[{"file_date_updated":"2026-03-02T14:11:14Z","date_published":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","year":"2026","date_created":"2026-03-02T10:08:38Z","acknowledgement":"N.S.G. is the incumbent of the Lee and William Abramowitz Professorial Chair of Biophysics (Weizmann Institute), and acknowledges support from the Royal Society Wolfson Visiting Fellowship, and Human Frontier Science Program grant RGP0032/2022. Work by M.S., I.W., G.R. and A.G. was supported by the Leverhulme Trust (grant RPG-2021-226) and the European Research Council (ERC) under the Horizon 2020 program and UKRI, Grant agreement No.\r\nEP/Y02799X/1. M.S. and I.d.V acknowledge support by the European Research Council (grant ERC-SyG 101071793 to M.S). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and\r\nanalysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"2","oa":1,"intvolume":"        22","abstract":[{"text":"Cell migration in vivo is often guided by chemical signaling, i.e., chemotaxis. For immune cells performing chemotaxis in the organism, this process is influenced by the complex geometry of the tissue environment. In this study, we use a theoretical model of branched cell migration on a network to explore the cellular response to chemical gradients. The model predicts the response of a branched cell to a chemical gradient: how the cell reorients its internal polarity and how it navigates through a complex environment up a chemical gradient. We then compare the model’s predictions with experimental observations of neutrophils migrating to the site of a laser-inflicted wound in a zebrafish larva fin, and neutrophils migrating in vitro inside a regular lattice of pillars. We find that the model captures the details of the subcellular response to the chemokine gradient, as well as qualitative characteristics of the large-scale migration, suggesting that the neutrophils behave as fast cells, which explains the functionality of these immune cells.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"02","volume":22,"DOAJ_listed":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","project":[{"grant_number":"101071793","name":"Pushing from within: Control of cell shape, integrity and motility by cytoskeletal pushing forces","_id":"bd91e723-d553-11ed-ba76-fe7eeb2185fd"}],"external_id":{"pmid":["41632822"]},"publication_status":"published","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_number":"e1013934","pmid":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Liu, Jiayi","last_name":"Liu","first_name":"Jiayi"},{"last_name":"Ron","first_name":"Jonathan E.","full_name":"Ron, Jonathan E."},{"full_name":"Rinaldi, Giulia","first_name":"Giulia","last_name":"Rinaldi"},{"last_name":"Williantarra","first_name":"Ivanna","full_name":"Williantarra, Ivanna"},{"full_name":"Georgantzoglou, Antonios","first_name":"Antonios","last_name":"Georgantzoglou"},{"full_name":"de Vries, Ingrid","id":"4C7D837E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Ingrid","last_name":"de Vries"},{"last_name":"Sixt","first_name":"Michael K","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","full_name":"Sixt, Michael K"},{"first_name":"Milka","last_name":"Sarris","full_name":"Sarris, Milka"},{"last_name":"Gov","first_name":"Nir S.","full_name":"Gov, Nir S."}],"OA_place":"publisher","title":"Modelling chemotaxis of branched cells in complex environments provides insights into immune cell navigation","_id":"21384","has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"PLOS Computational Biology","citation":{"short":"J. Liu, J.E. Ron, G. Rinaldi, I. Williantarra, A. Georgantzoglou, I. de Vries, M.K. Sixt, M. Sarris, N.S. Gov, PLOS Computational Biology 22 (2026).","chicago":"Liu, Jiayi, Jonathan E. Ron, Giulia Rinaldi, Ivanna Williantarra, Antonios Georgantzoglou, Ingrid de Vries, Michael K Sixt, Milka Sarris, and Nir S. Gov. “Modelling Chemotaxis of Branched Cells in Complex Environments Provides Insights into Immune Cell Navigation.” <i>PLOS Computational Biology</i>. Public Library of Science, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013934\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013934</a>.","ista":"Liu J, Ron JE, Rinaldi G, Williantarra I, Georgantzoglou A, de Vries I, Sixt MK, Sarris M, Gov NS. 2026. Modelling chemotaxis of branched cells in complex environments provides insights into immune cell navigation. PLOS Computational Biology. 22(2), e1013934.","ama":"Liu J, Ron JE, Rinaldi G, et al. Modelling chemotaxis of branched cells in complex environments provides insights into immune cell navigation. <i>PLOS Computational Biology</i>. 2026;22(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013934\">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013934</a>","ieee":"J. Liu <i>et al.</i>, “Modelling chemotaxis of branched cells in complex environments provides insights into immune cell navigation,” <i>PLOS Computational Biology</i>, vol. 22, no. 2. Public Library of Science, 2026.","mla":"Liu, Jiayi, et al. “Modelling Chemotaxis of Branched Cells in Complex Environments Provides Insights into Immune Cell Navigation.” <i>PLOS Computational Biology</i>, vol. 22, no. 2, e1013934, Public Library of Science, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013934\">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013934</a>.","apa":"Liu, J., Ron, J. E., Rinaldi, G., Williantarra, I., Georgantzoglou, A., de Vries, I., … Gov, N. S. (2026). Modelling chemotaxis of branched cells in complex environments provides insights into immune cell navigation. <i>PLOS Computational Biology</i>. Public Library of Science. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013934\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013934</a>"},"file":[{"file_name":"2026_PloSCompBio_.pdf","date_updated":"2026-03-02T14:11:14Z","success":1,"file_id":"21388","checksum":"564041089e7334804ad3cade973f80b4","creator":"dernst","file_size":20688452,"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-03-02T14:11:14Z","access_level":"open_access"}],"department":[{"_id":"MiSi"}],"publisher":"Public Library of Science","day":"03","date_updated":"2026-03-02T14:12:22Z","OA_type":"gold","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013934","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1553-7358"]},"quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"Yes","ddc":["570"]},{"OA_type":"hybrid","date_updated":"2026-03-02T14:05:47Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/prm.2026.10123"}],"department":[{"_id":"TiBr"}],"publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publication":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"short":"V. Wang, M. Xu, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics (2026) 1–15.","chicago":"Wang, Victor, and Max Xu. “Average Sizes of Mixed Character Sums.” <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/prm.2026.10123\">https://doi.org/10.1017/prm.2026.10123</a>.","ista":"Wang V, Xu M. 2026. Average sizes of mixed character sums. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics., 1–15.","ama":"Wang V, Xu M. Average sizes of mixed character sums. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics</i>. 2026:1-15. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/prm.2026.10123\">10.1017/prm.2026.10123</a>","ieee":"V. Wang and M. Xu, “Average sizes of mixed character sums,” <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics</i>. Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–15, 2026.","apa":"Wang, V., &#38; Xu, M. (2026). Average sizes of mixed character sums. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/prm.2026.10123\">https://doi.org/10.1017/prm.2026.10123</a>","mla":"Wang, Victor, and Max Xu. “Average Sizes of Mixed Character Sums.” <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2026, pp. 1–15, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/prm.2026.10123\">10.1017/prm.2026.10123</a>."},"_id":"21385","title":"Average sizes of mixed character sums","OA_place":"publisher","ddc":["510"],"arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","type":"journal_article","ec_funded":1,"status":"public","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1473-7124"],"issn":["0308-2105"]},"doi":"10.1017/prm.2026.10123","quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","page":"1-15","month":"01","abstract":[{"text":"We prove that the average size of a mixed character sum (math. formular) (for a suitable smooth function w) is on the order of √x for all irrational real θ satisfying a weak Diophantine condition, where χ is drawn from the family of Dirichlet characters modulo a large prime r and where x 6 r. In contrast, it was proved by Harper that the average size is o(√x) for rational θ. Certain quadratic Diophantine equations play a key role in the present paper. ","lang":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank Ofir Gorodetsky, Andrew Granville, Adam Harper, Youness Lamzouri,\r\nKannan Soundararajan, Ping Xi, and Matt Young for their interest, helpful discussions, and comments. Special thanks are due to Jonathan Bober, Oleksiy Klurman,\r\nand Besfort Shala for sending us a letter about Question 1.3, and to Hung Bui\r\nfor informing us of [7]. V.W. thanks Stanford University for its hospitality and is supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program\r\nunder the Marie Skłodowska–Curie Grant Agreement No. 101034413. M.X. is supported by a Simons Junior Fellowship from the Simons Society of Fellows at the\r\nSimons Foundation.","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2026-03-02T10:09:23Z","date_published":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","year":"2026","author":[{"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-0704-7026","full_name":"Wang, Victor","id":"76096395-aea4-11ed-a680-ab8ebbd3f1b9"},{"last_name":"Xu","first_name":"Max","full_name":"Xu, Max"}],"publication_status":"epub_ahead","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2411.14181"]},"corr_author":"1","project":[{"name":"IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program","grant_number":"101034413","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c"}],"PlanS_conform":"1"},{"oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","page":"160","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"13120","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"21398","status":"public"},{"status":"public","id":"20071","relation":"part_of_dissertation"}],"link":[{"url":"https://github.com/madvorak/duality/tree/v3.5.0","relation":"software","description":"Full version of all definitions, statements, and proofs for Chapter 3.1 (Linear duality)"},{"url":"https://github.com/madvorak/vcsp/tree/v8.2.0","description":"Full version of all definitions, statements, and proofs for Chapter 3.2 (Valued Constraint Satisfaction Problems)","relation":"software"},{"url":"https://github.com/Ivan-Sergeyev/seymour/tree/v1.2.0","relation":"software","description":"Full version of all definitions, statements, and proofs for Chapter 4 (Seymour project)"},{"url":"https://github.com/madvorak/chomsky/tree/v1.2.0","relation":"software","description":"Full version of all definitions, statements, and proofs for Chapter 5 (Theory of grammars)"},{"relation":"software","description":"Old version (Lean 3) of the project about grammars","url":"https://github.com/madvorak/grammars"},{"url":"https://github.com/madvorak/preliminaries/blob/main/Preliminaries.lean","description":"Demonstration of (minimal) requirements for selected algebraic classes used in my Ph.D. thesis","relation":"software"}]},"status":"public","doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-21393","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"],"isbn":["978-3-99078-074-9"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","type":"dissertation","ddc":["511","000"],"degree_awarded":"PhD","_id":"21393","title":"Pursuit of truth and beauty in Lean 4 : Formally verified theory of grammars, optimization, matroids","supervisor":[{"id":"3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Kolmogorov, Vladimir","last_name":"Kolmogorov","first_name":"Vladimir"},{"last_name":"Blanchette","first_name":"Jasmin","full_name":"Blanchette, Jasmin"}],"OA_place":"repository","file":[{"date_updated":"2026-03-04T08:56:15Z","file_name":"2026_Dvorak_Martin_Thesis.pdf","file_id":"21394","checksum":"cface6dc18152680962b5361575f6e4f","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1771231,"creator":"mdvorak","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2026-03-04T08:56:15Z","relation":"main_file"},{"checksum":"290ddfacfb7e07fb07e6f0b334e67c90","file_id":"21395","file_name":"2026_Dvorak_Martin_Thesis.docx","date_updated":"2026-03-04T09:03:37Z","date_created":"2026-03-04T09:03:37Z","relation":"source_file","access_level":"closed","creator":"mdvorak","file_size":864585,"content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"VlKo"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"ieee":"M. Dvorak, “Pursuit of truth and beauty in Lean 4 : Formally verified theory of grammars, optimization, matroids,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","mla":"Dvorak, Martin. <i>Pursuit of Truth and Beauty in Lean 4 : Formally Verified Theory of Grammars, Optimization, Matroids</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21393\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21393</a>.","apa":"Dvorak, M. (2026). <i>Pursuit of truth and beauty in Lean 4 : Formally verified theory of grammars, optimization, matroids</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21393\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21393</a>","ama":"Dvorak M. Pursuit of truth and beauty in Lean 4 : Formally verified theory of grammars, optimization, matroids. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21393\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21393</a>","chicago":"Dvorak, Martin. “Pursuit of Truth and Beauty in Lean 4 : Formally Verified Theory of Grammars, Optimization, Matroids.