[{"publisher":"American Astronomical Society","year":"2009","date_published":"2009-05-10T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","page":"1640-1656","intvolume":"       696","volume":696,"issue":"2","_id":"17771","extern":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Molnar, Sandor M.","last_name":"Molnar","first_name":"Sandor M."},{"last_name":"Hearn","full_name":"Hearn, Nathan","first_name":"Nathan"},{"full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","last_name":"Haiman","first_name":"Zoltán"},{"full_name":"Bryan, Greg","last_name":"Bryan","first_name":"Greg"},{"last_name":"Evrard","full_name":"Evrard, August E.","first_name":"August E."},{"first_name":"George","last_name":"Lake","full_name":"Lake, George"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/696/2/1640"}],"status":"public","citation":{"ieee":"S. M. Molnar, N. Hearn, Z. Haiman, G. Bryan, A. E. Evrard, and G. Lake, “Accretion shocks in clusters of galaxies and their SZ signature from cosmological simulations,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 696, no. 2. American Astronomical Society, pp. 1640–1656, 2009.","apa":"Molnar, S. M., Hearn, N., Haiman, Z., Bryan, G., Evrard, A. E., &#38; Lake, G. (2009). Accretion shocks in clusters of galaxies and their SZ signature from cosmological simulations. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/696/2/1640\">https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/696/2/1640</a>","ama":"Molnar SM, Hearn N, Haiman Z, Bryan G, Evrard AE, Lake G. Accretion shocks in clusters of galaxies and their SZ signature from cosmological simulations. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2009;696(2):1640-1656. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/696/2/1640\">10.1088/0004-637x/696/2/1640</a>","chicago":"Molnar, Sandor M., Nathan Hearn, Zoltán Haiman, Greg Bryan, August E. Evrard, and George Lake. “Accretion Shocks in Clusters of Galaxies and Their SZ Signature from Cosmological Simulations.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/696/2/1640\">https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/696/2/1640</a>.","mla":"Molnar, Sandor M., et al. “Accretion Shocks in Clusters of Galaxies and Their SZ Signature from Cosmological Simulations.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 696, no. 2, American Astronomical Society, 2009, pp. 1640–56, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/696/2/1640\">10.1088/0004-637x/696/2/1640</a>.","short":"S.M. Molnar, N. Hearn, Z. Haiman, G. Bryan, A.E. Evrard, G. Lake, The Astrophysical Journal 696 (2009) 1640–1656.","ista":"Molnar SM, Hearn N, Haiman Z, Bryan G, Evrard AE, Lake G. 2009. Accretion shocks in clusters of galaxies and their SZ signature from cosmological simulations. The Astrophysical Journal. 696(2), 1640–1656."},"scopus_import":"1","month":"05","publication_status":"published","day":"10","doi":"10.1088/0004-637x/696/2/1640","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Cold dark matter (CDM) hierarchical structure formation models predict the existence of large-scale accretion shocks between the virial and turnaround radii of clusters of galaxies. Kocsis et al. suggest that the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich signal associated with such shocks might be observable with the next generation radio interferometer, ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array). We study the three-dimensional distribution of accretion shocks around individual clusters of galaxies drawn from adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of ΛCDM (dark energy dominated CDM) models. In relaxed clusters, we find two distinct sets of shocks. One set (\"virial shocks\"), with Mach numbers of 2.5–4, is located at radii 0.9–1.3 Rvir, where Rvir is the spherical infall estimate of the virial radius, covering about 40%–50% of the total surface area around clusters at these radii. Another set of stronger shocks (\"external shocks\") is located farther out, at about 3 Rvir, with large Mach numbers (≈100), covering about 40%–60% of the surface area. We simulate SZ surface brightness maps of relaxed massive galaxy clusters drawn from high-resolution AMR runs, and conclude that ALMA should be capable of detecting the virial shocks in massive clusters of galaxies. More simulations are needed to improve estimates of astrophysical noise and to determine optimal observational strategies.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","date_created":"2024-09-06T10:01:31Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"]},"type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-09-30T09:59:02Z","article_type":"original","title":"Accretion shocks in clusters of galaxies and their SZ signature from cosmological simulations","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","oa":1},{"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","title":"The evolution of the mbh-σ relation inferred from the age distribution of local early-type galaxies and active galactic nuclei evolution","article_type":"original","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","date_created":"2024-09-06T10:02:08Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We utilize the local velocity dispersion function (VDF) of spheroids, together with their inferred age distributions, to predict the VDF at higher redshifts (0 < z lsim 6), under the assumption that (1) most of the stars in each nearby spheroid formed in a single episode and, (2) the velocity dispersion σ remained nearly constant afterward. We assume further that a supermassive BH forms concurrently with the stars, and within ±1 Gyr of the formation of the potential well of the spheroid, and that the relation between the mass of the BH and host velocity dispersion maintains the form M BH vprop σβ with β ≈ 4, but with the normalization allowed to evolve with redshift as vprop(1 + z)α. We compute the BH mass function associated with the VDF at each redshift, and compare the accumulated total BH mass density with that inferred from the integrated quasar luminosity function (LF; the so-called Sołtan argument). This comparison is insensitive to the assumed duty cycle or Eddington ratio of quasar activity, and we find that the match between the two BH mass densities favors a relatively mild redshift evolution, with α ~ 0.33, with a positive evolution as strong as α gsim 1.3 excluded at more than 99% confidence level. A direct match between the characteristic BH mass in the VDF-based and quasar LF-based BH mass functions also yields a mean Eddington ratio of λ ~ 0.5-1 that is roughly constant within 0 lsim z lsim 3. A strong positive evolution in the M BH-σ relation is still allowed by the data if galaxies increase, on average, their velocity dispersions since the moment of formation due to dissipative processes. If we assume that the mean velocity dispersion of the host galaxies evolves as σ(z) = σ(0) × (1 + z)-γ, we find a lower limit of γ gsim 0.23 for α gsim 1.5. The latter estimate represents an interesting constraint for galaxy evolution models and can be tested through hydro simulations. This dissipative model, however, also implies a decreasing λ at higher z, at variance with several independent studies."}],"type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-09-30T10:55:28Z","publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1088/0004-637x/694/2/867","day":"20","month":"03","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"short":"F. Shankar, M. Bernardi, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal 694 (2009) 867–878.","chicago":"Shankar, Francesco, Mariangela Bernardi, and Zoltán Haiman. “The Evolution of the Mbh-σ Relation Inferred from the Age Distribution of Local Early-Type Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei Evolution.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/694/2/867\">https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/694/2/867</a>.","mla":"Shankar, Francesco, et al. “The Evolution of the Mbh-σ Relation Inferred from the Age Distribution of Local Early-Type Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei Evolution.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 694, no. 2, American Astronomical Society, 2009, pp. 867–78, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/694/2/867\">10.1088/0004-637x/694/2/867</a>.","ista":"Shankar F, Bernardi M, Haiman Z. 2009. The evolution of the mbh-σ relation inferred from the age distribution of local early-type galaxies and active galactic nuclei evolution. The Astrophysical Journal. 694(2), 867–878.","ieee":"F. Shankar, M. Bernardi, and Z. Haiman, “The evolution of the mbh-σ relation inferred from the age distribution of local early-type galaxies and active galactic nuclei evolution,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 694, no. 2. American Astronomical Society, pp. 867–878, 2009.","ama":"Shankar F, Bernardi M, Haiman Z. The evolution of the mbh-σ relation inferred from the age distribution of local early-type galaxies and active galactic nuclei evolution. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2009;694(2):867-878. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/694/2/867\">10.1088/0004-637x/694/2/867</a>","apa":"Shankar, F., Bernardi, M., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2009). The evolution of the mbh-σ relation inferred from the age distribution of local early-type galaxies and active galactic nuclei evolution. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/694/2/867\">https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/694/2/867</a>"},"status":"public","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/694/2/867"}],"scopus_import":"1","issue":"2","_id":"17772","extern":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Shankar","full_name":"Shankar, Francesco","first_name":"Francesco"},{"first_name":"Mariangela","full_name":"Bernardi, Mariangela","last_name":"Bernardi"},{"first_name":"Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman"}],"intvolume":"       694","volume":694,"date_published":"2009-03-20T00:00:00Z","page":"867-878","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"American Astronomical Society","year":"2009"},{"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","title":"Relic H ii regions and radiative feedback at high redshifts","article_type":"original","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_created":"2024-09-06T10:16:16Z","abstract":[{"text":"Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from early astrophysical sources could have a large impact on subsequent star formation in nearby protogalaxies, and in general on the progress of cosmological reionization. Theoretical arguments based on the absence of metals in the early Universe suggest that the first stars were likely massive, bright, yet short-lived, with lifetimes of a few million years. Here we study the radiative feedback arising from such stars using hydrodynamical simulations with transient UV backgrounds (UVBs) and persistent Lyman–Werner backgrounds (LWBs) of varying intensity. We extend our prior work in Mesinger et al., by studying a more typical region whose protogalaxies form at lower redshifts, z∼ 13–20, in the epoch likely preceding the bulk of reionization. We confirm our previous results that feedback in the relic H ii regions resulting from such transient radiation is itself transient. Feedback effects dwindle away after ∼30 per cent of the Hubble time, and the same critical specific intensity of JUV∼ 0.1 × 10^−21 erg s^−1 cm^−2 Hz^−1 sr^−1 separates positive and negative feedback regimes. This suggests that overall feedback is fairly insensitive to the large-scale environment, overdensity and redshift-dependent halo parameters, and can accurately be modelled in this regime with just the intensity of the impinging UVB. Additionally, we discover a second episode of eventual positive feedback in haloes which have not yet collapsed when their progenitor regions were exposed to the transient UVB. When exposed to the transient UVB, this gas suffers relatively little density depletion but a significant enhancement of the molecular hydrogen abundance, thus resulting in net positive feedback. This eventual positive feedback appears in all runs, regardless of the strength of the UVB. However, this feedback regime is very sensitive to the presence of Lyman–Werner radiation, and notable effects disappear under fairly modest background intensities of JLW≳ 10^−3× 10^−21 erg s^−1 cm^−2 Hz^−1 sr^−1, assuming the region is optically thin for LW photons. Nevertheless, when exposed to the same LWB, haloes inside relic H ii regions always have a higher H2 abundance and shorter cooling times than haloes outside relic H ii regions, allowing gas to cool faster once it finally begins to collapse on to the halo. We conclude that UV radiative feedback in relic H ii regions, although a complicated process, seems unlikely to have a major impact on the progress of cosmological reionization, provided that present estimates of the lifetime and luminosity of a Population III star are accurate. More likely is that the build-up of the LWB ultimately governs the feedback strength until a persistent UV background can be established.","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2024-09-30T12:42:48Z","type":"journal_article","day":"15","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15404.x","publication_status":"published","month":"10","oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"mla":"Mesinger, Andrei, et al. “Relic H Ii Regions and Radiative Feedback at High Redshifts.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 399, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. 1650–62, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15404.x\">10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15404.x</a>.","chicago":"Mesinger, Andrei, Greg L. Bryan, and Zoltán Haiman. “Relic H Ii Regions and Radiative Feedback at High Redshifts.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15404.x\">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15404.x</a>.","short":"A. Mesinger, G.L. Bryan, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 399 (2009) 1650–1662.","ista":"Mesinger A, Bryan GL, Haiman Z. 2009. Relic H ii regions and radiative feedback at high redshifts. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 399(3), 1650–1662.","ieee":"A. Mesinger, G. L. Bryan, and Z. Haiman, “Relic H ii regions and radiative feedback at high redshifts,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 399, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 1650–1662, 2009.","apa":"Mesinger, A., Bryan, G. L., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2009). Relic H ii regions and radiative feedback at high redshifts. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15404.x\">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15404.x</a>","ama":"Mesinger A, Bryan GL, Haiman Z. Relic H ii regions and radiative feedback at high redshifts. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2009;399(3):1650-1662. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15404.x\">10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15404.x</a>"},"status":"public","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15404.x","open_access":"1"}],"scopus_import":"1","issue":"3","_id":"17782","extern":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Andrei","last_name":"Mesinger","full_name":"Mesinger, Andrei"},{"last_name":"Bryan","full_name":"Bryan, Greg L.","first_name":"Greg L."},{"id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","first_name":"Zoltán"}],"intvolume":"       399","volume":399,"date_published":"2009-10-15T00:00:00Z","page":"1650-1662","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"Oxford University Press","year":"2009"},{"scopus_import":"1","citation":{"ista":"Lippai Z, Frei Z, Haiman Z. 2009. On the occupation fraction of seed black holes in high-redshift dark matter halos. The Astrophysical Journal. 701(1), 360–368.","chicago":"Lippai, Zoltán, Zsolt Frei, and Zoltán Haiman. “On the Occupation Fraction of Seed Black Holes in High-Redshift Dark Matter Halos.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/701/1/360\">https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/701/1/360</a>.","short":"Z. Lippai, Z. Frei, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal 701 (2009) 360–368.","mla":"Lippai, Zoltán, et al. “On the Occupation Fraction of Seed Black Holes in High-Redshift Dark Matter Halos.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 701, no. 1, American Astronomical Society, 2009, pp. 360–68, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/701/1/360\">10.1088/0004-637x/701/1/360</a>.","ama":"Lippai Z, Frei Z, Haiman Z. On the occupation fraction of seed black holes in high-redshift dark matter halos. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2009;701(1):360-368. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/701/1/360\">10.1088/0004-637x/701/1/360</a>","apa":"Lippai, Z., Frei, Z., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2009). On the occupation fraction of seed black holes in high-redshift dark matter halos. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/701/1/360\">https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/701/1/360</a>","ieee":"Z. Lippai, Z. Frei, and Z. Haiman, “On the occupation fraction of seed black holes in high-redshift dark matter halos,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 701, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, pp. 360–368, 2009."},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/701/1/360","open_access":"1"}],"status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","day":"22","doi":"10.1088/0004-637x/701/1/360","publication_status":"published","month":"07","date_updated":"2024-10-02T07:26:28Z","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-637X"],"eissn":["1538-4357"]},"date_created":"2024-09-06T10:29:07Z","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","abstract":[{"text":"It is well known that an initial population of seed black holes (BHs), formed in the nuclei of low-mass galaxies at high redshift, can simultaneously explain, through their subsequent growth by mergers and accretion, both the observed evolution of the quasar luminosity function (LF) and the distribution of remnant supermassive black hole (SMBH) masses measured in local galactic nuclei. Here we consider three very different initial conditions for this scenario: models in which initial seed BHs form in either all, or only a small fraction (fbh = 0.1 or 0.01) of high-redshift dark matter halos (with Mhalo = 5 × 109 M☉ at z = 6–10). We show that with a suitable and relatively minor adjustment of two global physical parameters (the radiative efficiency and mass accretion time-scale of quasar episodes), models with fbh ≈ 0.1 and 1 can accurately reproduce the observed quasar LF at redshifts 0 < z ≲ 6, as well as the remnant SMBH mass function at z = 0. However, SMBHs remain rare, and the normalization of the high-z quasar LF and the local SMBH mass function are both significantly underpredicted, if fbh ≲ 0.01. We also show that the merger history of SMBHs, in the mass range detectable by the future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) instrument, generically looks different as fbh is varied; this should allow LISA to deliver useful constraints on otherwise degenerate models.","lang":"eng"}],"oa":1,"title":"On the occupation fraction of seed black holes in high-redshift dark matter halos","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_type":"original","year":"2009","publisher":"American Astronomical Society","page":"360-368","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2009-07-22T00:00:00Z","volume":701,"intvolume":"       701","author":[{"first_name":"Zoltán","last_name":"Lippai","full_name":"Lippai, Zoltán"},{"last_name":"Frei","full_name":"Frei, Zsolt","first_name":"Zsolt"},{"first_name":"Zoltán","orcid":"0000-0003-3633-5403","last_name":"Haiman","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán"}],"_id":"17797","issue":"1","extern":"1"},{"oa":1,"article_type":"original","OA_place":"repository","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","title":"GRB 080913 at redshift 6.7","OA_type":"free access","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-11-12T10:14:41Z","abstract":[{"text":"We report on the detection by Swift of GRB 080913, and subsequent optical/near-infrared follow-up observations by GROND, which led to the discovery of its optical/NIR afterglow and the recognition of its high-z nature via the detection of a spectral break between the i' and z' bands. Spectroscopy obtained at the ESO-VLT revealed a continuum extending down to λ = 9400 Å, and zero flux for 7500 Å<λ < 9400 Å, which we interpret as the onset of a Gunn–Peterson trough at z = 6.695± 0.025 (95.5% confidence level), making GRB 080913 the highest-redshift gamma-ray burst (GRB) to date, and more distant than the highest-redshift QSO. We note that many redshift indicators that are based on promptly available burst or afterglow properties have failed for GRB 080913. We report on our follow-up campaign and compare the properties of GRB 080913 with bursts at lower redshift. In particular, since the afterglow of this burst is fainter than typical for GRBs, we show that 2 m class telescopes can identify most high-redshift GRBs.