[{"alternative_title":["LNCS"],"publisher":"Springer","date_created":"2026-09-06T22:01:58Z","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-35374-0_5","citation":{"ista":"Dziembowski S, Faust S, Kedzior P, Mielniczuk M, Mohanty SK, Pietrzak KZ. 2026. Beholder signatures. 46th Annual International Cryptology Conference. CRYPTO: International Cryptology Conference, LNCS, vol. 16801, 134–165.","ieee":"S. Dziembowski, S. Faust, P. Kedzior, M. Mielniczuk, S. K. Mohanty, and K. Z. Pietrzak, “Beholder signatures,” in <i>46th Annual International Cryptology Conference</i>, Santa Barbara, CA, United States, 2026, vol. 16801, pp. 134–165.","apa":"Dziembowski, S., Faust, S., Kedzior, P., Mielniczuk, M., Mohanty, S. K., &#38; Pietrzak, K. Z. (2026). Beholder signatures. In <i>46th Annual International Cryptology Conference</i> (Vol. 16801, pp. 134–165). Santa Barbara, CA, United States: Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-35374-0_5\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-35374-0_5</a>","ama":"Dziembowski S, Faust S, Kedzior P, Mielniczuk M, Mohanty SK, Pietrzak KZ. Beholder signatures. In: <i>46th Annual International Cryptology Conference</i>. Vol 16801. Springer; 2026:134-165. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-35374-0_5\">10.1007/978-3-032-35374-0_5</a>","chicago":"Dziembowski, Stefan, Sebastian Faust, Paweł Kedzior, Marcin Mielniczuk, Susil Kumar Mohanty, and Krzysztof Z Pietrzak. “Beholder Signatures.” In <i>46th Annual International Cryptology Conference</i>, 16801:134–65. Springer, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-35374-0_5\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-35374-0_5</a>.","short":"S. Dziembowski, S. Faust, P. Kedzior, M. Mielniczuk, S.K. Mohanty, K.Z. Pietrzak, in:, 46th Annual International Cryptology Conference, Springer, 2026, pp. 134–165.","mla":"Dziembowski, Stefan, et al. “Beholder Signatures.” <i>46th Annual International Cryptology Conference</i>, vol. 16801, Springer, 2026, pp. 134–65, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-35374-0_5\">10.1007/978-3-032-35374-0_5</a>."},"external_id":{"cryptoeprintid":["2025/1900"]},"page":"134-165","intvolume":"     16801","author":[{"first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Dziembowski, Stefan","last_name":"Dziembowski"},{"first_name":"Sebastian","full_name":"Faust, Sebastian","last_name":"Faust"},{"full_name":"Kedzior, Paweł","first_name":"Paweł","last_name":"Kedzior"},{"full_name":"Mielniczuk, Marcin","first_name":"Marcin","last_name":"Mielniczuk"},{"last_name":"Mohanty","first_name":"Susil Kumar","full_name":"Mohanty, Susil Kumar"},{"last_name":"Pietrzak","id":"3E04A7AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Pietrzak, Krzysztof Z","first_name":"Krzysztof Z","orcid":"0000-0002-9139-1654"}],"oa":1,"cryptoeprintid":1,"department":[{"_id":"KrPi"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-10T06:21:13Z","researchdata_availability":"no","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0302-9743"],"isbn":["9783032353733"],"eissn":["1611-3349"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","quality_controlled":"1","month":"08","project":[{"grant_number":"F8509","_id":"34a34d57-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a2688a8724e1","name":"Security and Privacy by Design for Complex Systems"}],"publication_status":"published","supplementarymaterial":"no","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","das_tickbox":"0","abstract":[{"text":"We introduce a new primitive, called beholder signatures (Full version [14] of the paper is available at https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/1900), which, in some sense, are the opposite of blind signatures. In a beholder signature, one signs a commitment to a (potentially very long) message, and the signature attests that the parties participating in the signing process, who know the secret key, jointly also know the entire committed message. This guarantee holds even against distributed adversaries that use secure multi-party computation (MPC) to produce the signature. We work in the distributed adversarial model (Dziembowski, Faust, and Lizurej, Crypto’23), where one assumes that it is infeasible to evaluate a large number of hash queries without any of the participating parties learning the input. We propose a construction of beholder signatures in the random oracle model. The starting point of our construction is proofs of complete knowledge, recently proposed by (Kelkar et al. CCS’24), which build on Fischlin’s transformation of a sigma protocol to a non-interactive, straight-line extractable zero-knowledge proof of knowledge. Our scheme is concretely efficient and comes with a proof-of-concept implementation using Schnorr as the underlying sigma protocol.\r\n\r\nThe primary applications of beholder signatures can be found within the blockchain space. In particular, we describe how to use them to construct proofs of custody (Feist, 2021) that do not require ephemeral keys and are non-interactive. We also outline applications to data dissemination, data availability, and proofs of replication.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"46th Annual International Cryptology Conference","volume":16801,"day":"11","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-35374-0_5","scopus_import":"1","OA_place":"publisher","title":"Beholder signatures","OA_type":"free access","conference":{"start_date":"2026-08-17","location":"Santa Barbara, CA, United States","name":"CRYPTO: International Cryptology Conference","end_date":"2026-08-20"},"date_published":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"We used generative AI for grammar, spell checking, and basic editing. This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/F85. This work has been partially funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 innovation program (grant CRYPTOLAYER-101044770), and by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 innovation program (grant PROCONTRA-885666).","status":"public","type":"conference","year":"2026","_id":"22820","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-35374-0_5"}]},{"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863","citation":{"mla":"Werner, Thomas. <i>Interfacing Superconducting Qubits with Optical Photons</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863</a>.","short":"T. Werner, Interfacing Superconducting Qubits with Optical Photons, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","chicago":"Werner, Thomas. “Interfacing Superconducting Qubits with Optical Photons.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863</a>.","ama":"Werner T. Interfacing superconducting qubits with optical photons. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863</a>","apa":"Werner, T. (2026). <i>Interfacing superconducting qubits with optical photons</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863</a>","ista":"Werner T. 2026. Interfacing superconducting qubits with optical photons. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ieee":"T. Werner, “Interfacing superconducting qubits with optical photons,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026."},"page":"97","corr_author":"1","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"SSU"}],"date_created":"2026-05-12T09:04:02Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"JoFi"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-14T07:08:54Z","ddc":["530","537","539"],"author":[{"orcid":"0009-0001-2346-5236","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Werner, Thomas","id":"1fcd8497-dba3-11ea-a45e-c6fbd715f7c7","last_name":"Werner"}],"oa":1,"ec_funded":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","abstract":[{"text":"Atoms and photons, two things so different but yet so alike. The former, the building block of matter, something we learn about in school and imagine it as some tiny marbles encircled by other tinier marbles. The latter, an electromagnetic wave, a light particle or an excitation of the electromagnetic field. Quantum mechanics tells us about the properties of these two entities. And even if it sounds, looks and writes counter-intuitive, it has proven right for over a century now.\r\n\r\nIn this work, I elaborate on how we tested the laws of quantum mechanics and how we used them learn more about the tiny building blocks of nature and the fields they use to talk to each other. The atoms we use, are artificial. Superconducting qubits, small electrical circuits with quantized energy levels behave like electrons that transition between different orbitals in an atom. One of the qubits' advantages, is also a big disadvantage. We design the circuits' energy levels and fabricate them in a cleanroom. This allows for arbitrary spaced energy levels but in contrast to real atoms, prevents two superconducting qubits from being alike. Still, this qubit platform is one of the frontrunners for future quantum computing technology and testing fundamental physics due to their scalability.\r\n\r\nWe interface superconducting qubits, which operate in the GHz regime, with microwave photons. We use 3D aluminum cavities as mediators between qubits and photons. The cavities allow for non-destructive readout of the qubit state, they shield the qubits from noise at the qubit frequency and they give us an easy way to frequency-tune these joint systems.\r\n\r\nWe need to operate superconducting qubits and their cavities at millikelvin temperatures in dilution refrigerators. At higher temperatures, superconductivity suffers and even worse, the environment is filled with thermal noise photons. This poses a fundamental limitation on the scalability of superconducting qubit devices. Also connecting multiple devices in different fridges does not work over room temperature links because the microwave photons used for this purpose will be covered in noise and the quantum information they carry, will be unusable.\r\n\r\nInfrared photons do not suffer from this noise problem since there are close to zero thermal noise photons at their frequencies at room temperature. We cannot simply interface superconducting devices with optical photons due their frequency mismatch and the destructive effect of optical photons on superconductors. Therefore, we use microwave-to-optics transducers that allow to convert microwave photons into optical ones and vice-versa. The transducers that we use are macroscopic electro-optic transducers using the Pockels effect in a disk-shaped Lithium Niobate whispering gallery mode resonator. By using a strong optical pump, photons from the two frequency domains experience a beam-splitter interaction and get converted from one to the other.\r\n\r\nWe measure the generated optical photons using elaborate optical setups, optical heterodyning and single photon detectors to gain knowledge about the qubit state or the converted microwave photons. Bridging the microwave and the optical world allows us to take advantage of both of their strengths but it also requires deep knowledge about both of their working principles.\r\n\r\nIn this work, we describe two experiments that our group conducted to showcase the opportunities that arise from interfacing superconducting qubits with optical photons but also the pitfalls, one may encounter on the way.\r\n\r\nIn the first experiment, we managed to all-optically read out a superconducting qubit. We show that the assignment fidelity, the probability that a measurement of the qubit state matches the prepared state, is close to equal for all-optical, microwave-to-optics and conventional microwave readout. We show T1 and T2 measurements for all three readout types and give an analysis of the noise caused by the optics. Finally, we show that the infrared light does not affect the qubit performance in a negative way but that the heating it causes does. This is an important insight that we used in the next experiment.\r\n\r\nThe second experiment is the upconversion of itinerant single microwave photons to the optical domain. We show that we can generate single microwave photons from a qubit-cavity system. We upconvert these single photons, measure them with a single photon detector and reconstruct their shape. By conducting a single photon Rabi measurement, we show correlations between the microwave and the optical domain. And by thorough signal-to-noise measurements and noise analysis, we find that we can generate single infrared photons with high signal-to-noise ratio 5.1 and low transducer added noise (<0.012 quanta). We show that this measurement creates a path towards entanglement of a superconducting qubit and an optical photon and what parameters need to be improved to achieve it. Additionally, this experiment is a proof of principle for an on-demand infrared single photon source. More generally, it allows to link microwave quantum technology in general to the optical domain.","lang":"eng"}],"supervisor":[{"last_name":"Fink","first_name":"Johannes M","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"file_date_updated":"2026-05-15T15:54:06Z","day":"12","doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","month":"05","publication_status":"published","project":[{"name":"Cavity Quantum Electro Optics: Microwave photonics with nonclassical states","_id":"bdadfa0d-d553-11ed-ba76-fb85edbd456a","grant_number":"101089099"},{"name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","grant_number":"899354","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"grant_number":"758053","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"grant_number":"101248662","_id":"5b807754-ab3d-11f0-914f-ff8c34502cc9","name":"Integrated optical coupling for low loss electro-optic interconnects"},{"grant_number":"101187231","_id":"91aaf765-16d5-11f0-9cad-a8e7e44cccb7","name":"Cavity-Integrated Electro-Optics: Measuring, Converting and Manipulating Microwaves with Light"},{"name":"QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration of Superconducting Quantum Circuits","_id":"bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f","grant_number":"F07105"},{"_id":"bdb7cfc1-d553-11ed-ba76-d2eaab167738","name":"Open Superconducting Quantum Computers (OpenSuperQPlus)","grant_number":"101080139"},{"name":"NOMIS Fellowship Program","_id":"9B861AAC-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"}],"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","acknowledgement":"The author of this work was supported by the European Research Council under grant no.\r\n101089099 (ERC CoG cQEO) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation\r\nprogram under grant no. 899354 (FETopen SuperQuLAN).\r\nThis work was also supported by the European Research Council under grant nos. 758053\r\n(ERC StG QUNNECT), 101248662 (ERC POC CoupledEOT), and the European Innovation\r\nCouncil no. 101187231 (PathfinderOpen CIELO). This research was funded in whole or in part\r\nby the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [10.55776/F71]. For open access purposes, the author\r\nhas applied a CC BY public copyright license to any author accepted manuscript version arising\r\nfrom this submission.\r\niii\r\nMy co-authors in the works mentioned later acknowledge generous support from the ISTFELLOW program, the NOMIS-ISTA fellowship, the Horizon Europe Program HORIZONCL4-2022-QUANTUM-01-SGA via Project No. 101113946 OpenSuperQPlus100 and a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria.\r\n","date_published":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","status":"public","type":"dissertation","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"19073","status":"public"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"21870","status":"public"}]},"degree_awarded":"PhD","year":"2026","file":[{"creator":"twerner","file_size":9330516,"file_name":"2026_Werner_Thomas_Thesis.pdf","checksum":"a5b4d8dba83f96e955a3625c0eebee98","date_updated":"2026-05-15T15:53:57Z","file_id":"21879","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-05-15T15:53:57Z","content_type":"application/pdf"},{"creator":"twerner","file_id":"21880","file_name":"2026_Werner_Thomas_Thesis.zip","date_updated":"2026-05-15T15:54:06Z","checksum":"b41282beaacfb32472769b9e3b1758d8","file_size":9370704,"access_level":"closed","relation":"source_file","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","date_created":"2026-05-15T15:54:06Z"}],"_id":"21863","OA_place":"publisher","title":"Interfacing superconducting qubits with optical photons","keyword":["Superconducting qubits","Quantum optics","Single photons and quantum effects","Nonlinear optics"]},{"publication":"arXiv","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928","day":"31","oa_version":"Preprint","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Superconducting qubits are a leading candidate for utility-scale quantum computing due to their fast gate speeds and steadily decreasing error rates. The requirement for millikelvin operating temperatures, however, creates a significant scaling bottleneck. Modular architectures using optical fiber links could bridge separate cryogenic nodes, but superconducting circuits do not have coherent optical transitions and microwave-to-optical conversion has not been shown for any non-classical photon state. In this work, we demonstrate the on-demand generation and tomographic reconstruction of itinerant single microwave photons at 8.9 GHz from a superconducting qubit. We upconvert this non-Gaussian state with a transducer added noise below 0.012 quanta and count the converted telecom photons at 193.4 THz with a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 5.1$\\pm$1.1. We characterize the trade-offs between throughput and noise, and establish a viable path toward heralded entanglement distribution and gate teleportation. Looking ahead, these results empower existing superconducting devices to take a key role in distributed quantum technologies and heterogeneous quantum systems."