[{"acknowledgement":"Based on data collected at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) under programme ID 112.25R7. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe research and innovation programme (grant agreement numbers 772225: MULTIPLES, 772086: ASSESS and 945806: TEL-STARS, ADG101054731: Stellar-BHs-SDSS-V, and 101164755: METAL). This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) under grant number 0603225041. We acknowledge support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (research grant ST/V000853/1 and ST/V000233/1), UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) and the UK government’s ERC Horizon Europe funding guarantee (grant number EP/Y031059/1), a Royal Society University Research Fellowship (grant number URF\\R1\\231631), a Royal Society–Science Foundation Ireland University Research Fellowship, the German Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Project-ID 496854903, 445674056 and 443790621, Germany’s Excellence Strategy EXC 2181/1-390900948), the Klaus Tschira Foundation, the JSPS Kakenhi Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (23K19071) and international fellowships (at the Graduate school of Science, Tokyo University), the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav; project number CE230100016), the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR) grants FKZ 50OR2005 and 50OR2306, Agencia Española de Investigación (AEI) of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades (MICIU) and the European Regional Development Fund, FEDER and Severo Ochoa Programme (grants PID2021-122397NB-C21 and CEX2019-000920-S), the NextGeneration EU/PRTR and MIU (UNI/551/2021) trough grant Margarita Salas-UL, the CAPES-Br and FAPERJ/DSC-10 (SEI-260003/001630/2023), MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 by ‘ERDF A way of making Europe’ (grants PID2019-105552RB-C41 and PID2022-137779OB-C41, PID2021-125485NB-C22, CEX2019-000918-M) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (State Agency for Research of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) and SGR-2021-01069 (AGAUR), the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (10.13 039/501 100 011 033; grant PID2022-136 640 NB-C22), the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC; grant 2022-AEP 005), the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (BEKKER fellowship BPN/BEK/2022/1/00106) and National Science Center (NCN, Poland; grant number OPUS 2021/41/B/ST9/00757), the ‘La Caixa’ Foundation (ID 100010434) under the fellowship code LCF/BQ/PI23/11970035, the Research foundation Flanders (FWO) PhD fellowship under project 11E1721N and senior postdoctoral fellowship under number 12ZY523N, and the Netherlands Research Council NWO (VIDI 203.061 grant).","external_id":{"isi":["001568077900001"],"arxiv":["2509.12488"]},"_id":"20352","publisher":"Springer Nature","date_updated":"2026-09-16T10:03:32Z","title":"A high fraction of close massive binary stars at low metallicity","citation":{"apa":"Sana, H., Shenar, T., Bodensteiner, J., Britavskiy, N., Langer, N., Lennon, D. J., … Willcox, R. (2025). A high fraction of close massive binary stars at low metallicity. <i>Nature Astronomy</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x</a>","mla":"Sana, H., et al. “A High Fraction of Close Massive Binary Stars at Low Metallicity.” <i>Nature Astronomy</i>, vol. 9, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 1337–46, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x\">10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x</a>.","ama":"Sana H, Shenar T, Bodensteiner J, et al. A high fraction of close massive binary stars at low metallicity. <i>Nature Astronomy</i>. 2025;9:1337-1346. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x\">10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x</a>","short":"H. Sana, T. Shenar, J. Bodensteiner, N. Britavskiy, N. Langer, D.J. Lennon, L. Mahy, I. Mandel, S.E. De Mink, L.R. Patrick, J.I. Villaseñor, M. Dirickx, M. Abdul-Masih, L.A. Almeida, F. Backs, S.R. Berlanas, M. Bernini-Peron, D.M. Bowman, V.A. Bronner, P.A. Crowther, K. Deshmukh, C.J. Evans, M. Fabry, M. Gieles, A. Gilkis, G. González-Torà, G. Gräfener, Y.L.L. Götberg, C. Hawcroft, V. Hénault-Brunet, A. Herrero, G. Holgado, R.G. Izzard, A. De Koter, S. Janssens, C. Johnston, J. Josiek, S. Justham, V.M. Kalari, J. Klencki, J. Kubát, B. Kubátová, R.R. Lefever, J.T. Van Loon, B. Ludwig, J. Mackey, J. Maíz Apellániz, G. Maravelias, P. Marchant, T. Mazeh, A. Menon, M. Moe, F. Najarro, L.M. Oskinova, R. Ovadia, D. Pauli, M. Pawlak, V. Ramachandran, M. Renzo, D.F. Rocha, A.A.C. Sander, F.R.N. Schneider, A. Schootemeijer, E.C. Schösser, C. Schürmann, K. Sen, S. Shahaf, S. Simón-Díaz, L.A.C. Van Son, M. Stoop, S. Toonen, F. Tramper, R. Valli, A. Vigna-Gómez, J.S. Vink, C. Wang, R. Willcox, Nature Astronomy 9 (2025) 1337–1346.","chicago":"Sana, H., T. Shenar, J. Bodensteiner, N. Britavskiy, N. Langer, D. J. Lennon, L. Mahy, et al. “A High Fraction of Close Massive Binary Stars at Low Metallicity.” <i>Nature Astronomy</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x</a>.","ista":"Sana H, Shenar T, Bodensteiner J, Britavskiy N, Langer N, Lennon DJ, Mahy L, Mandel I, De Mink SE, Patrick LR, Villaseñor JI, Dirickx M, Abdul-Masih M, Almeida LA, Backs F, Berlanas SR, Bernini-Peron M, Bowman DM, Bronner VA, Crowther PA, Deshmukh K, Evans CJ, Fabry M, Gieles M, Gilkis A, González-Torà G, Gräfener G, Götberg YLL, Hawcroft C, Hénault-Brunet V, Herrero A, Holgado G, Izzard RG, De Koter A, Janssens S, Johnston C, Josiek J, Justham S, Kalari VM, Klencki J, Kubát J, Kubátová B, Lefever RR, Van Loon JT, Ludwig B, Mackey J, Maíz Apellániz J, Maravelias G, Marchant P, Mazeh T, Menon A, Moe M, Najarro F, Oskinova LM, Ovadia R, Pauli D, Pawlak M, Ramachandran V, Renzo M, Rocha DF, Sander AAC, Schneider FRN, Schootemeijer A, Schösser EC, Schürmann C, Sen K, Shahaf S, Simón-Díaz S, Van Son LAC, Stoop M, Toonen S, Tramper F, Valli R, Vigna-Gómez A, Vink JS, Wang C, Willcox R. 2025. A high fraction of close massive binary stars at low metallicity. Nature Astronomy. 9, 1337–1346.","ieee":"H. Sana <i>et al.</i>, “A high fraction of close massive binary stars at low metallicity,” <i>Nature Astronomy</i>, vol. 9. Springer Nature, pp. 1337–1346, 2025."},"doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2397-3366"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"At high metallicity, a majority of massive stars have at least one close stellar companion. The evolution of such binaries is subject to strong interaction processes, which heavily impact the characteristics of their life-ending supernova and compact remnants. For the low-metallicity environments of high-redshift galaxies, constraints on the multiplicity properties of massive stars over the separation range leading to binary interaction are crucially missing. Here we show that the presence of massive stars in close binaries is ubiquitous, even at low metallicity. Using the Very Large Telescope, we obtained multi-epoch radial velocity measurements of a representative sample of 139 massive O-type stars across the Small Magellanic Cloud, which has a metal content of about one-fifth of the solar value. We find that 45% of them show radial velocity variations that demonstrate that they are members of close binary systems, and predominantly have orbital periods shorter than 1 year. Correcting for observational biases indicates that at least 70+11−6 %  of the O stars in our sample are in close binaries, and that at least 68+7\r\n−8% of all O stars interact with a companion star during their lifetime. We found no evidence supporting a statistically significant trend of the multiplicity properties with metallicity. Our results indicate that multiplicity and binary interactions govern the evolution of massive stars and determine their cosmic feedback and explosive fates."}],"article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"YlGo"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.12488"}],"scopus_import":"1","month":"09","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","intvolume":"         9","status":"public","year":"2025","researchdata_availability":"no","oa":1,"date_published":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2025-09-14T22:01:32Z","publication":"Nature Astronomy","publication_status":"published","arxiv":1,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x","quality_controlled":"1","OA_type":"green","article_type":"original","volume":9,"supplementarymaterial":"no","das_tickbox":"1","page":"1337-1346","OA_place":"repository","day":"02","author":[{"full_name":"Sana, H.","first_name":"H.","last_name":"Sana"},{"first_name":"T.","full_name":"Shenar, T.","last_name":"Shenar"},{"first_name":"J.","full_name":"Bodensteiner, J.","last_name":"Bodensteiner"},{"full_name":"Britavskiy, N.","first_name":"N.","last_name":"Britavskiy"},{"first_name":"N.","full_name":"Langer, N.","last_name":"Langer"},{"last_name":"Lennon","first_name":"D. J.","full_name":"Lennon, D. J."},{"full_name":"Mahy, L.","first_name":"L.","last_name":"Mahy"},{"last_name":"Mandel","first_name":"I.","full_name":"Mandel, I."},{"last_name":"De Mink","full_name":"De Mink, S. E.","first_name":"S. E."},{"last_name":"Patrick","first_name":"L. R.","full_name":"Patrick, L. R."},{"first_name":"J. I.","full_name":"Villaseñor, J. I.","last_name":"Villaseñor"},{"full_name":"Dirickx, M.","first_name":"M.","last_name":"Dirickx"},{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"Abdul-Masih, M.","last_name":"Abdul-Masih"},{"last_name":"Almeida","full_name":"Almeida, L. A.","first_name":"L. A."},{"full_name":"Backs, F.","first_name":"F.","last_name":"Backs"},{"last_name":"Berlanas","first_name":"S. R.","full_name":"Berlanas, S. R."},{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"Bernini-Peron, M.","last_name":"Bernini-Peron"},{"first_name":"D. M.","full_name":"Bowman, D. M.","last_name":"Bowman"},{"last_name":"Bronner","full_name":"Bronner, V. A.","first_name":"V. A."},{"last_name":"Crowther","first_name":"P. A.","full_name":"Crowther, P. A."},{"last_name":"Deshmukh","full_name":"Deshmukh, K.","first_name":"K."},{"last_name":"Evans","first_name":"C. J.","full_name":"Evans, C. J."},{"last_name":"Fabry","full_name":"Fabry, M.","first_name":"M."},{"last_name":"Gieles","full_name":"Gieles, M.","first_name":"M."},{"full_name":"Gilkis, A.","first_name":"A.","last_name":"Gilkis"},{"last_name":"González-Torà","first_name":"G.","full_name":"González-Torà, G."},{"full_name":"Gräfener, G.","first_name":"G.","last_name":"Gräfener"},{"full_name":"Götberg, Ylva Louise Linsdotter","first_name":"Ylva Louise Linsdotter","id":"d0648d0c-0f64-11ee-a2e0-dd0faa2e4f7d","last_name":"Götberg","orcid":"0000-0002-6960-6911"},{"last_name":"Hawcroft","first_name":"C.","full_name":"Hawcroft, C."},{"last_name":"Hénault-Brunet","full_name":"Hénault-Brunet, V.","first_name":"V."},{"last_name":"Herrero","first_name":"A.","full_name":"Herrero, A."},{"last_name":"Holgado","first_name":"G.","full_name":"Holgado, G."},{"last_name":"Izzard","full_name":"Izzard, R. G.","first_name":"R. G."},{"last_name":"De Koter","full_name":"De Koter, A.","first_name":"A."},{"last_name":"Janssens","first_name":"S.","full_name":"Janssens, S."},{"first_name":"C.","full_name":"Johnston, C.","last_name":"Johnston"},{"last_name":"Josiek","first_name":"J.","full_name":"Josiek, J."},{"first_name":"S.","full_name":"Justham, S.","last_name":"Justham"},{"last_name":"Kalari","first_name":"V. M.","full_name":"Kalari, V. M."},{"full_name":"Klencki, J.","first_name":"J.","last_name":"Klencki"},{"full_name":"Kubát, J.","first_name":"J.","last_name":"Kubát"},{"full_name":"Kubátová, B.","first_name":"B.","last_name":"Kubátová"},{"full_name":"Lefever, R. R.","first_name":"R. R.","last_name":"Lefever"},{"last_name":"Van Loon","full_name":"Van Loon, J. Th","first_name":"J. Th"},{"full_name":"Ludwig, B.","first_name":"B.","last_name":"Ludwig"},{"first_name":"J.","full_name":"Mackey, J.","last_name":"Mackey"},{"full_name":"Maíz Apellániz, J.","first_name":"J.","last_name":"Maíz Apellániz"},{"last_name":"Maravelias","full_name":"Maravelias, G.","first_name":"G."},{"last_name":"Marchant","first_name":"P.","full_name":"Marchant, P."},{"full_name":"Mazeh, T.","first_name":"T.","last_name":"Mazeh"},{"full_name":"Menon, A.","first_name":"A.","last_name":"Menon"},{"full_name":"Moe, M.","first_name":"M.","last_name":"Moe"},{"full_name":"Najarro, F.","first_name":"F.","last_name":"Najarro"},{"full_name":"Oskinova, L. M.","first_name":"L. M.","last_name":"Oskinova"},{"last_name":"Ovadia","first_name":"R.","full_name":"Ovadia, R."},{"last_name":"Pauli","first_name":"D.","full_name":"Pauli, D."},{"full_name":"Pawlak, M.","first_name":"M.","last_name":"Pawlak"},{"first_name":"V.","full_name":"Ramachandran, V.","last_name":"Ramachandran"},{"last_name":"Renzo","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Renzo, M."},{"last_name":"Rocha","full_name":"Rocha, D. F.","first_name":"D. F."},{"first_name":"A. A.C.","full_name":"Sander, A. A.C.","last_name":"Sander"},{"last_name":"Schneider","first_name":"F. R.N.","full_name":"Schneider, F. R.N."},{"last_name":"Schootemeijer","full_name":"Schootemeijer, A.","first_name":"A."},{"full_name":"Schösser, E. C.","first_name":"E. C.","last_name":"Schösser"},{"full_name":"Schürmann, C.","first_name":"C.","last_name":"Schürmann"},{"last_name":"Sen","full_name":"Sen, K.","first_name":"K."},{"last_name":"Shahaf","first_name":"S.","full_name":"Shahaf, S."},{"first_name":"S.","full_name":"Simón-Díaz, S.","last_name":"Simón-Díaz"},{"full_name":"Van Son, L. A.C.","first_name":"L. A.C.","last_name":"Van Son"},{"full_name":"Stoop, M.","first_name":"M.","last_name":"Stoop"},{"first_name":"S.","full_name":"Toonen, S.","last_name":"Toonen"},{"last_name":"Tramper","full_name":"Tramper, F.","first_name":"F."},{"last_name":"Valli","full_name":"Valli, R.","first_name":"R."},{"last_name":"Vigna-Gómez","full_name":"Vigna-Gómez, A.","first_name":"A."},{"first_name":"J. S.","full_name":"Vink, J. S.","last_name":"Vink"},{"last_name":"Wang","first_name":"C.","full_name":"Wang, C."},{"last_name":"Willcox","full_name":"Willcox, R.","first_name":"R."}],"isi":1},{"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","ec_funded":1,"OA_place":"repository","day":"30","author":[{"first_name":"Giorgio","full_name":"Cipolloni, Giorgio","id":"42198EFA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4901-7992","last_name":"Cipolloni"},{"first_name":"László","full_name":"Erdös, László","id":"4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Erdös","orcid":"0000-0001-5366-9603"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-1106-327X","id":"31d731d7-d235-11ea-ad11-b50331c8d7fb","last_name":"Henheik","first_name":"Sven Joscha","full_name":"Henheik, Sven Joscha"},{"last_name":"Kolupaiev","orcid":"0000-0003-1491-4623","id":"149b70d4-896a-11ed-bdf8-8c63fd44ca61","full_name":"Kolupaiev, Oleksii","first_name":"Oleksii"}],"publication":"arXiv","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"publication_status":"draft","arxiv":1,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718","type":"preprint","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"19540","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"},{"status":"public","relation":"later_version","id":"22923"}]},"status":"public","year":"2025","oa":1,"date_published":"2025-01-30T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2025-04-11T08:34:49Z","oa_version":"Preprint","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","month":"01","project":[{"grant_number":"101020331","_id":"62796744-2b32-11ec-9570-940b20777f1d","name":"Random matrices beyond Wigner-Dyson-Mehta","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718","citation":{"apa":"Cipolloni, G., Erdös, L., Henheik, S. J., &#38; Kolupaiev, O. (n.d.). Eigenvector decorrelation for random matrices. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718</a>","mla":"Cipolloni, Giorgio, et al. “Eigenvector Decorrelation for Random Matrices.” <i>ArXiv</i>, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718\">10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718</a>.","ama":"Cipolloni G, Erdös L, Henheik SJ, Kolupaiev O. Eigenvector decorrelation for random matrices. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718\">10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718</a>","chicago":"Cipolloni, Giorgio, László Erdös, Sven Joscha Henheik, and Oleksii Kolupaiev. “Eigenvector Decorrelation for Random Matrices.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718</a>.","short":"G. Cipolloni, L. Erdös, S.J. Henheik, O. Kolupaiev, ArXiv (n.d.).","ista":"Cipolloni G, Erdös L, Henheik SJ, Kolupaiev O. Eigenvector decorrelation for random matrices. arXiv, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718\">10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718</a>.","ieee":"G. Cipolloni, L. Erdös, S. J. Henheik, and O. Kolupaiev, “Eigenvector decorrelation for random matrices,” <i>arXiv</i>. ."},"abstract":[{"text":"We study the sensitivity of the eigenvectors of random matrices, showing that\r\neven small perturbations make the eigenvectors almost orthogonal. More\r\nprecisely, we consider two deformed Wigner matrices $W+D_1$, $W+D_2$ and show\r\nthat their bulk eigenvectors become asymptotically orthogonal as soon as\r\n$\\mathrm{Tr}(D_1-D_2)^2\\gg 1$, or their respective energies are separated on a\r\nscale much bigger than the local eigenvalue spacing. Furthermore, we show that\r\nquadratic forms of eigenvectors of $W+D_1$, $W+D_2$ with any deterministic\r\nmatrix $A\\in\\mathbf{C}^{N\\times N}$ in a specific subspace of codimension one\r\nare of size $N^{-1/2}$. This proves a generalization of the Eigenstate\r\nThermalization Hypothesis to eigenvectors belonging to two different spectral\r\nfamilies.","lang":"eng"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"LaEr"}],"corr_author":"1","acknowledgement":"Supported by the ERC Advanced Grant “RMTBeyond” No. 101020331.","external_id":{"arxiv":["2410.10718"]},"_id":"19546","date_updated":"2026-09-16T10:00:54Z","title":"Eigenvector decorrelation for random matrices"},{"page":"131755-131780","das_tickbox":"0","OA_place":"repository","day":"01","author":[{"full_name":"Ashkboos, Saleh","first_name":"Saleh","last_name":"Ashkboos"},{"last_name":"Nikdan","id":"66374281-f394-11eb-9cf6-869147deecc0","full_name":"Nikdan, Mahdi","first_name":"Mahdi"},{"orcid":"0009-0003-4119-6281","last_name":"Tabesh","id":"06000900-6068-11ef-8d61-c2472ef2e752","full_name":"Tabesh, Soroush","first_name":"Soroush"},{"id":"18495c31-fb57-11ef-ba0d-c290e10e394e","last_name":"Lopez Castro","full_name":"Lopez Castro, Roberto","first_name":"Roberto"},{"last_name":"Hoefler","first_name":"Torsten","full_name":"Hoefler, Torsten"},{"first_name":"Dan-Adrian","full_name":"Alistarh, Dan-Adrian","last_name":"Alistarh","orcid":"0000-0003-3650-940X","id":"4A899BFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"quality_controlled":"1","OA_type":"green","supplementarymaterial":"no","volume":38,"publication":"39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3966","publication_status":"published","arxiv":1,"conference":{"location":"San Diego, CA, United States","start_date":"2025-12-02","end_date":"2025-12-07","name":"NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems"},"type":"conference","year":"2025","status":"public","researchdata_availability":"no","intvolume":"        38","date_published":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"date_created":"2026-09-06T22:02:00Z","oa_version":"Preprint","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2501.02625","open_access":"1"}],"scopus_import":"1","month":"12","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1049-5258"],"isbn":["9798331338275"]},"abstract":[{"text":"Quantized training of Large Language Models (LLMs) remains an open challenge, as maintaining accuracy while performing all matrix multiplications in low precision has proven difficult. This is particularly the case when fine-tuning pre-trained models, which can have large weight, activation, and error (output gradient) outlier values that make lower-precision optimization difficult. To address this, we present HALO, a new quantization-aware training approach for Transformers that enables accurate and efficient low-precision training by combining 1) strategic placement of Hadamard rotations in both forward and backward passes, which mitigate outliers, 2) high-performance kernel support, and 3) FSDP integration for low-precision communication. Our approach ensures that all large matrix multiplications during the forward and backward passes are executed in lower precision. Applied to LLaMa models, HALO achieves near-full-precision-equivalent results during fine-tuning on various tasks, while delivering up to 1.41x end-to-end speedup for full fine-tuning on RTX 4090 GPUs. HALO efficiently supports both standard and parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT). Our results demonstrate the first practical approach to fully quantized LLM fine-tuning that maintains accuracy in INT8 and FP6 precision, while delivering performance benefits.","lang":"eng"}],"doi":"10.52202/085713-3966","citation":{"chicago":"Ashkboos, Saleh, Mahdi Nikdan, Soroush Tabesh, Roberto Lopez Castro, Torsten Hoefler, and Dan-Adrian Alistarh. “HALO: Hadamard-Assisted Lower-Precision Optimization for LLMs.” In <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, 38:131755–80. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3966\">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3966</a>.","short":"S. Ashkboos, M. Nikdan, S. Tabesh, R. Lopez Castro, T. Hoefler, D.-A. Alistarh, in:, 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 131755–131780.","ama":"Ashkboos S, Nikdan M, Tabesh S, Lopez Castro R, Hoefler T, Alistarh D-A. HALO: Hadamard-assisted lower-precision optimization for LLMs. In: <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>. Vol 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation; 2025:131755-131780. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3966\">10.52202/085713-3966</a>","ieee":"S. Ashkboos, M. Nikdan, S. Tabesh, R. Lopez Castro, T. Hoefler, and D.-A. Alistarh, “HALO: Hadamard-assisted lower-precision optimization for LLMs,” in <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, San Diego, CA, United States, 2025, vol. 38, pp. 131755–131780.","ista":"Ashkboos S, Nikdan M, Tabesh S, Lopez Castro R, Hoefler T, Alistarh D-A. 2025. HALO: Hadamard-assisted lower-precision optimization for LLMs. 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 38, 131755–131780.","mla":"Ashkboos, Saleh, et al. “HALO: Hadamard-Assisted Lower-Precision Optimization for LLMs.” <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, vol. 38, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 131755–80, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3966\">10.52202/085713-3966</a>.","apa":"Ashkboos, S., Nikdan, M., Tabesh, S., Lopez Castro, R., Hoefler, T., &#38; Alistarh, D.-A. (2025). HALO: Hadamard-assisted lower-precision optimization for LLMs. In <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i> (Vol. 38, pp. 131755–131780). San Diego, CA, United States: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3966\">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3966</a>"},"article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"DaAl"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"alternative_title":["Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2501.02625"]},"acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European\r\nUnion’s Horizon 2020 program (grant agreement PSAP, No. 101002047. This research also obtained\r\nfunding from the “UrbanTwin: An urban digital twin for climate action: Assessing policies and\r\nsolutions for energy, water and infrastructure” project, funded by the ETH-Domain Joint Initiative\r\nprogram in the Strategic Area Energy, Climate and Sustainable Environment.","date_updated":"2026-09-17T06:39:18Z","_id":"22827","publisher":"Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation","title":"HALO: Hadamard-assisted lower-precision optimization for LLMs"},{"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2502.06343","open_access":"1"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"12","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","project":[{"grant_number":"COE12","_id":"a392d8f0-b034-11f1-b88e-d3025c6734f6","name":"Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Locatello)"}],"dataavailabilitystatement":"We share all the code implementation in the supplementary material.\r\nOur new experimental ecology dataset preview is anonymously shared on Figshare at\r\nhttps://figshare.com/s/9a490b6f6eeebd73350b. We further rely on ISTAnt dataset publicly\r\navailable at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26484934.v2. The synthetic experiments\r\non CausalMNIST relies on MNIST dataset LeCun [1998], publicly available. Additional\r\nexperimental details are reported in Section 5 and Appendices B-C.","article_processing_charge":"No","abstract":[{"text":"In many scientific experiments, the data annotating cost constraints the pace\r\nfor testing novel hypotheses. Yet, modern machine learning pipelines offer a\r\npromising solution—provided their predictions yield correct conclusions. We\r\nfocus on Prediction-Powered Causal Inferences (PPCI), i.e., estimating the\r\ntreatment effect in an unlabeled target experiment, relying on training data with\r\nthe same outcome annotated but potentially different treatment or effect modifiers.\r\nWe first show that conditional calibration guarantees valid PPCI at population\r\nlevel. Then, we introduce a sufficient representation constraint transferring validity\r\nacross experiments, which we propose to enforce in practice in Deconfounded\r\nEmpirical Risk Minimization, our new model-agnostic training objective. We\r\nvalidate our method on synthetic and real-world scientific data, solving impossible\r\nproblem instances for Empirical Risk Minimization even with standard invariance\r\nconstraints. In particular, for the first time, we achieve valid causal inference\r\non a scientific experiment with complex recording and no human annotations,\r\nfine-tuning a foundational model on our similar annotated experiment.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1049-5258"],"isbn":["9798331338275"]},"doi":"10.52202/085713-2479","citation":{"ama":"Cadei R, Demirel I, De Bartolomeis P, et al. Prediction-Powered Causal Inferences. In: <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>. Vol 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation; 2025:82200-82229. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-2479\">10.52202/085713-2479</a>","short":"R. Cadei, I. Demirel, P. De Bartolomeis, L. Lindorfer, S. Cremer, C. Schmid, F. Locatello, in:, 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 82200–82229.","chicago":"Cadei, Riccardo, Ilker Demirel, Piersilvio De Bartolomeis, Lukas Lindorfer, Sylvia Cremer, Cordelia Schmid, and Francesco Locatello. “Prediction-Powered Causal Inferences.” In <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, 38:82200–229. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-2479\">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-2479</a>.","ista":"Cadei R, Demirel I, De Bartolomeis P, Lindorfer L, Cremer S, Schmid C, Locatello F. 2025. Prediction-Powered Causal Inferences. 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 38, 82200–82229.","ieee":"R. Cadei <i>et al.</i>, “Prediction-Powered Causal Inferences,” in <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, San Diego, CA, United States, 2025, vol. 38, pp. 82200–82229.","apa":"Cadei, R., Demirel, I., De Bartolomeis, P., Lindorfer, L., Cremer, S., Schmid, C., &#38; Locatello, F. (2025). Prediction-Powered Causal Inferences. In <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i> (Vol. 38, pp. 82200–82229). San Diego, CA, United States: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-2479\">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-2479</a>","mla":"Cadei, Riccardo, et al. “Prediction-Powered Causal Inferences.” <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, vol. 38, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 82200–29, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-2479\">10.52202/085713-2479</a>."},"corr_author":"1","alternative_title":["Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"],"department":[{"_id":"FrLo"},{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"SyCr"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-17T06:56:40Z","publisher":"Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation","_id":"22832","external_id":{"arxiv":["2502.06343"]},"acknowledgement":"We thank the Causal Learning and Artificial Intelligence group at ISTA for the continuous feedback\r\non the project and valuable discussions. We thank the Social Immunity group at ISTA, particularly\r\nJinook Oh, for the annotation program and Michaela Hoenigsberger for supporting our ecological\r\nexperiment. Riccardo Cadei is supported by a Google Research Scholar Award and a Google Initiated\r\nGift to Francesco Locatello. This research was funded in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)\r\n10.55776/COE12). It was further partially supported by the ISTA Interdisciplinary Project Committee\r\nfor the collaborative project “ALED” between Francesco Locatello and Sylvia Cremer. For open\r\naccess purposes, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any author accepted\r\nmanuscript version arising from this submission.