[{"oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2024-09-18T09:58:03Z","page":"4383-4396","author":[{"last_name":"Fontecilla","full_name":"Fontecilla, Camilo","first_name":"Camilo"},{"first_name":"Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36"},{"full_name":"Cuadra, Jorge","last_name":"Cuadra","first_name":"Jorge"}],"title":"Non-steady-state long-term evolution of supermassive black hole binaries surrounded by accretion discs","article_type":"original","year":"2018","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"date_published":"2018-11-06T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"       482","oa":1,"day":"06","doi":"10.1093/mnras/sty2972","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_created":"2024-09-05T10:12:03Z","publication_status":"published","scopus_import":"1","issue":"4","month":"11","_id":"17550","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"short":"C. Fontecilla, Z. Haiman, J. Cuadra, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 482 (2018) 4383–4396.","ista":"Fontecilla C, Haiman Z, Cuadra J. 2018. Non-steady-state long-term evolution of supermassive black hole binaries surrounded by accretion discs. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 482(4), 4383–4396.","chicago":"Fontecilla, Camilo, Zoltán Haiman, and Jorge Cuadra. “Non-Steady-State Long-Term Evolution of Supermassive Black Hole Binaries Surrounded by Accretion Discs.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2972\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2972</a>.","mla":"Fontecilla, Camilo, et al. “Non-Steady-State Long-Term Evolution of Supermassive Black Hole Binaries Surrounded by Accretion Discs.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 482, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 4383–96, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2972\">10.1093/mnras/sty2972</a>.","ama":"Fontecilla C, Haiman Z, Cuadra J. Non-steady-state long-term evolution of supermassive black hole binaries surrounded by accretion discs. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2018;482(4):4383-4396. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2972\">10.1093/mnras/sty2972</a>","ieee":"C. Fontecilla, Z. Haiman, and J. Cuadra, “Non-steady-state long-term evolution of supermassive black hole binaries surrounded by accretion discs,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 482, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 4383–4396, 2018.","apa":"Fontecilla, C., Haiman, Z., &#38; Cuadra, J. (2018). Non-steady-state long-term evolution of supermassive black hole binaries surrounded by accretion discs. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2972\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2972</a>"},"extern":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) pair and form bound binaries after their host galaxies merge. In a gas-rich merger, accretion discs are expected to form around the binary and its components. These discs control the binary orbital evolution until the system is compact enough for gravitational waves to drive the SMBHs to coalescence. In this work, we implemented a time-dependent one-dimensional model to follow the long-term evolution of the coupled binary+disc system, from a separation of 10^5 down to 20 Schwarzschild radii. We run different models changing the system parameters, including the binary mass ratio q ≤ 0.3 and a factor of γ that controls the inflow across the gap created by the secondary. We find that our implementation yields higher residual masses and longer binary residence times than previous studies. Our main conclusion is the non-steady-state nature of the evolution of the system: the properties the disc had when the binary was still at large separations influence its whole evolution. To recover steady state, the binary residence time would have to be much longer than the inflow time-scale of the disc throughout their entire history, which in general is not satisfied.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2972","open_access":"1"}],"publisher":"Oxford University Press","volume":482},{"article_number":"66","article_type":"original","year":"2018","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"]},"oa":1,"day":"15","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/aadae5","date_published":"2018-10-15T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"       866","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"first_name":"Barry","full_name":"McKernan, Barry","last_name":"McKernan"},{"first_name":"K. E.","full_name":"Saavik Ford, K. E.","last_name":"Saavik Ford"},{"first_name":"J.","full_name":"Bellovary, J.","last_name":"Bellovary"},{"last_name":"Leigh","full_name":"Leigh, N. W. C.","first_name":"N. W. C."},{"first_name":"Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman"},{"last_name":"Kocsis","full_name":"Kocsis, B.","first_name":"B."},{"full_name":"Lyra, W.","last_name":"Lyra","first_name":"W."},{"last_name":"Mac Low","full_name":"Mac Low, M.-M.","first_name":"M.-M."},{"first_name":"B.","last_name":"Metzger","full_name":"Metzger, B."},{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"O’Dowd, M.","last_name":"O’Dowd"},{"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Endlich","full_name":"Endlich, S."},{"first_name":"D. J.","last_name":"Rosen","full_name":"Rosen, D. J."}],"title":"Constraining stellar-mass black hole mergers in AGN disks detectable with LIGO","date_updated":"2024-09-19T07:49:42Z","citation":{"apa":"McKernan, B., Saavik Ford, K. E., Bellovary, J., Leigh, N. W. C., Haiman, Z., Kocsis, B., … Rosen, D. J. (2018). Constraining stellar-mass black hole mergers in AGN disks detectable with LIGO. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadae5\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadae5</a>","ieee":"B. McKernan <i>et al.</i>, “Constraining stellar-mass black hole mergers in AGN disks detectable with LIGO,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 866, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, 2018.","ama":"McKernan B, Saavik Ford KE, Bellovary J, et al. Constraining stellar-mass black hole mergers in AGN disks detectable with LIGO. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2018;866(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadae5\">10.3847/1538-4357/aadae5</a>","mla":"McKernan, Barry, et al. “Constraining Stellar-Mass Black Hole Mergers in AGN Disks Detectable with LIGO.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 866, no. 1, 66, American Astronomical Society, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadae5\">10.3847/1538-4357/aadae5</a>.","ista":"McKernan B, Saavik Ford KE, Bellovary J, Leigh NWC, Haiman Z, Kocsis B, Lyra W, Mac Low M-M, Metzger B, O’Dowd M, Endlich S, Rosen DJ. 2018. Constraining stellar-mass black hole mergers in AGN disks detectable with LIGO. The Astrophysical Journal. 866(1), 66.","chicago":"McKernan, Barry, K. E. Saavik Ford, J. Bellovary, N. W. C. Leigh, Zoltán Haiman, B. Kocsis, W. Lyra, et al. “Constraining Stellar-Mass Black Hole Mergers in AGN Disks Detectable with LIGO.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadae5\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadae5</a>.","short":"B. McKernan, K.E. Saavik Ford, J. Bellovary, N.W.C. Leigh, Z. Haiman, B. Kocsis, W. Lyra, M.-M. Mac Low, B. Metzger, M. O’Dowd, S. Endlich, D.J. Rosen, The Astrophysical Journal 866 (2018)."},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Black hole (BH) mergers detectable with the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) can occur in active galactic nucleus (AGN) disks. Here we parameterize the merger rates, the mass spectrum, and the spin spectrum of BHs in AGN disks. The predicted merger rate spans ∼10−3–104 Gpc−1 yr−1, so upper limits from LIGO (<212 Gpc−1 yr−1) already constrain it. The predicted mass spectrum has the form of a broken power law, consisting of a pre-existing BH power-law mass spectrum and a harder power-law mass spectrum resulting from mergers. The predicted spin spectrum is multipeaked with the evolution of retrograde spin BHs in the gas disk playing a key role. We outline the large uncertainties in each of these LIGO observables for this channel and we discuss ways in which they can be constrained in the future."}],"type":"journal_article","extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"American Astronomical Society","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadae5","open_access":"1"}],"volume":866,"publication_status":"published","date_created":"2024-09-05T12:18:19Z","month":"10","scopus_import":"1","issue":"1","_id":"17575"},{"citation":{"short":"T.D. Browning, E. Sofos, International Journal of Nuber Theory 15 (2018) 547–567.","ieee":"T. D. Browning and E. Sofos, “Averages of arithmetic functions over principal ideals,” <i>International Journal of Nuber Theory</i>, vol. 15, no. 3. World Scientific Publishing, pp. 547–567, 2018.","apa":"Browning, T. D., &#38; Sofos, E. (2018). Averages of arithmetic functions over principal ideals. <i>International Journal of Nuber Theory</i>. World Scientific Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793042119500283\">https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793042119500283</a>","ama":"Browning TD, Sofos E. Averages of arithmetic functions over principal ideals. <i>International Journal of Nuber Theory</i>. 2018;15(3):547-567. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793042119500283\">10.1142/S1793042119500283</a>","mla":"Browning, Timothy D., and Efthymios Sofos. “Averages of Arithmetic Functions over Principal Ideals.” <i>International Journal of Nuber Theory</i>, vol. 15, no. 3, World Scientific Publishing, 2018, pp. 547–67, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793042119500283\">10.1142/S1793042119500283</a>.","chicago":"Browning, Timothy D, and Efthymios Sofos. “Averages of Arithmetic Functions over Principal Ideals.” <i>International Journal of Nuber Theory</i>. World Scientific Publishing, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793042119500283\">https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793042119500283</a>.","ista":"Browning TD, Sofos E. 2018. Averages of arithmetic functions over principal ideals. International Journal of Nuber Theory. 15(3), 547–567."},"type":"journal_article","extern":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"For a general class of non-negative functions defined on integral ideals of number fields, upper bounds are established for their average over the values of certain principal ideals that are associated to irreducible binary forms with integer coefficients."