@article{19642, abstract = {We study the criticality and subcriticality of powers (−Δ) α with α>0 of the discrete Laplacian −Δ acting on ℓ 2 (N). We prove that these positive powers of the Laplacian are critical if and only if α≥3/2. We complement our analysis with Hardy-type inequalities for (−Δ) α in the subcritical regimes α∈(0,3/2). As an illustration of the critical case α≥3/2, we analyze asymptotic properties of discrete eigenvalues emerging by coupling (−Δ) α with a localized potential.}, author = {Gerhát, Borbála M and Krejčiřík, David and Štampach, František}, issn = {2235-0616}, journal = {Revista Matematica Iberoamericana}, number = {3}, pages = {1173--1200}, publisher = {EMS Press}, title = {{Criticality transition for positive powers of the discrete Laplacian on the half line}}, doi = {10.4171/RMI/1523}, volume = {41}, year = {2025}, } @misc{19658, abstract = {We consider a family of totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes (TASEPs), consisting of particles on a lattice that require binding by a "token" in various physical configurations to advance over the lattice. Using a combination of theory and simulations, we address the following questions: (i) How token binding kinetics affects the current-density relation on the lattice; (ii) How this current-density relation depends on the scarcity of tokens; (iii) How tokens propagate the effects of the locally-imposed disorder (such as a slow site) over the entire lattice; (iv) How a shared pool of tokens couples concurrent TASEPs running on multiple lattices; (v) How our results translate to TASEPs with open boundaries that exchange particles with the reservoir. Since real particle motion (including in biological systems that inspired the standard TASEP model, e.g., protein synthesis or movement of molecular motors) is often catalyzed, regulated, actuated, or otherwise mediated, the token-driven TASEP dynamics analyzed in this paper should allow for a better understanding of real systems and enable a closer match between TASEP theory and experimental observations.}, author = {Tkačik, Gašper}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Token-driven totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:19658}, year = {2025}, } @article{19660, abstract = {We analyze the ground state energy of N fermions in a two-dimensional box interacting with an impurity particle via two-body point interactions. We show that for weak coupling, the ground state energy is asymptotically described by the polaron energy, as proposed by F. Chevy in the physics literature. The polaron energy is the solution of a nonlinear equation involving the Green’s function of the free Fermi gas and the binding energy of the two-body point interaction. We provide quantitative error estimates that are uniform in the thermodynamic limit.}, author = {Mitrouskas, David Johannes}, issn = {1432-0673}, journal = {Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{The weakly coupled two-dimensional Fermi polaron}}, doi = {10.1007/s00205-025-02098-9}, volume = {249}, year = {2025}, } @article{19661, abstract = {The Nelson model describes non-relativistic particles coupled to a relativistic Bose scalar field. In this article, we study the renormalized version of the Nelson model with massless bosons in Davies' weak coupling limit. Our main result states that the two-body Coulomb potential emerges as an effective pair interaction between the particles, which arises from the exchange of virtual excitations of the quantum field.}, author = {Cárdenas, Esteban and Mitrouskas, David Johannes}, issn = {1751-8121}, journal = {Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical}, number = {17}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{The renormalized Nelson model in the weak coupling limit}}, doi = {10.1088/1751-8121/adcdd9}, volume = {58}, year = {2025}, } @article{19662, abstract = {We investigate the effect of changes in the Coriolis force caused by changes in the rotation rate on the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiant energy budget of an aquaplanet general circulation model with prescribed sea surface temperatures. We analyse the effective radiative forcing caused by changes from Earth-like rotation to values between 1/32 and 8 times the Earth's rotation rate. The forcing differs by about 60 W m−2 between the fastest and slowest rotation cases, with a monotonically increasing positive forcing for faster-than-Earth-like rotations and a non-monotonically increasing negative forcing for slower rotations. The largest contributions to the forcing are due to changes in, in this order, the shortwave cloud radiative effect (SWCRE) and the clear-sky outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). From the fastest to the slowest rotation, the Hadley cell expands and the troposphere becomes drier, increasing the OLR. This contributes to negative forcing at slower-than-Earth-like rotations and to positive forcing at faster-than-Earth-like rotations. The SWCRE is influenced by changes in the low-level cloudiness within the Hadley cell and the baroclinic regime. With the expansion of the Hadley cell, the area of enhanced tropospheric stability increases, resulting in more low-level clouds, a higher SWCRE, and increased negative forcing. The non-monotonicity results from an intermediate decrease in the SWCRE caused by the disappearance of baroclinic eddies as the Hadley cell reaches global extension. At rotations faster than Earth-like, the decrease in the SWCRE, mainly due to the weakening of baroclinic eddies and storm systems, leads to an increase in positive forcing. In summary, changes in the SWCRE, driven by different circulation responses at slower-than-Earth-like and faster-than-Earth-like rotations, strongly influence the TOA radiant energy budget. These effects, along with a substantial contribution from the clear-sky OLR, could impact the habitability of Earth-like rotating planets.