\r\n","title":"Prediction-Powered Causal Inferences","OA_place":"repository","page":"82200-82229","das_tickbox":"1","author":[{"id":"0fa8b76f-72f0-11ef-b75a-a5da96e5ad6b","last_name":"Cadei","full_name":"Cadei, Riccardo","first_name":"Riccardo"},{"first_name":"Ilker","full_name":"Demirel, Ilker","last_name":"Demirel"},{"full_name":"De Bartolomeis, Piersilvio","first_name":"Piersilvio","last_name":"De Bartolomeis"},{"full_name":"Lindorfer, Lukas","first_name":"Lukas","last_name":"Lindorfer","id":"85f0e6d3-06b3-11ec-8982-8c5049fa4455"},{"first_name":"Sylvia","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Cremer","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868"},{"full_name":"Schmid, Cordelia","first_name":"Cordelia","last_name":"Schmid"},{"full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Locatello","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683","id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4"}],"day":"01","OA_type":"green","quality_controlled":"1","supplementarymaterial":"yes","volume":38,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-2479","publication_status":"published","arxiv":1,"publication":"39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","conference":{"location":"San Diego, CA, United States","name":"NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems","end_date":"2025-12-07","start_date":"2025-12-02"},"year":"2025","status":"public","researchdata_availability":"yes","intvolume":"        38","type":"conference","date_created":"2026-09-06T22:02:01Z","date_published":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","oa":1},{"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c","name":"IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program","grant_number":"101034413"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"12","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"None","title":"Connecting neural models latent geometries with relative geodesic representations","date_updated":"2026-09-17T07:09:28Z","_id":"22831","publisher":"Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation","external_id":{"arxiv":["2506.01599"]},"acknowledgement":"We thank Gregor Krzmanc, German Magai, Vital Fernandez for insightful discussions in the early\r\nstages of the project. HY was supported by the Research Council of Finland Flagship programme:\r\nFinnish Center for Artificial Intelligence FCAI. HY wishes to acknowledge CSC - IT Center for\r\nScience, Finland, for computational resources. GA was supported by the DFF Sapere Aude Starting\r\nGrant “GADL”. SH was supported by a research grant (42062) from VILLUM FONDEN and partly\r\nfunded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation through the Center for Basic Research in Life Science\r\n(NNF20OC0062606). SH received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the\r\nEuropean Union’s Horizon Programme (grant agreement 101125003). MF is supported by the MSCA\r\nIST-Bridge fellowship which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research\r\nand innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101034413.","alternative_title":["Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"],"corr_author":"1","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Neural models learn representations of high-dimensional data on low-dimensional\r\nmanifolds. Multiple factors, including stochasticities in the training process, model\r\narchitectures, and additional inductive biases, may induce different representations,\r\neven when learning the same task on the same data. However, it has recently been\r\nshown that when a latent structure is shared between distinct latent spaces, relative\r\ndistances between representations can be preserved, up to distortions. Building\r\non this idea, we demonstrate that exploiting the differential-geometric structure of\r\nlatent spaces of neural models, it is possible to capture precisely the transformations\r\nbetween representational spaces trained on similar data distributions. Specifically,\r\nwe assume that distinct neural models parametrize approximately the same underlying manifold, and introduce a representation based on the pullback metric\r\nthat captures the intrinsic structure of the latent space, while scaling efficiently\r\nto large models. We validate experimentally our method on model stitching and\r\nretrieval tasks, covering autoencoders and vision foundation discriminative models,\r\nacross diverse architectures, datasets, pretraining schemes and modalities. Code is\r\navailable at https://github.com/marc0git/RelativeGeodesics."}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1049-5258"],"isbn":["9798331338275"]},"doi":"10.52202/085713-3769","citation":{"apa":"Yu, H., Inal, B., Arvanitidis, G., Hauberg, S., Locatello, F., &#38; Fumero, M. (2025). Connecting neural models latent geometries with relative geodesic representations. In <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i> (Vol. 38, pp. 125316–125360). San Diego, CA, United States: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3769\">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3769</a>","mla":"Yu, Hanlin, et al. “Connecting Neural Models Latent Geometries with Relative Geodesic Representations.” <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, vol. 38, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 125316–60, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3769\">10.52202/085713-3769</a>.","ama":"Yu H, Inal B, Arvanitidis G, Hauberg S, Locatello F, Fumero M. Connecting neural models latent geometries with relative geodesic representations. In: <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>. Vol 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation; 2025:125316-125360. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3769\">10.52202/085713-3769</a>","chicago":"Yu, Hanlin, Berfin Inal, Georgios Arvanitidis, Søren Hauberg, Francesco Locatello, and Marco Fumero. “Connecting Neural Models Latent Geometries with Relative Geodesic Representations.” In <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, 38:125316–60. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3769\">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3769</a>.","short":"H. Yu, B. Inal, G. Arvanitidis, S. Hauberg, F. Locatello, M. Fumero, in:, 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 125316–125360.","ista":"Yu H, Inal B, Arvanitidis G, Hauberg S, Locatello F, Fumero M. 2025. Connecting neural models latent geometries with relative geodesic representations. 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 38, 125316–125360.","ieee":"H. Yu, B. Inal, G. Arvanitidis, S. Hauberg, F. Locatello, and M. Fumero, “Connecting neural models latent geometries with relative geodesic representations,” in <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, San Diego, CA, United States, 2025, vol. 38, pp. 125316–125360."},"supplementarymaterial":"yes","volume":38,"quality_controlled":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Yu","full_name":"Yu, Hanlin","first_name":"Hanlin"},{"last_name":"Inal","full_name":"Inal, Berfin","first_name":"Berfin"},{"last_name":"Arvanitidis","full_name":"Arvanitidis, Georgios","first_name":"Georgios"},{"first_name":"Søren","full_name":"Hauberg, Søren","last_name":"Hauberg"},{"full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","first_name":"Francesco","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683","id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","last_name":"Locatello"},{"id":"1c1593eb-393f-11ef-bb8e-ab4f1e979650","last_name":"Fumero","full_name":"Fumero, Marco","first_name":"Marco"}],"day":"01","ec_funded":1,"page":"125316-125360","das_tickbox":"0","date_created":"2026-09-06T22:02:01Z","date_published":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","researchdata_availability":"yes","status":"public","year":"2025","intvolume":"        38","related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"software","url":" https://github.com/marc0git/RelativeGeodesics"}]},"type":"conference","conference":{"location":"San Diego, CA, United States","start_date":"2025-12-02","name":"NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems","end_date":"2025-12-07"},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3769","publication_status":"published","arxiv":1,"publication":"39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"author":[{"id":"98C47862-10D5-11EA-BEDD-0F6F3DDC885E","last_name":"Bilu","first_name":"Margaret","full_name":"Bilu, Margaret"},{"last_name":"Browning","orcid":"0000-0002-8314-0177","id":"35827D50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Timothy D","full_name":"Browning, Timothy D"}],"day":"01","OA_place":"repository","ec_funded":1,"page":"1179-1242","das_tickbox":"0","supplementarymaterial":"yes","volume":58,"article_type":"original","OA_type":"green","quality_controlled":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.24033/asens.2628","arxiv":1,"publication_status":"published","publication":"Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure","date_created":"2026-09-13T22:01:57Z","date_published":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"researchdata_availability":"no","status":"public","year":"2025","intvolume":"        58","type":"journal_article","issue":"5","month":"05","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2304.09645","open_access":"1"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","project":[{"name":"A motivic circle method","_id":"05A4F6F0-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"893012"},{"_id":"bd8a4fdc-d553-11ed-ba76-80a0167441a3","name":"Rational curves via function field analytic number theory","grant_number":"P36278"}],"keyword":["Circle method","moduli spaces of curves","hypersurfaces","Grothendieck ring of varieties","motivic integration"],"corr_author":"1","department":[{"_id":"TiBr"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1873-2151"],"issn":["0012-9593"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The circle method has been successfully used over the last century to study rational points on hypersurfaces. More recently, a version of the method over function fields, combined with spreading out techniques, has led to a range of results about moduli spaces of rational curves on hypersurfaces. In this paper a version of the circle method is implemented in the setting of the Grothendieck ring of varieties. This allows us to approximate the classes of these moduli spaces directly, without relying on point counting, and leads to a deeper understanding of their geometry."},{"text":"La méthode du cercle a été utilisée avec succès au cours du siècle dernier pour l’étude\r\ndes points rationnels sur les hypersurfaces. Plus récemment, une version fonctionnelle de cette méthode,\r\ncombinée à des techniques d’étalement, a mené à une série de résultats sur les espaces de modules de\r\ncourbes sur les hypersurfaces. Dans cet article on implémente une version de la méthode du cercle dans\r\nle cadre de l’anneau de Grothendieck des variétés. Cela permet d’approximer les classes de ces espaces\r\nde modules directement, sans recours au comptage de points, ce qui donne accès à une compréhension\r\nplus profonde de leur géométrie.","lang":"fre"}],"doi":"10.24033/asens.2628","citation":{"short":"M. Bilu, T.D. Browning, Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure 58 (2025) 1179–1242.","chicago":"Bilu, Margaret, and Timothy D Browning. “A Motivic Circle Method.” <i>Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure</i>. Société Mathématique de France, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24033/asens.2628\">https://doi.org/10.24033/asens.2628</a>.","ama":"Bilu M, Browning TD. A motivic circle method. <i>Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure</i>. 2025;58(5):1179-1242. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24033/asens.2628\">10.24033/asens.2628</a>","ieee":"M. Bilu and T. D. Browning, “A motivic circle method,” <i>Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure</i>, vol. 58, no. 5. Société Mathématique de France, pp. 1179–1242, 2025.","ista":"Bilu M, Browning TD. 2025. A motivic circle method. Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure. 58(5), 1179–1242.","mla":"Bilu, Margaret, and Timothy D. Browning. “A Motivic Circle Method.” <i>Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure</i>, vol. 58, no. 5, Société Mathématique de France, 2025, pp. 1179–242, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24033/asens.2628\">10.24033/asens.2628</a>.","apa":"Bilu, M., &#38; Browning, T. D. (2025). A motivic circle method. <i>Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure</i>. Société Mathématique de France. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24033/asens.2628\">https://doi.org/10.24033/asens.2628</a>"},"title":"A motivic circle method","date_updated":"2026-09-17T08:22:39Z","_id":"22929","publisher":"Société Mathématique de France","external_id":{"arxiv":["2304.09645"]},"acknowledgement":"The authors are grateful to Yohan Brunebarbe, Tom Burel, Antoine\r\nChambert-Loir, Loïs Faisant, Mirko Mauri and Will Sawin for useful comments. Thanks are\r\nalso due to the anonymous referees for numerous helpful remarks. M.B. received funding\r\nfrom the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the\r\nMarie Skłodowska-Curie Grant agreement No. 893012. T.B. was supported by a FWF grant\r\n(DOI 10.55776/P36278) and by a grant from the Institute for Advanced Study School of\r\nMathematics."},{"month":"07","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"The role of institutional ethics committees in Austria: Report of the Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity of the Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences 2018–2023","publisher":"Springer Nature","_id":"18449","ddc":["570"],"date_updated":"2026-09-17T10:27:37Z","acknowledgement":"Open access funding provided by Karl Landsteiner University.","external_id":{"isi":["001329812000001"]},"corr_author":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"PreCl"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","citation":{"short":"S. Schober, S. Klee, F. Trautinger, Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 137 (2025) 432–437.","chicago":"Schober, Sophie, Sascha Klee, and Franz Trautinger. “The Role of Institutional Ethics Committees in Austria: Report of the Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity of the Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences 2018–2023.” <i>Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-024-02462-x\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-024-02462-x</a>.","ama":"Schober S, Klee S, Trautinger F. The role of institutional ethics committees in Austria: Report of the Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity of the Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences 2018–2023. <i>Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift</i>. 2025;137:432-437. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-024-02462-x\">10.1007/s00508-024-02462-x</a>","ieee":"S. Schober, S. Klee, and F. Trautinger, “The role of institutional ethics committees in Austria: Report of the Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity of the Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences 2018–2023,” <i>Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift</i>, vol. 137. Springer Nature, pp. 432–437, 2025.","ista":"Schober S, Klee S, Trautinger F. 2025. The role of institutional ethics committees in Austria: Report of the Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity of the Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences 2018–2023. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 137, 432–437.","mla":"Schober, Sophie, et al. “The Role of Institutional Ethics Committees in Austria: Report of the Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity of the Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences 2018–2023.” <i>Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift</i>, vol. 137, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 432–37, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-024-02462-x\">10.1007/s00508-024-02462-x</a>.","apa":"Schober, S., Klee, S., &#38; Trautinger, F. (2025). The role of institutional ethics committees in Austria: Report of the Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity of the Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences 2018–2023. <i>Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-024-02462-x\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-024-02462-x</a>"},"file_date_updated":"2025-12-30T06:54:03Z","doi":"10.1007/s00508-024-02462-x","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0043-5325"],"eissn":["1613-7671"]},"abstract":[{"text":"Research involving human subjects or identifiable human material and data must be assessed by an ethics committee. The Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences has established a Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity to evaluate medical research conducted by its faculty and students and at its affiliated hospitals.\r\nAll projects submitted to the Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity between 2018 and 2023 were analyzed regarding their major characteristics, the duration of the evaluation process, and votes issued.