@article{19672, abstract = {Some of the classical models of tropical cyclone intensification predict tropical cyclones to intensify up to a steady intensity, which depends on surface fluxes only, without any relevant role played by convective motions in the troposphere, typically assumed to have a moist adiabatic lapse rate. Simulations performed using the non-hydrostatic, high-resolution model System for Atmosphere Modeling in idealized settings (rotating radiative-convective equilibrium on a doubly periodic domain) show early intensification consistent with these theoretical expectations, but different intensity evolution, with the cyclone undergoing an oscillation in wind speed. This oscillation can be linked to feedbacks between the cyclone intensity and air buoyancy: convective heating, radiative heating, and mixing with warm low stratospheric air warm the mid and upper troposphere of the cyclone stabilizing the air column and thus reducing its intensity. After the intensity decay phase, mid and upper tropospheric cooling, mostly through cold advection from the surroundings, cooled by radiation, rebuilds Convective Available Potential Energy, that peaks just before a new intensification phase. These idealized simulations thus highlight the potentially important interactions between a tropical cyclone, its environment and radiation.}, author = {Polesello, Andrea and Charinti, Giousef Alexandros and Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru and Muller, Caroline J and Pasquero, Claudia}, issn = {1942-2466}, journal = {Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Intensity oscillations of tropical cyclones: Surface versus mid and upper tropospheric processes}}, doi = {10.1029/2024MS004613}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, } @article{19673, abstract = {We show that almost all primes p =\= ± 4 mod9 are sums of three cubes, assuming a conjecture due to Hooley, Manin, et al. on cubic fourfolds. This conjecture is approachable under standard statistical hypotheses on geometric families of L-functions.}, author = {Wang, Victor}, issn = {2998-4114}, journal = {Journal of the Association for Mathematical Research}, number = {1}, pages = {1--26}, publisher = {Association for Mathematical Research}, title = {{Prime Hasse principles via diophantine second moments}}, doi = {10.56994/JAMR.003.001.001}, volume = {3}, year = {2025}, } @unpublished{19674, abstract = {When examined through the lens of their residual streams, a puzzling property emerges in transformer networks: residual contributions (e.g., attention heads) sometimes specialize in specific tasks or input attributes. In this paper, we analyze this phenomenon in vision transformers, focusing on the spectral geometry of residuals, and explore its implications for modality alignment in vision-language models. First, we link it to the intrinsically low-dimensional structure of visual head representations, zooming into their principal components and showing that they encode specialized roles across a wide variety of input data distributions. Then, we analyze the effect of head specialization in multimodal models, focusing on how improved alignment between text and specialized heads impacts zero-shot classification performance. This specialization-performance link consistently holds across diverse pre-training data, network sizes, and objectives, demonstrating a powerful new mechanism for boosting zero-shot classification through targeted alignment. Ultimately, we translate these insights into actionable terms by introducing ResiDual, a technique for spectral alignment of the residual stream. Much like panning for gold, it lets the noise from irrelevant unit principal components (i.e., attributes) wash away to amplify task-relevant ones. Remarkably, this dual perspective on modality alignment yields fine-tuning level performance on different data distributions while modelling an extremely interpretable and parameter-efficient transformation, as we extensively show on 70 pre-trained network-dataset combinations (7 models, 10 datasets).