}],"project":[{"_id":"bdadfa0d-d553-11ed-ba76-fb85edbd456a","name":"Cavity Quantum Electro Optics: Microwave photonics with nonclassical states","grant_number":"101089099"},{"name":"Integrated optical coupling for low loss electro-optic interconnects","_id":"5b807754-ab3d-11f0-914f-ff8c34502cc9","grant_number":"101248662"},{"name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","grant_number":"899354","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"91aaf765-16d5-11f0-9cad-a8e7e44cccb7","name":"Cavity-Integrated Electro-Optics: Measuring, Converting and Manipulating Microwaves with Light","grant_number":"101187231"},{"name":"NOMIS Fellowship Program","_id":"9B861AAC-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"},{"name":"QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration of Superconducting Quantum Circuits","_id":"bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f","grant_number":"F07105"}],"publication_status":"draft","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_processing_charge":"No","month":"01","year":"2026","_id":"21870","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928","open_access":"1"}],"date_published":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"We thank Fritz Diorico and Onur Hosten who suggested the filter cavity design, and gave important insights about the assembly and the testing of the FabryPerot filter cavities. Ekatrina Fedotova and Diego A.\r\nLancheros Naranjo worked on the filter cavity setup in\r\nthe early stages of this work. Gustavo Wiederhecker and\r\nYiewen Chu provided insights as to the origins of the\r\nobserved optical noise and Nicola Carlon Zambon suggested using telecom filters to mitigate it further. This\r\nwork was supported by the European Research Council under grant agreement no. 101089099 (ERC CoG\r\ncQEO), and 101248662 (ERC POC CoupledEOT), the\r\nEuropean Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation\r\nprogram under grant agreement no. 899354 (FETopen\r\nSuperQuLAN), the European Innovation Council no.\r\n101187231 (PathfinderOpen CIELO), and the Austrian\r\nScience Fund (FWF) no. F7105 (SFB BeyondC). J.F.\r\nand L.K. acknowledge support from the Horizon Europe\r\nProgram HORIZON-CL4-2022-QUANTUM-01-SGA via\r\nProject No. 101113946 OpenSuperQPlus100. A.M. acknowledges support from the NOMIS-ISTA fellowship.","status":"public","type":"preprint","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"21863","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"OA_type":"green","scopus_import":"1","OA_place":"repository","title":"Electro-optic conversion of itinerant Fock states","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928","citation":{"chicago":"Werner, Thomas, Erfan Riyazi, Samarth Hawaldar, Rishabh Sahu, Georg M Arnold, Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker, Jennifer A. Sánchez Naranjo, et al. “Electro-Optic Conversion of Itinerant Fock States.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928</a>.","short":"T. Werner, E. Riyazi, S. Hawaldar, R. Sahu, G.M. Arnold, P.F.-S. Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker, J.A.S. Naranjo, D. Loi, L.N. Kapoor, M. Zemlicka, L. Qiu, A. Militaru, J.M. Fink, ArXiv (n.d.).","mla":"Werner, Thomas, et al. “Electro-Optic Conversion of Itinerant Fock States.” <i>ArXiv</i>, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928\">10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928</a>.","ista":"Werner T, Riyazi E, Hawaldar S, Sahu R, Arnold GM, Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker PF-S, Naranjo JAS, Loi D, Kapoor LN, Zemlicka M, Qiu L, Militaru A, Fink JM. Electro-optic conversion of itinerant Fock states. arXiv, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928\">10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928</a>.","ieee":"T. Werner <i>et al.</i>, “Electro-optic conversion of itinerant Fock states,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","apa":"Werner, T., Riyazi, E., Hawaldar, S., Sahu, R., Arnold, G. M., Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker, P. F.-S., … Fink, J. M. (n.d.). Electro-optic conversion of itinerant Fock states. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928</a>","ama":"Werner T, Riyazi E, Hawaldar S, et al. Electro-optic conversion of itinerant Fock states. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928\">10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928</a>"},"corr_author":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2602.00928"]},"date_created":"2026-05-12T13:58:18Z","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-14T07:08:55Z","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"arxiv":1,"oa":1,"ec_funded":1,"author":[{"orcid":"0009-0001-2346-5236","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Werner, Thomas","id":"1fcd8497-dba3-11ea-a45e-c6fbd715f7c7","last_name":"Werner"},{"last_name":"Riyazi","full_name":"Riyazi, Erfan","first_name":"Erfan","id":"53322f94-5355-11ee-ae5a-ff6f81c87d51"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-1965-4309","full_name":"Hawaldar, Samarth","first_name":"Samarth","id":"221708e1-1ff6-11ee-9fa6-85146607433e","last_name":"Hawaldar"},{"first_name":"Rishabh","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Sahu"},{"last_name":"Arnold","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","first_name":"Georg M"},{"first_name":"Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker","full_name":"Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker, Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker","last_name":"Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker"},{"full_name":"Naranjo, Jennifer A. Sánchez","first_name":"Jennifer A. Sánchez","last_name":"Naranjo"},{"last_name":"Loi","full_name":"Loi, Dante","first_name":"Dante"},{"last_name":"Kapoor","first_name":"Lucky N.","full_name":"Kapoor, Lucky N."},{"last_name":"Zemlicka","first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Zemlicka, Martin","orcid":"0009-0005-0878-3032","id":"2DCF8DE6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Qiu","full_name":"Qiu, Liu","first_name":"Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-4345-4267","id":"45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac"},{"first_name":"Andrei","full_name":"Militaru, Andrei","id":"d67706f8-8eb1-11ee-ad1b-9c30dfa19e0b","last_name":"Militaru"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","first_name":"Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Fink"}]},{"date_created":"2026-08-21T09:29:34Z","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY-SA (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-SA 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_sa.png"},"corr_author":"1","page":"182","citation":{"chicago":"Michalik, David. “Mechanistic Insights into MDA5 Selectivity and Regulation.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22745\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22745</a>.","short":"D. Michalik, Mechanistic Insights into MDA5 Selectivity and Regulation, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","mla":"Michalik, David. <i>Mechanistic Insights into MDA5 Selectivity and Regulation</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22745\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-22745</a>.","ieee":"D. Michalik, “Mechanistic insights into MDA5 selectivity and regulation,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","ista":"Michalik D. 2026. Mechanistic insights into MDA5 selectivity and regulation. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ama":"Michalik D. Mechanistic insights into MDA5 selectivity and regulation. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22745\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-22745</a>","apa":"Michalik, D. (2026). <i>Mechanistic insights into MDA5 selectivity and regulation</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22745\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22745</a>"},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22745","author":[{"id":"B9577E20-AA38-11E9-AC9A-0930E6697425","full_name":"Michalik, David","first_name":"David","last_name":"Michalik"}],"ddc":["572"],"date_updated":"2026-09-14T06:54:50Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"CaBe"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","doi_confirm":"1","publication_status":"published","project":[{"grant_number":"F8003","name":"RNAdeco: decorating RNA for a purpose/ P03- Roles of A-to-I editing in dsRNA recognition","_id":"8dc144d4-16d5-11f0-9cad-9d9e86aea1f7"}],"month":"08","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"day":"21","doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-22745","file_date_updated":"2026-08-26T08:46:35Z","supervisor":[{"id":"2CB9DFE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Carrie A","full_name":"Bernecky, Carrie A","orcid":"0000-0003-0893-7036","last_name":"Bernecky"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Mechanistic insights into MDA5 selectivity and regulation","OA_place":"publisher","_id":"22745","file":[{"relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-08-26T08:46:02Z","content_type":"application/pdf","embargo_to":"open_access","creator":"cchlebak","embargo":"2027-08-26","file_size":13624837,"checksum":"cd80d2076a5155ab6a12ec0b05adbee5","date_updated":"2026-08-26T08:46:02Z","file_id":"22763","file_name":"2026_Michalik_David_Thesis.pdf","access_level":"closed"},{"creator":"cchlebak","access_level":"closed","checksum":"16ae6cd206ba0eb04ce8a7198042f24f","file_id":"22764","date_updated":"2026-08-26T08:46:35Z","file_name":"2026_Michalik_David_Thesis.docx","file_size":20499216,"relation":"source_file","content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","date_created":"2026-08-26T08:46:35Z"}],"year":"2026","degree_awarded":"PhD","type":"dissertation","status":"public","acknowledgement":"This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of Institute of Science and\r\nTechnology Austria through resources provided by the Lab Support Facility and Electron\r\nMicroscopy Facility at ISTA. Monoclonal Antibody Facility at Max Perutz laboratories are\r\nacknowledged for raising anti-pSer1022 MDA5 antibody. Proteomics core facility CEITEC MUNI\r\nBrno, namely David Pospíšil, are acknowledged for their help with measuring MS data as well\r\nas help with interpreting them and the introduction into MS data analysis. CIISB, Instruct-CZ\r\nCentre of Instruct-ERIC EU consortium, funded by MEYS CR infrastructure project LM2023042,\r\nis gratefully acknowledged for the financial support of the measurements at the CEITEC\r\nProteomics Core Facility. Computational resources were provided by the e-INFRA CZ project\r\n(ID:90254), supported by MEYS CR.\r\nThis work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grant F8003-B RNA-DECO:\r\nDecorating RNA for a purpose (10.55776/F80).","date_published":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z"},{"date_published":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"We thank Jan Ellenberg (SciLifeLab), Stephan Grill (MPI-CBG), Anna Erzberger (EMBL) and members of the Diz-Muñoz lab for a critical reading of the manuscript. We thank Estela Sosa Osorio (EMBL) and Gisela Juliachs Torroella (EMBL) for manual curation of actin segmentation in cryo-electron tomograms, and Evgenia Zagoriy (EMBL) and Mukthi Ammai Sridharan Iyer (EMBL) for the visual inspection of actin branching points in cryo-electron tomograms. We thank Anne-Cecyle Reyman (IGBMC) and her team for extended discussion and inspiring experiments. We thank Ruben Tesoro Moreno (EMBL) for Alphafold predictions. We thank Jan Faix (Hannover Medical School) for the mDia1 constructs and Jamie Hackett (EMBL Rome) for the Piggybac vectors. We thank Sarah Kaspar in the EMBL Data Science Centre for help with statistical methods. We thank the EMBL Flow Cytometry Core Facility (especially Daniel Gimenes), the EMBL advanced light microscopy facility (especially Marko Lampe and Beate Neumann for microscope support, and Christian Tischer for help with image analysis), EMBL IT (especially Thomas Hoffmann), and the EMBL cryo-EM platform for support and advice. We thank Albert Dominguez Mantes (EPFL) for helpful discussions about Spotiflow. We acknowledge the financial support of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) to J.M. and A.D-M., the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grant DI 2205/3-1, the Human Frontiers Science Program (HFSP) grant RGY0073/2018 and ERC grant 101124221 (MitoMeChAnics) to A.D-M., the Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds PhD fellowship and the Croucher Scholarship for Doctoral Study to D.C., the EMBL interdisciplinary Postdoc (EIPOD) programme under Marie Curie Cofund Actions MSCA-COFUND-FP to M.S. and M.T-N., the EMBO fellowship to S.F.G., the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-21-CE13-0048) to O.D.R. and J.H.; This work is partially funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.","status":"public","type":"journal_article","year":"2026","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-09-15T12:51:36Z","success":1,"relation":"main_file","file_id":"22932","date_updated":"2026-09-15T12:51:36Z","file_name":"2026_NatureComm_Strauss.pdf","checksum":"adc0d16fcb2a65e1a5913481700fa19f","file_size":3154967,"access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst"}],"_id":"22911","article_number":"9501","scopus_import":"1","OA_place":"publisher","title":"The membrane-to-cortex distance regulates mDia1 activity to control cortical mechanics","OA_type":"gold","PlanS_conform":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","das_tickbox":"1","abstract":[{"text":"The shape of animal cells is controlled by their surface, which comprises the cell cortex, a peripheral actin network, tethered to the plasma membrane by membrane-to-cortex attachment proteins. Changes in cortical components have long been considered to dominate the regulation of forces and mechanical properties at the cell surface and drive morphogenesis. Here, we show that the coupling of the cortex to the membrane is also key for the regulation of its mechanical properties. By combining molecular engineering with biophysical approaches and in-cell cryo-electron tomography we describe the cell surface with nanometer-resolution and link its organization to cell-scale mechanics. We find that membrane-to-cortex attachment proteins can physically draw the cortex closer to the membrane, in a density and length-dependent manner. This reduction of the membrane-to-cortex distance controls the activity of the formin mDia1, leading to a reduction in cortical tension. Our study thus defines a novel mechanism whereby the membrane-to-cortex distance is a functional geometrical parameter that regulates cell surface properties.","lang":"eng"}],"file_date_updated":"2026-09-15T12:51:36Z","volume":17,"publication":"Nature Communications","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-72845-3","day":"04","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","quality_controlled":"1","month":"09","pmid":1,"publication_status":"published","supplementarymaterial":"yes","dataavailabilitystatement":"The dataset for the analysis of cortical actin and p-myosin in fixed cells, as well as actin and myosin−2 in live cells can be found together with the corresponding Fiji macro for immunofluorescence quantification in the Biostudies database (accession number S-BIAD2611).\r\n\r\nAll raw frames, tilt series, metadata, tomograms and segmentations generated for this work are deposited in the Electron Microscopy Public Image Archive (EMPIAR)118 under accession code EMPIAR-13326. A representative tomogram associated with this entry is available in the Electron Microscopy Data Bank (EMDB)119 under entry EMD-56367.