[{"issue":"6","date_created":"2018-12-20T21:13:59Z","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1016/j.coviro.2016.02.008","ddc":["570"],"intvolume":"        18","title":"Retrovirus maturation—an extraordinary structural transformation","oa":1,"date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:03:22Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","volume":18,"_id":"5771","page":"27-35","publication":"Current Opinion in Virology","citation":{"apa":"Mattei, S., Schur, F. K., &#38; Briggs, J. A. (2016). Retrovirus maturation—an extraordinary structural transformation. <i>Current Opinion in Virology</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2016.02.008\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2016.02.008</a>","chicago":"Mattei, Simone, Florian KM Schur, and John AG Briggs. “Retrovirus Maturation—an Extraordinary Structural Transformation.” <i>Current Opinion in Virology</i>. Elsevier, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2016.02.008\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2016.02.008</a>.","ama":"Mattei S, Schur FK, Briggs JA. Retrovirus maturation—an extraordinary structural transformation. <i>Current Opinion in Virology</i>. 2016;18(6):27-35. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2016.02.008\">10.1016/j.coviro.2016.02.008</a>","ieee":"S. Mattei, F. K. Schur, and J. A. Briggs, “Retrovirus maturation—an extraordinary structural transformation,” <i>Current Opinion in Virology</i>, vol. 18, no. 6. Elsevier, pp. 27–35, 2016.","mla":"Mattei, Simone, et al. “Retrovirus Maturation—an Extraordinary Structural Transformation.” <i>Current Opinion in Virology</i>, vol. 18, no. 6, Elsevier, 2016, pp. 27–35, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2016.02.008\">10.1016/j.coviro.2016.02.008</a>.","ista":"Mattei S, Schur FK, Briggs JA. 2016. Retrovirus maturation—an extraordinary structural transformation. Current Opinion in Virology. 18(6), 27–35.","short":"S. Mattei, F.K. Schur, J.A. Briggs, Current Opinion in Virology 18 (2016) 27–35."},"file":[{"date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:11Z","file_id":"5812","file_size":1773842,"relation":"main_file","file_name":"2016_CurrentOpinion_Mattei.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2019-01-09T13:05:44Z","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","checksum":"320939d28ebd1adfb122338019892508"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Retroviruses such as HIV-1 assemble and bud from infected cells in an immature, non-infectious form. Subsequently, a series of proteolytic cleavages catalysed by the viral protease leads to a spectacular structural rearrangement of the viral particle into a mature form that is competent to fuse with and infect a new cell. Maturation involves changes in the structures of protein domains, in the interactions between protein domains, and in the architecture of the viral components that are assembled by the proteins. Tight control of proteolytic cleavages at different sites is required for successful maturation, and the process is a major target of antiretroviral drugs. Here we will describe what is known about the structures of immature and mature retrovirus particles, and about the maturation process by which one transitions into the other. Despite a wealth of available data, fundamental questions about retroviral maturation remain unanswered.","lang":"eng"}],"year":"2016","publisher":"Elsevier","month":"03","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:11Z","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","date_published":"2016-03-22T00:00:00Z","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1879-6257"]},"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa_version":"Published Version","extern":"1","day":"22","has_accepted_license":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2016.02.008","author":[{"first_name":"Simone","last_name":"Mattei","full_name":"Mattei, Simone"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-4790-8078","first_name":"Florian","id":"48AD8942-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Schur","full_name":"Schur, Florian"},{"first_name":"John AG","full_name":"Briggs, John AG","last_name":"Briggs"}]},{"author":[{"full_name":"Sen, Nabhasmita","last_name":"Sen","first_name":"Nabhasmita"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-5372-7890","first_name":"Ranita","id":"3C2B033E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Biswas, Ranita","last_name":"Biswas"},{"full_name":"Bhowmick, Partha","last_name":"Bhowmick","first_name":"Partha"}],"department":[{"_id":"HeEd"}],"alternative_title":["LNCS"],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39441-1_23","place":"Cham","day":"02","extern":"1","oa_version":"None","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1611-3349"],"isbn":["978-3-319-39440-4"],"eisbn":["978-3-319-39441-1"],"issn":["0302-9743"]},"status":"public","date_published":"2016-06-02T00:00:00Z","publication_status":"published","type":"book_chapter","month":"06","publisher":"Springer Nature","year":"2016","article_processing_charge":"No","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Discretization of sphere in the integer space follows a particular discretization scheme, which, in principle, conforms to some topological model. This eventually gives rise to interesting topological properties of a discrete spherical surface, which need to be investigated for its analytical characterization. This paper presents some novel results on the local topological properties of the naive model of discrete sphere. They follow from the bijection of each quadraginta octant of naive sphere with its projection map called f -map on the corresponding functional plane and from the characterization of certain jumps in the f-map. As an application, we have shown how these properties can be used in designing an efficient reconstruction algorithm for a naive spherical surface from an input voxel set when it is sparse or noisy."}],"conference":{"end_date":"2016-06-17","start_date":"2016-06-15","location":"Marseille, France","name":"CTIC: Computational Topology in Image Context"},"citation":{"short":"N. Sen, R. Biswas, P. Bhowmick, in:, Computational Topology in Image Context, Springer Nature, Cham, 2016, pp. 253–264.","ista":"Sen N, Biswas R, Bhowmick P. 2016.On some local topological properties of naive discrete sphere. In: Computational Topology in Image Context. LNCS, vol. 9667, 253–264.","ieee":"N. Sen, R. Biswas, and P. Bhowmick, “On some local topological properties of naive discrete sphere,” in <i>Computational Topology in Image Context</i>, vol. 9667, Cham: Springer Nature, 2016, pp. 253–264.","mla":"Sen, Nabhasmita, et al. “On Some Local Topological Properties of Naive Discrete Sphere.” <i>Computational Topology in Image Context</i>, vol. 9667, Springer Nature, 2016, pp. 253–64, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39441-1_23\">10.1007/978-3-319-39441-1_23</a>.","ama":"Sen N, Biswas R, Bhowmick P. On some local topological properties of naive discrete sphere. In: <i>Computational Topology in Image Context</i>. Vol 9667. Cham: Springer Nature; 2016:253-264. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39441-1_23\">10.1007/978-3-319-39441-1_23</a>","chicago":"Sen, Nabhasmita, Ranita Biswas, and Partha Bhowmick. “On Some Local Topological Properties of Naive Discrete Sphere.” In <i>Computational Topology in Image Context</i>, 9667:253–64. Cham: Springer Nature, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39441-1_23\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39441-1_23</a>.","apa":"Sen, N., Biswas, R., &#38; Bhowmick, P. (2016). On some local topological properties of naive discrete sphere. In <i>Computational Topology in Image Context</i> (Vol. 9667, pp. 253–264). Cham: Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39441-1_23\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39441-1_23</a>"},"publication":"Computational Topology in Image Context","page":"253-264","_id":"5805","volume":9667,"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","date_updated":"2022-01-28T08:01:22Z","title":"On some local topological properties of naive discrete sphere","intvolume":"      9667","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-39441-1_23","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","date_created":"2019-01-08T20:44:24Z"},{"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","title":"On functionality of quadraginta octants of naive sphere with application to circle drawing","date_updated":"2022-01-28T08:10:11Z","publication":"Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery","citation":{"mla":"Biswas, Ranita, and Partha Bhowmick. “On Functionality of Quadraginta Octants of Naive Sphere with Application to Circle Drawing.” <i>Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery</i>, vol. 9647, Springer Nature, 2016, pp. 256–67, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32360-2_20\">10.1007/978-3-319-32360-2_20</a>.","ieee":"R. Biswas and P. Bhowmick, “On functionality of quadraginta octants of naive sphere with application to circle drawing,” in <i>Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery</i>, Nantes, France, 2016, vol. 9647, pp. 256–267.","ista":"Biswas R, Bhowmick P. 2016. On functionality of quadraginta octants of naive sphere with application to circle drawing. Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery. DGCI: International Conference on Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery, LNCS, vol. 9647, 256–267.","short":"R. Biswas, P. Bhowmick, in:, Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery, Springer Nature, Cham, 2016, pp. 256–267.","apa":"Biswas, R., &#38; Bhowmick, P. (2016). On functionality of quadraginta octants of naive sphere with application to circle drawing. In <i>Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery</i> (Vol. 9647, pp. 256–267). Cham: Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32360-2_20\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32360-2_20</a>","chicago":"Biswas, Ranita, and Partha Bhowmick. “On Functionality of Quadraginta Octants of Naive Sphere with Application to Circle Drawing.” In <i>Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery</i>, 9647:256–67. Cham: Springer Nature, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32360-2_20\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32360-2_20</a>.","ama":"Biswas R, Bhowmick P. On functionality of quadraginta octants of naive sphere with application to circle drawing. In: <i>Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery</i>. Vol 9647. Cham: Springer Nature; 2016:256-267. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32360-2_20\">10.1007/978-3-319-32360-2_20</a>"},"volume":9647,"_id":"5806","page":"256-267","date_created":"2019-01-08T20:44:37Z","quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"      9647","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-32360-2_20","day":"09","extern":"1","place":"Cham","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"eisbn":["978-3-319-32360-2"],"isbn":["978-3-319-32359-6"]},"oa_version":"None","alternative_title":["LNCS"],"department":[{"_id":"HeEd"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Ranita","orcid":"0000-0002-5372-7890","id":"3C2B033E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Biswas","full_name":"Biswas, Ranita"},{"full_name":"Bhowmick, Partha","last_name":"Bhowmick","first_name":"Partha"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32360-2_20","month":"04","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Although the concept of functional plane for naive plane is studied and reported in the literature in great detail, no similar study is yet found for naive sphere. This article exposes the first study in this line, opening up further prospects of analyzing the topological properties of sphere in the discrete space. We show that each quadraginta octant Q of a naive sphere forms a bijection with its projected pixel set on a unique coordinate plane, which thereby serves as the functional plane of Q, and hence gives rise to merely mono-jumps during back projection. The other two coordinate planes serve as para-functional and dia-functional planes for Q, as the former is ‘mono-jumping’ but not bijective, whereas the latter holds neither of the two. Owing to this, the quadraginta octants form symmetry groups and subgroups with equivalent jump conditions. We also show a potential application in generating a special class of discrete 3D circles based on back projection and jump bridging by Steiner voxels. A circle in this class possesses 4-symmetry, uniqueness, and bounded distance from the underlying real sphere and real plane."