}, author = {Basile, Lorenzo and Maiorca, Valentino and Bortolussi, Luca and Rodolà, Emanuele and Locatello, Francesco}, booktitle = {arXiv}, title = {{ResiDual transformer alignment with spectral decomposition}}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2411.00246}, year = {2025}, } @article{19699, abstract = {We demonstrate that gas disks around binary systems might deliver gas to the binary components only when the circumbinary disk is relatively warm. We present new grid-based hydrodynamics simulations, performed with the binary on the grid and a locally isothermal equation of state, in which the binary is seen to functionally "stop accreting" if the orbital Mach number in the disk exceeds a threshold value of about 40. Above this threshold, the disk continues to extract angular momentum from the binary orbit, but it delivers very little mass to the black holes and instead piles up mass in a ring surrounding the binary. This ring will eventually become viscously relaxed and deliver mass to the binary at the large-scale inflow rate. However, we show that the timescale for such relaxation can far exceed the implied binary lifetime. We demonstrate that the ability of a binary–disk system to equilibrate is dependent on the efficiency at which accretion streams deposit mass onto the binary, which, in turn is highly sensitive to the thermodynamic conditions of the inner disk. If disks around massive black hole binaries do operate in such nonaccreting regimes, it suggests these systems may be dimmer than their single black hole counterparts but could exhibit dramatic rebrightening after the black holes inspiral and merge. This dimming begins in the UV/optical and could completely choke high-energy emission, such that these systems would likely be intrinsically X-ray weak with reddened continua, potentially resembling the spectra of "little red dots" recently identified in JWST observations.}, author = {Tiede, Christopher and Zrake, Jonathan and Macfadyen, Andrew and Haiman, Zoltán}, issn = {1538-4357}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{Suppressed accretion onto massive black hole binaries surrounded by thin disks}}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/adc727}, volume = {984}, year = {2025}, } @article{19700, abstract = {The JWST discovery of "little red dots" (LRDs) is reshaping our picture of the early Universe, yet the physical mechanisms driving their compact size and UV-optical colors remain elusive. Here, we report an unusually bright LRD (zspec = 3.1) observed as part of the RUBIES program. This LRD exhibits broad emission lines (FWHM ∼ 4000 km s−1), a blue UV continuum, a clear Balmer break, and a red continuum sampled out to rest-frame 4 μm with MIRI. We develop a new joint galaxy and active galactic nucleus (AGN) model within the Prospector Bayesian inference framework and perform spectrophotometric modeling using NIRCam, MIRI, and NIRSpec/Prism observations. Our fiducial model reveals a M* ∼ 109 M⊙ galaxy alongside a dust-reddened AGN driving the optical emission. Explaining the rest-frame optical color as a reddened AGN requires AV ≳ 3, suggesting that a great majority of the accretion disk energy is reradiated as dust emission. Yet, despite clear AGN signatures, we find a surprising lack of hot torus emission, which implies that either the dust emission in this object must be cold, or the red continuum must instead be driven by a massive, evolved stellar population of the host galaxy—seemingly inconsistent with the high-EW broad lines (Hα rest-frame EW ∼ 800 Å). The widths and luminosities of Pa-β, Pa-δ, Pa-γ, and Hα imply a modest black hole mass of MBH ∼ 108 M⊙. Additionally, we identify a narrow blueshifted He i λ 1.083 μm absorption feature in NIRSpec/G395M spectra, signaling an ionized outflow with kinetic energy up to ∼1% the luminosity of the AGN. The low redshift of RUBIES-BLAGN-1, combined with the depth and richness of the JWST imaging and spectroscopic observations, provides a unique opportunity to build a physical model for these so-far mysterious LRDs, which may prove to be a crucial phase in the early formation of massive galaxies and their supermassive black holes.}, author = {Wang, Bingjie and De Graaff, Anna and Davies, Rebecca L. and Greene, Jenny E. and Leja, Joel and Brammer, Gabriel B. and Goulding, Andy D. and Miller, Tim B. and Suess, Katherine A. and Weibel, Andrea and Williams, Christina C. and Bezanson, Rachel and Boogaard, Leindert A. and Cleri, Nikko J. and Hirschmann, Michaela and Katz, Harley and Labbé, Ivo and Maseda, Michael V. and Matthee, Jorryt J and Mcconachie, Ian and Naidu, Rohan P. and Oesch, Pascal A. and Rix, Hans Walter and Setton, David J. and Whitaker, Katherine E.}, issn = {1538-4357}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{RUBIES: JWST/NIRSpec confirmation of an infrared-luminous, broad-line Little Red Dot with an ionized outflow}}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/adc1ca}, volume = {984}, year = {2025}, } @article{19701, abstract = {Living systems are characterized by controlled flows of matter, energy, and information. While the biophysics community has productively engaged with the first two, addressing information flows has been more challenging, with some scattered success in evolutionary theory and a more coherent track record in neuroscience. Nevertheless, interdisciplinary work of the past two decades at the interface of biophysics, quantitative