\r\nA total of 520 applications were electronically submitted during the observation period. Most of the studies were retrospective data analyses in the field of oncology, psychology and surgery. Most studies included less than 100 volunteers. Of the applications 50% received a final vote within 5 months, during which several revision rounds took place. Overall, about 77% of votes issued during the observation period were positive and 2% were rejections. In 11% files were closed due to withdrawal. In 11% final votes were pending at the end of the observation period due to requests for revisions.\r\nOur results emphasize the importance of institutional ethics committees using the example of the Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity at the Karl Landsteiner University. Such committees fill a gap in evaluating research not covered by Austrian legal regulations. Continuous development of standards, operating procedures, and national and international collaborations are required to assess and minimize risks to trial subjects and to provide a safe and productive environment for research in human medicine and related fields.","lang":"eng"}],"volume":137,"supplementarymaterial":"no","OA_type":"hybrid","article_type":"original","quality_controlled":"1","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"20880","success":1,"file_size":580791,"creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2025-12-30T06:54:03Z","file_name":"2025_WrKlinischeWochenschrift_Schober.pdf","checksum":"321be8a584117feaea9f3feaa28caabd","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2025-12-30T06:54:03Z"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Schober, Sophie","first_name":"Sophie","last_name":"Schober","id":"80b0a0ef-4b9f-11ec-b119-8d9d94c4a1d8"},{"full_name":"Klee, Sascha","first_name":"Sascha","last_name":"Klee"},{"first_name":"Franz","full_name":"Trautinger, Franz","last_name":"Trautinger"}],"isi":1,"day":"01","OA_place":"publisher","das_tickbox":"0","page":"432-437","date_created":"2024-10-20T22:02:07Z","oa":1,"date_published":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"       137","PlanS_conform":"1","researchdata_availability":"no","year":"2025","status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-024-02462-x","publication":"Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"}},{"corr_author":"1","department":[{"_id":"RoSe"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1424-0637"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The Aharonov–Casher theorem is a result on the number of the so-called zero modes of a system described by the magnetic Pauli operator in R2. In this paper we address the same question for the Dirac operator on a flat two-dimensional manifold with boundary and Atiyah–Patodi–Singer boundary condition. More concretely we are interested in the plane and a disc with a finite number of circular holes cut out. We consider a smooth compactly supported magnetic field on the manifold and an arbitrary magnetic field inside the holes."}],"file_date_updated":"2025-08-05T11:24:25Z","citation":{"short":"M. Fialova, Annales Henri Poincare 26 (2025) 2859–2900.","chicago":"Fialova, Marie. “Aharonov–Casher Theorems for Dirac Operators on Manifolds with Boundary and APS Boundary Condition.” <i>Annales Henri Poincare</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7</a>.","ama":"Fialova M. Aharonov–Casher theorems for Dirac operators on manifolds with boundary and APS boundary condition. <i>Annales Henri Poincare</i>. 2025;26:2859-2900. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7\">10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7</a>","ieee":"M. Fialova, “Aharonov–Casher theorems for Dirac operators on manifolds with boundary and APS boundary condition,” <i>Annales Henri Poincare</i>, vol. 26. Springer Nature, pp. 2859–2900, 2025.","ista":"Fialova M. 2025. Aharonov–Casher theorems for Dirac operators on manifolds with boundary and APS boundary condition. Annales Henri Poincare. 26, 2859–2900.","mla":"Fialova, Marie. “Aharonov–Casher Theorems for Dirac Operators on Manifolds with Boundary and APS Boundary Condition.” <i>Annales Henri Poincare</i>, vol. 26, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 2859–900, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7\">10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7</a>.","apa":"Fialova, M. (2025). Aharonov–Casher theorems for Dirac operators on manifolds with boundary and APS boundary condition. <i>Annales Henri Poincare</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7</a>"},"doi":"10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7","title":"Aharonov–Casher theorems for Dirac operators on manifolds with boundary and APS boundary condition","ddc":["510"],"date_updated":"2026-09-17T11:06:35Z","_id":"18074","publisher":"Springer Nature","external_id":{"isi":["001304370000001"],"arxiv":["2304.13373"]},"acknowledgement":"First and foremost I am grateful to Jan Philip Solovej for fruitful meetings during (and after) my PhD programme, when this work was done. Further I would like to thank Joshua Hunt, Anna Sisak, Jakub Löwit, Błażej Ruba, Volodymir Riabov, Lukas Schimmer and Georgios Koutentakis for valuable discussions. Many thanks belong to Rafael Benguria for hosting my visit, during which some of the work has been done. I am also grateful to Marina Prokhorova who first initiated the discussion of this project topic and to Annemarie Luger for her valuable comments during my PhD defence and in particular pointing out the qualitative difference in our two main results. I would like to acknowledge support for research on this paper from VILLUM FONDEN through the QMATH Centre of Excellence grant. nr. 10059. This project also received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101034413. I am grateful to the two reviewers for reading carefully my manuscript and pointing out several issues contributing thus significantly to the readability and clarity of this paper.\r\nOpen access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).","month":"08","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","project":[{"grant_number":"101034413","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program","_id":"fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7","publication_status":"published","arxiv":1,"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"publication":"Annales Henri Poincare","date_created":"2024-09-15T22:01:42Z","date_published":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"PlanS_conform":"1","year":"2025","status":"public","researchdata_availability":"no","intvolume":"        26","type":"journal_article","isi":1,"author":[{"id":"e9c9844d-9e21-11ec-b482-f96fc09f7c4d","last_name":"Fialova","first_name":"Marie","full_name":"Fialova, Marie"}],"day":"01","OA_place":"publisher","ec_funded":1,"page":"2859-2900","das_tickbox":"0","supplementarymaterial":"yes","volume":26,"article_type":"original","OA_type":"hybrid","file":[{"date_created":"2025-08-05T11:24:25Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2025_AnnalesHenriPoincare_Fialova.pdf","date_updated":"2025-08-05T11:24:25Z","relation":"main_file","checksum":"d8d2d6dbce293c9ee6eaa9262e597147","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"20124","success":1,"file_size":728124,"creator":"dernst"}],"quality_controlled":"1"},{"title":"Monitoring robustness and individual fairness","external_id":{"arxiv":["2506.00496"]},"acknowledgement":"This work was supported in part by the ERC project ERC-2020-AdG 101020093 and the SBI Foundation Hub for Data Science &Analytics, IIT Bombay.","ddc":["000"],"date_updated":"2026-09-18T07:41:29Z","publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery","_id":"20292","department":[{"_id":"ToHe"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","corr_author":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In automated decision-making, it is desirable that outputs of decision-makers be robust to slight perturbations in their inputs, a property that may be called input-output robustness. Input-output robustness appears in various different forms in the literature, such as robustness of AI models to adversarial or semantic perturbations and individual fairness of AI models that make decisions about humans. We propose runtime monitoring of input-output robustness of deployed, black-box AI models, where the goal is to design monitors that would observe one long execution sequence of the model, and would raise an alarm whenever it is detected that two similar inputs from the past led to dissimilar outputs. This way, monitoring will complement existing offline ''robustification'' approaches to increase the trustworthiness of AI decision-makers. We show that the monitoring problem can be cast as the fixed-radius nearest neighbor (FRNN) search problem, which, despite being well-studied, lacks suitable online solutions. We present our tool Clemont, which offers a number of lightweight monitors, some of which use upgraded online variants of existing FRNN algorithms, and one uses a novel algorithm based on binary decision diagrams--a data-structure commonly used in software and hardware verification. We have also developed an efficient parallelization technique that can substantially cut down the computation time of monitors for which the distance between input-output pairs is measured using the L∞norm. Using standard benchmarks from the literature of adversarial and semantic robustness and individual fairness, we perform a comparative study of different monitors in Clemont, and demonstrate their effectiveness in correctly detecting robustness violations at runtime."}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9798400714542"],"issn":["2154-817X"]},"doi":"10.1145/3711896.3737054","citation":{"ama":"Gupta A, Henzinger TA, Kueffner K, Mallik K, Pape D. Monitoring robustness and individual fairness. In: <i>Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining</i>. Vol 2. Association for Computing Machinery; 2025:790-801. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737054\">10.1145/3711896.3737054</a>","chicago":"Gupta, Ashutosh, Thomas A Henzinger, Konstantin Kueffner, Kaushik Mallik, and David Pape. “Monitoring Robustness and Individual Fairness.” In <i>Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining</i>, 2:790–801. Association for Computing Machinery, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737054\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737054</a>.","short":"A. Gupta, T.A. Henzinger, K. Kueffner, K. Mallik, D. Pape, in:, Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Association for Computing Machinery, 2025, pp. 790–801.","ista":"Gupta A, Henzinger TA, Kueffner K, Mallik K, Pape D. 2025. Monitoring robustness and individual fairness. Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. KDD: Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining vol. 2, 790–801.","ieee":"A. Gupta, T. A. Henzinger, K. Kueffner, K. Mallik, and D. Pape, “Monitoring robustness and individual fairness,” in <i>Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining</i>, Toronto, Canada, 2025, vol. 2, pp. 790–801.","apa":"Gupta, A., Henzinger, T. A., Kueffner, K., Mallik, K., &#38; Pape, D. (2025). Monitoring robustness and individual fairness. In <i>Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining</i> (Vol. 2, pp. 790–801). Toronto, Canada: Association for Computing Machinery. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737054\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737054</a>","mla":"Gupta, Ashutosh, et al. “Monitoring Robustness and Individual Fairness.” <i>Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining</i>, vol. 2, Association for Computing Machinery, 2025, pp. 790–801, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737054\">10.1145/3711896.3737054</a>."},"file_date_updated":"2025-09-08T08:46:31Z","article_processing_charge":"No","project":[{"grant_number":"101020093","_id":"62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d","name":"Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"08","oa_version":"Published Version","date_published":"2025-08-03T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"date_created":"2025-09-07T22:01:33Z","type":"conference","year":"2025","status":"public","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://github.com/ariez-xyz/clemont","relation":"software"}],"record":[{"id":"22808","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}]},"intvolume":"         2","conference":{"end_date":"2025-08-07","name":"KDD: Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","start_date":"2025-08-03","location":"Toronto, Canada"},"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"publication":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737054","publication_status":"published","arxiv":1,"volume":2,"file":[{"creator":"dernst","file_size":7745940,"success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"20310","date_updated":"2025-09-08T08:46:31Z","relation":"main_file","checksum":"81e18cdf9ca5f6dfa79425b326ea9725","file_name":"2025_KDD_Gupta.pdf","date_created":"2025-09-08T08:46:31Z","access_level":"open_access"}],"quality_controlled":"1","day":"03","author":[{"last_name":"Gupta","id":"335E5684-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Gupta, Ashutosh","first_name":"Ashutosh"},{"last_name":"Henzinger","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724","first_name":"Thomas A","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A"},{"full_name":"Kueffner, Konstantin","first_name":"Konstantin","orcid":"0000-0001-8974-2542","id":"8121a2d0-dc85-11ea-9058-af578f3b4515","last_name":"Kueffner"},{"full_name":"Mallik, Kaushik","first_name":"Kaushik","id":"0834ff3c-6d72-11ec-94e0-b5b0a4fb8598","orcid":"0000-0001-9864-7475","last_name":"Mallik"},{"last_name":"Pape","first_name":"David","full_name":"Pape, David"}],"page":"790-801","OA_place":"publisher","ec_funded":1},{"page":"1-21","OA_place":"repository","ec_funded":1,"day":"13","author":[{"first_name":"Filip","full_name":"Cano Cordoba, Filip","id":"708cad98-e86a-11ef-8098-bdae2d7c6af1","orcid":"0000-0002-0783-904X","last_name":"Cano Cordoba"},{"id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724","last_name":"Henzinger","first_name":"Thomas A","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A"},{"last_name":"Kueffner","orcid":"0000-0001-8974-2542","id":"8121a2d0-dc85-11ea-9058-af578f3b4515","full_name":"Kueffner, Konstantin","first_name":"Konstantin"}],"quality_controlled":"1","OA_type":"green","volume":16087,"publication":"25th International Conference on Runtime Verification","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1","arxiv":1,"publication_status":"published","conference":{"name":"RV: Runtime Verification","end_date":"2025-09-19","start_date":"2025-09-15","location":"Graz, Austria"},"type":"conference","status":"public","year":"2025","intvolume":"     16087","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"22808"}]},"date_published":"2025-09-13T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"date_created":"2026-01-29T16:01:41Z","oa_version":"Preprint","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2507.20711","open_access":"1"}],"month":"09","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","project":[{"_id":"62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d","name":"Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"101020093"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Fairness in AI is traditionally studied as a static property evaluated once, over a fixed dataset. However, real-world AI systems operate sequentially, with outcomes and environments evolving over time. This paper proposes a framework for analysing fairness as a runtime property. Using a minimal yet expressive model based on sequences of coin tosses with possibly evolving biases, we study the problems of monitoring and enforcing fairness expressed in either toss outcomes or coin biases. Since there is no one-size-fits-all solution for either problem, we provide a summary of monitoring and enforcement strategies, parametrised by environment dynamics, prediction horizon, and confidence thresholds. For both problems, we present general results under simple or minimal assumptions. We survey existing solutions for the monitoring problem for Markovian and additive dynamics, and existing solutions for the enforcement problem in static settings with known dynamics.