}],"conference":{"name":"DGCI: International Conference on Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery","end_date":"2016-04-20","start_date":"2016-04-18","location":"Nantes, France"},"publisher":"Springer Nature","article_processing_charge":"No","year":"2016","publication_status":"published","date_published":"2016-04-09T00:00:00Z","status":"public","type":"conference"},{"publication_status":"published","date_published":"2016-01-06T00:00:00Z","status":"public","type":"book_chapter","month":"01","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A discrete spherical circle is a topologically well-connected 3D circle in the integer space, which belongs to a discrete sphere as well as a discrete plane. It is one of the most important 3D geometric primitives, but has not possibly yet been studied up to its merit. This paper is a maiden exposition of some of its elementary properties, which indicates a sense of its profound theoretical prospects in the framework of digital geometry. We have shown how different types of discretization can lead to forbidden and admissible classes, when one attempts to define the discretization of a spherical circle in terms of intersection between a discrete sphere and a discrete plane. Several fundamental theoretical results have been presented, the algorithm for construction of discrete spherical circles has been discussed, and some test results have been furnished to demonstrate its practicality and usefulness."}],"conference":{"end_date":"2015-11-27","start_date":"2015-11-24","location":"Kolkata, India","name":"IWCIA: International Workshop on Combinatorial Image Analysis"},"publisher":"Springer Nature","article_processing_charge":"No","year":"2016","department":[{"_id":"HeEd"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Biswas, Ranita","last_name":"Biswas","id":"3C2B033E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Ranita","orcid":"0000-0002-5372-7890"},{"first_name":"Partha","last_name":"Bhowmick","full_name":"Bhowmick, Partha"},{"first_name":"Valentin E.","full_name":"Brimkov, Valentin E.","last_name":"Brimkov"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26145-4_7","day":"06","extern":"1","place":"Cham","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-319-26144-7"],"eissn":["1611-3349"],"issn":["0302-9743"],"eisbn":["978-3-319-26145-4"]},"oa_version":"None","intvolume":"      9448","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-26145-4_7","date_created":"2019-01-08T20:45:19Z","quality_controlled":"1","publication":"Combinatorial image analysis","citation":{"mla":"Biswas, Ranita, et al. “On the Connectivity and Smoothness of Discrete Spherical Circles.” <i>Combinatorial Image Analysis</i>, vol. 9448, Springer Nature, 2016, pp. 86–100, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26145-4_7\">10.1007/978-3-319-26145-4_7</a>.","ieee":"R. Biswas, P. Bhowmick, and V. E. Brimkov, “On the connectivity and smoothness of discrete spherical circles,” in <i>Combinatorial image analysis</i>, vol. 9448, Cham: Springer Nature, 2016, pp. 86–100.","ista":"Biswas R, Bhowmick P, Brimkov VE. 2016.On the connectivity and smoothness of discrete spherical circles. In: Combinatorial image analysis. vol. 9448, 86–100.","short":"R. Biswas, P. Bhowmick, V.E. Brimkov, in:, Combinatorial Image Analysis, Springer Nature, Cham, 2016, pp. 86–100.","apa":"Biswas, R., Bhowmick, P., &#38; Brimkov, V. E. (2016). On the connectivity and smoothness of discrete spherical circles. In <i>Combinatorial image analysis</i> (Vol. 9448, pp. 86–100). Cham: Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26145-4_7\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26145-4_7</a>","chicago":"Biswas, Ranita, Partha Bhowmick, and Valentin E. Brimkov. “On the Connectivity and Smoothness of Discrete Spherical Circles.” In <i>Combinatorial Image Analysis</i>, 9448:86–100. Cham: Springer Nature, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26145-4_7\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26145-4_7</a>.","ama":"Biswas R, Bhowmick P, Brimkov VE. On the connectivity and smoothness of discrete spherical circles. In: <i>Combinatorial Image Analysis</i>. Vol 9448. Cham: Springer Nature; 2016:86-100. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26145-4_7\">10.1007/978-3-319-26145-4_7</a>"},"_id":"5809","volume":9448,"page":"86-100","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","title":"On the connectivity and smoothness of discrete spherical circles","date_updated":"2022-01-28T08:13:03Z"},{"page":"1552 - 1555","_id":"587","volume":352,"arxiv":1,"citation":{"ista":"Hosten O, Krishnakumar R, Engelsen N, Kasevich M. 2016. Quantum phase magnification, American Association for the Advancement of Science,p.","short":"O. Hosten, R. Krishnakumar, N. Engelsen, M. Kasevich, Quantum Phase Magnification, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2016.","ieee":"O. Hosten, R. Krishnakumar, N. Engelsen, and M. Kasevich, <i>Quantum phase magnification</i>, vol. 352. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2016, pp. 1552–1555.","mla":"Hosten, Onur, et al. <i>Quantum Phase Magnification</i>. Vol. 352, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2016, pp. 1552–55, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf3397\">10.1126/science.aaf3397</a>.","chicago":"Hosten, Onur, Rajiv Krishnakumar, Nils Engelsen, and Mark Kasevich. <i>Quantum Phase Magnification</i>. Vol. 352. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf3397\">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf3397</a>.","ama":"Hosten O, Krishnakumar R, Engelsen N, Kasevich M. <i>Quantum Phase Magnification</i>. Vol 352. American Association for the Advancement of Science; 2016:1552-1555. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf3397\">10.1126/science.aaf3397</a>","apa":"Hosten, O., Krishnakumar, R., Engelsen, N., &#38; Kasevich, M. (2016). <i>Quantum phase magnification</i> (Vol. 352, pp. 1552–1555). American Association for the Advancement of Science. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf3397\">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf3397</a>"},"date_updated":"2026-05-20T07:21:32Z","title":"Quantum phase magnification","OA_type":"green","oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":" https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1601.07683","open_access":"1"}],"user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","doi":"10.1126/science.aaf3397","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"       352","external_id":{"arxiv":["1601.07683"],"pmid":["27339982"]},"pmid":1,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:47:21Z","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf3397","OA_place":"repository","author":[{"last_name":"Hosten","full_name":"Hosten, Onur","orcid":"0000-0002-2031-204X","first_name":"Onur","id":"4C02D85E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Rajiv","full_name":"Krishnakumar, Rajiv","last_name":"Krishnakumar"},{"last_name":"Engelsen","full_name":"Engelsen, Nils","first_name":"Nils"},{"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Kasevich","full_name":"Kasevich, Mark"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","publication_identifier":{"eisbn":["1095-9203"],"issn":["0036-8075"]},"publist_id":"7214","day":"24","extern":"1","type":"report","status":"public","date_published":"2016-06-24T00:00:00Z","publication_status":"published","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","year":"2016","article_processing_charge":"No","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Quantum metrology exploits entangled states of particles to improve sensing precision beyond the limit achievable with uncorrelated particles. All previous methods required detection noise levels below this standard quantum limit to realize the benefits of the intrinsic sensitivity provided by these states.We experimentally demonstrate a widely applicable method for entanglement-enhanced measurements without low-noise detection. The method involves an intermediate quantum phase magnification step that eases implementation complexity. We used it to perform squeezed-state metrology 8 decibels below the standard quantum limit with a detection system that has a noise floor 10 decibels above the standard quantum limit."}],"month":"06"},{"intvolume":"       529","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1038/nature16176","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:47:21Z","quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"pmid":[" 26751056"]},"pmid":1,"publication":"Nature","citation":{"mla":"Hosten, Onur, et al. “Measurement Noise 100 Times Lower than the Quantum-Projection Limit Using Entangled Atoms.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 529, Springer Nature, 2016, pp. 505–08, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16176\">10.1038/nature16176</a>.","ieee":"O. Hosten, N. Engelsen, R. Krishnakumar, and M. Kasevich, “Measurement noise 100 times lower than the quantum-projection limit using entangled atoms,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 529. Springer Nature, pp. 505–508, 2016.","ista":"Hosten O, Engelsen N, Krishnakumar R, Kasevich M. 2016. Measurement noise 100 times lower than the quantum-projection limit using entangled atoms. Nature. 529, 505–508.","short":"O. Hosten, N. Engelsen, R. Krishnakumar, M. Kasevich, Nature 529 (2016) 505–508.","apa":"Hosten, O., Engelsen, N., Krishnakumar, R., &#38; Kasevich, M. (2016). Measurement noise 100 times lower than the quantum-projection limit using entangled atoms. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16176\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16176</a>","chicago":"Hosten, Onur, Nils Engelsen, Rajiv Krishnakumar, and Mark Kasevich. “Measurement Noise 100 Times Lower than the Quantum-Projection Limit Using Entangled Atoms.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16176\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16176</a>.","ama":"Hosten O, Engelsen N, Krishnakumar R, Kasevich M. Measurement noise 100 times lower than the quantum-projection limit using entangled atoms. <i>Nature</i>. 2016;529:505-508. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16176\">10.1038/nature16176</a>"},"_id":"588","volume":529,"page":"505 - 508","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","OA_type":"closed access","title":"Measurement noise 100 times lower than the quantum-projection limit using entangled atoms","date_updated":"2026-05-20T07:16:23Z","scopus_import":"1","publication_status":"published","date_published":"2016-01-28T00:00:00Z","status":"public","type":"journal_article","month":"01","abstract":[{"text":"Quantum metrology uses quantum entanglement - correlations in the properties of microscopic systems - to improve the statistical precision of physical measurements. When measuring a signal, such as the phase shift of a light beam or an atomic state, a prominent limitation to achievable precision arises from the noise associated with the counting of uncorrelated probe particles. This noise, commonly referred to as shot noise or projection noise, gives rise to the standard quantum limit (SQL) to phase resolution. However, it can be mitigated down to the fundamental Heisenberg limit by entangling the probe particles. Despite considerable experimental progress in a variety of physical systems, a question that persists is whether these methods can achieve performance levels that compare favourably with optimized conventional (non-entangled) systems. Here we demonstrate an approach that achieves unprecedented levels of metrological improvement using half a million 87Rb atoms in their 'clock' states. The ensemble is 20.1 ± 0.3 decibels (100-fold) spin-squeezed via an optical-cavity-based measurement. We directly resolve small microwave-induced rotations 18.5 ± 0.3 decibels (70-fold) beyond the SQL. The single-shot phase resolution of 147 microradians achieved by the apparatus is better than that achieved by the best engineered cold atom sensors despite lower atom numbers. We infer entanglement of more than 680 ± 35 particles in the atomic ensemble. Applications include atomic clocks, inertial sensors, and fundamental physics experiments such as tests of general relativity or searches for electron electric dipole moment. To this end, we demonstrate an atomic clock measurement with a quantum enhancement of 10.5 ± 0.3 decibels (11-fold), limited by the phase noise of our microwave source.","lang":"eng"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","article_processing_charge":"No","year":"2016","article_type":"original","author":[{"id":"4C02D85E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Onur","orcid":"0000-0002-2031-204X","last_name":"Hosten","full_name":"Hosten, Onur"},{"full_name":"Engelsen, Nils","last_name":"Engelsen","first_name":"Nils"},{"last_name":"Krishnakumar","full_name":"Krishnakumar, Rajiv","first_name":"Rajiv"},{"first_name":"Mark","full_name":"Kasevich, Mark","last_name":"Kasevich"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16176","day":"28","extern":"1","publist_id":"7215","publication_identifier":{"eissn":[" 1476-4687"],"issn":["0028-0836"]},"oa_version":"None"},{"title":"Engineering spin squeezed states for quantum-enhanced atom interferometry","oa_version":"None","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:05:15Z","extern":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","day":"16","main_file_link":[{"url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7787611/"}],"publist_id":"7213","_id":"592","citation":{"ama":"Engelsen N, Hosten O, Krishnakumar R, Kasevich M. Engineering spin squeezed states for quantum-enhanced atom interferometry. In: IEEE; 2016.","chicago":"Engelsen, Nils, Onur Hosten, Rajiv Krishnakumar, and Mark Kasevich. “Engineering Spin Squeezed States for Quantum-Enhanced Atom Interferometry.” IEEE, 2016.","apa":"Engelsen, N., Hosten, O., Krishnakumar, R., &#38; Kasevich, M. (2016). Engineering spin squeezed states for quantum-enhanced atom interferometry. Presented at the CLEO: Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics, San Jose, CA, United States: IEEE.","short":"N. Engelsen, O. Hosten, R. Krishnakumar, M. Kasevich, in:, IEEE, 2016.","ista":"Engelsen N, Hosten O, Krishnakumar R, Kasevich M. 2016. Engineering spin squeezed states for quantum-enhanced atom interferometry. CLEO: Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics.","mla":"Engelsen, Nils, et al. <i>Engineering Spin Squeezed States for Quantum-Enhanced Atom Interferometry</i>. IEEE, 2016.","ieee":"N. Engelsen, O. Hosten, R. Krishnakumar, and M. Kasevich, “Engineering spin squeezed states for quantum-enhanced atom interferometry,” presented at the CLEO: Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics, San Jose, CA, United States, 2016."},"author":[{"last_name":"Engelsen","full_name":"Engelsen, Nils","first_name":"Nils"},{"id":"4C02D85E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2031-204X","first_name":"Onur","last_name":"Hosten","full_name":"Hosten, Onur"},{"first_name":"Rajiv","last_name":"Krishnakumar","full_name":"Krishnakumar, Rajiv"},{"first_name":"Mark","full_name":"Kasevich, Mark","last_name":"Kasevich"}],"conference":{"start_date":"2016-06-05","end_date":"2016-06-10","location":"San Jose, CA, United States","name":"CLEO: Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We create up to 20 dB spin-squeezed states of atomic ensembles using an optical cavity-based measurement. The prepared states are suitable for atomic sensors that require free space release of the atoms."}],"year":"2016","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"IEEE","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:47:23Z","month":"12","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"conference","publication_status":"published","status":"public","date_published":"2016-12-16T00:00:00Z"},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836"],"eissn":["1476-4687"]},"oa_version":"None","extern":"1","day":"28","publist_id":"7205","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16482","article_type":"letter_note","author":[{"id":"2CB9DFE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-0893-7036","first_name":"Carrie A","full_name":"Bernecky, Carrie A","last_name":"Bernecky"},{"full_name":"Herzog, Franz","last_name":"Herzog","first_name":"Franz"},{"last_name":"Baumeister","full_name":"Baumeister, Wolfgang","first_name":"Wolfgang"},{"first_name":"Jürgen","last_name":"Plitzko","full_name":"Plitzko, Jürgen"},{"first_name":"Patrick","full_name":"Cramer, Patrick","last_name":"Cramer"}],"abstract":[{"text":"RNA polymerase (Pol) II produces messenger RNA during transcription of protein-coding genes in all eukaryotic cells. The Pol II structure is known at high resolution from X-ray crystallography for two yeast species1-3. Structural studies of mammalian Pol II, however, remain limited to low-resolution electron microscopy analysis of human Pol II and its complexes with various proteins4-10. Here we report the 3.4 Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of mammalian Pol II in the form of a transcribing complex comprising DNA template and RNA transcript. We use bovine Pol II, which is identical to the human enzyme except for seven amino-acid residues. The obtained atomic model closely resembles its yeast counterpart, but also reveals unknown features. Binding of nucleic acids to the polymerase involves 'induced fit' of the mobile Pol II clamp and active centre region. DNA downstream of the transcription bubble contacts a conserved 'TPSA motif' in the jaw domain of the Pol II subunit RPB5, an interaction that is apparently already established during transcription initiation7. Upstream DNA emanates from the active centre cleft at an angle of approximately 105° with respect to downstream DNA. This position of upstream DNA allows for binding of the general transcription elongation factor DSIF (SPT4-SPT5) that we localize over the active centre cleft in a conserved position on the clamp domain of Pol II. Our results define the structure of mammalian Pol II in its functional state, indicate that previous crystallographic analysis of yeast Pol II is relevant for understanding gene transcription in all eukaryotes, and provide a starting point for a mechanistic analysis of human transcription.","lang":"eng"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","year":"2016","publisher":"Springer Nature","month":"01","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","status":"public","date_published":"2016-01-28T00:00:00Z","OA_type":"closed access","title":"Structure of transcribing mammalian RNA polymerase II","scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2026-05-20T07:26:38Z","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","volume":529,"_id":"602","page":"551 - 554","publication":"Nature","citation":{"mla":"Bernecky, Carrie, et al. “Structure of Transcribing Mammalian RNA Polymerase II.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 529, Springer Nature, 2016, pp. 551–54, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16482\">10.1038/nature16482</a>.","ieee":"C. Bernecky, F. Herzog, W. Baumeister, J. Plitzko, and P. Cramer, “Structure of transcribing mammalian RNA polymerase II,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 529. Springer Nature, pp. 551–554, 2016.","ista":"Bernecky C, Herzog F, Baumeister W, Plitzko J, Cramer P. 2016. Structure of transcribing mammalian RNA polymerase II. Nature. 529, 551–554.","short":"C. Bernecky, F. Herzog, W. Baumeister, J. Plitzko, P. Cramer, Nature 529 (2016) 551–554.","apa":"Bernecky, C., Herzog, F., Baumeister, W., Plitzko, J., &#38; Cramer, P. (2016). Structure of transcribing mammalian RNA polymerase II. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16482\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16482</a>","chicago":"Bernecky, Carrie, Franz Herzog, Wolfgang Baumeister, Jürgen Plitzko, and Patrick Cramer. “Structure of Transcribing Mammalian RNA Polymerase II.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16482\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16482</a>.","ama":"Bernecky C, Herzog F, Baumeister W, Plitzko J, Cramer P. Structure of transcribing mammalian RNA polymerase II. <i>Nature</i>. 2016;529:551-554. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16482\">10.1038/nature16482</a>"},"pmid":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["26789250"]},"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:47:26Z","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1038/nature16482","intvolume":"       529"},{"OA_place":"publisher","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11711","article_type":"original","author":[{"last_name":"Bawden","full_name":"Bawden, L.","first_name":"L."},{"last_name":"Cooil","full_name":"Cooil, S. P.","first_name":"S. P."},{"first_name":"F.","full_name":"Mazzola, F.","last_name":"Mazzola"},{"last_name":"Riley","full_name":"Riley, J. M.","first_name":"J. M."},{"last_name":"Collins-McIntyre","full_name":"Collins-McIntyre, L. J.","first_name":"L. J."},{"full_name":"Sunko, Veronika","last_name":"Sunko","id":"23cb1cf6-2c7a-11ef-91a4-f72fc19f20b3","orcid":"0000-0003-2724-3523","first_name":"Veronika"},{"last_name":"Hunvik","full_name":"Hunvik, K. W. B.","first_name":"K. W. B."},{"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Leandersson","full_name":"Leandersson, M."},{"first_name":"C. M.","full_name":"Polley, C. M.","last_name":"Polley"},{"last_name":"Balasubramanian","full_name":"Balasubramanian, T.","first_name":"T."},{"first_name":"T. K.","last_name":"Kim","full_name":"Kim, T. K."},{"full_name":"Hoesch, M.","last_name":"Hoesch","first_name":"M."},{"first_name":"J. W.","last_name":"Wells","full_name":"Wells, J. W."},{"first_name":"G.","full_name":"Balakrishnan, G.","last_name":"Balakrishnan"},{"last_name":"Bahramy","full_name":"Bahramy, M. S.","first_name":"M. S."},{"first_name":"P. D. C.","full_name":"King, P. D. C.","last_name":"King"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2041-1723"]},"oa_version":"Published Version","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"has_accepted_license":"1","day":"23","extern":"1","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","status":"public","date_published":"2016-05-23T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"text":"Metallic transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are benchmark systems for studying and controlling intertwined electronic orders in solids, with superconductivity developing from a charge-density wave state. The interplay between such phases is thought to play a critical role in the unconventional superconductivity of cuprates, Fe-based and heavy-fermion systems, yet even for the more moderately-correlated TMDCs, their nature and origins have proved controversial. Here, we study a prototypical example, 2H-NbSe2, by spin- and angle-resolved photoemission and first-principles theory. We find that the normal state, from which its hallmark collective phases emerge, is characterized by quasiparticles whose spin is locked to their valley pseudospin. This results from a combination of strong spin–orbit interactions and local inversion symmetry breaking, while interlayer coupling further drives a rich three-dimensional momentum dependence of the underlying Fermi-surface spin texture. These findings necessitate a re-investigation of the nature of charge order and superconducting pairing in NbSe2 and related TMDCs.","lang":"eng"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","year":"2016","article_processing_charge":"Yes","month":"05","_id":"19814","volume":7,"publication":"Nature Communications","arxiv":1,"citation":{"ieee":"L. Bawden <i>et al.