}],"volume":15,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.04331","open_access":"1"}],"publisher":"World Scientific Publishing","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:45:01Z","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"arxiv":["1706.04331"]},"_id":"176","issue":"3","month":"11","date_published":"2018-11-16T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"        15","oa":1,"doi":"10.1142/S1793042119500283","day":"16","article_type":"original","year":"2018","publication":"International Journal of Nuber Theory","arxiv":1,"user_id":"D865714E-FA4E-11E9-B85B-F5C5E5697425","oa_version":"Preprint","page":"547-567","date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:53:01Z","title":"Averages of arithmetic functions over principal ideals","author":[{"first_name":"Timothy D","orcid":"0000-0002-8314-0177","id":"35827D50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Browning","full_name":"Browning, Timothy D"},{"full_name":"Sofos, Efthymios","last_name":"Sofos","first_name":"Efthymios"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public"},{"publication":"Foundations of Physics","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","doi":"10.1007/s10701-018-0201-0","day":"31","intvolume":"        48","date_published":"2018-07-31T00:00:00Z","year":"2018","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0015-9018","1572-9516"]},"article_type":"original","author":[{"first_name":"Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36"}],"title":"The X-ray chirp of a compact black hole binary","page":"1430-1445","date_updated":"2024-09-24T07:28:50Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"None","volume":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10701-018-0201-0"}],"type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The gravitational waves (GWs) from a binary black hole with masses 10^4≲ M≲ 10^7M_⊙ can be detected with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) once their orbital frequency exceeds 10^{-4}-10^{-5} Hz. The binary separation at this stage is a=O(100)Rg (gravitational radius), and the orbital speed is v/c=O(0.1). I argue that at this stage, the binary will be producing bright electromagnetic (EM) radiation via gas bound to the individual BHs. Both BHs will have their own photospheres in X-ray and possibly also in optical bands. Relativistic Doppler modulations and lensing effects will inevitably imprint periodic variability in the EM light-curve, tracking the phase of the orbital motion, and serving as a template for the GW inspiral waveform. Advanced localization of the source by LISA weeks to months prior to merger will enable a measurement of this EM chirp by wide-field X-ray or optical instruments. A comparison of the phases of the GW and EM chirp signals will help break degeneracies between system parameters, and probe a fractional difference difference Δ v in the propagation speed of photons and gravitons as low as Δ v/c ≈ 10^{-17}."}],"extern":"1","citation":{"ista":"Haiman Z. 2018. The X-ray chirp of a compact black hole binary. Foundations of Physics. 48(10), 1430–1445.","chicago":"Haiman, Zoltán. “The X-Ray Chirp of a Compact Black Hole Binary.” <i>Foundations of Physics</i>. Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10701-018-0201-0\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10701-018-0201-0</a>.","mla":"Haiman, Zoltán. “The X-Ray Chirp of a Compact Black Hole Binary.” <i>Foundations of Physics</i>, vol. 48, no. 10, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2018, pp. 1430–45, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10701-018-0201-0\">10.1007/s10701-018-0201-0</a>.","ama":"Haiman Z. The X-ray chirp of a compact black hole binary. <i>Foundations of Physics</i>. 2018;48(10):1430-1445. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10701-018-0201-0\">10.1007/s10701-018-0201-0</a>","ieee":"Z. Haiman, “The X-ray chirp of a compact black hole binary,” <i>Foundations of Physics</i>, vol. 48, no. 10. Springer Science and Business Media LLC, pp. 1430–1445, 2018.","apa":"Haiman, Z. (2018). The X-ray chirp of a compact black hole binary. <i>Foundations of Physics</i>. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10701-018-0201-0\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10701-018-0201-0</a>","short":"Z. Haiman, Foundations of Physics 48 (2018) 1430–1445."},"quality_controlled":"1","_id":"17612","month":"07","scopus_import":"1","issue":"10","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2024-09-05T13:24:36Z","alternative_title":["A Phase Template for the Gravitational Wave Inspiral"]},{"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"mla":"Tang, Yike, et al. “The Late Inspiral of Supermassive Black Hole Binaries with Circumbinary Gas Discs in the LISA Band.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 476, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 2249–57, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty423\">10.1093/mnras/sty423</a>.","chicago":"Tang, Yike, Zoltán Haiman, and Andrew MacFadyen. “The Late Inspiral of Supermassive Black Hole Binaries with Circumbinary Gas Discs in the LISA Band.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty423\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty423</a>.","ista":"Tang Y, Haiman Z, MacFadyen A. 2018. The late inspiral of supermassive black hole binaries with circumbinary gas discs in the LISA band. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 476(2), 2249–2257.","ieee":"Y. Tang, Z. Haiman, and A. MacFadyen, “The late inspiral of supermassive black hole binaries with circumbinary gas discs in the LISA band,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 476, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 2249–2257, 2018.","ama":"Tang Y, Haiman Z, MacFadyen A. The late inspiral of supermassive black hole binaries with circumbinary gas discs in the LISA band. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2018;476(2):2249-2257. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty423\">10.1093/mnras/sty423</a>","apa":"Tang, Y., Haiman, Z., &#38; MacFadyen, A. (2018). The late inspiral of supermassive black hole binaries with circumbinary gas discs in the LISA band. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty423\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty423</a>","short":"Y. Tang, Z. Haiman, A. MacFadyen, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 476 (2018) 2249–2257."},"type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"We present the results of 2D, moving-mesh, viscous hydrodynamical simulations of an accretion disc around a merging supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB). The simulation is pseudo-Newtonian, with the BHs modelled as point masses with a Paczynski–Wiita potential, and includes viscous heating, shock heating, and radiative cooling. We follow the gravitational inspiral of an equal-mass binary with a component mass Mbh = 106 M⊙ from an initial separation of 60rg (where rg ≡ GMbh/c2 is the gravitational radius) to the merger. We find that a central, low-density cavity forms around the binary, as in previous work, but that the BHs capture gas from the circumbinary disc and accrete efficiently via their own minidiscs, well after their inspiral outpaces the viscous evolution of the disc. The system remains luminous, displaying strong periodicity at twice the binary orbital frequency throughout the entire inspiral process, all the way to the merger. In the soft X-ray band, the thermal emission is dominated by the inner edge of the circumbinary disc with especially clear periodicity in the early inspiral. By comparison, harder X-ray emission is dominated by the minidiscs, and the light curve is initially more noisy but develops a clear periodicity in the late inspiral stage. This variability pattern should help identify the electromagnetic counterparts of SMBHBs detected by the space-based gravitational-wave detector LISA.","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1","volume":476,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty423","open_access":"1"}],"publisher":"Oxford University Press","date_created":"2024-09-05T13:47:09Z","publication_status":"published","_id":"17619","issue":"2","scopus_import":"1","month":"02","date_published":"2018-02-19T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"       476","oa":1,"day":"19","doi":"10.1093/mnras/sty423","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"article_type":"original","year":"2018","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","oa_version":"Published Version","date_updated":"2024-09-24T08:18:22Z","page":"2249-2257","title":"The late inspiral of supermassive black hole binaries with circumbinary gas discs in the LISA band","author":[{"last_name":"Tang","full_name":"Tang, Yike","first_name":"Yike"},{"first_name":"Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36"},{"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"MacFadyen","full_name":"MacFadyen, Andrew"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public"},{"external_id":{"arxiv":["1809.01754"]},"publication_status":"published","date_created":"2024-09-05T13:57:07Z","month":"09","scopus_import":"1","issue":"1","_id":"17627","citation":{"ama":"Visbal E, Haiman Z. Identifying direct collapse black hole seeds through their small host galaxies. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. 2018;865(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aadf3a\">10.3847/2041-8213/aadf3a</a>","apa":"Visbal, E., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2018). Identifying direct collapse black hole seeds through their small host galaxies. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aadf3a\">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aadf3a</a>","ieee":"E. Visbal and Z. Haiman, “Identifying direct collapse black hole seeds through their small host galaxies,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 865, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, 2018.","chicago":"Visbal, Eli, and Zoltán Haiman. “Identifying Direct Collapse Black Hole Seeds through Their Small Host Galaxies.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aadf3a\">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aadf3a</a>.","ista":"Visbal E, Haiman Z. 2018. Identifying direct collapse black hole seeds through their small host galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 865(1), L9.","mla":"Visbal, Eli, and Zoltán Haiman. “Identifying Direct Collapse Black Hole Seeds through Their Small Host Galaxies.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 865, no. 1, L9, American Astronomical Society, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aadf3a\">10.3847/2041-8213/aadf3a</a>.","short":"E. Visbal, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 865 (2018)."