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21393\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21393</a>.","ista":"Dvorak M. 2026. Pursuit of truth and beauty in Lean 4 : Formally verified theory of grammars, optimization, matroids. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","short":"M. Dvorak, Pursuit of Truth and Beauty in Lean 4 : Formally Verified Theory of Grammars, Optimization, Matroids, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026."},"day":"04","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"date_updated":"2026-03-27T12:37:00Z","publication_status":"published","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"corr_author":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Dvorak, Martin","orcid":"0000-0001-5293-214X","id":"40ED02A8-C8B4-11E9-A9C0-453BE6697425","first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Dvorak"}],"date_created":"2026-03-04T09:26:46Z","date_published":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2026-03-04T09:03:37Z","year":"2026","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"month":"03","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This thesis documents a voyage towards truth and beauty via formal verification of theorems. To this end, we develop libraries in Lean 4 that present definitions and results from diverse areas of MathematiCS (i.e., Mathematics and Computer Science). The aim is to create code that is understandable, believable, useful, and elegant. The code should stand for itself as much as possible without a need for documentation; however, this text redundantly documents our code artifacts and provides additional context that isn’t present in the code. This thesis is written for readers who know Lean 4 but are not familiar with any of the topics presented. We manifest truth and beauty in three formalized areas of MathematiCS.\r\n\r\nWe formalize general grammars in Lean 4 and use grammars to show closure of the class of type-0 languages under four operations; union, reversal, concatenation, and the Kleene star.\r\n\r\nOur second stop is the theory of optimization. Farkas established that a system of linear inequalities has a solution if and only if we cannot obtain a contradiction by taking a linear combination of the inequalities. We state and formally prove several Farkas-like theorems over linearly ordered fields in Lean 4. Furthermore, we extend duality theory to the case when some coefficients are allowed to take “infinite values”. Additionally, we develop the basics of the theory of optimization in terms of the framework called General-Valued Constraint Satisfaction Problems, and we prove that, if a Rational-Valued Constraint Satisfaction Problem template has symmetric fractional polymorphisms of all arities, then its basic LP relaxation is tight.\r\n\r\nOur third stop is matroid theory. Seymour’s decomposition theorem is a hallmark result in matroid theory, presenting a structural characterization of the class of regular matroids. We aim to formally verify Seymour’s theorem in Lean 4. First, we build a library for working with totally unimodular matrices. We define binary matroids and their standard representations, and we prove that they form a matroid in the sense how Mathlib defines matroids. We define regular matroids to be matroids for which there exists a full representation rational matrix that is totally unimodular, and we prove that all regular matroids are binary. We define 1-sum, 2-sum, and 3 sum of binary matroids as specific ways to compose their standard representation matrices. We prove that the 1-sum, the 2-sum, and the 3-sum of regular matroids are a regular matroid, which concludes the composition direction of the Seymour’s theorem. The (more difficult) decomposition direction remains unproved.\r\n\r\nIn the pursuit of truth, we focus on identifying the trusted code in each project and presenting it faithfully. We emphasize the readability and believability of definitions rather than choosing definitions that are easier to work with. In search for beauty, we focus on the philosophical framework of Roger Scruton, who emphasizes that beauty is not a mere decoration but, most importantly, beauty is the means for shaping our place in the world and a source of redemption, where it can be viewed as a substitute for religion."}]},{"date_updated":"2026-03-09T15:14:18Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This document is a blueprint for the formalization in Lean of the structural theory of regular matroids underlying Seymour's decomposition theorem. We present a modular account of regularity via totally unimodular representations, show that regularity is preserved under 1-, 2-, and 3-sums, and establish regularity for several special classes of matroids, including graphic, cographic, and the matroid R10. The blueprint records the logical structure of the proof, the precise dependencies between results, and their correspondence with Lean declarations. It is intended both as a guide for the ongoing formalization effort and as a human-readable reference for the organization of the proof."}],"month":"01","day":"03","citation":{"short":"I. Sergeev, M. Dvorak, C. Rampell, M. Sandey, P. Monticone, ArXiv (n.d.).","chicago":"Sergeev, Ivan, Martin Dvorak, Cameron Rampell, Mark Sandey, and Pietro Monticone. “A Blueprint for the Formalization of Seymour’s Matroid Decomposition Theorem.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.01255\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.01255</a>.","ista":"Sergeev I, Dvorak M, Rampell C, Sandey M, Monticone P. A blueprint for the formalization of Seymour’s matroid decomposition theorem. arXiv, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.01255\">10.48550/arXiv.2601.01255</a>.","ama":"Sergeev I, Dvorak M, Rampell C, Sandey M, Monticone P. A blueprint for the formalization of Seymour’s matroid decomposition theorem. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.01255\">10.48550/arXiv.2601.01255</a>","ieee":"I. Sergeev, M. Dvorak, C. Rampell, M. Sandey, and P. Monticone, “A blueprint for the formalization of Seymour’s matroid decomposition theorem,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","apa":"Sergeev, I., Dvorak, M., Rampell, C., Sandey, M., &#38; Monticone, P. (n.d.). A blueprint for the formalization of Seymour’s matroid decomposition theorem. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.01255\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.01255</a>","mla":"Sergeev, Ivan, et al. “A Blueprint for the Formalization of Seymour’s Matroid Decomposition Theorem.” <i>ArXiv</i>, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.01255\">10.48550/arXiv.2601.01255</a>."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"publication":"arXiv","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"VlKo"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.01255"}],"year":"2026","OA_place":"repository","date_published":"2026-01-03T00:00:00Z","_id":"21400","title":"A blueprint for the formalization of Seymour's matroid decomposition theorem","date_created":"2026-03-04T12:09:26Z","author":[{"last_name":"Sergeev","first_name":"Ivan","id":"ca3c9187-9a72-11ee-a009-8af825d896b0","full_name":"Sergeev, Ivan","orcid":"0009-0004-9145-8785"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-5293-214X","full_name":"Dvorak, Martin","id":"40ED02A8-C8B4-11E9-A9C0-453BE6697425","first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Dvorak"},{"full_name":"Rampell, Cameron","first_name":"Cameron","last_name":"Rampell"},{"last_name":"Sandey","first_name":"Mark","full_name":"Sandey, Mark"},{"first_name":"Pietro","last_name":"Monticone","full_name":"Monticone, Pietro"}],"corr_author":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2601.01255"]},"type":"preprint","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"submitted","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2601.01255","status":"public","page":"18","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://ivan-sergeyev.github.io/seymour/blueprint.pdf","relation":"supplementary_material"}]},"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","oa_version":"Preprint"},{"abstract":[{"text":"Runtime verification offers scalable solutions to improve the safety and reliability of systems. However, systems that require verification or monitoring by a third party to ensure compliance with a specification might contain sensitive information, causing privacy concerns when usual runtime verification approaches are used. Privacy is compromised if protected information about the system, or sensitive data that is processed by the system, is revealed. In addition, revealing the specification being monitored may undermine the essence of third-party verification.\r\n\r\nIn this thesis, we propose a protocol for privacy-preserving runtime verification of systems against formal sequential specifications. We develop the protocol in two steps. In the first step, the monitor verifies whether the system satisfies the specification without learning anything else, though both parties are aware of the specification. In the second step, we extend the protocol to ensure that the system remains oblivious to the monitored specification, while the monitor learns only whether the system satisfies the specification and nothing more. Our protocol adapts and improves existing techniques used in cryptography, and more specifically, multi-party computation.\r\n\r\nThe sequential specification defines the observation step of the monitor, whose granularity depends on the situation (e.g., banks may be monitored on a daily basis). Our protocol exchanges a single message per observation step, after an initialization phase. This design minimizes communication overhead, enabling relatively lightweight privacy-preserving monitoring. We implement our approach for monitoring specifications described by register automata and evaluate it experimentally.\r\n","lang":"eng"}],"month":"03","file_date_updated":"2026-03-10T15:20:09Z","date_published":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","year":"2026","date_created":"2026-03-05T15:20:47Z","acknowledgement":"This work is part of the project VAMOS, which has received funding from the European\r\nResearch Council (ERC) under grant agreement No. 101020093, and the Austrian Science\r\nFund (FWF) SFB project SpyCoDe F8502.\r\n","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"corr_author":"1","publication_status":"published","author":[{"first_name":"Mahyar","last_name":"Karimi","full_name":"Karimi, Mahyar","orcid":"0009-0005-0820-1696","id":"6e5417ba-5355-11ee-ae5a-94c2e510b26b"}],"project":[{"_id":"62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"101020093","name":"Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software"},{"_id":"34a4ce89-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8cc37fb6e11f","grant_number":"F8512","name":"Security and Privacy by Design for Complex Systems"}],"day":"05","alternative_title":["ISTA Master’s Thesis"],"date_updated":"2026-03-13T13:37:20Z","OA_place":"repository","supervisor":[{"last_name":"Henzinger","first_name":"Thomas A","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A"}],"_id":"21401","title":"Privacy-preserving runtime verification","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"ista":"Karimi M. 2026. Privacy-preserving runtime verification. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","chicago":"Karimi, Mahyar. “Privacy-Preserving Runtime Verification.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21401\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21401</a>.","short":"M. Karimi, Privacy-Preserving Runtime Verification, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","apa":"Karimi, M. (2026). <i>Privacy-preserving runtime verification</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21401\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21401</a>","mla":"Karimi, Mahyar. <i>Privacy-Preserving Runtime Verification</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21401\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21401</a>.","ieee":"M. Karimi, “Privacy-preserving runtime verification,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","ama":"Karimi M. Privacy-preserving runtime verification. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21401\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21401</a>"},"keyword":["Privacy-preserving verification","Runtime verification","Monitoring","Reactive functionalities","Cryptographic protocols"],"file":[{"checksum":"3f49f05c9d123e14d7adb73d3bc50fe2","file_id":"21404","file_name":"2026_Karimi_Mahyar_Thesis.pdf","date_updated":"2026-03-10T15:20:09Z","date_created":"2026-03-06T14:06:25Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","creator":"mkarimi","file_size":766048,"content_type":"application/pdf"},{"date_created":"2026-03-06T14:06:25Z","relation":"source_file","access_level":"closed","creator":"mkarimi","file_size":1243394,"content_type":"application/zip","checksum":"8fb9db4b4187e26443369a993427a5ff","file_id":"21405","file_name":"2026_Karimi_Mahyar_Thesis_src.zip","date_updated":"2026-03-06T14:06:25Z"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"ToHe"}],"type":"dissertation","article_processing_charge":"No","ddc":["000"],"degree_awarded":"MS","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","page":"60","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"21020","status":"public"}]},"doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-21401","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2791-4585"]},"ec_funded":1,"status":"public"},{"volume":227,"month":"03","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This preliminary study investigates the trace-element composition of ostracod shells (Ostracoda: Crustacea) as biogenic calcium carbonates in their role as environmental sentinels of pollution. Using high-resolution in-situ analysis, we compared two contrasting coastal systems: the highly urbanized seascape of metropolitan megacity Hong Kong (HKSAR) and the agriculturally dominated waters of rural retreat Jeju Island, Republic of Korea (ROK). The goal was to assess whether anthropogenic stress gradients affect trace element-to‑calcium ratios (E/Ca) in the carapaces of shallow-marine Neonesidea Maddocks, 1969 species. Hereby, the focus is laid on potential differences in the effects of extreme urbanization and extreme agriculturalization. We analyzed 12 trace elements commonly incorporated into ostracod shells using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Only Mn/Ca, Mg/Ca, and Ni/Ca ratios showed strong correlations with specific seawater physicochemical parameters. Notably, Mn/Ca differed significantly between the two sites, seemingly driven mainly by variations in nitrite nitrogen levels. This suggests that Mn incorporation is sensitive to pollution source, urban versus agricultural, though species-specific uptake effects cannot be excluded. No significant differences in elemental uptake were found between adult and A-1 juvenile stages of Neonesidea mutsuensis Ishizaki, 1961 or Neonesidea elegans (Brady, 1969), supporting the use of both age groups in environmental reconstructions and increasing potential sample yields. While remaining empirical and exploratory, our tentative findings suggest that ostracod geochemistry holds promise for marine pollution monitoring and cautiously supports the application of ostracod Mn/Ca ratios to reconstruct anthropogenic, particularly nitrogen-related, impacts in nearshore environments using sediment core records."}],"intvolume":"       227","issue":"6","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank the KIOST staff of the Jeju Marine Research Center for assisting sample collection, the research assistants and students of the Yoon Idea Lab led by Prof. Dr. Tae-Hyun Yoon at Hanyang University for facilitating and assisting in ICP-MS test runs involved in a pilot study preceding this study, Ms. Garance Perrois and Mr. Léonard Pons for assistance with statistics-related questions, and the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. The study described in this article was partially supported by grants from the Brain Pool Program through NRF funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (reference code: 2019H1D3A1A01070922 to ABJ), by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (grant number RS-2024-00406249 to TK), by the Korea Institute of Marine Science and Technology (KIMST), funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (grant number RS-2025-02304432 to TK), and by the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (PEA0404 to TK).","date_created":"2026-03-08T23:01:44Z","date_published":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","year":"2026","author":[{"full_name":"Jöst, Anna B.","last_name":"Jöst","first_name":"Anna B."},{"full_name":"Rodriguez Moreno, Maximiliano J","id":"59bea3b2-8c82-11ef-a41a-af7b0efd9065","first_name":"Maximiliano J","last_name":"Rodriguez Moreno"},{"first_name":"Taihun","last_name":"Kim","full_name":"Kim, Taihun"},{"full_name":"Baker, David M.","first_name":"David M.","last_name":"Baker"},{"full_name":"Yasuhara, Moriaki","first_name":"Moriaki","last_name":"Yasuhara"},{"last_name":"Not","first_name":"Christelle A.","full_name":"Not, Christelle A."},{"first_name":"Ivana","last_name":"Karanovic","full_name":"Karanovic, Ivana"}],"publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"article_number":"119493","external_id":{"pmid":["41774948"]},"OA_type":"closed access","date_updated":"2026-03-09T10:19:45Z","day":"02","department":[{"_id":"FrPe"}],"publisher":"Elsevier","publication":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","citation":{"ista":"Jöst AB, Rodriguez Moreno MJ, Kim T, Baker DM, Yasuhara M, Not CA, Karanovic I. 2026. Ostracod shell chemistry as proxy for coastal marine conditions of a highly urbanized megacity (Hong Kong SAR) and an agro-centric oceanic province (Jeju Island, Republic of Korea) – a preliminary comparative analysis. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 227(6), 119493.","chicago":"Jöst, Anna B., Maximiliano J Rodriguez Moreno, Taihun Kim, David M. Baker, Moriaki Yasuhara, Christelle A. Not, and Ivana Karanovic. “Ostracod Shell Chemistry as Proxy for Coastal Marine Conditions of a Highly Urbanized Megacity (Hong Kong SAR) and an Agro-Centric Oceanic Province (Jeju Island, Republic of Korea) – a Preliminary Comparative Analysis.” <i>Marine Pollution Bulletin</i>. Elsevier, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119493\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119493</a>.","short":"A.B. Jöst, M.J. Rodriguez Moreno, T. Kim, D.M. Baker, M. Yasuhara, C.A. Not, I. Karanovic, Marine Pollution Bulletin 227 (2026).","mla":"Jöst, Anna B., et al. “Ostracod Shell Chemistry as Proxy for Coastal Marine Conditions of a Highly Urbanized Megacity (Hong Kong SAR) and an Agro-Centric Oceanic Province (Jeju Island, Republic of Korea) – a Preliminary Comparative Analysis.” <i>Marine Pollution Bulletin</i>, vol. 227, no. 6, 119493, Elsevier, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119493\">10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119493</a>.","apa":"Jöst, A. B., Rodriguez Moreno, M. J., Kim, T., Baker, D. M., Yasuhara, M., Not, C. A., &#38; Karanovic, I. (2026). Ostracod shell chemistry as proxy for coastal marine conditions of a highly urbanized megacity (Hong Kong SAR) and an agro-centric oceanic province (Jeju Island, Republic of Korea) – a preliminary comparative analysis. <i>Marine Pollution Bulletin</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119493\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119493</a>","ieee":"A. B. Jöst <i>et al.</i>, “Ostracod shell chemistry as proxy for coastal marine conditions of a highly urbanized megacity (Hong Kong SAR) and an agro-centric oceanic province (Jeju Island, Republic of Korea) – a preliminary comparative analysis,” <i>Marine Pollution Bulletin</i>, vol. 227, no. 6. Elsevier, 2026.","ama":"Jöst AB, Rodriguez Moreno MJ, Kim T, et al. Ostracod shell chemistry as proxy for coastal marine conditions of a highly urbanized megacity (Hong Kong SAR) and an agro-centric oceanic province (Jeju Island, Republic of Korea) – a preliminary comparative analysis. <i>Marine Pollution Bulletin</i>. 2026;227(6). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119493\">10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119493</a>"},"_id":"21406","title":"Ostracod shell chemistry as proxy for coastal marine conditions of a highly urbanized megacity (Hong Kong SAR) and an agro-centric oceanic province (Jeju Island, Republic of Korea) – a preliminary comparative analysis","article_processing_charge":"No","type":"journal_article","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["002-5326X"],"eissn":["1879-3363"]},"doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119493","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"None","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","scopus_import":"1"},{"ddc":["500"],"type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","arxiv":1,"quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2367-1726"],"eissn":["2367-1734"]},"doi":"10.1007/s41468-026-00233-3","status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2026-03-09T11:31:29Z","OA_type":"hybrid","day":"01","citation":{"ista":"Edelsbrunner H, Kahle M, Kanazawa S. 2026. Maximum persistent Betti numbers of Čech complexes. Journal of Applied and Computational Topology. 10, 5.","chicago":"Edelsbrunner, Herbert, Matthew Kahle, and Shu Kanazawa. “Maximum Persistent Betti Numbers of Čech Complexes.” <i>Journal of Applied and Computational Topology</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41468-026-00233-3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s41468-026-00233-3</a>.","short":"H. Edelsbrunner, M. Kahle, S. Kanazawa, Journal of Applied and Computational Topology 10 (2026).","apa":"Edelsbrunner, H., Kahle, M., &#38; Kanazawa, S. (2026). Maximum persistent Betti numbers of Čech complexes. <i>Journal of Applied and Computational Topology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41468-026-00233-3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s41468-026-00233-3</a>","mla":"Edelsbrunner, Herbert, et al. “Maximum Persistent Betti Numbers of Čech Complexes.” <i>Journal of Applied and Computational Topology</i>, vol. 10, 5, Springer Nature, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41468-026-00233-3\">10.1007/s41468-026-00233-3</a>.","ieee":"H. Edelsbrunner, M. Kahle, and S. Kanazawa, “Maximum persistent Betti numbers of Čech complexes,” <i>Journal of Applied and Computational Topology</i>, vol. 10. Springer Nature, 2026.","ama":"Edelsbrunner H, Kahle M, Kanazawa S. Maximum persistent Betti numbers of Čech complexes. <i>Journal of Applied and Computational Topology</i>. 2026;10. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41468-026-00233-3\">10.1007/s41468-026-00233-3</a>"},"publication":"Journal of Applied and Computational Topology","has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"HeEd"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","file":[{"success":1,"file_id":"21416","checksum":"0bf6dc430cafa40c08f260fe17d54595","file_name":"2026_JourAppliedCompTopology_Edelsbrunner.pdf","date_updated":"2026-03-09T11:29:30Z","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-03-09T11:29:30Z","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":323111}],"OA_place":"publisher","title":"Maximum persistent Betti numbers of Čech complexes","_id":"21407","author":[{"id":"3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Edelsbrunner, Herbert","orcid":"0000-0002-9823-6833","last_name":"Edelsbrunner","first_name":"Herbert"},{"full_name":"Kahle, Matthew","last_name":"Kahle","first_name":"Matthew"},{"full_name":"Kanazawa, Shu","first_name":"Shu","last_name":"Kanazawa"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2409.05241"]},"article_number":"5","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"publication_status":"published","PlanS_conform":"1","project":[{"name":"Mathematics, Computer Science","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"Z00342","_id":"268116B8-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"2561EBF4-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Persistence and stability of geometric complexes","grant_number":"I02979-N35","call_identifier":"FWF"}],"volume":10,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This note proves that only a linear number of holes in a Cech complex of n points in R^d\r\ncan persist over an interval of constant length. Specifically, for any fixed dimension p <\r\nd and fixed ε > 0, the number of p-dimensional holes in the ˇ Cech complex at radius 1\r\nthat persist to radius 1+ε is bounded above by a constant times n,where n is the number\r\nof points. The proof uses a packing argument supported by relating theCˇ ech complexes\r\nwith corresponding snap complexes over the cells in a partition of space. The argument\r\nis self-contained and elementary, relying on geometric and combinatorial constructions\r\nrather than on the existing theory of sparse approximations or interleavings. The bound\r\nalso applies to Alpha complexes and Vietoris–Rips complexes. While our result can be\r\ninferred from prior work on sparse filtrations, to our knowledge, no explicit statement\r\nor direct proof of this bound appears in the literature."}],"month":"03","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"The authors would like to thank Michael Lesnick and Primoz Skraba for their helpful comments regarding sparse approximations of filtrations. We are also grateful to the anonymous referees for their careful reading and constructive suggestions. The three authors are supported by the Wittgenstein Prize, Austrian Science Fund (FWF), grant no. Z 342-N31, by the DFG Collaborative Research Center TRR 109, Austrian Science Fund (FWF), grant no. I 02979-N35, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF-DMS), grant no. 2005630, and a JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A) (22H05107, Y.H.), EPSRC Research Grant EP/Y008642/1.","intvolume":"        10","year":"2026","article_type":"original","date_published":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2026-03-09T11:29:30Z","date_created":"2026-03-08T23:01:45Z"},{"day":"28","date_updated":"2026-03-09T10:40:41Z","OA_type":"hybrid","OA_place":"publisher","title":"Simultaneous optimization of assembly time and yield in programmable self-assembly","_id":"21408","has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Journal of Chemical Physics","citation":{"ista":"Hübl M, Goodrich CP. 2026. Simultaneous optimization of assembly time and yield in programmable self-assembly. Journal of Chemical Physics. 164(8), 084904.","chicago":"Hübl, Maximilian, and Carl Peter Goodrich. “Simultaneous Optimization of Assembly Time and Yield in Programmable Self-Assembly.” <i>Journal of Chemical Physics</i>. AIP Publishing, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0304731\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0304731</a>.","short":"M. Hübl, C.P. Goodrich, Journal of Chemical Physics 164 (2026).","mla":"Hübl, Maximilian, and Carl Peter Goodrich. “Simultaneous Optimization of Assembly Time and Yield in Programmable Self-Assembly.” <i>Journal of Chemical Physics</i>, vol. 164, no. 8, 084904, AIP Publishing, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0304731\">10.1063/5.0304731</a>.","apa":"Hübl, M., &#38; Goodrich, C. P. (2026). Simultaneous optimization of assembly time and yield in programmable self-assembly. <i>Journal of Chemical Physics</i>. AIP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0304731\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0304731</a>","ieee":"M. Hübl and C. P. Goodrich, “Simultaneous optimization of assembly time and yield in programmable self-assembly,” <i>Journal of Chemical Physics</i>, vol. 164, no. 8. AIP Publishing, 2026.","ama":"Hübl M, Goodrich CP. Simultaneous optimization of assembly time and yield in programmable self-assembly. <i>Journal of Chemical Physics</i>. 