}, author = {Gnanaraj, Abisha Mary and Bao, Jiawei and Schmidt, Hauke}, issn = {2698-4016}, journal = {Weather and Climate Dynamics}, number = {2}, pages = {489--503}, publisher = {Copernicus Publications}, title = {{The impact of the rotation rate on an aquaplanet's radiant energy budget: Insights from experiments varying the Coriolis parameter}}, doi = {10.5194/wcd-6-489-2025}, volume = {6}, year = {2025}, } @article{19663, abstract = {The centrosome is a microtubule orchestrator, nucleating and anchoring microtubules that grow radially and exert forces on cargos. At the same time, mechanical stresses from the microenvironment and cellular shape changes compress and bend microtubules. Yet, centrosomes are membraneless organelles, raising the question of how centrosomes withstand mechanical forces. Here, we discover that centrosomes can deform and even fracture. We reveal that centrosomes experience deformations during navigational pathfinding within motile cells. Coherence of the centrosome is maintained by Dyrk3 and cNAP1, preventing fracturing by forces. While cells can compensate for the depletion of centriolar-based centrosomes, the fracturing of centrosomes impedes cellular function by generating coexisting microtubule organizing centers that compete during path navigation and thereby cause cellular entanglement in the microenvironment. Our findings show that cells actively maintain the integrity of the centrosome to withstand mechanical forces. These results suggest that centrosome stability preservation is fundamental, given that almost all cells in multicellular organisms experience forces.}, author = {Schmitt, Madeleine T. and Kroll, Janina and Ruiz-Fernandez, Mauricio J.A. and Hauschild, Robert and Ghosh, Shaunak and Kameritsch, Petra and Merrin, Jack and Schmid, Johanna and Stefanowski, Kasia and Thomae, Andreas W. and Cheng, Jingyuan and Öztan, Gamze Naz and Konopka, Peter and Ortega, Germán Camargo and Penz, Thomas and Bach, Luisa and Baumjohann, Dirk and Bock, Christoph and Straub, Tobias and Meissner, Felix and Kiermaier, Eva and Renkawitz, Jörg}, issn = {2375-2548}, journal = {Science Advances}, number = {17}, publisher = {AAAS}, title = {{Protecting centrosomes from fracturing enables efficient cell navigation}}, doi = {10.1126/sciadv.adx4047}, volume = {11}, year = {2025}, } @article{19664, abstract = {Persistent revivals recently observed in Rydberg atom simulators have challenged our understanding of thermalization and attracted much interest to the concept of quantum many-body scars (QMBSs). QMBSs are non-thermal highly excited eigenstates that coexist with typical eigenstates in the spectrum of many-body Hamiltonians, and have since been reported in multiple theoretical models, including the so-called PXP model, approximately realized by Rydberg simulators. At the same time, questions of how common QMBSs are and in what models they are physically realized remain open. In this Letter, we demonstrate that QMBSs exist in a broader family of models that includes and generalizes PXP to longer-range constraints and states with different periodicity. We show that in each model, multiple QMBS families can be found. Each of them relies on a different approximate algebra, leading to oscillatory dynamics in all cases. However, in contrast to the PXP model, their observation requires launching dynamics from weakly entangled initial states rather than from a product state. QMBSs reported here may be experimentally probed using Rydberg atom simulator in the regime of longer-range Rydberg blockades.}, author = {Kerschbaumer, Aron and Ljubotina, Marko and Serbyn, Maksym and Desaules, Jean-Yves Marc}, issn = {1079-7114}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, number = {16}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Quantum many-body scars beyond the PXP model in Rydberg simulators}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.160401}, volume = {134}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{19665, abstract = {As AI-based decision-makers increasingly influence human lives, it is a growing concern that their decisions may be unfair or biased with respect to people's protected attributes, such as gender and race. Most existing bias prevention measures provide probabilistic fairness guarantees in the long run, and it is possible that the decisions are biased on any decision sequence of fixed length. We introduce *fairness shielding*, where a symbolic decision-maker---the fairness shield---continuously monitors the sequence of decisions of another deployed black-box decision-maker, and makes interventions so that a given fairness criterion is met while the total intervention costs are minimized. We present four different algorithms for computing fairness shields, among which one guarantees fairness over fixed horizons, and three guarantee fairness periodically after fixed intervals. Given a distribution over future decisions and their intervention costs, our algorithms solve different instances of bounded-horizon optimal control problems with different levels of computational costs and optimality guarantees. Our empirical evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of these shields in ensuring fairness while maintaining cost efficiency across various scenarios.