},"type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"Observations of high-redshift quasars indicate that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with masses greater than ∼109 M⊙ were assembled within the first billion years after the Big Bang. It is unclear how such massive black holes (BHs) formed so early. One possible explanation is that these SMBHs were seeded by \"heavy\" direct collapse black holes (DCBHs) with masses of MBH ≈ 105 M⊙, but observations have not yet confirmed or refuted this scenario. In this Letter, we utilize a cosmological N-body simulation to demonstrate that before they grow roughly an order of magnitude in mass, DCBHs will have BH mass to halo mass ratios that are much higher than expected for BH remnants of Population III (Pop III) stars that have grown to the same mass (∼106 M⊙). We also show that when Tvir ≈ 104 K halos (the potential sites of DCBH formation) merge with much larger nearby halos (Mh > 1010 M⊙), they almost always orbit their larger host halos with a separation of a few kpc, which is sufficient to be spatially resolved with future X-ray and infrared telescopes. Thus, we propose that a future X-ray mission such as Lynx, combined with infrared observations, will be able to distinguish high-redshift DCBHs from smaller BH seeds due to the unusually high BH mass to stellar mass ratios of the faintest observed quasars, with inferred BH masses below ∼106 M⊙.","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"American Astronomical Society","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1809.01754"}],"volume":865,"oa_version":"Preprint","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Identifying direct collapse black hole seeds through their small host galaxies","author":[{"last_name":"Visbal","full_name":"Visbal, Eli","first_name":"Eli"},{"full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","first_name":"Zoltán"}],"date_updated":"2024-09-24T09:07:47Z","article_number":"L9","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2041-8205","2041-8213"]},"year":"2018","oa":1,"doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/aadf3a","day":"19","date_published":"2018-09-19T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"       865","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","arxiv":1},{"date_published":"2018-08-20T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"       863","oa":1,"day":"20","doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/aad8ad","year":"2018","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2041-8205","2041-8213"]},"article_number":"L36","arxiv":1,"publication":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","oa_version":"Preprint","date_updated":"2024-09-24T11:47:28Z","author":[{"first_name":"Kohei","full_name":"Inayoshi, Kohei","last_name":"Inayoshi"},{"last_name":"Ichikawa","full_name":"Ichikawa, Kohei","first_name":"Kohei"},{"first_name":"Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36"}],"title":"Gravitational waves from supermassive black hole binaries in ultraluminous infrared galaxies","article_processing_charge":"No","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"mla":"Inayoshi, Kohei, et al. “Gravitational Waves from Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 863, no. 2, L36, American Astronomical Society, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad8ad\">10.3847/2041-8213/aad8ad</a>.","chicago":"Inayoshi, Kohei, Kohei Ichikawa, and Zoltán Haiman. “Gravitational Waves from Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad8ad\">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad8ad</a>.","ista":"Inayoshi K, Ichikawa K, Haiman Z. 2018. Gravitational waves from supermassive black hole binaries in ultraluminous infrared galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 863(2), L36.","apa":"Inayoshi, K., Ichikawa, K., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2018). Gravitational waves from supermassive black hole binaries in ultraluminous infrared galaxies. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad8ad\">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad8ad</a>","ama":"Inayoshi K, Ichikawa K, Haiman Z. Gravitational waves from supermassive black hole binaries in ultraluminous infrared galaxies. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. 2018;863(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad8ad\">10.3847/2041-8213/aad8ad</a>","ieee":"K. Inayoshi, K. Ichikawa, and Z. Haiman, “Gravitational waves from supermassive black hole binaries in ultraluminous infrared galaxies,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 863, no. 2. American Astronomical Society, 2018.","short":"K. Inayoshi, K. Ichikawa, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 863 (2018)."},"abstract":[{"text":"Gravitational waves (GWs) in the nano-hertz band are great tools for understanding the cosmological evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic nuclei. We consider SMBH binaries in high-z ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) as sources of a stochastic GW background (GWB). ULIRGs are likely associated with gas-rich galaxy mergers containing SMBHs that possibly occur at most once in the life of galaxies, unlike multiple dry mergers at low redshift. Adopting a well-established sample of ULIRGs, we study the properties of the GWB due to coalescing binary SMBHs in these galaxies. Since the ULIRG population peaks at z>1.5, the amplitude of the GWB is not affected even if BH mergers are delayed by as long as ∼ 10 Gyrs. Despite the rarity of the high-z ULIRGs, we find a tension with the upper limits from Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments. This result suggests that if a fraction fm,gal of ULIRGs are associated with SMBH binaries, then no more than 20fm,gal(λEdd/0.3)5/3(tlife/30 Myr) % of the binary SMBHs in ULIRGs can merge within a Hubble time, for plausible values of the Eddington ratio of ULIRGs (λEdd) and their lifetime (tlife).","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1","type":"journal_article","volume":863,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1805.05334"}],"publisher":"American Astronomical Society","date_created":"2024-09-06T07:18:03Z","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"arxiv":["1805.05334"]},"_id":"17640","scopus_import":"1","issue":"2","month":"08"},{"date_created":"2024-09-06T07:33:13Z","publication_status":"published","scopus_import":"1","issue":"4","month":"01","_id":"17655","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We have developed a semi-analytic framework to model the large-scale evolution of the first Population III (Pop III) stars and the transition to metal-enriched star formation. Our model follows dark matter haloes from cosmological N-body simulations, utilizing their individual merger histories and three-dimensional positions, and applies physically motivated prescriptions for star formation and feedback from Lyman–Werner (LW) radiation, hydrogen ionizing radiation, and external metal enrichment due to supernovae winds. This method is intended to complement analytic studies, which do not include clustering or individual merger histories, and hydrodynamical cosmological simulations, which include detailed physics, but are computationally expensive and have limited dynamic range. Utilizing this technique, we compute the cumulative Pop III and metal-enriched star formation rate density (SFRD) as a function of redshift at z ≥ 20. We find that varying the model parameters leads to significant qualitative changes in the global star formation history. The Pop III star formation efficiency and the delay time between Pop III and subsequent metal-enriched star formation are found to have the largest impact. The effect of clustering (i.e. including the three-dimensional positions of individual haloes) on various feedback mechanisms is also investigated. The impact of clustering on LW and ionization feedback is found to be relatively mild in our fiducial model, but can be larger if external metal enrichment can promote metal-enriched star formation over large distances."}],"extern":"1","type":"journal_article","citation":{"short":"E. Visbal, Z. Haiman, G.L. Bryan, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 475 (2018) 5246–5256.","ieee":"E. Visbal, Z. Haiman, and G. L. Bryan, “Self-consistent semi-analytic models of the first stars,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 475, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 5246–5256, 2018.","apa":"Visbal, E., Haiman, Z., &#38; Bryan, G. L. (2018). Self-consistent semi-analytic models of the first stars. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty142\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty142</a>","ama":"Visbal E, Haiman Z, Bryan GL. Self-consistent semi-analytic models of the first stars. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2018;475(4):5246-5256. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty142\">10.1093/mnras/sty142</a>","mla":"Visbal, Eli, et al. “Self-Consistent Semi-Analytic Models of the First Stars.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 475, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 5246–56, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty142\">10.1093/mnras/sty142</a>.","chicago":"Visbal, Eli, Zoltán Haiman, and Greg L Bryan. “Self-Consistent Semi-Analytic Models of the First Stars.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty142\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty142</a>.","ista":"Visbal E, Haiman Z, Bryan GL. 2018. Self-consistent semi-analytic models of the first stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 475(4), 5246–5256."