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0302-9743"],"eisbn":["9783032054357"],"eissn":["1611-3349"]},"doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1","citation":{"ieee":"F. Cano Cordoba, T. A. Henzinger, and K. Kueffner, “Algorithmic fairness: A runtime perspective,” in <i>25th International Conference on Runtime Verification</i>, Graz, Austria, 2025, vol. 16087, pp. 1–21.","ista":"Cano Cordoba F, Henzinger TA, Kueffner K. 2025. Algorithmic fairness: A runtime perspective. 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification. RV: Runtime Verification, LNCS, vol. 16087, 1–21.","chicago":"Cano Cordoba, Filip, Thomas A Henzinger, and Konstantin Kueffner. “Algorithmic Fairness: A Runtime Perspective.” In <i>25th International Conference on Runtime Verification</i>, 16087:1–21. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1</a>.","short":"F. Cano Cordoba, T.A. Henzinger, K. Kueffner, in:, 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 1–21.","ama":"Cano Cordoba F, Henzinger TA, Kueffner K. Algorithmic fairness: A runtime perspective. In: <i>25th International Conference on Runtime Verification</i>. Vol 16087. Springer Nature; 2025:1-21. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1\">10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1</a>","mla":"Cano Cordoba, Filip, et al. “Algorithmic Fairness: A Runtime Perspective.” <i>25th International Conference on Runtime Verification</i>, vol. 16087, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 1–21, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1\">10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1</a>.","apa":"Cano Cordoba, F., Henzinger, T. A., &#38; Kueffner, K. (2025). Algorithmic fairness: A runtime perspective. In <i>25th International Conference on Runtime Verification</i> (Vol. 16087, pp. 1–21). Graz, Austria: Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1</a>"},"article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"ToHe"}],"alternative_title":["LNCS"],"corr_author":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2507.20711"]},"acknowledgement":"This work is supported by the European Research Council under Grant No.: ERC-2020-AdG 101020093.","date_updated":"2026-09-18T07:41:29Z","_id":"21090","publisher":"Springer Nature","title":"Algorithmic fairness: A runtime perspective"},{"scopus_import":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"04","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","article_number":"e2423072122","project":[{"name":"Prix Lopez-Loretta 2019 - Marco Mondelli","_id":"059876FA-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E"},{"name":"Trustworthy Deep Learning Theory: Private Over-Parameterized Models and Robust LLMs","_id":"92099302-16d5-11f0-9cad-f9a785f54fbd"},{"grant_number":"COE12","_id":"74caaef7-b034-11f1-8f2d-e0e993bb422e","name":"Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Mondelli)"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"MaMo"}],"corr_author":"1","file_date_updated":"2025-05-05T07:27:54Z","citation":{"ieee":"S. Bombari and M. Mondelli, “Privacy for free in the overparameterized regime,” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>, vol. 122, no. 15. National Academy of Sciences, 2025.","ista":"Bombari S, Mondelli M. 2025. Privacy for free in the overparameterized regime. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(15), e2423072122.","chicago":"Bombari, Simone, and Marco Mondelli. “Privacy for Free in the Overparameterized Regime.” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423072122\">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423072122</a>.","short":"S. Bombari, M. Mondelli, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (2025).","ama":"Bombari S, Mondelli M. Privacy for free in the overparameterized regime. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. 2025;122(15). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423072122\">10.1073/pnas.2423072122</a>","mla":"Bombari, Simone, and Marco Mondelli. “Privacy for Free in the Overparameterized Regime.” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>, vol. 122, no. 15, e2423072122, National Academy of Sciences, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423072122\">10.1073/pnas.2423072122</a>.","apa":"Bombari, S., &#38; Mondelli, M. (2025). Privacy for free in the overparameterized regime. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. National Academy of Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423072122\">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423072122</a>"},"doi":"10.1073/pnas.2423072122","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1091-6490"],"issn":["0027-8424"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Differentially private gradient descent (DP-GD) is a popular algorithm to train deep learning models with provable guarantees on the privacy of the training data. In the last decade, the problem of understanding its performance cost with respect to standard GD has received remarkable attention from the research community, which formally derived upper bounds on the excess population risk  RP  in different learning settings. However, existing bounds typically degrade with over-parameterization, i.e., as the number of parameters  p  gets larger than the number of training samples  n  -- a regime which is ubiquitous in current deep-learning practice. As a result, the lack of theoretical insights leaves practitioners without clear guidance, leading some to reduce the effective number of trainable parameters to improve performance, while others use larger models to achieve better results through scale. In this work, we show that in the popular random features model with quadratic loss, for any sufficiently large  p , privacy can be obtained for free, i.e.,  |RP|=o(1) , not only when the privacy parameter  ε  has constant order, but also in the strongly private setting  ε=o(1) . This challenges the common wisdom that over-parameterization inherently hinders performance in private learning."}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","title":"Privacy for free in the overparameterized regime","acknowledgement":"This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Grant number COE 12. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. The authors were also supported by the 2019 Lopez-Loreta prize, and Simone Bombari was supported by a Google PhD fellowship. We thank Diyuan Wu, Edwige Cyffers, Francesco Pedrotti, Inbar Seroussi, Nikita P. Kalinin, Pietro Pelliconi, Roodabeh Safavi, Yizhe Zhu, and Zhichao Wang for helpful discussions.","external_id":{"arxiv":["2410.14787"],"pmid":["40215275"],"isi":["001471214000001"]},"APC_amount":"2754,32 EUR","_id":"19627","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","ddc":["000"],"date_updated":"2026-09-21T13:07:01Z","day":"15","author":[{"id":"ca726dda-de17-11ea-bc14-f9da834f63aa","last_name":"Bombari","first_name":"Simone","full_name":"Bombari, Simone"},{"last_name":"Mondelli","id":"27EB676C-8706-11E9-9510-7717E6697425","orcid":"0000-0002-3242-7020","full_name":"Mondelli, Marco","first_name":"Marco"}],"isi":1,"OA_place":"publisher","volume":122,"quality_controlled":"1","file":[{"checksum":"1ac6f78e368d35a0cafb4d2d9bd63443","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2025-05-05T07:27:54Z","file_name":"2025_PNAS_Bombari.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2025-05-05T07:27:54Z","creator":"dernst","file_size":2328320,"success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"19648"}],"OA_type":"hybrid","article_type":"original","pmid":1,"publication":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"arxiv":1,"publication_status":"published","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423072122","oa":1,"date_published":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2025-04-27T22:02:13Z","issue":"15","type":"journal_article","intvolume":"       122","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"22857"}]},"status":"public","year":"2025"},{"arxiv":1,"publication_status":"published","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"publication":"Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning","conference":{"end_date":"2025-07-19","name":"ICML: International Conference on Machine Learning","start_date":"2025-07-13","location":"Vancouver, Canada"},"status":"public","year":"2025","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"22857","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"intvolume":"       267","type":"conference","date_created":"2026-02-18T11:58:00Z","date_published":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"OA_place":"publisher","page":"4839-4873","author":[{"full_name":"Bombari, Simone","first_name":"Simone","last_name":"Bombari","id":"ca726dda-de17-11ea-bc14-f9da834f63aa"},{"first_name":"Marco","full_name":"Mondelli, Marco","last_name":"Mondelli","orcid":"0000-0002-3242-7020","id":"27EB676C-8706-11E9-9510-7717E6697425"}],"day":"30","OA_type":"gold","file":[{"file_size":887526,"creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"21335","success":1,"checksum":"d4ba4f7717b362ca38878f45e57bd643","date_updated":"2026-02-19T08:04:38Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2026-02-19T08:04:38Z","file_name":"2025_ICML_Bombari.pdf"}],"quality_controlled":"1","volume":267,"article_processing_charge":"No","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Learning models have been shown to rely on spurious correlations between non-predictive features and the associated labels in the training data, with negative implications on robustness, bias and fairness. In this work, we provide a statistical characterization of this phenomenon for high-dimensional regression, when the data contains a predictive core feature x and a spurious feature y. Specifically, we quantify the amount of spurious correlations C learned via linear regression, in terms of the data covariance and the strength λ of the ridge regularization. As a consequence, we first capture the simplicity of y through the spectrum of its covariance, and its correlation with x through the Schur complement of the full data covariance. Next, we prove a trade-off between C and the in-distribution test loss L, by showing that the value of λ that minimizes L lies in an interval where C is increasing. Finally, we investigate the effects of over-parameterization via the random features model, by showing its equivalence to regularized linear regression. Our theoretical results are supported by numerical experiments on Gaussian, Color-MNIST, and CIFAR-10 datasets."}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2640-3498"]},"file_date_updated":"2026-02-19T08:04:38Z","citation":{"mla":"Bombari, Simone, and Marco Mondelli. “Spurious Correlations in High Dimensional Regression: The Roles of Regularization, Simplicity Bias and over-Parameterization.” <i>Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning</i>, vol. 267, ML Research Press, 2025, pp. 4839–73.","apa":"Bombari, S., &#38; Mondelli, M. (2025). Spurious correlations in high dimensional regression: The roles of regularization, simplicity bias and over-parameterization. In <i>Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning</i> (Vol. 267, pp. 4839–4873). Vancouver, Canada: ML Research Press.","chicago":"Bombari, Simone, and Marco Mondelli. “Spurious Correlations in High Dimensional Regression: The Roles of Regularization, Simplicity Bias and over-Parameterization.” In <i>Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning</i>, 267:4839–73. ML Research Press, 2025.","short":"S. Bombari, M. Mondelli, in:, Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning, ML Research Press, 2025, pp. 4839–4873.","ama":"Bombari S, Mondelli M. Spurious correlations in high dimensional regression: The roles of regularization, simplicity bias and over-parameterization. In: <i>Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning</i>. Vol 267. ML Research Press; 2025:4839-4873.","ieee":"S. Bombari and M. Mondelli, “Spurious correlations in high dimensional regression: The roles of regularization, simplicity bias and over-parameterization,” in <i>Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning</i>, Vancouver, Canada, 2025, vol. 267, pp. 4839–4873.","ista":"Bombari S, Mondelli M. 2025. Spurious correlations in high dimensional regression: The roles of regularization, simplicity bias and over-parameterization. Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning. ICML: International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR, vol. 267, 4839–4873."},"corr_author":"1","alternative_title":["PMLR"],"department":[{"_id":"MaMo"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","date_updated":"2026-09-21T13:07:01Z","ddc":["000"],"publisher":"ML Research Press","_id":"21324","external_id":{"arxiv":["2502.01347"]},"acknowledgement":"Marco Mondelli is funded by the European Union (ERC, INF2, project number 101161364). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. Simone Bombari is supported by a Google PhD fellowship. The authors would like to thank GuanWen Qiu for helpful discussions.","title":"Spurious correlations in high dimensional regression: The roles of regularization, simplicity bias and over-parameterization","oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"07","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","project":[{"_id":"911e6d1f-16d5-11f0-9cad-c5c68c6a1cdf","name":"Inference in High Dimensions: Light-speed Algorithms and Information Limits","grant_number":"101161364"},{"_id":"92099302-16d5-11f0-9cad-f9a785f54fbd","name":"Trustworthy Deep Learning Theory: Private Over-Parameterized Models and Robust LLMs"}]},{"month":"09","user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","article_number":"eadw4124","project":[{"_id":"9B954C5C-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","name":"Structure and isoform diversity of the Arp2/3 complex","grant_number":"P33367"},{"grant_number":"E435","_id":"7bd318a1-9f16-11ee-852c-cc9217763180","name":"In Situ Actin Structures via Hybrid Cryo-electron Microscopy"},{"grant_number":"CZI01","_id":"62909c6f-2b32-11ec-9570-e1476aab5308","name":"CryoMinflux-guided in-situ molecular census and structure determination"},{"_id":"bd980d18-d553-11ed-ba76-ceaa645c97eb","name":"A molecular atlas of Actin filament IDentities in the cell motility machinery","grant_number":"101076260"},{"name":"FWF Open Access Fund","_id":"3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1","call_identifier":"FWF"}],"corr_author":"1","department":[{"_id":"FlSc"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","DOAJ_listed":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The Huntingtin protein (HTT), named for its role in Huntington’s disease, has been best understood as a scaffolding protein that promotes vesicle transport by molecular motors along microtubules. Here, we show that HTT also interacts with the actin cytoskeleton, and its loss of function disturbs the morphology and function of the axonal growth cone. We demonstrate that HTT organizes F-actin into bundles. Cryo–electron tomography (cryo-ET) and subtomogram averaging (STA) structural analyses reveal that HTT’s N-terminal HEAT and Bridge domains wrap around F-actin, while the C-terminal HEAT domain is displaced; furthermore, HTT dimerizes via the N-HEAT domain to bridge parallel actin filaments separated by ~20 nanometers. Our study provides the structural basis for understanding how HTT interacts with and organizes the actin cytoskeleton."