2026;164(8). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0304731\">10.1063/5.0304731</a>"},"file":[{"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-03-09T10:38:55Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":6903766,"creator":"dernst","checksum":"9bdb8870930e83edb973408da3038559","file_id":"21415","success":1,"date_updated":"2026-03-09T10:38:55Z","file_name":"2026_JourChemPhysics_Huebl.pdf"}],"publisher":"AIP Publishing","department":[{"_id":"CaGo"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"type":"journal_article","arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","ddc":["540"],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","doi":"10.1063/5.0304731","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0021-9606"],"eissn":["1089-7690"]},"quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"Rational design strategies for self-assembly require a detailed understanding of both the equilibrium state and the assembly kinetics. While the former is starting to be well understood, the latter remains a major theoretical challenge, especially in programmable systems and the so-called semi-addressable regime, where binding is often nondeterministic and the formation of off-target structures negatively influences the assembly. Here, we show that it is possible to simultaneously sculpt the assembly outcome and the assembly kinetics through the underexplored design space of binding energies and particle concentrations. By formulating the assembly process as a complex reaction network, we calculate and optimize the tradeoff between assembly speed and quality and show that parameter optimization can speed up assembly by many orders of magnitude without lowering the yield of the target structure. Although the exact speedup varies from design to design, we find the largest speedups for nondeterministic systems where unoptimized assembly is the slowest, sometimes even making them assemble faster than optimized, fully addressable designs. Therefore, these results not only solve a key challenge in semi-addressable self-assembly but further emphasize the utility of semi-addressability, where designs have the potential to be faster as well as cheaper (fewer particle species) and better (higher yield). More broadly, our results highlight the importance of parameter optimization in programmable self-assembly and provide practical tools for simultaneous optimization of kinetics and yield in a wide range of systems.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"02","volume":164,"file_date_updated":"2026-03-09T10:38:55Z","date_published":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","year":"2026","date_created":"2026-03-08T23:01:45Z","acknowledgement":"The research was supported by the Gesellschaft für Forschungsförderung Niederösterreich under Project No. FTI23-G-011.","issue":"8","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"       164","external_id":{"arxiv":["2510.07876"]},"corr_author":"1","publication_status":"published","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_number":"084904","author":[{"id":"5eb8629e-15b2-11ec-abd3-e6f3e5e01f32","full_name":"Hübl, Maximilian","last_name":"Hübl","first_name":"Maximilian"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-1307-5074","full_name":"Goodrich, Carl Peter","id":"EB352CD2-F68A-11E9-89C5-A432E6697425","first_name":"Carl Peter","last_name":"Goodrich"}],"project":[{"grant_number":"FTI23-G-011","name":"Dynamically reconfigurable self-assembly with triangular DNA-origami bricks","_id":"8dd93da8-16d5-11f0-9cad-d2c70200d9a5"}]},{"article_processing_charge":"Yes","type":"journal_article","ddc":["570"],"oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","scopus_import":"1","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1537-1719"]},"doi":"10.1093/molbev/msag020","day":"02","OA_type":"gold","date_updated":"2026-03-09T10:33:04Z","title":"The evolutionary genomics of meiotic drive","_id":"21409","OA_place":"publisher","publisher":"Oxford University Press","department":[{"_id":"BeVi"}],"file":[{"success":1,"file_id":"21414","checksum":"406e7cca0f2536d3bb877032fc837f9b","file_name":"2026_MolecularBioEvolution_Presgraves.pdf","date_updated":"2026-03-09T10:32:02Z","date_created":"2026-03-09T10:32:02Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":4533829}],"citation":{"chicago":"Presgraves, Daven C., R. Kelly Dawe, Kelly A. Dyer, Lila Fishman, Soumitra A. Bhide, Sasha L. Bradshaw, Meghan J. Brady, et al. “The Evolutionary Genomics of Meiotic Drive.” <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>. Oxford University Press, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msag020\">https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msag020</a>.","ista":"Presgraves DC, Dawe RK, Dyer KA, Fishman L, Bhide SA, Bradshaw SL, Brady MJ, Burga A, Courret C, Fagen BL, Machado Ferretti ABS, Kelemen RK, Kitano J, Liu Y, Martí E, Erlenbach T, Reinhardt JA, Ross L, Runge JN, Swanepoel CM, Vicoso B, Vogan AA, Lindholm AK, Larracuente AM, Unckless RL. 2026. The evolutionary genomics of meiotic drive. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 43(2), msag020.","short":"D.C. Presgraves, R.K. Dawe, K.A. Dyer, L. Fishman, S.A. Bhide, S.L. Bradshaw, M.J. Brady, A. Burga, C. Courret, B.L. Fagen, A.B.S. Machado Ferretti, R.K. Kelemen, J. Kitano, Y. Liu, E. Martí, T. Erlenbach, J.A. Reinhardt, L. Ross, J.N. Runge, C.M. Swanepoel, B. Vicoso, A.A. Vogan, A.K. Lindholm, A.M. Larracuente, R.L. Unckless, Molecular Biology and Evolution 43 (2026).","ieee":"D. C. Presgraves <i>et al.</i>, “The evolutionary genomics of meiotic drive,” <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>, vol. 43, no. 2. Oxford University Press, 2026.","mla":"Presgraves, Daven C., et al. “The Evolutionary Genomics of Meiotic Drive.” <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>, vol. 43, no. 2, msag020, Oxford University Press, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msag020\">10.1093/molbev/msag020</a>.","apa":"Presgraves, D. C., Dawe, R. K., Dyer, K. A., Fishman, L., Bhide, S. A., Bradshaw, S. L., … Unckless, R. L. (2026). The evolutionary genomics of meiotic drive. <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msag020\">https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msag020</a>","ama":"Presgraves DC, Dawe RK, Dyer KA, et al. The evolutionary genomics of meiotic drive. <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>. 2026;43(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msag020\">10.1093/molbev/msag020</a>"},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"pmid":1,"article_number":"msag020","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"pmid":["41589062"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Presgraves","first_name":"Daven C.","full_name":"Presgraves, Daven C."},{"full_name":"Dawe, R. Kelly","first_name":"R. Kelly","last_name":"Dawe"},{"last_name":"Dyer","first_name":"Kelly A.","full_name":"Dyer, Kelly A."},{"full_name":"Fishman, Lila","last_name":"Fishman","first_name":"Lila"},{"full_name":"Bhide, Soumitra A.","last_name":"Bhide","first_name":"Soumitra A."},{"first_name":"Sasha L.","last_name":"Bradshaw","full_name":"Bradshaw, Sasha L."},{"full_name":"Brady, Meghan J.","last_name":"Brady","first_name":"Meghan J."},{"full_name":"Burga, Alejandro","last_name":"Burga","first_name":"Alejandro"},{"first_name":"Cécile","last_name":"Courret","full_name":"Courret, Cécile"},{"full_name":"Fagen, Brandon L.","first_name":"Brandon L.","last_name":"Fagen"},{"full_name":"Machado Ferretti, Ana Beatriz Stein","last_name":"Machado Ferretti","first_name":"Ana Beatriz Stein"},{"id":"48D3F8DE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8489-9281","full_name":"Kelemen, Réka K","last_name":"Kelemen","first_name":"Réka K"},{"full_name":"Kitano, Jun","first_name":"Jun","last_name":"Kitano"},{"first_name":"Yiran","last_name":"Liu","full_name":"Liu, Yiran"},{"full_name":"Martí, Emiliano","first_name":"Emiliano","last_name":"Martí"},{"first_name":"Theresa","last_name":"Erlenbach","full_name":"Erlenbach, Theresa"},{"full_name":"Reinhardt, Josephine A.","last_name":"Reinhardt","first_name":"Josephine A."},{"last_name":"Ross","first_name":"Laura","full_name":"Ross, Laura"},{"last_name":"Runge","first_name":"Jan Niklas","full_name":"Runge, Jan Niklas"},{"last_name":"Swanepoel","first_name":"Callie M.","full_name":"Swanepoel, Callie M."},{"last_name":"Vicoso","first_name":"Beatriz","id":"49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4579-8306","full_name":"Vicoso, Beatriz"},{"full_name":"Vogan, Aaron A.","first_name":"Aaron A.","last_name":"Vogan"},{"full_name":"Lindholm, Anna K.","first_name":"Anna K.","last_name":"Lindholm"},{"full_name":"Larracuente, Amanda M.","first_name":"Amanda M.","last_name":"Larracuente"},{"first_name":"Robert L.","last_name":"Unckless","full_name":"Unckless, Robert L."}],"PlanS_conform":"1","DOAJ_listed":"1","month":"02","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Meiotic drivers are selfish genetic elements that gain transmission advantages by distorting equal, Mendelian segregation. For decades, biologists have considered meiotic drivers as interesting, albeit esoteric, case studies. It is now clear, however, that meiotic drive is more common and phylogenetically widespread than previously supposed. Indeed, intensive study of a few well-known cases has begun to reveal the evolutionary genomic consequences of meiotic drive. We argue here that many features of genome evolution, content, and organization that are seemingly inexplicable by organismal adaptation or nearly neutral processes are instead best accounted for by recurrent histories of meiotic drive. We review how meiotic drive can affect the evolution of sequences, gene copy numbers, genes with functions in meiosis and gametogenesis, signatures of “selection,” chromosome rearrangements, and karyotype evolution. We also explore the interactions of meiotic drive elements with other classes of selfish genetic elements, including satellite DNAs, transposable elements, and with the endogenous host genes involved in drive suppression. Finally, we argue that some aspects of drive-mediated genome evolution are now sufficiently well established that we might reverse the direction of discovery—rather than ask how drive affects genome evolution, we can use genome data to discover new putative drive elements."}],"volume":43,"date_created":"2026-03-08T23:01:45Z","year":"2026","article_type":"original","file_date_updated":"2026-03-09T10:32:02Z","date_published":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"        43","issue":"2","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"This review is a product of the SMBE satellite workshop and the SNSF Scientific Exchange on the Genomic Consequences of Meiotic Drive. We thank the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (satellite grant to A.M.L., A.K.L., R.L.U., D.C.P.), the Swiss National Science Foundation (Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung IZSEZ0_217501 to A.K.L.), and the National Science Foundation Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (NSF MCB Conference grant 2312190 to R.L.U.) for their generous support of the workshop.\r\n\r\nWe also thank the following for their support of individual authors: National Science Foundation Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (NSF MCB CAREER 2047052 to R.L.U.), Division of Environmental Biology (NSF DEB-2344468 to L.F., NSF DEB-1737824 to K.A.D.), National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH R35GM119515 to A.M.L., NIH R01GM148442 to D.C.P.), European Research Council (PGErepro to L.R.), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP 2020/06188-5 to A.B.S.M.F.), Royal Society (DHF\\R1\\180120 to L.R.), Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin (support for D.C.P.), and Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council VR grant number 2021-0429 to A.A.V.)."},{"year":"2026","date_published":"2026-02-14T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2026-03-08T23:01:45Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"A. J. Ameli—Supported by the project COALESCE (ERC grant no. 853234).\r\nM. Saghafian—Partially supported by the European Research Council (ERC), grant no. 788183, and by the Wittgenstein Prize, Austrian Science Fund (FWF), grant no. Z 342-N31.","oa":1,"intvolume":"     16444","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Given a finite set of red and blue points in R^d, the MST-ratio is defined as the total length of the Euclidean minimum spanning trees of the red points and the blue points, divided by the length of the Euclidean minimum spanning tree of their union. The MST-ratio has recently gained attention due to its direct interpretation in topological models for studying point sets with applications in spatial biology. The maximum MST-ratio of a point set is the maximum MST-ratio over all proper colorings of its points by red and blue. We prove that finding the maximum MST-ratio of a given point set is NP-hard when the dimension is part of the input. Moreover, we present a quadratic-time 3-approximation algorithm for this problem. As part of the proof, we show that in any metric space, the maximum MST-ratio is smaller than 3. Furthermore, we study the average MST-ratio over all colorings of a set of n points. We show that this average is always at least n-2/n-1, and for n random points uniformly distributed in a d-dimensional unit cube, the average tends to (math formular) in expectation as n approaches infinity."