[{"volume":16,"abstract":[{"text":"Hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs) are high-frequency oscillations critical for memory consolidation. Despite extensive characterization in rodents, their detection in humans is limited by coarse spatial sampling, interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), and a lack of consensus on human ripple localization and morphology. Here, we demonstrate that mouse and human hippocampal ripples share spatial, spectral and temporal features, which are clearly distinct from IEDs. In recordings from male APP/PS1 mice, SPW-Rs were distinguishable from IEDs by multiple criteria. Hippocampal ripples recorded during NREM sleep in female and male surgical epilepsy patients exhibited similar narrowband frequency peaks and multiple ripple cycles in the CA1 and subiculum regions. Conversely, IEDs showed a broad spatial extent and wide-band frequency power. We developed a semi-automated, ripple curation toolbox (ripmap) to separate event waveforms by low-dimensional embedding to reduce false-positive rate in selected ripple channels. Our approach improves ripple detection and provides a firm foundation for future human memory research.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"12","oa":1,"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank Karl Rössler and Sebastian Brandner for the human SEEG implantations; Katja Kobow for providing the histopathological findings of the patients; Jay Jeschke for help with human electrode localization; Esha Brahmbhatt and Deren Aykan for help with animal habituation; Mursel Karadas for the rodent treadmill design; Nicholas Paleologos, Noam Nitzan, Michael D Hadler and Samuel McKenzie for rating events in a human ripple survey included in a previous version of the manuscript; Nicholas Paleologos for sharing NYU iEEG data for validating UMAP parameters; Julio Esparza for help on the topological analysis through discussions; Thomas Hainmüller, Yiyao Zhang and Mursel Karadas for feedback on the manuscript. We would like to acknowledge Corticale SRL (Genoa, Italy) for providing the SiNAPS probes, and NeuroNexus (Ann Arbor, MI) for their contribution of the data acquisition system and Radiens software. We further acknowledge both Corticale and NeuroNexus for training and support making this research possible. This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG; Walter Benjamin Fellowship MA 10301/1-1, A.M.), NYU Langone Health Finding a Cure for Epilepsy and Seizures (FACES, A.M.), the NOMIS Fellowship (A.N.-O.), the National Institutes of Health (R01NS127954, K23NS104252, A.L.; MH122391, U19NS107616, R01MH139216 G.B.,), and the NYU Department of Neurology (A.L.).","intvolume":"        16","file_date_updated":"2026-01-12T09:30:15Z","date_published":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","year":"2025","date_created":"2026-01-11T23:01:35Z","author":[{"full_name":"Maslarova, Anna","last_name":"Maslarova","first_name":"Anna"},{"first_name":"Jiyun N.","last_name":"Shin","full_name":"Shin, Jiyun N."},{"orcid":"0000-0002-9280-8597","full_name":"Navas Olivé, Andrea C","id":"739d26c9-52e8-11ee-8d72-f14d3893b4ce","first_name":"Andrea C","last_name":"Navas Olivé"},{"full_name":"Vöröslakos, Mihály","last_name":"Vöröslakos","first_name":"Mihály"},{"first_name":"Hajo","last_name":"Hamer","full_name":"Hamer, Hajo"},{"full_name":"Doerfler, Arnd","first_name":"Arnd","last_name":"Doerfler"},{"last_name":"Henin","first_name":"Simon","full_name":"Henin, Simon"},{"full_name":"Buzsáki, György","first_name":"György","last_name":"Buzsáki"},{"last_name":"Liu","first_name":"Anli","full_name":"Liu, Anli"}],"external_id":{"pmid":["39975118"]},"publication_status":"published","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)"},"pmid":1,"article_number":"11636","DOAJ_listed":"1","project":[{"name":"NOMIS Fellowship Program","_id":"9B861AAC-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"}],"date_updated":"2026-01-12T09:31:56Z","OA_type":"gold","day":"30","publication":"Nature Communications","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"ama":"Maslarova A, Shin JN, Navas Olivé AC, et al. Spatiotemporal patterns differentiate hippocampal sharp-wave ripples from interictal epileptiform discharges in mice and humans. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2025;16. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66562-6\">10.1038/s41467-025-66562-6</a>","mla":"Maslarova, Anna, et al. “Spatiotemporal Patterns Differentiate Hippocampal Sharp-Wave Ripples from Interictal Epileptiform Discharges in Mice and Humans.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 16, 11636, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66562-6\">10.1038/s41467-025-66562-6</a>.","apa":"Maslarova, A., Shin, J. N., Navas Olivé, A. C., Vöröslakos, M., Hamer, H., Doerfler, A., … Liu, A. (2025). Spatiotemporal patterns differentiate hippocampal sharp-wave ripples from interictal epileptiform discharges in mice and humans. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66562-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66562-6</a>","ieee":"A. Maslarova <i>et al.</i>, “Spatiotemporal patterns differentiate hippocampal sharp-wave ripples from interictal epileptiform discharges in mice and humans,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 16. Springer Nature, 2025.","short":"A. Maslarova, J.N. Shin, A.C. Navas Olivé, M. Vöröslakos, H. Hamer, A. Doerfler, S. Henin, G. Buzsáki, A. Liu, Nature Communications 16 (2025).","ista":"Maslarova A, Shin JN, Navas Olivé AC, Vöröslakos M, Hamer H, Doerfler A, Henin S, Buzsáki G, Liu A. 2025. Spatiotemporal patterns differentiate hippocampal sharp-wave ripples from interictal epileptiform discharges in mice and humans. Nature Communications. 16, 11636.","chicago":"Maslarova, Anna, Jiyun N. Shin, Andrea C Navas Olivé, Mihály Vöröslakos, Hajo Hamer, Arnd Doerfler, Simon Henin, György Buzsáki, and Anli Liu. “Spatiotemporal Patterns Differentiate Hippocampal Sharp-Wave Ripples from Interictal Epileptiform Discharges in Mice and Humans.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66562-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66562-6</a>."},"file":[{"date_updated":"2026-01-12T09:30:15Z","file_name":"2025_NatureComm_Maslarova.pdf","file_id":"20978","checksum":"a8a1670e197484382e087be60f643945","success":1,"file_size":7629997,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2026-01-12T09:30:15Z","relation":"main_file"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","department":[{"_id":"PeJo"}],"OA_place":"publisher","_id":"20977","title":"Spatiotemporal patterns differentiate hippocampal sharp-wave ripples from interictal epileptiform discharges in mice and humans","ddc":["570"],"type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"Yes","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-66562-6","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version"},{"doi":"10.1101/2025.01.06.631460","status":"public","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"20964","status":"public"}]},"oa_version":"Preprint","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","author":[{"full_name":"Kulich, Ivan","id":"57a1567c-8314-11eb-9063-c9ddc3451a54","first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Kulich"},{"full_name":"Oulehlová, Denisa","first_name":"Denisa","last_name":"Oulehlová"},{"id":"60466724-5355-11ee-ae5a-fa55e8f99c3d","full_name":"Vladimirtsev, Dmitrii","last_name":"Vladimirtsev","first_name":"Dmitrii"},{"first_name":"Minxia","last_name":"Zou","full_name":"Zou, Minxia","id":"5c243f41-03f3-11ec-841c-96faf48a7ef9"},{"last_name":"Lileikyte","first_name":"Edita","full_name":"Lileikyte, Edita"},{"last_name":"Bondar","first_name":"Alexey","full_name":"Bondar, Alexey"},{"last_name":"Kulichová","first_name":"Katarína","full_name":"Kulichová, Katarína"},{"last_name":"Janda","first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Janda, Martin"},{"full_name":"Iakovenko, Oksana","last_name":"Iakovenko","first_name":"Oksana"},{"full_name":"Neubergerová, Michaela","last_name":"Neubergerová","first_name":"Michaela"},{"last_name":"Studtrucker","first_name":"Tanja","full_name":"Studtrucker, Tanja"},{"full_name":"Pleskot, Roman","last_name":"Pleskot","first_name":"Roman"},{"first_name":"Petra","last_name":"Dietrich","full_name":"Dietrich, Petra"},{"id":"43905548-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-9767-8699","full_name":"Fendrych, Matyas","last_name":"Fendrych","first_name":"Matyas"},{"last_name":"Friml","first_name":"Jiří","id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Friml, Jiří","orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596"}],"corr_author":"1","type":"preprint","article_processing_charge":"No","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)"},"publication_status":"draft","acknowledgement":"This project was supported by the Czech Science Foundation grant Nr. 25-16449S and by European\r\nUnion, Horizon Europe, project MOLIPEC, ID 101087030. Computational resources used for structural\r\nmodeling were provided by the e-INFRA CZ project (ID:90254), supported by the Ministry of Education,\r\nYouth and Sports of the Czech Republic. Part of the work was carried out with the support of a Growth\r\nFacility (BC Core Facilities; IPMB BC CAS). X. laevis oocytes were kindly provided by C. Korbmacher on\r\na regular basis (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg). MF received support from the European Research Council\r\n(Grant 480 No. 101125499). We acknowledge the core facility LMH, the BC CAS supported by the MEYS\r\nCR (LM 2023050 Czech-BioImaging). DO received support from the Czech Science Foundation grant Nr.\r\n24-12107S\r\n","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"short":"I. Kulich, D. Oulehlová, D. Vladimirtsev, M. Zou, E. Lileikyte, A. Bondar, K. Kulichová, M. Janda, O. Iakovenko, M. Neubergerová, T. Studtrucker, R. Pleskot, P. Dietrich, M. Fendrych, J. Friml, BioRxiv (n.d.).","ista":"Kulich I, Oulehlová D, Vladimirtsev D, Zou M, Lileikyte E, Bondar A, Kulichová K, Janda M, Iakovenko O, Neubergerová M, Studtrucker T, Pleskot R, Dietrich P, Fendrych M, Friml J. Armadillo repeat only proteins are required for the function of plant CNGC channels. bioRxiv, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.06.631460\">10.1101/2025.01.06.631460</a>.","chicago":"Kulich, Ivan, Denisa Oulehlová, Dmitrii Vladimirtsev, Minxia Zou, Edita Lileikyte, Alexey Bondar, Katarína Kulichová, et al. “Armadillo Repeat Only Proteins Are Required for the Function of Plant CNGC Channels.” <i>BioRxiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.06.631460\">https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.06.631460</a>.","ama":"Kulich I, Oulehlová D, Vladimirtsev D, et al. Armadillo repeat only proteins are required for the function of plant CNGC channels. <i>bioRxiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.06.631460\">10.1101/2025.01.06.631460</a>","mla":"Kulich, Ivan, et al. “Armadillo Repeat Only Proteins Are Required for the Function of Plant CNGC Channels.” <i>BioRxiv</i>, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.06.631460\">10.1101/2025.01.06.631460</a>.","apa":"Kulich, I., Oulehlová, D., Vladimirtsev, D., Zou, M., Lileikyte, E., Bondar, A., … Friml, J. (n.d.). Armadillo repeat only proteins are required for the function of plant CNGC channels. <i>bioRxiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.06.631460\">https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.06.631460</a>","ieee":"I. Kulich <i>et al.</i>, “Armadillo repeat only proteins are required for the function of plant CNGC channels,” <i>bioRxiv</i>. ."},"oa":1,"publication":"bioRxiv","department":[{"_id":"JiFr"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.06.631460","open_access":"1"}],"year":"2025","OA_place":"repository","date_published":"2025-05-16T00:00:00Z","title":"Armadillo repeat only proteins are required for the function of plant CNGC channels","_id":"20982","date_created":"2026-01-13T14:07:58Z","date_updated":"2026-04-07T11:41:43Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Plant cells respond to a wide range of stimuli through intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling. Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) are a major class of plant Ca2+ channels, with 20 homologs in Arabidopsis. These tetrameric plasma membrane proteins act downstream of diverse signals, such as phytohormones, extracellular damage, cell wall integrity or temperature. Here, we identify a class of plant-specific proteins, Armadillo Repeat Only (ARO), as essential regulators of possibly all plant CNGCs. Abrogation of functional sporophytic AROs results in a phenotypic pattern strongly reminiscent of CNGC dysfunction, including defects in root gravitropism, root hair growth and morphology, stomatal movement, and responses to extracellular ATP and the phytohormone auxin. aro2/3/4 mutants are fully resistant to the toxic effects caused by overexpression of CNGCs. AROs colocalize and physically interact with multiple CNGCs and modulate CNGC-dependent currents in Xenopus oocytes. Structural modeling and site-directed mutagenesis reveal AROs tetramer formation surrounding the CNGC channel, interacting via its IQ domain. Taken together, plant CNGC channels don’t act alone, but in a larger complex - channelosome, first of a kind in plants."}],"day":"16","month":"05"},{"date_updated":"2026-01-20T07:23:34Z","OA_type":"gold","day":"29","has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"npj Computational Materials","citation":{"short":"P. Zhong, D. Kim, D.S. King, B. Cheng, Npj Computational Materials 11 (2025).","chicago":"Zhong, Peichen, Dongjin Kim, Daniel S. King, and Bingqing Cheng. “Machine Learning Interatomic Potential Can Infer Electrical Response.” <i>Npj Computational Materials</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-025-01911-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-025-01911-z</a>.","ista":"Zhong P, Kim D, King DS, Cheng B. 2025. Machine learning interatomic potential can infer electrical response. npj Computational Materials. 11, 384.","ama":"Zhong P, Kim D, King DS, Cheng B. Machine learning interatomic potential can infer electrical response. <i>npj Computational Materials</i>. 2025;11. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-025-01911-z\">10.1038/s41524-025-01911-z</a>","ieee":"P. Zhong, D. Kim, D. S. King, and B. Cheng, “Machine learning interatomic potential can infer electrical response,” <i>npj Computational Materials</i>, vol. 11. Springer Nature, 2025.","apa":"Zhong, P., Kim, D., King, D. S., &#38; Cheng, B. (2025). Machine learning interatomic potential can infer electrical response. <i>Npj Computational Materials</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-025-01911-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-025-01911-z</a>","mla":"Zhong, Peichen, et al. “Machine Learning Interatomic Potential Can Infer Electrical Response.” <i>Npj Computational Materials</i>, vol. 11, 384, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-025-01911-z\">10.1038/s41524-025-01911-z</a>."},"file":[{"file_name":"2025_npj_Zhong.pdf","date_updated":"2026-01-20T07:22:04Z","success":1,"file_id":"21005","checksum":"cc999804ba3bfed809ae46c73869e4e3","creator":"dernst","file_size":2686255,"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-01-20T07:22:04Z","access_level":"open_access"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","department":[{"_id":"BiCh"}],"OA_place":"publisher","_id":"20990","title":"Machine learning interatomic potential can infer electrical response","ddc":["540"],"type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"Yes","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2057-3960"]},"doi":"10.1038/s41524-025-01911-z","quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","volume":11,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Modeling the response of material and chemical systems to electric fields remains a longstanding challenge. Machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) offer an efficient and scalable alternative to quantum mechanical methods, but do not by themselves incorporate electrical response. Here, we show that polarization and Born effective charge (BEC) tensors can be directly extracted from long-range MLIPs within the Latent Ewald Summation (LES) framework, solely by learning from energy and force data. Using this approach, we predict the infrared spectra of bulk water under zero or finite external electric fields, ionic conductivities of high-pressure superionic ice, and the phase transition and hysteresis in ferroelectric PbTiO3 perovskite. This work thus extends the capability of MLIPs to predict electrical response –without training on charges or polarization or BECs– and enables accurate modeling of electric-field-driven processes in diverse systems at scale."