@article{3072, abstract = {Development of plants and their adaptive capacity towards ever‐changing environmental conditions largely depend on the spatial distribution of the plant hormone auxin. At the cellular level, various internal and external signals are translated into specific changes in the polar, subcellular localization of auxin transporters from the PIN family thereby directing and redirecting the intercellular fluxes of auxin. The current model of polar targeting of PIN proteins towards different plasma membrane domains encompasses apolar secretion of newly synthesized PINs followed by endocytosis and recycling back to the plasma membrane in a polarized manner. In this review, we follow the subcellular march of the PINs and highlight the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind polar foraging and subcellular trafficking pathways. Also, the entry points for different signals and regulations including by auxin itself will be discussed within the context of morphological and developmental consequences of polar targeting and subcellular trafficking.}, author = {Grunewald, Wim and Friml, Jirí}, journal = {EMBO Journal}, number = {16}, pages = {2700 -- 2714}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, title = {{The march of the PINs: Developmental plasticity by dynamic polar targeting in plant cells}}, doi = {10.1038/emboj.2010.181}, volume = {29}, year = {2010}, } @article{3073, abstract = {Polar membrane cargo delivery is crucial for establishing cell polarity and for directional transport processes. In plants, polar trafficking mediates the dynamic asymmetric distribution of PIN FORMED (PIN) carriers, which drive polar cell-to-cell transport of the hormone auxin, thereby generating auxin maxima and minima that control development. The Arabidopsis PINOID (PID) protein kinase instructs apical PIN localization by phosphorylating PINs. Here, we identified the PID homologs WAG1 and WAG2 as new PIN polarity regulators. We show that the AGC3 kinases PID, WAG1 and WAG2, and not other plant AGC kinases, instruct recruitment of PINs into the apical recycling pathway by phosphorylating the middle serine in three conserved TPRXS(N/S) motifs within the PIN central hydrophilic loop. Our results put forward a model by which apolarly localized PID, WAG1 and WAG2 phosphorylate PINs at the plasma membrane after default non-polar PIN secretion, and trigger endocytosis-dependent apical PIN recycling. This phosphorylation-triggered apical PIN recycling competes with ARF-GEF GNOM-dependent basal recycling to promote apical PIN localization. In planta, expression domains of PID, WAG1 and WAG2 correlate with apical localization of PINs in those cell types, indicating the importance of these kinases for apical PIN localization. Our data show that by directing polar PIN localization and PIN-mediated polar auxin transport, the three AGC3 kinases redundantly regulate cotyledon development, root meristem size and gravitropic response, indicating their involvement in both programmed and adaptive plant development.}, author = {Dhonukshe, Pankaj and Huang, Fang and Galván Ampudia, Carlos and Mähönen, Ari and Kleine Vehn, Jürgen and Xu, Jian and Quint, Ab and Prasad, Kalika and Friml, Jiřĺ and Scheres, Ben and Offringa, Remko}, journal = {Development}, number = {19}, pages = {3245 -- 3255}, publisher = {Company of Biologists}, title = {{Plasma membrane-bound AGC3 kinases phosphorylate PIN auxin carriers at TPRXS(N/S) motifs to direct apical PIN recycling}}, doi = {10.1242/dev.052456}, volume = {137}, year = {2010}, } @article{3074, abstract = {Auxin is an essential phytohormone that regulates many aspects of plant development. To identify new genes that function in auxin signaling, we performed a genetic screen for Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with an alteration in the expression of the auxin-responsive reporter DR5rev:GFP (for green fluorescent protein). One of the mutants recovered in this screen, called weak auxin response1 (wxr1), has a defect in auxin response and exhibits a variety of auxin-related growth defects in the root. Polar auxin transport is reduced in wxr1 seedlings, resulting in auxin accumulation in the hypocotyl and cotyledons and a reduction in auxin levels in the root apex. In addition, the levels of the PIN auxin transport proteins are reduced in the wxr1 root. We also show that WXR1 is ROOT UV-B SENSITIVE2 (RUS2), a member of the broadly conserved DUF647 domain protein family found in diverse eukaryotic organisms. Our data indicate that RUS2/WXR1 is required for auxin transport and to maintain the normal levels of PIN proteins in the root.