}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2375-2548"]},"file_date_updated":"2025-09-23T07:57:51Z","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adw4124","citation":{"mla":"Carpentier, Rémi, et al. “Structure of the Huntingtin F-Actin Complex Reveals Its Role in Cytoskeleton Organization.” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 11, no. 38, eadw4124, AAAS, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124\">10.1126/sciadv.adw4124</a>.","apa":"Carpentier, R., Kim, J., Capizzi, M., Kim, H., Fäßler, F., Hansen, J., … Humbert, S. (2025). Structure of the Huntingtin F-actin complex reveals its role in cytoskeleton organization. <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124\">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124</a>","ieee":"R. Carpentier <i>et al.</i>, “Structure of the Huntingtin F-actin complex reveals its role in cytoskeleton organization,” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 11, no. 38. AAAS, 2025.","ista":"Carpentier R, Kim J, Capizzi M, Kim H, Fäßler F, Hansen J, Kim MJ, Denarier E, Blot B, Degennaro M, Labou S, Arnal I, Marcaida MJ, Peraro MD, Kim D, Schur FK, Song J-J, Humbert S. 2025. Structure of the Huntingtin F-actin complex reveals its role in cytoskeleton organization. Science Advances. 11(38), eadw4124.","short":"R. Carpentier, J. Kim, M. Capizzi, H. Kim, F. Fäßler, J. Hansen, M.J. Kim, E. Denarier, B. Blot, M. Degennaro, S. Labou, I. Arnal, M.J. Marcaida, M.D. Peraro, D. Kim, F.K. Schur, J.-J. Song, S. Humbert, Science Advances 11 (2025).","chicago":"Carpentier, Rémi, Jaesung Kim, Mariacristina Capizzi, Hyeongju Kim, Florian Fäßler, Jesse Hansen, Min Jeong Kim, et al. “Structure of the Huntingtin F-Actin Complex Reveals Its Role in Cytoskeleton Organization.” <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124\">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124</a>.","ama":"Carpentier R, Kim J, Capizzi M, et al. Structure of the Huntingtin F-actin complex reveals its role in cytoskeleton organization. <i>Science Advances</i>. 2025;11(38). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124\">10.1126/sciadv.adw4124</a>"},"title":"Structure of the Huntingtin F-actin complex reveals its role in cytoskeleton organization","ddc":["570"],"date_updated":"2026-09-24T08:17:37Z","publisher":"AAAS","_id":"20370","APC_amount":"1395,61 EUR","external_id":{"pmid":["40971423"],"isi":["001575751700013"]},"acknowledgement":"We thank C. Cuveillier, J. Delaroche, T. Ferraro, and A. Zanchi for help with TIRF experiments, electron microscopy preparation, data analysis, and cell cultures, respectively; A. Antkowiak, C. Bosc, C. Fassier, A. Fourest-Lieuvin, and V. Brandt for helpful discussions. We acknowledge the contribution of the Photonic Imaging Center of Grenoble Institute Neuroscience which is part of the ISdV core facility and certified by the IBiSA label and ICM.Quant (RRID:SCR_026393) core facility of the Paris Brain Institute (ICM); the AniRA lentivector production facility from the CELPHEDIA Infrastructure and SFR Biosciences (UAR3444/CNRS, US8/Inserm, ENS de Lyon, UCBL); the Scientific Service Units (SSUs) of ISTA through resources provided by Scientific Computing (SciComp, A. Schloegl and S. Elefante); and the Electron Microscopy Facility (EMF, V.V. Hodirnau). The software programs used for the processing were supported by SBGrid (www.sbgrid.org). This work was supported by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (AXYON: ANR-18-CE16-0009-01, S.H.), Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grants (P33367, F.K.M.S.; E435, J.M.H.), ChanZuckerberg Initiative (CZI) grant (DAF2021-234754, F.K.M.S.), Hereditary Disease Foundation Research Grant (HDF 990846, M.C.), European Union (ERC: ActinID 101076260, F.K.M.S.), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM: équipe labellisée DEQ202203014675, S.H.; PhD fellowship, FDT202001010865, R.C.), Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI) (Korea-Switzerland global research support grant: RS-2023-00266300, J.-J.S.), National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea (Korea-Austria collaborative grant NRF-2019K1A3A1A181160, J.-J.S. and F.K.M.S.; NRF-2020R1A2B5B03001517 and RS-2024-00333346 and RS-2024-00436173, J.-J.S.; 2021R1C1C1006700, D.K.).","isi":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Carpentier, Rémi","first_name":"Rémi","last_name":"Carpentier"},{"last_name":"Kim","full_name":"Kim, Jaesung","first_name":"Jaesung"},{"full_name":"Capizzi, Mariacristina","first_name":"Mariacristina","last_name":"Capizzi"},{"last_name":"Kim","first_name":"Hyeongju","full_name":"Kim, Hyeongju"},{"first_name":"Florian","full_name":"Fäßler, Florian","orcid":"0000-0001-7149-769X","last_name":"Fäßler","id":"404F5528-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Hansen, Jesse","first_name":"Jesse","last_name":"Hansen","id":"1063c618-6f9b-11ec-9123-f912fccded63","orcid":"0000-0001-7967-2085"},{"last_name":"Kim","full_name":"Kim, Min Jeong","first_name":"Min Jeong"},{"last_name":"Denarier","full_name":"Denarier, Eric","first_name":"Eric"},{"last_name":"Blot","first_name":"Béatrice","full_name":"Blot, Béatrice"},{"last_name":"Degennaro","first_name":"Marine","full_name":"Degennaro, Marine"},{"last_name":"Labou","first_name":"Sophia","full_name":"Labou, Sophia"},{"full_name":"Arnal, Isabelle","first_name":"Isabelle","last_name":"Arnal"},{"last_name":"Marcaida","first_name":"Maria J.","full_name":"Marcaida, Maria J."},{"last_name":"Peraro","full_name":"Peraro, Matteo Dal","first_name":"Matteo Dal"},{"last_name":"Kim","full_name":"Kim, Doory","first_name":"Doory"},{"full_name":"Schur, Florian KM","first_name":"Florian KM","last_name":"Schur","orcid":"0000-0003-4790-8078","id":"48AD8942-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Song, Ji-Joon","first_name":"Ji-Joon","last_name":"Song"},{"last_name":"Humbert","first_name":"Sandrine","full_name":"Humbert, Sandrine"}],"day":"19","OA_place":"publisher","volume":11,"pmid":1,"OA_type":"gold","article_type":"original","file":[{"file_id":"20372","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_size":3599137,"creator":"dernst","date_created":"2025-09-23T07:57:51Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2025_ScienceAdvance_Carpentier.pdf","date_updated":"2025-09-23T07:57:51Z","relation":"main_file","checksum":"4e2407bdabf8d53f399eb8a20d86218e"}],"quality_controlled":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124","publication_status":"published","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"publication":"Science Advances","date_created":"2025-09-22T08:00:52Z","date_published":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"PlanS_conform":"1","status":"public","year":"2025","intvolume":"        11","type":"journal_article","issue":"38"},{"day":"17","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"isi":1,"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-5263-5559","last_name":"Mukhopadhyay","id":"FDE60288-A89D-11E9-947F-1AF6E5697425","first_name":"Soham","full_name":"Mukhopadhyay, Soham"},{"last_name":"Lancheros Naranjo","id":"6c55e976-15b2-11ec-abd3-d790e8937fde","full_name":"Lancheros Naranjo, Diego A","first_name":"Diego A"},{"full_name":"Senior, Jorden L","first_name":"Jorden L","last_name":"Senior","orcid":"0000-0002-0672-9295","id":"5479D234-2D30-11EA-89CC-40953DDC885E"},{"full_name":"Higginbotham, Andrew P","first_name":"Andrew P","orcid":"0000-0003-2607-2363","last_name":"Higginbotham","id":"4AD6785A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"OA_place":"publisher","ec_funded":1,"volume":24,"file":[{"file_name":"2025_PhysReviewAppl_Mukhopadhyay.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2025-09-10T07:29:06Z","checksum":"6cc3c9beeb7c0a88ee0a072c9a32b78b","date_updated":"2025-09-10T07:29:06Z","relation":"main_file","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"20335","creator":"dernst","file_size":1370466}],"quality_controlled":"1","article_type":"original","OA_type":"hybrid","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"publication":"Physical Review Applied","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/qvls-7s3q","publication_status":"published","arxiv":1,"date_published":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"date_created":"2025-09-10T05:41:30Z","type":"journal_article","PlanS_conform":"1","year":"2025","status":"public","intvolume":"        24","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"18057","status":"public","relation":"earlier_version"}]},"scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"07","oa_version":"Published Version","article_number":"014035","project":[{"_id":"0aa3608a-070f-11eb-9043-e9cd8a2bd931","name":"Cavity electromechanics across a quantum phase transition","grant_number":"P33692"},{"grant_number":"754411","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"name":"Protected states of quantum matter","_id":"eb9b30ac-77a9-11ec-83b8-871f581d53d2"}],"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"AnHi"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","corr_author":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2331-7019"]},"abstract":[{"text":"We report relaxation oscillations in a one-dimensional array of Josephson junctions, wherein the array dynamically switches between low-current and high-current states. The oscillations are current-voltage dual to those ordinarily observed in single junctions. The current-voltage dual circuit quantitatively accounts for temporal dynamics of the array, including the dependence on biasing conditions. Injection locking of the oscillations results in well-developed current plateaux. A thermal model explains the self-consistent reduction of the superconducting gap due to overheating of the array in the high-current state. Our work suggests that overheating determines the switching from the high-current state to the low-current state.","lang":"eng"}],"file_date_updated":"2025-09-10T07:29:06Z","doi":"10.1103/qvls-7s3q","citation":{"ista":"Mukhopadhyay S, Lancheros Naranjo DA, Senior JL, Higginbotham AP. 2025. Dual relaxation oscillations in a Josephson-junction array. Physical Review Applied. 24, 014035.","ieee":"S. Mukhopadhyay, D. A. Lancheros Naranjo, J. L. Senior, and A. P. Higginbotham, “Dual relaxation oscillations in a Josephson-junction array,” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 24. American Physical Society, 2025.","ama":"Mukhopadhyay S, Lancheros Naranjo DA, Senior JL, Higginbotham AP. Dual relaxation oscillations in a Josephson-junction array. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. 2025;24. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/qvls-7s3q\">10.1103/qvls-7s3q</a>","short":"S. Mukhopadhyay, D.A. Lancheros Naranjo, J.L. Senior, A.P. Higginbotham, Physical Review Applied 24 (2025).","chicago":"Mukhopadhyay, Soham, Diego A Lancheros Naranjo, Jorden L Senior, and Andrew P Higginbotham. “Dual Relaxation Oscillations in a Josephson-Junction Array.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/qvls-7s3q\">https://doi.org/10.1103/qvls-7s3q</a>.","apa":"Mukhopadhyay, S., Lancheros Naranjo, D. A., Senior, J. L., &#38; Higginbotham, A. P. (2025). Dual relaxation oscillations in a Josephson-junction array. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/qvls-7s3q\">https://doi.org/10.1103/qvls-7s3q</a>","mla":"Mukhopadhyay, Soham, et al. “Dual Relaxation Oscillations in a Josephson-Junction Array.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 24, 014035, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/qvls-7s3q\">10.1103/qvls-7s3q</a>."},"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","title":"Dual relaxation oscillations in a Josephson-junction array","external_id":{"isi":["001537333100001"],"arxiv":["2408.07829 "]},"acknowledgement":"We gratefully acknowledge support from the Miba Machine Shop and the Nanofabrictation Facility at IST Austria. This work was supported by the Austrian FWF under Grant No. P33692-N (S.M., J.S., and A.P.H.), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411 (J.S.), and a NOMIS Foundation research grant (A.P.H.).","date_updated":"2026-09-24T10:13:38Z","ddc":["530"],"_id":"20324","publisher":"American Physical Society"},{"volume":17,"pmid":1,"OA_type":"gold","article_type":"original","file":[{"file_name":"2025_GBE_Mrnjavac.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2025-03-10T08:25:59Z","checksum":"e3aa993e3d6dad10cb806c243fa57408","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2025-03-10T08:25:59Z","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"19378","creator":"dernst","file_size":768371}],"quality_controlled":"1","isi":1,"author":[{"first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Mrnjavac, Andrea","last_name":"Mrnjavac","id":"353FAC84-AE61-11E9-8BFC-00D3E5697425"},{"id":"49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4579-8306","last_name":"Vicoso","first_name":"Beatriz","full_name":"Vicoso, Beatriz"}],"day":"01","OA_place":"publisher","date_created":"2025-03-09T23:01:27Z","date_published":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"year":"2025","status":"public","intvolume":"        17","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://git.ista.ac.at/amrnjava/schistosomes_slower_z","relation":"software"}],"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"earlier_version","id":"18549"}]},"type":"journal_article","issue":"2","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf021","publication_status":"published","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"publication":"Genome Biology and Evolution","article_number":"evaf021","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","month":"02","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Reduced efficacy of selection on a young Z chromosome region of schistosoma japonicum","ddc":["570"],"date_updated":"2026-09-24T11:18:17Z","_id":"19370","publisher":"Oxford University Press","external_id":{"isi":["001423671400001"],"pmid":["39913672"]},"acknowledgement":"The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions. We are also grateful to Christelle Fraïsse, Marwan Elkrewi, and Filip Ruzicka for the help in this project.","corr_author":"1","department":[{"_id":"BeVi"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1759-6653"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Sex-linked and autosomal loci experience different selective pressures and evolutionary dynamics. X (or Z) chromosomes are often hemizygous in males (or females), as Y (or W) chromosomes often degenerate. Such hemizygous regions can be under greater efficacy of selection, as recessive mutations are immediately exposed to selection in the heterogametic sex leading to faster adaptation and faster divergence on the X chromosome (the so-called Faster-X or Faster-Z effect). However, in young nonrecombining regions, Y/W chromosomes often have many functional genes, and many X/Z-linked loci are therefore diploid. The sheltering of recessive mutations on the X/Z by the Y/W homolog is expected to drive slower adaptation for diploid X/Z loci, i.e. a reduction in the efficacy of selection. While the Faster-X effect has been studied extensively, much less is known empirically about the evolutionary dynamics of diploid X or Z chromosomes. Here, we took advantage of published population genomic data in the female-heterogametic human parasite Schistosoma japonicum to characterize the gene content and diversity levels of the diploid and hemizygous regions of the Z chromosome. We used different metrics of selective pressures acting on genes to test for differences in the efficacy of selection in hemizygous and diploid Z regions, relative to autosomes. We found consistent patterns suggesting reduced Ne, and reduced efficacy of purifying selection, on both hemizygous and diploid Z regions. Moreover, relaxed selection was particularly pronounced for female-biased genes on the diploid Z, as predicted by recent theoretical work."