}],"month":"12","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"The authors thank for valuable discussions with Pinchen Xie, David Limmer, Jeff Neaton, and Greg Voth. The authors thank Sebastien Hamel for providing the DFT MD trajectories for superionic water, and help clarifying questions related to the pseudopotentials. The authors thank Federico Grasselli and Stefano Baroni for providing data and notebooks for computing the conductivity of a molten salt. This research used the Savio computational cluster resource provided by the Berkeley Research Computing program at the University of California, Berkeley (supported by the UC Berkeley Chancellor, Vice Chancellor for Research, and Chief Information Officer). D.S.K. and P.Z. acknowledge funding from the BIDMaP Postdoctoral Fellowship.","intvolume":"        11","date_published":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2026-01-20T07:22:04Z","article_type":"original","year":"2025","date_created":"2026-01-15T12:17:07Z","author":[{"full_name":"Zhong, Peichen","first_name":"Peichen","last_name":"Zhong"},{"full_name":"Kim, Dongjin","first_name":"Dongjin","last_name":"Kim"},{"last_name":"King","first_name":"Daniel S.","full_name":"King, Daniel S."},{"last_name":"Cheng","first_name":"Bingqing","id":"cbe3cda4-d82c-11eb-8dc7-8ff94289fcc9","full_name":"Cheng, Bingqing","orcid":"0000-0002-3584-9632"}],"corr_author":"1","publication_status":"published","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_number":"384","PlanS_conform":"1"},{"citation":{"apa":"Browning, T. D., &#38; Verzobio, M. (2025). Counting integer points on affine surfaces with a side condition. <i>Discrete Analysis</i>. Cambridge: Alliance of Diamond Open Access Journals. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.19086/da.143787\">https://doi.org/10.19086/da.143787</a>","mla":"Browning, Timothy D., and Matteo Verzobio. “Counting Integer Points on Affine Surfaces with a Side Condition.” <i>Discrete Analysis</i>, vol. 2025, 12, Cambridge: Alliance of Diamond Open Access Journals, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.19086/da.143787\">10.19086/da.143787</a>.","ieee":"T. D. Browning and M. Verzobio, “Counting integer points on affine surfaces with a side condition,” <i>Discrete Analysis</i>, vol. 2025. Cambridge: Alliance of Diamond Open Access Journals, 2025.","ama":"Browning TD, Verzobio M. Counting integer points on affine surfaces with a side condition. <i>Discrete Analysis</i>. 2025;2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.19086/da.143787\">10.19086/da.143787</a>","ista":"Browning TD, Verzobio M. 2025. Counting integer points on affine surfaces with a side condition. Discrete Analysis. 2025, 12.","chicago":"Browning, Timothy D, and Matteo Verzobio. “Counting Integer Points on Affine Surfaces with a Side Condition.” <i>Discrete Analysis</i>. Cambridge: Alliance of Diamond Open Access Journals, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.19086/da.143787\">https://doi.org/10.19086/da.143787</a>.","short":"T.D. Browning, M. Verzobio, Discrete Analysis 2025 (2025)."},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Discrete Analysis","department":[{"_id":"TiBr"}],"publisher":"Cambridge: Alliance of Diamond Open Access Journals","file":[{"success":1,"checksum":"3d38e850b40f3e1abbfd30073bd4388a","file_id":"21214","file_name":"2025_DiscreteAnalysis_Browning.pdf","date_updated":"2026-02-12T07:50:47Z","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-02-12T07:50:47Z","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","file_size":393625,"content_type":"application/pdf"}],"OA_place":"publisher","_id":"21003","title":"Counting integer points on affine surfaces with a side condition","date_updated":"2026-02-12T08:03:12Z","OA_type":"diamond","day":"01","doi":"10.19086/da.143787","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2397-3129"]},"status":"public","ec_funded":1,"scopus_import":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","ddc":["510"],"type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1,"acknowledgement":"Supported by FWF grant (DOI 10.55776/P36278), Supported by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant\r\nAgreement No. 101034413.","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"      2025","year":"2025","article_type":"original","file_date_updated":"2026-02-12T07:50:47Z","date_published":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2026-01-18T23:02:44Z","volume":2025,"abstract":[{"text":"We extend work of Heath-Brown and Salberger, based on the determinant method, to provide a uniform upper bound for the number of integral points of bounded height on an affine surface, which are subject to a polynomial congruence condition. This is applied to get a new uniform bound for points on diagonal quadric surfaces, and to a problem about the representation of integers as a sum of four unlike powers.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"09","project":[{"name":"Rational curves via function field analytic number theory","grant_number":"P36278","_id":"bd8a4fdc-d553-11ed-ba76-80a0167441a3"},{"_id":"fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c","name":"IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program","grant_number":"101034413","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Browning","first_name":"Timothy D","id":"35827D50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8314-0177","full_name":"Browning, Timothy D"},{"id":"7aa8f170-131e-11ed-88e1-a9efd01027cb","orcid":"0000-0002-0854-0306","full_name":"Verzobio, Matteo","last_name":"Verzobio","first_name":"Matteo"}],"corr_author":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2408.11453"]},"article_number":"12","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"publication_status":"published"},{"month":"10","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Currently, the best known tradeoff between approximation ratio and complexity for the Sparsest Cut problem is achieved by the algorithm in [Sherman, FOCS 2009]: it computes O(√(log n)/ε)-approximation using O(nε logO(1) n) maxflows for any ε∈[Θ(1/log n),Θ(1)]. It works by solving the SDP relaxation of [Arora-Rao-Vazirani, STOC 2004] using the Multiplicative Weights Update algorithm (MW) of [Arora-Kale, JACM 2016]. To implement one MW step, Sherman approximately solves a multicommodity flow problem using another application of MW. Nested MW steps are solved via a certain \"chaining\" algorithm that combines results of multiple calls to the maxflow algorithm. We present an alternative approach that avoids solving the multicommodity flow problem and instead computes \"violating paths\". This simplifies Sherman's algorithm by removing a need for a nested application of MW, and also allows parallelization: we show how to compute O(√(log n)/ε)-approximation via O(logO(1) n) maxflows using O(nε) processors. We also revisit Sherman's chaining algorithm, and present a simpler version together with a new analysis."}],"volume":21,"date_created":"2026-01-20T10:04:02Z","date_published":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2026-01-21T09:38:09Z","article_type":"original","year":"2025","intvolume":"        21","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"issue":"4","publication_status":"published","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2307.00115"]},"corr_author":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Kolmogorov","first_name":"Vladimir","id":"3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Kolmogorov, Vladimir"}],"PlanS_conform":"1","day":"01","OA_type":"hybrid","date_updated":"2026-01-21T09:46:26Z","_id":"21007","title":"A simpler and parallelizable O(√log n)-approximation algorithm for SPARSEST CUT","OA_place":"publisher","file":[{"success":1,"file_id":"21031","checksum":"4a80fdb1e3711b9a2768d2bb8f6d3b4e","file_name":"2025_ACMToA_Kolmogorov.pdf","date_updated":"2026-01-21T09:38:09Z","date_created":"2026-01-21T09:38:09Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","file_size":2208302,"content_type":"application/pdf"}],"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery","department":[{"_id":"VlKo"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"ACM Transactions on Algorithms","citation":{"chicago":"Kolmogorov, Vladimir. “A Simpler and Parallelizable O(√log n)-Approximation Algorithm for SPARSEST CUT.” <i>ACM Transactions on Algorithms</i>. Association for Computing Machinery, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3748723\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3748723</a>.","ista":"Kolmogorov V. 2025. A simpler and parallelizable O(√log n)-approximation algorithm for SPARSEST CUT. ACM Transactions on Algorithms. 21(4), 1–22.","short":"V. Kolmogorov, ACM Transactions on Algorithms 21 (2025) 1–22.","ieee":"V. Kolmogorov, “A simpler and parallelizable O(√log n)-approximation algorithm for SPARSEST CUT,” <i>ACM Transactions on Algorithms</i>, vol. 21, no. 4. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 1–22, 2025.","apa":"Kolmogorov, V. (2025). A simpler and parallelizable O(√log n)-approximation algorithm for SPARSEST CUT. <i>ACM Transactions on Algorithms</i>. Association for Computing Machinery. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3748723\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3748723</a>","mla":"Kolmogorov, Vladimir. “A Simpler and Parallelizable O(√log n)-Approximation Algorithm for SPARSEST CUT.” <i>ACM Transactions on Algorithms</i>, vol. 21, no. 4, Association for Computing Machinery, 2025, pp. 1–22, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3748723\">10.1145/3748723</a>.","ama":"Kolmogorov V. A simpler and parallelizable O(√log n)-approximation algorithm for SPARSEST CUT. <i>ACM Transactions on Algorithms</i>. 2025;21(4):1-22. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3748723\">10.1145/3748723</a>"},"arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","type":"journal_article","ddc":["510"],"scopus_import":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","page":"1-22","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"17236","relation":"shorter_version"}]},"status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1549-6325"],"eissn":["1549-6333"]},"doi":"10.1145/3748723","quality_controlled":"1"},{"date_created":"2026-01-20T10:12:21Z","title":"Identifying cobordisms using kernel persistence","_id":"21016","date_published":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","OA_place":"repository","year":"2025","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.17858"}],"department":[{"_id":"HeEd"}],"publication":"arXiv","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"ama":"Bokor Bleile Y, Fajstrup L, Heiss T, Svane AM, Sørensen SS. Identifying cobordisms using kernel persistence. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.17858\">10.48550/arXiv.2505.17858</a>","ieee":"Y. Bokor Bleile, L. Fajstrup, T. Heiss, A. M. Svane, and S. S. Sørensen, “Identifying cobordisms using kernel persistence,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","mla":"Bokor Bleile, Yossi, et al. “Identifying Cobordisms Using Kernel Persistence.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2505.17858, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.17858\">10.48550/arXiv.2505.17858</a>.","apa":"Bokor Bleile, Y., Fajstrup, L., Heiss, T., Svane, A. M., &#38; Sørensen, S. S. (n.d.). Identifying cobordisms using kernel persistence. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.17858\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.17858</a>","short":"Y. Bokor Bleile, L. Fajstrup, T. Heiss, A.M. Svane, S.S. Sørensen, ArXiv (n.d.).","chicago":"Bokor Bleile, Yossi, Lisbeth Fajstrup, Teresa Heiss, Anne Marie Svane, and Søren Strandskov Sørensen. “Identifying Cobordisms Using Kernel Persistence.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.17858\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.17858</a>.","ista":"Bokor Bleile Y, Fajstrup L, Heiss T, Svane AM, Sørensen SS. Identifying cobordisms using kernel persistence. arXiv, 2505.17858."},"oa":1,"acknowledgement":"Y. B. B. and L. F. were funded by the Independent Research Fund Denmark, grant\r\nnumber 1026-00037. T. H. was partially supported by the European Research Council\r\n(ERC) Horizon 2020, grant number 788183.","day":"23","month":"05","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Motivated by applications in chemistry, we give a homlogical definition of tunnels, or more generally cobordisms, connecting disjoint parts of a cell complex. For a filtered complex, this defines a persistence module. We give a method for identifying birth and death times using kernel persistence and a matrix reduction algorithm for pairing birth and death times."}],"date_updated":"2026-06-11T11:51:13Z","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"788183","name":"Alpha Shape Theory Extended","_id":"266A2E9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Preprint","status":"public","ec_funded":1,"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2505.17858","publication_status":"submitted","arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","article_number":"2505.17858","type":"preprint","external_id":{"arxiv":["2505.17858"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Yossi","last_name":"Bleile","full_name":"Bleile, Yossi","orcid":"0000-0002-4861-9174","id":"920a7385-7995-11ef-9bfd-8c434cd8f3c2"},{"full_name":"Fajstrup, Lisbeth","last_name":"Fajstrup","first_name":"Lisbeth"},{"last_name":"Heiss","first_name":"Teresa","id":"4879BB4E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Heiss, Teresa","orcid":"0000-0002-1780-2689"},{"last_name":"Svane","first_name":"Anne Marie","full_name":"Svane, Anne Marie"},{"first_name":"Søren Strandskov","last_name":"Sørensen","full_name":"Sørensen, Søren Strandskov"}]},{"author":[{"full_name":"Neiheiser, Ray","orcid":"0000-0001-7227-8309","id":"f09651b9-fec0-11ec-b5d8-934aff0e52a4","first_name":"Ray","last_name":"Neiheiser"},{"last_name":"Matos","first_name":"Miguel","full_name":"Matos, Miguel"},{"full_name":"Rodrigues, Luis","first_name":"Luis","last_name":"Rodrigues"}],"corr_author":"1","publication_status":"epub_ahead","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_number":"3769423","PlanS_conform":"1","project":[{"name":"Interface Theory for Security and Privacy","grant_number":"F8502","_id":"34a1b658-11ca-11ed-8bc3-c75229f0241e"},{"_id":"7bdd2f70-9f16-11ee-852c-b7950bc6d277","grant_number":"ICT22-045","name":"SeCure, privAte, and interoperabLe layEr 2"}],"abstract":[{"text":"With the growing interest in blockchains, permissioned approaches to consensus have received increasing attention. Unfortunately, the BFT consensus algorithms that are the backbone of most of these blockchains scale poorly and offer limited throughput. In fact, many state-of-the-art BFT consensus algorithms require a single leader process to receive and validate votes from a quorum of processes and then broadcast the result, which is inherently non-scalable. Recent approaches avoid this bottleneck by using dissemination/aggregation trees to propagate values and collect and validate votes. However, the use of trees increases the round latency, which limits the throughput for deeper trees. In this paper we propose Kauri, a BFT communication abstraction that sustains high throughput as the system size grows by leveraging a novel pipelining technique to perform scalable dissemination and aggregation on trees. Furthermore, when the number of faults is moderate (arguably the most common case in practice), our construction is able to recover from faults in an optimal number of reconfiguration steps. We implemented and experimentally evaluated Kauri with up to 800 processes. Our results show that Kauri outperforms the throughput of state-of-the-art permissioned blockchain protocols, by up to 58x without compromising latency. Interestingly, in some cases, the parallelization provided by Kauri can also decrease the latency.