}, author = {Cano Cordoba, Filip and Henzinger, Thomas A and Könighofer, Bettina and Kueffner, Konstantin and Mallik, Kaushik}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 39th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, issn = {2374-3468}, location = {Philadelphia, PA, United States}, number = {15}, pages = {15659--15668}, publisher = {Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence}, title = {{Fairness shields: Safeguarding against biased decision makers}}, doi = {10.1609/aaai.v39i15.33719}, volume = {39}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{19666, abstract = {Markov decision processes (MDP) are a well-established model for sequential decision-making in the presence of probabilities. In *robust* MDP (RMDP), every action is associated with an *uncertainty set* of probability distributions, modelling that transition probabilities are not known precisely. Based on the known theoretical connection to stochastic games, we provide a framework for solving RMDPs that is generic, reliable, and efficient. It is *generic* both with respect to the model, allowing for a wide range of uncertainty sets, including but not limited to intervals, L1- or L2-balls, and polytopes; and with respect to the objective, including long-run average reward, undiscounted total reward, and stochastic shortest path. It is *reliable*, as our approach not only converges in the limit, but provides precision guarantees at any time during the computation. It is *efficient* because -- in contrast to state-of-the-art approaches -- it avoids explicitly constructing the underlying stochastic game. Consequently, our prototype implementation outperforms existing tools by several orders of magnitude and can solve RMDPs with a million states in under a minute.}, author = {Meggendorfer, Tobias and Weininger, Maximilian and Wienhöft, Patrick}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 39th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, issn = {2374-3468}, location = {Philadelphia, PA, United States}, number = {25}, pages = {26631--26641}, publisher = {Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence}, title = {{Solving robust Markov decision processes: Generic, reliable, efficient}}, doi = {10.1609/aaai.v39i25.34865}, volume = {39}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{19668, abstract = {Learning-based methods provide a promising approach to solving highly non-linear control tasks that are often challenging for classical control methods. To ensure the satisfaction of a safety property, learning-based methods jointly learn a control policy together with a certificate function for the property. Popular examples include barrier functions for safety and Lyapunov functions for asymptotic stability. While there has been significant progress on learning-based control with certificate functions in the white-box setting, where the correctness of the certificate function can be formally verified, there has been little work on ensuring their reliability in the black-box setting where the system dynamics are unknown. In this work, we consider the problems of certifying and repairing neural network control policies and certificate functions in the black-box setting. We propose a novel framework that utilizes runtime monitoring to detect system behaviors that violate the property of interest under some initially trained neural network policy and certificate. These violating behaviors are used to extract new training data, that is used to re-train the neural network policy and the certificate function and to ultimately repair them. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach empirically by using it to repair and to boost the safety rate of neural network policies learned by a state-of-the-art method for learning-based control on two autonomous system control tasks.}, author = {Yu, Zhengqi and Zikelic, Dorde and Henzinger, Thomas A}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 39th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, issn = {2374-3468}, location = {Philadelphia, PA, United States}, number = {25}, pages = {26409--26417}, publisher = {Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence}, title = {{Neural control and certificate repair via runtime monitoring}}, doi = {10.1609/aaai.v39i25.34840}, volume = {39}, year = {2025}, } @article{19670, abstract = {“Pasta alla Cacio e pepe” is a traditional Italian dish made with pasta, pecorino cheese, and pepper. Despite its simple ingredient list, achieving the perfect texture and creaminess of the sauce can be challenging. In this study, we systematically explore the phase behavior of Cacio e pepe sauce, focusing on its stability at increasing temperatures for various proportions of cheese, water, and starch. We identify starch concentration as the key factor