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2024-09-06T11:33:49Z","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-637X"],"eissn":["1538-4357"]},"arxiv":1,"quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","month":"03","publication_status":"published","day":"10","doi":"10.1088/0004-637x/693/2/1610","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.0810.2314","open_access":"1"}],"status":"public","citation":{"ama":"Greiner J, Krühler T, Fynbo JPU, et al. GRB 080913 at redshift 6.7. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2009;693(2):1610-1620. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/693/2/1610\">10.1088/0004-637x/693/2/1610</a>","apa":"Greiner, J., Krühler, T., Fynbo, J. P. U., Rossi, A., Schwarz, R., Klose, S., … Wiersema, K. (2009). GRB 080913 at redshift 6.7. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/693/2/1610\">https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/693/2/1610</a>","ieee":"J. Greiner <i>et al.</i>, “GRB 080913 at redshift 6.7,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 693, no. 2. American Astronomical Society, pp. 1610–1620, 2009.","ista":"Greiner J, Krühler T, Fynbo JPU, Rossi A, Schwarz R, Klose S, Savaglio S, Tanvir NR, McBreen S, Totani T, Zhang BB, Wu XF, Watson D, Barthelmy SD, Beardmore AP, Ferrero P, Gehrels N, Kann DA, Kawai N, Yoldaş AK, Mészáros P, Milvang-Jensen B, Oates SR, Pierini D, Schady P, Toma K, Vreeswijk PM, Yoldaş A, Zhang B, Afonso P, Aoki K, Burrows DN, Clemens C, Filgas R, Haiman Z, Hartmann DH, Hasinger G, Hjorth J, Jehin E, Levan AJ, Liang EW, Malesani D, Pyo T-S, Schulze S, Szokoly G, Terada K, Wiersema K. 2009. GRB 080913 at redshift 6.7. The Astrophysical Journal. 693(2), 1610–1620.","mla":"Greiner, J., et al. “GRB 080913 at Redshift 6.7.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 693, no. 2, American Astronomical Society, 2009, pp. 1610–20, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/693/2/1610\">10.1088/0004-637x/693/2/1610</a>.","short":"J. Greiner, T. Krühler, J.P.U. Fynbo, A. Rossi, R. Schwarz, S. Klose, S. Savaglio, N.R. Tanvir, S. McBreen, T. Totani, B.B. Zhang, X.F. Wu, D. Watson, S.D. Barthelmy, A.P. Beardmore, P. Ferrero, N. Gehrels, D.A. Kann, N. Kawai, A.K. Yoldaş, P. Mészáros, B. Milvang-Jensen, S.R. Oates, D. Pierini, P. Schady, K. Toma, P.M. Vreeswijk, A. Yoldaş, B. Zhang, P. Afonso, K. Aoki, D.N. Burrows, C. Clemens, R. Filgas, Z. Haiman, D.H. Hartmann, G. Hasinger, J. Hjorth, E. Jehin, A.J. Levan, E.W. Liang, D. Malesani, T.-S. Pyo, S. Schulze, G. Szokoly, K. Terada, K. Wiersema, The Astrophysical Journal 693 (2009) 1610–1620.","chicago":"Greiner, J., T. Krühler, J. P. U. Fynbo, A. Rossi, R. Schwarz, S. Klose, S. Savaglio, et al. “GRB 080913 at Redshift 6.7.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/693/2/1610\">https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/693/2/1610</a>."},"author":[{"full_name":"Greiner, J.","last_name":"Greiner","first_name":"J."},{"full_name":"Krühler, T.","last_name":"Krühler","first_name":"T."},{"first_name":"J. P. U.","last_name":"Fynbo","full_name":"Fynbo, J. P. U."},{"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Rossi","full_name":"Rossi, A."},{"first_name":"R.","full_name":"Schwarz, R.","last_name":"Schwarz"},{"last_name":"Klose","full_name":"Klose, S.","first_name":"S."},{"first_name":"S.","full_name":"Savaglio, S.","last_name":"Savaglio"},{"first_name":"N. R.","last_name":"Tanvir","full_name":"Tanvir, N. R."},{"first_name":"S.","full_name":"McBreen, S.","last_name":"McBreen"},{"first_name":"T.","full_name":"Totani, T.","last_name":"Totani"},{"first_name":"B. B.","full_name":"Zhang, B. B.","last_name":"Zhang"},{"full_name":"Wu, X. F.","last_name":"Wu","first_name":"X. F."},{"last_name":"Watson","full_name":"Watson, D.","first_name":"D."},{"full_name":"Barthelmy, S. D.","last_name":"Barthelmy","first_name":"S. D."},{"first_name":"A. P.","last_name":"Beardmore","full_name":"Beardmore, A. P."},{"last_name":"Ferrero","full_name":"Ferrero, P.","first_name":"P."},{"last_name":"Gehrels","full_name":"Gehrels, N.","first_name":"N."},{"last_name":"Kann","full_name":"Kann, D. A.","first_name":"D. A."},{"first_name":"N.","full_name":"Kawai, N.","last_name":"Kawai"},{"first_name":"A. Küpcü","full_name":"Yoldaş, A. Küpcü","last_name":"Yoldaş"},{"first_name":"P.","full_name":"Mészáros, P.","last_name":"Mészáros"},{"first_name":"B.","full_name":"Milvang-Jensen, B.","last_name":"Milvang-Jensen"},{"first_name":"S. R.","full_name":"Oates, S. R.","last_name":"Oates"},{"full_name":"Pierini, D.","last_name":"Pierini","first_name":"D."},{"first_name":"P.","last_name":"Schady","full_name":"Schady, P."},{"full_name":"Toma, K.","last_name":"Toma","first_name":"K."},{"full_name":"Vreeswijk, P. M.","last_name":"Vreeswijk","first_name":"P. M."},{"full_name":"Yoldaş, A.","last_name":"Yoldaş","first_name":"A."},{"last_name":"Zhang","full_name":"Zhang, B.","first_name":"B."},{"first_name":"P.","last_name":"Afonso","full_name":"Afonso, P."},{"full_name":"Aoki, K.","last_name":"Aoki","first_name":"K."},{"first_name":"D. N.","last_name":"Burrows","full_name":"Burrows, D. N."},{"first_name":"C.","last_name":"Clemens","full_name":"Clemens, C."},{"full_name":"Filgas, R.","last_name":"Filgas","first_name":"R."},{"orcid":"0000-0003-3633-5403","first_name":"Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36"},{"full_name":"Hartmann, D. H.","last_name":"Hartmann","first_name":"D. H."},{"first_name":"G.","last_name":"Hasinger","full_name":"Hasinger, G."},{"full_name":"Hjorth, J.","last_name":"Hjorth","first_name":"J."},{"last_name":"Jehin","full_name":"Jehin, E.","first_name":"E."},{"first_name":"A. J.","last_name":"Levan","full_name":"Levan, A. J."},{"first_name":"E. W.","last_name":"Liang","full_name":"Liang, E. W."},{"first_name":"D.","last_name":"Malesani","full_name":"Malesani, D."},{"first_name":"T.-S.","full_name":"Pyo, T.-S.","last_name":"Pyo"},{"last_name":"Schulze","full_name":"Schulze, S.","first_name":"S."},{"full_name":"Szokoly, G.","last_name":"Szokoly","first_name":"G."},{"first_name":"K.","last_name":"Terada","full_name":"Terada, K."},{"last_name":"Wiersema","full_name":"Wiersema, K.","first_name":"K."}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["0810.2314"]},"_id":"17805","extern":"1","issue":"2","volume":693,"intvolume":"       693","article_processing_charge":"No","page":"1610-1620","date_published":"2009-03-10T00:00:00Z","year":"2009","publisher":"American Astronomical Society"},{"oa":1,"article_type":"original","title":"The population of viscosity- and gravitational wave-driven supermassive black hole binaries among luminous active galactic nuclei","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-09-18T12:26:50Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) in galactic nuclei are thought to be a common by-product of major galaxy mergers. We use simple disk models for the circumbinary gas and for the binary–disk interaction to follow the orbital decay of SMBHBs with a range of total masses (M) and mass ratios (q), through physically distinct regions of the disk, until gravitational waves (GWs) take over their evolution. Prior to the GW-driven phase, the viscous decay is generically in the stalled \"secondary-dominated\" regime. SMBHBs spend a non-negligible fraction of a fiducial time of 107 yr at orbital periods between days ≲torb≲ yr, and we argue that they may be sufficiently common to be detectable, provided they are luminous during these stages. A dedicated optical or X-ray survey could identify coalescing SMBHBs statistically, as a population of periodically variable quasars, whose abundance obeys the scaling Nvar ∝ tαvar within a range of periods around tvar∼ tens of weeks. SMBHBs with M ≲ 107 M☉, with 0.5 ≲ α ≲ 1.5, would probe the physics of viscous orbital decay, whereas the detection of a population of higher-mass binaries, with α = 8/3, would confirm that their decay is driven by GWs. The lowest-mass SMBHBs (M ≲ 105–6 M☉) enter the GW-driven regime at short orbital periods, when they are already in the frequency band of the Laser Interferometric Space Antenna (LISA). While viscous processes are negligible in the last few years of coalescence, they could reduce the amplitude of any unresolved background due to near-stationary LISA sources. We discuss modest constraints on the SMBHB population already available from existing data, and the sensitivity and sky coverage requirements for a detection in future surveys. SMBHBs may also be identified from velocity shifts in their spectra; we discuss the expected abundance of SMBHBs as a function of their orbital velocity."}],"date_created":"2024-09-06T11:38:01Z","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac93f7","relation":"erratum"}]},"month":"07","publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1088/0004-637x/700/2/1952","day":"17","scopus_import":"1","status":"public","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/700/2/1952"}],"citation":{"ista":"Haiman Z, Kocsis B, Menou K. 2009. The population of viscosity- and gravitational wave-driven supermassive black hole binaries among luminous active galactic nuclei. The Astrophysical Journal. 700(2), 1952–1969.","short":"Z. Haiman, B. Kocsis, K. Menou, The Astrophysical Journal 700 (2009) 1952–1969.","chicago":"Haiman, Zoltán, Bence Kocsis, and Kristen Menou. “The Population of Viscosity- and Gravitational Wave-Driven Supermassive Black Hole Binaries among Luminous Active Galactic Nuclei.