}],"month":"02","volume":16444,"project":[{"_id":"266A2E9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Alpha Shape Theory Extended","grant_number":"788183","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"268116B8-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"Z00342","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Mathematics, Computer Science"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2409.11079"]},"publication_status":"published","author":[{"first_name":"Afrouz","last_name":"Jabal Ameli","full_name":"Jabal Ameli, Afrouz"},{"full_name":"Motiei, Faezeh","last_name":"Motiei","first_name":"Faezeh"},{"last_name":"Saghafian","first_name":"Morteza","id":"f86f7148-b140-11ec-9577-95435b8df824","full_name":"Saghafian, Morteza"}],"OA_place":"repository","_id":"21410","title":"On the MST-ratio: Theoretical bounds and complexity of finding the maximum","citation":{"chicago":"Jabal Ameli, Afrouz, Faezeh Motiei, and Morteza Saghafian. “On the MST-Ratio: Theoretical Bounds and Complexity of Finding the Maximum.” In <i>20th International Conference and Workshops on Algorithms and Computation</i>, 16444:386–401. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-7127-7_26\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-7127-7_26</a>.","ista":"Jabal Ameli A, Motiei F, Saghafian M. 2026. On the MST-ratio: Theoretical bounds and complexity of finding the maximum. 20th International Conference and Workshops on Algorithms and Computation. WALCOM: International Conference and Workshops on Algorithms and Computation, LNCS, vol. 16444, 386–401.","short":"A. Jabal Ameli, F. Motiei, M. Saghafian, in:, 20th International Conference and Workshops on Algorithms and Computation, Springer Nature, 2026, pp. 386–401.","ieee":"A. Jabal Ameli, F. Motiei, and M. Saghafian, “On the MST-ratio: Theoretical bounds and complexity of finding the maximum,” in <i>20th International Conference and Workshops on Algorithms and Computation</i>, Perugia, Italy, 2026, vol. 16444, pp. 386–401.","mla":"Jabal Ameli, Afrouz, et al. “On the MST-Ratio: Theoretical Bounds and Complexity of Finding the Maximum.” <i>20th International Conference and Workshops on Algorithms and Computation</i>, vol. 16444, Springer Nature, 2026, pp. 386–401, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-7127-7_26\">10.1007/978-981-95-7127-7_26</a>.","apa":"Jabal Ameli, A., Motiei, F., &#38; Saghafian, M. (2026). On the MST-ratio: Theoretical bounds and complexity of finding the maximum. In <i>20th International Conference and Workshops on Algorithms and Computation</i> (Vol. 16444, pp. 386–401). Perugia, Italy: Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-7127-7_26\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-7127-7_26</a>","ama":"Jabal Ameli A, Motiei F, Saghafian M. On the MST-ratio: Theoretical bounds and complexity of finding the maximum. In: <i>20th International Conference and Workshops on Algorithms and Computation</i>. Vol 16444. Springer Nature; 2026:386-401. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-7127-7_26\">10.1007/978-981-95-7127-7_26</a>"},"publication":"20th International Conference and Workshops on Algorithms and Computation","department":[{"_id":"HeEd"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.11079","open_access":"1"}],"alternative_title":["LNCS"],"day":"14","date_updated":"2026-03-09T10:25:41Z","OA_type":"green","page":"386-401","scopus_import":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Preprint","conference":{"location":"Perugia, Italy","name":"WALCOM: International Conference and Workshops on Algorithms and Computation","start_date":"2026-03-04","end_date":"2026-03-06"},"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-7127-7_26","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1611-3349"],"issn":["0302-9743"],"isbn":["9789819571260"]},"status":"public","ec_funded":1,"type":"conference","arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"No"},{"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_number":"31","publication_status":"published","author":[{"full_name":"Bentert, Matthias","first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Bentert"},{"first_name":"Esra","last_name":"Ceylan","full_name":"Ceylan, Esra"},{"id":"2c8aa207-dc7d-11ea-9b2f-f22972ecd910","orcid":"0009-0001-5009-4987","full_name":"Hübner, Valentin","last_name":"Hübner","first_name":"Valentin"},{"full_name":"Schmid, Stefan","last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Stefan"},{"first_name":"Jiří","last_name":"Srba","full_name":"Srba, Jiří"}],"month":"01","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"To achieve fast recovery from link failures, most modern communication networks feature fully\r\ndecentralized fast re-routing mechanisms. These re-routing mechanisms rely on pre-installed static re-routing rules at the nodes (the routers), which depend only on local failure information, namely on the failed links incident to the node. Ideally, a network is perfectly resilient: the re-routing rules ensure that packets are always successfully routed to their destinations as long as the source and the destination are still physically connected in the underlying network after the failures. Unfortunately, there are examples where achieving perfect resilience is not possible. Surprisingly, only very little is known about the algorithmic aspect of when and how perfect resilience can be achieved. We investigate the computational complexity of analyzing such local fast re-routing mechanisms. Our main result is a negative one: we show that even checking whether a given set of static re-routing rules ensures perfect resilience is coNP-complete. Additionally, we investigate other fundamental variations of the problem. In particular, we show that our coNP-completeness proof also applies to scenarios where the re-routing rules have specific patterns (known as skipping in the literature). On the positive side, for scenarios where nodes do not have information about the link from which a packet arrived (the so-called in-port), we present a linear-time algorithm to realize perfect resilience whenever possible (which we show can also be determined in linear time). "}],"volume":361,"date_created":"2026-03-08T23:01:46Z","year":"2026","file_date_updated":"2026-03-09T12:33:58Z","date_published":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"       361","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"Matthias Bentert: ERC Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement\r\nNo. 819416) and ERC Consolidator grant AdjustNet (agreement No. 864228).\r\nEsra Ceylan: German Research Foundation (DFG) project ReNO, Schwerpunktprogramm:\r\nResilienz in Vernetzten Welten – Beherrschen von Fehlern, Überlast, Angriffen und dem\r\nUnbekannten (SPP 2378).\r\nStefan Schmid: German Research Foundation (DFG) project ReNO, Schwerpunktprogramm:\r\nResilienz in Vernetzten Welten – Beherrschen von Fehlern, Überlast, Angriffen und dem\r\nUnbekannten (SPP 2378).","article_processing_charge":"No","type":"conference","ddc":["000"],"conference":{"end_date":"2025-12-05","location":"Iaşi, Romania","name":"OPODIS: Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems","start_date":"2025-12-03"},"scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2025.31","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9783959774093"],"eissn":["1868-8969"]},"alternative_title":["LIPIcs"],"day":"07","OA_type":"gold","date_updated":"2026-03-09T12:36:11Z","_id":"21411","title":"Fast re-routing in networks: On the complexity of perfect resilience","OA_place":"publisher","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik","file":[{"date_created":"2026-03-09T12:33:58Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1041334,"success":1,"file_id":"21419","checksum":"a7af114da7c38d2338b4edb922eb27f1","file_name":"2026_OPODIS_Bentert.pdf","date_updated":"2026-03-09T12:33:58Z"}],"citation":{"ama":"Bentert M, Ceylan E, Hübner V, Schmid S, Srba J. Fast re-routing in networks: On the complexity of perfect resilience. In: <i>29th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems</i>. Vol 361. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik; 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2025.31\">10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2025.31</a>","mla":"Bentert, Matthias, et al. “Fast Re-Routing in Networks: On the Complexity of Perfect Resilience.” <i>29th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems</i>, vol. 361, 31, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2025.31\">10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2025.31</a>.","apa":"Bentert, M., Ceylan, E., Hübner, V., Schmid, S., &#38; Srba, J. (2026). Fast re-routing in networks: On the complexity of perfect resilience. In <i>29th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems</i> (Vol. 361). Iaşi, Romania: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2025.31\">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2025.31</a>","ieee":"M. Bentert, E. Ceylan, V. Hübner, S. Schmid, and J. Srba, “Fast re-routing in networks: On the complexity of perfect resilience,” in <i>29th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems</i>, Iaşi, Romania, 2026, vol. 361.","short":"M. Bentert, E. Ceylan, V. Hübner, S. Schmid, J. Srba, in:, 29th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026.","ista":"Bentert M, Ceylan E, Hübner V, Schmid S, Srba J. 2026. Fast re-routing in networks: On the complexity of perfect resilience. 29th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems. OPODIS: Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems, LIPIcs, vol. 361, 31.","chicago":"Bentert, Matthias, Esra Ceylan, Valentin Hübner, Stefan Schmid, and Jiří Srba. “Fast Re-Routing in Networks: On the Complexity of Perfect Resilience.” In <i>29th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems</i>, Vol. 361. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2025.31\">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2025.31</a>."},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"29th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems"},{"author":[{"id":"23cb1cf6-2c7a-11ef-91a4-f72fc19f20b3","full_name":"Sunko, Veronika","orcid":"0000-0003-2724-3523","last_name":"Sunko","first_name":"Veronika"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"corr_author":"1","type":"research_data","status":"public","doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-21422","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"21872","relation":"used_in_publication"}]},"oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"68b8ca59-c5b3-11ee-8790-cd641c68093d","date_updated":"2026-06-10T09:45:54Z","month":"03","day":"11","department":[{"_id":"VeSu"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","file":[{"date_updated":"2026-03-11T10:28:34Z","file_name":"MBT_Data_Paper.zip","file_id":"21429","checksum":"54db0b68f0cf919009317fd3da8f733b","success":1,"file_size":85004,"content_type":"application/zip","creator":"vsunko","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2026-03-11T10:28:34Z","relation":"main_file"},{"creator":"vsunko","file_size":2593,"content_type":"text/plain","date_created":"2026-03-11T10:28:37Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"README.txt","date_updated":"2026-03-11T10:28:37Z","success":1,"checksum":"df1785b7ada7cd07f76a441ee4f52266","file_id":"21430"}],"oa":1,"citation":{"ieee":"V. Sunko, “Data underpinning ‘Magneto-optical Kerr effect in an A-type antiferromagnet.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","apa":"Sunko, V. (2026). Data underpinning “Magneto-optical Kerr effect in an A-type antiferromagnet.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21422\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21422</a>","mla":"Sunko, Veronika. <i>Data Underpinning “Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect in an A-Type Antiferromagnet.”</i> Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21422\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21422</a>.","ama":"Sunko V. Data underpinning “Magneto-optical Kerr effect in an A-type antiferromagnet.” 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21422\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21422</a>","chicago":"Sunko, Veronika. “Data Underpinning ‘Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect in an A-Type Antiferromagnet.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21422\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21422</a>.","ista":"Sunko V. 2026. Data underpinning ‘Magneto-optical Kerr effect in an A-type antiferromagnet’, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21422\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21422</a>.","short":"V. Sunko, (2026)."},"has_accepted_license":"1","title":"Data underpinning \"Magneto-optical Kerr effect in an A-type antiferromagnet\"","_id":"21422","date_created":"2026-03-11T07:04:26Z","year":"2026","file_date_updated":"2026-03-11T10:28:37Z","OA_place":"repository","date_published":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z"},{"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","oa_version":"Published Version","page":"110","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"13314","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"},{"id":"13116","relation":"research_data","status":"public"},{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"21427"},{"id":"21439","relation":"research_data","status":"public"}]},"status":"public","doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-21423","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"],"isbn":["978-3-99078-076-3"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","type":"dissertation","ddc":["539","570"],"degree_awarded":"PhD","_id":"21423","title":"Geometry-driven self-organization of migrating cells and chiral filaments","OA_place":"repository","supervisor":[{"id":"3A9DB764-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-6005-1561","full_name":"Hannezo, Edouard B","last_name":"Hannezo","first_name":"Edouard B"}],"file":[{"checksum":"47ce6a48a0c63f28eca6e64c9ffd2c84","file_id":"21446","embargo":"2026-09-11","date_updated":"2026-03-12T20:38:52Z","file_name":"2026_Dunajova_Zuzana_Thesis_pdfA.pdf","access_level":"closed","date_created":"2026-03-12T20:38:52Z","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":14662770,"embargo_to":"open_access","creator":"zdunajov"},{"file_size":32961408,"content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","creator":"zdunajov","access_level":"closed","relation":"source_file","date_created":"2026-03-12T20:40:18Z","date_updated":"2026-03-13T11:19:21Z","file_name":"Thesis-Dunajova_source_file.docx","checksum":"5dec5afdffd47c2b0b162d0fe1bed925","file_id":"21447"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"EdHa"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"short":"Z. Dunajova, Geometry-Driven Self-Organization of Migrating Cells and Chiral Filaments, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","ista":"Dunajova Z. 2026. Geometry-driven self-organization of migrating cells and chiral filaments. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","chicago":"Dunajova, Zuzana. “Geometry-Driven Self-Organization of Migrating Cells and Chiral Filaments.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21423\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21423</a>.","ama":"Dunajova Z. Geometry-driven self-organization of migrating cells and chiral filaments. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21423\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21423</a>","mla":"Dunajova, Zuzana. <i>Geometry-Driven Self-Organization of Migrating Cells and Chiral Filaments</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21423\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21423</a>.","apa":"Dunajova, Z. (2026). <i>Geometry-driven self-organization of migrating cells and chiral filaments</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21423\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21423</a>","ieee":"Z. Dunajova, “Geometry-driven self-organization of migrating cells and chiral filaments,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026."},"day":"11","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"date_updated":"2026-06-10T09:41:11Z","project":[{"grant_number":"26360","name":"Motile active matter models of migrating cells and chiral filaments","_id":"34d75525-11ca-11ed-8bc3-89b6307fee9d"}],"publication_status":"published","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_sa.png"},"corr_author":"1","author":[{"id":"4B39F286-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Dunajova, Zuzana","last_name":"Dunajova","first_name":"Zuzana"}],"date_created":"2026-03-11T08:30:49Z","date_published":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2026-03-13T11:19:21Z","year":"2026","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"Finally, I gratefully acknowledge funding from the DOC Fellowship of the Austrian Academy\r\nof Sciences (OeAW): grant agreement 26360.","month":"03","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}]},{"date_created":"2026-03-11T10:39:55Z","article_type":"original","year":"2026","date_published":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank Linda Ye and Yue Sun for helpful discussion. Experimental and theoretical work at LBNL and UC Berkeley was funded by the Quantum Materials (KC2202) program under the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. V.S. and J.O. received support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation’s EPiQS Initiative through Grant GBMF4537 to J.O. at UC Berkeley. J.K. received support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. 2146752. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. During the preparation of this manuscript, we became aware of the following related work: refs. 56,57,58.","oa":1,"month":"04","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The cobalt-intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide CoxTaS2 hosts a rich landscape of magnetic phases that depend sensitively on x. While the stoichiometric compound with x = 1/3 exhibits a single magnetic transition, samples with x≤0.325 display two transitions with an anomalous Hall effect (AHE) emerging in the lower temperature phase. Here, we resolve the spin structure in each phase by employing a suite of magneto-optical probes that include the discovery of anomalous magneto-birefringence: a spontaneous time-reversal sensitive rotation of the principal optic axes. A symmetry-based analysis identifies the AHE-active phase as an anisotropic (2+1)Q state, in which magnetic modulation at one wavevector (Q) differs in symmetry from that at the remaining two. The (2+1)Q state naturally exhibits scalar spin chirality as a mechanism for the AHE and expands the classification of multi-Q magnetic phases."}],"article_number":"2507.12588","publication_status":"epub_ahead","corr_author":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2507.12588"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Kruppe, Jonathon","last_name":"Kruppe","first_name":"Jonathon"},{"full_name":"Rodriguez, Josue","last_name":"Rodriguez","first_name":"Josue"},{"last_name":"Xu","first_name":"Catherine","full_name":"Xu, Catherine"},{"first_name":"James","last_name":"Analytis","full_name":"Analytis, James"},{"first_name":"Joseph","last_name":"Orenstein","full_name":"Orenstein, Joseph"},{"last_name":"Sunko","first_name":"Veronika","id":"23cb1cf6-2c7a-11ef-91a4-f72fc19f20b3","orcid":"0000-0003-2724-3523","full_name":"Sunko, Veronika"}],"title":"Anisotropic multi-Q order in CoxTaS2","_id":"21436","OA_place":"publisher","department":[{"_id":"VeSu"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-026-00856-w"}],"citation":{"mla":"Kruppe, Jonathon, et al. “Anisotropic Multi-Q Order in CoxTaS2.” <i>Npj Quantum Materials</i>, 2507.12588, Springer Nature, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-026-00856-w\">10.1038/s41535-026-00856-w</a>.","apa":"Kruppe, J., Rodriguez, J., Xu, C., Analytis, J., Orenstein, J., &#38; Sunko, V. (2026). Anisotropic multi-Q order in CoxTaS2. <i>Npj Quantum Materials</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-026-00856-w\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-026-00856-w</a>","ieee":"J. Kruppe, J. Rodriguez, C. Xu, J. Analytis, J. Orenstein, and V. Sunko, “Anisotropic multi-Q order in CoxTaS2,” <i>npj Quantum Materials</i>. Springer Nature, 2026.","ama":"Kruppe J, Rodriguez J, Xu C, Analytis J, Orenstein J, Sunko V. Anisotropic multi-Q order in CoxTaS2. <i>npj Quantum Materials</i>. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-026-00856-w\">10.1038/s41535-026-00856-w</a>","ista":"Kruppe J, Rodriguez J, Xu C, Analytis J, Orenstein J, Sunko V. 2026. Anisotropic multi-Q order in CoxTaS2. npj Quantum Materials., 2507.12588.","chicago":"Kruppe, Jonathon, Josue Rodriguez, Catherine Xu, James Analytis, Joseph Orenstein, and Veronika Sunko. “Anisotropic Multi-Q Order in CoxTaS2.” <i>Npj Quantum Materials</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-026-00856-w\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-026-00856-w</a>.","short":"J. Kruppe, J. Rodriguez, C. Xu, J. Analytis, J. Orenstein, V. Sunko, Npj Quantum Materials (2026)."},"publication":"npj Quantum Materials","day":"09","OA_type":"gold","date_updated":"2026-06-18T08:32:52Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1038/s41535-026-00856-w","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2397-4648"]},"arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes","type":"journal_article","ddc":["530"]},{"month":"01","day":"10","abstract":[{"text":"Antiferromagnets (AFMs) hold promise for applications in digital logic. However, switching AFM domains is challenging, as magnetic fields do not couple to the bulk antiferromagnetic order parameter. Here we show that magnetic-field-driven switching of AFM domains can in many cases be enabled by a generic reduction of magnetic exchange at surfaces. We use statistical mechanics and Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate that an inequivalence in magnetic exchange between top and bottom surface moments, combined with the enhanced magnetic susceptibility of surface spins, can enable deterministic selection of antiferromagnetic domains depending on the magnetic-field ramping direction. We further show that this mechanism provides a natural interpretation for experimental observations of hysteresis in magneto-optical response of the van der Waals AFM $\\mathrm{MnBi_2Te_4}$. Our findings highlight the critical role of surface spins in responses of antiferromagnets to magnetic fields. Furthermore, our results suggest that antiferromagnetic domain selection via purely magnetic means may be a more common and experimentally accessible phenomenon than previously assumed.","lang":"eng"}],"OA_type":"green","date_updated":"2026-03-16T08:57:18Z","date_created":"2026-03-11T10:40:20Z","_id":"21438","title":"Deterministic domain selection of antiferromagnets via magnetic fields","date_published":"2026-01-10T00:00:00Z","OA_place":"repository","year":"2026","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.06646","open_access":"1"}],"department":[{"_id":"VeSu"}],"publication":"arXiv","citation":{"chicago":"Weber, Sophie F., and Veronika Sunko. “Deterministic Domain Selection of Antiferromagnets via Magnetic Fields.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.06646\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.06646</a>.","ista":"Weber SF, Sunko V. Deterministic domain selection of antiferromagnets via magnetic fields. arXiv, 2601.06646.","short":"S.F. Weber, V. Sunko, ArXiv (n.d.).","ieee":"S. F. Weber and V. Sunko, “Deterministic domain selection of antiferromagnets via magnetic fields,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","apa":"Weber, S. F., &#38; Sunko, V. (n.d.). Deterministic domain selection of antiferromagnets via magnetic fields. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.06646\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.06646</a>","mla":"Weber, Sophie F., and Veronika Sunko. “Deterministic Domain Selection of Antiferromagnets via Magnetic Fields.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2601.06646, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.06646\">10.48550/arXiv.2601.06646</a>.","ama":"Weber SF, Sunko V. Deterministic domain selection of antiferromagnets via magnetic fields. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.06646\">10.48550/arXiv.2601.06646</a>"},"oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"SFW acknowledges funding from Chalmers University of Technology through the department of Physics and the Areas of Advance Nano and Materials Science. VS acknowledges funding from Institute of Science and Technology Austria. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using computing resources from the PDC Center for High Performance Computing. These resources were granted by the National Academic Infrastructure for Supercomputing in Sweden (NAISS), partially funded by the Swedish Research Council through grant agreement no. 2022-06725.","publication_status":"submitted","arxiv":1,"article_number":"2601.06646","article_processing_charge":"No","external_id":{"arxiv":["2601.06646"]},"type":"preprint","author":[{"full_name":"Weber, Sophie F.","last_name":"Weber","first_name":"Sophie F."},{"id":"23cb1cf6-2c7a-11ef-91a4-f72fc19f20b3","orcid":"0000-0003-2724-3523","full_name":"Sunko, Veronika","last_name":"Sunko","first_name":"Veronika"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Preprint","status":"public","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2601.06646"},{"month":"03","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"These files contain supplementary movies accompanying the PhD thesis “Geometry-driven self-organization of migrating cells and chiral filaments” by Zuzana Dunajova (2026). The videos provide additional visual material supporting the experiments and results described in the thesis."}],"date_created":"2026-03-11T21:05:20Z","file_date_updated":"2026-03-11T20:52:39Z","date_published":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","year":"2026","oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_sa.png"},"corr_author":"1","author":[{"id":"4B39F286-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Dunajova, Zuzana","last_name":"Dunajova","first_name":"Zuzana"}],"project":[{"_id":"34d75525-11ca-11ed-8bc3-89b6307fee9d","grant_number":"26360","name":"Motile active matter models of migrating cells and chiral filaments"}],"day":"12","OA_type":"free access","date_updated":"2026-06-10T09:41:12Z","_id":"21439","title":"Supplementary movies to PhD thesis “Geometry-driven self-organization of migrating cells and chiral filaments”","OA_place":"repository","file":[{"file_id":"21440","checksum":"47809a9a31b748b16e21e92d11ddc87f","success":1,"date_updated":"2026-03-11T20:41:28Z","file_name":"Supplementary_movies_Thesis_Dunajova.zip","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2026-03-11T20:41:28Z","relation":"main_file","file_size":154465214,"content_type":"application/zip","creator":"zdunajov"},{"creator":"zdunajov","file_size":2289,"content_type":"text/plain","date_created":"2026-03-11T20:52:39Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"readme.txt","date_updated":"2026-03-11T20:52:39Z","success":1,"file_id":"21441","checksum":"a64a174bc6abf0a5e77631e4fd121f1f"}],"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"EdHa"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"ama":"Dunajova Z. Supplementary movies to PhD thesis “Geometry-driven self-organization of migrating cells and chiral filaments.” 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21439\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21439</a>","mla":"Dunajova, Zuzana. <i>Supplementary Movies to PhD Thesis “Geometry-Driven Self-Organization of Migrating Cells and Chiral Filaments.”