biology, and engineering has led to an emerging mathematical language for describing information flows at the molecular scale. This is where the central processes of life unfold: from detection and transduction of environmental signals to the readout or copying of genetic information and the triggering of adaptive cellular responses. Such processes are coordinated by complex biochemical reaction networks that operate at room temperature, are out of equilibrium, and use low copy numbers of diverse molecular species with limited interaction specificity. Here we review how flows of information through biochemical networks can be formalized using information-theoretic quantities, quantified from data, and computed within various modeling frameworks. Optimization of information flows is presented as a candidate design principle that navigates the relevant time, energy, crosstalk, and metabolic constraints to predict reliable cellular signaling and gene regulation architectures built of individually noisy components.}, author = {Tkačik, Gašper and Wolde, Pieter Rein Ten}, issn = {1936-1238}, journal = {Annual review of biophysics}, pages = {249--274}, publisher = {Annual Reviews}, title = {{Information processing in biochemical networks}}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-biophys-060524-102720}, volume = {54}, year = {2025}, } @article{19702, abstract = {Moran Birth-death process is a standard stochastic process that is used to model natural selection in spatially structured populations. A newly occurring mutation that invades a population of residents can either fixate on the whole population or it can go extinct due to random drift. The duration of the process depends not only on the total population size n, but also on the spatial structure of the population. In this work, we consider the Moran process with a single type of individuals who invade and colonize an otherwise empty environment. Mathematically, this corresponds to the setting where the residents have zero reproduction rate, thus they never reproduce. The spatial structure is represented by a graph. We present two main contributions. First, in contrast to the Moran process in which residents do reproduce, we show that the colonization time is always at most a polynomial function of the population size n. Namely, we show that colonization always takes at most 1/2n^3 - 1/2n^2 expected steps, and for each n, we identify the slowest graph where it takes exactly that many steps. Moreover, we establish a stronger bound of roughly n^2.5 steps for undirected graphs and an even stronger bound of roughly n^2 steps for so-called regular graphs. Second, we discuss various complications that one faces when attempting to measure fixation times and colonization times in spatially structured populations, and we propose to measure the real duration of the process, rather than counting the steps of the classic Moran process.}, author = {Kopfová, Lenka and Tkadlec, Josef}, issn = {1553-7358}, journal = {PLoS computational biology}, number = {5}, pages = {e1012868}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, title = {{Colonization times in Moran process on graphs}}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012868}, volume = {21}, year = {2025}, } @article{19703, abstract = {An enlarged brain underlies the complex central nervous system of vertebrates. The dramatic expansion of the brain that diverges its shape from the spinal cord follows neural tube closure during embryonic development. Here, we show that this differential deformation is encoded by a pre-pattern of tissue material properties in chicken embryos. Using magnetic droplets and atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate that the dorsal hindbrain is more fluid than the dorsal spinal cord, resulting in a thinning versus a resisting response to increasing lumen pressure, respectively. The dorsal hindbrain exhibits reduced apical actin and a disorganized laminin matrix consistent with tissue fluidization. Blocking the activity of neural-crest-associated matrix metalloproteinases inhibits hindbrain expansion. Transplanting dorsal hindbrain cells to the spinal cord can locally create an expanded brain-like morphology in some cases. Our findings raise questions in vertebrate head evolution and suggest a general role of mechanical pre-patterning in sculpting epithelial tubes.