}, author = {Ge, Lei and Peer, Wendy A and Robert, Stéphanie and Swarup, Ranjan and Ye, Songqing and Prigge, Michael J and Cohen, Jerry D and Jirí Friml and Murphy, Angus S and Tang, Ding and Estelle, Mark A}, journal = {Plant Cell}, number = {6}, pages = {1749 -- 1761}, publisher = {American Society of Plant Biologists}, title = {{Arabidopsis ROOT UVB SENSITIVE2 WEAK AUXIN RESPONSE1 is required for polar auxin transport}}, doi = {10.1105/tpc.110.074195}, volume = {22}, year = {2010}, } @article{3075, abstract = { Spatial distribution of the plant hormone auxin regulates multiple aspects of plant development. These self-regulating auxin gradients are established by the action of PIN auxin transporters, whose activity is regulated by their constitutive cycling between the plasma membrane and endosomes. Here, we show that auxin signaling by the auxin receptor AUXIN-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (ABP1) inhibits the clathrin-mediated internalization of PIN proteins. ABP1 acts as a positive factor in clathrin recruitment to the plasma membrane, thereby promoting endocytosis. Auxin binding to ABP1 interferes with this action and leads to the inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Our study demonstrates that ABP1 mediates a nontranscriptional auxin signaling that regulates the evolutionarily conserved process of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and suggests that this signaling may be essential for the developmentally important feedback of auxin on its own transport.}, author = {Robert, Stéphanie and Kleine-Vehn, Jürgen and Barbez, Elke and Sauer, Michael and Paciorek, Tomasz and Pawel Baster and Vanneste, Steffen and Zhang, Jing and Sibu Simon and Čovanová, Milada and Hayashi, Kenichiro and Dhonukshe, Pankaj and Yang, Zhenbiao and Bednarek, Sebastian Y and Jones, Alan M and Luschnig, Christian and Aniento, Fernando and Zažímalová, Eva and Jirí Friml}, journal = {Cell}, number = {1}, pages = {111 -- 121}, publisher = {Cell Press}, title = {{ABP1 mediates auxin inhibition of clathrin-dependent endocytosis in Arabidopsis}}, doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2010.09.027}, volume = {143}, year = {2010}, } @article{3076, abstract = {Auxin is a multifunctional hormone essential for plant development and pattern formation. A nuclear auxin-signaling system controlling auxin-induced gene expression is well established, but cytoplasmic auxin signaling, as in its coordination of cell polarization, is unexplored. We found a cytoplasmic auxin-signaling mechanism that modulates the interdigitated growth of Arabidopsis leaf epidermal pavement cells (PCs), which develop interdigitated lobes and indentations to form a puzzle-piece shape in a two-dimensional plane. PC interdigitation is compromised in leaves deficient in either auxin biosynthesis or its export mediated by PINFORMED 1 localized at the lobe tip. Auxin coordinately activates two Rho GTPases, ROP2 and ROP6, which promote the formation of complementary lobes and indentations, respectively. Activation of these ROPs by auxin occurs within 30 s and depends on AUXIN-BINDING PROTEIN 1. These findings reveal Rho GTPase-based auxin-signaling mechanisms, which modulate the spatial coordination of cell expansion across a field of cells.}, author = {Xu, Tongda and Wen, Mingzhang and Nagawa, Shingo and Fu, Ying and Chen, Jin-Gui and Wu, Ming-Jing and Perrot-Rechenmann, Catherine and Jirí Friml and Jones, Alan M and Yang, Zhenbiao}, journal = {Cell}, number = {1}, pages = {99 -- 110}, publisher = {Cell Press}, title = {{Cell surface- and Rho GTPase-based auxin signaling controls cellular interdigitation in Arabidopsis}}, doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2010.09.003}, volume = {143}, year = {2010}, } @article{3077, author = {Friml, Jirí and Jones, Angharad}, journal = {Plant Physiology}, number = {2}, pages = {458 -- 462}, publisher = {American Society of Plant Biologists}, title = {{Endoplasmic reticulum: The rising compartment in auxin biology}}, doi = {10.1104/pp.110.161380}, volume = {154}, year = {2010}, } @inbook{3078, abstract = {Rapid advances in the field of plant biology, especially in plant cell biology, have created the need for methods that allow the localization of proteins in situ at subcellular resolution. Although in many cases recombinant proteins with fluorescent proteins can fulfill this task, antibody-based immunological detection of proteins is a complementary technique, which avoids the risk of inducing side effects by a fusion protein, such as misexpression, mistargeting, altered stability, or toxicity. Moreover, recombinant protein techniques are applicable only to a rather limited set of model plants. The immunolocalization protocols presented here can be used to display protein localization patterns in different tissues of various plant species. This chapter describes a whole mount immunolocalization protocol, which has been extensively used in Arabidopsis roots and some above-ground tissues, and that also works in other species. Additionally, for bulky or hard tissue types, a variation of this protocol for paraffin-embedded sections is given.