</i>, “Spin-valley locking in the normal state of a transition-metal dichalcogenide superconductor,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 7. Springer Nature, 2016.","mla":"Bawden, L., et al. “Spin-Valley Locking in the Normal State of a Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Superconductor.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 7, 11711, Springer Nature, 2016, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11711\">10.1038/ncomms11711</a>.","ista":"Bawden L, Cooil SP, Mazzola F, Riley JM, Collins-McIntyre LJ, Sunko V, Hunvik KWB, Leandersson M, Polley CM, Balasubramanian T, Kim TK, Hoesch M, Wells JW, Balakrishnan G, Bahramy MS, King PDC. 2016. Spin-valley locking in the normal state of a transition-metal dichalcogenide superconductor. Nature Communications. 7, 11711.","short":"L. Bawden, S.P. Cooil, F. Mazzola, J.M. Riley, L.J. Collins-McIntyre, V. Sunko, K.W.B. Hunvik, M. Leandersson, C.M. Polley, T. Balasubramanian, T.K. Kim, M. Hoesch, J.W. Wells, G. Balakrishnan, M.S. Bahramy, P.D.C. King, Nature Communications 7 (2016).","apa":"Bawden, L., Cooil, S. P., Mazzola, F., Riley, J. M., Collins-McIntyre, L. J., Sunko, V., … King, P. D. C. (2016). Spin-valley locking in the normal state of a transition-metal dichalcogenide superconductor. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11711\">https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11711</a>","chicago":"Bawden, L., S. P. Cooil, F. Mazzola, J. M. Riley, L. J. Collins-McIntyre, Veronika Sunko, K. W. B. Hunvik, et al. “Spin-Valley Locking in the Normal State of a Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Superconductor.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11711\">https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11711</a>.","ama":"Bawden L, Cooil SP, Mazzola F, et al. Spin-valley locking in the normal state of a transition-metal dichalcogenide superconductor. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2016;7. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11711\">10.1038/ncomms11711</a>"},"title":"Spin-valley locking in the normal state of a transition-metal dichalcogenide superconductor","OA_type":"gold","oa":1,"date_updated":"2025-06-10T13:10:23Z","scopus_import":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11711"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1038/ncomms11711","ddc":["530"],"intvolume":"         7","external_id":{"arxiv":["1603.05207"]},"article_number":"11711","date_created":"2025-06-10T09:15:34Z","quality_controlled":"1"},{"corr_author":"1","page":"233-245","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3064-7_17","_id":"19990","citation":{"short":"H. Harada, R. Shigemoto, in:, Receptor and Ion Channel Detection in the Brain, Springer Nature, 2016, pp. 233–245.","ista":"Harada H, Shigemoto R. 2016.High-Resolution Localization of Membrane Proteins by SDS-Digested Freeze-Fracture Replica Labeling (SDS-FRL). In: Receptor and Ion Channel Detection in the Brain. , 233–245.","mla":"Harada, Harumi, and Ryuichi Shigemoto. “High-Resolution Localization of Membrane Proteins by SDS-Digested Freeze-Fracture Replica Labeling (SDS-FRL).” <i>Receptor and Ion Channel Detection in the Brain</i>, Springer Nature, 2016, pp. 233–45, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3064-7_17\">10.1007/978-1-4939-3064-7_17</a>.","ieee":"H. Harada and R. Shigemoto, “High-Resolution Localization of Membrane Proteins by SDS-Digested Freeze-Fracture Replica Labeling (SDS-FRL),” in <i>Receptor and Ion Channel Detection in the Brain</i>, Springer Nature, 2016, pp. 233–245.","ama":"Harada H, Shigemoto R. High-Resolution Localization of Membrane Proteins by SDS-Digested Freeze-Fracture Replica Labeling (SDS-FRL). In: <i>Receptor and Ion Channel Detection in the Brain</i>. Neuromethods. Springer Nature; 2016:233-245. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3064-7_17\">10.1007/978-1-4939-3064-7_17</a>","chicago":"Harada, Harumi, and Ryuichi Shigemoto. “High-Resolution Localization of Membrane Proteins by SDS-Digested Freeze-Fracture Replica Labeling (SDS-FRL).” In <i>Receptor and Ion Channel Detection in the Brain</i>, 233–45. Neuromethods. Springer Nature, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3064-7_17\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3064-7_17</a>.","apa":"Harada, H., &#38; Shigemoto, R. (2016). High-Resolution Localization of Membrane Proteins by SDS-Digested Freeze-Fracture Replica Labeling (SDS-FRL). In <i>Receptor and Ion Channel Detection in the Brain</i> (pp. 233–245). Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3064-7_17\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3064-7_17</a>"},"department":[{"_id":"RySh"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Harada, Harumi","last_name":"Harada","orcid":"0000-0001-7429-7896","first_name":"Harumi","id":"2E55CDF2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Ryuichi","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Shigemoto","full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi"}],"series_title":"Neuromethods","publication":"Receptor and Ion Channel Detection in the Brain","date_updated":"2026-04-07T08:32:03Z","oa_version":"None","title":"High-Resolution Localization of Membrane Proteins by SDS-Digested Freeze-Fracture Replica Labeling (SDS-FRL)","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781493930630"],"eissn":["1940-6045"],"eisbn":["9781493930647"],"issn":["0893-2336"]},"OA_type":"closed access","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","day":"02","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4939-3064-7_17","type":"book_chapter","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2016-02-02T00:00:00Z","status":"public","publication_status":"published","article_processing_charge":"No","year":"2016","publisher":"Springer Nature","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Visualizing molecular localization at high resolution contributes to understanding of their functions and roles in physiological and pathological conditions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling (SDS-FRL) is a powerful electron microscopy method to study high-resolution two-dimensional distribution of transmembrane proteins and their tightly associated proteins on platinum-carbon replica. During treatment with SDS, unfixed proteins and intracellular organelle are dissolved and integral membrane proteins captured and stabilized by carbon and platinum deposition are denatured, retaining most of their antigenicity, and exposed on exoplasmic and protoplasmic surfaces of lipid monolayers. The exposure of these antigens on the surface of replica facilitates the accessibility of antibodies and therefore provides higher labeling efficiency than those obtained with other immunoelectron microscopy techniques. In this chapter, we describe the protocols of SDS-FRL adapted for mammalian brain samples and an additional procedure for fluorescence-guided electron microscopy for replica immunolabeling."}],"quality_controlled":"1","month":"02","date_created":"2025-07-10T13:56:06Z","acknowledgement":"We thank Mitsuru Ikeda for preparing replica images used in Fig. 2."},{"day":"06","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"None","date_updated":"2025-09-23T10:53:13Z","OA_type":"closed access","publication_identifier":{"eisbn":["9781489975027"]},"title":"Learning Using Privileged Information","author":[{"id":"2EA6D09E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Viktoriia","orcid":"0000-0003-0192-9308","full_name":"Sharmanska, Viktoriia","last_name":"Sharmanska"},{"first_name":"Novi","last_name":"Quadrianto","full_name":"Quadrianto, Novi"}],"department":[{"_id":"ChLa"}],"citation":{"ama":"Sharmanska V, Quadrianto N. Learning Using Privileged Information. In: <i>Encyclopedia of Machine Learning and Data Mining</i>. Springer Nature; 2016:1-4. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7502-7_892-1\">10.1007/978-1-4899-7502-7_892-1</a>","chicago":"Sharmanska, Viktoriia, and Novi Quadrianto. “Learning Using Privileged Information.” In <i>Encyclopedia of Machine Learning and Data Mining</i>, 1–4. Springer Nature, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7502-7_892-1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7502-7_892-1</a>.","apa":"Sharmanska, V., &#38; Quadrianto, N. (2016). Learning Using Privileged Information. In <i>Encyclopedia of Machine Learning and Data Mining</i> (pp. 1–4). Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7502-7_892-1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7502-7_892-1</a>","short":"V. Sharmanska, N. Quadrianto, in:, Encyclopedia of Machine Learning and Data Mining, Springer Nature, 2016, pp. 1–4.","ista":"Sharmanska V, Quadrianto N. 2016.Learning Using Privileged Information. In: Encyclopedia of Machine Learning and Data Mining. , 1–4.","mla":"Sharmanska, Viktoriia, and Novi Quadrianto. “Learning Using Privileged Information.” <i>Encyclopedia of Machine Learning and Data Mining</i>, Springer Nature, 2016, pp. 1–4, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7502-7_892-1\">10.1007/978-1-4899-7502-7_892-1</a>.","ieee":"V. Sharmanska and N. Quadrianto, “Learning Using Privileged Information,” in <i>Encyclopedia of Machine Learning and Data Mining</i>, Springer Nature, 2016, pp. 1–4."},"publication":"Encyclopedia of Machine Learning and Data Mining","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7502-7_892-1","corr_author":"1","page":"1-4","_id":"19991","quality_controlled":"1","month":"07","date_created":"2025-07-10T13:57:52Z","publisher":"Springer Nature","article_processing_charge":"No","year":"2016","abstract":[{"text":"When applying machine learning techniques to real-world problems, prior knowledge plays a crucial role in enriching the learning system. This prior knowledge is typically defined by domain experts and can be integrated into machine learning algorithms in a variety of ways: as a preference of certain prediction functions over others, as a Bayesian prior over parameters, or as additional information about the samples in the training set used for learning a prediction function. The latter setup is called learning using privileged information (LUPI) and was adopted by Vapnik and Vashist in (Neural Netw, 2009). Formally, LUPI refers to the setting when, in addition to the main data modality, the learning system has access to an extra source of information about the training examples. The additional source of information is only available during training and therefore is called privileged. The main goal of LUPI is to utilize privileged information and to learn a better model in the main data modality than one would learn without the privileged source. As an illustration, for protein classification based on amino-acid sequences, the protein tertiary structure can be considered additional information. Another example is recognizing objects in images; the textual information in the form of image tags contains additional object descriptions and can be used as privileged.","lang":"eng"}],"date_published":"2016-07-06T00:00:00Z","status":"public","publication_status":"published","type":"book_chapter","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4899-7502-7_892-1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"file":[{"success":1,"creator":"kschuh","date_created":"2019-05-15T14:12:31Z","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2019-05-15T14:12:31Z","file_id":"6458","file_size":2142676,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2016_PhysRevX_Aasen.pdf","relation":"main_file"}],"citation":{"ama":"Aasen D, Hell M, Mishmash R, et al. Milestones toward Majorana-based quantum computing. <i>Physical Review X</i>. 