influencing sauce stability, with direct implications for practical cooking. Specifically, we delineate a regime where starch concentrations below 1% (relative to cheese mass) lead to the formation of system-wide clumps, a condition determining what we term the “Mozzarella Phase” and corresponding to an unpleasant and separated sauce. Additionally, we examine the impact of cheese concentration relative to water at a fixed starch level, observing a lower critical solution temperature that we theoretically rationalized by means of a minimal effective free-energy model. We further analyze the effect of a less traditional stabilizer, trisodium citrate, and observe a sharp transition from the Mozzarella Phase to a completely smooth and stable sauce, in contrast to starch-stabilized mixtures, where the transition is more gradual. Finally, we present a scientifically optimized recipe based on our findings, enabling a consistently flawless execution of this classic dish.}, author = {Bartolucci, G. and Busiello, D. M. and Ciarchi, M. and Corticelli, A. and Di Terlizzi, I. and Olmeda, Fabrizio and Revignas, D. and Schimmenti, V. M.}, issn = {1089-7666}, journal = {Physics of Fluids}, number = {4}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, title = {{Phase behavior of Cacio e Pepe sauce}}, doi = {10.1063/5.0255841}, volume = {37}, year = {2025}, } @article{19671, abstract = {Silvopastoral use in native forests could impact population dynamics of key tree species, with contrasting effects at different life cycle stages. Prior studies in South American temperate forests have mainly focused on initial stages, lacking a comprehensive understanding of the entire life cycle within productive systems. We assessed the population dynamics of two key species of mixed forests in northern Patagonia (Austrocedrus chilensis and Nothofagus dombeyi) under two silvopastoral use intensities (high vs. low), using demographic techniques and population projection models. Over 3 years, we quantified vital rates (survival, fertility, growth, reversion and stasis) and used matrix models to calculate deterministic population growth rates (λ). High-intensity silvopastoral use had predominantly negative effects on the elements of the projection matrices of A. chilensis, whereas N. dombeyi exhibited mostly positive or no changes. As a result, projections indicated slight population decreases for A. chilensis (mostly λ < 1) at high silvopastoral use levels compared to low levels, while N. dombeyi showed similar projections (λ ≅ 1) between use levels. Decreased λ for A. chilensis resulted mainly from lower adult tree survival, while early life stages had limited influence on λ for these long-lived species. In summary, silvopastoral use affects population dynamics of key tree species of these mixed forests of northern Patagonia, with implications for sustainable management. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the entire life cycle and suggest targeted practices to enhance A. chilensis populations.}, author = {Arpigiani, Daniela and Aschero, Valeria and Soler Schaller, Rosina Matilde and Amoroso, Mariano M.}, issn = {1442-9993}, journal = {Austral Ecology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{A life-cycle approach to understand consequences of silvopastoral use on two native tree species of Northern Patagonia}}, doi = {10.1111/aec.70058}, volume = {50}, year = {2025}, } @article{19672, abstract = {Some of the classical models of tropical cyclone intensification predict tropical cyclones to intensify up to a steady intensity, which depends on surface fluxes only, without any relevant role played by convective motions in the troposphere, typically assumed to have a moist adiabatic lapse rate. Simulations performed using the non-hydrostatic, high-resolution model System for Atmosphere Modeling in idealized settings (rotating radiative-convective equilibrium on a doubly periodic domain) show early intensification consistent with these theoretical expectations, but different intensity evolution, with the cyclone undergoing an oscillation in wind speed. This oscillation can be linked to feedbacks between the cyclone intensity and air buoyancy: convective heating, radiative heating, and mixing with warm low stratospheric air warm the mid and upper troposphere of the cyclone stabilizing the air column and thus reducing its intensity. After the intensity decay phase, mid and upper tropospheric cooling, mostly through cold advection from the surroundings, cooled by radiation, rebuilds Convective Available Potential Energy, that peaks just before a new intensification phase. These idealized simulations thus highlight the potentially important interactions between a tropical cyclone, its environment and radiation.