}, author = {Sauer, Michael and Jirí Friml}, booktitle = {Plant Developmental Biology}, editor = {Hennig, Lars and Köhler, Claudia}, pages = {253 -- 263}, publisher = {Humana Press}, title = {{Immunolocalization of proteins in plants }}, doi = {10.1007/978-1-60761-765-5_17}, volume = {655}, year = {2010}, } @article{3079, abstract = {Plant development is exceptionally flexible as manifested by its potential for organogenesis and regeneration, which are processes involving rearrangements of tissue polarities. Fundamental questions concern how individual cells can polarize in a coordinated manner to integrate into the multicellular context. In canalization models, the signaling molecule auxin acts as a polarizing cue, and feedback on the intercellular auxin flow is key for synchronized polarity rearrangements. We provide a novel mechanistic framework for canalization, based on up-to-date experimental data and minimal, biologically plausible assumptions. Our model combines the intracellular auxin signaling for expression of PINFORMED (PIN) auxin transporters and the theoretical postulation of extracellular auxin signaling for modulation of PIN subcellular dynamics. Computer simulations faithfully and robustly recapitulated the experimentally observed patterns of tissue polarity and asymmetric auxin distribution during formation and regeneration of vascular systems and during the competitive regulation of shoot branching by apical dominance. Additionally, our model generated new predictions that could be experimentally validated, highlighting a mechanistically conceivable explanation for the PIN polarization and canalization of the auxin flow in plants.}, author = {Krzysztof Wabnik and Kleine-Vehn, Jürgen and Balla, Jozef and Sauer, Michael and Naramoto, Satoshi and Reinöhl, Vilém and Merks, Roeland M and Govaerts, Willy J and Jirí Friml}, journal = {Molecular Systems Biology}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, title = {{Emergence of tissue polarization from synergy of intracellular and extracellular auxin signaling}}, doi = {10.1038/msb.2010.103}, volume = {6}, year = {2010}, } @article{3080, abstract = {Auxin is an essential plant-specific regulator of patterning processes that also controls directional growth of roots and shoots. In response to gravity stimulation, the PIN3 auxin transporter polarizes to the bottomside of gravity-sensing root cells, presumably redirecting the auxin flux toward the lower side of the root and triggering gravitropic bending. By combining live-cell imaging techniques with pharmacological and genetic approaches, we demonstrate that PIN3 polarization does not require secretion of de novo synthesized proteins or protein degradation, but instead involves rapid, transient stimulation of PIN endocytosis, presumably via a clathrin-dependent pathway. Moreover, gravity-induced PIN3 polarization requires the activity of the guanine nucleotide exchange factors for ARF GTPases (ARF-GEF) GNOM-dependent polar-targeting path-ways and might involve endosome-based PIN3 translocation from one cell side to another. Our data suggest that gravity perception acts at several instances of PIN3 trafficking, ultimately leading to the polarization of PIN3, which presumably aligns auxin fluxes with gravity vector and mediates downstream root gravitropic response.}, author = {Kleine-Vehn, Jürgen and Ding, Zhaojun and Jones, Angharad R and Tasaka, Masao and Morita, Miyo T and Jirí Friml}, journal = {PNAS}, number = {51}, pages = {22344 -- 22349}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Gravity induced PIN transcytosis for polarization of auxin fluxes in gravity sensing root cells}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1013145107}, volume = {107}, year = {2010}, } @article{3081, abstract = {Endocytosis is crucial for various cellular functions and development of multicellular organisms. In mammals and yeast, ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPases, key components of vesicle formation, and their regulators ARF-guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and ARF-GTPase-activating protein (GAPs) mediate