2016;6(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.6.031016\">10.1103/PhysRevX.6.031016</a>","chicago":"Aasen, David, Michael Hell, Ryan Mishmash, Andrew P Higginbotham, Jeroen Danon, Martin Leijnse, Thomas Jespersen, et al. “Milestones toward Majorana-Based Quantum Computing.” <i>Physical Review X</i>. American Physical Society, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.6.031016\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.6.031016</a>.","apa":"Aasen, D., Hell, M., Mishmash, R., Higginbotham, A. P., Danon, J., Leijnse, M., … Alicea, J. (2016). Milestones toward Majorana-based quantum computing. <i>Physical Review X</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.6.031016\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.6.031016</a>","short":"D. Aasen, M. Hell, R. Mishmash, A.P. Higginbotham, J. Danon, M. Leijnse, T. Jespersen, J. Folk, C. Marcs, K. Flensberg, J. Alicea, Physical Review X 6 (2016).","ista":"Aasen D, Hell M, Mishmash R, Higginbotham AP, Danon J, Leijnse M, Jespersen T, Folk J, Marcs C, Flensberg K, Alicea J. 2016. Milestones toward Majorana-based quantum computing. Physical Review X. 6(3), 031016.","mla":"Aasen, David, et al. “Milestones toward Majorana-Based Quantum Computing.” <i>Physical Review X</i>, vol. 6, no. 3, 031016, American Physical Society, 2016, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.6.031016\">10.1103/PhysRevX.6.031016</a>.","ieee":"D. Aasen <i>et al.</i>, “Milestones toward Majorana-based quantum computing,” <i>Physical Review X</i>, vol. 6, no. 3. American Physical Society, 2016."},"publication":"Physical Review X","_id":"100","volume":6,"user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:47:33Z","oa":1,"title":"Milestones toward Majorana-based quantum computing","intvolume":"         6","ddc":["530"],"doi":"10.1103/PhysRevX.6.031016","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge support from Microsoft Research, the National Science Foundation through Grant No. DMR-1341822 (J. A.); the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (J. A.); the Caltech Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant No. GBMF1250; the Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics at Caltech; the NSERC PGSD program (D. A.); the Crafoord Foundation (M. L. and M. H.) and the Swedish Research Council (M. L.); The Danish National Research Foundation, and the Villum Foundation (C. M.); The Danish Council for Independent Research/Natural Sciences, and Danmarks Nationalbank (J. F.). Part of this work was performed at the Aspen Center for Physics, which is supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. PHY-1066293 (R. V. M.).","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:44:37Z","article_number":"031016","issue":"3","author":[{"full_name":"Aasen, David","last_name":"Aasen","first_name":"David"},{"last_name":"Hell","full_name":"Hell, Michael","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Ryan","full_name":"Mishmash, Ryan","last_name":"Mishmash"},{"id":"4AD6785A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2607-2363","first_name":"Andrew P","full_name":"Higginbotham, Andrew P","last_name":"Higginbotham"},{"full_name":"Danon, Jeroen","last_name":"Danon","first_name":"Jeroen"},{"first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Leijnse, Martin","last_name":"Leijnse"},{"last_name":"Jespersen","full_name":"Jespersen, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas"},{"first_name":"Joshua","last_name":"Folk","full_name":"Folk, Joshua"},{"first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Marcs","full_name":"Marcs, Charles"},{"full_name":"Flensberg, Karsten","last_name":"Flensberg","first_name":"Karsten"},{"full_name":"Alicea, Jason","last_name":"Alicea","first_name":"Jason"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.6.031016","publist_id":"7954","extern":"1","day":"03","has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa_version":"Published Version","status":"public","date_published":"2016-08-03T00:00:00Z","publication_status":"published","type":"journal_article","file_date_updated":"2019-05-15T14:12:31Z","month":"08","year":"2016","publisher":"American Physical Society","abstract":[{"text":"We introduce a scheme for preparation, manipulation, and read out of Majorana zero modes in semiconducting wires with mesoscopic superconducting islands. Our approach synthesizes recent advances in materials growth with tools commonly used in quantum-dot experiments, including gate control of tunnel barriers and Coulomb effects, charge sensing, and charge pumping. We outline a sequence of milestones interpolating between zero-mode detection and quantum computing that includes (1) detection of fusion rules for non-Abelian anyons using either proximal charge sensors or pumped current, (2) validation of a prototype topological qubit, and (3) demonstration of non-Abelian statistics by braiding in a branched geometry. The first two milestones require only a single wire with two islands, and additionally enable sensitive measurements of the system\\'s excitation gap, quasiparticle poisoning rates, residual Majorana zero-mode splittings, and topological-qubit coherence times. These pre-braiding experiments can be adapted to other manipulation and read out schemes as well.","lang":"eng"}]},{"oa_version":"None","day":"05","publist_id":"6390","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.6b00013","author":[{"first_name":"Robert","full_name":"Gnügge, Robert","last_name":"Gnügge"},{"last_name":"Dharmarajan","full_name":"Dharmarajan, Lekshmi","first_name":"Lekshmi"},{"first_name":"Moritz","id":"29E0800A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Lang, Moritz","last_name":"Lang"},{"first_name":"Jörg","full_name":"Stelling, Jörg","last_name":"Stelling"}],"department":[{"_id":"CaGu"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Feedback loops in biological networks, among others, enable differentiation and cell cycle progression, and increase robustness in signal transduction. In natural networks, feedback loops are often complex and intertwined, making it challenging to identify which loops are mainly responsible for an observed behavior. However, minimal synthetic replicas could allow for such identification. Here, we engineered a synthetic permease-inducer-repressor system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to analyze if a transport-mediated positive feedback loop could be a core mechanism for the switch-like behavior in the regulation of metabolic gene networks such as the S. cerevisiae GAL system or the Escherichia coli lac operon. We characterized the synthetic circuit using deterministic and stochastic mathematical models. Similar to its natural counterparts, our synthetic system shows bistable and hysteretic behavior, and the inducer concentration range for bistability as well as the switching rates between the two stable states depend on the repressor concentration. Our results indicate that a generic permease–inducer–repressor circuit with a single feedback loop is sufficient to explain the experimentally observed bistable behavior of the natural systems. We anticipate that the approach of reimplementing natural systems with orthogonal parts to identify crucial network components is applicable to other natural systems such as signaling pathways."}],"year":"2016","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"American Chemical Society","month":"05","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","status":"public","date_published":"2016-05-05T00:00:00Z","title":"An orthogonal permease–inducer–repressor feedback loop shows bistability","date_updated":"2025-09-22T14:20:45Z","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","_id":"1008","volume":5,"page":"1098 - 1107","publication":"ACS Synthetic Biology","citation":{"short":"R. Gnügge, L. Dharmarajan, M. Lang, J. Stelling, ACS Synthetic Biology 5 (2016) 1098–1107.","ista":"Gnügge R, Dharmarajan L, Lang M, Stelling J. 2016. An orthogonal permease–inducer–repressor feedback loop shows bistability. ACS Synthetic Biology. 5(10), 1098–1107.","mla":"Gnügge, Robert, et al. “An Orthogonal Permease–Inducer–Repressor Feedback Loop Shows Bistability.” <i>ACS Synthetic Biology</i>, vol. 5, no. 10, American Chemical Society, 2016, pp. 1098–107, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.6b00013\">10.1021/acssynbio.6b00013</a>.","ieee":"R. Gnügge, L. Dharmarajan, M. Lang, and J. Stelling, “An orthogonal permease–inducer–repressor feedback loop shows bistability,” <i>ACS Synthetic Biology</i>, vol. 5, no. 10. American Chemical Society, pp. 1098–1107, 2016.","ama":"Gnügge R, Dharmarajan L, Lang M, Stelling J. An orthogonal permease–inducer–repressor feedback loop shows bistability. <i>ACS Synthetic Biology</i>. 2016;5(10):1098-1107. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.6b00013\">10.1021/acssynbio.6b00013</a>","chicago":"Gnügge, Robert, Lekshmi Dharmarajan, Moritz Lang, and Jörg Stelling. “An Orthogonal Permease–Inducer–Repressor Feedback Loop Shows Bistability.” <i>ACS Synthetic Biology</i>. American Chemical Society, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.6b00013\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.6b00013</a>.","apa":"Gnügge, R., Dharmarajan, L., Lang, M., &#38; Stelling, J. (2016). An orthogonal permease–inducer–repressor feedback loop shows bistability. <i>ACS Synthetic Biology</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.6b00013\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.6b00013</a>"},"external_id":{"isi":["000386196100008"]},"issue":"10","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:49:40Z","acknowledgement":"We thank Julio Polaina (Instituto de Agroqu ı ́ mica y Tecnolog ı ́ a de Alimentos, C.S.I.C., Paterna, Spain) for the gift of plasmid pMR4, Gregor W. Schmidt for provision of and support with the micro fl uidic device, Markus Du ̈ rr for the cell tracking R script, and Lukas Widmer for the script for MEIGO using “ parfor ” in MATLAB. We acknowledge the members of the Stelling group for discussions, comments, and support.","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1021/acssynbio.6b00013","intvolume":"         5","isi":1},{"type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","status":"public","date_published":"2016-03-10T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"text":"Majorana zero modes are quasiparticle excitations in condensed matter systems that have been proposed as building blocks of fault-tolerant quantum computers. They are expected to exhibit non-Abelian particle statistics, in contrast to the usual statistics of fermions and bosons, enabling quantum operations to be performed by braiding isolated modes around one another. Quantum braiding operations are topologically protected insofar as these modes are pinned near zero energy, with the departure from zero expected to be exponentially small as the modes become spatially separated. Following theoretical proposals, several experiments have identified signatures of Majorana modes in nanowires with proximity-induced superconductivity and atomic chains, with small amounts of mode splitting potentially explained by hybridization of Majorana modes. Here, we use Coulomb-blockade spectroscopy in an InAs nanowire segment with epitaxial aluminium, which forms a proximity-induced superconducting Coulomb island (a â ∼ Majorana islandâ (tm)) that is isolated from normal-metal leads by tunnel barriers, to measure the splitting of near-zero-energy Majorana modes. We observe exponential suppression of energy splitting with increasing wire length. For short devices of a few hundred nanometres, sub-gap state energies oscillate as the magnetic field is varied, as is expected for hybridized Majorana modes. Splitting decreases by a factor of about ten for each half a micrometre of increased wire length. For devices longer than about one micrometre, transport in strong magnetic fields occurs through a zero-energy state that is energetically isolated from a continuum, yielding uniformly spaced Coulomb-blockade conductance peaks, consistent with teleportation via Majorana modes. Our results help to explain the trivial-to-topological transition in finite systems and to quantify the scaling of topological protection with end-mode separation.","lang":"eng"}],"year":"2016","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","month":"03","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17162","author":[{"first_name":"S M","last_name":"Albrecht","full_name":"Albrecht, S M"},{"id":"4AD6785A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Andrew P","orcid":"0000-0003-2607-2363","last_name":"Higginbotham","full_name":"Higginbotham, Andrew P"},{"full_name":"Jespersen, Thomas","last_name":"Jespersen","first_name":"Thomas"},{"first_name":"Morten","full_name":"Madsen, Morten","last_name":"Madsen"},{"last_name":"Kuemmeth","full_name":"Kuemmeth, Ferdinand","first_name":"Ferdinand"},{"full_name":"Nygård, Jesper","last_name":"Nygård","first_name":"Jesper"},{"first_name":"Peter","full_name":"Krogstrup, Peter","last_name":"Krogstrup"},{"full_name":"Marcus, Charles","last_name":"Marcus","first_name":"Charles"}],"oa_version":"Submitted Version","extern":"1","day":"10","publist_id":"7953","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1038/nature17162","intvolume":"       531","external_id":{"arxiv":["1603.03217"]},"issue":"7593","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:44:38Z","acknowledgement":"This research was supported by Microsoft Project Q, the Danish National Research Foundation, the Lundbeck Foundation, the Carlsberg Foundation and the European Commission. C.M.M. acknowledges support from the Villum Foundation.","quality_controlled":"1","volume":531,"_id":"101","page":"206 - 209","publication":"Nature","arxiv":1,"citation":{"ama":"Albrecht SM, Higginbotham AP, Jespersen T, et al. Exponential protection of zero modes in Majorana islands. <i>Nature</i>. 