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"09","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank the ACM TOCS Editors and the reviewers for their help in improving the manuscript. This work was partially supported by CAPES - Brazil (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) and byFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) under project UIDB/50021/2020 and grant 2020.05270.BD, and via project COSMOS (via the OE with ref. PTDC/EEI-COM/29271/2017, via the łPrograma Operacional Regional de Lisboa na sua componente FEDER” with ref. Lisboa-01-0145-FEDER-029271) and project Angainor with reference LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-031456, grant agreement number 952226, and project GLOG, with reference LISBOA2030-FEDER-00771200, and project BIG (Enhancing the research and innovation potential of Tecnico through blockchain technologies and design Innovation for social Good), and project ScalableCosmosConsensus, and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) SFB project SpyCoDe F8502 and the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) project SCALE2 CT22-045","date_published":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","year":"2025","date_created":"2026-01-20T10:14:23Z","ddc":["000"],"type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0734-2071"],"eissn":["1557-7333"]},"doi":"10.1145/3769423","quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_updated":"2026-06-18T18:28:26Z","OA_type":"hybrid","day":"05","publication":"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"apa":"Neiheiser, R., Matos, M., &#38; Rodrigues, L. (2025). Kauri: BFT consensus with pipelined tree-based dissemination and aggregation. <i>ACM Transactions on Computer Systems</i>. Association for Computing Machinery. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769423\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3769423</a>","mla":"Neiheiser, Ray, et al. “Kauri: BFT Consensus with Pipelined Tree-Based Dissemination and Aggregation.” <i>ACM Transactions on Computer Systems</i>, 3769423, Association for Computing Machinery, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769423\">10.1145/3769423</a>.","ieee":"R. Neiheiser, M. Matos, and L. Rodrigues, “Kauri: BFT consensus with pipelined tree-based dissemination and aggregation,” <i>ACM Transactions on Computer Systems</i>. Association for Computing Machinery, 2025.","ama":"Neiheiser R, Matos M, Rodrigues L. Kauri: BFT consensus with pipelined tree-based dissemination and aggregation. <i>ACM Transactions on Computer Systems</i>. 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769423\">10.1145/3769423</a>","ista":"Neiheiser R, Matos M, Rodrigues L. 2025. Kauri: BFT consensus with pipelined tree-based dissemination and aggregation. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems., 3769423.","chicago":"Neiheiser, Ray, Miguel Matos, and Luis Rodrigues. “Kauri: BFT Consensus with Pipelined Tree-Based Dissemination and Aggregation.” <i>ACM Transactions on Computer Systems</i>. Association for Computing Machinery, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769423\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3769423</a>.","short":"R. Neiheiser, M. Matos, L. Rodrigues, ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (2025)."},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3769423","open_access":"1"}],"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery","department":[{"_id":"KrPi"}],"OA_place":"publisher","title":"Kauri: BFT consensus with pipelined tree-based dissemination and aggregation","_id":"21017"},{"conference":{"name":"CCS: Conference on Computer and Communications Security","start_date":"2025-10-13","location":"Taipei, Taiwan","end_date":"2025-10-17"},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"21401"}]},"page":"2774-2787","status":"public","ec_funded":1,"doi":"10.1145/3719027.3765137","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9798400715259"]},"quality_controlled":"1","arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","type":"conference","ddc":["000"],"_id":"21020","title":"Privacy-preserving runtime verification","OA_place":"publisher","file":[{"file_size":1241912,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-01-21T07:34:58Z","date_updated":"2026-01-21T07:34:58Z","file_name":"2025_CCS_HenzingerT.pdf","file_id":"21024","checksum":"615ffddab6c7285158c2953acec6fa6f","success":1}],"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery","department":[{"_id":"ToHe"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","citation":{"mla":"Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “Privacy-Preserving Runtime Verification.” <i>Proceedings of the 2025 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security</i>, Association for Computing Machinery, 2025, pp. 2774–87, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3719027.3765137\">10.1145/3719027.3765137</a>.","apa":"Henzinger, T. A., Karimi, M., &#38; Thejaswini, K. S. (2025). Privacy-preserving runtime verification. In <i>Proceedings of the 2025 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security</i> (pp. 2774–2787). Taipei, Taiwan: Association for Computing Machinery. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3719027.3765137\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3719027.3765137</a>","ieee":"T. A. Henzinger, M. Karimi, and K. S. Thejaswini, “Privacy-preserving runtime verification,” in <i>Proceedings of the 2025 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security</i>, Taipei, Taiwan, 2025, pp. 2774–2787.","ama":"Henzinger TA, Karimi M, Thejaswini KS. Privacy-preserving runtime verification. In: <i>Proceedings of the 2025 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security</i>. Association for Computing Machinery; 2025:2774-2787. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3719027.3765137\">10.1145/3719027.3765137</a>","ista":"Henzinger TA, Karimi M, Thejaswini KS. 2025. Privacy-preserving runtime verification. Proceedings of the 2025 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. CCS: Conference on Computer and Communications Security, 2774–2787.","chicago":"Henzinger, Thomas A, Mahyar Karimi, and K. S. Thejaswini. “Privacy-Preserving Runtime Verification.” In <i>Proceedings of the 2025 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security</i>, 2774–87. Association for Computing Machinery, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3719027.3765137\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3719027.3765137</a>.","short":"T.A. Henzinger, M. Karimi, K.S. Thejaswini, in:, Proceedings of the 2025 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, Association for Computing Machinery, 2025, pp. 2774–2787."},"day":"22","OA_type":"hybrid","date_updated":"2026-03-13T13:37:19Z","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"101020093","name":"Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software","_id":"62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d"},{"name":"Interface Theory for Security and Privacy","grant_number":"F8502","_id":"34a1b658-11ca-11ed-8bc3-c75229f0241e"}],"publication_status":"published","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2505.09276"]},"corr_author":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Henzinger","first_name":"Thomas A","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724"},{"last_name":"Karimi","first_name":"Mahyar","id":"6e5417ba-5355-11ee-ae5a-94c2e510b26b","full_name":"Karimi, Mahyar","orcid":"0009-0005-0820-1696"},{"id":"3807fb92-fdc1-11ee-bb4a-b4d8a431c753","full_name":"Thejaswini, K. S.","last_name":"Thejaswini","first_name":"K. S."}],"date_created":"2026-01-20T10:17:10Z","date_published":"2025-11-22T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2026-01-21T07:34:58Z","year":"2025","acknowledgement":"This work is a part of projects VAMOS that has received fund-ing from the European Research Council (ERC), grant agreementNo 101020093 and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) SFB projectSpyCoDe F8502.We thank anonymous reviewers for pointing us to related work [ 3] and for their valuable suggestions that improved this paper.","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"month":"11","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Runtime verification offers scalable solutions to improve the safety and reliability of systems. However, systems that require verification or monitoring by a third party to ensure compliance with a specification might contain sensitive information, causing privacy concerns when usual runtime verification approaches are used. Privacy is compromised if protected information about the system, or sensitive data that is processed by the system, is revealed. In addition, revealing the specification being monitored may undermine the essence of third-party verification.\r\nIn this work, we propose two novel protocols for the privacy-preserving runtime verification of systems against formal sequential specifications. In our first protocol, the monitor verifies whether the system satisfies the specification without learning anything else, though both parties are aware of the specification. Our second protocol ensures that the system remains oblivious to the monitored specification, while the monitor learns only whether the system satisfies the specification and nothing more. Our protocols adapt and improve existing techniques used in cryptography, and more specifically, multi-party computation.\r\nThe sequential specification defines the observation step of the monitor, whose granularity depends on the situation (e.g., banks may be monitored on a daily basis). Our protocols exchange a single message per observation step, after an initialisation phase. This design minimises communication overhead, enabling relatively lightweight privacy-preserving monitoring. We implement our approach for monitoring specifications described by register automata and evaluate it experimentally."}]},{"day":"22","date_updated":"2026-02-09T06:11:17Z","OA_type":"gold","OA_place":"publisher","_id":"21049","title":"How to probe: Simple yet effective techniques for improving post-hoc explanations","citation":{"ama":"Gairola S, Böhle M, Locatello F, Schiele B. How to probe: Simple yet effective techniques for improving post-hoc explanations. In: <i>13th International Conference on Learning Representations</i>. ICLR; 2025.","mla":"Gairola, Siddhartha, et al. “How to Probe: Simple yet Effective Techniques for Improving Post-Hoc Explanations.” <i>13th International Conference on Learning Representations</i>, ICLR, 2025.","apa":"Gairola, S., Böhle, M., Locatello, F., &#38; Schiele, B. (2025). How to probe: Simple yet effective techniques for improving post-hoc explanations. In <i>13th International Conference on Learning Representations</i>. Singapore: ICLR.","ieee":"S. Gairola, M. Böhle, F. Locatello, and B. Schiele, “How to probe: Simple yet effective techniques for improving post-hoc explanations,” in <i>13th International Conference on Learning Representations</i>, Singapore, 2025.","short":"S. Gairola, M. Böhle, F. Locatello, B. Schiele, in:, 13th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR, 2025.","ista":"Gairola S, Böhle M, Locatello F, Schiele B. 2025. How to probe: Simple yet effective techniques for improving post-hoc explanations. 13th International Conference on Learning Representations. ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations.","chicago":"Gairola, Siddhartha, Moritz Böhle, Francesco Locatello, and Bernt Schiele. “How to Probe: Simple yet Effective Techniques for Improving Post-Hoc Explanations.” In <i>13th International Conference on Learning Representations</i>. ICLR, 2025."},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"13th International Conference on Learning Representations","publisher":"ICLR","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"file":[{"file_name":"2025_ICLR_Gairola.pdf","date_updated":"2026-02-09T06:06:14Z","success":1,"file_id":"21162","checksum":"6c8dfe4291c41d5a2c2fd838105e10b9","creator":"dernst","file_size":24386863,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-02-09T06:06:14Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access"}],"type":"conference","arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","ddc":["000"],"related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://github.com/sidgairo18/how-to-probe","relation":"software"}]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","conference":{"end_date":"2025-04-28","location":"Singapore","name":"ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations","start_date":"2025-04-24"},"quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"Post-hoc importance attribution methods are a popular tool for “explaining” Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and are inherently based on the assumption that the explanations can be applied independently of how the models were trained. Contrarily, in this work we bring forward empirical evidence that challenges this very notion. Surprisingly, we discover a strong dependency on and demonstrate that the training details of a pre-trained model’s classification layer (<10% of model parameters) play a crucial role, much more than the pre-training scheme itself. This is of high practical relevance: (1) as techniques for pre-training models are becoming increasingly diverse, understanding the interplay between these techniques and attribution methods is critical; (2) it sheds light on an important yet overlooked assumption of post-hoc attribution methods which can drastically impact model explanations and how they are interpreted eventually. With this finding we also present simple yet effective adjustments to the classification layers, that can significantly enhance the quality of model explanations. We validate our findings across several visual pre-training frameworks (fully-supervised, self-supervised, contrastive vision-language training) and analyse how they impact explanations for a wide range of attribution methods on a diverse set of evaluation metrics.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"01","year":"2025","date_published":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2026-02-09T06:06:14Z","date_created":"2026-01-27T12:48:35Z","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"We sincerely thank Sukrut Rao and Yue Fan for their valuable feedback on the paper and insightful discussions throughout the project. Additionally, we appreciate Sukrut’s help\r\nwith some LATEX sorcery. This work was partially supported by ELSA Mobility Program1\r\nas part of the ELLIS2 exchange program to the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), where a portion of this research was conducted.","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"corr_author":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2503.00641"]},"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"publication_status":"published","author":[{"full_name":"Gairola, Siddhartha","id":"fb21489d-057c-11f1-b1b6-d68cd6ae64f5","first_name":"Siddhartha","last_name":"Gairola"},{"first_name":"Moritz","last_name":"Böhle","full_name":"Böhle, Moritz"},{"id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683","full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","last_name":"Locatello","first_name":"Francesco"},{"full_name":"Schiele, Bernt","last_name":"Schiele","first_name":"Bernt"}]},{"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"21021","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"},{"status":"public","id":"21931","relation":"later_version"}]},"oa_version":"Preprint","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","doi":"10.48550/ARXIV.2501.05315","status":"public","corr_author":"1","type":"preprint","external_id":{"arxiv":["2501.05315"]},"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1,"publication_status":"draft","author":[{"last_name":"Edelsbrunner","first_name":"Herbert","id":"3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Edelsbrunner, Herbert","orcid":"0000-0002-9823-6833"},{"id":"35638A5C-AAC7-11E9-B0BF-5503E6697425","full_name":"Fillmore, Christopher D","last_name":"Fillmore","first_name":"Christopher D"},{"first_name":"Gonçalo","last_name":"Olivera","full_name":"Olivera, Gonçalo"}],"year":"2025","date_published":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","OA_place":"repository","_id":"21050","title":"Counting equilibria of the electrostatic potential","date_created":"2026-01-27T14:29:27Z","oa":1,"citation":{"mla":"Edelsbrunner, Herbert, et al. “Counting Equilibria of the Electrostatic Potential.” <i>ArXiv</i>, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2501.05315\">10.48550/ARXIV.2501.05315</a>.","apa":"Edelsbrunner, H., Fillmore, C. D., &#38; Olivera, G. (n.d.). Counting equilibria of the electrostatic potential. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2501.05315\">https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2501.05315</a>","ieee":"H. Edelsbrunner, C. D. Fillmore, and G. Olivera, “Counting equilibria of the electrostatic potential,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","ama":"Edelsbrunner H, Fillmore CD, Olivera G. Counting equilibria of the electrostatic potential. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2501.05315\">10.48550/ARXIV.2501.05315</a>","ista":"Edelsbrunner H, Fillmore CD, Olivera G. Counting equilibria of the electrostatic potential. arXiv, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2501.05315\">10.48550/ARXIV.2501.05315</a>.","chicago":"Edelsbrunner, Herbert, Christopher D Fillmore, and Gonçalo Olivera. “Counting Equilibria of the Electrostatic Potential.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2501.05315\">https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2501.05315</a>.","short":"H. Edelsbrunner, C.D. Fillmore, G. Olivera, ArXiv (n.d.)."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"arXiv","department":[{"_id":"HeEd"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2501.05315","open_access":"1"}],"abstract":[{"text":"In 1873, James C. Maxwell conjectured that the electric field generated by $n$ point charges in generic position has at most $(n-1)^2$ isolated zeroes. The first (non-optimal) upper bound was only obtained in 2007 by Gabrielov, Novikov and Shapiro, who also posed two additional interesting conjectures.\r\n In this article, we give the best upper bound known to date on the number of zeroes of the electric field, and construct a counterexample to a conjecture of Gabrielov, Novikov and Shapiro that the number of equilibria cannot exceed those of the distance function defined by the unit point charges.\r\n Finally, we note that it is quite possible that Maxwell's quadratic upper bound is not tight, so it is prudent to find smaller bounds. Hence, we also explore examples and construct configurations of charges achieving the highest ratios of the number of electric field zeroes by point charges found to this day.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"03","day":"20","date_updated":"2026-06-02T09:24:17Z"},{"PlanS_conform":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Vistrup, Max","last_name":"Vistrup","first_name":"Max"},{"last_name":"Sammler","first_name":"Michael Joachim","id":"510d3901-2a03-11ee-914d-d9ae9011f0a7","full_name":"Sammler, Michael Joachim"},{"first_name":"Ralf","last_name":"Jung","full_name":"Jung, Ralf"}],"publication_status":"published","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"intvolume":"         9","oa":1,"issue":"POPL","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2026-01-28T06:35:47Z","date_published":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","year":"2025","article_type":"original","volume":9,"month":"01","abstract":[{"text":"Program logics have proven a successful strategy for verification of complex programs. By providing local reasoning and means of abstraction and composition, they allow reasoning principles for individual components of a program to be combined to prove guarantees about a whole program. Crucially, these components and their proofs can be reused. However, this reuse is only available once the program logic has been defined. It is a frustrating fact of the status quo that whoever defines a new program logic must establish every part, both semantics and proof rules, from scratch. In spite of programming languages and program logics typically sharing many core features, reuse is generally not available across languages. Even inside one language, if the same underlying operation appears in multiple language primitives, reuse is typically not possible when establishing proof rules for the program logic.\r\nTo enable reuse across and inside languages when defining complex program logics (and proving them sound), we serve program logics à la carte by combining program logic fragments for the various effects of the language. Among other language features, the menu includes shared state, concurrency, and non-determinism as reusable, composable blocks that can be combined to define a program logic modularly. Our theory builds on ITrees as a framework to express language semantics and Iris as the underlying separation logic; the work has been mechanized in the Coq proof assistant.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2475-1421"]},"doi":"10.1145/3704847","quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","page":"300-331","article_processing_charge":"No","type":"journal_article","extern":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery","publication":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"short":"M. Vistrup, M.J. Sammler, R. Jung, Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 9 (2025) 300–331.","ista":"Vistrup M, Sammler MJ, Jung R. 2025. Program logics à la Carte. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. 9(POPL), 300–331.","chicago":"Vistrup, Max, Michael Joachim Sammler, and Ralf Jung. “Program Logics à La Carte.” <i>Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages</i>. Association for Computing Machinery, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704847\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3704847</a>.","ama":"Vistrup M, Sammler MJ, Jung R. Program logics à la Carte. <i>Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages</i>. 2025;9(POPL):300-331. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704847\">10.1145/3704847</a>","apa":"Vistrup, M., Sammler, M. J., &#38; Jung, R. (2025). Program logics à la Carte. <i>Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages</i>. Association for Computing Machinery. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704847\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3704847</a>","mla":"Vistrup, Max, et al. “Program Logics à La Carte.” <i>Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages</i>, vol. 9, no. POPL, Association for Computing Machinery, 2025, pp. 300–31, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704847\">10.1145/3704847</a>.","ieee":"M. Vistrup, M. J. Sammler, and R. Jung, “Program logics à la Carte,” <i>Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages</i>, vol. 9, no. POPL. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 300–331, 2025."},"_id":"21052","title":"Program logics à la Carte","OA_place":"publisher","OA_type":"hybrid","date_updated":"2026-02-09T06:19:36Z","day":"09"},{"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"publication_status":"published","external_id":{"arxiv":["2407.20002"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Thibault","last_name":"Dardinier","full_name":"Dardinier, Thibault"},{"full_name":"Sammler, Michael Joachim","id":"510d3901-2a03-11ee-914d-d9ae9011f0a7","first_name":"Michael Joachim","last_name":"Sammler"},{"last_name":"Parthasarathy","first_name":"Gaurav","full_name":"Parthasarathy, Gaurav"},{"first_name":"Alexander J.","last_name":"Summers","full_name":"Summers, Alexander J."},{"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Müller","full_name":"Müller, Peter"}],"PlanS_conform":"1","month":"01","abstract":[{"text":"Program verification tools are often implemented as front-end translations of an input program into an intermediate verification language (IVL) such as Boogie, GIL, Viper, or Why3. The resulting IVL program is then verified using an existing back-end verifier. A soundness proof for such a translational verifier needs to relate the input program and verification logic to the semantics of the IVL, which in turn needs to be connected with the verification logic implemented in the back-end verifiers. Performing such proofs is challenging due to the large semantic gap between the input and output programs and logics, especially for complex verification logics such as separation logic.\r\nThis paper presents a formal framework for reasoning about translational separation logic verifiers. At its center is a generic core IVL that captures the essence of different separation logics. We define its operational semantics and formally connect it to two different back-end verifiers, which use symbolic execution and verification condition generation, resp. Crucially, this semantics uses angelic non-determinism to enable the application of different proof search algorithms and heuristics in the back-end verifiers. An axiomatic semantics for the core IVL simplifies reasoning about the front-end translation by performing essential proof steps once and for all in the equivalence proof with the operational semantics rather than for each concrete front-end translation.\r\nWe illustrate the usefulness of our formal framework by instantiating our core IVL with elements of Viper and connecting it to two Viper back-ends as well as a front-end for concurrent separation logic. All our technical results have been formalized in Isabelle/HOL, including the core IVL and its semantics, the semantics of two back-ends for a subset of Viper, and all proofs.","lang":"eng"}],"volume":9,"date_created":"2026-01-28T06:36:57Z","year":"2025","article_type":"original","date_published":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"         9","issue":"POPL","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1,"extern":"1","type":"journal_article","ddc":["000"],"page":"569-599","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2475-1421"]},"doi":"10.1145/3704856","day":"09","OA_type":"hybrid","date_updated":"2026-02-09T06:25:01Z","_id":"21053","title":"Formal foundations for translational separation logic verifiers","OA_place":"publisher","publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery","citation":{"mla":"Dardinier, Thibault, et al. “Formal Foundations for Translational Separation Logic Verifiers.” <i>Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages</i>, vol. 9, no. POPL, Association for Computing Machinery, 2025, pp. 569–99, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704856\">10.1145/3704856</a>.","apa":"Dardinier, T., Sammler, M. J., Parthasarathy, G., Summers, A. J., &#38; Müller, P. (2025). Formal foundations for translational separation logic verifiers. <i>Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages</i>. Association for Computing Machinery. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704856\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3704856</a>","ieee":"T. Dardinier, M. J. Sammler, G. Parthasarathy, A. J. Summers, and P. Müller, “Formal foundations for translational separation logic verifiers,” <i>Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages</i>, vol. 9, no. POPL. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 569–599, 2025.","ama":"Dardinier T, Sammler MJ, Parthasarathy G, Summers AJ, Müller P. Formal foundations for translational separation logic verifiers. <i>Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages</i>. 2025;9(POPL):569-599. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704856\">10.1145/3704856</a>","ista":"Dardinier T, Sammler MJ, Parthasarathy G, Summers AJ, Müller P. 2025. Formal foundations for translational separation logic verifiers. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. 9(POPL), 569–599.","chicago":"Dardinier, Thibault, Michael Joachim Sammler, Gaurav Parthasarathy, Alexander J. Summers, and Peter Müller. “Formal Foundations for Translational Separation Logic Verifiers.” <i>Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages</i>. Association for Computing Machinery, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704856\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3704856</a>.","short":"T. Dardinier, M.J. Sammler, G. Parthasarathy, A.J. Summers, P. Müller, Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 9 (2025) 569–599."},"publication":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","has_accepted_license":"1"},{"volume":995,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Among the most puzzling early discoveries of JWST are “little red dots” (LRDs), compact red sources that host broad Balmer emission lines, and in many cases exhibit a “V-shaped” change in slope in the rest-optical. The physical properties of LRDs currently have order-of-magnitude uncertainties, because models to explain the continuum of these sources differ immensely. Here, we leverage the complete selection of red sources in the RUBIES program, supplemented with public PRISM spectra, to study the origin of this V shape. By fitting a broken power law with a flexible inflection point, we find that a large fraction of red Hα emitters at 2 < z < 6 exhibit a strong change in slope, and that all strong inflections appear associated with the Balmer limit (0.3645 μm). Using a simple model of a reddened active galactic nucleus (AGN) with an unobscured scattered-light component, we demonstrate that the observed V shape in LRDs is unlikely to occur at any specific wavelength if the entire continuum is dominated by light from a power-law AGN continuum. In contrast, models with an intrinsic feature at the Balmer limit, such as those that are dominated by an evolved stellar population, can produce the observed spectral shapes, provided that a reddened component picks up sufficiently redward of the break. While no model can comfortably explain the full LRD spectral energy distribution, the common inflection location suggests that a single component consistently dominates the rest-frame UV optical in LRDs, and that this component is associated with T ∼ 10^4 K hydrogen."}],"month":"12","issue":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"acknowledgement":"This work is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. The specific observations analyzed can be accessed via DOI: 10.17909/0esg-h949. All of the data products presented herein were retrieved from the Dawn JWST Archive (DJA). DJA is an initiative of the Cosmic Dawn Center, which is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140. We express gratitude toward the members of the GTO, GO, and DDT teams, whose public data we utilized in this work.\r\n\r\nSupport for this work was provided by The Brinson Foundation through a Brinson Prize Fellowship grant. Support for program No. 4233 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127. This research was supported by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, through ISSI International Team project No. 562. D.S. acknowledges helpful conversations with Xiaohui Fan and Jared Siegel that contributed to the quality of this work, in addition to aesthetic sign-off from Stephanie Permut on the colors of figures. T.B.M. was supported by a CIERA fellowship. The work of CCW is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.","intvolume":"       995","article_type":"original","year":"2025","date_published":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2026-02-09T06:39:23Z","date_created":"2026-01-28T15:21:47Z","author":[{"full_name":"Setton, David J.","first_name":"David J.","last_name":"Setton"},{"full_name":"Greene, Jenny E.","first_name":"Jenny E.","last_name":"Greene"},{"full_name":"de Graaff, Anna","last_name":"de Graaff","first_name":"Anna"},{"full_name":"Ma, Yilun 逸伦","first_name":"Yilun 逸伦","last_name":"Ma"},{"last_name":"Leja","first_name":"Joel","full_name":"Leja, Joel"},{"first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720"},{"first_name":"Rachel","last_name":"Bezanson","full_name":"Bezanson, Rachel"},{"full_name":"Boogaard, Leindert A.","first_name":"Leindert A.","last_name":"Boogaard"},{"full_name":"Cleri, Nikko J.","last_name":"Cleri","first_name":"Nikko J."