}, author = {Mclaren, Susannah B.P. and Xue, Shi-lei and Ding, Siyuan and Winkel, Alexander K. and Baldwin, Oscar and Dwarakacherla, Shreya and Franze, Kristian and Hannezo, Edouard B and Xiong, Fengzhu}, issn = {1878-1551}, journal = {Developmental Cell}, number = {17}, pages = {2237--2247.e4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Differential tissue deformability underlies fluid pressure-driven shape divergence of the avian embryonic brain and spinal cord}}, doi = {10.1016/j.devcel.2025.04.010}, volume = {60}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{19712, abstract = {We study recent algebraic attacks (Briaud-Øygarden EC’23) on the Regular Syndrome Decoding (RSD) problem and the assumptions underlying the correctness of their attacks’ complexity estimates. By relating these assumptions to interesting algebraic-combinatorial problems, we prove that they do not hold in full generality. However, we show that they are (asymptotically) true for most parameter sets, supporting the soundness of algebraic attacks on RSD. Further, we prove—without any heuristics or assumptions—that RSD can be broken in polynomial time whenever the number of error blocks times the square of the size of error blocks is larger than 2 times the square of the dimension of the code. Additionally, we use our methodology to attack a variant of the Learning With Errors problem where each error term lies in a fixed set of constant size. We prove that this problem can be broken in polynomial time, given a sufficient number of samples. This result improves on the seminal work by Arora and Ge (ICALP’11), as the attack’s time complexity is independent of the LWE modulus.}, author = {Cueto Noval, Miguel and Merz, Simon-Philipp and Stählin, Patrick and Ünal, Akin}, booktitle = {44th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques}, isbn = {9783031910944}, issn = {1611-3349}, location = {Madrid, Spain}, pages = {385--415}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{On the soundness of algebraic attacks against code-based assumptions}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-91095-1_14}, volume = {15606}, year = {2025}, } @article{19713, abstract = {Distributed optimization is the standard way of speeding up machine learning training, and most of the research in the area focuses on distributed first-order, gradient-based methods. Yet, there are settings where some computationally-bounded nodes may not be able to implement first-order, gradient-based optimization, while they could still contribute to joint optimization tasks. In this paper, we initiate the study of hybrid decentralized optimization, studying settings where nodes with zeroth-order and first-order optimization capabilities co-exist in a distributed system, and attempt to jointly solve an optimization task over some data distribution. We essentially show that, under reasonable parameter settings, such a system can not only withstand noisier zeroth-order agents but can even benefit from integrating such agents into the optimization process, rather than ignoring their information. At the core of our approach is a new analysis of distributed optimization with noisy and possibly-biased gradient estimators, which may be of independent interest. Our results hold for both convex and non-convex objectives. Experimental results on standard optimization tasks confirm our analysis, showing that hybrid first-zeroth order optimization can be practical, even when training deep neural networks.}, author = {Talaei, Shayan and Ansaripour, Matin and Nadiradze, Giorgi and Alistarh, Dan-Adrian}, issn = {2374-3468}, journal = {Proceedings of the 39th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, number = {19}, pages = {20778--20786}, publisher = {Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence}, title = {{Hybrid decentralized optimization: Leveraging both first- and zeroth-order optimizers for faster convergence}}, doi = {10.1609/aaai.v39i19.34290}, volume = {39}, year = {2025}, } @unpublished{19717, abstract = {Radial glial progenitors (RGPs) generate all projection neurons (PNs) in the cerebral cortex through incompletely understood processes. Herein, we combine Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM)-based clonal analysis at embryonic days 12.5 and 13.5 with early postnatal callosal tracing to reveal a lineage progression that challenges the inside-outside model of cortical development and the conventional view of an invariable sequence of asymmetric neurogenic divisions. Our data demonstrate that early multipotent RGPs generate all extra-telencephalic (ET) and intra-telencephalic (IT) PNs across all layers through parallel sublineages and the random specification, during the earliest neurogenic divisions, of fate-restricted daughter RGPs. While the neuronal production of the parental multipotent RGPs consists of small ET-PN or IT-PN outputs, fate-restricted RGPs produce larger translaminar outputs spanning deep and upper layers of only IT-PNs, the predominant mammalian PN subtype. We further show that the emergence of IT-PN fate-restricted RGPs also leads to quantitatively and temporally stereotyped neurogenesis population-wise.