2016;531(7593):206-209. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17162\">10.1038/nature17162</a>","chicago":"Albrecht, S M, Andrew P Higginbotham, Thomas Jespersen, Morten Madsen, Ferdinand Kuemmeth, Jesper Nygård, Peter Krogstrup, and Charles Marcus. “Exponential Protection of Zero Modes in Majorana Islands.” <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17162\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17162</a>.","apa":"Albrecht, S. M., Higginbotham, A. P., Jespersen, T., Madsen, M., Kuemmeth, F., Nygård, J., … Marcus, C. (2016). Exponential protection of zero modes in Majorana islands. <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17162\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17162</a>","short":"S.M. Albrecht, A.P. Higginbotham, T. Jespersen, M. Madsen, F. Kuemmeth, J. Nygård, P. Krogstrup, C. Marcus, Nature 531 (2016) 206–209.","ista":"Albrecht SM, Higginbotham AP, Jespersen T, Madsen M, Kuemmeth F, Nygård J, Krogstrup P, Marcus C. 2016. Exponential protection of zero modes in Majorana islands. Nature. 531(7593), 206–209.","ieee":"S. M. Albrecht <i>et al.</i>, “Exponential protection of zero modes in Majorana islands,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 531, no. 7593. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 206–209, 2016.","mla":"Albrecht, S. M., et al. “Exponential Protection of Zero Modes in Majorana Islands.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 531, no. 7593, Nature Publishing Group, 2016, pp. 206–09, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17162\">10.1038/nature17162</a>."},"title":"Exponential protection of zero modes in Majorana islands","oa":1,"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:47:37Z","user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.03217"}]},{"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.245404","author":[{"first_name":"Ryan","last_name":"Mishmash","full_name":"Mishmash, Ryan"},{"full_name":"Aasen, David","last_name":"Aasen","first_name":"David"},{"full_name":"Higginbotham, Andrew P","last_name":"Higginbotham","id":"4AD6785A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2607-2363","first_name":"Andrew P"},{"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Alicea","full_name":"Alicea, Jason"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","extern":"1","day":"08","publist_id":"7952","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","date_published":"2016-06-08T00:00:00Z","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Recent experiments have produced mounting evidence of Majorana zero modes in nanowire-superconductor hybrids. Signatures of an expected topological phase transition accompanying the onset of these modes nevertheless remain elusive. We investigate a fundamental question concerning this issue: Do well-formed Majorana modes necessarily entail a sharp phase transition in these setups? Assuming reasonable parameters, we argue that finite-size effects can dramatically smooth this putative transition into a crossover, even in systems large enough to support well-localized Majorana modes. We propose overcoming such finite-size effects by examining the behavior of low-lying excited states through tunneling spectroscopy. In particular, the excited-state energies exhibit characteristic field and density dependence, and scaling with system size, that expose an approaching topological phase transition. We suggest several experiments for extracting the predicted behavior. As a useful byproduct, the protocols also allow one to measure the wire's spin-orbit coupling directly in its superconducting environment."}],"year":"2016","publisher":"American Physical Society","month":"06","volume":93,"_id":"102","publication":"Physical Review B","citation":{"apa":"Mishmash, R., Aasen, D., Higginbotham, A. P., &#38; Alicea, J. (2016). Approaching a topological phase transition in Majorana nanowires. <i>Physical Review B</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.245404\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.245404</a>","ama":"Mishmash R, Aasen D, Higginbotham AP, Alicea J. Approaching a topological phase transition in Majorana nanowires. <i>Physical Review B</i>. 2016;93(24). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.245404\">10.1103/PhysRevB.93.245404</a>","chicago":"Mishmash, Ryan, David Aasen, Andrew P Higginbotham, and Jason Alicea. “Approaching a Topological Phase Transition in Majorana Nanowires.” <i>Physical Review B</i>. American Physical Society, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.245404\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.245404</a>.","mla":"Mishmash, Ryan, et al. “Approaching a Topological Phase Transition in Majorana Nanowires.” <i>Physical Review B</i>, vol. 93, no. 24, 245404, American Physical Society, 2016, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.245404\">10.1103/PhysRevB.93.245404</a>.","ieee":"R. Mishmash, D. Aasen, A. P. Higginbotham, and J. Alicea, “Approaching a topological phase transition in Majorana nanowires,” <i>Physical Review B</i>, vol. 93, no. 24. American Physical Society, 2016.","short":"R. Mishmash, D. Aasen, A.P. Higginbotham, J. Alicea, Physical Review B 93 (2016).","ista":"Mishmash R, Aasen D, Higginbotham AP, Alicea J. 2016. Approaching a topological phase transition in Majorana nanowires. Physical Review B. 93(24), 245404."},"arxiv":1,"title":"Approaching a topological phase transition in Majorana nanowires","oa":1,"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:47:42Z","user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.07908","open_access":"1"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1103/PhysRevB.93.245404","intvolume":"        93","external_id":{"arxiv":["1601.07908"]},"issue":"24","article_number":"245404","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:44:38Z","quality_controlled":"1"},{"pmid":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["1610.02320"],"pmid":["28799382"]},"article_number":"211926","issue":"21","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge support from the Human Frontier Science Program and Emmanuel College (A.Š.), St John’s and Peterhouse Colleges (T.C.T.M.), the Swiss National Science Foundation (T.C.T.M.), the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (T.P.J.K.), the Frances and Augustus Newman Foundation (T.P.J.K.), the European Research Council (T.C.T.M., T.P.J.K., and D.F.), and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (D.F.).","date_created":"2021-11-29T10:01:57Z","keyword":["physical and theoretical chemistry","general physics and astronomy"],"quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1063/1.4965040","intvolume":"       145","oa":1,"title":"Kinetics of spontaneous filament nucleation via oligomers: Insights from theory and simulation","scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2021-11-29T10:33:11Z","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.02320"}],"volume":145,"_id":"10376","publication":"The Journal of Chemical Physics","arxiv":1,"citation":{"ama":"Šarić A, Michaels TCT, Zaccone A, Knowles TPJ, Frenkel D. Kinetics of spontaneous filament nucleation via oligomers: Insights from theory and simulation. <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics</i>. 2016;145(21). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4965040\">10.1063/1.4965040</a>","chicago":"Šarić, Anđela, Thomas C. T. Michaels, Alessio Zaccone, Tuomas P. J. Knowles, and Daan Frenkel. “Kinetics of Spontaneous Filament Nucleation via Oligomers: Insights from Theory and Simulation.” <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics</i>. American Institute of Physics, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4965040\">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4965040</a>.","apa":"Šarić, A., Michaels, T. C. T., Zaccone, A., Knowles, T. P. J., &#38; Frenkel, D. (2016). Kinetics of spontaneous filament nucleation via oligomers: Insights from theory and simulation. <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics</i>. American Institute of Physics. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4965040\">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4965040</a>","short":"A. Šarić, T.C.T. Michaels, A. Zaccone, T.P.J. Knowles, D. Frenkel, The Journal of Chemical Physics 145 (2016).","ista":"Šarić A, Michaels TCT, Zaccone A, Knowles TPJ, Frenkel D. 2016. Kinetics of spontaneous filament nucleation via oligomers: Insights from theory and simulation. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 145(21), 211926.","mla":"Šarić, Anđela, et al. “Kinetics of Spontaneous Filament Nucleation via Oligomers: Insights from Theory and Simulation.” <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics</i>, vol. 145, no. 21, 211926, American Institute of Physics, 2016, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4965040\">10.1063/1.4965040</a>.","ieee":"A. Šarić, T. C. T. Michaels, A. Zaccone, T. P. J. Knowles, and D. Frenkel, “Kinetics of spontaneous filament nucleation via oligomers: Insights from theory and simulation,” <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics</i>, vol. 145, no. 21. American Institute of Physics, 2016."