},{"last_name":"Katz","first_name":"Harley","full_name":"Katz, Harley"},{"full_name":"Labbe, Ivo","last_name":"Labbe","first_name":"Ivo"},{"full_name":"Maseda, Michael V.","first_name":"Michael V.","last_name":"Maseda"},{"last_name":"McConachie","first_name":"Ian","full_name":"McConachie, Ian"},{"last_name":"Miller","first_name":"Tim B.","full_name":"Miller, Tim B."},{"full_name":"Price, Sedona H.","first_name":"Sedona H.","last_name":"Price"},{"full_name":"Suess, Katherine A.","last_name":"Suess","first_name":"Katherine A."},{"last_name":"van Dokkum","first_name":"Pieter","full_name":"van Dokkum, Pieter"},{"first_name":"Bingjie 冰洁","last_name":"Wang 王","full_name":"Wang 王, Bingjie 冰洁"},{"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Weibel","full_name":"Weibel, Andrea"},{"full_name":"Whitaker, Katherine E.","first_name":"Katherine E.","last_name":"Whitaker"},{"full_name":"Williams, Christina C.","first_name":"Christina C.","last_name":"Williams"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2411.03424"]},"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_number":"118","publication_status":"published","DOAJ_listed":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","date_updated":"2026-02-09T06:41:48Z","OA_type":"gold","day":"09","citation":{"mla":"Setton, David J., et al. “Little Red Dots at an Inflection Point: Ubiquitous v-Shaped Turnover Consistently Occurs at the Balmer Limit.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 995, no. 1, 118, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae1500\">10.3847/1538-4357/ae1500</a>.","apa":"Setton, D. J., Greene, J. E., de Graaff, A., Ma, Y. 逸伦, Leja, J., Matthee, J. J., … Williams, C. C. (2025). Little Red Dots at an inflection point: Ubiquitous v-shaped turnover consistently occurs at the Balmer limit. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae1500\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae1500</a>","ieee":"D. J. Setton <i>et al.</i>, “Little Red Dots at an inflection point: Ubiquitous v-shaped turnover consistently occurs at the Balmer limit,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 995, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2025.","ama":"Setton DJ, Greene JE, de Graaff A, et al. Little Red Dots at an inflection point: Ubiquitous v-shaped turnover consistently occurs at the Balmer limit. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2025;995(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae1500\">10.3847/1538-4357/ae1500</a>","ista":"Setton DJ, Greene JE, de Graaff A, Ma Y逸伦, Leja J, Matthee JJ, Bezanson R, Boogaard LA, Cleri NJ, Katz H, Labbe I, Maseda MV, McConachie I, Miller TB, Price SH, Suess KA, van Dokkum P, Wang 王 B冰洁, Weibel A, Whitaker KE, Williams CC. 2025. Little Red Dots at an inflection point: Ubiquitous v-shaped turnover consistently occurs at the Balmer limit. The Astrophysical Journal. 995(1), 118.","chicago":"Setton, David J., Jenny E. Greene, Anna de Graaff, Yilun 逸伦 Ma, Joel Leja, Jorryt J Matthee, Rachel Bezanson, et al. “Little Red Dots at an Inflection Point: Ubiquitous v-Shaped Turnover Consistently Occurs at the Balmer Limit.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae1500\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae1500</a>.","short":"D.J. Setton, J.E. Greene, A. de Graaff, Y.逸伦 Ma, J. Leja, J.J. Matthee, R. Bezanson, L.A. Boogaard, N.J. Cleri, H. Katz, I. Labbe, M.V. Maseda, I. McConachie, T.B. Miller, S.H. Price, K.A. Suess, P. van Dokkum, B.冰洁 Wang 王, A. Weibel, K.E. Whitaker, C.C. Williams, The Astrophysical Journal 995 (2025)."},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","publisher":"IOP Publishing","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1989640,"creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-02-09T06:39:23Z","date_updated":"2026-02-09T06:39:23Z","file_name":"2025_AstrophysicalJournal_Setton.pdf","file_id":"21163","checksum":"2a424eb43748a6370ff058c98adb15c6","success":1}],"OA_place":"publisher","title":"Little Red Dots at an inflection point: Ubiquitous v-shaped turnover consistently occurs at the Balmer limit","_id":"21057","ddc":["520"],"type":"journal_article","arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes","quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ae1500","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1538-4357"],"issn":["0004-637X"]},"status":"public","scopus_import":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version"},{"citation":{"ama":"Setton DJ, Greene JE, Spilker JS, et al. A confirmed deficit of hot and cold dust emission in the most luminous Little Red Dots. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. 2025;991. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade78b\">10.3847/2041-8213/ade78b</a>","ieee":"D. J. Setton <i>et al.</i>, “A confirmed deficit of hot and cold dust emission in the most luminous Little Red Dots,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 991. IOP Publishing, 2025.","apa":"Setton, D. J., Greene, J. E., Spilker, J. S., Williams, C. C., Labbé, I., Ma, Y. 逸伦, … Zitrin, A. (2025). A confirmed deficit of hot and cold dust emission in the most luminous Little Red Dots. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade78b\">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade78b</a>","mla":"Setton, David J., et al. “A Confirmed Deficit of Hot and Cold Dust Emission in the Most Luminous Little Red Dots.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 991, L10, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade78b\">10.3847/2041-8213/ade78b</a>.","short":"D.J. Setton, J.E. Greene, J.S. Spilker, C.C. Williams, I. Labbé, Y.逸伦 Ma, B.冰洁 Wang, K.E. Whitaker, J. Leja, A. de Graaff, S. Alberts, R. Bezanson, L.A. Boogaard, G. Brammer, S.E. Cutler, N.J. Cleri, O.R. Cooper, P. Dayal, S. Fujimoto, L.J. Furtak, A.D. Goulding, M. Hirschmann, V. Kokorev, M.V. Maseda, I. McConachie, J.J. Matthee, T.B. Miller, R.P. Naidu, P.A. Oesch, R. Pan, S.H. Price, K.A. Suess, J.R. Weaver, M. Xiao, Y. Zhang, A. Zitrin, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 991 (2025).","chicago":"Setton, David J., Jenny E. Greene, Justin S. Spilker, Christina C. Williams, Ivo Labbé, Yilun 逸伦 Ma, Bingjie 冰洁 Wang, et al. “A Confirmed Deficit of Hot and Cold Dust Emission in the Most Luminous Little Red Dots.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. IOP Publishing, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade78b\">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade78b</a>.","ista":"Setton DJ, Greene JE, Spilker JS, Williams CC, Labbé I, Ma Y逸伦, Wang B冰洁, Whitaker KE, Leja J, de Graaff A, Alberts S, Bezanson R, Boogaard LA, Brammer G, Cutler SE, Cleri NJ, Cooper OR, Dayal P, Fujimoto S, Furtak LJ, Goulding AD, Hirschmann M, Kokorev V, Maseda MV, McConachie I, Matthee JJ, Miller TB, Naidu RP, Oesch PA, Pan R, Price SH, Suess KA, Weaver JR, Xiao M, Zhang Y, Zitrin A. 2025. A confirmed deficit of hot and cold dust emission in the most luminous Little Red Dots. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 991, L10."},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"publisher":"IOP Publishing","file":[{"success":1,"checksum":"799518db92ded4e166df4234195af998","file_id":"21165","file_name":"2025_AstrophysicalJournalLetters_Setton.pdf","date_updated":"2026-02-09T07:10:29Z","date_created":"2026-02-09T07:10:29Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1394204}],"OA_place":"publisher","_id":"21058","title":"A confirmed deficit of hot and cold dust emission in the most luminous Little Red Dots","date_updated":"2026-02-09T07:14:08Z","OA_type":"gold","day":"12","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2041-8205"],"eissn":["2041-8213"]},"doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/ade78b","status":"public","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","ddc":["520"],"type":"journal_article","arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"acknowledgement":"Support for this work was provided by The Brinson Foundation through a Brinson Prize Fellowship grant. D.S. acknowledges Zhengrong Li for kindly sharing model dust SEDs, Tim Rawle for helping with accessing archival Herschel Lensing Survey data, and Xiaohui Fan for helpful conversations that steered the direction of this work. This Letter makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2024.00826.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. This work is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute (DOI: 10.17909/m7ks-wg55), which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #6761.\r\n\r\nSupport for this work was provided by NSF/AAG #2306950. Support for this work for R.P.N. was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. The Cosmic Dawn Center is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant DNRF140. A.Z. acknowledges support by grant No. 2020750 from the United States–Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) and grant No. 2109066 from the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) and by the Israel Science Foundation grant No. 864/23. The work of C.C.W. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. S.A. acknowledges support from the JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) Science Team Lead, grant 80NSSC18K0555, from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to the University of Arizona.","intvolume":"       991","year":"2025","article_type":"original","file_date_updated":"2026-02-09T07:10:29Z","date_published":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2026-01-28T15:23:00Z","volume":991,"abstract":[{"text":"Luminous broad Hα emission and red rest-optical spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are the hallmark of compact little red dots (LRDs), implying highly attenuated dusty starbursts and/or obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN). However, the lack of observed far-infrared (FIR) emission has proved difficult to reconcile with the implied attenuated luminosity in these models. Here, we utilize deep new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array imaging, new and existing JWST/MIRI imaging, and archival Spitzer/Herschel imaging of two of the rest-optically brightest LRDs (z = 3.1 and z = 4.47) to place the strongest constraints on the IR luminosity in LRDs to date. The detections at λrest = 1–4 μm imply flat slopes in the rest-IR, ruling out a contribution from hot (T ≳ 500 K) dust. Similarly, FIR nondetections rule out any appreciable cold (T ≲ 75 K) dust component. Assuming energy balance, these observations are inconsistent with the typical FIR dust emission of dusty starbursts and quasar tori, which usually show a mixture of cold and hot dust. Additionally, our [C ii] nondetections rule out typical dusty starbursts. We compute empirical maximum IR SEDs and find that both LRDs must have log(LIR/L ) 12.2 at the 3σ level. These limits are in tension with the predictions of rest-optical spectrophotometric fits, be they galaxy-only, AGN-only, or composite. It is unlikely that LRDs are highly dust-reddened intrinsically blue sources with a dust temperature distribution that conspires to avoid current observing facilities. Rather, we favor an intrinsically redder LRD SED model that alleviates the need for strong dust attenuation.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"09","DOAJ_listed":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Setton, David J.","last_name":"Setton","first_name":"David J."},{"first_name":"Jenny E.","last_name":"Greene","full_name":"Greene, Jenny E."},{"last_name":"Spilker","first_name":"Justin S.","full_name":"Spilker, Justin S."},{"full_name":"Williams, Christina C.","first_name":"Christina C.","last_name":"Williams"},{"full_name":"Labbé, Ivo","last_name":"Labbé","first_name":"Ivo"},{"last_name":"Ma","first_name":"Yilun 逸伦","full_name":"Ma, Yilun 逸伦"},{"last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Bingjie 冰洁","full_name":"Wang, Bingjie 冰洁"},{"first_name":"Katherine E.","last_name":"Whitaker","full_name":"Whitaker, Katherine E."},{"last_name":"Leja","first_name":"Joel","full_name":"Leja, Joel"},{"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"de Graaff","full_name":"de Graaff, Anna"},{"full_name":"Alberts, Stacey","first_name":"Stacey","last_name":"Alberts"},{"full_name":"Bezanson, Rachel","last_name":"Bezanson","first_name":"Rachel"},{"full_name":"Boogaard, Leindert A.","first_name":"Leindert A.","last_name":"Boogaard"},{"last_name":"Brammer","first_name":"Gabriel","full_name":"Brammer, Gabriel"},{"full_name":"Cutler, Sam E.","first_name":"Sam E.","last_name":"Cutler"},{"last_name":"Cleri","first_name":"Nikko J.","full_name":"Cleri, Nikko J."},{"last_name":"Cooper","first_name":"Olivia R.","full_name":"Cooper, Olivia R."},{"full_name":"Dayal, Pratika","last_name":"Dayal","first_name":"Pratika"},{"full_name":"Fujimoto, Seiji","first_name":"Seiji","last_name":"Fujimoto"},{"last_name":"Furtak","first_name":"Lukas J.","full_name":"Furtak, Lukas J."},{"full_name":"Goulding, Andy D.","last_name":"Goulding","first_name":"Andy D."},{"first_name":"Michaela","last_name":"Hirschmann","full_name":"Hirschmann, Michaela"},{"full_name":"Kokorev, Vasily","first_name":"Vasily","last_name":"Kokorev"},{"full_name":"Maseda, Michael V.","last_name":"Maseda","first_name":"Michael V."},{"full_name":"McConachie, Ian","first_name":"Ian","last_name":"McConachie"},{"first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720"},{"last_name":"Miller","first_name":"Tim B.","full_name":"Miller, Tim B."},{"full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P.","first_name":"Rohan P.","last_name":"Naidu"},{"first_name":"Pascal A.","last_name":"Oesch","full_name":"Oesch, Pascal A."},{"full_name":"Pan, Richard","last_name":"Pan","first_name":"Richard"},{"first_name":"Sedona H.","last_name":"Price","full_name":"Price, Sedona H."},{"full_name":"Suess, Katherine A.","last_name":"Suess","first_name":"Katherine A."},{"last_name":"Weaver","first_name":"John R.","full_name":"Weaver, John R."},{"full_name":"Xiao, Mengyuan","first_name":"Mengyuan","last_name":"Xiao"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Yunchong","first_name":"Yunchong","last_name":"Zhang"},{"last_name":"Zitrin","first_name":"Adi","full_name":"Zitrin, Adi"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2503.02059"]},"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_number":"L10","publication_status":"published"},{"project":[{"_id":"bd9b2118-d553-11ed-ba76-db24564edfea","grant_number":"101076224","name":"Young galaxies as tracers and agents of cosmic reionization"}],"PlanS_conform":"1","DOAJ_listed":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Mascia","first_name":"Sara","id":"edaf889c-c7cd-11ef-ab1b-bb28c431bd29","full_name":"Mascia, Sara"},{"last_name":"Pentericci","first_name":"L.","full_name":"Pentericci, L."},{"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Llerena","full_name":"Llerena, M."},{"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Calabrò","full_name":"Calabrò, A."},{"full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee"},{"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Flury","full_name":"Flury, S."},{"last_name":"Pacucci","first_name":"F.","full_name":"Pacucci, F."},{"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Jaskot","full_name":"Jaskot, A."},{"full_name":"Amorín, R. O.","first_name":"R. O.","last_name":"Amorín"},{"last_name":"Bhatawdekar","first_name":"R.","full_name":"Bhatawdekar, R."},{"full_name":"Castellano, M.","last_name":"Castellano","first_name":"M."},{"first_name":"N.","last_name":"Cleri","full_name":"Cleri, N."},{"last_name":"Costantin","first_name":"L.","full_name":"Costantin, L."},{"full_name":"Davis, K.","first_name":"K.","last_name":"Davis"},{"last_name":"Di Cesare","first_name":"Claudia","id":"2d002343-372f-11ef-98ec-a164d20427cb","full_name":"Di Cesare, Claudia"},{"last_name":"Dickinson","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Dickinson, M."},{"full_name":"Fontana, A.","first_name":"A.","last_name":"Fontana"},{"full_name":"Guo, Y.","last_name":"Guo","first_name":"Y."},{"last_name":"Giavalisco","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Giavalisco, M."},{"first_name":"B. W.","last_name":"Holwerda","full_name":"Holwerda, B. W."},{"full_name":"Hu, W.","last_name":"Hu","first_name":"W."},{"last_name":"Huertas-Company","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Huertas-Company, M."},{"last_name":"Jung","first_name":"Intae","full_name":"Jung, Intae"},{"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Kartaltepe","full_name":"Kartaltepe, J."