endocytosis. A similar role has not been established in plants,mainly because of the lack of the canonical ARF and ARF-GEF components that are involved in endocytosis in other eukaryotes. In this study, we revealed a regulatory mechanism of endocytosis in plants based on ARF GTPase activity.Weidentified that ARF-GEFGNOMand ARF-GAP VASCULAR NETWORK DEFECTIVE 3 (VAN3), both of which are involved in polar auxin transport-dependent morphogenesis, localize at the plasma membranes as well as in intracellular structures. Variable angle epifluorescence microscopy revealed that GNOM and VAN3 localize to partially overlapping discrete foci at the plasmamembranes that are regularly associated with the endocytic vesicle coat clathrin. Genetic studies revealed that GNOM and VAN3 activities are required for endocytosis and internalization of plasma membrane proteins, including PIN-FORMED auxin transporters. These findings identified ARF GTPase-based regulatory mechanisms for endocytosis in plants. GNOMand VAN3 previously were proposed to function solely at the recycling endosomes and trans-Golgi networks, respectively. Therefore our findings uncovered an additional cellular function of these prominent developmental regulators.}, author = {Naramoto, Satoshi and Kleine-Vehn, Jürgen and Robert, Stéphanie and Fujimoto, Masaru and Dainobu, Tomoko and Paciorek, Tomasz and Ueda, Takashi and Nakano, Akihiko and Van Montagu, Marc C and Fukuda, Hiroo and Jirí Friml}, journal = {PNAS}, number = {50}, pages = {21890 -- 21895}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{ADP ribosylation factor machinery mediates endocytosis in plant cells}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1016260107}, volume = {107}, year = {2010}, } @article{12199, abstract = {The four microsporangia of the flowering plant anther develop from archesporial cells in the L2 of the primordium. Within each microsporangium, developing microsporocytes are surrounded by concentric monolayers of tapetal, middle layer and endothecial cells. How this intricate array of tissues, each containing relatively few cells, is established in an organ possessing no formal meristems is poorly understood. We describe here the pivotal role of the LRR receptor kinase EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTES 1 (EMS1) in forming the monolayer of tapetal nurse cells in Arabidopsis. Unusually for plants, tapetal cells are specified very early in development, and are subsequently stimulated to proliferate by a receptor-like kinase (RLK) complex that includes EMS1. Mutations in members of this EMS1 signalling complex and its putative ligand result in male-sterile plants in which tapetal initials fail to proliferate. Surprisingly, these cells continue to develop, isolated at the locular periphery. Mutant and wild-type microsporangia expand at similar rates and the ‘tapetal’ space at the periphery of mutant locules becomes occupied by microsporocytes. However, induction of late expression of EMS1 in the few tapetal initials in ems1 plants results in their proliferation to generate a functional tapetum, and this proliferation suppresses microsporocyte number. Our experiments also show that integrity of the tapetal monolayer is crucial for the maintenance of the polarity of divisions within it. This unexpected autonomy of the tapetal ‘lineage’ is discussed in the context of tissue development in complex plant organs, where constancy in size, shape and cell number is crucial.}, author = {Feng, Xiaoqi and Dickinson, Hugh G.}, issn = {1477-9129}, journal = {Development}, keywords = {Developmental Biology, Molecular Biology, Anther Tapetum, Arabidopsis, Cell Fate Establishment, EMS1, Reproductive Cell Lineage}, number = {14}, pages = {2409--2416}, publisher = {The Company of Biologists}, title = {{Tapetal cell fate, lineage and proliferation in the Arabidopsis anther}}, doi = {10.1242/dev.049320}, volume = {137}, year = {2010}, } @article{12200, abstract = {Key steps in the evolution of the angiosperm anther include the patterning of the concentrically organized microsporangium and the incorporation of four such microsporangia into a leaf-like structure. Mutant studies in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana are leading to an increasingly accurate picture of (i) the cell lineages culminating in the different cell types present in the microsporangium (the microsporocytes, the tapetum, and the middle and endothecial layers), and (ii) some of the genes responsible for specifying their fates. However, the processes that confer polarity on the developing anther and position the microsporangia within it remain unclear. Certainly, data from a range of experimental strategies suggest that hormones play a central role in establishing polarity and the patterning of the anther initial, and may be responsible for locating the microsporangia. But the fact that microsporangia were originally positioned externally suggests that their development is likely to be autonomous, perhaps with the reproductive cells generating signals controlling the growth and division of the investing anther epidermis. These possibilities are discussed in the context of the expression of genes which initiate and maintain male and female reproductive development, and in the perspective of our current views of anther evolution.