</i> Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21439\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21439</a>.","apa":"Dunajova, Z. (2026). Supplementary movies to PhD thesis “Geometry-driven self-organization of migrating cells and chiral filaments.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21439\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21439</a>","ieee":"Z. Dunajova, “Supplementary movies to PhD thesis ‘Geometry-driven self-organization of migrating cells and chiral filaments.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","short":"Z. Dunajova, (2026).","ista":"Dunajova Z. 2026. Supplementary movies to PhD thesis “Geometry-driven self-organization of migrating cells and chiral filaments”, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21439\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21439</a>.","chicago":"Dunajova, Zuzana. “Supplementary Movies to PhD Thesis ‘Geometry-Driven Self-Organization of Migrating Cells and Chiral Filaments.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21439\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21439</a>."},"article_processing_charge":"No","type":"research_data","ddc":["570"],"user_id":"68b8ca59-c5b3-11ee-8790-cd641c68093d","oa_version":"Published Version","contributor":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-1671-393X","id":"4323B49C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Saren","contributor_type":"researcher","last_name":"Tasciyan"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9198-2182 ","id":"40136C2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","contributor_type":"researcher","first_name":"Philipp","last_name":"Radler"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"used_in_publication","id":"13314","status":"public"},{"relation":"used_in_publication","id":"21427","status":"public"},{"status":"public","id":"21423","relation":"used_in_publication"}]},"status":"public","doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-21439"},{"year":"2026","file_date_updated":"2026-03-12T10:24:45Z","date_published":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","_id":"21442","title":"CA3Simu v1.06 (vargas2026v1)","date_created":"2026-03-12T08:20:46Z","oa":1,"license":"https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0","keyword":["hypocampus","ca3 simulations","modelling"],"citation":{"ieee":"A. Schlögl, “CA3Simu v1.06 (vargas2026v1).” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","mla":"Schlögl, Alois. <i>CA3Simu v1.06 (Vargas2026v1)</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21442\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21442</a>.","apa":"Schlögl, A. (2026). CA3Simu v1.06 (vargas2026v1). Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21442\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21442</a>","ama":"Schlögl A. CA3Simu v1.06 (vargas2026v1). 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21442\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21442</a>","chicago":"Schlögl, Alois. “CA3Simu v1.06 (Vargas2026v1).” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21442\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21442</a>.","ista":"Schlögl A. 2026. CA3Simu v1.06 (vargas2026v1), Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21442\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21442</a>.","short":"A. Schlögl, (2026)."},"has_accepted_license":"1","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","department":[{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"PeJo"}],"file":[{"file_name":"ca3simu-vargas2026v1.tar.gz","date_updated":"2026-03-12T08:19:14Z","success":1,"checksum":"441c8827717dcda05f91c127d15cf1e9","file_id":"21443","creator":"schloegl","content_type":"application/gzip","file_size":160410,"relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-03-12T08:19:14Z","access_level":"open_access"},{"file_name":"README.md","date_updated":"2026-03-12T10:24:45Z","success":1,"checksum":"3c0092076228a15c0a7ae703192d43ea","file_id":"21445","creator":"schloegl","file_size":10923,"content_type":"text/markdown","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-03-12T10:24:45Z","access_level":"open_access"}],"day":"12","month":"03","date_updated":"2026-03-12T11:28:52Z","user_id":"68b8ca59-c5b3-11ee-8790-cd641c68093d","project":[{"name":"Synaptic mechanisms of engram storage and retrieval in CA3 hippocampal microcircuits","grant_number":"101199096","_id":"e62b56fe-ab3c-11f0-94c7-d181dd352b3b"},{"_id":"bd88be38-d553-11ed-ba76-81d5a70a6ef5","grant_number":"P36232","name":"Mechanisms of GABA release in hippocampal circuits"},{"_id":"8d9195e9-16d5-11f0-9cad-d075be887a1e","name":"Synaptic networks of human brain","grant_number":"PAT 4178023"},{"name":"Biophysics and circuit function of a giant cortical glutamatergic synapse","grant_number":"692692","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"25B7EB9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-21442","ec_funded":1,"status":"public","corr_author":"1","type":"software","tmp":{"name":"GNU General Public License 3.0","short":"GPL 3.0","legal_code_url":"https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html"},"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-5621-8100","full_name":"Schlögl, Alois","id":"45BF87EE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Alois","last_name":"Schlögl"}]},{"corr_author":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2507.16741"]},"article_number":"034004","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"publication_status":"published","author":[{"id":"221708e1-1ff6-11ee-9fa6-85146607433e","full_name":"Hawaldar, Samarth","orcid":"0000-0002-1965-4309","last_name":"Hawaldar","first_name":"Samarth"},{"full_name":"Nikhil, N.","first_name":"N.","last_name":"Nikhil"},{"full_name":"Rey, Ana Maria","last_name":"Rey","first_name":"Ana Maria"},{"first_name":"John J.","last_name":"Bollinger","full_name":"Bollinger, John J."},{"full_name":"Shankar, Athreya","last_name":"Shankar","first_name":"Athreya"}],"PlanS_conform":"1","project":[{"_id":"bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f","name":"QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration of Superconducting Quantum Circuits","grant_number":"F07105"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Three-dimensional (3D) crystals offer a route to scaling up trapped-ion systems for quantum sensing and quantum simulation applications; however, engineering coherent spin-motion couplings and effective spin-spin interactions in large crystals poses technical challenges associated with decoherence and prolonged timescales to generate appreciable entanglement. Here, we explore the possibility of speeding up these interactions in 3D crystals via parametric amplification. For this purpose, we derive a general Hamiltonian for the parametric amplification of spin-motion coupling that is broadly applicable to normal modes with motion transverse to or along the spatial extent of the crystal. Unlike in lower-dimensional crystals, we find that the ability to faithfully (uniformly) amplify the spin-spin interactions in 3D crystals depends on the physical implementation of the spin-motion coupling. We consider the light-shift gate, and the so-called phase-insensitive and phase-sensitive Mølmer-Sørensen (MS) gates, and we find that only the phase-sensitive MS gate can be faithfully amplified in general 3D crystals. We discuss a situation where nonuniform amplification can be advantageous. We also reconsider the effect of counter-rotating terms on parametric amplification and find that they are not as detrimental as previous studies suggest."}],"month":"03","volume":25,"article_type":"original","year":"2026","date_published":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2026-03-16T09:24:53Z","date_created":"2026-03-15T23:01:35Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"3","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"We thank Wenchao Ge and Allison Carter for feedback on the manuscript. We also thank Wenchao Ge for sharing the numerical simulation data that we have used in Fig. 5 of this paper. N.N. would like to thank Perimeter Institute and Boston University for support during this research. S.H. acknowledges partial support from the Institute of Science and Technology Austria and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) DOI 10.55776/F71 for the duration of this project. This work was supported by DOE Quantum Systems Accelerator, ARO W911NF24-1-0128, and NSF JILA-PFC PHY-2317149. J.J.B. and A.M.R. acknowledge support through AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-25-1-0080. A.S. acknowledges support by the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India through the INSPIRE Faculty Award (DST/INSPIRE/04/2023/001486), by the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF), Govt. of India through the Prime Minister’s Early Career Research Grant (PMECRG) (ANRF/ECRG/2024/001160/PMS) and by IIT Madras through the New Faculty Initiation Grant (NFIG).","intvolume":"        25","type":"journal_article","arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","ddc":["530"],"oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1103/h1m9-h3yw","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2331-7019"]},"status":"public","day":"01","date_updated":"2026-04-14T09:04:08Z","OA_type":"hybrid","OA_place":"publisher","_id":"21449","title":"Parametric amplification of spin-motion coupling in three-dimensional trapped-ion crystals","citation":{"ieee":"S. Hawaldar, N. Nikhil, A. M. Rey, J. J. Bollinger, and A. Shankar, “Parametric amplification of spin-motion coupling in three-dimensional trapped-ion crystals,” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 25, no. 3. American Physical Society, 2026.","mla":"Hawaldar, Samarth, et al. “Parametric Amplification of Spin-Motion Coupling in Three-Dimensional Trapped-Ion Crystals.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 25, no. 3, 034004, American Physical Society, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/h1m9-h3yw\">10.1103/h1m9-h3yw</a>.","apa":"Hawaldar, S., Nikhil, N., Rey, A. M., Bollinger, J. J., &#38; Shankar, A. (2026). Parametric amplification of spin-motion coupling in three-dimensional trapped-ion crystals. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/h1m9-h3yw\">https://doi.org/10.1103/h1m9-h3yw</a>","ama":"Hawaldar S, Nikhil N, Rey AM, Bollinger JJ, Shankar A. Parametric amplification of spin-motion coupling in three-dimensional trapped-ion crystals. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. 2026;25(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/h1m9-h3yw\">10.1103/h1m9-h3yw</a>","chicago":"Hawaldar, Samarth, N. Nikhil, Ana Maria Rey, John J. Bollinger, and Athreya Shankar. “Parametric Amplification of Spin-Motion Coupling in Three-Dimensional Trapped-Ion Crystals.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/h1m9-h3yw\">https://doi.org/10.1103/h1m9-h3yw</a>.","ista":"Hawaldar S, Nikhil N, Rey AM, Bollinger JJ, Shankar A. 2026. Parametric amplification of spin-motion coupling in three-dimensional trapped-ion crystals. Physical Review Applied. 25(3), 034004.","short":"S. Hawaldar, N. Nikhil, A.M. Rey, J.J. Bollinger, A. Shankar, Physical Review Applied 25 (2026)."},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Physical Review Applied","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"publisher":"American Physical Society","file":[{"checksum":"f0dc6a50222b778fd75cc72a28d38689","file_id":"21456","success":1,"date_updated":"2026-03-16T09:24:53Z","file_name":"2026_PhysicalReviewApplied_Hawaldar.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2026-03-16T09:24:53Z","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1421954,"creator":"dernst"}]},{"year":"2026","article_type":"original","date_published":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2026-03-16T09:05:06Z","date_created":"2026-03-15T23:01:35Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"acknowledgement":"We thank our anonymous referee for carefully reading the manuscript and providing a constructive report with helpful feedback. This work is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #1233. The specific observations analyzed can be accessed via DOI: 10.17909/3c1d-6182. Moreover, this research is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope obtained from the\r\nSpace Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5–26555. These observations are associated with programs #13664, GO-10915, and DD-11307. This research was supported in part by grant NSF PHY-2309135 to the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP). LRP acknowledges support by grants PID2019-105552RB-C41 and PID2022-137779OB-C41 funded\r\nby MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. LRP acknowledges support from grant PID2022-140483NB-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.","intvolume":"       707","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Stellar wind mass loss of massive stars is often assumed to depend on their metallicity Z. Therefore, evolutionary models predict that massive stars in lower-Z environments are able to retain more of their hydrogen-rich layers and evolve into brighter cool supergiants (cool SGs; Teff < 7 kK). Surprisingly, in galaxies in the metallicity range 0.2 ≲ Z/Z⊙ ≲ 1.5, previous studies have not found a metallicity dependence on the upper luminosity limit Lmax of cool SGs. Here, we add four galaxies to the sample studied for this purpose with data from the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Observations of the extremely metal-poor dwarf galaxy I Zw 18 from JWST allow us to extend the studied metallicity range down to Z/Z⊙ ≈ 1/40. For cool SGs in all studied galaxies, including I Zw 18, we find a constant value of Lmax ≈ 105.6 L⊙, similar to literature results for 0.2 ≲ Z/Z⊙ ≲ 1.5. In I Zw 18 and the other studied galaxies, the presence of Wolf-Rayet stars has been previously inferred. Although we cannot rule out that some of them become intermediate-temperature objects, this paints a picture in which evolved stars with L > 105.6 L⊙ burn helium as hot, helium-rich stars down to extremely low metallicity. We argue that metallicity-independent late-phase mass loss would be the most likely mechanism responsible for this. Regardless of the exact stripping mechanism (winds or, for example, binary interaction), for the Early Universe our results imply a limitation on black hole masses and a contribution of stars born with M ≳ 30 M⊙ to its surprisingly strong nitrogen enrichment. We propose a scenario in which single stars at low metallicity emit sufficiently hard ionizing radiation to produce He II and C IV lines. In this scenario, late-phase metallicity-independent mass loss produces hot, helium-rich stars. Due to the well-understood metallicity dependence on the radiation-driven winds of hot stars, a window of opportunity would open below 0.2 Z⊙, where self-stripped helium-rich stars can exist without dense Wolf-Rayet winds that absorb hard ionizing radiation."