},{"first_name":"D.","last_name":"Kashino","full_name":"Kashino, D."},{"full_name":"Koekemoer, A. M.","last_name":"Koekemoer","first_name":"A. M."},{"full_name":"Lucas, R. A.","last_name":"Lucas","first_name":"R. A."},{"full_name":"Lotz, J.","first_name":"J.","last_name":"Lotz"},{"last_name":"Napolitano","first_name":"L.","full_name":"Napolitano, L."},{"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Jogee","full_name":"Jogee, S."},{"last_name":"Wilkins","first_name":"S.","full_name":"Wilkins, S."}],"publication_status":"published","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_number":"A122","external_id":{"arxiv":["2501.08268"]},"corr_author":"1","intvolume":"       701","acknowledgement":"This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with programs GTO 1243, ERS 1345, DDT 2750, and GTO 1180, 1181, 3215, 1210, 1286. Funded by the European Union (ERC, AGENTS, 101076224). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. We acknowledge support from the INAF Large Grant 2022 “Extragalactic Surveys with JWST” (PI Pentericci). We acknowledge support from INAF Mini-grant “Reionization and Fundamental Cosmology with High-Redshift Galaxies” and from PRIN 2022 MUR project 2022CB3PJ3 - First Light And Galaxy aSsembly (FLAGS) funded by the European Union – Next Generation EU. RA acknowledges support of Grant PID2023-147386NB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/EU, and the Severo Ochoa grant CEX2021-001131-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103. The project that gave rise to these results received the support of a fellowship from the “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434). The fellowship code is LCF/BQ/PR24/12050015. LC acknowledges support from grants PID2022-139567NB-I00 and PIB2021-127718NB-I00 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/State Agency of Research MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”.","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"date_created":"2026-01-28T15:24:24Z","date_published":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2026-02-09T07:28:08Z","year":"2025","article_type":"original","volume":701,"month":"09","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Compact, star-forming galaxies with high star formation rate surface densities (ΣSFR) are often efficient Lyman continuum (LyC) emitters at z ≤ 4.5, likely because intense stellar feedback creates low-density channels that allow photons to escape. Irregular or disturbed morphologies, such as those resulting from mergers, can also facilitate LyC escape by creating anisotropic gas distributions. We investigated the influence of galaxy morphology on LyC production and escape at redshifts 5 ≤ z ≤ 7 using observations from various James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) surveys. Our sample consists of 436 sources, which are predominantly low-mass (∼10^8.15 M\f), star-forming galaxies with ionizing photon efficiency (ξion) values consistent with canonical expectations. Since direct measurements of fesc are not possible during the Epoch of  Reionization (EoR), we predicted fesc for high-redshift galaxies by applying survival analysis to a subsample of LyC emitters from the Low-Redshift Lyman Continuum Survey (LzLCS), selected to be direct analogs of reionization-era galaxies. We find that these galaxies exhibit, on average, modest predicted escape fractions (∼0.04). In addition, we evaluated the correlation between morphological features and LyC emission. Our findings indicate that neither ξion nor the predicted fesc values show a significant correlation with the presence of merger signatures. This suggests that in low-mass galaxies at z ≥ 5, strong morphological disturbances are not the primary mechanism driving LyC emission and leakage. Instead, compactness and star formation activity likely play a more pivotal role in regulating LyC escape. "}],"status":"public","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202553760","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1432-0746"],"issn":["0004-6361"]},"quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","ddc":["520"],"arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","type":"journal_article","file":[{"file_size":9994234,"content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-02-09T07:28:08Z","date_updated":"2026-02-09T07:28:08Z","file_name":"2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_Mascia.pdf","file_id":"21166","checksum":"990e384ca19e14b35296712d3b9e2919","success":1}],"publisher":"EDP Sciences","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","citation":{"ista":"Mascia S, Pentericci L, Llerena M, Calabrò A, Matthee JJ, Flury S, Pacucci F, Jaskot A, Amorín RO, Bhatawdekar R, Castellano M, Cleri N, Costantin L, Davis K, Di Cesare C, Dickinson M, Fontana A, Guo Y, Giavalisco M, Holwerda BW, Hu W, Huertas-Company M, Jung I, Kartaltepe J, Kashino D, Koekemoer AM, Lucas RA, Lotz J, Napolitano L, Jogee S, Wilkins S. 2025. Little impact of mergers and galaxy morphology on the production and escape of ionizing photons in the early Universe. Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics. 701, A122.","chicago":"Mascia, Sara, L. Pentericci, M. Llerena, A. Calabrò, Jorryt J Matthee, S. Flury, F. Pacucci, et al. “Little Impact of Mergers and Galaxy Morphology on the Production and Escape of Ionizing Photons in the Early Universe.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202553760\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202553760</a>.","short":"S. Mascia, L. Pentericci, M. Llerena, A. Calabrò, J.J. Matthee, S. Flury, F. Pacucci, A. Jaskot, R.O. Amorín, R. Bhatawdekar, M. Castellano, N. Cleri, L. Costantin, K. Davis, C. Di Cesare, M. Dickinson, A. Fontana, Y. Guo, M. Giavalisco, B.W. Holwerda, W. Hu, M. Huertas-Company, I. Jung, J. Kartaltepe, D. Kashino, A.M. Koekemoer, R.A. Lucas, J. Lotz, L. Napolitano, S. Jogee, S. Wilkins, Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics 701 (2025).","apa":"Mascia, S., Pentericci, L., Llerena, M., Calabrò, A., Matthee, J. J., Flury, S., … Wilkins, S. (2025). Little impact of mergers and galaxy morphology on the production and escape of ionizing photons in the early Universe. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202553760\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202553760</a>","mla":"Mascia, Sara, et al. “Little Impact of Mergers and Galaxy Morphology on the Production and Escape of Ionizing Photons in the Early Universe.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 701, A122, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202553760\">10.1051/0004-6361/202553760</a>.","ieee":"S. Mascia <i>et al.</i>, “Little impact of mergers and galaxy morphology on the production and escape of ionizing photons in the early Universe,” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 701. EDP Sciences, 2025.","ama":"Mascia S, Pentericci L, Llerena M, et al. Little impact of mergers and galaxy morphology on the production and escape of ionizing photons in the early Universe. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. 2025;701. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202553760\">10.1051/0004-6361/202553760</a>"},"title":"Little impact of mergers and galaxy morphology on the production and escape of ionizing photons in the early Universe","_id":"21060","OA_place":"publisher","OA_type":"diamond","date_updated":"2026-02-09T07:33:46Z","day":"01"},{"DOAJ_listed":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Seiji","last_name":"Fujimoto","full_name":"Fujimoto, Seiji"},{"full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P.","last_name":"Naidu","first_name":"Rohan P."},{"first_name":"John","last_name":"Chisholm","full_name":"Chisholm, John"},{"full_name":"Atek, Hakim","first_name":"Hakim","last_name":"Atek"},{"full_name":"Endsley, Ryan","first_name":"Ryan","last_name":"Endsley"},{"first_name":"Vasily","last_name":"Kokorev","full_name":"Kokorev, Vasily"},{"first_name":"Lukas J.","last_name":"Furtak","full_name":"Furtak, Lukas J."},{"last_name":"Pan","first_name":"Richard","full_name":"Pan, Richard"},{"first_name":"Boyuan","last_name":"Liu","full_name":"Liu, Boyuan"},{"full_name":"Bromm, Volker","first_name":"Volker","last_name":"Bromm"},{"first_name":"Alessandra","last_name":"Venditti","full_name":"Venditti, Alessandra"},{"first_name":"Eli","last_name":"Visbal","full_name":"Visbal, Eli"},{"full_name":"Sarmento, Richard","first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Sarmento"},{"full_name":"Weibel, Andrea","first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Weibel"},{"first_name":"Pascal A.","last_name":"Oesch","full_name":"Oesch, Pascal A."},{"last_name":"Brammer","first_name":"Gabriel","full_name":"Brammer, Gabriel"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Schaerer","full_name":"Schaerer, Daniel"},{"full_name":"Adamo, Angela","first_name":"Angela","last_name":"Adamo"},{"last_name":"Berg","first_name":"Danielle A.","full_name":"Berg, Danielle A."},{"full_name":"Bezanson, Rachel","last_name":"Bezanson","first_name":"Rachel"},{"full_name":"Bouwens, Rychard","last_name":"Bouwens","first_name":"Rychard"},{"last_name":"Chemerynska","first_name":"Iryna","full_name":"Chemerynska, Iryna"},{"full_name":"Claeyssens, Adélaïde","last_name":"Claeyssens","first_name":"Adélaïde"},{"full_name":"Dessauges-Zavadsky, Miroslava","first_name":"Miroslava","last_name":"Dessauges-Zavadsky"},{"full_name":"Frebel, Anna","last_name":"Frebel","first_name":"Anna"},{"full_name":"Korber, Damien","last_name":"Korber","first_name":"Damien"},{"first_name":"Ivo","last_name":"Labbe","full_name":"Labbe, Ivo"},{"last_name":"Marques-Chaves","first_name":"Rui","full_name":"Marques-Chaves, Rui"},{"id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee","first_name":"Jorryt J"},{"full_name":"McQuinn, Kristen B. W.","first_name":"Kristen B. W.","last_name":"McQuinn"},{"full_name":"Muñoz, Julian B.","last_name":"Muñoz","first_name":"Julian B."},{"last_name":"Natarajan","first_name":"Priyamvada","full_name":"Natarajan, Priyamvada"},{"last_name":"Saldana-Lopez","first_name":"Alberto","full_name":"Saldana-Lopez, Alberto"},{"full_name":"Suess, Katherine A.","last_name":"Suess","first_name":"Katherine A."},{"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Volonteri","full_name":"Volonteri, Marta"},{"first_name":"Adi","last_name":"Zitrin","full_name":"Zitrin, Adi"}],"article_number":"46","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"We are grateful to the CEERS, PRIMER, JOF, UNCOVER, and GLIMPSE teams for developing their NIRCam surveys, and to the various JWST and HST surveys acknowledged in Section 3 that enabled our search. We thank Kimihiko Nakajima and Kohei Inayoshi for sharing Pop III and/or AGN templates, Steven Finkelstein for comments on the completeness and contamination rate simulation, Aaron Yung for SEDs of simulated galaxies, Joel Leja, Ben Johnson, and Sandro Tacchella for advise on SED fitting, and Takashi Kojima and Hiroto Yanagisawa for discussions.\r\n\r\nWe made extensive use of the DAWN JWST Archive for various comparisons presented in this paper. Some of the data products presented herein were retrieved from the Dawn JWST Archive (DJA). DJA is an initiative of the Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), which is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant DNRF140. The prism spectra used in this paper were observed as part of the following programs, and we are grateful to these teams for helping build the rich spectroscopic legacy of JWST: 1180, 1181, 1210, 1286, 3215 (A. J. Bunker et al. 2024; F. D’Eugenio et al. 2024); 1211–1215 (M. V. Maseda et al. 2024); 1345 (S. L. Finkelstein et al. 2024); 1433 (T. Y.-Y. Hsiao et al. 2024); 1747 (G. Roberts-Borsani et al. 2025); 2028 (X. Wang et al. 2024); 2073 (PI: J. Hennawi); 2198 (L. Barrufet et al. 2025); 2282 (L. D. Bradley et al. 2023); 2561 (R. Bezanson et al. 2024; S. H. Price et al. 2024); 2565 (T. Nanayakkara et al. 2023); 2750 (P. Arrabal Haro et al. 2023b); 2756 (PI: W. Chen); 2767 (C. C. Williams et al. 2023); 3073 (M. Castellano et al. 2024); 4106 (PI: E. Nelson); 4233 (A. de Graaff et al. 2025); 4446 (B. L. Frye et al. 2024); 4557 (PI: H. Yan); 6541 (PI: E. Egami); 6585 (PI: D. Coulter).\r\n\r\nThis work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. The specific observations can be accessed via doi: 10.17909/xpxt-a441. These observations include data associated with program No. 03293. Support for program No. 03293 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127.\r\n\r\nThis project has received funding from NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51505.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract No. MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant DNRF140. H.A. and I.C. acknowledge support from CNES, focused on the JWST mission, and the Programme National Cosmology and Galaxies (PNCG) of CNRS/INSU with INP and IN2P3, co-funded by CEA and CNES. I.C. acknowledges funding support from the Initiative Physique des Infinis (IPI), a research training program of the Idex SUPER at Sorbonne Université. A.Z. acknowledges support by grant No. 2020750 from the United States–Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) and grant No. 2109066 from the United States National Science Foundation (NSF); and by the Israel Science Foundation grant No. 864/23. P.N. acknowledges support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the John Templeton Foundation that fund the black hole Initiative (BHI) at Harvard University, where she serves as one of the PIs. B.L. acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy EXC 2181/1—390900948 (the Heidelberg STRUCTURES Excellence Cluster). Y.S. and G.M. have received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 833925, project STAREX).","oa":1,"intvolume":"       989","article_type":"original","year":"2025","date_published":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2026-02-09T07:57:01Z","date_created":"2026-01-28T15:25:17Z","volume":989,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Detecting the first generation of stars, Population III (Pop III), has been a long-standing goal in astrophysics, yet they remain elusive even in the JWST era. Here we present a novel NIRCam-based selection method for Pop III galaxies, and carefully validate it through completeness and contamination simulations. We systematically search ≃ 500 arcmin2 across JWST legacy fields for Pop III candidates, including GLIMPSE, which, assisted by gravitational lensing, has produced JWST’s deepest NIRCam imaging thus far. We discover one promising Pop III galaxy candidate (GLIMPSE-16043) at z=6.50 -0.24 +0.03, a moderately lensed galaxy (µ = + 2.9 -0.2 +0.1) with an intrinsic UV magnitude of MUV= -15.89 -0.14 +0.12. It exhibits key Pop III features: strong Hα emission (rest-frame EW 2810 ± 550 Å); a Balmer jump; no dust (UV slope β = −2.34 ± 0.36); and undetectable metal lines (e.g., [O III]; [O III]/Hβ < 0.44), implying a gas-phase metallicity of Zgas/Z⊙ < 0.5%. These properties indicate the presence of a nascent, metal-deficient young stellar population (<5 Myr) with a stellar mass of ≃105 M⊙. Intriguingly, this source deviates significantly from the extrapolated UV–metallicity relation derived from recent JWST observations at z = 4–10, consistent with UV enhancement by a top-heavy Pop III initial mass function or the presence of an extremely metal-poor active galactic nucleus. We also  derive the first observational constraints on the Pop III UV luminosity function at z ≃ 6–7. The volume density of GLIMPSE-16043 (≈10^−4 cMpc−3) is in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions, independently reinforcing its plausibility. This study demonstrates the power of our novel NIRCam method to finally reveal distant galaxies even more pristine than the Milky Way’s most metal-poor satellites, thereby promising to bring us closer to the first generation of stars than we have ever been before."}],"month":"08","quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ade9a1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1538-4357"],"issn":["0004-637X"]},"status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","scopus_import":"1","ddc":["520"],"type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"Yes","citation":{"ama":"Fujimoto S, Naidu RP, Chisholm J, et al. GLIMPSE: An ultrafaint ≃10^5 M⊙ Pop III galaxy candidate and first constraints on the Pop III UV luminosity function at z ≃  6–7. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2025;989. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade9a1\">10.3847/1538-4357/ade9a1</a>","ieee":"S. Fujimoto <i>et al.</i>, “GLIMPSE: An ultrafaint ≃10^5 M⊙ Pop III galaxy candidate and first constraints on the Pop III UV luminosity function at z ≃  6–7,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 989. IOP Publishing, 2025.","mla":"Fujimoto, Seiji, et al. “GLIMPSE: An Ultrafaint ≃10^5 M⊙ Pop III Galaxy Candidate and First Constraints on the Pop III UV Luminosity Function at z ≃  6–7.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 989, 46, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade9a1\">10.3847/1538-4357/ade9a1</a>.","apa":"Fujimoto, S., Naidu, R. P., Chisholm, J., Atek, H., Endsley, R., Kokorev, V., … Zitrin, A. (2025). GLIMPSE: An ultrafaint ≃10^5 M⊙ Pop III galaxy candidate and first constraints on the Pop III UV luminosity function at z ≃  6–7. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade9a1\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade9a1</a>","short":"S. Fujimoto, R.P. Naidu, J. Chisholm, H. Atek, R. Endsley, V. Kokorev, L.J. Furtak, R. Pan, B. Liu, V. Bromm, A. Venditti, E. Visbal, R. Sarmento, A. Weibel, P.A. Oesch, G. Brammer, D. Schaerer, A. Adamo, D.A. Berg, R. Bezanson, R. Bouwens, I. Chemerynska, A. Claeyssens, M. Dessauges-Zavadsky, A. Frebel, D. Korber, I. Labbe, R. Marques-Chaves, J.J. Matthee, K.B.W. McQuinn, J.B. Muñoz, P. Natarajan, A. Saldana-Lopez, K.A. Suess, M. Volonteri, A. Zitrin, The Astrophysical Journal 989 (2025).","chicago":"Fujimoto, Seiji, Rohan P. Naidu, John Chisholm, Hakim Atek, Ryan Endsley, Vasily Kokorev, Lukas J. Furtak, et al. “GLIMPSE: An Ultrafaint ≃10^5 M⊙ Pop III Galaxy Candidate and First Constraints on the Pop III UV Luminosity Function at z ≃  6–7.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade9a1\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade9a1</a>.","ista":"Fujimoto S, Naidu RP, Chisholm J, Atek H, Endsley R, Kokorev V, Furtak LJ, Pan R, Liu B, Bromm V, Venditti A, Visbal E, Sarmento R, Weibel A, Oesch PA, Brammer G, Schaerer D, Adamo A, Berg DA, Bezanson R, Bouwens R, Chemerynska I, Claeyssens A, Dessauges-Zavadsky M, Frebel A, Korber D, Labbe I, Marques-Chaves R, Matthee JJ, McQuinn KBW, Muñoz JB, Natarajan P, Saldana-Lopez A, Suess KA, Volonteri M, Zitrin A. 2025. GLIMPSE: An ultrafaint ≃10^5 M⊙ Pop III galaxy candidate and first constraints on the Pop III UV luminosity function at z ≃  6–7. The Astrophysical Journal. 989, 46."},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"publisher":"IOP Publishing","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2026-02-09T07:57:01Z","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":14405059,"creator":"dernst","file_id":"21167","checksum":"9e08e77ce6d818fafd074e2b6c30bc43","success":1,"date_updated":"2026-02-09T07:57:01Z","file_name":"2025_AstrophysicalJournal_Fujimoto.pdf"}],"OA_place":"publisher","_id":"21061","title":"GLIMPSE: An ultrafaint ≃10^5 M⊙ Pop III galaxy candidate and first constraints on the Pop III UV luminosity function at z ≃  6–7","date_updated":"2026-02-09T08:11:01Z","OA_type":"gold","day":"04"},{"publication_status":"published","article_number":"246","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2412.02846"]},"corr_author":"1","author":[{"id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","last_name":"Matthee","first_name":"Jorryt J"},{"first_name":"Rohan P.","last_name":"Naidu","full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P."},{"id":"1438afc8-1ff6-11ee-9fa6-cd4a75d66875","full_name":"Kotiwale, Gauri","last_name":"Kotiwale","first_name":"Gauri"},{"full_name":"Furtak, Lukas J.","last_name":"Furtak","first_name":"Lukas J."},{"last_name":"Kramarenko","first_name":"Ivan","id":"9a9394cb-3200-11ee-973b-f5ba2a8b16e4","full_name":"Kramarenko, Ivan","orcid":"0000-0001-5346-6048"},{"last_name":"Mackenzie","first_name":"Ruari","full_name":"Mackenzie, Ruari"},{"last_name":"Greene","first_name":"Jenny","full_name":"Greene, Jenny"},{"full_name":"Adamo, Angela","last_name":"Adamo","first_name":"Angela"},{"full_name":"Bouwens, Rychard J.","first_name":"Rychard J.","last_name":"Bouwens"},{"full_name":"Di Cesare, Claudia","id":"2d002343-372f-11ef-98ec-a164d20427cb","first_name":"Claudia","last_name":"Di Cesare"},{"first_name":"Anna-Christina","last_name":"Eilers","full_name":"Eilers, Anna-Christina"},{"full_name":"de Graaff, Anna","last_name":"de Graaff","first_name":"Anna"},{"first_name":"Kasper E.","last_name":"Heintz","full_name":"Heintz, Kasper E."},{"last_name":"Kashino","first_name":"Daichi","full_name":"Kashino, Daichi"},{"full_name":"Maseda, Michael V.","first_name":"Michael V.","last_name":"Maseda"},{"last_name":"Tacchella","first_name":"Sandro","full_name":"Tacchella, Sandro"},{"first_name":"Alberto","last_name":"Torralba Torregrosa","full_name":"Torralba Torregrosa, Alberto","orcid":"0000-0001-5586-6950","id":"018f0249-0e87-11f0-b167-cbce08fbd541"}],"project":[{"_id":"bd9b2118-d553-11ed-ba76-db24564edfea","name":"Young galaxies as tracers and agents of cosmic reionization","grant_number":"101076224"}],"DOAJ_listed":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","month":"07","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"JWST observations have unveiled faint active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at high redshift that provide insights into the formation of supermassive black holes (SMBHs). However, disentangling their stellar from AGN light is challenging. Here, we use an empirical approach to infer the average stellar mass of five faint broad-line (BL) Hα emitters at z = 4–5 with BH masses ≈6 × 10^6 M⊙, with a method independent of their spectral energy distribution (SED). We use the deep JWST/NIRcam grism survey “All the Little Things” to measure the overdensities around BL-Hα emitters and around a spectroscopic reference sample of ∼300 galaxies. In our reference sample, we find that megaparsec-scale overdensity correlates with stellar mass. Their large-scale environments suggest that BL-Hα emitters are hosted by galaxies with stellar masses ≈5 × 10^7 M⊙, ≈40 times lower than those inferred from galaxy-only SED fits. Adding measurements around more luminous z ≈ 6 AGNs, we find tentative correlations between line width, BH mass, and the overdensity, suggestive of a steep BH to halo mass relation. The main implications are (1) when BH masses are taken at face value, we confirm extremely high BH to stellar mass ratios of ≈10%, (2) the galaxies of low stellar mass that host growing SMBHs are in tension with typical hydrodynamical simulations, except those without feedback, (3) a 1% duty cycle implied by the host mass hints at super-Eddington accretion, (4) the masses are at odds with an interpretation of the line broadening in terms of high stellar density, (5) our results imply a luminosity-dependent diversity of galaxy masses, environments, and SEDs among AGN samples."}],"volume":988,"date_created":"2026-01-28T15:25:42Z","date_published":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","file_date_updated":"2026-02-09T08:20:14Z","article_type":"original","year":"2025","intvolume":"       988","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"acknowledgement":"We thank the referee for their constructive comments that helped to improve the paper. We thank Junyao Li for sharing model output shown in Figure 13, Rob Crain for sharing results from the ONLYAGN EAGLE model shown in Figure 15, and Adi Zitrin for comments. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with programs # 3516. Funded by the European Union (ERC, AGENTS, 101076224). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. We acknowledge funding from JWST program GO-3516. Support for this work was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. A.A. acknowledges support by the Swedish research council Vetenskapsrådet (2021-05559).","issue":"2","arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes","type":"journal_article","ddc":["520"],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","status":"public","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ade886","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-637X"],"eissn":["1538-4357"]},"quality_controlled":"1","day":"29","OA_type":"gold","date_updated":"2026-02-09T08:22:01Z","title":"Environmental evidence for overly massive Black Holes in low-mass galaxies and a Black Hole–Halo mass relation at z ∼ 5","_id":"21062","OA_place":"publisher","file":[{"file_name":"2025_AstrophysicalJournal_Matthee.pdf","date_updated":"2026-02-09T08:20:14Z","success":1,"checksum":"a49fbed72f2ff9c0b13129acb6f44f9d","file_id":"21168","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":6237415,"relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-02-09T08:20:14Z","access_level":"open_access"}],"publisher":"IOP Publishing","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","citation":{"ama":"Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Kotiwale G, et al. Environmental evidence for overly massive Black Holes in low-mass galaxies and a Black Hole–Halo mass relation at z ∼ 5. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2025;988(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade886\">10.3847/1538-4357/ade886</a>","ieee":"J. J. Matthee <i>et al.</i>, “Environmental evidence for overly massive Black Holes in low-mass galaxies and a Black Hole–Halo mass relation at z ∼ 5,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 988, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2025.","mla":"Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “Environmental Evidence for Overly Massive Black Holes in Low-Mass Galaxies and a Black Hole–Halo Mass Relation at z ∼ 5.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 988, no. 2, 246, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade886\">10.3847/1538-4357/ade886</a>.","apa":"Matthee, J. J., Naidu, R. P., Kotiwale, G., Furtak, L. J., Kramarenko, I., Mackenzie, R., … Torralba Torregrosa, A. (2025). Environmental evidence for overly massive Black Holes in low-mass galaxies and a Black Hole–Halo mass relation at z ∼ 5. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade886\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade886</a>","short":"J.J. Matthee, R.P. Naidu, G. Kotiwale, L.J. Furtak, I. Kramarenko, R. Mackenzie, J. Greene, A. Adamo, R.J. Bouwens, C. Di Cesare, A.-C. Eilers, A. de Graaff, K.E. Heintz, D. Kashino, M.V. Maseda, S. Tacchella, A. Torralba Torregrosa, The Astrophysical Journal 988 (2025).","chicago":"Matthee, Jorryt J, Rohan P. Naidu, Gauri Kotiwale, Lukas J. Furtak, Ivan Kramarenko, Ruari Mackenzie, Jenny Greene, et al. “Environmental Evidence for Overly Massive Black Holes in Low-Mass Galaxies and a Black Hole–Halo Mass Relation at z ∼ 5.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade886\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade886</a>.","ista":"Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Kotiwale G, Furtak LJ, Kramarenko I, Mackenzie R, Greene J, Adamo A, Bouwens RJ, Di Cesare C, Eilers A-C, de Graaff A, Heintz KE, Kashino D, Maseda MV, Tacchella S, Torralba Torregrosa A. 2025. Environmental evidence for overly massive Black Holes in low-mass galaxies and a Black Hole–Halo mass relation at z ∼ 5. The Astrophysical Journal. 988(2), 246."}},{"type":"journal_article","arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes","ddc":["520"],"page":"788-808","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1093/mnras/staf030","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"status":"public","day":"01","date_updated":"2026-02-09T08:50:55Z","OA_type":"gold","OA_place":"publisher","_id":"21063","title":"Mapping dusty galaxy growth at z > 5 with FRESCO: Detection of Hα in submm galaxy HDF850.1 and the surrounding overdense structures","citation":{"ama":"Herard-Demanche T, Bouwens RJ, Oesch PA, et al. Mapping dusty galaxy growth at z &#62; 5 with FRESCO: Detection of Hα in submm galaxy HDF850.1 and the surrounding overdense structures. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2025;537(2):788-808. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf030\">10.1093/mnras/staf030</a>","mla":"Herard-Demanche, Thomas, et al. “Mapping Dusty Galaxy Growth at z &#62; 5 with FRESCO: Detection of Hα in Submm Galaxy HDF850.1 and the Surrounding Overdense Structures.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 537, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2025, pp. 788–808, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf030\">10.1093/mnras/staf030</a>.","apa":"Herard-Demanche, T., Bouwens, R. J., Oesch, P. A., Naidu, R. P., Decarli, R., Nelson, E. J., … Shivaei, I. (2025). Mapping dusty galaxy growth at z &#62; 5 with FRESCO: Detection of Hα in submm galaxy HDF850.1 and the surrounding overdense structures. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf030\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf030</a>","ieee":"T. Herard-Demanche <i>et al.</i>, “Mapping dusty galaxy growth at z &#62; 5 with FRESCO: Detection of Hα in submm galaxy HDF850.1 and the surrounding overdense structures,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 537, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 788–808, 2025.","short":"T. Herard-Demanche, R.J. Bouwens, P.A. Oesch, R.P. Naidu, R. Decarli, E.J. Nelson, G. Brammer, A. Weibel, M. Xiao, M. Stefanon, F. Walter, J.J. Matthee, R.A. Meyer, S. Wuyts, N. Reddy, L. Rowland, I. van Leeuwen, P.A. Haro, H. Dannerbauer, A.E. Shapley, J. Chisholm, P. van Dokkum, I. Labbe, G. Illingworth, D. Schaerer, I. Shivaei, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 537 (2025) 788–808.","ista":"Herard-Demanche T, Bouwens RJ, Oesch PA, Naidu RP, Decarli R, Nelson EJ, Brammer G, Weibel A, Xiao M, Stefanon M, Walter F, Matthee JJ, Meyer RA, Wuyts S, Reddy N, Rowland L, van Leeuwen I, Haro PA, Dannerbauer H, Shapley AE, Chisholm J, van Dokkum P, Labbe I, Illingworth G, Schaerer D, Shivaei I. 2025. Mapping dusty galaxy growth at z &#62; 5 with FRESCO: Detection of Hα in submm galaxy HDF850.1 and the surrounding overdense structures. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 537(2), 788–808.","chicago":"Herard-Demanche, Thomas, Rychard J Bouwens, Pascal A Oesch, Rohan P Naidu, Roberto Decarli, Erica J Nelson, Gabriel Brammer, et al. “Mapping Dusty Galaxy Growth at z &#62; 5 with FRESCO: Detection of Hα in Submm Galaxy HDF850.1 and the Surrounding Overdense Structures.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf030\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf030</a>."