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/700/2/1952\">https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/700/2/1952</a>.","mla":"Haiman, Zoltán, et al. “The Population of Viscosity- and Gravitational Wave-Driven Supermassive Black Hole Binaries among Luminous Active Galactic Nuclei.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 700, no. 2, American Astronomical Society, 2009, pp. 1952–69, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/700/2/1952\">10.1088/0004-637x/700/2/1952</a>.","apa":"Haiman, Z., Kocsis, B., &#38; Menou, K. (2009). The population of viscosity- and gravitational wave-driven supermassive black hole binaries among luminous active galactic nuclei. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/700/2/1952\">https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/700/2/1952</a>","ama":"Haiman Z, Kocsis B, Menou K. The population of viscosity- and gravitational wave-driven supermassive black hole binaries among luminous active galactic nuclei. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2009;700(2):1952-1969. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/700/2/1952\">10.1088/0004-637x/700/2/1952</a>","ieee":"Z. Haiman, B. Kocsis, and K. Menou, “The population of viscosity- and gravitational wave-driven supermassive black hole binaries among luminous active galactic nuclei,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 700, no. 2. American Astronomical Society, pp. 1952–1969, 2009."},"author":[{"first_name":"Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36"},{"full_name":"Kocsis, Bence","last_name":"Kocsis","first_name":"Bence"},{"first_name":"Kristen","full_name":"Menou, Kristen","last_name":"Menou"}],"_id":"17809","extern":"1","issue":"2","volume":700,"intvolume":"       700","article_processing_charge":"No","page":"1952-1969","date_published":"2009-07-17T00:00:00Z","year":"2009","publisher":"American Astronomical Society"},{"month":"09","date_published":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1038/nn.2370","day":"01","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":0,"page":"1197 - 1204","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","status":"public","citation":{"apa":"Siegert, S., Scherf, B., Del Punta, K., Didkovsky, N., Heintz, N., &#38; Roska, B. (2009). Genetic address book for retinal cell types. <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2370\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2370</a>","ama":"Siegert S, Scherf B, Del Punta K, Didkovsky N, Heintz N, Roska B. Genetic address book for retinal cell types. <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>. 2009;12(9):1197-1204. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2370\">10.1038/nn.2370</a>","ieee":"S. Siegert, B. Scherf, K. Del Punta, N. Didkovsky, N. Heintz, and B. Roska, “Genetic address book for retinal cell types,” <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>, vol. 12, no. 9. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 1197–1204, 2009.","ista":"Siegert S, Scherf B, Del Punta K, Didkovsky N, Heintz N, Roska B. 2009. Genetic address book for retinal cell types. Nature Neuroscience. 12(9), 1197–1204.","short":"S. Siegert, B. Scherf, K. Del Punta, N. Didkovsky, N. Heintz, B. Roska, Nature Neuroscience 12 (2009) 1197–1204.","chicago":"Siegert, Sandra, Brigitte Scherf, Karina Del Punta, Nick Didkovsky, Nathaniel Heintz, and Botond Roska. “Genetic Address Book for Retinal Cell Types.” <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2370\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2370</a>.","mla":"Siegert, Sandra, et al. “Genetic Address Book for Retinal Cell Types.” <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>, vol. 12, no. 9, Nature Publishing Group, 2009, pp. 1197–204, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2370\">10.1038/nn.2370</a>."},"acknowledgement":"This study was supported by Friedrich Miescher Institute funds, a US Office of Naval Research Naval International Cooperative Opportunities in Science and Technology Program grant, a Marie Curie Excellence grant, a National Center for Competence in Research in Genetics grant and a European Union HEALTH-F2-223156 grant to B.R., and by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke contracts N01NS02331 and HHSN271200723701C to N.H.","year":"2009","_id":"1798","issue":"9","extern":1,"title":"Genetic address book for retinal cell types","author":[{"id":"36ACD32E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Sandra Siegert","last_name":"Siegert","first_name":"Sandra","orcid":"0000-0001-8635-0877"},{"full_name":"Scherf, Brigitte G","last_name":"Scherf","first_name":"Brigitte"},{"first_name":"Karina","full_name":"Del Punta, Karina","last_name":"Del Punta"},{"last_name":"Didkovsky","full_name":"Didkovsky, Nick","first_name":"Nick"},{"first_name":"Nathaniel","full_name":"Heintz, Nathaniel M","last_name":"Heintz"},{"first_name":"Botond","last_name":"Roska","full_name":"Roska, Botond M"}],"intvolume":"        12","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The mammalian brain is assembled from thousands of neuronal cell types that are organized in distinct circuits to perform behaviorally relevant computations. Transgenic mouse lines with selectively marked cell types would facilitate our ability to dissect functional components of complex circuits. We carried out a screen for cell type-specific green fluorescent protein expression in the retina using BAC transgenic mice from the GENSAT project. Among others, we identified mouse lines in which the inhibitory cell types of the night vision and directional selective circuit were selectively labeled. We quantified the stratification patterns to predict potential synaptic connectivity between marked cells of different lines and found that some of the lines enabled targeted recordings and imaging of cell types from developing or mature retinal circuits. Our results suggest the potential use of a stratification-based screening approach for characterizing neuronal circuitry in other layered brain structures, such as the neocortex."}],"publist_id":"5312","publication":"Nature Neuroscience","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:54:04Z","volume":12,"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:53:16Z","type":"journal_article"},{"_id":"1799","extern":1,"issue":"10","title":"Approach sensitivity in the retina processed by a multifunctional neural circuit","author":[{"last_name":"Münch","full_name":"Münch, Thomas A","first_name":"Thomas"},{"last_name":"Da Silveira","full_name":"Da Silveira, Ravá A","first_name":"Ravá"},{"full_name":"Sandra Siegert","id":"36ACD32E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Siegert","orcid":"0000-0001-8635-0877","first_name":"Sandra"},{"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Viney","full_name":"Viney, Tim J"},{"first_name":"Gautam","full_name":"Awatramani, Gautam B","last_name":"Awatramani"},{"first_name":"Botond","full_name":"Roska, Botond M","last_name":"Roska"}],"intvolume":"        12","abstract":[{"text":"The detection of approaching objects, such as looming predators, is necessary for survival. Which neurons and circuits mediate this function? We combined genetic labeling of cell types, two-photon microscopy, electrophysiology and theoretical modeling to address this question. We identify an approach-sensitive ganglion cell type in the mouse retina, resolve elements of its afferent neural circuit, and describe how these confer approach sensitivity on the ganglion cell. The circuit's essential building block is a rapid inhibitory pathway: it selectively suppresses responses to non-approaching objects. This rapid inhibitory pathway, which includes AII amacrine cells connected to bipolar cells through electrical synapses, was previously described in the context of night-time vision. In the daytime conditions of our experiments, the same pathway conveys signals in the reverse direction. The dual use of a neural pathway in different physiological conditions illustrates the efficiency with which several functions can be accommodated in a single circuit.","lang":"eng"}],"publist_id":"5311","publication":"Nature Neuroscience","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:54:04Z","volume":12,"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:53:16Z","type":"journal_article","date_published":"2009-10-01T00:00:00Z","month":"10","day":"01","doi":"10.1038/nn.2389","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":0,"page":"1308 - 1316","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","status":"public","citation":{"ama":"Münch T, Da Silveira R, Siegert S, Viney T, Awatramani G, Roska B. Approach sensitivity in the retina processed by a multifunctional neural circuit. <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>. 2009;12(10):1308-1316. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2389\">10.1038/nn.2389</a>","apa":"Münch, T., Da Silveira, R., Siegert, S., Viney, T., Awatramani, G., &#38; Roska, B. (2009). Approach sensitivity in the retina processed by a multifunctional neural circuit. <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2389\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2389</a>","ieee":"T. Münch, R. Da Silveira, S. Siegert, T. Viney, G. Awatramani, and B. Roska, “Approach sensitivity in the retina processed by a multifunctional neural circuit,” <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>, vol. 12, no. 10. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 1308–1316, 2009.","ista":"Münch T, Da Silveira R, Siegert S, Viney T, Awatramani G, Roska B. 2009. Approach sensitivity in the retina processed by a multifunctional neural circuit. Nature Neuroscience. 12(10), 1308–1316.","short":"T. Münch, R. Da Silveira, S. Siegert, T. Viney, G. Awatramani, B. Roska, Nature Neuroscience 12 (2009) 1308–1316.","chicago":"Münch, Thomas, Ravá Da Silveira, Sandra Siegert, Tim Viney, Gautam Awatramani, and Botond Roska. “Approach Sensitivity in the Retina Processed by a Multifunctional Neural Circuit.” <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2389\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2389</a>.","mla":"Münch, Thomas, et al. “Approach Sensitivity in the Retina Processed by a Multifunctional Neural Circuit.” <i>Nature Neuroscience</i>, vol. 12, no. 10, Nature Publishing Group, 2009, pp. 1308–16, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2389\">10.1038/nn.2389</a>."