}, author = {Varela-Martínez, I and Villalba Requena, Ana and Garcia-Marqués, J. and Hippenmeyer, Simon and Nieto, M.}, booktitle = {bioRxiv}, title = {{Early emergence of projection-subtype fate-restricted radial glial progenitors orchestrates neocortical neurogenesis}}, doi = {10.1101/2025.05.07.652665}, year = {2025}, } @article{19725, abstract = {Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) mediate many fundamental cellular processes. Control of PPIs through optically or chemically responsive protein domains has had a profound impact on basic research and some clinical applications. Most chemogenetic methods induce the association, i.e., dimerization or oligomerization, of target proteins, whilst the few available dissociation approaches either break large oligomeric protein clusters or heteromeric complexes. Here, we have exploited the controlled dissociation of a homodimeric oxidoreductase from mycobacteria (MSMEG_2027) by its native cofactor, F420, which is not present in mammals, as a bioorthogonal monomerization switch. Using X-ray crystallography, we found that in the absence of F420 MSMEG_2027 forms a unique domain-swapped dimer that occludes the cofactor binding site. Rearrangement of the N-terminal helix upon F420 binding results in the dissolution of the dimer. We then showed that MSMEG_2027 can be fused to proteins of interest in human cells and applied it as a tool to induce and release MAPK/ERK signalling downstream of a chimeric fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) tyrosine kinase. This F420-dependent chemogenetic de-homodimerization tool is stoichiometric and based on a single domain and thus represents a novel mechanism to investigate protein complexes in situ.}, author = {Antoney, James and Kainrath, Stephanie and Dubowsky, Joshua G. and Ahmed, F. Hafna and Kang, Suk Woo and Mackie, Emily R.R. and Bracho Granado, Gustavo and Soares Da Costa, Tatiana P. and Jackson, Colin J. and Janovjak, Harald L}, issn = {1089-8638}, journal = {Journal of Molecular Biology}, number = {17}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{A F420-dependent single domain chemogenetic tool for protein de-dimerization}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmb.2025.169184}, volume = {437}, year = {2025}, } @article{19726, abstract = {The oxidation of biomass-derived compounds such as glucose within electrochemical cells enables both the energy-efficient production of hydrogen and the generation of additional added-value chemicals from biomass. However, for this biomass valorization approach to become commercially viable, selective, cost-effective, and highly active electrooxidation catalysts need to be developed. In this work, we detail the synthesis of a nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn)-based electrocatalyst for the glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) to formic acid (FoA) via calcination of a Zn-based zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF) functionalized with ethylenediamine and doped with Ni. The structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the catalysts towards the anodic GOR to FoA coupled with the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are subsequently studied. Chronopotentiometry tests with 0.1 M of glucose show a conversion of 94 % at 250 mA in only 70 min, with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 91 % toward the production of FoA. Meanwhile, at the cathode, the HER FE is close to 98 %.}, author = {Mejia-Centeno, Karol V. and Montaña-Mora, Guillem and Chacón-Borrero, Jesús and Xue, Qian and Gong, Li and Martí-Sánchez, Sara and Berlanga-Vázquez, Armando and Llorca, Jordi and Ibáñez, Maria and Arbiol, Jordi and Qi, Xueqiang and Martinez-Alanis, Paulina R. and Cabot, Andreu}, issn = {1385-8947}, journal = {Chemical Engineering Journal}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Glucose electrooxidation with simultaneous H2 production on nickel-zinc electrocatalysts derived from an ethylenediamine-functionalized zeolitic imidazole framework}}, doi = {10.1016/j.cej.2025.163491}, volume = {515}, year = {2025}, } @article{19727, abstract = {By studying some Clausen-like multiple Dirichlet series, we complete the proof of Manin's conjecture for sufficiently split smooth equivariant compactifications of the translation-dilation group over the rationals. Secondary terms remain elusive in general.