}],"citation":{"ista":"Mrnjavac A, Vicoso B. 2025. Reduced efficacy of selection on a young Z chromosome region of schistosoma japonicum. Genome Biology and Evolution. 17(2), evaf021.","ieee":"A. Mrnjavac and B. Vicoso, “Reduced efficacy of selection on a young Z chromosome region of schistosoma japonicum,” <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>, vol. 17, no. 2. Oxford University Press, 2025.","ama":"Mrnjavac A, Vicoso B. Reduced efficacy of selection on a young Z chromosome region of schistosoma japonicum. <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>. 2025;17(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf021\">10.1093/gbe/evaf021</a>","chicago":"Mrnjavac, Andrea, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Reduced Efficacy of Selection on a Young Z Chromosome Region of Schistosoma Japonicum.” <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>. Oxford University Press, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf021\">https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf021</a>.","short":"A. Mrnjavac, B. Vicoso, Genome Biology and Evolution 17 (2025).","apa":"Mrnjavac, A., &#38; Vicoso, B. (2025). Reduced efficacy of selection on a young Z chromosome region of schistosoma japonicum. <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf021\">https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf021</a>","mla":"Mrnjavac, Andrea, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Reduced Efficacy of Selection on a Young Z Chromosome Region of Schistosoma Japonicum.” <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>, vol. 17, no. 2, evaf021, Oxford University Press, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf021\">10.1093/gbe/evaf021</a>."},"doi":"10.1093/gbe/evaf021","file_date_updated":"2025-03-10T08:25:59Z"},{"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"02","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","article_number":"A68","department":[{"_id":"IlCa"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Using JWST Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) images of the globular cluster 47,Tucanæ, (or NGC,104), taken at two epochs just 7 months apart, we derived proper-motion membership down to F322W2 ∼ 27. We identified an intriguing feature at the very low-mass end of the main sequence, around ∼ 0.08,M_⋅, at magnitudes F322W2 ∼ 24 and m_ F150W2 ∼ 25. This feature, dubbed 'kink', is characterized by a prominent discontinuity in the slope of the main sequence. A similar discontinuity is seen in theoretical isochrones with oxygen-poor chemistries, related to the rapid onset of absorption. We therefore hypothesize that the cluster hosts disproportionately more oxygen-poor stars near the bottom of the main sequence compared to the upper main sequence and the red giant branch. Our results show no strong or conclusive evidence of a rise in the brown dwarf luminosity function at faint magnitudes, in contrast to previous findings likely affected by faint red background galaxies. In our analysis, we accounted for this contamination by using proper motion membership."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-6361"],"eissn":["1432-0746"]},"citation":{"ama":"Scalco M, Gerasimov R, Bedin LR, et al. JWST photometry and astrometry of 47 Tucanæ. Discontinuity in the stellar sequence at the star--brown dwarf transition. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. 2025;694. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452907\">10.1051/0004-6361/202452907</a>","short":"M. Scalco, R. Gerasimov, L.R. Bedin, E. Vesperini, M. Correnti, D. Nardiello, A. Burgasser, H. Richer, I. Caiazzo, J. Heyl, M. Libralato, J. Anderson, M. Griggio, Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics 694 (2025).","chicago":"Scalco, M., R. Gerasimov, L. R. Bedin, E. Vesperini, M. Correnti, D. Nardiello, A. Burgasser, et al. “JWST Photometry and Astrometry of 47 Tucanæ. Discontinuity in the Stellar Sequence at the Star--Brown Dwarf Transition.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452907\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452907</a>.","ista":"Scalco M, Gerasimov R, Bedin LR, Vesperini E, Correnti M, Nardiello D, Burgasser A, Richer H, Caiazzo I, Heyl J, Libralato M, Anderson J, Griggio M. 2025. JWST photometry and astrometry of 47 Tucanæ. Discontinuity in the stellar sequence at the star--brown dwarf transition. Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics. 694, A68.","ieee":"M. Scalco <i>et al.</i>, “JWST photometry and astrometry of 47 Tucanæ. Discontinuity in the stellar sequence at the star--brown dwarf transition,” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 694. EDP Sciences, 2025.","apa":"Scalco, M., Gerasimov, R., Bedin, L. R., Vesperini, E., Correnti, M., Nardiello, D., … Griggio, M. (2025). JWST photometry and astrometry of 47 Tucanæ. Discontinuity in the stellar sequence at the star--brown dwarf transition. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452907\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452907</a>","mla":"Scalco, M., et al. “JWST Photometry and Astrometry of 47 Tucanæ. Discontinuity in the Stellar Sequence at the Star--Brown Dwarf Transition.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 694, A68, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452907\">10.1051/0004-6361/202452907</a>."},"doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202452907","file_date_updated":"2025-04-16T07:13:31Z","title":"JWST photometry and astrometry of 47 Tucanæ. Discontinuity in the stellar sequence at the star--brown dwarf transition","ddc":["520"],"date_updated":"2026-09-24T13:45:58Z","_id":"18866","publisher":"EDP Sciences","external_id":{"isi":["001414753300007"],"arxiv":["2501.04446"]},"acknowledgement":"We dedicate this paper to the memory of our colleague Prof. Harvey Richer (⋆ April 1944 —† 13 November 2023), a highly accomplished astronomer and expert in stellar populations and in particular within globular clusters, who passed away during this project. Harvey grew up in Montreal and was at least the second star man to graduate from his high school, having been preceded by William Shatner by more than a decade. He worked at the University of British Columbia for most of his career, and his focus was the late stages of stellar evolution, in particular carbon stars and white dwarfs. We thank the referee for his valuable suggestions and comments, which helped improve the paper, as well as for his prompt revision.","isi":1,"author":[{"last_name":"Scalco","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Scalco, M."},{"full_name":"Gerasimov, R.","first_name":"R.","last_name":"Gerasimov"},{"last_name":"Bedin","first_name":"L. R.","full_name":"Bedin, L. R."},{"first_name":"E.","full_name":"Vesperini, E.","last_name":"Vesperini"},{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"Correnti, M.","last_name":"Correnti"},{"last_name":"Nardiello","full_name":"Nardiello, D.","first_name":"D."},{"last_name":"Burgasser","full_name":"Burgasser, A.","first_name":"A."},{"first_name":"H.","full_name":"Richer, H.","last_name":"Richer"},{"full_name":"Caiazzo, Ilaria","first_name":"Ilaria","orcid":"0000-0002-4770-5388","last_name":"Caiazzo","id":"8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d"},{"full_name":"Heyl, J.","first_name":"J.","last_name":"Heyl"},{"full_name":"Libralato, M.","first_name":"M.","last_name":"Libralato"},{"last_name":"Anderson","first_name":"J.","full_name":"Anderson, J."},{"last_name":"Griggio","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Griggio, M."}],"day":"04","OA_place":"publisher","volume":694,"OA_type":"diamond","article_type":"original","file":[{"success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"19569","creator":"dernst","file_size":18080704,"file_name":"2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_Scalco.pdf","date_created":"2025-04-16T07:13:31Z","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2025-04-16T07:13:31Z","relation":"main_file","checksum":"db765ce222df60a1e7c19da1968906a8"}],"quality_controlled":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452907","arxiv":1,"publication_status":"published","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"publication":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","date_created":"2025-01-21T15:29:36Z","date_published":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"status":"public","year":"2025","intvolume":"       694","type":"journal_article"},{"das_tickbox":"1","OA_place":"publisher","day":"01","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-2539-3560","id":"483E70DE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Grah","first_name":"Rok","full_name":"Grah, Rok"},{"id":"47F8433E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Guet","orcid":"0000-0001-6220-2052","first_name":"Calin C","full_name":"Guet, Calin C"},{"id":"3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Tkačik","orcid":"0000-0002-6699-1455","first_name":"Gašper","full_name":"Tkačik, Gašper"},{"full_name":"Lagator, Mato","first_name":"Mato","id":"345D25EC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Lagator"}],"isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","file":[{"relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2025-04-16T09:41:04Z","checksum":"f730e416795969449ef49d97b82ac494","file_name":"2025_Genetics_Grah.pdf","date_created":"2025-04-16T09:41:04Z","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","file_size":1511688,"success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"19580"}],"article_type":"original","OA_type":"hybrid","pmid":1,"volume":229,"supplementarymaterial":"yes","publication":"Genetics","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"publication_status":"published","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae191","issue":"2","type":"journal_article","intvolume":"       229","status":"public","researchdata_availability":"upon request","year":"2025","oa":1,"date_published":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2025-01-29T08:21:35Z","oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"02","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","article_number":"iyae191","dataavailabilitystatement":"Strains and plasmids are available upon request. All experimental raw data can be found in Supplementary Data 1. All code underpinning this work is available at https://github.com/Lagator-Group/Linking-Molecular-Mechanisms-to-their-Evolutionary-consequence-a-primer or upon request.  Supplemental material available at GENETICS online","file_date_updated":"2025-04-16T09:41:04Z","doi":"10.1093/genetics/iyae191","citation":{"mla":"Grah, Rok, et al. “Linking Molecular Mechanisms to Their Evolutionary Consequences: A Primer.” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 229, no. 2, iyae191, Oxford University Press, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae191\">10.1093/genetics/iyae191</a>.","apa":"Grah, R., Guet, C. C., Tkačik, G., &#38; Lagator, M. (2025). Linking molecular mechanisms to their evolutionary consequences: a primer. <i>Genetics</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae191\">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae191</a>","chicago":"Grah, Rok, Calin C Guet, Gašper Tkačik, and Mato Lagator. “Linking Molecular Mechanisms to Their Evolutionary Consequences: A Primer.” <i>Genetics</i>. Oxford University Press, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae191\">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae191</a>.","short":"R. Grah, C.C. Guet, G. Tkačik, M. Lagator, Genetics 229 (2025).","ama":"Grah R, Guet CC, Tkačik G, Lagator M. Linking molecular mechanisms to their evolutionary consequences: a primer. <i>Genetics</i>. 2025;229(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae191\">10.1093/genetics/iyae191</a>","ieee":"R. Grah, C. C. Guet, G. Tkačik, and M. Lagator, “Linking molecular mechanisms to their evolutionary consequences: a primer,” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 229, no. 2. Oxford University Press, 2025.","ista":"Grah R, Guet CC, Tkačik G, Lagator M. 2025. Linking molecular mechanisms to their evolutionary consequences: a primer. Genetics. 229(2), iyae191."},"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1943-2631"]},"abstract":[{"text":"A major obstacle to predictive understanding of evolution stems from the complexity of biological systems, which prevents detailed characterization of key evolutionary properties. Here, we highlight some of the major sources of complexity that arise when relating molecular mechanisms to their evolutionary consequences and ask whether accounting for every mechanistic detail is important to accurately predict evolutionary outcomes. To do this, we developed a mechanistic model of a bacterial promoter regulated by 2 proteins, allowing us to connect any promoter genotype to 6 phenotypes that capture the dynamics of gene expression following an environmental switch. Accounting for the mechanisms that govern how this system works enabled us to provide an in-depth picture of how regulated bacterial promoters might evolve. More importantly, we used the model to explore which factors that contribute to the complexity of this system are essential for understanding its evolution, and which can be simplified without information loss. We found that several key evolutionary properties—the distribution of phenotypic and fitness effects of mutations, the evolutionary trajectories during selection for regulation—can be accurately captured without accounting for all, or even most, parameters of the system. Our findings point to the need for a mechanistic approach to studying evolution, as it enables tackling biological complexity and in doing so improves the ability to predict evolutionary outcomes.","lang":"eng"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"CaGu"},{"_id":"GaTk"}],"corr_author":"1","acknowledgement":"The authors thank Nick Barton, Stepan Denisov, Claudia Igler, Srdjan Sarikas, Anna Staron, and the anonymous reviewers for useful comments and discussions that helped improve our work.\r\nFunding for this work was provided by the Wellcome Trust–Royal Society Sir Henry Dale Fellowship (216779/Z/19/Z) and the Royal Society Research Grant (RG\\R2\\232522) to M.L.","external_id":{"pmid":["39601269"],"isi":["001379194200001"]},"_id":"18936","publisher":"Oxford University Press","ddc":["570"],"date_updated":"2026-10-01T08:30:12Z","title":"Linking molecular mechanisms to their evolutionary consequences: a primer"},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The response of clouds and moist-convective processes to heat loss to space by long-wave radiative cooling is an important feedback in the Earth's atmosphere. It is known that moist convection increases roughly in equilibrium with radiative cooling, an assumption often made in simplified models of the tropical atmosphere. In this study, we use an idealised two-dimensional model of the atmosphere introduced by Vallis et. al. and incorporate a bulk-cooling term, which is an idealisation of radiative cooling in the atmosphere. We comment briefly on the static stability of the system to dry and moist convection and characteris its moist convective response to changes in the bulk cooling. We find that, while the clear-sky regions of the model respond directly to the change in the cooling term, the regions dominated by moist convective plumes are insensitive to changes in cooling. Similar to previous findings from cloud-resolving models, we too find in our idealised setting that the majority of the increase in convection occurs via an increase in the areal coverage of convection, rather than its intensity. We argue that these small-scale convective processes are an upper bound on how quickly convective intensity can change to stay in equilibrium with radiative cooling."