\r\n\r\nThe experimental imaging data for the filopodia analysis, the used Spotiflow model with corresponding training data and example datasets are available in the BioStudies database (accession number S-BIAD2611).\r\n\r\nRaw numbers for plots presented in this paper as well as western blot images are available in the Source Data. All other data and unique reagents that support this study are available from the corresponding authors upon request. Source data are provided in this paper. Source data are provided with this paper.\r\nThe code used for cortex analysis from binary segmentations obtained during cryo-ET data processing is available on GitHub with the following link: https://github.com/MahamidLab/actin_cortex_analysis/tree/revision.\r\n\r\nThe Napari plugin for reviewing and manually correct spot detections used in the filopodia analysis is available at GitHub with the following link: https://github.com/diz-lab/filospot.","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","researchdata_availability":"yes","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"MiSi"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-15T12:58:06Z","ddc":["570"],"author":[{"full_name":"Strauss, Léanne","first_name":"Léanne","last_name":"Strauss"},{"id":"d993a7b2-292f-11ed-aaac-fb045a912e31","full_name":"Lembo, Sergio","first_name":"Sergio","orcid":"0000-0002-2253-8771","last_name":"Lembo"},{"last_name":"Gérard","first_name":"Samuel F.","full_name":"Gérard, Samuel F."},{"last_name":"Siggel","full_name":"Siggel, Marc","first_name":"Marc"},{"first_name":"Dorothy","full_name":"Cheng, Dorothy","last_name":"Cheng"},{"full_name":"Bergert, Martin","first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Bergert"},{"full_name":"Foster, Sarah K.","first_name":"Sarah K.","last_name":"Foster"},{"last_name":"Vermeil","first_name":"Joseph","full_name":"Vermeil, Joseph"},{"full_name":"Toro-Nahuelpan, Mauricio","first_name":"Mauricio","last_name":"Toro-Nahuelpan"},{"last_name":"Fischer","first_name":"Lena M.","full_name":"Fischer, Lena M."},{"first_name":"Qin","full_name":"Yu, Qin","last_name":"Yu"},{"first_name":"Ewa","full_name":"Sitarska, Ewa","last_name":"Sitarska"},{"first_name":"Chii Jou","full_name":"Chan, Chii Jou","last_name":"Chan"},{"first_name":"Jan","full_name":"Kosinski, Jan","last_name":"Kosinski"},{"last_name":"Piel","full_name":"Piel, Matthieu","first_name":"Matthieu"},{"last_name":"Du Roure","first_name":"Olivia","full_name":"Du Roure, Olivia"},{"full_name":"Heuvingh, Julien","first_name":"Julien","last_name":"Heuvingh"},{"last_name":"Mahamid","full_name":"Mahamid, Julia","first_name":"Julia"},{"full_name":"Diz-Muñoz, Alba","first_name":"Alba","last_name":"Diz-Muñoz"}],"oa":1,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72845-3","citation":{"apa":"Strauss, L., Lembo, S., Gérard, S. F., Siggel, M., Cheng, D., Bergert, M., … Diz-Muñoz, A. (2026). The membrane-to-cortex distance regulates mDia1 activity to control cortical mechanics. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72845-3\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72845-3</a>","ama":"Strauss L, Lembo S, Gérard SF, et al. The membrane-to-cortex distance regulates mDia1 activity to control cortical mechanics. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2026;17. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72845-3\">10.1038/s41467-026-72845-3</a>","ieee":"L. Strauss <i>et al.</i>, “The membrane-to-cortex distance regulates mDia1 activity to control cortical mechanics,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 17. Springer Nature, 2026.","ista":"Strauss L, Lembo S, Gérard SF, Siggel M, Cheng D, Bergert M, Foster SK, Vermeil J, Toro-Nahuelpan M, Fischer LM, Yu Q, Sitarska E, Chan CJ, Kosinski J, Piel M, Du Roure O, Heuvingh J, Mahamid J, Diz-Muñoz A. 2026. The membrane-to-cortex distance regulates mDia1 activity to control cortical mechanics. Nature Communications. 17, 9501.","mla":"Strauss, Léanne, et al. “The Membrane-to-Cortex Distance Regulates MDia1 Activity to Control Cortical Mechanics.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 17, 9501, Springer Nature, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72845-3\">10.1038/s41467-026-72845-3</a>.","chicago":"Strauss, Léanne, Sergio Lembo, Samuel F. Gérard, Marc Siggel, Dorothy Cheng, Martin Bergert, Sarah K. Foster, et al. “The Membrane-to-Cortex Distance Regulates MDia1 Activity to Control Cortical Mechanics.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72845-3\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72845-3</a>.","short":"L. Strauss, S. Lembo, S.F. Gérard, M. Siggel, D. Cheng, M. Bergert, S.K. Foster, J. Vermeil, M. Toro-Nahuelpan, L.M. Fischer, Q. Yu, E. Sitarska, C.J. Chan, J. Kosinski, M. Piel, O. Du Roure, J. Heuvingh, J. Mahamid, A. Diz-Muñoz, Nature Communications 17 (2026)."},"external_id":{"pmid":["42697882"]},"corr_author":"1","intvolume":"        17","article_type":"original","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"publisher":"Springer Nature","date_created":"2026-09-13T22:01:51Z","DOAJ_listed":"1"},{"intvolume":"        53","article_type":"original","citation":{"apa":"Charinti, G. A., Davin, A., Polesello, A., Muller, C. J., &#38; Pasquero, C. (2026). Impact of upper-level warming on tropical cyclone intensity. <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL121307\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL121307</a>","ama":"Charinti GA, Davin A, Polesello A, Muller CJ, Pasquero C. Impact of upper-level warming on tropical cyclone intensity. <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>. 2026;53(17). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL121307\">10.1029/2025GL121307</a>","ista":"Charinti GA, Davin A, Polesello A, Muller CJ, Pasquero C. 2026. Impact of upper-level warming on tropical cyclone intensity. Geophysical Research Letters. 53(17), e2025GL121307.","ieee":"G. A. Charinti, A. Davin, A. Polesello, C. J. Muller, and C. Pasquero, “Impact of upper-level warming on tropical cyclone intensity,” <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>, vol. 53, no. 17. Wiley, 2026.","mla":"Charinti, Giousef Alexandros, et al. “Impact of Upper-Level Warming on Tropical Cyclone Intensity.” <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>, vol. 53, no. 17, e2025GL121307, Wiley, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL121307\">10.1029/2025GL121307</a>.","chicago":"Charinti, Giousef Alexandros, Andrea Davin, Andrea Polesello, Caroline J Muller, and Claudia Pasquero. “Impact of Upper-Level Warming on Tropical Cyclone Intensity.” <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>. Wiley, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL121307\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL121307</a>.","short":"G.A. Charinti, A. Davin, A. Polesello, C.J. Muller, C. Pasquero, Geophysical Research Letters 53 (2026)."},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL121307","corr_author":"1","publisher":"Wiley","date_created":"2026-09-13T22:01:51Z","DOAJ_listed":"1","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"researchdata_availability":"yes","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-15T12:38:32Z","department":[{"_id":"CaMu"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"oa":1,"ec_funded":1,"ddc":["550"],"author":[{"last_name":"Charinti","id":"7f7cc04c-074c-11ed-af92-eb16afd85c75","full_name":"Charinti, Giousef Alexandros","first_name":"Giousef Alexandros"},{"full_name":"Davin, Andrea","first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Davin"},{"last_name":"Polesello","first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Polesello, Andrea","id":"74c777f4-32da-11ee-b498-874db0835561"},{"id":"f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b","orcid":"0000-0001-5836-5350","first_name":"Caroline J","full_name":"Muller, Caroline J","last_name":"Muller"},{"last_name":"Pasquero","first_name":"Claudia","full_name":"Pasquero, Claudia"}],"issue":"17","file_date_updated":"2026-09-15T12:34:00Z","publication":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":53,"doi":"10.1029/2025GL121307","day":"16","das_tickbox":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Deep convection from tropical cyclones (TCs) can reach the height of the tropopause and as such an interaction between the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is likely to occur. Such interactions have been reported in both numerical and observational studies, mainly showing that subsidence from the stratosphere into the eye of an intensifying storm leads to a high-level warm core. However, the effect of this upper-level warming on the intensity of the TCs is not yet well understood. In this study, we show that subsiding air from the stratosphere beyond subsidence in the eye is the reason for the upper-level warming in idealized simulations. We further show that it is possible to quantify the effects of the upper-level warming on the potential intensity of the TC. Finally, we conclude that overshooting convection into the stratosphere causes the observed subsidence, as both become more pronounced with increasing sea-surface temperatures (SST)."}],"supplementarymaterial":"yes","publication_status":"published","project":[{"name":"Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical  cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate","_id":"629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576","grant_number":"805041","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"dataavailabilitystatement":"The post‐processed simulation data and the analysis scripts are available on Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30933764 (Charinti et al., 2025).","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_processing_charge":"Yes","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1944-8007"],"issn":["0094-8276"]},"month":"09","quality_controlled":"1","_id":"22912","article_number":"e2025GL121307","file":[{"relation":"main_file","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-09-15T12:34:00Z","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2026_GeophysicalResearchLetters_Charinti.pdf","file_id":"22931","date_updated":"2026-09-15T12:34:00Z","checksum":"8d1c470e4c2cb43bf3220f34a0d3e10c","file_size":1277378}],"year":"2026","date_published":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"GAC and CM acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC)under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant Agreement No.805041). AD and CP acknowledge support by the National Recovery and Resilience Plan project TeRABIT (Terabit network for Research and Academic Big data in Italy—IR0000022—PNRR Missione 4,Componente 2, Investimento 3.1 CUPI53C21000370006) in the frame of the European Union ‐ NextGenerationEUfunding. Open Access funding provided by Institute of Science and TechnologyAustria/KEMÖ","type":"journal_article","status":"public","OA_type":"gold","scopus_import":"1","title":"Impact of upper-level warming on tropical cyclone intensity","OA_place":"publisher"},{"publisher":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","date_created":"2026-04-12T22:01:50Z","intvolume":"        40","citation":{"mla":"Asadi, Ali, et al. “Qualitative Analysis of ω-Regular Objectives on Robust MDPs.” <i>Proceedings of the 40th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>, vol. 40, no. 43, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2026, pp. 36137–45, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40931\">10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40931</a>.","short":"A. Asadi, K. Chatterjee, E. Goharshady, M. Karrabi, A. Shafiee, in:, Proceedings of the 40th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2026, pp. 36137–36145.","chicago":"Asadi, Ali, Krishnendu Chatterjee, Ehsan Goharshady, Mehrdad Karrabi, and Ali Shafiee. “Qualitative Analysis of ω-Regular Objectives on Robust MDPs.” In <i>Proceedings of the 40th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>, 40:36137–45. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40931\">https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40931</a>.","ama":"Asadi A, Chatterjee K, Goharshady E, Karrabi M, Shafiee A. Qualitative analysis of ω-regular objectives on robust MDPs. In: <i>Proceedings of the 40th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>. Vol 40. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence; 2026:36137-36145. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40931\">10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40931</a>","apa":"Asadi, A., Chatterjee, K., Goharshady, E., Karrabi, M., &#38; Shafiee, A. (2026). Qualitative analysis of ω-regular objectives on robust MDPs. In <i>Proceedings of the 40th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i> (Vol. 40, pp. 36137–36145). Singapore, Singapore: Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40931\">https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40931</a>","ieee":"A. Asadi, K. Chatterjee, E. Goharshady, M. Karrabi, and A. Shafiee, “Qualitative analysis of ω-regular objectives on robust MDPs,” in <i>Proceedings of the 40th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>, Singapore, Singapore, 2026, vol. 40, no. 43, pp. 36137–36145.","ista":"Asadi A, Chatterjee K, Goharshady E, Karrabi M, Shafiee A. 2026. Qualitative analysis of ω-regular objectives on robust MDPs. Proceedings of the 40th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI: Conference on Artificial Intelligence vol. 40, 36137–36145."},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40931","page":"36137-36145","external_id":{"arxiv":["2505.04539"]},"arxiv":1,"oa":1,"ec_funded":1,"author":[{"last_name":"Asadi","full_name":"Asadi, Ali","first_name":"Ali","id":"02d96aae-000e-11ec-b801-cadd0a5eefbb"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","first_name":"Krishnendu","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Chatterjee"},{"full_name":"Kafshdar Goharshadi, Ehsan","first_name":"Ehsan","orcid":"0000-0002-8595-0587","id":"103b4fa0-896a-11ed-bdf8-87b697bef40d","last_name":"Kafshdar Goharshadi"},{"first_name":"Mehrdad","full_name":"Karrabi, Mehrdad","orcid":"0009-0007-5253-9170","id":"67638922-f394-11eb-9cf6-f20423e08757","last_name":"Karrabi"},{"last_name":"Shafiee","id":"2783031a-7378-11f0-b2d0-f17f1db2ebad","full_name":"Shafiee, Ali","first_name":"Ali"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"KrCh"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-16T07:27:43Z","project":[{"_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"863818"},{"grant_number":"COE12","_id":"4029cfc7-b034-11f1-9e55-88ab2ff3b6ee","name":"Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Chatterjee)"}],"publication_status":"published","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2159-5399"],"eissn":["2374-3468"]},"month":"03","quality_controlled":"1","issue":"43","volume":40,"publication":"Proceedings of the 40th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","day":"14","doi":"10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40931","oa_version":"Preprint","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Robust Markov Decision Processes (RMDPs) generalize classical MDPs that consider uncertainties in transition probabilities by defining a set of possible transition functions. An objective is a set of runs (or infinite trajectories) of the RMDP, and the value for an objective is the maximal probability that the agent can guarantee against the adversarial environment. We consider (a) reachability objectives, where given a target set of states, the goal is to eventually arrive at one of them; and (b) parity objectives, which are a canonical representation for ω-regular objectives. The qualitative analysis problem asks whether the objective can be ensured with probability 1. In this work, we study the qualitative problem for reachability and parity objectives on RMDPs without making any assumption over the structures of the RMDPs, e.g., unichain or aperiodic. Our contributions are twofold. We first present efficient algorithms with oracle access to uncertainty sets that solve qualitative problems of reachability and parity objectives. We then report experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of our oracle-based approach on classical RMDP examples from the literature scaling up to thousands of states."