},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty142"}],"publisher":"Oxford University Press","volume":475,"oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"No","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","page":"5246-5256","date_updated":"2024-09-24T14:23:23Z","author":[{"first_name":"Eli","full_name":"Visbal, Eli","last_name":"Visbal"},{"first_name":"Zoltán","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36"},{"first_name":"Greg L","last_name":"Bryan","full_name":"Bryan, Greg L"}],"title":"Self-consistent semi-analytic models of the first stars","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"year":"2018","intvolume":"       475","date_published":"2018-01-17T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1093/mnras/sty142","day":"17","oa":1,"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society"},{"volume":97,"publisher":"American Physical Society","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":" https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1802.01212"}],"citation":{"mla":"Gupta, Arushi, et al. “Non-Gaussian Information from Weak Lensing Data via Deep Learning.” <i>Physical Review D</i>, vol. 97, no. 10, 103515, American Physical Society, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.97.103515\">10.1103/physrevd.97.103515</a>.","chicago":"Gupta, Arushi, José Manuel Zorrilla Matilla, Daniel Hsu, and Zoltán Haiman. “Non-Gaussian Information from Weak Lensing Data via Deep Learning.” <i>Physical Review D</i>. American Physical Society, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.97.103515\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.97.103515</a>.","ista":"Gupta A, Matilla JMZ, Hsu D, Haiman Z. 2018. Non-Gaussian information from weak lensing data via deep learning. Physical Review D. 97(10), 103515.","ama":"Gupta A, Matilla JMZ, Hsu D, Haiman Z. Non-Gaussian information from weak lensing data via deep learning. <i>Physical Review D</i>. 2018;97(10). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.97.103515\">10.1103/physrevd.97.103515</a>","apa":"Gupta, A., Matilla, J. M. Z., Hsu, D., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2018). Non-Gaussian information from weak lensing data via deep learning. <i>Physical Review D</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.97.103515\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.97.103515</a>","ieee":"A. Gupta, J. M. Z. Matilla, D. Hsu, and Z. Haiman, “Non-Gaussian information from weak lensing data via deep learning,” <i>Physical Review D</i>, vol. 97, no. 10. American Physical Society, 2018.","short":"A. Gupta, J.M.Z. Matilla, D. Hsu, Z. Haiman, Physical Review D 97 (2018)."},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Weak lensing maps contain information beyond two-point statistics on small scales. Much recent work has tried to extract this information through a range of different observables or via nonlinear transformations of the lensing field. Here we train and apply a 2D convolutional neural network to simulated noiseless lensing maps covering 96 different cosmological models over a range of {Ωm,σ8}. Using the area of the confidence contour in the {Ωm,σ8} plane as a figure-of-merit, derived from simulated convergence maps smoothed on a scale of 1.0 arcmin, we show that the neural network yields ≈5× tighter constraints than the power spectrum, and ≈4× tighter than the lensing peaks. Such gains illustrate the extent to which weak lensing data encode cosmological information not accessible to the power spectrum or even other, non-Gaussian statistics such as lensing peaks."}],"extern":"1","type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","_id":"17662","month":"05","scopus_import":"1","issue":"10","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2024-09-06T07:39:50Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["1802.01212"]},"arxiv":1,"publication":"Physical Review D","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","oa":1,"day":"18","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.97.103515","date_published":"2018-05-18T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"        97","article_number":"103515","article_type":"original","year":"2018","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2470-0010","2470-0029"]},"title":"Non-Gaussian information from weak lensing data via deep learning","author":[{"first_name":"Arushi","last_name":"Gupta","full_name":"Gupta, Arushi"},{"last_name":"Matilla","full_name":"Matilla, José Manuel Zorrilla","first_name":"José Manuel Zorrilla"},{"last_name":"Hsu","full_name":"Hsu, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel"},{"first_name":"Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36"}],"date_updated":"2024-09-25T07:28:42Z","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint"},{"day":"01","doi":"10.1093/mnras/sty276","oa":1,"intvolume":"       476","date_published":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"year":"2018","article_type":"original","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Low-density, radiatively inefficient rotating-accretion flow on to a black hole","author":[{"first_name":"Kohei","last_name":"Inayoshi","full_name":"Inayoshi, Kohei"},{"last_name":"Ostriker","full_name":"Ostriker, Jeremiah P","first_name":"Jeremiah P"},{"first_name":"Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36"},{"first_name":"Rolf","last_name":"Kuiper","full_name":"Kuiper, Rolf"}],"page":"1412-1426","date_updated":"2024-09-25T08:57:35Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","article_processing_charge":"No","abstract":[{"text":"We study low-density axisymmetric accretion flows onto black holes (BHs) with two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations, adopting the α-viscosity prescription. When the gas angular momentum is low enough to form a rotationally supported disk within the Bondi radius (RB), we find a global steady accretion solution. The solution consists of a rotational equilibrium distribution at r∼RB, where the density follows ρ∝(1+RB/r)^3/2, surrounding a geometrically thick and optically thin accretion disk at the centrifugal radius, where thermal energy generated by viscosity is transported via strong convection. Physical properties of the inner solution agree with those expected in convection-dominated accretion flows (CDAF; ρ∝r^−1/2). In the inner CDAF solution, the gas inflow rate decreases towards the center due to convection (M˙∝r), and the net accretion rate (including both inflows and outflows) is strongly suppressed by several orders of magnitude from the Bondi accretion rate M˙B The net accretion rate depends on the viscous strength, following M˙/M˙B∝(α/0.01)^0.6. This solution holds for low accretion rates of M˙B/M˙Edd<10^−3 having minimal radiation cooling, where M˙Edd is the Eddington rate. In a hot plasma at the bottom (r<10^−3 RB), thermal conduction would dominate the convective energy flux. Since suppression of the accretion by convection ceases, the final BH feeding rate is found to be M˙/M˙B∼10^−3−10^−2. This rate is as low as M˙/M˙Edd∼10^−7−10^−6 inferred for SgrA∗ and the nuclear BHs in M31 and M87, and can explain the low luminosities in these sources, without invoking any feedback mechanism.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","extern":"1","citation":{"ista":"Inayoshi K, Ostriker JP, Haiman Z, Kuiper R. 2018. Low-density, radiatively inefficient rotating-accretion flow on to a black hole. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 476(1), 1412–1426.","chicago":"Inayoshi, Kohei, Jeremiah P Ostriker, Zoltán Haiman, and Rolf Kuiper. “Low-Density, Radiatively Inefficient Rotating-Accretion Flow on to a Black Hole.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty276\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty276</a>.","mla":"Inayoshi, Kohei, et al. “Low-Density, Radiatively Inefficient Rotating-Accretion Flow on to a Black Hole.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 476, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 1412–26, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty276\">10.1093/mnras/sty276</a>.","ama":"Inayoshi K, Ostriker JP, Haiman Z, Kuiper R. Low-density, radiatively inefficient rotating-accretion flow on to a black hole. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2018;476(1):1412-1426. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty276\">10.1093/mnras/sty276</a>","ieee":"K. Inayoshi, J. P. Ostriker, Z. Haiman, and R. Kuiper, “Low-density, radiatively inefficient rotating-accretion flow on to a black hole,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 476, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 1412–1426, 2018.","apa":"Inayoshi, K., Ostriker, J. P., Haiman, Z., &#38; Kuiper, R. (2018). Low-density, radiatively inefficient rotating-accretion flow on to a black hole. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty276\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty276</a>","short":"K. Inayoshi, J.P. Ostriker, Z. Haiman, R. Kuiper, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 476 (2018) 1412–1426."},"quality_controlled":"1","volume":476,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty276"}],"publication_status":"published","date_created":"2024-09-06T08:05:18Z","_id":"17679","month":"02","scopus_import":"1","issue":"1"},{"oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"full_name":"Sesana, Alberto","last_name":"Sesana","first_name":"Alberto"},{"first_name":"Zoltán","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36"},{"last_name":"Kocsis","full_name":"Kocsis, Bence","first_name":"Bence"},{"last_name":"Kelley","full_name":"Kelley, Luke Zoltan","first_name":"Luke Zoltan"}],"title":"Testing the binary hypothesis: Pulsar timing constraints on supermassive black hole binary candidates","date_updated":"2024-09-25T09:02:27Z","article_number":"42","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"]},"article_type":"original","year":"2018","oa":1,"day":"22","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/aaad0f","date_published":"2018-03-22T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"       856","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2024-09-06T08:06:14Z","month":"03","issue":"1","scopus_import":"1","_id":"17680","citation":{"short":"A. Sesana, Z. Haiman, B. Kocsis, L.Z. Kelley, The Astrophysical Journal 856 (2018).","mla":"Sesana, Alberto, et al. “Testing the Binary Hypothesis: Pulsar Timing Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidates.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 856, no. 1, 42, American Astronomical Society, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaad0f\">10.3847/1538-4357/aaad0f</a>.","chicago":"Sesana, Alberto, Zoltán Haiman, Bence Kocsis, and Luke Zoltan Kelley. “Testing the Binary Hypothesis: Pulsar Timing Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidates.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaad0f\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaad0f</a>.","ista":"Sesana A, Haiman Z, Kocsis B, Kelley LZ. 2018. Testing the binary hypothesis: Pulsar timing constraints on supermassive black hole binary candidates. The Astrophysical Journal. 856(1), 42.","apa":"Sesana, A., Haiman, Z., Kocsis, B., &#38; Kelley, L. Z. (2018). Testing the binary hypothesis: Pulsar timing constraints on supermassive black hole binary candidates. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaad0f\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaad0f</a>","ieee":"A. Sesana, Z. Haiman, B. Kocsis, and L. Z. Kelley, “Testing the binary hypothesis: Pulsar timing constraints on supermassive black hole binary candidates,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 856, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, 2018.","ama":"Sesana A, Haiman Z, Kocsis B, Kelley LZ. Testing the binary hypothesis: Pulsar timing constraints on supermassive black hole binary candidates. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2018;856(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaad0f\">10.3847/1538-4357/aaad0f</a>"},"extern":"1","abstract":[{"text":"The advent of time domain astronomy is revolutionizing our understanding of the universe. Programs such as the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS) or the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) surveyed millions of objects for several years, allowing variability studies on large statistical samples. The inspection of ≈250 k quasars in CRTS resulted in a catalog of 111 potentially periodic sources, put forward as supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) candidates. A similar investigation on PTF data yielded 33 candidates from a sample of ≈35 k quasars. Working under the SMBHB hypothesis, we compute the implied SMBHB merger rate and we use it to construct the expected gravitational wave background (GWB) at nano-Hz frequencies, probed by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). After correcting for incompleteness and assuming virial mass estimates, we find that the GWB implied by the CRTS sample exceeds the current most stringent PTA upper limits by almost an order of magnitude. After further correcting for the implicit bias in virial mass measurements, the implied GWB drops significantly but is still in tension with the most stringent PTA upper limits. Similar results hold for the PTF sample. Bayesian model selection shows that the null hypothesis (whereby the candidates are false positives) is preferred over the binary hypothesis at about 2.3σ and 3.6σ for the CRTS and PTF samples respectively. Although not decisive, our analysis highlights the potential of PTAs as astrophysical probes of individual SMBHB candidates and indicates that the CRTS and PTF samples are likely contaminated by several false positives.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"American Astronomical Society","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaad0f","open_access":"1"}],"volume":856},{"publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","oa":1,"doi":"10.1093/mnras/sty1720","day":"30","date_published":"2018-06-30T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"       479","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"year":"2018","author":[{"full_name":"Inayoshi, Kohei","last_name":"Inayoshi","first_name":"Kohei"},{"last_name":"Li","full_name":"Li, Miao","first_name":"Miao"},{"full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","first_name":"Zoltán"}],"title":"Massive black hole and Population III galaxy formation in overmassive dark-matter haloes with violent merger histories","page":"4017-4027","date_updated":"2024-09-25T09:46:30Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Published Version","volume":479,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1720"}],"citation":{"short":"K. Inayoshi, M. Li, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 479 (2018) 4017–4027.","apa":"Inayoshi, K., Li, M., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2018). Massive black hole and Population III galaxy formation in overmassive dark-matter haloes with violent merger histories. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1720\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1720</a>","ieee":"K. Inayoshi, M. Li, and Z. Haiman, “Massive black hole and Population III galaxy formation in overmassive dark-matter haloes with violent merger histories,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 479, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 4017–4027, 2018.","ama":"Inayoshi K, Li M, Haiman Z. Massive black hole and Population III galaxy formation in overmassive dark-matter haloes with violent merger histories. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2018;479(3):4017-4027. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1720\">10.1093/mnras/sty1720</a>","mla":"Inayoshi, Kohei, et al. “Massive Black Hole and Population III Galaxy Formation in Overmassive Dark-Matter Haloes with Violent Merger Histories.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 479, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 4017–27, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1720\">10.1093/mnras/sty1720</a>.","chicago":"Inayoshi, Kohei, Miao Li, and Zoltán Haiman. “Massive Black Hole and Population III Galaxy Formation in Overmassive Dark-Matter Haloes with Violent Merger Histories.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1720\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1720</a>.","ista":"Inayoshi K, Li M, Haiman Z. 2018. Massive black hole and Population III galaxy formation in overmassive dark-matter haloes with violent merger histories. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 479(3), 4017–4027."},"abstract":[{"text":"We propose the formation of massive pristine dark-matter (DM) halos with masses of ∼10^8 M⊙, due to the dynamical effects of frequent mergers in rare regions of the Universe with high baryonic streaming velocity relative to DM. Since the streaming motion prevents gas collapse into DM halos and delays prior star formation episodes, the gas remains metal-free until the halo virial temperatures ≳2×10^4 K. The minimum cooling mass of DM halos is boosted by a factor of ∼10−30 because frequent major mergers of halos further inhibit gas collapse. We use Monte Carlo merger trees to simulate the DM assembly history under a streaming velocity of twice the root-mean-square value, and estimate the number density of massive DM halos containing pristine gas as ≃10^−4 cMpc^−3. When the gas infall begins, efficient Lyα cooling drives cold streams penetrating inside the halo and feeding a central galactic disk. When one stream collides with the disk, strong shock forms a dense and hot gas cloud, where the gas never forms H2 molecules due to effective collisional dissociation. As a result, a massive gas cloud forms by gravitational instability and collapses directly into a massive black hole (BH) with M∙∼10^5 M⊙. Almost simultaneously, a galaxy with M⋆,tot∼10^6 M⊙ composed of Population III stars forms in the nuclear region. If the typical stellar mass is as high as ∼100 M⊙, the galaxy could be detected with the James Webb Space Telescope even at z≳15. These massive seed BHs would be fed by continuous gas accretion from the host galaxy, and grow to be bright quasars observed at z≳6.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","_id":"17687","month":"06","issue":"3","scopus_import":"1","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2024-09-06T08:22:23Z"},{"_id":"17691","month":"02","issue":"4","scopus_import":"1","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2024-09-06T08:38:11Z","volume":476,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty516"}],"type":"journal_article","extern":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) should be common in galactic nuclei as a result of frequent galaxy mergers. Recently, a large sample of sub-parsec SMBHB candidates was identified as bright periodically variable quasars in optical surveys. If the observed periodicity corresponds to the redshifted binary orbital period, the inferred orbital velocities are relativistic (v/c ≈ 0.1). The optical and ultraviolet (UV) luminosities are expected to arise from gas bound to the individual BHs, and would be modulated by the relativistic Doppler effect. The optical and UV light curves should vary in tandem with relative amplitudes which depend on the respective spectral slopes. We constructed a control sample of 42 quasars with aperiodic variability, to test whether this Doppler colour signature can be distinguished from intrinsic chromatic variability. We found that the Doppler signature can arise by chance in ∼20 per cent (∼37 per cent) of quasars in the nUV (fUV) band. These probabilities reflect the limited quality of the control sample and represent upper limits on how frequently quasars mimic the Doppler brightness+colour variations. We performed separate tests on the periodic quasar candidates, and found that for the majority, the Doppler boost hypothesis requires an unusually steep UV spectrum or an unexpectedly large BH mass and orbital velocity. We conclude that at most approximately one-third of these periodic candidates can harbor Doppler-modulated SMBHBs."}],"citation":{"apa":"Charisi, M., Haiman, Z., Schiminovich, D., &#38; D’Orazio, D. J. (2018). Testing the relativistic Doppler boost hypothesis for supermassive black hole binary candidates. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty516\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty516</a>","ieee":"M. Charisi, Z. Haiman, D. Schiminovich, and D. J. D’Orazio, “Testing the relativistic Doppler boost hypothesis for supermassive black hole binary candidates,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 476, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 4617–4628, 2018.","ama":"Charisi M, Haiman Z, Schiminovich D, D’Orazio DJ. Testing the relativistic Doppler boost hypothesis for supermassive black hole binary candidates. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2018;476(4):4617-4628. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty516\">10.1093/mnras/sty516</a>","mla":"Charisi, Maria, et al. “Testing the Relativistic Doppler Boost Hypothesis for Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidates.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 476, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 4617–28, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty516\">10.1093/mnras/sty516</a>.","ista":"Charisi M, Haiman Z, Schiminovich D, D’Orazio DJ. 2018. Testing the relativistic Doppler boost hypothesis for supermassive black hole binary candidates. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 476(4), 4617–4628.","chicago":"Charisi, Maria, Zoltán Haiman, David Schiminovich, and Daniel J D’Orazio. “Testing the Relativistic Doppler Boost Hypothesis for Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidates.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty516\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty516</a>.","short":"M. Charisi, Z. Haiman, D. Schiminovich, D.J. D’Orazio, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 476 (2018) 4617–4628."