},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","publisher":"Oxford University Press","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"file":[{"file_name":"2025_MonthlyNoticesRAS_HerardDemanche.pdf","date_updated":"2026-02-09T08:39:19Z","success":1,"file_id":"21169","checksum":"4cbade43244eaa8b60bb05a90ae613da","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":2787493,"relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-02-09T08:39:19Z","access_level":"open_access"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2309.04525"]},"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"publication_status":"published","author":[{"last_name":"Herard-Demanche","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Herard-Demanche, Thomas"},{"first_name":"Rychard J","last_name":"Bouwens","full_name":"Bouwens, Rychard J"},{"last_name":"Oesch","first_name":"Pascal A","full_name":"Oesch, Pascal A"},{"first_name":"Rohan P","last_name":"Naidu","full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P"},{"full_name":"Decarli, Roberto","last_name":"Decarli","first_name":"Roberto"},{"full_name":"Nelson, Erica J","first_name":"Erica J","last_name":"Nelson"},{"full_name":"Brammer, Gabriel","first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"Brammer"},{"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Weibel","full_name":"Weibel, Andrea"},{"full_name":"Xiao, Mengyuan","first_name":"Mengyuan","last_name":"Xiao"},{"first_name":"Mauro","last_name":"Stefanon","full_name":"Stefanon, Mauro"},{"last_name":"Walter","first_name":"Fabian","full_name":"Walter, Fabian"},{"first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720"},{"full_name":"Meyer, Romain A","last_name":"Meyer","first_name":"Romain A"},{"first_name":"Stijn","last_name":"Wuyts","full_name":"Wuyts, Stijn"},{"full_name":"Reddy, Naveen","last_name":"Reddy","first_name":"Naveen"},{"full_name":"Rowland, Lucie","last_name":"Rowland","first_name":"Lucie"},{"full_name":"van Leeuwen, Ivana","last_name":"van Leeuwen","first_name":"Ivana"},{"last_name":"Haro","first_name":"Pablo Arrabal","full_name":"Haro, Pablo Arrabal"},{"first_name":"Helmut","last_name":"Dannerbauer","full_name":"Dannerbauer, Helmut"},{"first_name":"Alice E","last_name":"Shapley","full_name":"Shapley, Alice E"},{"full_name":"Chisholm, John","last_name":"Chisholm","first_name":"John"},{"last_name":"van Dokkum","first_name":"Pieter","full_name":"van Dokkum, Pieter"},{"first_name":"Ivo","last_name":"Labbe","full_name":"Labbe, Ivo"},{"full_name":"Illingworth, Garth","first_name":"Garth","last_name":"Illingworth"},{"last_name":"Schaerer","first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Schaerer, Daniel"},{"first_name":"Irene","last_name":"Shivaei","full_name":"Shivaei, Irene"}],"PlanS_conform":"1","DOAJ_listed":"1","abstract":[{"text":"We report the detection of a 13σ Hα emission line from HDF850.1 at z = 5.188 ± 0.001 using the FRESCO (First Reionization Era SpectroscopicallyComplete Observations) NIRCam F444W grism observations. Detection of Hα in HDF850.1 is noteworthy, given its high far-infrared (IR) luminosity, substantial dust obscuration, and the historical challenges in deriving its redshift.\r\nHDF850.1 shows a clear detection in the F444W imaging data, distributed between a northern and southern component, mirroring that seen in [C II] from the Plateau de Bure Interferometer. Modelling the spectral energy distribution of each component separately, we find that the northern component has a higher mass, star formation rate (SFR), and dust extinction than the southern component. The observed Hα emission appears to arise entirely from the less-obscured southern component and shows a similar \u0004v∼ + 130 km s −1 velocity offset to that seen for [C II] relative to the source systemic redshift. Leveraging Hα-derived redshiftsfrom FRESCO observations, we find that HDF850.1 isforming in one of the richest environments identified to date at z > 5, with 100 z = 5.17–5.20 galaxies distributed across 13 smaller structures and a ∼(15 cMpc)3 volume. Based on the evolution of analogous structures in cosmological simulations, the z = 5.17–5.20 structures seem likely to collapse into\r\na single > 1014M cluster by z ∼ 0. Comparing galaxy properties forming within this overdensity with those outside, we find the masses, SFRs, and UV luminosities inside the overdensity to be clearly higher. The prominence of Hα line emission from HDF850.1 and other known highly obscured z > 5 galaxies illustrates the potential of NIRCam-grism programs to map both\r\nthe early build-up of IR-luminous galaxies and overdense structures.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"02","volume":537,"year":"2025","article_type":"original","file_date_updated":"2026-02-09T08:39:19Z","date_published":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2026-01-28T15:25:53Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"2","oa":1,"acknowledgement":"We are grateful to Roberto Neri and collaborators for providing us with spatially resolved information on both the dust-continuum and [C ii] line emission from their high spatial resolution PdBI observations. This project was made possible in part by the Leiden University Fund/Bouwens Astrophysics Fund. RJB acknowledges support from NWO grants 600.065.140.11N211 (vrij competitie) and TOP grant TOP1.16.057. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant no. 140. Cloud-based data processing and file storage for this work is provided by the AWS Cloud Credits for Research program. Support for this work was provided by NASA through grant JWST-GO-01895 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5–26555. RPN acknowledges funding from JWST programs GO-1933 and GO-2279. Support for this work was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. MS acknowledges support from the CIDEGENT/2021/059 grant, from project PID2019-109592GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación – Agencia Estatal de Investigación. This study forms part of the Astrophysics and High Energy Physics programme and was supported by MCIN with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) and by Generalitat Valenciana under the project n. ASFAE/2022/025. RAM acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced Grant 740246 (Cosmic_Gas) and the Swiss National Science Foundation through project grant 200020_207349.\r\n\r\nThis work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA JWST. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5–03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program no. 1895.\r\n\r\nThis paper made use of several publicly available software packages. We are indebted to the respective authors for their work: ipython (Pérez & Granger 2007), matplotlib (Hunter 2007), numpy (Oliphant 2006), scipy (Virtanen et al. 2020), jupyter (Kluyver et al. 2016), astropy (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018), grizli (v1.7.11; Brammer 2018; Brammer et al. 2022), eazy (Brammer, van Dokkum & Coppi 2008), and SExtractor (Bertin & Arnouts 1996).","intvolume":"       537"},{"alternative_title":["PMLR"],"day":"01","OA_type":"gold","date_updated":"2026-02-10T11:54:02Z","_id":"21066","title":"Score matching through the roof: Linear, nonlinear, and latent variables causal discovery","OA_place":"publisher","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"publisher":"ML Research Press","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://proceedings.mlr.press/v275/montagna25a.html","open_access":"1"}],"file":[{"relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-01-29T14:17:48Z","access_level":"open_access","creator":"flocatel","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1739334,"success":1,"file_id":"21067","checksum":"f2bc44b2320667d4049b3518b1f2fe5d","file_name":"montagna25a.pdf","date_updated":"2026-01-29T14:17:48Z"}],"citation":{"apa":"Montagna, F., Faller, P., Blöbaum, P., Kirschbaum, E., &#38; Locatello, F. (2025). Score matching through the roof: Linear, nonlinear, and latent variables causal discovery. In <i>Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning</i> (Vol. 275, pp. 552–605). Lausanne, Switzerland: ML Research Press.","mla":"Montagna, Francesco, et al. “Score Matching through the Roof: Linear, Nonlinear, and Latent Variables Causal Discovery.” <i>Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning</i>, vol. 275, ML Research Press, 2025, pp. 552–605.","ieee":"F. Montagna, P. Faller, P. Blöbaum, E. Kirschbaum, and F. Locatello, “Score matching through the roof: Linear, nonlinear, and latent variables causal discovery,” in <i>Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning</i>, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2025, vol. 275, pp. 552–605.","ama":"Montagna F, Faller P, Blöbaum P, Kirschbaum E, Locatello F. Score matching through the roof: Linear, nonlinear, and latent variables causal discovery. In: <i>Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning</i>. Vol 275. ML Research Press; 2025:552-605.","ista":"Montagna F, Faller P, Blöbaum P, Kirschbaum E, Locatello F. 2025. Score matching through the roof: Linear, nonlinear, and latent variables causal discovery. Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning. CLeaR: Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning, PMLR, vol. 275, 552–605.","chicago":"Montagna, Francesco, Philipp Faller, Patrik Blöbaum, Elke Kirschbaum, and Francesco Locatello. “Score Matching through the Roof: Linear, Nonlinear, and Latent Variables Causal Discovery.” In <i>Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning</i>, 275:552–605. ML Research Press, 2025.","short":"F. Montagna, P. Faller, P. Blöbaum, E. Kirschbaum, F. Locatello, in:, Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning, ML Research Press, 2025, pp. 552–605."},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning","article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1,"type":"conference","ddc":["000"],"conference":{"end_date":"2025-05-09","start_date":"2025-05-07","name":"CLeaR: Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning","location":"Lausanne, Switzerland"},"page":"552-605","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2640-3498"]},"month":"05","abstract":[{"text":"Causal discovery from observational data holds great promise, but existing methods rely on strong assumptions about the underlying causal structure, often requiring full observability of all relevant variables. We tackle these challenges by leveraging the score function ∇logp(X)\r\n of observed variables for causal discovery and propose the following contributions. First, we generalize the existing results of identifiability with the score to additive noise models with minimal requirements on the causal mechanisms. Second, we establish conditions for inferring causal relations from the score even in the presence of hidden variables; this result is two-faced: we demonstrate the score’s potential as an alternative to conditional independence tests to infer the equivalence class of causal graphs with hidden variables, and we provide the necessary conditions for identifying direct causes in latent variable models. Building on these insights, we propose a flexible algorithm for causal discovery across linear, nonlinear, and latent variable models, which we empirically validate.","lang":"eng"}],"volume":275,"date_created":"2026-01-29T14:19:09Z","year":"2025","file_date_updated":"2026-01-29T14:17:48Z","date_published":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"       275","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"acknowledgement":"Philipp M. Faller was supported by a doctoral scholarship of the Studienstiftung des deutschen\r\nVolkes (German Academic Scholarship Foundation). This work has been supported by AFOSR,\r\ngrant n. FA8655-20-1-7035. FM is supported by Programma Operativo Nazionale ricerca e innovazione 2014-2020. We thank Atalanti A. Mastakouri, Kun Zhang and Haoyue Dai for the insightful discussions.","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"publication_status":"published","corr_author":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2407.18755"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Montagna, Francesco","first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Montagna"},{"first_name":"Philipp","last_name":"Faller","full_name":"Faller, Philipp"},{"first_name":"Patrik","last_name":"Blöbaum","full_name":"Blöbaum, Patrik"},{"last_name":"Kirschbaum","first_name":"Elke","full_name":"Kirschbaum, Elke"},{"id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683","full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","last_name":"Locatello","first_name":"Francesco"}]},{"volume":38,"month":"12","abstract":[{"text":"Causal reasoning and discovery, two fundamental tasks of causal analysis,\r\noften face challenges in applications due to the complexity, noisiness, and highdimensionality of real-world data. Despite recent progress in identifying latent\r\ncausal structures using causal representation learning (CRL), what makes learned\r\nrepresentations useful for causal downstream tasks and how to evaluate them are\r\nstill not well understood. In this paper, we reinterpret CRL using a measurement\r\nmodel framework, where the learned representations are viewed as proxy measurements of the latent causal variables. Our approach clarifies the conditions under\r\nwhich learned representations support downstream causal reasoning and provides\r\na principled basis for quantitatively assessing the quality of representations using\r\na new Test-based Measurement EXclusivity (T-MEX) score. We validate T-MEX\r\nacross diverse causal inference scenarios, including numerical simulations and\r\nreal-world ecological video analysis, demonstrating that the proposed framework\r\nand corresponding score effectively assess the identification of learned representations and their usefulness for causal downstream tasks. Reproducible code can\r\nbe found at https://github.com/shimenghuang/a-measurement-perspective-of-crl.","lang":"eng"}],"intvolume":"        38","acknowledgement":"This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE12. For open access purposes, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any accepted manuscript version arising from this submission.\r\n","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2026-01-29T14:24:56Z","year":"2025","date_published":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","author":[{"last_name":"Yao","first_name":"Dingling","id":"d3e02e50-48a8-11ee-8f62-c108061797fa","full_name":"Yao, Dingling"},{"last_name":"Huang","first_name":"Shimeng","id":"989c2a06-fb4e-11ef-a992-ab766442255b","orcid":"0000-0001-6919-821X","full_name":"Huang, Shimeng"},{"first_name":"Riccardo","last_name":"Cadei","full_name":"Cadei, Riccardo","id":"0fa8b76f-72f0-11ef-b75a-a5da96e5ad6b"},{"last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Kun","full_name":"Zhang, Kun"},{"id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683","last_name":"Locatello","first_name":"Francesco"}],"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"publication_status":"epub_ahead","corr_author":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2505.17708"]},"OA_type":"green","date_updated":"2026-02-10T12:08:52Z","alternative_title":["Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"],"day":"15","publisher":"Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.17708","open_access":"1"}],"citation":{"mla":"Yao, Dingling, et al. “The Third Pillar of Causal Analysis? A Measurement Perspective on Causal Representations.” <i>39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, vol. 38, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025.","apa":"Yao, D., Huang, S., Cadei, R., Zhang, K., &#38; Locatello, F. (2025). The third pillar of causal analysis? A measurement perspective on causal representations. In <i>39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i> (Vol. 38). San Diego, CA, United States: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation.","ieee":"D. Yao, S. Huang, R. Cadei, K. Zhang, and F. Locatello, “The third pillar of causal analysis? A measurement perspective on causal representations,” in <i>39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, San Diego, CA, United States, 2025, vol. 38.","ama":"Yao D, Huang S, Cadei R, Zhang K, Locatello F. The third pillar of causal analysis? A measurement perspective on causal representations. In: <i>39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>. Vol 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation; 2025.","ista":"Yao D, Huang S, Cadei R, Zhang K, Locatello F. 2025. The third pillar of causal analysis? A measurement perspective on causal representations. 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 38.","chicago":"Yao, Dingling, Shimeng Huang, Riccardo Cadei, Kun Zhang, and Francesco Locatello. “The Third Pillar of Causal Analysis? A Measurement Perspective on Causal Representations.” In <i>39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, Vol. 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025.","short":"D. Yao, S. Huang, R. Cadei, K. Zhang, F. Locatello, in:, 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025."},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","title":"The third pillar of causal analysis? A measurement perspective on causal representations","_id":"21068","OA_place":"repository","ddc":["000"],"arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","type":"conference","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1049-5258"]},"conference":{"end_date":"2025-12-07","location":"San Diego, CA, United States","start_date":"2025-12-02","name":"NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems"},"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"software","url":"https://github.com/shimenghuang/a-measurement-perspective-of-crl"}]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Preprint"}]