}, author = {Wang, Victor}, issn = {1090-2082}, journal = {Advances in Mathematics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Asymptotic growth of translation-dilation orbits}}, doi = {10.1016/j.aim.2025.110341}, volume = {475}, year = {2025}, } @article{19729, abstract = {From anthropogenic litter carried by ocean currents to plant stems travelling through the atmosphere, geophysical flows are often seeded with elongated, fibre-like particles. In this study, we used a large-scale laboratory model of a tidal current – representative of a widespread class of geophysical flows – to investigate the tumbling motion of long, slender and floating fibres in the complex turbulence generated by flow interactions with a tidal inlet. Despite the non-stationary, non-homogeneous and anisotropic nature of this turbulence, we find that long fibres statistically rotate at the same frequency as eddies of similar size, a phenomenon called scale selection, which is known to occur in ideal turbulence. Furthermore, we report that the signal of the instantaneous transverse velocity difference between the fibre ends changes significantly from the signal produced by the flow in the fibre surroundings, although the two are statistically equivalent. These observations have twofold implications. On the one hand, they confirm the reliability of using the end-to-end velocity signal of rigid fibres to probe the two-point transverse statistics of the flow, even under realistic conditions: oceanographers could exploit this observation to measure transverse velocity differences through elongated floats in the field, where superdiffusion complicates collecting sufficient data to probe two-point turbulence statistics at a fixed separation effectively. On the other hand, by addressing the dynamics of inertial range particles floating in the coastal zone, these observations are crucial to improving our ability to predict the fate of meso- and macro-litter, a size class that is currently understudied.}, author = {De Leo, Annalisa and Brizzolara, Stefano and Cavaiola, Mattia and He, Junlin and Stocchino, Alessandro}, issn = {1469-7645}, journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {{Rigid fibre transport in a periodic non-homogeneous geophysical turbulent flow}}, doi = {10.1017/jfm.2025.362}, volume = {1011}, year = {2025}, } @article{19730, abstract = {Feigenbaum universality is shown to occur in subcritical shear flows. Our testing ground is the counter-rotation regime of the Taylor–Couette flow, where numerical calculations are performed within a small periodic domain. The accurate computation of up to the seventh period-doubling bifurcation, assisted by a purposely defined Poincaré section, has enabled us to reproduce the two Feigenbaum universal constants with unprecedented accuracy in a fluid flow problem. We have further devised a method to predict the bifurcation diagram up to the accumulation point of the cascade based on the detailed inspection of just the first few period-doubling bifurcations. Remarkably, the method is applicable beyond the accumulation point, with predictions remaining valid, in a statistical sense, for the chaotic dynamics that follows.}, author = {Wang, Baoying and Ayats López, Roger and Deguchi, K. and Meseguer, A. and Mellibovsky, F.}, issn = {1469-7645}, journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {{Feigenbaum universality in subcritical Taylor-Couette flow}}, doi = {10.1017/jfm.2025.278}, volume = {1010}, year = {2025}, } @article{19731, abstract = {In an era of high-resolution displays, powerful design software, and automated plotting tools, one would think that scientific figures would be clearer than ever. Yet, despite numerous editorials, guidelines, and workshops dedicated to improving figure design, poorly constructed figures remain a persistent issue. Editors and experienced researchers have repeatedly highlighted key pitfalls such as cluttered layouts, inconsistent formatting, poor color choices, and misleading visuals. (1−8) Yet, the aforementioned graphical shortcomings continue to plague even high-impact journals. Why? The problem is not a lack of technology; it is a combination of poor design habits, rushed deadlines, and a tendency to treat figures as mere “data dumps” rather than as essential storytelling tools. Many people process information more effectively through visuals, naturally associating concepts easily when presented graphically. A well-crafted figure serves as a narrative within the larger story, making complex ideas more accessible. Unfortunately, visual storytelling often takes a backseat in scientific communication. Scientists are trained to analyze and interpret data, but many default to software-generated plots without considering accessibility or how their figures will be perceived by readers outside their immediate field. Without thoughtful design, figures lose their power to enhance understanding, ultimately limiting the significance of the research itself. In this editorial, we examine the challenges that, in our view, hamper scientific figure design and discuss how thoughtful refinements driven by feedback, iteration, and design principles can enhance clarity and impact visual communication.