},"quality_controlled":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Charisi, Maria","last_name":"Charisi","first_name":"Maria"},{"full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","first_name":"Zoltán"},{"full_name":"Schiminovich, David","last_name":"Schiminovich","first_name":"David"},{"full_name":"D'Orazio, Daniel J","last_name":"D'Orazio","first_name":"Daniel J"}],"title":"Testing the relativistic Doppler boost hypothesis for supermassive black hole binary candidates","page":"4617-4628","date_updated":"2024-09-25T09:56:16Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Published Version","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","doi":"10.1093/mnras/sty516","day":"28","oa":1,"intvolume":"       476","date_published":"2018-02-28T00:00:00Z","year":"2018","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]}},{"date_created":"2024-09-06T08:57:32Z","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"arxiv":["1711.10524"]},"_id":"17713","scopus_import":"1","issue":"03","month":"03","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ista":"Liu J, Bird S, Matilla JMZ, Hill JC, Haiman Z, Madhavacheril MS, Petri A, Spergel DN. 2018. MassiveNuS: Cosmological massive neutrino simulations. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. 2018(03), 049–049.","chicago":"Liu, Jia, Simeon Bird, José Manuel Zorrilla Matilla, J. Colin Hill, Zoltán Haiman, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Andrea Petri, and David N. Spergel. “MassiveNuS: Cosmological Massive Neutrino Simulations.” <i>Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics</i>. IOP Publishing, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2018/03/049\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2018/03/049</a>.","mla":"Liu, Jia, et al. “MassiveNuS: Cosmological Massive Neutrino Simulations.” <i>Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics</i>, vol. 2018, no. 03, IOP Publishing, 2018, pp. 049–049, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2018/03/049\">10.1088/1475-7516/2018/03/049</a>.","apa":"Liu, J., Bird, S., Matilla, J. M. Z., Hill, J. C., Haiman, Z., Madhavacheril, M. S., … Spergel, D. N. (2018). MassiveNuS: Cosmological massive neutrino simulations. <i>Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2018/03/049\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2018/03/049</a>","ieee":"J. Liu <i>et al.</i>, “MassiveNuS: Cosmological massive neutrino simulations,” <i>Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics</i>, vol. 2018, no. 03. IOP Publishing, pp. 049–049, 2018.","ama":"Liu J, Bird S, Matilla JMZ, et al. MassiveNuS: Cosmological massive neutrino simulations. <i>Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics</i>. 2018;2018(03):049-049. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2018/03/049\">10.1088/1475-7516/2018/03/049</a>","short":"J. Liu, S. Bird, J.M.Z. Matilla, J.C. Hill, Z. Haiman, M.S. Madhavacheril, A. Petri, D.N. Spergel, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2018 (2018) 049–049."},"extern":"1","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"The non-zero mass of neutrinos suppresses the growth of cosmic structure on small scales. Since the level of suppression depends on the sum of the masses of the three active neutrino species, the evolution of large-scale structure is a promising tool to constrain the total mass of neutrinos and possibly shed light on the mass hierarchy. In this work, we investigate these effects via a large suite of N-body simulations that include massive neutrinos using an analytic linear-response approximation: the Cosmological Massive Neutrino Simulations (MassiveNuS). The simulations include the effects of radiation on the background expansion, as well as the clustering of neutrinos in response to the nonlinear dark matter evolution. We allow three cosmological parameters to vary: the neutrino mass sum M_nu in the range of 0-0.6 eV, the total matter density Omega_m, and the primordial power spectrum amplitude A_s. The rms density fluctuation in spheres of 8 comoving Mpc/h (sigma_8) is a derived parameter as a result. Our data products include N-body snapshots, halo catalogues, merger trees, ray- traced galaxy lensing convergence maps for four source redshift planes between z_s=1-2.5, and ray-traced cosmic microwave background lensing convergence maps. We describe the simulation procedures and code validation in this paper. The data are publicly available at http://columbialensing.org.","lang":"eng"}],"volume":2018,"main_file_link":[{"url":" https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1711.10524","open_access":"1"}],"publisher":"IOP Publishing","oa_version":"Preprint","date_updated":"2024-09-25T12:35:35Z","page":"049-049","author":[{"first_name":"Jia","full_name":"Liu, Jia","last_name":"Liu"},{"full_name":"Bird, Simeon","last_name":"Bird","first_name":"Simeon"},{"first_name":"José Manuel Zorrilla","full_name":"Matilla, José Manuel Zorrilla","last_name":"Matilla"},{"last_name":"Hill","full_name":"Hill, J. Colin","first_name":"J. Colin"},{"id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","first_name":"Zoltán"},{"first_name":"Mathew S.","last_name":"Madhavacheril","full_name":"Madhavacheril, Mathew S."},{"last_name":"Petri","full_name":"Petri, Andrea","first_name":"Andrea"},{"first_name":"David N.","last_name":"Spergel","full_name":"Spergel, David N."}],"title":"MassiveNuS: Cosmological massive neutrino simulations","article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2018-03-29T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"      2018","oa":1,"day":"29","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2018/03/049","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1475-7516"]},"year":"2018","article_type":"original","publication":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","arxiv":1,"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345"},{"date_published":"2018-09-07T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"        15","oa":1,"doi":"10.19086/da.4375","day":"07","year":"2018","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2397-3129"]},"arxiv":1,"publication":"Discrete Analysis","ddc":["512"],"user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","oa_version":"Preprint","page":"1 - 29","date_updated":"2022-08-26T09:13:02Z","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-8314-0177","id":"35827D50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Browning, Timothy D","last_name":"Browning","first_name":"Timothy D"},{"first_name":"Roger","last_name":"Heath-Brown","full_name":"Heath-Brown, Roger"}],"title":"Counting rational points on quadric surfaces","article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"mla":"Browning, Timothy D., and Roger Heath-Brown. “Counting Rational Points on Quadric Surfaces.” <i>Discrete Analysis</i>, vol. 15, Alliance of Diamond Open Access Journals, 2018, pp. 1–29, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.19086/da.4375\">10.19086/da.4375</a>.","chicago":"Browning, Timothy D, and Roger Heath-Brown. “Counting Rational Points on Quadric Surfaces.” <i>Discrete Analysis</i>. Alliance of Diamond Open Access Journals, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.19086/da.4375\">https://doi.org/10.19086/da.4375</a>.","ista":"Browning TD, Heath-Brown R. 2018. Counting rational points on quadric surfaces. Discrete Analysis. 15, 1–29.","apa":"Browning, T. D., &#38; Heath-Brown, R. (2018). Counting rational points on quadric surfaces. <i>Discrete Analysis</i>. Alliance of Diamond Open Access Journals. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.19086/da.4375\">https://doi.org/10.19086/da.4375</a>","ieee":"T. D. Browning and R. Heath-Brown, “Counting rational points on quadric surfaces,” <i>Discrete Analysis</i>, vol. 15. Alliance of Diamond Open Access Journals, pp. 1–29, 2018.","ama":"Browning TD, Heath-Brown R. Counting rational points on quadric surfaces. <i>Discrete Analysis</i>. 2018;15:1-29. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.19086/da.4375\">10.19086/da.4375</a>","short":"T.D. Browning, R. Heath-Brown, Discrete Analysis 15 (2018) 1–29."},"type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We give an upper bound for the number of rational points of height at most B, lying on a surface defined by a quadratic form Q. The bound shows an explicit dependence on Q. It is optimal with respect to B, and is also optimal for typical forms Q."}],"extern":"1","volume":15,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.00979"}],"publisher":"Alliance of Diamond Open Access Journals","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:45:02Z","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"publication_status":"published","external_id":{"arxiv":["1801.00979"]},"_id":"178","month":"09"},{"publication_status":"published","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2020-04-30T10:35:13Z","month":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","article_processing_charge":"No","issue":"2","title":"Origin and segmental diversity of spinal inhibitory interneurons","author":[{"first_name":"Lora Beatrice Jaeger","full_name":"Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger","last_name":"Sweeney","id":"56BE8254-C4F0-11E9-8E45-0B23E6697425","orcid":"0000-0001-9242-5601"},{"full_name":"Bikoff, Jay B.","last_name":"Bikoff","first_name":"Jay B."},{"last_name":"Gabitto","full_name":"Gabitto, Mariano I.","first_name":"Mariano I."},{"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Brenner-Morton","full_name":"Brenner-Morton, Susan"},{"first_name":"Myungin","last_name":"Baek","full_name":"Baek, Myungin"},{"first_name":"Jerry H.","full_name":"Yang, Jerry H.","last_name":"Yang"},{"first_name":"Esteban G.","last_name":"Tabak","full_name":"Tabak, Esteban G."},{"full_name":"Dasen, Jeremy S.","last_name":"Dasen","first_name":"Jeremy S."},{"full_name":"Kintner, Christopher R.","last_name":"Kintner","first_name":"Christopher R."},{"first_name":"Thomas M.","last_name":"Jessell","full_name":"Jessell, Thomas M."}],"_id":"7698","date_updated":"2024-01-31T10:13:54Z","page":"341-355.e3","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0896-6273"]},"article_type":"original","year":"2018","citation":{"apa":"Sweeney, L. B., Bikoff, J. B., Gabitto, M. I., Brenner-Morton, S., Baek, M., Yang, J. H., … Jessell, T. M. (2018). Origin and segmental diversity of spinal inhibitory interneurons. <i>Neuron</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.029\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.029</a>","ama":"Sweeney LB, Bikoff JB, Gabitto MI, et al. Origin and segmental diversity of spinal inhibitory interneurons. <i>Neuron</i>. 2018;97(2):341-355.e3. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.029\">10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.029</a>","ieee":"L. B. Sweeney <i>et al.