}, author = {Feng, Xiaoqi and Dickinson, Hugh G.}, issn = {0300-5127}, journal = {Biochemical Society Transactions}, keywords = {Biochemistry, Anther Development, Arabidopsis, Cell Fate, Microsporangium, Polarity, Receptor Kinase}, number = {2}, pages = {571--576}, publisher = {Portland Press Ltd.}, title = {{Cell–cell interactions during patterning of the Arabidopsis anther}}, doi = {10.1042/bst0380571}, volume = {38}, year = {2010}, } @article{12653, abstract = {Daily streamflow from stations close to five Swiss glaciers is analyzed for trends with the Mann-Kendall test. We consider a common period of record (1974–2004) and longer periods based on data availability. The trend statistical significance is tested on annual and seasonal bases. We also examine changes in precipitation, temperature, and snow cover characteristics. Highly glacierized basins show statistically significant positive trends in annual streamflow caused by increasing streamflow in spring and summer. Trends are more numerous and stronger at lower and mid than at the upper quantiles. The basin characterized by lower glacier coverage, conversely, does not exhibit consistently statistically significant trends. Changes in precipitation are not sufficient to explain the observed streamflow trends. Air temperature sees an increase in mean, minimum, and maximum values at all sites. Variations in the seasonal snow accumulation and ablation process are evident. Solid precipitation is decreasing at all sites and trends may be due to a shift from snowfall into rainfall. Mean snow depth is also decreasing, and its duration is getting shorter because of a decrease in solid precipitation and enhanced melting. Trend magnitude attenuates with longer time series. Contrasting trends are detected for different subperiods in the last 70 years: statistically significant negative trends are observed in the periods 1944–1974 and 1954–1984 for Aletschgletscher, in contrast with the results for the common period. These trends are explained by different rates of ice volume changes, and the sign of trends is clearly related to phases of positive or negative glacier mass balance.}, author = {Pellicciotti, Francesca and Bauder, A. and Parola, M.}, issn = {1944-7973}, journal = {Water Resources Research}, keywords = {Water Science and Technology}, number = {10}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, title = {{Effect of glaciers on streamflow trends in the Swiss Alps}}, doi = {10.1029/2009wr009039}, volume = {46}, year = {2010}, } @article{1300, abstract = {Motion vision is a major function of all visual systems, yet the underlying neural mechanisms and circuits are still elusive. In the lamina, the first optic neuropile of Drosophila melanogaster, photoreceptor signals split into five parallel pathways, L1-L5. Here we examine how these pathways contribute to visual motion detection by combining genetic block and reconstitution of neural activity in different lamina cell types with whole-cell recordings from downstream motion-sensitive neurons. We find reduced responses to moving gratings if L1 or L2 is blocked; however, reconstitution of photoreceptor input to only L1 or L2 results in wild-type responses. Thus, the first experiment indicates the necessity of both pathways, whereas the second indicates sufficiency of each single pathway. This contradiction can be explained by electrical coupling between L1 and L2, allowing for activation of both pathways even when only one of them receives photoreceptor input. A fundamental difference between the L1 pathway and the L2 pathway is uncovered when blocking L1 or L2 output while presenting moving edges of positive (ON) or negative (OFF) contrast polarity: blocking L1 eliminates the response to moving ON edges, whereas blocking L2 eliminates the response to moving OFF edges. Thus, similar to the segregation of photoreceptor signals in ON and OFF bipolar cell pathways in the vertebrate retina, photoreceptor signals segregate into ON-L1 and OFF-L2 channels in the lamina of Drosophila.