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-9009"],"eissn":["1477-870X"]},"doi":"10.1002/qj.4902","citation":{"mla":"Agasthya, Lokahith N., et al. “Moist Convective Scaling: Insights from an Idealised Model.” <i>Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</i>, vol. 151, no. 766, e4902, Wiley, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4902\">10.1002/qj.4902</a>.","apa":"Agasthya, L. N., Muller, C. J., &#38; Cheve, M. (2025). Moist convective scaling: Insights from an idealised model. <i>Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4902\">https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4902</a>","short":"L.N. Agasthya, C.J. Muller, M. Cheve, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 151 (2025).","chicago":"Agasthya, Lokahith N, Caroline J Muller, and Mathis Cheve. “Moist Convective Scaling: Insights from an Idealised Model.” <i>Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</i>. Wiley, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4902\">https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4902</a>.","ama":"Agasthya LN, Muller CJ, Cheve M. Moist convective scaling: Insights from an idealised model. <i>Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</i>. 2025;151(766). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4902\">10.1002/qj.4902</a>","ieee":"L. N. Agasthya, C. J. Muller, and M. Cheve, “Moist convective scaling: Insights from an idealised model,” <i>Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</i>, vol. 151, no. 766. Wiley, 2025.","ista":"Agasthya LN, Muller CJ, Cheve M. 2025. Moist convective scaling: Insights from an idealised model. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 151(766), e4902."},"file_date_updated":"2025-07-03T06:46:27Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","department":[{"_id":"CaMu"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","corr_author":"1","external_id":{"isi":["001363135200001"]},"acknowledgement":"The authors gratefully acknowledge the help of Julian Renaud and Alzbeta “Bety” Pechacova. Julian went through the relevant literature on the topic in the initial stages of the study in a very thorough manner and allowed the authors to understand the various types of idealised models that have been studied and the various approaches used. Bety ran simulations and performed analysis of the outputs of several simulations, which were crucial to bringing the article to its final form.\r\n\r\nThe authors also acknowledge the input of Prof. Martin Singh (Monash University, Australia) and discussions with Gregory Dritschel, Prof. Steven Tobias, and Prof. Douglas Parker (Leeds University, United Kingdom).\r\n\r\nThis project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101034413. C. Muller gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant Agreement No. 805041). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of IST Austria through resources provided by Scientific Computing (SciComp).","date_updated":"2026-10-01T09:23:20Z","ddc":["550"],"_id":"18605","publisher":"Wiley","title":"Moist convective scaling: Insights from an idealised model","oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"01","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","project":[{"name":"IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program","_id":"fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"101034413"},{"grant_number":"805041","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576","name":"Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical  cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate"}],"dataavailabilitystatement":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Lokahith Agasthya, upon reasonable request.","article_number":"e4902","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"publication":"Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4902","publication_status":"published","type":"journal_article","issue":"766","year":"2025","researchdata_availability":"upon request","status":"public","intvolume":"       151","date_published":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"date_created":"2024-12-01T23:01:54Z","das_tickbox":"1","OA_place":"publisher","ec_funded":1,"day":"01","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"isi":1,"author":[{"id":"cd100965-0804-11ed-9c55-f4878ff4e877","last_name":"Agasthya","first_name":"Lokahith N","full_name":"Agasthya, Lokahith N"},{"first_name":"Caroline J","full_name":"Muller, Caroline J","orcid":"0000-0001-5836-5350","last_name":"Muller","id":"f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b"},{"full_name":"Cheve, Mathis","first_name":"Mathis","id":"c2cdb722-b15c-11ef-9e63-db902a30b40d","last_name":"Cheve"}],"file":[{"success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"19958","creator":"dernst","file_size":5924105,"file_name":"2025_QuartJRMS_Agasthya.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2025-07-03T06:46:27Z","checksum":"2b4968f1c794da56d1eb7b856a406de7","date_updated":"2025-07-03T06:46:27Z","relation":"main_file"}],"quality_controlled":"1","article_type":"original","OA_type":"hybrid","supplementarymaterial":"yes","volume":151},{"publication":"Neural Computing and Applications","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"arxiv":1,"publication_status":"published","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-10616-1","type":"journal_article","intvolume":"        37","year":"2025","PlanS_conform":"1","researchdata_availability":"not applicable","status":"public","oa":1,"date_published":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2023-02-20T08:23:06Z","das_tickbox":"1","page":"24669–24683","OA_place":"publisher","day":"01","author":[{"first_name":"Peter","full_name":"Súkeník, Peter","last_name":"Súkeník","id":"d64d6a8d-eb8e-11eb-b029-96fd216dec3c"},{"full_name":"Lampert, Christoph","first_name":"Christoph","last_name":"Lampert","orcid":"0000-0001-8622-7887","id":"40C20FD2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"quality_controlled":"1","file":[{"date_created":"2025-12-30T06:39:11Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2025_NeuralCompApplic_Sukenik.pdf","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2025-12-30T06:39:11Z","checksum":"61ad4591aee16b1e02daf6c164321a42","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"20877","success":1,"file_size":500213,"creator":"dernst"}],"article_type":"original","OA_type":"hybrid","volume":37,"supplementarymaterial":"no","citation":{"ista":"Súkeník P, Lampert C. 2025. Generalization in multi-objective machine learning. Neural Computing and Applications. 37, 24669–24683.","ieee":"P. Súkeník and C. Lampert, “Generalization in multi-objective machine learning,” <i>Neural Computing and Applications</i>, vol. 37. Springer Nature, pp. 24669–24683, 2025.","ama":"Súkeník P, Lampert C. Generalization in multi-objective machine learning. <i>Neural Computing and Applications</i>. 2025;37:24669–24683. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-10616-1\">10.1007/s00521-024-10616-1</a>","chicago":"Súkeník, Peter, and Christoph Lampert. “Generalization in Multi-Objective Machine Learning.” <i>Neural Computing and Applications</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-10616-1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-10616-1</a>.","short":"P. Súkeník, C. Lampert, Neural Computing and Applications 37 (2025) 24669–24683.","apa":"Súkeník, P., &#38; Lampert, C. (2025). Generalization in multi-objective machine learning. <i>Neural Computing and Applications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-10616-1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-10616-1</a>","mla":"Súkeník, Peter, and Christoph Lampert. “Generalization in Multi-Objective Machine Learning.” <i>Neural Computing and Applications</i>, vol. 37, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 24669–24683, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-10616-1\">10.1007/s00521-024-10616-1</a>."},"file_date_updated":"2025-12-30T06:39:11Z","doi":"10.1007/s00521-024-10616-1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Modern machine learning tasks often require considering not just one but multiple objectives. For example, besides the prediction quality, this could be the efficiency, robustness or fairness of the learned models, or any of their combinations. Multi-objective learning offers a natural framework for handling such problems without having to commit to early trade-offs. Surprisingly, statistical learning theory so far offers almost no insight into the generalization properties of multi-objective learning. In this work, we make first steps to fill this gap: We establish foundational generalization bounds for the multi-objective setting as well as generalization and excess bounds for learning with scalarizations. We also provide the first theoretical analysis of the relation between the Pareto-optimal sets of the true objectives and the Pareto-optimal sets of their empirical approximations from training data. In particular, we show a surprising asymmetry: All Pareto-optimal solutions can be approximated by empirically Pareto-optimal ones, but not vice versa."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0941-0643"],"eissn":["1433-3058"]},"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"ChLa"}],"corr_author":"1","acknowledgement":"Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).","external_id":{"arxiv":["2208.13499"]},"_id":"12662","publisher":"Springer Nature","ddc":["004"],"date_updated":"2026-10-01T09:29:43Z","title":"Generalization in multi-objective machine learning","oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","month":"10","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","dataavailabilitystatement":"Our manuscript does not include or refer to any data sources."},{"oa_version":"None","month":"04","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","scopus_import":"1","project":[{"name":"A mechano-chemical theory for stem cell fate decisions in organoid development","_id":"34e2a5b5-11ca-11ed-8bc3-b2265616ef0b","grant_number":"ALTF 343-2022"},{"grant_number":"851288","name":"Design Principles of Branching Morphogenesis","_id":"05943252-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"article_number":"a041653","article_processing_charge":"No","citation":{"ama":"Brückner D, Hannezo EB. Tissue active matter: Integrating mechanics and signaling into dynamical models. <i>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology</i>. 2025;17(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041653\">10.1101/cshperspect.a041653</a>","chicago":"Brückner, David, and Edouard B Hannezo. “Tissue Active Matter: Integrating Mechanics and Signaling into Dynamical Models.” <i>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology</i>. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041653\">https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041653</a>.","short":"D. Brückner, E.B. Hannezo, Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 17 (2025).","ista":"Brückner D, Hannezo EB. 2025. Tissue active matter: Integrating mechanics and signaling into dynamical models. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 17(4), a041653.","ieee":"D. Brückner and E. B. Hannezo, “Tissue active matter: Integrating mechanics and signaling into dynamical models,” <i>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology</i>, vol. 17, no. 4. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2025.","apa":"Brückner, D., &#38; Hannezo, E. B. (2025). Tissue active matter: Integrating mechanics and signaling into dynamical models. <i>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology</i>. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041653\">https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041653</a>","mla":"Brückner, David, and Edouard B. Hannezo. “Tissue Active Matter: Integrating Mechanics and Signaling into Dynamical Models.” <i>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology</i>, vol. 17, no. 4, a041653, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041653\">10.1101/cshperspect.a041653</a>."},"doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041653","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The importance of physical forces in the morphogenesis, homeostatic function, and pathological dysfunction of multicellular tissues is being increasingly characterized, both theoretically and experimentally. Analogies between biological systems and inert materials such as foams, gels, and liquid crystals have provided striking insights into the core design principles underlying multicellular organization. However, these connections can seem surprising given that a key feature of multicellular systems is their ability to constantly consume energy, providing an active origin for the forces that they produce. Key emerging questions are, therefore, to understand whether and how this activity grants tissues novel properties that do not have counterparts in classical materials, as well as their consequences for biological function. Here, we review recent discoveries at the intersection of active matter and tissue biology, with an emphasis on how modeling and experiments can be combined to understand the dynamics of multicellular systems. These approaches suggest that a number of key biological tissue-scale phenomena, such as morphogenetic shape changes, collective migration, or fate decisions, share unifying design principles that can be described by physical models of tissue active matter."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1943-0264"]},"corr_author":"1","department":[{"_id":"EdHa"}],"publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press","_id":"18960","date_updated":"2026-10-01T11:03:02Z","acknowledgement":"We thank Fridtjof Brauns, Anna Kicheva, and Carl-Philipp Heisenberg for a critical reading of the manuscript and Claudia Flandoli for the artwork in the figures. D.B.B. was supported by the NOMIS foundation as a NOMIS Fellow and by an EMBO Postdoctoral Fellowship (ALTF 343-2022). This work received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme Grant Agreement no. 851288.","external_id":{"pmid":["38951023"],"isi":["001456660400001"]},"title":"Tissue active matter: Integrating mechanics and signaling into dynamical models","ec_funded":1,"das_tickbox":"0","author":[{"full_name":"Brückner, David","first_name":"David","orcid":"0000-0001-7205-2975","last_name":"Brückner","id":"e1e86031-6537-11eb-953a-f7ab92be508d"},{"full_name":"Hannezo, Edouard B","first_name":"Edouard B","orcid":"0000-0001-6005-1561","last_name":"Hannezo","id":"3A9DB764-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"isi":1,"day":"01","OA_type":"closed access","article_type":"original","pmid":1,"quality_controlled":"1","volume":17,"supplementarymaterial":"no","publication_status":"published","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041653","publication":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology","intvolume":"        17","researchdata_availability":"no","status":"public","year":"2025","issue":"4","type":"journal_article","date_created":"2025-01-29T13:33:47Z","date_published":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z"}]