}],"OA_type":"green","scopus_import":"1","title":"Qualitative analysis of ω-regular objectives on robust MDPs","OA_place":"repository","_id":"21717","year":"2026","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.04539","open_access":"1"}],"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by ERC CoG 863818 (ForMSMArt) and Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE12. We also thank Hossein Zakerinia for his helpful feedback.","date_published":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","conference":{"start_date":"2026-01-20","location":"Singapore, Singapore","name":"AAAI: Conference on Artificial Intelligence","end_date":"2026-01-27"},"type":"conference","status":"public"},{"project":[{"_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"863818"},{"name":"Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Chatterjee)","_id":"4029cfc7-b034-11f1-9e55-88ab2ff3b6ee","grant_number":"COE12"}],"publication_status":"published","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2374-3468"],"issn":["2159-5399"]},"month":"03","quality_controlled":"1","issue":"43","publication":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","volume":40,"day":"14","doi":"10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40932","oa_version":"Preprint","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are a central model for uncertainty in sequential decision making. The most basic objective is the reachability objective, where a target set must be eventually visited, and the more general parity objectives can model all omega-regular specifications. For such objectives, the computational analysis problems are the following: (a) qualitative analysis that asks whether the objective can be satisfied with probability 1 (almost-sure winning) or probability arbitrarily close to 1 (limit-sure winning); and (b) quantitative analysis that asks for the approximation of the optimal probability of satisfying the objective. For general POMDPs, almost-sure analysis for reachability objectives is EXPTIME-complete, but limit-sure and quantitative analyses for reachability objectives are undecidable; almost-sure, limit-sure, and quantitative analyses for parity objectives are all undecidable. A special class of POMDPs, called revealing POMDPs, has been studied recently in several works, and for this subclass the almost-sure analysis for parity objectives was shown to be EXPTIME-complete. In this work, we show that for revealing POMDPs the limit-sure analysis for parity objectives is EXPTIME-complete, and even the quantitative analysis for parity objectives can be achieved in EXPTIME."}],"OA_type":"green","scopus_import":"1","title":"Revealing POMDPs: Qualitative and quantitative analysis for parity objectives","OA_place":"repository","_id":"21722","year":"2026","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.13134","open_access":"1"}],"acknowledgement":"This work was partially supported by the ANRT under the French CIFRE Ph.D program in collaboration between NyxAir and Paris-Dauphine University (Contract: CIFRE N° 2022/0513), by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) under reference ANR-21-CE40-\r\n0020 (CONVERGENCE project), by Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE12, and by the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt) grant.","date_published":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","conference":{"start_date":"2026-01-20","location":"Singapore, Singapore","name":"AAAI: Conference on Artificial Intelligence","end_date":"2026-01-27"},"type":"conference","status":"public","publisher":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","date_created":"2026-04-12T22:01:52Z","intvolume":"        40","citation":{"mla":"Asadi, Ali, et al. “Revealing POMDPs: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis for Parity Objectives.” <i>Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>, vol. 40, no. 43, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2026, pp. 36146–54, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40932\">10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40932</a>.","chicago":"Asadi, Ali, Krishnendu Chatterjee, David Lurie, and Raimundo J Saona Urmeneta. “Revealing POMDPs: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis for Parity Objectives.” In <i>Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>, 40:36146–54. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40932\">https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40932</a>.","short":"A. Asadi, K. Chatterjee, D. Lurie, R.J. Saona Urmeneta, in:, Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2026, pp. 36146–36154.","ama":"Asadi A, Chatterjee K, Lurie D, Saona Urmeneta RJ. Revealing POMDPs: Qualitative and quantitative analysis for parity objectives. In: <i>Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>. Vol 40. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence; 2026:36146-36154. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40932\">10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40932</a>","apa":"Asadi, A., Chatterjee, K., Lurie, D., &#38; Saona Urmeneta, R. J. (2026). Revealing POMDPs: Qualitative and quantitative analysis for parity objectives. In <i>Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i> (Vol. 40, pp. 36146–36154). Singapore, Singapore: Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40932\">https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40932</a>","ieee":"A. Asadi, K. Chatterjee, D. Lurie, and R. J. Saona Urmeneta, “Revealing POMDPs: Qualitative and quantitative analysis for parity objectives,” in <i>Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>, Singapore, Singapore, 2026, vol. 40, no. 43, pp. 36146–36154.","ista":"Asadi A, Chatterjee K, Lurie D, Saona Urmeneta RJ. 2026. Revealing POMDPs: Qualitative and quantitative analysis for parity objectives. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI: Conference on Artificial Intelligence vol. 40, 36146–36154."},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i43.40932","corr_author":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2511.13134"]},"page":"36146-36154","oa":1,"arxiv":1,"ec_funded":1,"author":[{"last_name":"Asadi","full_name":"Asadi, Ali","first_name":"Ali","id":"02d96aae-000e-11ec-b801-cadd0a5eefbb"},{"last_name":"Chatterjee","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","first_name":"Krishnendu","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"},{"first_name":"David","full_name":"Lurie, David","id":"579a6c20-34cf-11f1-acbd-8c2f19cdb4da","last_name":"Lurie"},{"id":"BD1DF4C4-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","full_name":"Saona Urmeneta, Raimundo J","first_name":"Raimundo J","orcid":"0000-0001-5103-038X","last_name":"Saona Urmeneta"}],"department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-16T07:28:33Z"},{"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"alternative_title":["LIPIcs"],"date_created":"2026-06-28T22:01:34Z","publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik","corr_author":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2511.17994"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.FORC.2026.2","citation":{"mla":"Kalinin, Nikita, and Joel D. Andersson. “Learning Rate Scheduling with Matrix Factorization for Private Training.” <i>7th Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing</i>, vol. 368, 2:1-2:21, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.FORC.2026.2\">10.4230/LIPIcs.FORC.2026.2</a>.","chicago":"Kalinin, Nikita, and Joel D Andersson. “Learning Rate Scheduling with Matrix Factorization for Private Training.” In <i>7th Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing</i>, Vol. 368. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.FORC.2026.2\">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.FORC.2026.2</a>.","short":"N. Kalinin, J.D. Andersson, in:, 7th Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026.","apa":"Kalinin, N., &#38; Andersson, J. D. (2026). Learning rate scheduling with matrix factorization for private training. In <i>7th Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing</i> (Vol. 368). Cambridge, MA; United States: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.FORC.2026.2\">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.FORC.2026.2</a>","ama":"Kalinin N, Andersson JD. Learning rate scheduling with matrix factorization for private training. In: <i>7th Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing</i>. Vol 368. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik; 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.FORC.2026.2\">10.4230/LIPIcs.FORC.2026.2</a>","ista":"Kalinin N, Andersson JD. 2026. Learning rate scheduling with matrix factorization for private training. 7th Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing. FORC: Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing, LIPIcs, vol. 368, 2:1-2:21.","ieee":"N. Kalinin and J. D. Andersson, “Learning rate scheduling with matrix factorization for private training,” in <i>7th Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing</i>, Cambridge, MA; United States, 2026, vol. 368."},"intvolume":"       368","author":[{"last_name":"Kalinin","id":"4b14526e-14d2-11ed-ba64-c14c9553d137","full_name":"Kalinin, Nikita","first_name":"Nikita"},{"last_name":"Andersson","full_name":"Andersson, Joel D","first_name":"Joel D","id":"4a893819-d954-11f0-89b1-e360bad9ccc5"}],"ddc":["000"],"ec_funded":1,"arxiv":1,"oa":1,"department":[{"_id":"ChLa"},{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"MoHe"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-16T07:37:21Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"researchdata_availability":"no","quality_controlled":"1","month":"06","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9783959774192"],"eissn":["1868-8969"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","project":[{"name":"The design and evaluation of modern fully dynamic data structures","_id":"bd9ca328-d553-11ed-ba76-dc4f890cfe62","grant_number":"101019564","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"grant_number":"COE12","name":"Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Lampert)","_id":"d8f03aaa-b035-11f1-8588-d5147fa879e0"}],"publication_status":"published","supplementarymaterial":"no","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We study differentially private model training with stochastic gradient descent under learning rate scheduling and correlated noise. Although correlated noise, in particular via matrix factorizations, has been shown to improve accuracy, prior theoretical work focused primarily on the prefix-sum workload. That workload assumes a constant learning rate, whereas in practice learning rate schedules are widely used to accelerate training and improve convergence. We close this gap by deriving general upper and lower bounds for a broad class of learning rate schedules in both single- and multi-epoch settings. Building on these results, we propose a learning-rate-aware factorization that achieves improvements over prefix-sum factorizations under both MaxSE and MeanSE error metrics. Our theoretical analysis yields memory-efficient constructions suitable for practical deployment, and experiments on CIFAR-10 and IMDB datasets confirm that schedule-aware factorizations improve accuracy in private training."}],"oa_version":"Published Version","das_tickbox":"0","day":"01","doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.FORC.2026.2","volume":368,"file_date_updated":"2026-06-29T06:55:23Z","publication":"7th Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing","OA_place":"publisher","title":"Learning rate scheduling with matrix factorization for private training","scopus_import":"1","OA_type":"gold","keyword":["differential privacy","machine learning","matrix factorization"],"status":"public","type":"conference","conference":{"start_date":"2026-06-03","name":"FORC: Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing","location":"Cambridge, MA; United States","end_date":"2026-06-05"},"date_published":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"We thank Rasmus Pagh, Christoph Lampert and Jalaj Upadhyay for valuable\r\ncomments on an early draft. We thank Ryan Mckenna for a fruitful discussion on the experiment\r\ndesign. We thank Antti Honkela for sharing insights on learning rate scheduling and DP.\r\nNikita P. Kalinin: Funded in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [10.55776/COE12].\r\nJoel Daniel Andersson: Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however\r\nthose of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European\r\nResearch Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be\r\nheld responsible for them. This project has received funding from the European Research Council\r\n(ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (MoDynStruct,\r\nNo. 101019564). Additional funding by Providentia, a Data Science Distinguished Investigator grant\r\nfrom Novo Nordisk Fonden, with additional support from VILLUM Investigator grant 54451.\r\n","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2026-06-29T06:55:23Z","checksum":"c661f016d3861a1c1b590b87a744d087","file_id":"22149","file_name":"2026_LIPIcsFORC_Kalinin.pdf","file_size":1231914,"creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-06-29T06:55:23Z","relation":"main_file","success":1}],"year":"2026","article_number":"2:1-2:21","_id":"22146"},{"title":"SuperDP: Differential privacy refutation via supermartingales","OA_place":"publisher","scopus_import":"1","OA_type":"gold","keyword":["Static Program Analysis","Differential Privacy","Probabilistic Programming","Martingales"],"type":"journal_article","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"22134","relation":"research_data"}]},"status":"public","acknowledgement":"The authors would like to thank Petr Novotný for valuable discussions that helped shape this work.\r\nThis research was supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) Academic Research\r\nFund (AcRF) Tier 1 grant (Proposal ID: 25-SIS-SMU-009), Vienna Science and Technology Fund\r\n(WWTF), State of Lower Austria [Grant ID 10.47379/ICT25017], ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt),\r\nand Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE12.","date_published":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","article_number":"218","_id":"22102","year":"2026","file":[{"creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","file_size":858595,"date_updated":"2026-06-24T06:19:56Z","checksum":"994bf21d6269dabccf1e1091e02962c5","file_id":"22135","file_name":"2026_ProcACMProgrammingLanguages_Chatterjee.pdf","relation":"main_file","success":1,"date_created":"2026-06-24T06:19:56Z","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"month":"06","quality_controlled":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2475-1421"]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","dataavailabilitystatement":"The artifact supporting the findings of this study, which includes the underlying datasets, software\r\ncode, and experiments, is publicly available in Zenodo https://zenodo.org/records/19399862.","supplementarymaterial":"no","project":[{"_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"863818"},{"grant_number":"COE12","name":"Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Chatterjee)","_id":"4029cfc7-b034-11f1-9e55-88ab2ff3b6ee"}],"publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Differential privacy (DP) has established itself as one of the standards for ensuring privacy of individual data. However, reasoning about DP is a challenging and error-prone task, hence methods for formal verification and refutation of DP properties have received significant interest in recent years. In this work, we present a novel method for automated formal refutation of є-DP. Our method refutes є-DP by searching for a pair of inputs together with a non-negative function over outputs whose expected value on these two inputs differs by a significant amount. The two inputs and the non-negative function over outputs are computed simultaneously, by utilizing upper expectation supermartingales and lower expectation submartingales from probabilistic program analysis, which we leverage to introduce a sound and complete proof rule for є-DP refutation. To the best of our knowledge, our method is the first method for є-DP refutation to offer the following four desirable features: (1) it is fully automated, (2) it is applicable to stochastic mechanisms with sampling instructions from both discrete and continuous distributions, (3) it provides soundness guarantees, and (4) it provides semi-completeness guarantees. Our experiments show that our prototype tool SuperDP achieves superior performance compared to the state of the art and manages to refute є-DP for a number of challenging examples collected from the literature, including ones that were out of the reach of prior methods."