}, author = {Polesello, Andrea and Charinti, Giousef Alexandros and Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru and Muller, Caroline J and Pasquero, Claudia}, issn = {1942-2466}, journal = {Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Intensity oscillations of tropical cyclones: Surface versus mid and upper tropospheric processes}}, doi = {10.1029/2024MS004613}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, } @misc{19696, author = {Tatman, Benjamin}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Dataset for "Bumps on the Road: The Way to Clean Relaxation Dispersion in the Solid State"}}, doi = {10.15479/AT-ISTA-19696}, year = {2025}, } @article{19699, abstract = {We demonstrate that gas disks around binary systems might deliver gas to the binary components only when the circumbinary disk is relatively warm. We present new grid-based hydrodynamics simulations, performed with the binary on the grid and a locally isothermal equation of state, in which the binary is seen to functionally "stop accreting" if the orbital Mach number in the disk exceeds a threshold value of about 40. Above this threshold, the disk continues to extract angular momentum from the binary orbit, but it delivers very little mass to the black holes and instead piles up mass in a ring surrounding the binary. This ring will eventually become viscously relaxed and deliver mass to the binary at the large-scale inflow rate. However, we show that the timescale for such relaxation can far exceed the implied binary lifetime. We demonstrate that the ability of a binary–disk system to equilibrate is dependent on the efficiency at which accretion streams deposit mass onto the binary, which, in turn is highly sensitive to the thermodynamic conditions of the inner disk. If disks around massive black hole binaries do operate in such nonaccreting regimes, it suggests these systems may be dimmer than their single black hole counterparts but could exhibit dramatic rebrightening after the black holes inspiral and merge. This dimming begins in the UV/optical and could completely choke high-energy emission, such that these systems would likely be intrinsically X-ray weak with reddened continua, potentially resembling the spectra of "little red dots" recently identified in JWST observations.}, author = {Tiede, Christopher and Zrake, Jonathan and Macfadyen, Andrew and Haiman, Zoltán}, issn = {1538-4357}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{Suppressed accretion onto massive black hole binaries surrounded by thin disks}}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/adc727}, volume = {984}, year = {2025}, } @article{19700, abstract = {The JWST discovery of "little red dots" (LRDs) is reshaping our picture of the early Universe, yet the physical mechanisms driving their compact size and UV-optical colors remain elusive. Here, we report an unusually bright LRD (zspec = 3.1) observed as part of the RUBIES program. This LRD exhibits broad emission lines (FWHM ∼ 4000 km s−1), a blue UV continuum, a clear Balmer break, and a red continuum sampled out to rest-frame 4 μm with MIRI. We develop a new joint galaxy and active galactic nucleus (AGN) model within the Prospector Bayesian inference framework and perform spectrophotometric modeling using NIRCam, MIRI, and NIRSpec/Prism observations. Our fiducial model reveals a M* ∼ 109 M⊙ galaxy alongside a dust-reddened AGN driving the optical emission. Explaining the rest-frame optical color as a reddened AGN requires AV ≳ 3, suggesting that a great majority of the accretion disk energy is reradiated as dust emission. Yet, despite clear AGN signatures, we find a surprising lack of hot torus emission, which implies that either the dust emission in this object must be cold, or the red continuum must instead be driven by a massive, evolved stellar population of the host galaxy—seemingly inconsistent with the high-EW broad lines (Hα rest-frame EW ∼ 800 Å). The widths and luminosities of Pa-β, Pa-δ, Pa-γ, and Hα imply a modest black hole mass of MBH ∼ 108 M⊙. Additionally, we identify a narrow blueshifted He i λ 1.083 μm absorption feature in NIRSpec/G395M spectra, signaling an ionized outflow with kinetic energy up to ∼1% the luminosity of the AGN. The low redshift of RUBIES-BLAGN-1, combined with the depth and richness of the JWST imaging and spectroscopic observations, provides a unique opportunity to build a physical model for these so-far mysterious LRDs, which may prove to be a crucial phase in the early formation of massive galaxies and their supermassive black holes.}, author = {Wang, Bingjie and De Graaff, Anna and Davies, Rebecca L. and Greene, Jenny E. and Leja, Joel and Brammer, Gabriel B. and Goulding, Andy D. and Miller, Tim B. and Suess, Katherine A. and Weibel, Andrea and Williams, Christina C. and Bezanson, Rachel and Boogaard, Leindert A. and Cleri, Nikko J. and Hirschmann, Michaela and Katz, Harley and Labbé, Ivo and Maseda, Michael V. and Matthee, Jorryt J and Mcconachie, Ian and Naidu, Rohan P. and Oesch, Pascal A. and Rix, Hans Walter and Setton, David J. and Whitaker, Katherine E.}, issn = {1538-4357}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{RUBIES: JWST/NIRSpec confirmation of an infrared-luminous, broad-line Little Red Dot with an ionized outflow}}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/adc1ca}, volume = {984}, year = {2025}, } @article{19702, abstract = {Moran Birth-death process is a standard stochastic process that is used to model natural selection in spatially structured populations. A newly occurring mutation that invades a population of residents can either fixate on the whole population or it can go extinct due to random drift. The duration of the process depends not only on the total population size n, but also on the spatial structure of the population. In this work, we consider the Moran process with a single type of individuals who invade and colonize an otherwise empty