}, author = {Rayaroth Puthiyaveettil, Aiswarya and Fiedler, Christine and Ibáñez, Maria}, issn = {2694-2461}, journal = {ACS Materials Au}, number = {3}, pages = {438--440}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, title = {{Let us FIGURE it out: Why do scientists still make “bad” figures?}}, doi = {10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00037}, volume = {5}, year = {2025}, } @article{19732, abstract = {The transition to chaos in the subcritical regime of counter-rotating Taylor–Couette flow is investigated using a minimal periodic domain capable of sustaining coherent structures. Following a Feigenbaum cascade, the dynamics is found to be remarkably well approximated by a simple discrete map that admits rigorous proof of its chaotic nature. The chaotic set that arises for the map features densely distributed periodic points that are in one-to-one correspondence with unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) of the Navier–Stokes system. This supports the increasingly accepted view that UPOs may serve as the backbone of turbulence and, indeed, we demonstrate that it is possible to reconstruct every statistical property of chaotic fluid flow from UPOs.}, author = {Wang, Baoying and Ayats López, Roger and Deguchi, K. and Meseguer, A. and Mellibovsky, F.}, issn = {1469-7645}, journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {{Mathematically established chaos and forecast of statistics with recurrent patterns in Taylor-Couette flow}}, doi = {10.1017/jfm.2025.151}, volume = {1011}, year = {2025}, } @article{19733, abstract = {One of the most striking quantum phenomena is superposition, where one particle simultaneously inhabits different states. Most methods to verify coherent superposition are indirect, in that they require the distinct states to be recombined. Here, we adapt an xor game, in which a “test” photon is placed in a superposition of two orthogonal spatial modes, and each mode is sent to separated parties who perform local measurements on their modes without reinterfering the original modes. We show that by using a second identical “measurement” photon the parties are nonetheless able to verify if the test photon was placed in coherent superposition of the two spatial modes. We then turn this game into a resource-efficient verification scheme, obtaining a confidence that the particle is superposed which approaches unity exponentially fast. We demonstrate our scheme using a single photon, obtaining a 99% confidence that the particle is superposed with only 37 copies. Our work shows the utility of xor games to verify quantum resources, allowing us to efficiently detect quantum superposition without reinterfering the superposed modes.}, author = {Kun, Daniel and Strömberg, Karl T and Spagnolo, Michele and Dakić, Borivoje and Rozema, Lee A. and Walther, Philip}, issn = {2469-9934}, journal = {Physical Review A}, number = {5}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Direct and efficient detection of quantum superposition}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.111.L050402}, volume = {111}, year = {2025}, } @article{19736, abstract = {The phytohormone auxin is a major signal coordinating growth and development in plants. The variety of its effects arises from its ability to form local auxin maxima and gradients within tissues, generated through directional cell-to-cell transport and elaborate metabolic control. These auxin distribution patterns instruct cells in a context-dependent manner to undergo predefined developmental transitions. In this Review, we discuss advances in auxin action at the level of homeostasis and signalling. We highlight key insights into the structural basis of PIN-mediated intercellular auxin transport and explore two novel non-transcriptional auxin signalling mechanisms: one involving intracellular Ca2+ transients and another involving cell-surface auxin perception that mediates global, ultrafast phosphorylation. Furthermore, we examine emerging evidence indicating the involvement of cyclic adenosine monophosphate as a second messenger in the transcriptional auxin response. Together, these recent developments in auxin research have profoundly deepened our understanding of the complex and diverse activities of auxin in plant growth and development.}, author = {Vanneste, Steffen and Pei, Yuanrong and Friml, Jiří}, issn = {1471-0080}, journal = {Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Mechanisms of auxin action in plant growth and development}}, doi = {10.1038/s41580-025-00851-2}, year = {2025}, }