}],"das_tickbox":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","day":"08","doi":"10.1145/3808296","issue":"PLDI","file_date_updated":"2026-06-24T06:19:56Z","publication":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","volume":10,"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","first_name":"Krishnendu","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Chatterjee"},{"id":"103b4fa0-896a-11ed-bdf8-87b697bef40d","full_name":"Kafshdar Goharshadi, Ehsan","first_name":"Ehsan","orcid":"0000-0002-8595-0587","last_name":"Kafshdar Goharshadi"},{"id":"294AA7A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Dorde","full_name":"Zikelic, Dorde","orcid":"0000-0002-4681-1699","last_name":"Zikelic"}],"ddc":["000"],"ec_funded":1,"oa":1,"arxiv":1,"department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-16T07:36:14Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"researchdata_availability":"yes","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"date_created":"2026-06-21T22:02:59Z","publisher":"ACM","external_id":{"arxiv":["2603.26215"]},"corr_author":"1","citation":{"ista":"Chatterjee K, Goharshady E, Zikelic D. 2026. SuperDP: Differential privacy refutation via supermartingales. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. 10(PLDI), 218.","ieee":"K. Chatterjee, E. Goharshady, and D. Zikelic, “SuperDP: Differential privacy refutation via supermartingales,” <i>Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages</i>, vol. 10, no. PLDI. ACM, 2026.","apa":"Chatterjee, K., Goharshady, E., &#38; Zikelic, D. (2026). SuperDP: Differential privacy refutation via supermartingales. <i>Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages</i>. ACM. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3808296\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3808296</a>","ama":"Chatterjee K, Goharshady E, Zikelic D. SuperDP: Differential privacy refutation via supermartingales. <i>Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages</i>. 2026;10(PLDI). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3808296\">10.1145/3808296</a>","chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Ehsan Goharshady, and Dorde Zikelic. “SuperDP: Differential Privacy Refutation via Supermartingales.” <i>Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages</i>. ACM, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3808296\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3808296</a>.","short":"K. Chatterjee, E. Goharshady, D. Zikelic, Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 10 (2026).","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “SuperDP: Differential Privacy Refutation via Supermartingales.” <i>Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages</i>, vol. 10, no. PLDI, 218, ACM, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3808296\">10.1145/3808296</a>."},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3808296","article_type":"original","intvolume":"        10"},{"publisher":"Springer Nature","DOAJ_listed":"1","date_created":"2026-06-21T22:02:59Z","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"},"intvolume":"        17","article_type":"original","citation":{"ista":"Svoboda J, Nemati H, Tkadlec J, Kaveh K, Chatterjee K. 2026. The effect of the fitness gradient on fixation probability. Nature Communications. 17, 5325.","ieee":"J. Svoboda, H. Nemati, J. Tkadlec, K. Kaveh, and K. Chatterjee, “The effect of the fitness gradient on fixation probability,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 17. Springer Nature, 2026.","ama":"Svoboda J, Nemati H, Tkadlec J, Kaveh K, Chatterjee K. The effect of the fitness gradient on fixation probability. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2026;17. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71777-2\">10.1038/s41467-026-71777-2</a>","apa":"Svoboda, J., Nemati, H., Tkadlec, J., Kaveh, K., &#38; Chatterjee, K. (2026). The effect of the fitness gradient on fixation probability. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71777-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71777-2</a>","short":"J. Svoboda, H. Nemati, J. Tkadlec, K. Kaveh, K. Chatterjee, Nature Communications 17 (2026).","chicago":"Svoboda, Jakub, Hossein Nemati, Josef Tkadlec, Kamran Kaveh, and Krishnendu Chatterjee. “The Effect of the Fitness Gradient on Fixation Probability.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71777-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71777-2</a>.","mla":"Svoboda, Jakub, et al. “The Effect of the Fitness Gradient on Fixation Probability.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 17, 5325, Springer Nature, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71777-2\">10.1038/s41467-026-71777-2</a>."},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71777-2","corr_author":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["41997932"]},"oa":1,"ec_funded":1,"ddc":["000"],"author":[{"last_name":"Svoboda","full_name":"Svoboda, Jakub","first_name":"Jakub","orcid":"0000-0002-1419-3267","id":"130759D2-D7DD-11E9-87D2-DE0DE6697425"},{"full_name":"Nemati, Hossein","first_name":"Hossein","last_name":"Nemati"},{"last_name":"Tkadlec","orcid":"0000-0002-1097-9684","first_name":"Josef","full_name":"Tkadlec, Josef","id":"3F24CCC8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Kamran","full_name":"Kaveh, Kamran","last_name":"Kaveh"},{"last_name":"Chatterjee","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X","first_name":"Krishnendu","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-16T07:36:49Z","researchdata_availability":"no","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"supplementarymaterial":"yes","publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"project":[{"name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"name":"Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Chatterjee)","_id":"4029cfc7-b034-11f1-9e55-88ab2ff3b6ee","grant_number":"COE12"}],"dataavailabilitystatement":"Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Krishnendu Chatterjee.","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_processing_charge":"Yes","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"month":"12","quality_controlled":"1","publication":"Nature Communications","volume":17,"file_date_updated":"2026-06-24T06:50:24Z","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-71777-2","day":"01","das_tickbox":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Evolutionary biology examines how the genetic and phenotypic composition\r\nof populations changes over time. An important goal is to determine the\r\nfixation probability of a single advantageous mutant that arises in a homogeneous\r\npopulation of N residents. Many real populations experience environmental\r\ngradients that cause mutations to be beneficial in some spatial\r\nregions but harmful in others. Here, we study the fixation probability of a\r\nmutant placed on a simple one-dimensional spatial structure that experiences\r\nsuch a gradient. The mutant’s fitness varies linearly from1 − s to 1 + s, whereas\r\nthe resident fitness is constant and equal to 1. The existing literature suggests\r\nthat such heterogeneity in the mutant’s fitness should lead to a decrease in its\r\nfixation probability. However, in this work, we find that small, non-negligible\r\ngradients (s < 1=√N) substantially increase the fixation probability,while larger\r\ngradients (s > (log N)/√N) substantially decrease it.Moreover, we quantify the\r\nstrength of this phenomenon analytically and we precisely delimit the range of\r\nthe gradients for which it occurs. Our computer simulations closely match\r\nthose findings. Altogether, our results indicate that subjecting a simple\r\npopulation structure to natural environmental conditions can produce strong\r\ncounterintuitive effects."}],"OA_type":"gold","scopus_import":"1","title":"The effect of the fitness gradient on fixation probability","OA_place":"publisher","_id":"22101","article_number":"5325","year":"2026","file":[{"creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","file_size":1068919,"file_name":"2026_NatureComm_Svoboda.pdf","checksum":"b660048bb271f24d6763803e247d5c32","date_updated":"2026-06-24T06:50:24Z","file_id":"22136","relation":"main_file","success":1,"date_created":"2026-06-24T06:50:24Z","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"acknowledgement":"J.S. and K.C. were supported by the European Research Council (ERC)\r\nCoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt) and Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/\r\nCOE12. J.T. was supported by GAČR grant 25-17377S and by Charles\r\nUniv. projects UNCE 24/SCI/008 and PRIMUS 24/SCI/012.","date_published":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","status":"public"},{"date_updated":"2026-09-16T07:34:44Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"SiHi"}],"author":[{"id":"a69b5985-8829-11f0-8fc2-d0af58f64471","full_name":"Varela Martínez, Irene","first_name":"Irene","last_name":"Varela Martínez"},{"last_name":"Pipicelli","id":"649134fd-d012-11ed-8f82-db1e5050f9ba","full_name":"Pipicelli, Fabrizia","first_name":"Fabrizia"},{"last_name":"Hippenmeyer","orcid":"0000-0003-2279-1061","first_name":"Simon","full_name":"Hippenmeyer, Simon","id":"37B36620-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"ddc":["570"],"oa":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["42214837"]},"corr_author":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2026.102487","citation":{"ieee":"I. Varela Martínez, F. Pipicelli, and S. Hippenmeyer, “Tracing cell lineages in the developing brain: Insights from mosaic analysis and clone-resolved transcriptomics,” <i>Current Opinion in Genetics &#38; Development</i>, vol. 99. Elsevier, 2026.","ista":"Varela Martínez I, Pipicelli F, Hippenmeyer S. 2026. Tracing cell lineages in the developing brain: Insights from mosaic analysis and clone-resolved transcriptomics. Current Opinion in Genetics &#38; Development. 99, 102487.","ama":"Varela Martínez I, Pipicelli F, Hippenmeyer S. Tracing cell lineages in the developing brain: Insights from mosaic analysis and clone-resolved transcriptomics. <i>Current Opinion in Genetics &#38; Development</i>. 2026;99. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2026.102487\">10.1016/j.gde.2026.102487</a>","apa":"Varela Martínez, I., Pipicelli, F., &#38; Hippenmeyer, S. (2026). Tracing cell lineages in the developing brain: Insights from mosaic analysis and clone-resolved transcriptomics. <i>Current Opinion in Genetics &#38; Development</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2026.102487\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2026.102487</a>","chicago":"Varela Martínez, Irene, Fabrizia Pipicelli, and Simon Hippenmeyer. “Tracing Cell Lineages in the Developing Brain: Insights from Mosaic Analysis and Clone-Resolved Transcriptomics.” <i>Current Opinion in Genetics &#38; Development</i>. Elsevier, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2026.102487\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2026.102487</a>.","short":"I. Varela Martínez, F. Pipicelli, S. Hippenmeyer, Current Opinion in Genetics &#38; Development 99 (2026).","mla":"Varela Martínez, Irene, et al. “Tracing Cell Lineages in the Developing Brain: Insights from Mosaic Analysis and Clone-Resolved Transcriptomics.” <i>Current Opinion in Genetics &#38; Development</i>, vol. 99, 102487, Elsevier, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2026.102487\">10.1016/j.gde.2026.102487</a>."},"article_type":"original","intvolume":"        99","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"date_created":"2026-06-07T22:01:35Z","publisher":"Elsevier","status":"public","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"We wish to thank all members of the Hippenmeyer laboratory at ISTA for exciting discussions on the subject of this review. We apologize to colleagues whose work we could not cite and/or discuss in the frame of the available space. Work in the Hippenmeyer laboratory on the discussed topic is supported by ISTA institutional funds, an EMBO LTF (ALTF 994–2023) to F.P., FWF SFB F78 (10.55776/F78) to S.H., and FWF Cluster of Excellence COE16 (10.55776/COE16) to S.H.","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2026.102487"}],"year":"2026","_id":"21948","article_number":"102487","OA_place":"publisher","title":"Tracing cell lineages in the developing brain: Insights from mosaic analysis and clone-resolved transcriptomics","scopus_import":"1","OA_type":"hybrid","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The cerebral cortex comprises diverse neuron and glial cell types generated by radial glial progenitors (RGPs) during development. Although RGPs broadly differentiate according to temporally and spatially regulated molecular logics, the lineage hierarchies linking individual progenitors to defined cell (sub)types are not well understood. Clone-resolved transcriptomics, combining molecular barcoding and single-cell RNA sequencing, allow high-resolution lineage tracing at the single-clone/cell level across different species and models. In this mini-review, we synthesize recent advances in this field, uncovering unexpected lineage relationships in the developing brain, with a particular focus on the cerebral cortex. We further highlight new insights into species-specific differences in the developmental programs generating cell-type diversity, linking changes in clonal architecture to lineage diversification during cortical evolution."}],"PlanS_conform":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2026.102487","day":"29","volume":99,"publication":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","quality_controlled":"1","month":"05","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1879-0380"],"issn":["0959-437X"]},"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","has_accepted_license":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_status":"epub_ahead","pmid":1,"project":[{"name":"Role of cell lineage in generating cell-type diversity in developing neocortex’","_id":"7c084566-9f16-11ee-852c-c88a1dbbf1cf","grant_number":"ALTF 994-2023"},{"grant_number":"F7805","_id":"059F6AB4-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","name":"Stem Cell Modulation in Neural Development and Regeneration/ P05-Molecular Mechanisms of Neural Stem Cell Lineage Progression"},{"grant_number":"COE16","_id":"9e227eae-b037-11f1-b1e2-fb7da760c1dd","name":"Neuronal circuits in health and disease (Hippenmeyer)"}]},{"title":"SuperDP: Differential Privacy Refutation via Supermartingales","OA_place":"repository","author":[{"last_name":"Chatterjee","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Krishnendu","full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X"},{"last_name":"Kafshdar Goharshadi","id":"103b4fa0-896a-11ed-bdf8-87b697bef40d","first_name":"Ehsan","full_name":"Kafshdar Goharshadi, Ehsan","orcid":"0000-0002-8595-0587"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4681-1699","first_name":"Dorde","full_name":"Zikelic, Dorde","id":"294AA7A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Zikelic"}],"ddc":["000"],"OA_type":"green","oa":1,"type":"research_data_reference","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"used_in_publication","id":"22102","status":"public"}]},"status":"public","date_published":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","date_updated":"2026-09-16T07:36:13Z","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.18930113","open_access":"1"}],"_id":"22134","year":"2026","month":"03","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2026-06-24T06:25:29Z","publisher":"Zenodo","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This artifact provides the source code, benchmarks, and scripts necessary to build and reproduce the experimental results for `SuperDP` (Accepted at PLDI 2026). It also includes instructions for running the tool on user-provided inputs."}],"corr_author":"1","citation":{"short":"K. Chatterjee, E. Goharshady, D. Zikelic, (2026).","chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Ehsan Goharshady, and Dorde Zikelic. “SuperDP: Differential Privacy Refutation via Supermartingales.” Zenodo, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.18930113\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.18930113</a>.","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. <i>SuperDP: Differential Privacy Refutation via Supermartingales</i>. Zenodo, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.18930113\">10.5281/ZENODO.18930113</a>.","ieee":"K. Chatterjee, E. Goharshady, and D. Zikelic, “SuperDP: Differential Privacy Refutation via Supermartingales.” Zenodo, 2026.","ista":"Chatterjee K, Goharshady E, Zikelic D. 2026. SuperDP: Differential Privacy Refutation via Supermartingales, Zenodo, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.18930113\">10.5281/ZENODO.18930113</a>.","ama":"Chatterjee K, Goharshady E, Zikelic D. SuperDP: Differential Privacy Refutation via Supermartingales. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.18930113\">10.5281/ZENODO.18930113</a>","apa":"Chatterjee, K., Goharshady, E., &#38; Zikelic, D. (2026). SuperDP: Differential Privacy Refutation via Supermartingales. Zenodo. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.18930113\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.18930113</a>"},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.18930113","oa_version":"Published Version","day":"09","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.18930113"},{"intvolume":"        16","article_type":"original","citation":{"mla":"Andres Juanes, Alejandro, et al. “Distributing Stationary Qubit Entanglement through a Nonlocal Squeezed Reservoir.” <i>Physical Review X</i>, vol. 16, no. 3, 031005, American Physical Society, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/r4jt-j39w\">10.1103/r4jt-j39w</a>.","chicago":"Andres Juanes, Alejandro, J. Agustí, Riya Sett, Elena Redchenko, Lucky Kapoor, Samarth Hawaldar, P. Rabl, and Johannes M Fink. “Distributing Stationary Qubit Entanglement through a Nonlocal Squeezed Reservoir.” <i>Physical Review X</i>. American Physical Society, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/r4jt-j39w\">https://doi.org/10.1103/r4jt-j39w</a>.","short":"A. Andres Juanes, J. Agustí, R. Sett, E. Redchenko, L. Kapoor, S. Hawaldar, P. Rabl, J.M. Fink, Physical Review X 16 (2026).","ama":"Andres Juanes A, Agustí J, Sett R, et al. Distributing stationary qubit entanglement through a nonlocal squeezed reservoir. <i>Physical Review X</i>. 2026;16(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/r4jt-j39w\">10.1103/r4jt-j39w</a>","apa":"Andres Juanes, A., Agustí, J., Sett, R., Redchenko, E., Kapoor, L., Hawaldar, S., … Fink, J. M. (2026). Distributing stationary qubit entanglement through a nonlocal squeezed reservoir. <i>Physical Review X</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/r4jt-j39w\">https://doi.org/10.1103/r4jt-j39w</a>","ieee":"A. Andres Juanes <i>et al.</i>, “Distributing stationary qubit entanglement through a nonlocal squeezed reservoir,” <i>Physical Review X</i>, vol. 16, no. 3. American Physical Society, 2026.","ista":"Andres Juanes A, Agustí J, Sett R, Redchenko E, Kapoor L, Hawaldar S, Rabl P, Fink JM. 2026. Distributing stationary qubit entanglement through a nonlocal squeezed reservoir. Physical Review X. 16(3), 031005."},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/r4jt-j39w","corr_author":"1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"publisher":"American Physical Society","DOAJ_listed":"1","date_created":"2026-08-03T13:19:31Z","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-16T07:38:20Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"researchdata_availability":"yes","oa":1,"ddc":["530"],"author":[{"last_name":"Andres Juanes","id":"7601fd3a-5355-11ee-ae5a-a20ca6f3cfb9","first_name":"Alejandro","full_name":"Andres Juanes, Alejandro"},{"full_name":"Agustí, J.","first_name":"J.","last_name":"Agustí"},{"last_name":"Sett","orcid":"0000-0001-7641-8348","first_name":"Riya","full_name":"Sett, Riya","id":"2E6D040E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Elena","full_name":"Redchenko, Elena","last_name":"Redchenko"},{"id":"84b9700b-15b2-11ec-abd3-831089e67615","orcid":"0000-0001-8319-2148","first_name":"Lucky","full_name":"Kapoor, Lucky","last_name":"Kapoor"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-1965-4309","first_name":"Samarth","full_name":"Hawaldar, Samarth","id":"221708e1-1ff6-11ee-9fa6-85146607433e","last_name":"Hawaldar"},{"first_name":"P.","full_name":"Rabl, P.","last_name":"Rabl"},{"id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Johannes M","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","last_name":"Fink"}],"issue":"3","file_date_updated":"2026-08-04T05:40:41Z","publication":"Physical Review X","volume":16,"doi":"10.1103/r4jt-j39w","day":"13","das_tickbox":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","PlanS_conform":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The distribution of entanglement across distant qubits is a central challenge for the operation of scalable quantum computers and large-scale quantum networks. Existing approaches rely on deterministic state transfer, or probabilistic protocols that require active control or measurements and postselection. Here, we demonstrate a fundamentally different, fully autonomous process, where two remote qubits are entangled through their coupling to a quantum-correlated photonic reservoir. In our experiment, a Josephson parametric converter produces a Gaussian, continuous-variable entangled state of propagating microwave fields that drives two spatially separated superconducting transmon qubits into a stationary, discrete-variable entangled state. We also show how qubit tomography unlocks a direct and sensitive verification of two-mode squeezing in the microwave domain. These results establish networks of qubits interfaced with distributed continuous-variable entangled states as a powerful platform for foundational studies and quantum-technology applications."}],"supplementarymaterial":"yes","publication_status":"published","project":[{"grant_number":"F07105","name":"QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration of Superconducting Quantum Circuits","_id":"bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f"},{"grant_number":"101089099","_id":"bdadfa0d-d553-11ed-ba76-fb85edbd456a","name":"Cavity Quantum Electro Optics: Microwave photonics with nonclassical states"},{"_id":"92af0f81-16d5-11f0-9cad-924b22d6a876","name":"Quantum Science Austria (Fink)","grant_number":"COE01"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","dataavailabilitystatement":"The data that support the findings of this article are openly available  https://zenodo.org/records/19099731.","article_processing_charge":"Yes","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2160-3308"]},"month":"07","quality_controlled":"1","_id":"22637","article_number":"031005","year":"2026","file":[{"success":1,"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-08-04T05:40:41Z","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2026-08-04T05:40:41Z","file_id":"22640","checksum":"2bab109f975545d096c21dd72c738b6e","file_name":"2026_PhysicalReviewX_AndresJuanes.pdf","file_size":5301241,"access_level":"open_access"}],"date_published":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"We thank A. Trioni and C. N. Borja for assistance in device fabrication, C. Siegele for fruitful discussions, IBM for donating the JPC used in this work, and the MIBA machine shop and the ISTA nanofabrication facility for technical support. This work was funded in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through the excellence cluster quantA 10.55776/COE1 and the SFB BeyondC 10.55776/F71, as well as the European Union—NextGenerationEU, and ISTA. J. F. and L. K. acknowledge support from the Horizon Europe Program HORIZON-CL4-2022-QUANTUM-01-SGA via Project No. 101113946 OpenSuperQPlus100, and J. F. from the European Research Council No. 101089099 (ERC CoG cQEO). J. A. acknowledges support from the QUANTERA project MOLAR with reference No. PCI2024-153449, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union. This research is part of the Munich Quantum Valley, which is supported by the Bavarian state government with funds from the Hightech Agenda Bayern Plus.","related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"press_release","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/quantum-bath-syncs-distant-qubits/","description":"News on ISTA website"}]},"type":"journal_article","status":"public","OA_type":"gold","scopus_import":"1","title":"Distributing stationary qubit entanglement through a nonlocal squeezed reservoir","OA_place":"publisher"},{"das_tickbox":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","abstract":[{"text":"When charge flows through a molecular circuit, it induces a magnetic field that allows the circuit to behave as a nanoscale electromagnet. However, in single-molecule circuits this magnetic field is usually weak. Here we show that radially π-conjugated carbon structures can support amplified circulating currents that generate local magnetic fields. Within tight-binding and density functional theory (DFT) frameworks, we first study cycloparaphenylene (CPP) junctions where both electrodes are attached to the same phenylene unit on the nanohoop. We observe an energy-dependent ring current component that traverses the whole macrocycle by mapping the local current density. Importantly, we find that destructive interference near degenerate resonances can reverse the ring current direction and amplify it strongly relative to the source–drain current. We show that this interference-driven design principle is general, and also carries over to C60 junctions. In fullerene, lower-lying degenerate resonances are more easily accessible through electrostatic gating, reaching a magnetic field of 14.2 mT under a 100 mV source–drain bias. This work thus provides new insights into ring currents in radially π-conjugated carbon structures and highlights their potential as design platforms for single-molecule electromagnets.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Nature Communications","volume":17,"file_date_updated":"2026-08-20T06:33:50Z","day":"06","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-74365-6","has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"month":"08","quality_controlled":"1","supplementarymaterial":"yes","publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"project":[{"grant_number":"COE05","name":"Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (Venkataraman)","_id":"a07c44b9-b033-11f1-8138-d55edbd80687"}],"dataavailabilitystatement":"The data generated in this study have been deposited in the Code Ocean capsule. The capsule contains the FHI-aims and AITRANSS output matrices used for post-processing, precomputed cache files, and optimized atomic coordinate files. These data are sufficient to reproduce the results reported in the paper. The code used to reproduce the local-current and magnetic-field analyses is available in the Code Ocean capsule. The capsule includes Python scripts for post-processing DFT output matrices and Mathematica notebooks for tight-binding calculations and reproducing visualizations.","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","acknowledgement":"The authors thank Jascha Repp from the University of Regensburg for helpful discussions. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Mark Ratner in appreciation of the encouragement offered many years ago, and whose influence had endured ever since. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant NSF-DMR 2241180 and the Institute of Science and Technology Austria. The collaboration between L.V., R.K., and F.E. was supported by the Humboldt Foundation. This research was funded in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [10.55776/COE5] (Cluster of Excellence MECS).","date_published":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","status":"public","_id":"22711","article_number":"7916","year":"2026","file":[{"relation":"main_file","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-08-20T06:33:50Z","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","checksum":"3f578b67037425a7c5d21922807b23df","file_name":"2026_NatureComm_Shi.pdf","file_id":"22741","date_updated":"2026-08-20T06:33:50Z","file_size":1790013}],"scopus_import":"1","title":"Designing effective single-molecule electromagnets with radially π-conjugated carbon structures","OA_place":"publisher","OA_type":"gold","citation":{"mla":"Shi, Wanzhuo, et al. “Designing Effective Single-Molecule Electromagnets with Radially π-Conjugated Carbon Structures.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 17, 7916, Springer Nature, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74365-6\">10.1038/s41467-026-74365-6</a>.","chicago":"Shi, Wanzhuo, Richard Korytár, Ferdinand Evers, John D. Tovar, and Latha Venkataraman. “Designing Effective Single-Molecule Electromagnets with Radially π-Conjugated Carbon Structures.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74365-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74365-6</a>.","short":"W. Shi, R. Korytár, F. Evers, J.D. Tovar, L. Venkataraman, Nature Communications 17 (2026).","ama":"Shi W, Korytár R, Evers F, Tovar JD, Venkataraman L. Designing effective single-molecule electromagnets with radially π-conjugated carbon structures. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2026;17. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74365-6\">10.1038/s41467-026-74365-6</a>","apa":"Shi, W., Korytár, R., Evers, F., Tovar, J. D., &#38; Venkataraman, L. (2026). Designing effective single-molecule electromagnets with radially π-conjugated carbon structures. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74365-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74365-6</a>","ieee":"W. Shi, R. Korytár, F. Evers, J. D. Tovar, and L. Venkataraman, “Designing effective single-molecule electromagnets with radially π-conjugated carbon structures,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 17. Springer Nature, 2026.","ista":"Shi W, Korytár R, Evers F, Tovar JD, Venkataraman L. 2026. Designing effective single-molecule electromagnets with radially π-conjugated carbon structures. Nature Communications. 17, 7916."},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74365-6","corr_author":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["42277037"]},"intvolume":"        17","article_type":"original","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"},"publisher":"Springer Nature","DOAJ_listed":"1","date_created":"2026-08-16T22:01:42Z","researchdata_availability":"yes","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"LaVe"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-16T07:38:44Z","ddc":["530"],"author":[{"first_name":"Wanzhuo","full_name":"Shi, Wanzhuo","id":"a3010425-87c8-11f0-8106-bec32bea74da","last_name":"Shi"},{"full_name":"Korytár, Richard","first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Korytár"},{"full_name":"Evers, Ferdinand","first_name":"Ferdinand","last_name":"Evers"},{"last_name":"Tovar","first_name":"John D.","full_name":"Tovar, John D."},{"id":"9ebb78a5-cc0d-11ee-8322-fae086a32caf","orcid":"0000-0002-6957-6089","full_name":"Venkataraman, Latha","first_name":"Latha","last_name":"Venkataraman"}],"oa":1},{"ddc":["571","573"],"author":[{"last_name":"Lin","first_name":"Peipeng","full_name":"Lin, Peipeng","id":"7E3060D0-A92C-11E9-A326-26C8E5697425"}],"ec_funded":1,"date_updated":"2026-09-16T07:39:42Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"PeJo"}],"researchdata_availability":"upon request","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"},"alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"PreCl"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"date_created":"2026-08-18T15:23:41Z","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22735","citation":{"ieee":"P. Lin, “Calibrating the teacher synapse: Mechanisms and functional significance of presynaptic inhibition at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","ista":"Lin P. 2026. Calibrating the teacher synapse: Mechanisms and functional significance of presynaptic inhibition at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","apa":"Lin, P. (2026). <i>Calibrating the teacher synapse: Mechanisms and functional significance of presynaptic inhibition at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22735\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22735</a>","ama":"Lin P. Calibrating the teacher synapse: Mechanisms and functional significance of presynaptic inhibition at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22735\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-22735</a>","chicago":"Lin, Peipeng. “Calibrating the Teacher Synapse: Mechanisms and Functional Significance of Presynaptic Inhibition at Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Synapses.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22735\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22735</a>.","short":"P. Lin, Calibrating the Teacher Synapse: Mechanisms and Functional Significance of Presynaptic Inhibition at Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Synapses, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","mla":"Lin, Peipeng. <i>Calibrating the Teacher Synapse: Mechanisms and Functional Significance of Presynaptic Inhibition at Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Synapses</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22735\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-22735</a>."