},"acknowledgement":"The study was supported by Friedrich Miescher Institute funds, a US Office of Naval Research Naval International Cooperative Opportunities in Science and Technology program grant, a Marie Curie Excellence Grant, a Human Frontier Science Program Young Investigator grant, a National Centers of Competence in Research in Genetics grant and a European Union HEALTH-F2-223156 grant to B.R., a Marie Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship to T.A.M., the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique through the Unité Mixte de Recherche 8550 to R.A.d.S.","year":"2009"},{"OA_type":"closed access","title":"Measurement of voltage-dependent electronic transport across amine-linked single-molecular-wire junctions","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1361-6528"],"issn":["0957-4484"]},"publication":"Nanotechnology","date_created":"2024-09-09T13:49:43Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We measure the conductance and current–voltage characteristics of two amine-terminated molecular wires— 4,4'-diaminostilbene and bis-(4-aminophenyl)acetylene—by breaking Au point contacts in a molecular solution at room temperature. Histograms compiled from thousands of measurements show a slight increase in the molecular junction conductance (I/V) as the bias is increased to nearly 450 mV. Comparatively, similar conductance measurements made with 1,6-diaminohexane, a saturated molecule, demonstrate almost no bias dependence. We also present a new technique to measure a statistically defined current–voltage (I–V) curve. Application to all three molecules shows that 4,4'-diaminostilbene exhibits the largest increase in differential conductance as a function of applied bias. This indicates that the predominant transport channel for 4,4'-diaminostilbene (the highest occupied molecular orbital) is closer to the Fermi level of the metal than that of the other molecules, consistent with the trends observed in the molecular ionization potential. We find that junctions constructed with the conjugated molecules show greater noise in individual junctions and less structural stability, on average, at biases greater than 450 mV. In contrast, junctions formed with the alkane can sustain a bias of up to 900 mV. This significantly affects the statistically averaged I–V characteristic measured for the conjugated molecules at higher bias."}],"date_updated":"2025-01-03T10:12:29Z","type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1088/0957-4484/20/43/434009","day":"02","publication_status":"published","month":"10","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"None","citation":{"ista":"Widawsky JR, Kamenetska M, Klare J, Nuckolls C, Steigerwald ML, Hybertsen MS, Venkataraman L. 2009. Measurement of voltage-dependent electronic transport across amine-linked single-molecular-wire junctions. Nanotechnology. 20(43), 434009.","chicago":"Widawsky, J R, M Kamenetska, J Klare, C Nuckolls, M L Steigerwald, M S Hybertsen, and Latha Venkataraman. “Measurement of Voltage-Dependent Electronic Transport across Amine-Linked Single-Molecular-Wire Junctions.” <i>Nanotechnology</i>. IOP Publishing, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/43/434009\">https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/43/434009</a>.","short":"J.R. Widawsky, M. Kamenetska, J. Klare, C. Nuckolls, M.L. Steigerwald, M.S. Hybertsen, L. Venkataraman, Nanotechnology 20 (2009).","mla":"Widawsky, J. R., et al. “Measurement of Voltage-Dependent Electronic Transport across Amine-Linked Single-Molecular-Wire Junctions.” <i>Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 20, no. 43, 434009, IOP Publishing, 2009, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/43/434009\">10.1088/0957-4484/20/43/434009</a>.","ama":"Widawsky JR, Kamenetska M, Klare J, et al. Measurement of voltage-dependent electronic transport across amine-linked single-molecular-wire junctions. <i>Nanotechnology</i>. 2009;20(43). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/43/434009\">10.1088/0957-4484/20/43/434009</a>","apa":"Widawsky, J. R., Kamenetska, M., Klare, J., Nuckolls, C., Steigerwald, M. L., Hybertsen, M. S., &#38; Venkataraman, L. (2009). Measurement of voltage-dependent electronic transport across amine-linked single-molecular-wire junctions. <i>Nanotechnology</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/43/434009\">https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/43/434009</a>","ieee":"J. R. Widawsky <i>et al.</i>, “Measurement of voltage-dependent electronic transport across amine-linked single-molecular-wire junctions,” <i>Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 20, no. 43. IOP Publishing, 2009."},"status":"public","scopus_import":"1","_id":"18028","issue":"43","external_id":{"pmid":["19801764"]},"extern":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Widawsky, J R","last_name":"Widawsky","first_name":"J R"},{"first_name":"M","full_name":"Kamenetska, M","last_name":"Kamenetska"},{"last_name":"Klare","full_name":"Klare, J","first_name":"J"},{"first_name":"C","full_name":"Nuckolls, C","last_name":"Nuckolls"},{"full_name":"Steigerwald, M L","last_name":"Steigerwald","first_name":"M L"},{"full_name":"Hybertsen, M S","last_name":"Hybertsen","first_name":"M S"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-6957-6089","first_name":"Latha","last_name":"Venkataraman","full_name":"Venkataraman, Latha","id":"9ebb78a5-cc0d-11ee-8322-fae086a32caf"}],"intvolume":"        20","volume":20,"date_published":"2009-10-02T00:00:00Z","pmid":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"IOP Publishing","article_number":"434009","year":"2009"},{"article_processing_charge":"No","page":"10820-10821","date_published":"2009-07-17T00:00:00Z","pmid":1,"year":"2009","publisher":"American Chemical Society","author":[{"full_name":"Park, Young S.","last_name":"Park","first_name":"Young S."},{"first_name":"Jonathan R.","last_name":"Widawsky","full_name":"Widawsky, Jonathan R."},{"full_name":"Kamenetska, Maria","last_name":"Kamenetska","first_name":"Maria"},{"full_name":"Steigerwald, Michael L.","last_name":"Steigerwald","first_name":"Michael L."},{"first_name":"Mark S.","last_name":"Hybertsen","full_name":"Hybertsen, Mark S."},{"first_name":"Colin","last_name":"Nuckolls","full_name":"Nuckolls, Colin"},{"id":"9ebb78a5-cc0d-11ee-8322-fae086a32caf","full_name":"Venkataraman, Latha","last_name":"Venkataraman","first_name":"Latha","orcid":"0000-0002-6957-6089"}],"_id":"18029","extern":"1","issue":"31","external_id":{"pmid":["19722660"]},"volume":131,"intvolume":"       131","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"None","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"07","publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1021/ja903731m","day":"17","scopus_import":"1","status":"public","citation":{"ista":"Park YS, Widawsky JR, Kamenetska M, Steigerwald ML, Hybertsen MS, Nuckolls C, Venkataraman L. 2009. Frustrated rotations in single-molecule junctions. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 131(31), 10820–10821.","mla":"Park, Young S., et al. “Frustrated Rotations in Single-Molecule Junctions.” <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>, vol. 131, no. 31, American Chemical Society, 2009, pp. 10820–21, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/ja903731m\">10.1021/ja903731m</a>.","short":"Y.S. Park, J.R. Widawsky, M. Kamenetska, M.L. Steigerwald, M.S. Hybertsen, C. Nuckolls, L. Venkataraman, Journal of the American Chemical Society 131 (2009) 10820–10821.","chicago":"Park, Young S., Jonathan R. Widawsky, Maria Kamenetska, Michael L. Steigerwald, Mark S. Hybertsen, Colin Nuckolls, and Latha Venkataraman. “Frustrated Rotations in Single-Molecule Junctions.” <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. American Chemical Society, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/ja903731m\">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja903731m</a>.","ama":"Park YS, Widawsky JR, Kamenetska M, et al. Frustrated rotations in single-molecule junctions. <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. 2009;131(31):10820-10821. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/ja903731m\">10.1021/ja903731m</a>","apa":"Park, Y. S., Widawsky, J. R., Kamenetska, M., Steigerwald, M. L., Hybertsen, M. S., Nuckolls, C., &#38; Venkataraman, L. (2009). Frustrated rotations in single-molecule junctions. <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/ja903731m\">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja903731m</a>","ieee":"Y. S. Park <i>et al.</i>, “Frustrated rotations in single-molecule junctions,” <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>, vol. 131, no. 31. American Chemical Society, pp. 10820–10821, 2009."},"article_type":"letter_note","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","title":"Frustrated rotations in single-molecule junctions","OA_type":"closed access","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2025-01-03T10:14:29Z","abstract":[{"text":"We compare the conductance of 1,4-bis(methylthio)benzene with that of 2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene and the conductance of 1,4-bis(methylseleno)benzene with that of 2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]diselenophene and show explicitly that the orientation of an Au−S or Au−Se bond relative to the aromatic π system controls electron transport through conjugated molecules. Specifically, we have found that the conduction pathway connects the Au electrodes to the aromatic π-system via the chalcogen p lone pairs, and greater overlaps among these components lead to higher conductivity through the molecular junction.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","date_created":"2024-09-09T13:51:45Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1520-5126"],"issn":["0002-7863"]}},{"title":"Formation and evolution of single-molecule junctions","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","OA_type":"green","article_type":"original","OA_place":"repository","oa":1,"date_created":"2024-09-09T13:52:37Z","publication":"Physical Review Letters","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1079-7114"],"issn":["0031-9007"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We analyze the formation and evolution statistics of single-molecule junctions bonded to gold electrodes using amine, methyl sulfide, and dimethyl phosphine link groups by measuring conductance as a function of junction elongation. For each link, the maximum elongation and formation probability increase with molecular length, strongly suggesting that processes other than just metal-molecule bond breakage play a key role in junction evolution under stress. Density functional theory calculations of adiabatic trajectories show sequences of atomic-scale changes in junction structure, including shifts in the attachment point, that account for the long conductance plateau lengths observed."