</i>, “Origin and segmental diversity of spinal inhibitory interneurons,” <i>Neuron</i>, vol. 97, no. 2. Elsevier, p. 341–355.e3, 2018.","ista":"Sweeney LB, Bikoff JB, Gabitto MI, Brenner-Morton S, Baek M, Yang JH, Tabak EG, Dasen JS, Kintner CR, Jessell TM. 2018. Origin and segmental diversity of spinal inhibitory interneurons. Neuron. 97(2), 341–355.e3.","chicago":"Sweeney, Lora B., Jay B. Bikoff, Mariano I. Gabitto, Susan Brenner-Morton, Myungin Baek, Jerry H. Yang, Esteban G. Tabak, Jeremy S. Dasen, Christopher R. Kintner, and Thomas M. Jessell. “Origin and Segmental Diversity of Spinal Inhibitory Interneurons.” <i>Neuron</i>. Elsevier, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.029\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.029</a>.","mla":"Sweeney, Lora B., et al. “Origin and Segmental Diversity of Spinal Inhibitory Interneurons.” <i>Neuron</i>, vol. 97, no. 2, Elsevier, 2018, p. 341–355.e3, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.029\">10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.029</a>.","short":"L.B. Sweeney, J.B. Bikoff, M.I. Gabitto, S. Brenner-Morton, M. Baek, J.H. Yang, E.G. Tabak, J.S. Dasen, C.R. Kintner, T.M. Jessell, Neuron 97 (2018) 341–355.e3."},"extern":"1","type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.029","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Motor output varies along the rostro-caudal axis of the tetrapod spinal cord. At limb levels, ∼60 motor pools control the alternation of flexor and extensor muscles about each joint, whereas at thoracic levels as few as 10 motor pools supply muscle groups that support posture, inspiration, and expiration. Whether such differences in motor neuron identity and muscle number are associated with segmental distinctions in interneuron diversity has not been resolved. We show that select combinations of nineteen transcription factors that specify lumbar V1 inhibitory interneurons generate subpopulations enriched at limb and thoracic levels. Specification of limb and thoracic V1 interneurons involves the Hox gene Hoxc9 independently of motor neurons. Thus, early Hox patterning of the spinal cord determines the identity of V1 interneurons and motor neurons. These studies reveal a developmental program of V1 interneuron diversity, providing insight into the organization of inhibitory interneurons associated with differential motor output."}],"day":"04","date_published":"2018-01-04T00:00:00Z","quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"        97","publisher":"Elsevier","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","volume":97,"publication":"Neuron"},{"title":"Dissection of genetic variation and evidence for pleiotropy in male pattern baldness","author":[{"first_name":"Chloe X.","full_name":"Yap, Chloe X.","last_name":"Yap"},{"last_name":"Sidorenko","full_name":"Sidorenko, Julia","first_name":"Julia"},{"first_name":"Yang","last_name":"Wu","full_name":"Wu, Yang"},{"last_name":"Kemper","full_name":"Kemper, Kathryn E.","first_name":"Kathryn E."},{"last_name":"Yang","full_name":"Yang, Jian","first_name":"Jian"},{"first_name":"Naomi R.","full_name":"Wray, Naomi R.","last_name":"Wray"},{"first_name":"Matthew Richard","id":"E5D42276-F5DA-11E9-8E24-6303E6697425","last_name":"Robinson","full_name":"Robinson, Matthew Richard","orcid":"0000-0001-8982-8813"},{"first_name":"Peter M.","last_name":"Visscher","full_name":"Visscher, Peter M."}],"date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:15:02Z","_id":"7712","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","month":"12","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2020-04-30T10:41:19Z","oa_version":"Published Version","volume":9,"publication":"Nature Communications","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"Springer Nature","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07862-y"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41467-018-07862-y","day":"20","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Male pattern baldness (MPB) is a sex-limited, age-related, complex trait. We study MPB genetics in 205,327 European males from the UK Biobank. Here we show that MPB is strongly heritable and polygenic, with pedigree-heritability of 0.62 (SE = 0.03) estimated from close relatives, and SNP-heritability of 0.39 (SE = 0.01) from conventionally-unrelated males. We detect 624 near-independent genome-wide loci, contributing SNP-heritability of 0.25 (SE = 0.01), of which 26 X-chromosome loci explain 11.6%. Autosomal genetic variance is enriched for common variants and regions of lower linkage disequilibrium. We identify plausible genetic correlations between MPB and multiple sex-limited markers of earlier puberty, increased bone mineral density (rg = 0.15) and pancreatic β-cell function (rg = 0.12). Correlations with reproductive traits imply an effect on fitness, consistent with an estimated linear selection gradient of -0.018 per MPB standard deviation. Overall, we provide genetic insights into MPB: a phenotype of interest in its own right, with value as a model sex-limited, complex trait."}],"extern":"1","type":"journal_article","oa":1,"citation":{"short":"C.X. Yap, J. Sidorenko, Y. Wu, K.E. Kemper, J. Yang, N.R. Wray, M.R. Robinson, P.M. Visscher, Nature Communications 9 (2018).","chicago":"Yap, Chloe X., Julia Sidorenko, Yang Wu, Kathryn E. Kemper, Jian Yang, Naomi R. Wray, Matthew Richard Robinson, and Peter M. Visscher. “Dissection of Genetic Variation and Evidence for Pleiotropy in Male Pattern Baldness.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07862-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07862-y</a>.","ista":"Yap CX, Sidorenko J, Wu Y, Kemper KE, Yang J, Wray NR, Robinson MR, Visscher PM. 2018. Dissection of genetic variation and evidence for pleiotropy in male pattern baldness. Nature Communications. 9, 5407.","mla":"Yap, Chloe X., et al. “Dissection of Genetic Variation and Evidence for Pleiotropy in Male Pattern Baldness.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 9, 5407, Springer Nature, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07862-y\">10.1038/s41467-018-07862-y</a>.","ieee":"C. X. Yap <i>et al.</i>, “Dissection of genetic variation and evidence for pleiotropy in male pattern baldness,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 9. Springer Nature, 2018.","ama":"Yap CX, Sidorenko J, Wu Y, et al. Dissection of genetic variation and evidence for pleiotropy in male pattern baldness. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2018;9. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07862-y\">10.1038/s41467-018-07862-y</a>","apa":"Yap, C. X., Sidorenko, J., Wu, Y., Kemper, K. E., Yang, J., Wray, N. R., … Visscher, P. M. (2018). Dissection of genetic variation and evidence for pleiotropy in male pattern baldness. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07862-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07862-y</a>"},"quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"         9","date_published":"2018-12-20T00:00:00Z","article_number":"5407","year":"2018","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2041-1723"]},"article_type":"original"},{"publisher":"Springer Nature","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04191-y","open_access":"1"}],"volume":9,"publication":"Nature Communications","article_number":"1865","article_type":"original","year":"2018","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2041-1723"]},"oa":1,"citation":{"short":"J. Guo, Y. Wu, Z. Zhu, Z. Zheng, M. Trzaskowski, J. Zeng, M.R. Robinson, P.M. Visscher, J. Yang, Nature Communications 9 (2018).","ieee":"J. Guo <i>et al.</i>, “Global genetic differentiation of complex traits shaped by natural selection in humans,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 9. Springer Nature, 2018.","apa":"Guo, J., Wu, Y., Zhu, Z., Zheng, Z., Trzaskowski, M., Zeng, J., … Yang, J. (2018). Global genetic differentiation of complex traits shaped by natural selection in humans. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04191-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04191-y</a>","ama":"Guo J, Wu Y, Zhu Z, et al. Global genetic differentiation of complex traits shaped by natural selection in humans. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2018;9. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04191-y\">10.1038/s41467-018-04191-y</a>","chicago":"Guo, Jing, Yang Wu, Zhihong Zhu, Zhili Zheng, Maciej Trzaskowski, Jian Zeng, Matthew Richard Robinson, Peter M. Visscher, and Jian Yang. “Global Genetic Differentiation of Complex Traits Shaped by Natural Selection in Humans.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04191-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04191-y</a>.","ista":"Guo J, Wu Y, Zhu Z, Zheng Z, Trzaskowski M, Zeng J, Robinson MR, Visscher PM, Yang J. 2018. Global genetic differentiation of complex traits shaped by natural selection in humans. Nature Communications. 9, 1865.","mla":"Guo, Jing, et al. “Global Genetic Differentiation of Complex Traits Shaped by Natural Selection in Humans.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 9, 1865, Springer Nature, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04191-y\">10.1038/s41467-018-04191-y</a>."},"abstract":[{"text":"There are mean differences in complex traits among global human populations. We hypothesize that part of the phenotypic differentiation is due to natural selection. To address this hypothesis, we assess the differentiation in allele frequencies of trait-associated SNPs among African, Eastern Asian, and European populations for ten complex traits using data of large sample size (up to ~405,000). We show that SNPs associated with height (P=2.46×10−5), waist-to-hip ratio (P=2.77×10−4), and schizophrenia (P=3.96×10−5) are significantly more differentiated among populations than matched “control” SNPs, suggesting that these trait-associated SNPs have undergone natural selection. We further find that SNPs associated with height (P=2.01×10−6) and schizophrenia (P=5.16×10−18) show significantly higher variance in linkage disequilibrium (LD) scores across populations than control SNPs. Our results support the hypothesis that natural selection has shaped the genetic differentiation of complex traits, such as height and schizophrenia, among worldwide populations.","lang":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","day":"14","doi":"10.1038/s41467-018-04191-y","extern":"1","date_published":"2018-05-14T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"         9","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"05","status":"public","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Global genetic differentiation of complex traits shaped by natural selection in humans","author":[{"last_name":"Guo","full_name":"Guo, Jing","first_name":"Jing"},{"first_name":"Yang","last_name":"Wu","full_name":"Wu, Yang"},{"first_name":"Zhihong","last_name":"Zhu","full_name":"Zhu, Zhihong"},{"first_name":"Zhili","last_name":"Zheng","full_name":"Zheng, Zhili"},{"last_name":"Trzaskowski","full_name":"Trzaskowski, Maciej","first_name":"Maciej"},{"first_name":"Jian","last_name":"Zeng","full_name":"Zeng, Jian"},{"first_name":"Matthew Richard","id":"E5D42276-F5DA-11E9-8E24-6303E6697425","full_name":"Robinson, Matthew Richard","last_name":"Robinson","orcid":"0000-0001-8982-8813"},{"last_name":"Visscher","full_name":"Visscher, Peter M.","first_name":"Peter M."