},"page":"88","corr_author":"1","OA_place":"publisher","title":"Calibrating the teacher synapse: Mechanisms and functional significance of presynaptic inhibition at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses","acknowledgement":"This project was supported by the following funding agencies: ERC under the European\r\nUnion's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERC Advanced Grants No 692692\r\n“GIANTSYN” and 101199096 “CA3-SYNGRAM” to P.J.), the Fonds zur Förderung der\r\nwissenschaftlichen Forschung (P 36232-B, stand-alone grant, PAT 4178023, principal\r\ninvestigator project, and 10.55776/CoE 16 “GABA neurons” to P.J.), and the European Union’s\r\nHorizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant\r\nagreement (No 101034413, to K.L.).","date_published":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","status":"public","type":"dissertation","year":"2026","file":[{"relation":"main_file","embargo_to":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-08-26T10:09:48Z","embargo":"2027-09-01","creator":"plin","access_level":"closed","file_name":"2026_Lin_Peipeng_Thesis.pdf","checksum":"13cc7ead72aad90a134f310b531c73cd","date_updated":"2026-08-26T10:09:48Z","file_id":"22765","file_size":6376229},{"file_size":17681883,"date_updated":"2026-08-26T10:09:53Z","checksum":"8c9c1445a7df284377be1a8c9dadd7c5","file_name":"2026_Lin_Peipeng_Thesis.docx","file_id":"22766","access_level":"closed","creator":"plin","date_created":"2026-08-26T10:09:53Z","content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","relation":"source_file"}],"degree_awarded":"PhD","_id":"22735","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-99078-088-6"],"issn":["2663-337X"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","month":"08","project":[{"grant_number":"692692","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Biophysics and circuit function of a giant cortical glutamatergic synapse","_id":"25B7EB9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"Synaptic mechanisms of engram storage and retrieval in CA3 hippocampal microcircuits","_id":"e62b56fe-ab3c-11f0-94c7-d181dd352b3b","grant_number":"101199096"},{"_id":"bd88be38-d553-11ed-ba76-81d5a70a6ef5","name":"Mechanisms of GABA release in hippocampal circuits","grant_number":"P36232"},{"grant_number":"PAT 4178023","_id":"8d9195e9-16d5-11f0-9cad-d075be887a1e","name":"Synaptic networks of human brain"},{"name":"IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program","_id":"fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c","grant_number":"101034413","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"name":"Neuronal circuits in health and disease (Jonas)","_id":"0a6c8641-b036-11f1-bacf-e4eec62b5bb4","grant_number":"COE16"}],"publication_status":"published","doi_confirm":"1","supplementarymaterial":"yes","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","das_tickbox":"0","supervisor":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804","first_name":"Peter M","full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Jonas"}],"file_date_updated":"2026-08-26T10:09:53Z","day":"25","doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-22735"},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In the imprecise geometry model, the input is a family of regions F = (R₁, R₂, …,R_n), each containing a point p_i ∈ R_i. The task is then to compute some function of the points p₁,p₂,… p_n, in our case an implicit representation of their Pareto front. To this end, one may query a region R_i to retrieve its contained point p_i ∈ R_i. In this model, efficiency is interpreted in two ways: minimizing (i) the number of retrievals, and (ii) the computation time both for preprocessing, and the execution of the query stage, i.e. for computing which points to query and constructing the output. \r\nWe present an algorithm to construct (an implicit representation of) the Pareto front for possibly overlapping rectangles, that is instance-optimal with respect to the number of retrievals. This means that for every fixed input (F, P), there is no algorithm that retrieves asymptotically fewer regions to compute the output. This is a strong algorithmic quality, as it means that our algorithm is competitive even to clairvoyant algorithms which only have to verify the correctness of a correct guess. In terms of algorithmic running time, instance-optimality is provably unobtainable. We instead present an algorithm which is within a log n-factor of instance optimality. This generalizes earlier results which assumed the regions to not overlap, at only a minor cost in running time. \r\nFor unit squares, we present an algorithm that is not only instance optimal in the number of retrievals, but also universally optimal in terms of running time. This means that for any fixed set of regions F, no algorithm has a better worst-case running time for all possible point sets P. Thus, this work presents the first universally optimal algorithm for overlapping planar input. Compared to previous work, our result improves the degree to which the input regions may overlap, the preprocessing time, the number of retrievals, and the running time."}],"oa_version":"Published Version","das_tickbox":"0","doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.106","day":"25","publication":"34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms","file_date_updated":"2026-09-16T08:58:04Z","volume":388,"quality_controlled":"1","month":"08","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1868-8969"],"isbn":["9783959774451"]},"article_processing_charge":"Yes","has_accepted_license":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_status":"published","supplementarymaterial":"no","status":"public","type":"conference","conference":{"end_date":"2026-09-04","name":"ESA: European Symposium on Algorithms","location":"L’Aquila, Italy","start_date":"2026-08-31"},"date_published":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the the VILLUM Foundation grant (VIL37507) \"Efficient Recomputations for Changeful Problems\".","file":[{"success":1,"relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-09-16T08:58:04Z","content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","file_size":1102214,"file_id":"22935","date_updated":"2026-09-16T08:58:04Z","checksum":"75cfae9e9773be4b06f9aab66041f0f3","file_name":"2026_LIPIcsESA_deBerg.pdf","access_level":"open_access"}],"year":"2026","article_number":"106","_id":"22916","OA_place":"publisher","title":"Instance optimal and universally optimal bounds for imprecise pareto fronts","scopus_import":"1","OA_type":"gold","keyword":["Pareto front","imprecise geometry","instance optimality","universal optimality","preprocessing model","partial information"],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2605.07523"]},"corr_author":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.106","citation":{"chicago":"De Berg, Sarita, Nynne Maria Foldager Bække, Frida Astrup Eriksen, Ivor Van Der Hoog, Eva Rotenberg, and Daniel P Rutschmann. “Instance Optimal and Universally Optimal Bounds for Imprecise Pareto Fronts.” In <i>34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i>, Vol. 388. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.106\">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.106</a>.","short":"S. De Berg, N.M.F. Bække, F.A. Eriksen, I. Van Der Hoog, E. Rotenberg, D.P. Rutschmann, in:, 34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026.","mla":"De Berg, Sarita, et al. “Instance Optimal and Universally Optimal Bounds for Imprecise Pareto Fronts.” <i>34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i>, vol. 388, 106, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.106\">10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.106</a>.","ieee":"S. De Berg, N. M. F. Bække, F. A. Eriksen, I. Van Der Hoog, E. Rotenberg, and D. P. Rutschmann, “Instance optimal and universally optimal bounds for imprecise pareto fronts,” in <i>34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i>, L’Aquila, Italy, 2026, vol. 388.","ista":"De Berg S, Bække NMF, Eriksen FA, Van Der Hoog I, Rotenberg E, Rutschmann DP. 2026. Instance optimal and universally optimal bounds for imprecise pareto fronts. 34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms. ESA: European Symposium on Algorithms, LIPIcs, vol. 388, 106.","ama":"De Berg S, Bække NMF, Eriksen FA, Van Der Hoog I, Rotenberg E, Rutschmann DP. Instance optimal and universally optimal bounds for imprecise pareto fronts. In: <i>34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i>. Vol 388. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik; 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.106\">10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.106</a>","apa":"De Berg, S., Bække, N. M. F., Eriksen, F. A., Van Der Hoog, I., Rotenberg, E., &#38; Rutschmann, D. P. (2026). Instance optimal and universally optimal bounds for imprecise pareto fronts. In <i>34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i> (Vol. 388). L’Aquila, Italy: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.106\">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.106</a>"},"intvolume":"       388","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"alternative_title":["LIPIcs"],"date_created":"2026-09-13T22:01:52Z","publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"researchdata_availability":"no","department":[{"_id":"MoHe"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-16T08:59:49Z","author":[{"last_name":"De Berg","first_name":"Sarita","full_name":"De Berg, Sarita"},{"last_name":"Bække","full_name":"Bække, Nynne Maria Foldager","first_name":"Nynne Maria Foldager"},{"last_name":"Eriksen","full_name":"Eriksen, Frida Astrup","first_name":"Frida Astrup"},{"full_name":"Van Der Hoog, Ivor","first_name":"Ivor","last_name":"Van Der Hoog"},{"first_name":"Eva","full_name":"Rotenberg, Eva","last_name":"Rotenberg"},{"full_name":"Rutschmann, Daniel P","first_name":"Daniel P","id":"7397d908-b582-11f0-bf73-88b902e86527","last_name":"Rutschmann"}],"ddc":["000"],"arxiv":1,"oa":1},{"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"date_created":"2026-09-06T22:01:57Z","DOAJ_listed":"1","publisher":"EDP Sciences","external_id":{"arxiv":["2601.14403"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557960","citation":{"ieee":"J. Müller-Horn <i>et al.</i>, “Ultraviolet spectroscopy reveals a hot and luminous companion to the Be star+black hole candidate MWC 656,” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 708. EDP Sciences, 2026.","ista":"Müller-Horn J, Ramachandran V, El-Badry K, Sander AAC, Bodensteiner JK, Gies DR, Götberg YLL, Rivinius T, Shenar T, Schösser EC, Wang L, Bieryla A, Buchhave LA, Latham DW. 2026. Ultraviolet spectroscopy reveals a hot and luminous companion to the Be star+black hole candidate MWC 656. Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics. 708, A187.","ama":"Müller-Horn J, Ramachandran V, El-Badry K, et al. Ultraviolet spectroscopy reveals a hot and luminous companion to the Be star+black hole candidate MWC 656. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. 2026;708. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557960\">10.1051/0004-6361/202557960</a>","apa":"Müller-Horn, J., Ramachandran, V., El-Badry, K., Sander, A. A. C., Bodensteiner, J. K., Gies, D. R., … Latham, D. W. (2026). Ultraviolet spectroscopy reveals a hot and luminous companion to the Be star+black hole candidate MWC 656. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557960\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557960</a>","chicago":"Müller-Horn, Johanna, Varsha Ramachandran, Kareem El-Badry, Andreas A.C. Sander, Julia K Bodensteiner, Douglas R. Gies, Ylva Louise Linsdotter Götberg, et al. “Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Reveals a Hot and Luminous Companion to the Be Star+black Hole Candidate MWC 656.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557960\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557960</a>.","short":"J. Müller-Horn, V. Ramachandran, K. El-Badry, A.A.C. Sander, J.K. Bodensteiner, D.R. Gies, Y.L.L. Götberg, T. Rivinius, T. Shenar, E.C. Schösser, L. Wang, A. Bieryla, L.A. Buchhave, D.W. Latham, Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics 708 (2026).","mla":"Müller-Horn, Johanna, et al. “Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Reveals a Hot and Luminous Companion to the Be Star+black Hole Candidate MWC 656.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 708, A187, EDP Sciences, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557960\">10.1051/0004-6361/202557960</a>."},"article_type":"original","intvolume":"       708","author":[{"last_name":"Müller-Horn","full_name":"Müller-Horn, Johanna","first_name":"Johanna"},{"first_name":"Varsha","full_name":"Ramachandran, Varsha","last_name":"Ramachandran"},{"full_name":"El-Badry, Kareem","first_name":"Kareem","last_name":"El-Badry"},{"last_name":"Sander","full_name":"Sander, Andreas A.C.","first_name":"Andreas A.C."},{"id":"48162413-c59a-11ee-a1af-dbba36c8a756","first_name":"Julia K","full_name":"Bodensteiner, Julia K","last_name":"Bodensteiner"},{"first_name":"Douglas R.","full_name":"Gies, Douglas R.","last_name":"Gies"},{"last_name":"Götberg","orcid":"0000-0002-6960-6911","full_name":"Götberg, Ylva Louise Linsdotter","first_name":"Ylva Louise Linsdotter","id":"d0648d0c-0f64-11ee-a2e0-dd0faa2e4f7d"},{"last_name":"Rivinius","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Rivinius, Thomas"},{"last_name":"Shenar","first_name":"Tomer","full_name":"Shenar, Tomer"},{"last_name":"Schösser","full_name":"Schösser, Elisa C.","first_name":"Elisa C."},{"full_name":"Wang, Luqian","first_name":"Luqian","last_name":"Wang"},{"last_name":"Bieryla","first_name":"Allyson","full_name":"Bieryla, Allyson"},{"full_name":"Buchhave, Lars A.","first_name":"Lars A.","last_name":"Buchhave"},{"last_name":"Latham","full_name":"Latham, David W.","first_name":"David W."}],"ddc":["520"],"arxiv":1,"oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"YlGo"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-16T08:56:14Z","researchdata_availability":"no","quality_controlled":"1","month":"04","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-6361"],"eissn":["1432-0746"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","dataavailabilitystatement":"The newly calculated PoWR model spectra for the Be star and\r\nthe companion will be provided as supplementary material on\r\nZenodo. The HST UV spectra used in this work are publicly\r\naccessible and can be obtained from MAST. Optical TRES and\r\nHIRES spectra are available at the CDS via https://cdsarc.\r\ncds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/708/A187","publication_status":"published","supplementarymaterial":"yes","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The Galactic Be star binary MWC 656 was long considered the only known Be star+black hole (BH) system, making it a critical\r\nbenchmark for models of massive binary evolution and for the expected X-ray emission of Be+BH binaries. However, recent dynamical measurements cast doubt on the presence of a BH companion. We present new multi-epoch ultraviolet spectroscopy from the\r\nHubble Space Telescope, combined with high-resolution optical spectra, to reassess the nature of the companion. The far-ultraviolet\r\nspectra reveal high-ionisation features – including prominent N v and He ii lines – which are absent in the spectra of normal Be stars\r\nand are indicative of a hot, luminous companion. Spectral modelling shows that these features cannot originate from the Be star or\r\nfrom an accretion disc around a compact object. Instead, we find that the data are best explained by a hot (Teff ≈ 85 kK), compact,\r\nhydrogen-deficient star with strong wind signatures, consistent with an intermediate-mass stripped star. Our revised orbital solution\r\nand composite spectroscopic modelling yield a companion mass of M2 = 1.48+0.55\r\n−0.46 M\f, definitively ruling out a BH and disfavouring a\r\nwhite dwarf. MWC 656 thus joins the growing class of Be + stripped star binaries. The system’s unusual properties – including a high\r\ncompanion temperature and wind strength – extend the known parameter space of such binaries. The continued absence of confirmed\r\nOBe+BH binaries in the Galaxy highlights a growing tension with population synthesis models."}],"oa_version":"Published Version","PlanS_conform":"1","das_tickbox":"1","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202557960","day":"01","publication":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":708,"file_date_updated":"2026-09-09T13:08:37Z","OA_place":"publisher","title":"Ultraviolet spectroscopy reveals a hot and luminous companion to the Be star+black hole candidate MWC 656","scopus_import":"1","OA_type":"diamond","status":"public","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","status":"public","id":"22933"}]},"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"Open access funding provided by Max Planck Society. The authors sincerely thank the anonymous referee for\r\ntheir thorough review and thoughtful and constructive comments. The authors\r\nthank Howard Isaacson and Andrew W. Howard for their help in obtaining five HIRES optical spectra, which were used in the orbital analysis, and\r\nKevin Burdge and Charlie Conroy for their help in obtaining the HST spectra. J. Müller-Horn thanks Hans-Walter Rix, Sahar Shahaf, Pablo Marchant,\r\nAnnachiara Picco, Anna F. Pala, and Dominic Bowman for helpful discussions and suggestions. J. Müller-Horn acknowledges support from the European\r\nResearch Council for the ERC Advanced Grant [101054731]. V. Ramachandran and A.A.C. Sander are supported by the German Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG in the form of an Emmy Noether Research Group –\r\nProject-ID 445674056 (SA4064/1-1, PI Sander) and acknowledge financial\r\nsupport by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWE)\r\nvia the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) grant 50 OR\r\n2509 (PI Sander). V. Ramachandran, A.A.C. Sander, and E.C. Schösser further acknowledge financial support by the BMWE via the DLR grant 50 OR\r\n2306 (PI Ramachandran/Sander). This project was co-funded by the European Union (Project 101183150 – OCEANS). This work has made use of\r\ndata from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.