}],"type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2025-01-03T10:17:01Z","publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.102.126803","day":"24","month":"03","oa_version":"Preprint","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","arxiv":1,"citation":{"apa":"Kamenetska, M., Koentopp, M., Whalley, A. C., Park, Y. S., Steigerwald, M. L., Nuckolls, C., … Venkataraman, L. (2009). Formation and evolution of single-molecule junctions. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.102.126803\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.102.126803</a>","ama":"Kamenetska M, Koentopp M, Whalley AC, et al. Formation and evolution of single-molecule junctions. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. 2009;102(12). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.102.126803\">10.1103/physrevlett.102.126803</a>","ieee":"M. Kamenetska <i>et al.</i>, “Formation and evolution of single-molecule junctions,” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 102, no. 12. American Physical Society, 2009.","ista":"Kamenetska M, Koentopp M, Whalley AC, Park YS, Steigerwald ML, Nuckolls C, Hybertsen MS, Venkataraman L. 2009. Formation and evolution of single-molecule junctions. Physical Review Letters. 102(12), 126803.","chicago":"Kamenetska, M., M. Koentopp, A. C. Whalley, Y. S. Park, M. L. Steigerwald, C. Nuckolls, M. S. Hybertsen, and Latha Venkataraman. “Formation and Evolution of Single-Molecule Junctions.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.102.126803\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.102.126803</a>.","short":"M. Kamenetska, M. Koentopp, A.C. Whalley, Y.S. Park, M.L. Steigerwald, C. Nuckolls, M.S. Hybertsen, L. Venkataraman, Physical Review Letters 102 (2009).","mla":"Kamenetska, M., et al. “Formation and Evolution of Single-Molecule Junctions.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 102, no. 12, 126803, American Physical Society, 2009, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.102.126803\">10.1103/physrevlett.102.126803</a>."},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/0901.1134","open_access":"1"}],"status":"public","scopus_import":"1","extern":"1","_id":"18030","issue":"12","external_id":{"pmid":["19392306"],"arxiv":["0901.1134"]},"author":[{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"Kamenetska, M.","last_name":"Kamenetska"},{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"Koentopp, M.","last_name":"Koentopp"},{"first_name":"A. C.","full_name":"Whalley, A. C.","last_name":"Whalley"},{"first_name":"Y. S.","full_name":"Park, Y. S.","last_name":"Park"},{"first_name":"M. L.","full_name":"Steigerwald, M. L.","last_name":"Steigerwald"},{"first_name":"C.","full_name":"Nuckolls, C.","last_name":"Nuckolls"},{"first_name":"M. S.","full_name":"Hybertsen, M. S.","last_name":"Hybertsen"},{"last_name":"Venkataraman","id":"9ebb78a5-cc0d-11ee-8322-fae086a32caf","full_name":"Venkataraman, Latha","first_name":"Latha","orcid":"0000-0002-6957-6089"}],"intvolume":"       102","volume":102,"pmid":1,"date_published":"2009-03-24T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"American Physical Society","year":"2009","article_number":"126803"},{"pmid":1,"date_published":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","page":"230-234","publisher":"Springer Nature","year":"2009","_id":"18031","issue":"4","external_id":{"arxiv":["0901.1139"],"pmid":["19350032"]},"extern":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Su Ying","full_name":"Quek, Su Ying","last_name":"Quek"},{"full_name":"Kamenetska, Maria","last_name":"Kamenetska","first_name":"Maria"},{"first_name":"Michael L.","last_name":"Steigerwald","full_name":"Steigerwald, Michael L."},{"first_name":"Hyoung Joon","last_name":"Choi","full_name":"Choi, Hyoung Joon"},{"full_name":"Louie, Steven G.","last_name":"Louie","first_name":"Steven G."},{"first_name":"Mark S.","full_name":"Hybertsen, Mark S.","last_name":"Hybertsen"},{"first_name":"J. B.","full_name":"Neaton, J. B.","last_name":"Neaton"},{"first_name":"Latha","orcid":"0000-0002-6957-6089","last_name":"Venkataraman","id":"9ebb78a5-cc0d-11ee-8322-fae086a32caf","full_name":"Venkataraman, Latha"}],"intvolume":"         4","volume":4,"month":"04","publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1038/nnano.2009.10","day":"01","arxiv":1,"quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Preprint","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/0901.1139"}],"status":"public","citation":{"short":"S.Y. Quek, M. Kamenetska, M.L. Steigerwald, H.J. Choi, S.G. Louie, M.S. Hybertsen, J.B. Neaton, L. Venkataraman, Nature Nanotechnology 4 (2009) 230–234.","mla":"Quek, Su Ying, et al. “Mechanically Controlled Binary Conductance Switching of a Single-Molecule Junction.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 4, no. 4, Springer Nature, 2009, pp. 230–34, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.10\">10.1038/nnano.2009.10</a>.","chicago":"Quek, Su Ying, Maria Kamenetska, Michael L. Steigerwald, Hyoung Joon Choi, Steven G. Louie, Mark S. Hybertsen, J. B. Neaton, and Latha Venkataraman. “Mechanically Controlled Binary Conductance Switching of a Single-Molecule Junction.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.10\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.10</a>.","ista":"Quek SY, Kamenetska M, Steigerwald ML, Choi HJ, Louie SG, Hybertsen MS, Neaton JB, Venkataraman L. 2009. Mechanically controlled binary conductance switching of a single-molecule junction. Nature Nanotechnology. 4(4), 230–234.","ieee":"S. Y. Quek <i>et al.</i>, “Mechanically controlled binary conductance switching of a single-molecule junction,” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 4, no. 4. Springer Nature, pp. 230–234, 2009.","apa":"Quek, S. Y., Kamenetska, M., Steigerwald, M. L., Choi, H. J., Louie, S. G., Hybertsen, M. S., … Venkataraman, L. (2009). Mechanically controlled binary conductance switching of a single-molecule junction. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.10\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.10</a>","ama":"Quek SY, Kamenetska M, Steigerwald ML, et al. Mechanically controlled binary conductance switching of a single-molecule junction. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. 2009;4(4):230-234. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.10\">10.1038/nnano.2009.10</a>"},"scopus_import":"1","article_type":"letter_note","OA_place":"repository","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","title":"Mechanically controlled binary conductance switching of a single-molecule junction","OA_type":"green","oa":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Molecular-scale components are expected to be central to the realization of nanoscale electronic devices1,2,3. Although molecular-scale switching has been reported in atomic quantum point contacts4,5,6, single-molecule junctions provide the additional flexibility of tuning the on/off conductance states through molecular design. To date, switching in single-molecule junctions has been attributed to changes in the conformation or charge state of the molecule7,8,9,10,11,12. Here, we demonstrate reversible binary switching in a single-molecule junction by mechanical control of the metal–molecule contact geometry. We show that 4,4'-bipyridine–gold single-molecule junctions can be reversibly switched between two conductance states through repeated junction elongation and compression. Using first-principles calculations, we attribute the different measured conductance states to distinct contact geometries at the flexible but stable nitrogen–gold bond: conductance is low when the N–Au bond is perpendicular to the conducting π-system, and high otherwise. This switching mechanism, inherent to the pyridine–gold link, could form the basis of a new class of mechanically activated single-molecule switches."}],"publication":"Nature Nanotechnology","date_created":"2024-09-09T13:53:36Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1748-3387"],"eissn":["1748-3395"]},"type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2025-01-03T10:42:35Z"},{"page":"22558 - 22563","quality_controlled":0,"date_published":"2009-12-01T00:00:00Z","month":"12","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0902146106 ","day":"01","publication_status":"published","year":"2009","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"http://www.pnas.org/content/106/52/22558.full.pdf"}],"status":"public","citation":{"ista":"Friedlander T, Brenner N. 2009. Adaptive response by state-dependent inactivation. PNAS. 106(52), 22558–22563.","short":"T. Friedlander, N. Brenner, PNAS 106 (2009) 22558–22563.","chicago":"Friedlander, Tamar, and Naama Brenner. “Adaptive Response by State-Dependent Inactivation.” <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0902146106 \">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0902146106 </a>.","mla":"Friedlander, Tamar, and Naama Brenner. “Adaptive Response by State-Dependent Inactivation.” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 106, no. 52, National Academy of Sciences, 2009, pp. 22558–63, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0902146106 \">10.1073/pnas.0902146106 </a>.","apa":"Friedlander, T., &#38; Brenner, N. (2009). Adaptive response by state-dependent inactivation. <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0902146106 \">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0902146106 </a>","ama":"Friedlander T, Brenner N. Adaptive response by state-dependent inactivation. <i>PNAS</i>. 2009;106(52):22558-22563. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0902146106 \">10.1073/pnas.0902146106 </a>","ieee":"T. Friedlander and N. Brenner, “Adaptive response by state-dependent inactivation,” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 106, no. 52. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 22558–22563, 2009."},"author":[{"last_name":"Friedlander","id":"36A5845C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Tamar Friedlander","first_name":"Tamar"},{"first_name":"Naama","full_name":"Brenner, Naama","last_name":"Brenner"}],"oa":1,"_id":"1825","extern":1,"issue":"52","title":"Adaptive response by state-dependent inactivation","volume":106,"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:53:26Z","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"Many membrane channels and receptors exhibit adaptive, or desensitized, response to a strong sustained input stimulus. A key mechanism that underlies this response is the slow, activity-dependent removal of responding molecules to a pool which is unavailable to respond immediately to the input. This mechanism is implemented in different ways in various biological systems and has traditionally been studied separately for each. Here we highlight the common aspects of this principle, shared by many biological systems, and suggest a unifying theoretical framework. We study theoretically a class of models which describes the general mechanism and allows us to distinguish its universal from system-specific features. We show that under general conditions, regardless of the details of kinetics, molecule availability encodes an averaging over past activity and feeds back multiplicatively on the system output. The kinetics of recovery from unavailability determines the effective memory kernel inside the feedback branch, giving rise to a variety of system-specific forms of adaptive response—precise or input-dependent, exponential or power-law—as special cases of the same model. ","lang":"eng"}],"intvolume":"       106","publist_id":"5281","publication":"PNAS","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:54:13Z"},{"citation":{"chicago":"Bronstein, Alex M., Michael M. Bronstein, Alfred M. Bruckstein, and Ron Kimmel. “Partial Similarity of Objects, or How to Compare a Centaur to a Horse.” <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>. Springer Nature, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0147-3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0147-3</a>.","short":"A.M. Bronstein, M.M. Bronstein, A.M. Bruckstein, R. Kimmel, International Journal of Computer Vision 84 (2009) 163–183.","mla":"Bronstein, Alex M., et al. “Partial Similarity of Objects, or How to Compare a Centaur to a Horse.” <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 84, no. 2, Springer Nature, 2009, pp. 163–83, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0147-3\">10.1007/s11263-008-0147-3</a>.","ista":"Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Bruckstein AM, Kimmel R. 2009. Partial similarity of objects, or how to compare a centaur to a horse. International Journal of Computer Vision. 84(2), 163–183.","ieee":"A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, A. M. Bruckstein, and R. Kimmel, “Partial similarity of objects, or how to compare a centaur to a horse,” <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 84, no. 2. Springer Nature, pp. 163–183, 2009.","ama":"Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Bruckstein AM, Kimmel R. Partial similarity of objects, or how to compare a centaur to a horse. <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>. 2009;84(2):163-183. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0147-3\">10.1007/s11263-008-0147-3</a>","apa":"Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., Bruckstein, A. M., &#38; Kimmel, R. (2009). Partial similarity of objects, or how to compare a centaur to a horse. <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0147-3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0147-3</a>"},"status":"public","scopus_import":"1","publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1007/s11263-008-0147-3","day":"01","month":"08","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"None","quality_controlled":"1","date_created":"2024-10-15T11:20:54Z","publication":"International Journal of Computer Vision","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1573-1405"],"issn":["0920-5691"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Similarity is one of the most important abstract concepts in human perception of the world. In computer vision, numerous applications deal with comparing objects observed in a scene with some a priori known patterns. Often, it happens that while two objects are not similar, they have large similar parts, that is, they are partially similar. Here, we present a novel approach to quantify partial similarity using the notion of Pareto optimality. We exemplify our approach on the problems of recognizing non-rigid geometric objects, images, and analyzing text sequences."}],"type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-10-22T07:55:59Z","title":"Partial similarity of objects, or how to compare a centaur to a horse","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","OA_type":"closed access","article_type":"original","publisher":"Springer Nature","year":"2009","date_published":"2009-08-01T00:00:00Z","page":"163-183","article_processing_charge":"No","intvolume":"        84","volume":84,"_id":"18356","extern":"1","issue":"2","author":[{"first_name":"Alexander","orcid":"0000-0001-9699-8730","last_name":"Bronstein","id":"58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6","full_name":"Bronstein, Alexander"},{"last_name":"Bronstein","full_name":"Bronstein, Michael M.","first_name":"Michael M."},{"last_name":"Bruckstein","full_name":"Bruckstein, Alfred M.","first_name":"Alfred M."},{"full_name":"Kimmel, Ron","last_name":"Kimmel","first_name":"Ron"}]},{"author":[{"first_name":"Alexander","orcid":"0000-0001-9699-8730","last_name":"Bronstein","id":"58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6","full_name":"Bronstein, Alexander"},{"full_name":"Bronstein, Michael M.","last_name":"Bronstein","first_name":"Michael M."},{"first_name":"Ron","last_name":"Kimmel","full_name":"Kimmel, Ron"}],"_id":"18357","issue":"3","extern":"1","volume":81,"intvolume":"        81","article_processing_charge":"No","page":"281-301","date_published":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","year":"2009","publisher":"Springer Nature","article_type":"original","title":"Topology-invariant similarity of nonrigid shapes","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","OA_type":"closed access","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-10-22T07:27:15Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This paper explores the problem of similarity criteria between nonrigid shapes. Broadly speaking, such criteria are divided into intrinsic and extrinsic, the first referring to the metric structure of the object and the latter to how it is laid out in the Euclidean space. Both criteria have their advantages and disadvantages: extrinsic similarity is sensitive to nonrigid deformations, while intrinsic similarity is sensitive to topological noise. In this paper, we approach the problem from the perspective of metric geometry. We show that by unifying the extrinsic and intrinsic similarity criteria, it is possible to obtain a stronger topology-invariant similarity, suitable for comparing deformed shapes with different topology. We construct this new joint criterion as a tradeoff between the extrinsic and intrinsic similarity and use it as a set-valued distance. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of our approach in cases where using either extrinsic or intrinsic criteria alone would fail."}],"publication":"International Journal of Computer Vision","date_created":"2024-10-15T11:20:54Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1573-1405"],"issn":["0920-5691"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"None","month":"03","publication_status":"published","day":"01","doi":"10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2","scopus_import":"1","status":"public","citation":{"apa":"Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., &#38; Kimmel, R. (2009). Topology-invariant similarity of nonrigid shapes. <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2</a>","ama":"Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R. Topology-invariant similarity of nonrigid shapes. <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>. 2009;81(3):281-301. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2\">10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2</a>","ieee":"A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, and R. Kimmel, “Topology-invariant similarity of nonrigid shapes,” <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 81, no. 3. Springer Nature, pp. 281–301, 2009.","ista":"Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R. 2009. Topology-invariant similarity of nonrigid shapes. International Journal of Computer Vision. 81(3), 281–301.","short":"A.M. Bronstein, M.M. Bronstein, R. Kimmel, International Journal of Computer Vision 81 (2009) 281–301.","mla":"Bronstein, Alex M., et al. “Topology-Invariant Similarity of Nonrigid Shapes.” <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 81, no. 3, Springer Nature, 2009, pp. 281–301, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2\">10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2</a>.","chicago":"Bronstein, Alex M., Michael M. Bronstein, and Ron Kimmel. “Topology-Invariant Similarity of Nonrigid Shapes.” <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>. Springer Nature, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2</a>."}},{"publication_status":"published","day":"15","doi":"10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457433","date_published":"2009-10-15T00:00:00Z","month":"10","oa_version":"None","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","citation":{"ama":"Rubinstein O, Honen Y, Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R. 3D-color video camera. In: <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>. IEEE; 2009. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457433\">10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457433</a>","apa":"Rubinstein, O., Honen, Y., Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., &#38; Kimmel, R. (2009). 