}],"month":"03","volume":707,"PlanS_conform":"1","DOAJ_listed":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2510.12594"]},"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_number":"A116","publication_status":"published","author":[{"full_name":"Schootemeijer, Abel","last_name":"Schootemeijer","first_name":"Abel"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-6960-6911","full_name":"Götberg, Ylva Louise Linsdotter","id":"d0648d0c-0f64-11ee-a2e0-dd0faa2e4f7d","first_name":"Ylva Louise Linsdotter","last_name":"Götberg"},{"first_name":"Norbert","last_name":"Langer","full_name":"Langer, Norbert"},{"last_name":"Bortolini","first_name":"Giacomo","full_name":"Bortolini, Giacomo"},{"first_name":"Alec S.","last_name":"Hirschauer","full_name":"Hirschauer, Alec S."},{"last_name":"Patrick","first_name":"Lee","full_name":"Patrick, Lee"}],"OA_place":"publisher","title":"A constant upper luminosity limit of cool supergiant stars down to the extremely low metallicity of I Zw 18","_id":"21450","citation":{"short":"A. Schootemeijer, Y.L.L. Götberg, N. Langer, G. Bortolini, A.S. Hirschauer, L. Patrick, Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics 707 (2026).","chicago":"Schootemeijer, Abel, Ylva Louise Linsdotter Götberg, Norbert Langer, Giacomo Bortolini, Alec S. Hirschauer, and Lee Patrick. “A Constant Upper Luminosity Limit of Cool Supergiant Stars down to the Extremely Low Metallicity of I Zw 18.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557675\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557675</a>.","ista":"Schootemeijer A, Götberg YLL, Langer N, Bortolini G, Hirschauer AS, Patrick L. 2026. A constant upper luminosity limit of cool supergiant stars down to the extremely low metallicity of I Zw 18. Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics. 707, A116.","ama":"Schootemeijer A, Götberg YLL, Langer N, Bortolini G, Hirschauer AS, Patrick L. A constant upper luminosity limit of cool supergiant stars down to the extremely low metallicity of I Zw 18. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. 2026;707. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557675\">10.1051/0004-6361/202557675</a>","ieee":"A. Schootemeijer, Y. L. L. Götberg, N. Langer, G. Bortolini, A. S. Hirschauer, and L. Patrick, “A constant upper luminosity limit of cool supergiant stars down to the extremely low metallicity of I Zw 18,” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 707. EDP Sciences, 2026.","apa":"Schootemeijer, A., Götberg, Y. L. L., Langer, N., Bortolini, G., Hirschauer, A. S., &#38; Patrick, L. (2026). A constant upper luminosity limit of cool supergiant stars down to the extremely low metallicity of I Zw 18. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557675\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557675</a>","mla":"Schootemeijer, Abel, et al. “A Constant Upper Luminosity Limit of Cool Supergiant Stars down to the Extremely Low Metallicity of I Zw 18.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 707, A116, EDP Sciences, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557675\">10.1051/0004-6361/202557675</a>."},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","publisher":"EDP Sciences","department":[{"_id":"YlGo"}],"file":[{"file_name":"2026_AstronomyAstrophysics_Schootemeijer.pdf","date_updated":"2026-03-16T09:05:06Z","success":1,"file_id":"21455","checksum":"02a0cd932340207c96fdd3059490ad29","creator":"dernst","file_size":2102107,"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-03-16T09:05:06Z","access_level":"open_access"}],"day":"01","date_updated":"2026-03-16T09:07:55Z","OA_type":"diamond","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202557675","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1432-0746"],"issn":["0004-6361"]},"status":"public","type":"journal_article","arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","ddc":["520"]},{"arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","type":"journal_article","ddc":["520"],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-6361"],"eissn":["1432-0746"]},"doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202557537","day":"01","OA_type":"diamond","date_updated":"2026-03-16T10:59:16Z","_id":"21451","title":"The warm outer layer of a little red dot as the source of [Fe ii] and collisional Balmer lines with scattering wings","OA_place":"publisher","publisher":"EDP Sciences","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"file":[{"date_updated":"2026-03-16T10:57:49Z","file_name":"2026_AstronomyAstrophysics_Torralba2.pdf","checksum":"fcab9cb3dcf1d68612e1fdc8191643c1","file_id":"21460","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":2510157,"creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-03-16T10:57:49Z"}],"citation":{"ama":"Torralba Torregrosa A, Matthee JJ, Pezzulli G, et al. The warm outer layer of a little red dot as the source of [Fe ii] and collisional Balmer lines with scattering wings. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. 2026;707. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557537\">10.1051/0004-6361/202557537</a>","ieee":"A. Torralba Torregrosa <i>et al.</i>, “The warm outer layer of a little red dot as the source of [Fe ii] and collisional Balmer lines with scattering wings,” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 707. EDP Sciences, 2026.","apa":"Torralba Torregrosa, A., Matthee, J. J., Pezzulli, G., Naidu, R. P., Ishikawa, Y., Brammer, G. B., … Wuyts, S. (2026). The warm outer layer of a little red dot as the source of [Fe ii] and collisional Balmer lines with scattering wings. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557537\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557537</a>","mla":"Torralba Torregrosa, Alberto, et al. “The Warm Outer Layer of a Little Red Dot as the Source of [Fe Ii] and Collisional Balmer Lines with Scattering Wings.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 707, A75, EDP Sciences, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557537\">10.1051/0004-6361/202557537</a>.","short":"A. Torralba Torregrosa, J.J. Matthee, G. Pezzulli, R.P. Naidu, Y. Ishikawa, G.B. Brammer, S.J. Chang, J. Chisholm, A. De Graaff, F. D’Eugenio, C. Di Cesare, A.C. Eilers, J.E. Greene, M. Gronke, E. Iani, V. Kokorev, G. Kotiwale, I. Kramarenko, Y. Ma, S. Mascia, B. Navarrete, E. Nelson, P. Oesch, R.A. Simcoe, S. Wuyts, Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics 707 (2026).","chicago":"Torralba Torregrosa, Alberto, Jorryt J Matthee, Gabriele Pezzulli, Rohan P. Naidu, Yuzo Ishikawa, Gabriel B. Brammer, Seok Jun Chang, et al. “The Warm Outer Layer of a Little Red Dot as the Source of [Fe Ii] and Collisional Balmer Lines with Scattering Wings.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557537\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557537</a>.","ista":"Torralba Torregrosa A, Matthee JJ, Pezzulli G, Naidu RP, Ishikawa Y, Brammer GB, Chang SJ, Chisholm J, De Graaff A, D’Eugenio F, Di Cesare C, Eilers AC, Greene JE, Gronke M, Iani E, Kokorev V, Kotiwale G, Kramarenko I, Ma Y, Mascia S, Navarrete B, Nelson E, Oesch P, Simcoe RA, Wuyts S. 2026. The warm outer layer of a little red dot as the source of [Fe ii] and collisional Balmer lines with scattering wings. Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics. 707, A75."},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_number":"A75","publication_status":"published","corr_author":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2510.00103"]},"author":[{"id":"018f0249-0e87-11f0-b167-cbce08fbd541","orcid":"0000-0001-5586-6950","full_name":"Torralba Torregrosa, Alberto","last_name":"Torralba Torregrosa","first_name":"Alberto"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee"},{"last_name":"Pezzulli","first_name":"Gabriele","full_name":"Pezzulli, Gabriele"},{"last_name":"Naidu","first_name":"Rohan P.","full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P."},{"first_name":"Yuzo","last_name":"Ishikawa","full_name":"Ishikawa, Yuzo"},{"last_name":"Brammer","first_name":"Gabriel B.","full_name":"Brammer, Gabriel B."},{"full_name":"Chang, Seok Jun","first_name":"Seok Jun","last_name":"Chang"},{"full_name":"Chisholm, John","last_name":"Chisholm","first_name":"John"},{"last_name":"De Graaff","first_name":"Anna","full_name":"De Graaff, Anna"},{"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"D’Eugenio","full_name":"D’Eugenio, Francesco"},{"id":"2d002343-372f-11ef-98ec-a164d20427cb","full_name":"Di Cesare, Claudia","last_name":"Di Cesare","first_name":"Claudia"},{"last_name":"Eilers","first_name":"Anna Christina","full_name":"Eilers, Anna Christina"},{"last_name":"Greene","first_name":"Jenny E.","full_name":"Greene, Jenny E."},{"last_name":"Gronke","first_name":"Max","full_name":"Gronke, Max"},{"first_name":"Edoardo","last_name":"Iani","full_name":"Iani, Edoardo","orcid":"0000-0001-8386-3546","id":"4053390a-6b68-11ef-9828-a3b8adef8d0a"},{"full_name":"Kokorev, Vasily","first_name":"Vasily","last_name":"Kokorev"},{"last_name":"Kotiwale","first_name":"Gauri","id":"1438afc8-1ff6-11ee-9fa6-cd4a75d66875","full_name":"Kotiwale, Gauri"},{"full_name":"Kramarenko, Ivan","orcid":"0000-0001-5346-6048","id":"9a9394cb-3200-11ee-973b-f5ba2a8b16e4","first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Kramarenko"},{"first_name":"Yilun","last_name":"Ma","full_name":"Ma, Yilun"},{"last_name":"Mascia","first_name":"Sara","id":"edaf889c-c7cd-11ef-ab1b-bb28c431bd29","full_name":"Mascia, Sara"},{"full_name":"Navarrete, Benjamín","id":"aa14a535-50c9-11ef-b52e-e0c373d10148","first_name":"Benjamín","last_name":"Navarrete"},{"full_name":"Nelson, Erica","last_name":"Nelson","first_name":"Erica"},{"last_name":"Oesch","first_name":"Pascal","full_name":"Oesch, Pascal"},{"first_name":"Robert A.","last_name":"Simcoe","full_name":"Simcoe, Robert A."},{"last_name":"Wuyts","first_name":"Stijn","full_name":"Wuyts, Stijn"}],"project":[{"_id":"bd9b2118-d553-11ed-ba76-db24564edfea","name":"Young galaxies as tracers and agents of cosmic reionization","grant_number":"101076224"}],"DOAJ_listed":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","month":"03","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The population of the little red dots (LRDs) may represent a key phase of supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth. A cocoon of dense excited gas is emerging as a key component to explain the most striking properties of LRDs, such as strong Balmer breaks and Balmer absorption, as well as the weak IR emission. To dissect the structure of LRDs, we analyzed new deep JWST/NIRSpec PRISM and G395H spectra of FRESCO-GN-9771, one of the most luminous known LRDs at z = 5.5. These spectra reveal a strong Balmer break, broad Balmer lines, and very narrow [O III] emission. We revealed a forest of optical [Fe II] lines, which we argue are emerging from a dense (nH = 109 − 10 cm−3) warm layer with electron temperature Te ≈ 7000 K. The broad wings of Hα and Hβ have an exponential profile due to electron scattering in this same layer. The high Hα : Hβ : Hγ flux ratio of ≈10.4 : 1 : 0.14 is an indicator of collisional excitation and resonant scattering dominating the Balmer line emission. A narrow Hγ component, unseen in the other two Balmer lines due to outshining by the broad components, could trace the ISM of a normal host galaxy with a star formation rate of ∼5 M⊙ yr−1. The warm layer is mostly opaque to Balmer transitions, producing a characteristic P Cygni profile in the line centers suggesting outflowing motions. This same layer is responsible for shaping the Balmer break. The broadband spectrum can be reasonably matched by a simple photoionized slab model that dominates the λ > 1500 Å continuum and a low-mass (∼108 M⊙) galaxy that could explain the narrow [O III], with only a subdominant contribution to the UV continuum. Our findings indicate that Balmer lines are not directly tracing the gas kinematics near the SMBH and that the BH mass scale is likely much lower than virial indicators suggest."}],"volume":707,"date_created":"2026-03-15T23:01:36Z","year":"2026","article_type":"original","date_published":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2026-03-16T10:57:49Z","intvolume":"       707","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"We thank the scientific referee for useful and constructive comments. We thank Ylva Götberg and Zoltan Haiman for insightful discussions about the physics of gaseous envelopes and accretion into black holes. Funded by the European Union (ERC, AGENTS, 101076224). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. This work is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #5664. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349.","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]}]