\r\ncosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/\r\nconsortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions,\r\nin particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.\r\nTS acknowledges support from the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) under grant\r\nnumber 0603225041 and from the European Research Council (ERC) under the\r\nEuropean Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement 101164755/METAL).","year":"2026","file":[{"success":1,"relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-09-09T13:08:37Z","content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","file_size":5726333,"date_updated":"2026-09-09T13:08:37Z","file_id":"22891","file_name":"2026_AstronomyAstrophysics_MuellerHorn.pdf","checksum":"58213b981fe02219f3c9b77ad76abd8e","access_level":"open_access"}],"article_number":"A187","_id":"22816"},{"scopus_import":"1","OA_place":"publisher","title":"A constant upper luminosity limit of cool supergiant stars down to the extremely low metallicity of I Zw 18","OA_type":"diamond","acknowledgement":"We thank our anonymous referee for carefully reading the manuscript and providing a constructive report with helpful feedback. This work is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #1233. The specific observations analyzed can be accessed via DOI: 10.17909/3c1d-6182. Moreover, this research is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope obtained from the\r\nSpace Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5–26555. These observations are associated with programs #13664, GO-10915, and DD-11307. This research was supported in part by grant NSF PHY-2309135 to the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP). LRP acknowledges support by grants PID2019-105552RB-C41 and PID2022-137779OB-C41 funded\r\nby MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. LRP acknowledges support from grant PID2022-140483NB-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.","date_published":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","status":"public","type":"journal_article","file":[{"date_updated":"2026-03-16T09:05:06Z","file_name":"2026_AstronomyAstrophysics_Schootemeijer.pdf","file_id":"21455","checksum":"02a0cd932340207c96fdd3059490ad29","file_size":2102107,"access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-03-16T09:05:06Z","success":1,"relation":"main_file"}],"year":"2026","_id":"21450","article_number":"A116","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-6361"],"eissn":["1432-0746"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","quality_controlled":"1","month":"03","publication_status":"published","supplementarymaterial":"no","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","PlanS_conform":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","das_tickbox":"0","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Stellar wind mass loss of massive stars is often assumed to depend on their metallicity Z. Therefore, evolutionary models predict that massive stars in lower-Z environments are able to retain more of their hydrogen-rich layers and evolve into brighter cool supergiants (cool SGs; Teff < 7 kK). Surprisingly, in galaxies in the metallicity range 0.2 ≲ Z/Z⊙ ≲ 1.5, previous studies have not found a metallicity dependence on the upper luminosity limit Lmax of cool SGs. Here, we add four galaxies to the sample studied for this purpose with data from the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Observations of the extremely metal-poor dwarf galaxy I Zw 18 from JWST allow us to extend the studied metallicity range down to Z/Z⊙ ≈ 1/40. For cool SGs in all studied galaxies, including I Zw 18, we find a constant value of Lmax ≈ 105.6 L⊙, similar to literature results for 0.2 ≲ Z/Z⊙ ≲ 1.5. In I Zw 18 and the other studied galaxies, the presence of Wolf-Rayet stars has been previously inferred. Although we cannot rule out that some of them become intermediate-temperature objects, this paints a picture in which evolved stars with L > 105.6 L⊙ burn helium as hot, helium-rich stars down to extremely low metallicity. We argue that metallicity-independent late-phase mass loss would be the most likely mechanism responsible for this. Regardless of the exact stripping mechanism (winds or, for example, binary interaction), for the Early Universe our results imply a limitation on black hole masses and a contribution of stars born with M ≳ 30 M⊙ to its surprisingly strong nitrogen enrichment. We propose a scenario in which single stars at low metallicity emit sufficiently hard ionizing radiation to produce He II and C IV lines. In this scenario, late-phase metallicity-independent mass loss produces hot, helium-rich stars. Due to the well-understood metallicity dependence on the radiation-driven winds of hot stars, a window of opportunity would open below 0.2 Z⊙, where self-stripped helium-rich stars can exist without dense Wolf-Rayet winds that absorb hard ionizing radiation."}],"file_date_updated":"2026-03-16T09:05:06Z","publication":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":707,"doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202557675","day":"01","ddc":["520"],"author":[{"full_name":"Schootemeijer, Abel","first_name":"Abel","last_name":"Schootemeijer"},{"last_name":"Götberg","id":"d0648d0c-0f64-11ee-a2e0-dd0faa2e4f7d","first_name":"Ylva Louise Linsdotter","full_name":"Götberg, Ylva Louise Linsdotter","orcid":"0000-0002-6960-6911"},{"full_name":"Langer, Norbert","first_name":"Norbert","last_name":"Langer"},{"full_name":"Bortolini, Giacomo","first_name":"Giacomo","last_name":"Bortolini"},{"last_name":"Hirschauer","full_name":"Hirschauer, Alec S.","first_name":"Alec S."},{"last_name":"Patrick","full_name":"Patrick, Lee","first_name":"Lee"}],"oa":1,"arxiv":1,"date_updated":"2026-09-16T08:35:19Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"researchdata_availability":"no","department":[{"_id":"YlGo"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"publisher":"EDP Sciences","DOAJ_listed":"1","date_created":"2026-03-15T23:01:35Z","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557675","citation":{"ista":"Schootemeijer A, Götberg YLL, Langer N, Bortolini G, Hirschauer AS, Patrick L. 2026. A constant upper luminosity limit of cool supergiant stars down to the extremely low metallicity of I Zw 18. Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics. 707, A116.","ieee":"A. Schootemeijer, Y. L. L. Götberg, N. Langer, G. Bortolini, A. S. Hirschauer, and L. Patrick, “A constant upper luminosity limit of cool supergiant stars down to the extremely low metallicity of I Zw 18,” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 707. EDP Sciences, 2026.","ama":"Schootemeijer A, Götberg YLL, Langer N, Bortolini G, Hirschauer AS, Patrick L. A constant upper luminosity limit of cool supergiant stars down to the extremely low metallicity of I Zw 18. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. 2026;707. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557675\">10.1051/0004-6361/202557675</a>","apa":"Schootemeijer, A., Götberg, Y. L. L., Langer, N., Bortolini, G., Hirschauer, A. S., &#38; Patrick, L. (2026). A constant upper luminosity limit of cool supergiant stars down to the extremely low metallicity of I Zw 18. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557675\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557675</a>","short":"A. Schootemeijer, Y.L.L. Götberg, N. Langer, G. Bortolini, A.S. Hirschauer, L. Patrick, Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics 707 (2026).","chicago":"Schootemeijer, Abel, Ylva Louise Linsdotter Götberg, Norbert Langer, Giacomo Bortolini, Alec S. Hirschauer, and Lee Patrick. “A Constant Upper Luminosity Limit of Cool Supergiant Stars down to the Extremely Low Metallicity of I Zw 18.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557675\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557675</a>.","mla":"Schootemeijer, Abel, et al. “A Constant Upper Luminosity Limit of Cool Supergiant Stars down to the Extremely Low Metallicity of I Zw 18.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 707, A116, EDP Sciences, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557675\">10.1051/0004-6361/202557675</a>."},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2510.12594"]},"intvolume":"       707","article_type":"original"},{"ddc":["520"],"author":[{"full_name":"Li, Zhenwei","first_name":"Zhenwei","last_name":"Li"},{"full_name":"Wei, Dandan","first_name":"Dandan","id":"5dd129bd-0601-11ef-b325-833284687b76","last_name":"Wei"},{"last_name":"Jia","first_name":"Shi","full_name":"Jia, Shi"},{"last_name":"Chen","full_name":"Chen, Hailiang","first_name":"Hailiang"},{"first_name":"Hongwei","full_name":"Ge, Hongwei","last_name":"Ge"},{"full_name":"Chen, Zhuo","first_name":"Zhuo","last_name":"Chen"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Yangyang","first_name":"Yangyang","last_name":"Zhang"},{"last_name":"Chen","first_name":"Xuefei","full_name":"Chen, Xuefei"},{"first_name":"Zhanwen","full_name":"Han, Zhanwen","last_name":"Han"}],"oa":1,"arxiv":1,"department":[{"_id":"YlGo"}],"researchdata_availability":"no","date_updated":"2026-09-16T08:31:10Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"publisher":"IOP Publishing","date_created":"2026-06-14T22:01:42Z","DOAJ_listed":"1","citation":{"ama":"Li Z, Wei D, Jia S, et al. A path to constraints on common envelope ejection in massive binaries: Full evolutionary reconstruction of three Black Hole X-ray binaries. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2026;1004(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae66fd\">10.3847/1538-4357/ae66fd</a>","apa":"Li, Z., Wei, D., Jia, S., Chen, H., Ge, H., Chen, Z., … Han, Z. (2026). A path to constraints on common envelope ejection in massive binaries: Full evolutionary reconstruction of three Black Hole X-ray binaries. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae66fd\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae66fd</a>","ista":"Li Z, Wei D, Jia S, Chen H, Ge H, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Chen X, Han Z. 2026. A path to constraints on common envelope ejection in massive binaries: Full evolutionary reconstruction of three Black Hole X-ray binaries. The Astrophysical Journal. 1004(1), 31.","ieee":"Z. Li <i>et al.</i>, “A path to constraints on common envelope ejection in massive binaries: Full evolutionary reconstruction of three Black Hole X-ray binaries,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 1004, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2026.","mla":"Li, Zhenwei, et al. “A Path to Constraints on Common Envelope Ejection in Massive Binaries: Full Evolutionary Reconstruction of Three Black Hole X-Ray Binaries.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 1004, no. 1, 31, IOP Publishing, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae66fd\">10.3847/1538-4357/ae66fd</a>.","short":"Z. Li, D. Wei, S. Jia, H. Chen, H. Ge, Z. Chen, Y. Zhang, X. Chen, Z. Han, The Astrophysical Journal 1004 (2026).","chicago":"Li, Zhenwei, Dandan Wei, Shi Jia, Hailiang Chen, Hongwei Ge, Zhuo Chen, Yangyang Zhang, Xuefei Chen, and Zhanwen Han. “A Path to Constraints on Common Envelope Ejection in Massive Binaries: Full Evolutionary Reconstruction of Three Black Hole X-Ray Binaries.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae66fd\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae66fd</a>."},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae66fd","external_id":{"arxiv":["2604.10440"]},"intvolume":"      1004","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","title":"A path to constraints on common envelope ejection in massive binaries: Full evolutionary reconstruction of three Black Hole X-ray binaries","OA_place":"publisher","OA_type":"gold","date_published":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"We deeply thank the referee for a very careful reading and constructive comments that have led to the improvement of the manuscript. The authors are grateful to Poshak Gandhi for his valuable suggestions and feedback on this work. This work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (grant Nos. 12125303, 12525304, 12288102, 12473034, 12103028, 12333008, 12422305, 12090040/3, 12273105, 11703081, 11422324, 12073070, and 12173081), the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (YSBR-148), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant Nos. XDB1160303, XDB1160201, and XDB1160000), the National Key R&D Program of China (grant Nos. 2021YFA1600403 and 2021YFA1600400), the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS (No. ZDBS-LY-7005), the “CAS Light of West China”, the Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program-Science & Technology Champion Project (No. 202305AB350003) and Young Talent Project, the International Centre of Supernovae (ICESUN), Yunnan Key Laboratory of Supernova Research (Nos. 202302AN360001 and 202201BC070003), Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (No. 202401AT070139), and the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (No. 242300420944). X.C. acknowledges the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE. The authors gratefully acknowledge the “PHOENIX Supercomputing Platform” jointly operated by the Binary Population Synthesis Group and the Stellar Astrophysics Group at Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences.","type":"journal_article","status":"public","article_number":"31","_id":"21997","year":"2026","file":[{"success":1,"relation":"main_file","date_created":"2026-06-19T09:56:29Z","content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","file_size":3386217,"file_id":"22099","date_updated":"2026-06-19T09:56:29Z","checksum":"bb76fbb51f8d2834cb79f19e7932e3bd","file_name":"2026_AstrophysicalJour_Li.pdf","access_level":"open_access"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1538-4357"],"issn":["0004-637X"]},"month":"06","quality_controlled":"1","supplementarymaterial":"no","publication_status":"published","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","das_tickbox":"0","PlanS_conform":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The massive binary common envelope (CE) phase plays a pivotal role in the formation of close black hole (BH)/neutron star binaries, yet significant uncertainties remain in our understanding of this process. In this study, we aim to constrain the massive binary CE phase by systematically reconstructing three observed BH X-ray binaries (BHXBs): GRO J1655-40, SAX J1819.3-2525, and 4U 1543-47. Through comprehensive binary evolution simulations and parametric supernova modeling, we establish lower limits for the CE efficiency parameters under different energy considerations within the standard energy formalism. Specifically, we derive minimum values for three cases: α0.5U and αU, representing CE efficiencies with half and all of the internal energy contributing to the envelope ejection, respectively, and αH, accounting for the envelope’s enthalpy. Our analysis reveals that the self-consistent formation of these three BHXBs requires CE efficiency parameters satisfying α0.5U ≳ 6.7, αU ≳ 4.2, and αH ≳ 1.7. Notably, we find no viable solutions with CE efficiency values below unity, even when considering the most extreme scenarios, in which the envelope binding energy is significantly reduced through enthalpy inclusion. Our results strongly imply that either additional energy sources are required or the formalism itself must be revised. Furthermore, we quantitatively assess the impact of BH natal kicks on our results. A key finding is that 4U 1543-47’s formation requires substantial natal kicks (≳50 km s−1), as lower kick velocities are incompatible with isolated binary evolution."}],"issue":"1","volume":1004,"publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","file_date_updated":"2026-06-19T09:56:29Z","day":"10","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ae66fd"}]