}, author = {Maximilian Jösch and Schnell, Bettina and Raghu, Shamprasad V and Reiff, Dierk F and Borst, Alexander}, journal = {Nature}, number = {7321}, pages = {300 -- 304}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, title = {{ON and off pathways in Drosophila motion vision}}, doi = {10.1038/nature09545}, volume = {468}, year = {2010}, } @article{1301, abstract = {Motion vision is essential for navigating through the environment. Due to its genetic amenability, the fruit fly Drosophila has been serving for a lengthy period as a model organism for studying optomotor behavior as elicited by large-field horizontal motion. However, the neurons underlying the control of this behavior have not been studied in Drosophila so far. Here we report the first whole cell recordings from three cells of the horizontal system (HSN, HSE, and HSS) in the lobula plate of Drosophila. All three HS cells are tuned to large-field horizontal motion in a direction-selective way; they become excited by front-to-back motion and inhibited by back-to-front motion in the ipsilateral field of view. The response properties of HS cells such as contrast and velocity dependence are in accordance with the correlation-type model of motion detection. Neurobiotin injection suggests extensive coupling among ipsilateral HS cells and additional coupling to tangential cells that have their dendrites in the contralateral hemisphere of the brain. This connectivity scheme accounts for the complex layout of their receptive fields and explains their sensitivity both to ipsilateral and to contralateral motion. Thus the main response properties of Drosophila HS cells are strikingly similar to the responses of their counterparts in the blowfly Calliphora, although we found substantial differences with respect to their dendritic structure and connectivity. This long-awaited functional characterization of HS cells in Drosophila provides the basis for the future dissection of optomotor behavior and the underlying neural circuitry by combining genetics, physiology, and behavior.}, author = {Schnell, Bettina and Jösch, Maximilian A and Förstner, Friedrich and Raghu, Shamprasad and Otsuna, Hideo and Ito, Kei and Borst, Alexander and Reiff, Dierk}, issn = {1522-1598}, journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology}, number = {3}, pages = {1646 -- 1657}, publisher = {American Physiological Society}, title = {{Processing of horizontal optic flow in three visual interneurons of the Drosophila brain}}, doi = {10.1152/jn.00950.2009}, volume = {103}, year = {2010}, } @article{2095, abstract = {This paper describes a passive stereo system for capturing the 3D geometry of a face in a single-shot under standard light sources. The system is low-cost and easy to deploy. Results are submillimeter accurate and commensurate with those from state-ofthe-art systems based on active lighting, and the models meet the quality requirements of a demanding domain like the movie industry. Recovered models are shown for captures from both high-end cameras in a studio setting and from a consumer binocular-stereo camera, demonstrating scalability across a spectrum of camera deployments, and showing the potential for 3D face modeling to move beyond the professional arena and into the emerging consumer market in stereoscopic photography. Our primary technical contribution is a modification of standard stereo refinement methods to capture pore-scale geometry, using a qualitative approach that produces visually realistic results. The second technical contribution is a calibration method suited to face capture systems. The systemic contribution includes multiple demonstrations of system robustness and quality. These include capture in a studio setup, capture off a consumer binocular-stereo camera, scanning of faces of varying gender and ethnicity and age, capture of highly-transient facial expression, and scanning a physical mask to provide ground-truth validation.}, author = {Beeler, Thabo and Bernd Bickel and Beardsley, Paul A and Sumner, Bob and Groß, Markus S}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Graphics}, number = {4}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {{High-quality single-shot capture of facial geometry}}, doi = {10.1145/1778765.1778777}, volume = {29}, year = {2010}, } @article{2096, abstract = {Point-based graphics has gained much attention as an alternative to polygon-based approaches because of its simplicity and flexibility. However, current point-based techniques do not provide a sufficient rendering quality for translucent materials such as human skin. In this paper, we propose a point-based framework with subsurface scattering of light, which is important to create the soft and semi-translucent appearance of human skin. To accurately simulate subsurface scattering in multilayered materials, we present splat-based diffusion to apply a linear combination of several Gaussian basis functions to each splat in object space. Compared to existing point-based approaches, our method offers a significantly improved visual quality in rendering human faces and provides a similar visual quality to polygon-based rendering using the texture space diffusion technique. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in rendering scanned faces realistically.}, author = {Kim, Hyeonjoong and Bernd Bickel and Groß, Markus S and Choi, Soomi}, journal = {Science in China, Series F: Information Sciences}, number = {5}, pages = {911 -- 919}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{Subsurface scattering using splat-based diffusion in point-based rendering}}, doi = {10.1007/s11432-010-0068-y}, volume = {53}, year = {2010}, } @article{2097, abstract = {This paper introduces a data-driven process for designing and fabricating materials with desired deformation behavior. Our process starts with measuring deformation properties of base materials. For each base material we acquire a set of example deformations, and we represent the material as a non-linear stress-strain relationship in a finite-element model. We have validated our material measurement process by comparing simulations of arbitrary stacks of base materials with measured deformations of fabricated material stacks. After material measurement, our process continues with designing stacked layers of base materials. We introduce an optimization process that finds the best combination of stacked layers that meets a user's criteria specified by example deformations. Our algorithm employs a number of strategies to prune poor solutions from the combinatorial search space. We demonstrate the complete process by designing and fabricating objects with complex heterogeneous materials using modern multi-material 3D printers.}, author = {Bernd Bickel and Bac̈her, Moritz and Otaduy, Miguel A and Lee, Hyunho R and Pfister, Hanspeter and Groß, Markus S and Matusik, Wojciech}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Graphics}, number = {4}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {{Design and fabrication of materials with desired deformation behavior}}, doi = {10.1145/1778765.1778800}, volume = {29}, year = {2010}, } @article{2124, abstract = {We develop a theory of Malliavin calculus for Banach space-valued random variables. Using radonifying operators instead of symmetric tensor products we extend the Wiener-Itô isometry to Banach spaces. In the white noise case we obtain two sided Lp-estimates for multiple stochastic integrals in arbitrary Banach spaces. It is shown that the Malliavin derivative is bounded on vector-valued Wiener-Itô chaoses. Our main tools are decoupling inequalities for vector-valued random variables. In the opposite direction we use Meyer's inequalities to give a new proof of a decoupling result for Gaussian chaoses in UMD Banach spaces.}, author = {Jan Maas}, journal = {Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications}, number = {2}, pages = {383 -- 398}, publisher = {Academic Press}, title = {{Malliavin calculus and decoupling inequalities in Banach spaces}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmaa.2009.08.041}, volume = {363}, year = {2010}, } @article{2194, abstract = {We develop an analytic model of vector correlations in rotationally inelastic atom-diatom collisions and test it against the much examined Ar-NO (X2Π) system. Based on the Fraunhofer scattering of matter waves, the model furnishes complex scattering amplitudes needed to evaluate the polarization moments characterizing the quantum stereodynamics. The analytic polarization moments are found to be in an excellent agreement with experimental results and with close-coupling calculations available at thermal energies. The model reveals that the stereodynamics is governed by diffraction from the repulsive core of the Ar-NO potential, which can be characterized by a single Legendre moment.}, author = {Mikhail Lemeshko and Friedrich, Břetislav}, journal = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics}, number = {5}, pages = {1038 -- 1041}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, title = {{An analytic model of the stereodynamics of rotationally inelastic molecular collisions}}, doi = {10.1039/B920899B }, volume = {12}, year = {2010}, }