},"abstract":[{"text":"Nucleation processes are at the heart of a large number of phenomena, from cloud formation to protein crystallization. A recently emerging area where nucleation is highly relevant is the initiation of filamentous protein self-assembly, a process that has broad implications in many research areas ranging from medicine to nanotechnology. As such, spontaneous nucleation of protein fibrils has received much attention in recent years with many theoretical and experimental studies focusing on the underlying physical principles. In this paper we make a step forward in this direction and explore the early time behaviour of filamentous protein growth in the context of nucleation theory. We first provide an overview of the thermodynamics and kinetics of spontaneous nucleation of protein filaments in the presence of one relevant degree of freedom, namely the cluster size. In this case, we review how key kinetic observables, such as the reaction order of spontaneous nucleation, are directly related to the physical size of the critical nucleus. We then focus on the increasingly prominent case of filament nucleation that includes a conformational conversion of the nucleating building-block as an additional slow step in the nucleation process. Using computer simulations, we study the concentration dependence of the nucleation rate. We find that, under these circumstances, the reaction order of spontaneous nucleation with respect to the free monomer does no longer relate to the overall physical size of the nucleating aggregate but rather to the portion of the aggregate that actively participates in the conformational conversion. Our results thus provide a novel interpretation of the common kinetic descriptors of protein filament formation, including the reaction order of the nucleation step or the scaling exponent of lag times, and put into perspective current theoretical descriptions of protein aggregation.","lang":"eng"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","year":"2016","publisher":"American Institute of Physics","month":"12","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","date_published":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0021-9606"],"eissn":["1089-7690"]},"oa_version":"Preprint","extern":"1","day":"01","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4965040","article_type":"original","author":[{"last_name":"Šarić","full_name":"Šarić, Anđela","orcid":"0000-0002-7854-2139","first_name":"Anđela","id":"bf63d406-f056-11eb-b41d-f263a6566d8b"},{"last_name":"Michaels","full_name":"Michaels, Thomas C. T.","first_name":"Thomas C. T."},{"last_name":"Zaccone","full_name":"Zaccone, Alessio","first_name":"Alessio"},{"last_name":"Knowles","full_name":"Knowles, Tuomas P. J.","first_name":"Tuomas P. J."},{"last_name":"Frenkel","full_name":"Frenkel, Daan","first_name":"Daan"}]},{"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32825","article_type":"original","related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"erratum","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37382"}]},"author":[{"first_name":"Casper","last_name":"van der Wel","full_name":"van der Wel, Casper"},{"last_name":"Vahid","full_name":"Vahid, Afshin","first_name":"Afshin"},{"first_name":"Anđela","orcid":"0000-0002-7854-2139","id":"bf63d406-f056-11eb-b41d-f263a6566d8b","full_name":"Šarić, Anđela","last_name":"Šarić"},{"full_name":"Idema, Timon","last_name":"Idema","first_name":"Timon"},{"last_name":"Heinrich","full_name":"Heinrich, Doris","first_name":"Doris"},{"first_name":"Daniela J.","last_name":"Kraft","full_name":"Kraft, Daniela J."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2045-2322"]},"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa_version":"Published Version","extern":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"13","file_date_updated":"2021-11-29T10:50:00Z","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","status":"public","date_published":"2016-09-13T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The interplay of membrane proteins is vital for many biological processes, such as cellular transport, cell division, and signal transduction between nerve cells. Theoretical considerations have led to the idea that the membrane itself mediates protein self-organization in these processes through minimization of membrane curvature energy. Here, we present a combined experimental and numerical study in which we quantify these interactions directly for the first time. In our experimental model system we control the deformation of a lipid membrane by adhering colloidal particles. Using confocal microscopy, we establish that these membrane deformations cause an attractive interaction force leading to reversible binding. The attraction extends over 2.5 times the particle diameter and has a strength of three times the thermal energy (−3.3 kBT). Coarse-grained Monte-Carlo simulations of the system are in excellent agreement with the experimental results and prove that the measured interaction is independent of length scale. Our combined experimental and numerical results reveal membrane curvature as a common physical origin for interactions between any membrane-deforming objects, from nanometre-sized proteins to micrometre-sized particles."}],"article_processing_charge":"No","year":"2016","publisher":"Springer Nature","month":"09","volume":6,"_id":"10377","publication":"Scientific Reports","citation":{"chicago":"Wel, Casper van der, Afshin Vahid, Anđela Šarić, Timon Idema, Doris Heinrich, and Daniela J. Kraft. “Lipid Membrane-Mediated Attraction between Curvature Inducing Objects.” <i>Scientific Reports</i>. Springer Nature, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32825\">https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32825</a>.","ama":"van der Wel C, Vahid A, Šarić A, Idema T, Heinrich D, Kraft DJ. Lipid membrane-mediated attraction between curvature inducing objects. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. 2016;6(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32825\">10.1038/srep32825</a>","apa":"van der Wel, C., Vahid, A., Šarić, A., Idema, T., Heinrich, D., &#38; Kraft, D. J. (2016). Lipid membrane-mediated attraction between curvature inducing objects. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32825\">https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32825</a>","ista":"van der Wel C, Vahid A, Šarić A, Idema T, Heinrich D, Kraft DJ. 2016. Lipid membrane-mediated attraction between curvature inducing objects. Scientific Reports. 6(1), 32825.","short":"C. van der Wel, A. Vahid, A. Šarić, T. Idema, D. Heinrich, D.J. Kraft, Scientific Reports 6 (2016).","ieee":"C. van der Wel, A. Vahid, A. Šarić, T. Idema, D. Heinrich, and D. J. Kraft, “Lipid membrane-mediated attraction between curvature inducing objects,” <i>Scientific Reports</i>, vol. 6, no. 1. Springer Nature, 2016.","mla":"van der Wel, Casper, et al. “Lipid Membrane-Mediated Attraction between Curvature Inducing Objects.” <i>Scientific Reports</i>, vol. 6, no. 1, 32825, Springer Nature, 2016, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32825\">10.1038/srep32825</a>."},"file":[{"date_created":"2021-11-29T10:50:00Z","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2021-11-29T10:50:00Z","file_id":"10379","file_size":1598289,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2016_SciRep_vanderWel.pdf","relation":"main_file","success":1,"creator":"cchlebak","checksum":"d6cf16dd511e15726b001e7cc287cf1d"}],"arxiv":1,"title":"Lipid membrane-mediated attraction between curvature inducing objects","oa":1,"scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2021-11-29T11:08:15Z","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep32825"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1038/srep32825","ddc":["540"],"intvolume":"         6","pmid":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["27618764"],"arxiv":["1603.04644"]},"article_number":"32825","issue":"1","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO/OCW), as part of the Frontiers of Nanoscience program and VENI grant 680-47-431. We thank Jeroen Appel and Wim Pomp for advice on the protocol design and Marcel Winter and Ruben Verweij for experimental support.","date_created":"2021-11-29T10:34:08Z","keyword":["multidisciplinary"],"quality_controlled":"1"},{"oa_version":"Preprint","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1745-2473"],"eissn":["1745-2481"]},"extern":"1","day":"18","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3828","author":[{"full_name":"Šarić, Anđela","last_name":"Šarić","id":"bf63d406-f056-11eb-b41d-f263a6566d8b","orcid":"0000-0002-7854-2139","first_name":"Anđela"},{"full_name":"Buell, Alexander K.","last_name":"Buell","first_name":"Alexander K."},{"last_name":"Meisl","full_name":"Meisl, Georg","first_name":"Georg"},{"full_name":"Michaels, Thomas C. T.","last_name":"Michaels","first_name":"Thomas C. T."},{"full_name":"Dobson, Christopher M.","last_name":"Dobson","first_name":"Christopher M."},{"first_name":"Sara","full_name":"Linse, Sara","last_name":"Linse"},{"first_name":"Tuomas P. J.","full_name":"Knowles, Tuomas P. J.","last_name":"Knowles"},{"first_name":"Daan","full_name":"Frenkel, Daan","last_name":"Frenkel"}],"article_type":"original","year":"2016","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"Springer Nature","abstract":[{"text":"The ability of biological molecules to replicate themselves is the foundation of life, requiring a complex cellular machinery. However, a range of aberrant processes involve the self-replication of pathological protein structures without any additional assistance. One example is the autocatalytic generation of pathological protein aggregates, including amyloid fibrils, involved in neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we use computer simulations to identify the necessary requirements for the self-replication of fibrillar assemblies of proteins. We establish that a key physical determinant for this process is the affinity of proteins for the surfaces of fibrils. We find that self-replication can take place only in a very narrow regime of inter-protein interactions, implying a high level of sensitivity to system parameters and experimental conditions. We then compare our theoretical predictions with kinetic and biosensor measurements of fibrils formed from the Aβ peptide associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Our results show a quantitative connection between the kinetics of self-replication and the surface coverage of fibrils by monomeric proteins. These findings reveal the fundamental physical requirements for the formation of supra-molecular structures able to replicate themselves, and shed light on mechanisms in play in the proliferation of protein aggregates in nature.","lang":"eng"}],"month":"07","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2016-07-18T00:00:00Z","status":"public","publication_status":"published","scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2021-11-29T11:07:25Z","title":"Physical determinants of the self-replication of protein fibrils","oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1517406/"}],"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","page":"874-880","_id":"10378","volume":12,"citation":{"chicago":"Šarić, Anđela, Alexander K. Buell, Georg Meisl, Thomas C. T. Michaels, Christopher M. Dobson, Sara Linse, Tuomas P. J. Knowles, and Daan Frenkel. “Physical Determinants of the Self-Replication of Protein Fibrils.” <i>Nature Physics</i>. Springer Nature, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3828\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3828</a>.","ama":"Šarić A, Buell AK, Meisl G, et al. Physical determinants of the self-replication of protein fibrils. <i>Nature Physics</i>. 2016;12(9):874-880. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3828\">10.1038/nphys3828</a>","apa":"Šarić, A., Buell, A. K., Meisl, G., Michaels, T. C. T., Dobson, C. M., Linse, S., … Frenkel, D. (2016). Physical determinants of the self-replication of protein fibrils. <i>Nature Physics</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3828\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3828</a>","ista":"Šarić A, Buell AK, Meisl G, Michaels TCT, Dobson CM, Linse S, Knowles TPJ, Frenkel D. 2016. Physical determinants of the self-replication of protein fibrils. Nature Physics. 12(9), 874–880.","short":"A. Šarić, A.K. Buell, G. Meisl, T.C.T. Michaels, C.M. Dobson, S. Linse, T.P.J. Knowles, D. Frenkel, Nature Physics 12 (2016) 874–880.","ieee":"A. Šarić <i>et al.</i>, “Physical determinants of the self-replication of protein fibrils,” <i>Nature Physics</i>, vol. 12, no. 9. Springer Nature, pp. 874–880, 2016.","mla":"Šarić, Anđela, et al. “Physical Determinants of the Self-Replication of Protein Fibrils.” <i>Nature Physics</i>, vol. 12, no. 9, Springer Nature, 2016, pp. 874–80, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3828\">10.1038/nphys3828</a>."},"publication":"Nature Physics","issue":"9","pmid":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["31031819"]},"quality_controlled":"1","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge support from the Human Frontier Science Program and Emmanuel College (A.