},{"first_name":"Jian","full_name":"Yang, Jian","last_name":"Yang"}],"_id":"7713","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:15:02Z","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2020-04-30T10:41:36Z"},{"quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"         9","date_published":"2018-01-15T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1038/s41467-017-02317-2","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"Health risk factors such as body mass index (BMI) and serum cholesterol are associated with many common diseases. It often remains unclear whether the risk factors are cause or consequence of disease, or whether the associations are the result of confounding. We develop and apply a method (called GSMR) that performs a multi-SNP Mendelian randomization analysis using summary-level data from genome-wide association studies to test the causal associations of BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, serum cholesterols, blood pressures, height, and years of schooling (EduYears) with common diseases (sample sizes of up to 405,072). We identify a number of causal associations including a protective effect of LDL-cholesterol against type-2 diabetes (T2D) that might explain the side effects of statins on T2D, a protective effect of EduYears against Alzheimer’s disease, and bidirectional associations with opposite effects (e.g., higher BMI increases the risk of T2D but the effect of T2D on BMI is negative).","lang":"eng"}],"day":"15","extern":"1","oa":1,"citation":{"short":"Z. Zhu, Z. Zheng, F. Zhang, Y. Wu, M. Trzaskowski, R. Maier, M.R. Robinson, J.J. McGrath, P.M. Visscher, N.R. Wray, J. Yang, Nature Communications 9 (2018).","mla":"Zhu, Zhihong, et al. “Causal Associations between Risk Factors and Common Diseases Inferred from GWAS Summary Data.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 9, 224, Springer Nature, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02317-2\">10.1038/s41467-017-02317-2</a>.","ista":"Zhu Z, Zheng Z, Zhang F, Wu Y, Trzaskowski M, Maier R, Robinson MR, McGrath JJ, Visscher PM, Wray NR, Yang J. 2018. Causal associations between risk factors and common diseases inferred from GWAS summary data. Nature Communications. 9, 224.","chicago":"Zhu, Zhihong, Zhili Zheng, Futao Zhang, Yang Wu, Maciej Trzaskowski, Robert Maier, Matthew Richard Robinson, et al. “Causal Associations between Risk Factors and Common Diseases Inferred from GWAS Summary Data.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02317-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02317-2</a>.","apa":"Zhu, Z., Zheng, Z., Zhang, F., Wu, Y., Trzaskowski, M., Maier, R., … Yang, J. (2018). Causal associations between risk factors and common diseases inferred from GWAS summary data. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02317-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02317-2</a>","ama":"Zhu Z, Zheng Z, Zhang F, et al. Causal associations between risk factors and common diseases inferred from GWAS summary data. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2018;9. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02317-2\">10.1038/s41467-017-02317-2</a>","ieee":"Z. Zhu <i>et al.</i>, “Causal associations between risk factors and common diseases inferred from GWAS summary data,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 9. Springer Nature, 2018."},"year":"2018","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2041-1723"]},"article_number":"224","publication":"Nature Communications","volume":9,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02317-2"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"Springer Nature","date_created":"2020-04-30T10:41:55Z","oa_version":"Published Version","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:15:03Z","_id":"7714","author":[{"first_name":"Zhihong","last_name":"Zhu","full_name":"Zhu, Zhihong"},{"last_name":"Zheng","full_name":"Zheng, Zhili","first_name":"Zhili"},{"last_name":"Zhang","full_name":"Zhang, Futao","first_name":"Futao"},{"first_name":"Yang","last_name":"Wu","full_name":"Wu, Yang"},{"last_name":"Trzaskowski","full_name":"Trzaskowski, Maciej","first_name":"Maciej"},{"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Maier","full_name":"Maier, Robert"},{"full_name":"Robinson, Matthew Richard","last_name":"Robinson","id":"E5D42276-F5DA-11E9-8E24-6303E6697425","orcid":"0000-0001-8982-8813","first_name":"Matthew Richard"},{"first_name":"John J.","last_name":"McGrath","full_name":"McGrath, John J."},{"last_name":"Visscher","full_name":"Visscher, Peter M.","first_name":"Peter M."},{"first_name":"Naomi R.","full_name":"Wray, Naomi R.","last_name":"Wray"},{"first_name":"Jian","full_name":"Yang, Jian","last_name":"Yang"}],"title":"Causal associations between risk factors and common diseases inferred from GWAS summary data","article_processing_charge":"No","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","month":"01"},{"oa_version":"None","date_created":"2020-04-30T10:42:12Z","publication_status":"published","article_processing_charge":"No","issue":"12","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","month":"11","page":"948-954","_id":"7715","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:15:03Z","author":[{"first_name":"Loic","last_name":"Yengo","full_name":"Yengo, Loic"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8982-8813","full_name":"Robinson, Matthew Richard","last_name":"Robinson","id":"E5D42276-F5DA-11E9-8E24-6303E6697425","first_name":"Matthew Richard"},{"last_name":"Keller","full_name":"Keller, Matthew C.","first_name":"Matthew C."},{"full_name":"Kemper, Kathryn E.","last_name":"Kemper","first_name":"Kathryn E."},{"last_name":"Yang","full_name":"Yang, Yuanhao","first_name":"Yuanhao"},{"last_name":"Trzaskowski","full_name":"Trzaskowski, Maciej","first_name":"Maciej"},{"first_name":"Jacob","full_name":"Gratten, Jacob","last_name":"Gratten"},{"full_name":"Turley, Patrick","last_name":"Turley","first_name":"Patrick"},{"full_name":"Cesarini, David","last_name":"Cesarini","first_name":"David"},{"first_name":"Daniel J.","full_name":"Benjamin, Daniel J.","last_name":"Benjamin"},{"first_name":"Naomi R.","last_name":"Wray","full_name":"Wray, Naomi R."},{"first_name":"Michael E.","full_name":"Goddard, Michael E.","last_name":"Goddard"},{"last_name":"Yang","full_name":"Yang, Jian","first_name":"Jian"},{"last_name":"Visscher","full_name":"Visscher, Peter M.","first_name":"Peter M."}],"title":"Imprint of assortative mating on the human genome","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2397-3374"]},"year":"2018","article_type":"original","date_published":"2018-11-26T00:00:00Z","quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"         2","citation":{"apa":"Yengo, L., Robinson, M. R., Keller, M. C., Kemper, K. E., Yang, Y., Trzaskowski, M., … Visscher, P. M. (2018). Imprint of assortative mating on the human genome. <i>Nature Human Behaviour</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0476-3\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0476-3</a>","ama":"Yengo L, Robinson MR, Keller MC, et al. Imprint of assortative mating on the human genome. <i>Nature Human Behaviour</i>. 2018;2(12):948-954. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0476-3\">10.1038/s41562-018-0476-3</a>","ieee":"L. Yengo <i>et al.</i>, “Imprint of assortative mating on the human genome,” <i>Nature Human Behaviour</i>, vol. 2, no. 12. Springer Nature, pp. 948–954, 2018.","mla":"Yengo, Loic, et al. “Imprint of Assortative Mating on the Human Genome.” <i>Nature Human Behaviour</i>, vol. 2, no. 12, Springer Nature, 2018, pp. 948–54, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0476-3\">10.1038/s41562-018-0476-3</a>.","chicago":"Yengo, Loic, Matthew Richard Robinson, Matthew C. Keller, Kathryn E. Kemper, Yuanhao Yang, Maciej Trzaskowski, Jacob Gratten, et al. “Imprint of Assortative Mating on the Human Genome.” <i>Nature Human Behaviour</i>. Springer Nature, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0476-3\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0476-3</a>.","ista":"Yengo L, Robinson MR, Keller MC, Kemper KE, Yang Y, Trzaskowski M, Gratten J, Turley P, Cesarini D, Benjamin DJ, Wray NR, Goddard ME, Yang J, Visscher PM. 2018. Imprint of assortative mating on the human genome. Nature Human Behaviour. 2(12), 948–954.","short":"L. Yengo, M.R. Robinson, M.C. Keller, K.E. Kemper, Y. Yang, M. Trzaskowski, J. Gratten, P. Turley, D. Cesarini, D.J. Benjamin, N.R. Wray, M.E. Goddard, J. Yang, P.M. Visscher, Nature Human Behaviour 2 (2018) 948–954."},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Preference for mates with similar phenotypes; that is, assortative mating, is widely observed in humans1,2,3,4,5 and has evolutionary consequences6,7,8. Under Fisher's classical theory6, assortative mating is predicted to induce a signature in the genome at trait-associated loci that can be detected and quantified. Here, we develop and apply a method to quantify assortative mating on a specific trait by estimating the correlation (θ) between genetic predictors of the trait from single nucleotide polymorphisms on odd- versus even-numbered chromosomes. We show by theory and simulation that the effect of assortative mating can be quantified in the presence of population stratification. We applied this approach to 32 complex traits and diseases using single nucleotide polymorphism data from ~400,000 unrelated individuals of European ancestry. We found significant evidence of assortative mating for height (θ = 3.2%) and educational attainment (θ = 2.7%), both of which were consistent with theoretical predictions. Overall, our results imply that assortative mating involves multiple traits and affects the genomic architecture of loci that are associated with these traits, and that the consequence of mate choice can be detected from a random sample of genomes."}],"doi":"10.1038/s41562-018-0476-3","type":"journal_article","day":"26","extern":"1","publisher":"Springer Nature","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":2}]