environment. Mathematically, this corresponds to the setting where the residents have zero reproduction rate, thus they never reproduce. The spatial structure is represented by a graph. We present two main contributions. First, in contrast to the Moran process in which residents do reproduce, we show that the colonization time is always at most a polynomial function of the population size n. Namely, we show that colonization always takes at most 1/2n^3 - 1/2n^2 expected steps, and for each n, we identify the slowest graph where it takes exactly that many steps. Moreover, we establish a stronger bound of roughly n^2.5 steps for undirected graphs and an even stronger bound of roughly n^2 steps for so-called regular graphs. Second, we discuss various complications that one faces when attempting to measure fixation times and colonization times in spatially structured populations, and we propose to measure the real duration of the process, rather than counting the steps of the classic Moran process.}, author = {Kopfová, Lenka and Tkadlec, Josef}, issn = {1553-7358}, journal = {PLoS computational biology}, number = {5}, pages = {e1012868}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, title = {{Colonization times in Moran process on graphs}}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012868}, volume = {21}, year = {2025}, } @article{19703, abstract = {An enlarged brain underlies the complex central nervous system of vertebrates. The dramatic expansion of the brain that diverges its shape from the spinal cord follows neural tube closure during embryonic development. Here, we show that this differential deformation is encoded by a pre-pattern of tissue material properties in chicken embryos. Using magnetic droplets and atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate that the dorsal hindbrain is more fluid than the dorsal spinal cord, resulting in a thinning versus a resisting response to increasing lumen pressure, respectively. The dorsal hindbrain exhibits reduced apical actin and a disorganized laminin matrix consistent with tissue fluidization. Blocking the activity of neural-crest-associated matrix metalloproteinases inhibits hindbrain expansion. Transplanting dorsal hindbrain cells to the spinal cord can locally create an expanded brain-like morphology in some cases. Our findings raise questions in vertebrate head evolution and suggest a general role of mechanical pre-patterning in sculpting epithelial tubes.}, author = {Mclaren, Susannah B.P. and Xue, Shi-lei and Ding, Siyuan and Winkel, Alexander K. and Baldwin, Oscar and Dwarakacherla, Shreya and Franze, Kristian and Hannezo, Edouard B and Xiong, Fengzhu}, issn = {1878-1551}, journal = {Developmental Cell}, number = {17}, pages = {2237--2247.e4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Differential tissue deformability underlies fluid pressure-driven shape divergence of the avian embryonic brain and spinal cord}}, doi = {10.1016/j.devcel.2025.04.010}, volume = {60}, year = {2025}, } @article{19705, abstract = {A maximal realization of the two-dimensional Pauli operator, subject to Aharonov–Bohm magnetic field, is investigated. Contrary to the case of the Pauli operator with regular magnetic potentials, it is shown that both components of the Pauli operator are critical. Asymptotics of the weakly coupled eigenvalues, generated by electric (not necessarily self-adjoint) perturbations, are derived.}, author = {Fialova, Marie and Krejčiřík, David}, issn = {1793-6659}, journal = {Reviews in Mathematical Physics}, number = {6}, publisher = {World Scientific Publishing}, title = {{Virtual bound states of the Pauli operator with an Aharonov–Bohm potential}}, doi = {10.1142/S0129055X25500114}, volume = {37}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{19712, abstract = {We study recent algebraic attacks (Briaud-Øygarden EC’23) on the Regular Syndrome Decoding (RSD) problem and the assumptions underlying the correctness of their attacks’ complexity estimates. By relating these assumptions to interesting algebraic-combinatorial problems, we prove that they do not hold in full generality. However, we show that they are (asymptotically) true for most parameter sets, supporting the soundness of algebraic attacks on RSD. Further, we prove—without any heuristics or assumptions—that RSD can be broken in polynomial time whenever the number of error blocks times the square of the size of error blocks is larger than 2 times the square of the dimension of the code. Additionally, we use our methodology to attack a variant of the Learning With Errors problem where each error term lies in a fixed set of constant size. We prove that this problem can be broken in polynomial time, given a sufficient number of samples. This result improves on the seminal work by Arora and Ge (ICALP’11), as the attack’s time complexity is independent of the LWE modulus.}, author = {Cueto Noval, Miguel and Merz, Simon-Philipp and Stählin, Patrick and Ünal, Akin}, booktitle = {44th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques}, isbn = {9783031910944}, issn = {1611-3349}, location = {Madrid, Spain}, pages = {385--415}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{On the soundness of algebraic attacks against code-based assumptions}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-91095-1_14}, volume = {15606}, year = {2025}, }