Š.), the Leverhulme Trust and Magdalene College (A.K.B.), St John’s College (T.C.T.M.), the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (T.P.J.K. and C.M.D.), the Frances and Augustus Newman Foundation (T.P.J.K.), the European Research Council (T.P.J.K., T.C.T.M., S.L. and D.F.), and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (D.F.).","date_created":"2021-11-29T10:36:11Z","keyword":["general physics and astronomy"],"doi":"10.1038/nphys3828","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"        12"},{"publication_status":"published","date_published":"2016-06-10T00:00:00Z","status":"public","type":"journal_article","month":"06","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, it has been recently demonstrated that water molecules align in response to an imposed temperature gradient, resulting in an effective electric field. Here, we investigate how thermally induced fields depend on the underlying treatment of long-ranged interactions. For the short-ranged Wolf method and Ewald summation, we find the peak strength of the field to range between 2 × 107 and 5 × 107 V/m for a temperature gradient of 5.2 K/Å. Our value for the Wolf method is therefore an order of magnitude lower than the literature value [J. A. Armstrong and F. Bresme, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 014504 (2013); J. Armstrong et al., J. Chem. Phys. 143, 036101 (2015)]. We show that this discrepancy can be traced back to the use of an incorrect kernel in the calculation of the electrostatic field. More seriously, we find that the Wolf method fails to predict correct molecular orientations, resulting in dipole densities with opposite sign to those computed using Ewald summation. By considering two different multipole expansions, we show that, for inhomogeneous polarisations, the quadrupole contribution can be significant and even outweigh the dipole contribution to the field. Finally, we propose a more accurate way of calculating the electrostatic potential and the field. In particular, we show that averaging the microscopic field analytically to obtain the macroscopic Maxwell field reduces the error bars by up to an order of magnitude. As a consequence, the simulation times required to reach a given statistical accuracy decrease by up to two orders of magnitude."}],"article_processing_charge":"No","year":"2016","publisher":"American Institute of Physics","article_type":"original","author":[{"last_name":"Wirnsberger","full_name":"Wirnsberger, P.","first_name":"P."},{"first_name":"D.","full_name":"Fijan, D.","last_name":"Fijan"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-7854-2139","first_name":"Anđela","id":"bf63d406-f056-11eb-b41d-f263a6566d8b","last_name":"Šarić","full_name":"Šarić, Anđela"},{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"Neumann, M.","last_name":"Neumann"},{"full_name":"Dellago, C.","last_name":"Dellago","first_name":"C."},{"full_name":"Frenkel, D.","last_name":"Frenkel","first_name":"D."}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4953036","extern":"1","day":"10","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0021-9606"],"eissn":["1089-7690"]},"oa_version":"Preprint","intvolume":"       144","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1063/1.4953036","acknowledgement":"The authors should like to dedicate this paper to the memory of Simon de Leeuw, who was a pioneer in the calculation of Coulomb effects in simulations. P.W. would like to thank the Austrian Academy of Sciences for financial support through a DOC Fellowship, and for covering the travel expenses for the CECAM workshop in Zaragoza in May 2015, where these results were first presented. P.W. would also like to thank Chao Zhang for pointing out the equivalence of the two expressions for the electric field discussed in Sec. VI D, Michiel Sprik for emphasising the importance of the quadrupole contribution in experimental studies of interfacial systems, as well as Aleks Reinhardt and other members of the Frenkel and Dellago groups for their advice. We further acknowledge support from the Federation of Austrian Industry (IV) Carinthia (P.W.), the University of Zagreb and Erasmus SMP (D. Fijan), the Human Frontier Science Program and Emmanuel College (A.Š.), the Austrian Science Fund FWF within the SFB Vicom project F41 (C.D.), and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Programme Grant No. EP/I001352/1 (D.F.). Additional data related to this publication are available at the University of Cambridge data repository (http://dx.doi.org/10.17863/CAM.118).","date_created":"2021-11-29T11:08:52Z","keyword":["physical and theoretical chemistry","general physics and astronomy"],"quality_controlled":"1","pmid":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["1602.02734"],"pmid":["27305991"]},"article_number":"224102","issue":"22","publication":"The Journal of Chemical Physics","citation":{"short":"P. Wirnsberger, D. Fijan, A. Šarić, M. Neumann, C. Dellago, D. Frenkel, The Journal of Chemical Physics 144 (2016).","ista":"Wirnsberger P, Fijan D, Šarić A, Neumann M, Dellago C, Frenkel D. 2016. Non-equilibrium simulations of thermally induced electric fields in water. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 144(22), 224102.","ieee":"P. Wirnsberger, D. Fijan, A. Šarić, M. Neumann, C. Dellago, and D. Frenkel, “Non-equilibrium simulations of thermally induced electric fields in water,” <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics</i>, vol. 144, no. 22. American Institute of Physics, 2016.","mla":"Wirnsberger, P., et al. “Non-Equilibrium Simulations of Thermally Induced Electric Fields in Water.” <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics</i>, vol. 144, no. 22, 224102, American Institute of Physics, 2016, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4953036\">10.1063/1.4953036</a>.","ama":"Wirnsberger P, Fijan D, Šarić A, Neumann M, Dellago C, Frenkel D. Non-equilibrium simulations of thermally induced electric fields in water. <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics</i>. 2016;144(22). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4953036\">10.1063/1.4953036</a>","chicago":"Wirnsberger, P., D. Fijan, Anđela Šarić, M. Neumann, C. Dellago, and D. Frenkel. “Non-Equilibrium Simulations of Thermally Induced Electric Fields in Water.” <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics</i>. American Institute of Physics, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4953036\">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4953036</a>.","apa":"Wirnsberger, P., Fijan, D., Šarić, A., Neumann, M., Dellago, C., &#38; Frenkel, D. (2016). Non-equilibrium simulations of thermally induced electric fields in water. <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics</i>. American Institute of Physics. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4953036\">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4953036</a>"},"arxiv":1,"_id":"10380","volume":144,"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.02734","open_access":"1"}],"title":"Non-equilibrium simulations of thermally induced electric fields in water","oa":1,"scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2021-11-29T13:09:08Z"},{"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1744-6848"],"issn":["1744-683X"]},"oa_version":"Preprint","day":"19","extern":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c6sm01515h","article_type":"original","author":[{"last_name":"Bachmann","full_name":"Bachmann, Stephan Jan","first_name":"Stephan Jan"},{"full_name":"Kotar, Jurij","last_name":"Kotar","first_name":"Jurij"},{"last_name":"Parolini","full_name":"Parolini, Lucia","first_name":"Lucia"},{"last_name":"Šarić","full_name":"Šarić, Anđela","first_name":"Anđela","orcid":"0000-0002-7854-2139","id":"bf63d406-f056-11eb-b41d-f263a6566d8b"},{"last_name":"Cicuta","full_name":"Cicuta, Pietro","first_name":"Pietro"},{"full_name":"Di Michele, Lorenzo","last_name":"Di Michele","first_name":"Lorenzo"},{"full_name":"Mognetti, Bortolo Matteo","last_name":"Mognetti","first_name":"Bortolo Matteo"}],"abstract":[{"text":"We study phase behaviour of lipid-bilayer vesicles functionalised by ligand–receptor complexes made of synthetic DNA by introducing a modelling framework and a dedicated experimental platform. In particular, we perform Monte Carlo simulations that combine a coarse grained description of the lipid bilayer with state of art analytical models for multivalent ligand–receptor interactions. Using density of state calculations, we derive the partition function in pairs of vesicles and compute the number of ligand–receptor bonds as a function of temperature. Numerical results are compared to microscopy and fluorimetry experiments on large unilamellar vesicles decorated by DNA linkers carrying complementary overhangs. We find that vesicle aggregation is suppressed when the total number of linkers falls below a threshold value. Within the model proposed here, this is due to the higher configurational costs required to form inter-vesicle bridges as compared to intra-vesicle loops, which are in turn related to membrane deformability. Our findings and our numerical/experimental methodologies are applicable to the rational design of liposomes used as functional materials and drug delivery applications, as well as to study inter-membrane interactions in living systems, such as cell adhesion.","lang":"eng"}],"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","article_processing_charge":"No","year":"2016","month":"08","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","status":"public","date_published":"2016-08-19T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"title":"Melting transition in lipid vesicles functionalised by mobile DNA linkers","date_updated":"2021-11-29T13:09:00Z","scopus_import":"1","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.05788","open_access":"1"}],"_id":"10381","volume":12,"page":"7804-7817","publication":"Soft Matter","arxiv":1,"citation":{"mla":"Bachmann, Stephan Jan, et al. “Melting Transition in Lipid Vesicles Functionalised by Mobile DNA Linkers.” <i>Soft Matter</i>, vol. 12, no. 37, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016, pp. 7804–17, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/c6sm01515h\">10.1039/c6sm01515h</a>.","ieee":"S. J. Bachmann <i>et al.</i>, “Melting transition in lipid vesicles functionalised by mobile DNA linkers,” <i>Soft Matter</i>, vol. 12, no. 37. Royal Society of Chemistry, pp. 7804–7817, 2016.","ista":"Bachmann SJ, Kotar J, Parolini L, Šarić A, Cicuta P, Di Michele L, Mognetti BM. 2016. Melting transition in lipid vesicles functionalised by mobile DNA linkers. Soft Matter. 12(37), 7804–7817.","short":"S.J. Bachmann, J. Kotar, L. Parolini, A. Šarić, P. Cicuta, L. Di Michele, B.M. Mognetti, Soft Matter 12 (2016) 7804–7817.","apa":"Bachmann, S. J., Kotar, J., Parolini, L., Šarić, A., Cicuta, P., Di Michele, L., &#38; Mognetti, B. M. (2016). Melting transition in lipid vesicles functionalised by mobile DNA linkers. <i>Soft Matter</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/c6sm01515h\">https://doi.org/10.1039/c6sm01515h</a>","chicago":"Bachmann, Stephan Jan, Jurij Kotar, Lucia Parolini, Anđela Šarić, Pietro Cicuta, Lorenzo Di Michele, and Bortolo Matteo Mognetti. “Melting Transition in Lipid Vesicles Functionalised by Mobile DNA Linkers.” <i>Soft Matter</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/c6sm01515h\">https://doi.org/10.1039/c6sm01515h</a>.","ama":"Bachmann SJ, Kotar J, Parolini L, et al. Melting transition in lipid vesicles functionalised by mobile DNA linkers. <i>Soft Matter</i>. 2016;12(37):7804-7817. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/c6sm01515h\">10.1039/c6sm01515h</a>"},"external_id":{"pmid":["27722701"],"arxiv":["1608.05788"]},"pmid":1,"issue":"37","keyword":["condensed matter physics","general chemistry"],"date_created":"2021-11-29T11:09:55Z","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1039/c6sm01515h","intvolume":"        12"}]