3D-color video camera. In <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>. Kyoto, Japan: IEEE. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457433\">https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457433</a>","ieee":"O. Rubinstein, Y. Honen, A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, and R. Kimmel, “3D-color video camera,” in <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>, Kyoto, Japan, 2009.","ista":"Rubinstein O, Honen Y, Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R. 2009. 3D-color video camera. 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops. ICCV: International Conference on Computer Vision.","short":"O. Rubinstein, Y. Honen, A.M. Bronstein, M.M. Bronstein, R. Kimmel, in:, 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, IEEE, 2009.","mla":"Rubinstein, O., et al. “3D-Color Video Camera.” <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>, IEEE, 2009, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457433\">10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457433</a>.","chicago":"Rubinstein, O., Y. Honen, Alex M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, and R. Kimmel. “3D-Color Video Camera.” In <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>. IEEE, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457433\">https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457433</a>."},"status":"public","publisher":"IEEE","year":"2009","scopus_import":"1","title":"3D-color video camera","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"18391","extern":"1","OA_type":"closed access","author":[{"first_name":"O.","last_name":"Rubinstein","full_name":"Rubinstein, O."},{"last_name":"Honen","full_name":"Honen, Y.","first_name":"Y."},{"last_name":"Bronstein","full_name":"Bronstein, Alexander","id":"58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6","orcid":"0000-0001-9699-8730","first_name":"Alexander"},{"first_name":"M. M.","full_name":"Bronstein, M. M.","last_name":"Bronstein"},{"full_name":"Kimmel, R.","last_name":"Kimmel","first_name":"R."}],"conference":{"location":"Kyoto, Japan","end_date":"2009-10-04","name":"ICCV: International Conference on Computer Vision","start_date":"2009-09-27"},"publication":"12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops","date_created":"2024-10-15T11:20:54Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We introduce a design of a coded light-based 3D color video camera optimized for build up cost as well as accuracy in depth reconstruction and acquisition speed. The components of the system include a monochromatic camera and an off-the-shelf LED projector synchronized by a miniature circuit. The projected patterns are captured and processed at a rate of 200 fps and allow for real-time reconstruction of both depth and color at video rates. The reconstruction and display are performed at around 30 depth profiles and color texture per second using a graphics processing unit (GPU)."}],"type":"conference","date_updated":"2024-11-19T13:00:24Z"},{"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781424444427"]},"publication":"12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops","date_created":"2024-10-15T11:20:54Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Feature-based methods have recently gained popularity in computer vision and pattern recognition communities, in applications such as object recognition and image retrieval. In this paper, we explore analogous approaches in the 3D world applied to the problem of non-rigid shape search and retrieval in large databases."}],"date_updated":"2024-11-18T10:38:45Z","type":"conference","extern":"1","_id":"18392","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","title":"Shape Google: A computer vision approach to isometry invariant shape retrieval","conference":{"start_date":"2009-10-27","name":"ICCV: International Conference on Computer Vision","end_date":"2009-10-04","location":"Kyoto, Japan"},"author":[{"last_name":"Ovsjanikov","full_name":"Ovsjanikov, Maks","first_name":"Maks"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9699-8730","first_name":"Alexander","full_name":"Bronstein, Alexander","id":"58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6","last_name":"Bronstein"},{"last_name":"Bronstein","full_name":"Bronstein, Michael M.","first_name":"Michael M."},{"first_name":"Leonidas J.","full_name":"Guibas, Leonidas J.","last_name":"Guibas"}],"citation":{"ieee":"M. Ovsjanikov, A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, and L. J. Guibas, “Shape Google: A computer vision approach to isometry invariant shape retrieval,” in <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>, Kyoto, Japan, 2009.","ama":"Ovsjanikov M, Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Guibas LJ. Shape Google: A computer vision approach to isometry invariant shape retrieval. In: <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>. IEEE; 2009. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457682\">10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457682</a>","apa":"Ovsjanikov, M., Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., &#38; Guibas, L. J. (2009). Shape Google: A computer vision approach to isometry invariant shape retrieval. In <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>. Kyoto, Japan: IEEE. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457682\">https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457682</a>","mla":"Ovsjanikov, Maks, et al. “Shape Google: A Computer Vision Approach to Isometry Invariant Shape Retrieval.” <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>, IEEE, 2009, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457682\">10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457682</a>.","chicago":"Ovsjanikov, Maks, Alex M. Bronstein, Michael M. Bronstein, and Leonidas J. Guibas. “Shape Google: A Computer Vision Approach to Isometry Invariant Shape Retrieval.” In <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>. IEEE, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457682\">https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457682</a>.","short":"M. Ovsjanikov, A.M. Bronstein, M.M. Bronstein, L.J. Guibas, in:, 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, IEEE, 2009.","ista":"Ovsjanikov M, Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Guibas LJ. 2009. Shape Google: A computer vision approach to isometry invariant shape retrieval. 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops. ICCV: International Conference on Computer Vision."},"publisher":"IEEE","status":"public","year":"2009","scopus_import":"1","day":"01","doi":"10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457682","publication_status":"published","month":"11","date_published":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"None","quality_controlled":"1","article_processing_charge":"No"},{"publication_status":"published","day":"01","doi":"10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457688","month":"11","date_published":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"None","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","citation":{"ieee":"Y. S. Devir, G. Rosman, A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, and R. Kimmel, “On reconstruction of non-rigid shapes with intrinsic regularization,” in <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>, Kyoto, Japan, 2009.","ama":"Devir YS, Rosman G, Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R. On reconstruction of non-rigid shapes with intrinsic regularization. In: <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>. IEEE; 2009. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457688\">10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457688</a>","apa":"Devir, Y. S., Rosman, G., Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., &#38; Kimmel, R. (2009). On reconstruction of non-rigid shapes with intrinsic regularization. In <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>. Kyoto, Japan: IEEE. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457688\">https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457688</a>","chicago":"Devir, Yohai S., Guy Rosman, Alex M. Bronstein, Michael M. Bronstein, and Ron Kimmel. “On Reconstruction of Non-Rigid Shapes with Intrinsic Regularization.” In <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>. IEEE, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457688\">https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457688</a>.","mla":"Devir, Yohai S., et al. “On Reconstruction of Non-Rigid Shapes with Intrinsic Regularization.” <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>, IEEE, 2009, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457688\">10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457688</a>.","short":"Y.S. Devir, G. Rosman, A.M. Bronstein, M.M. Bronstein, R. Kimmel, in:, 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, IEEE, 2009.","ista":"Devir YS, Rosman G, Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R. 2009. On reconstruction of non-rigid shapes with intrinsic regularization. 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops. ICCV: International Conference on Computer Vision."},"status":"public","publisher":"IEEE","year":"2009","scopus_import":"1","title":"On reconstruction of non-rigid shapes with intrinsic regularization","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","extern":"1","_id":"18393","author":[{"full_name":"Devir, Yohai S.","last_name":"Devir","first_name":"Yohai S."},{"first_name":"Guy","last_name":"Rosman","full_name":"Rosman, Guy"},{"first_name":"Alexander","orcid":"0000-0001-9699-8730","id":"58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6","full_name":"Bronstein, Alexander","last_name":"Bronstein"},{"first_name":"Michael M.","last_name":"Bronstein","full_name":"Bronstein, Michael M."},{"first_name":"Ron","full_name":"Kimmel, Ron","last_name":"Kimmel"}],"conference":{"start_date":"2009-09-27","name":"ICCV: International Conference on Computer Vision","end_date":"2009-10-04","location":"Kyoto, Japan"},"date_created":"2024-10-15T11:20:54Z","publication":"12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781424444427"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Shape-from-X is a generic type of inverse problems in computer vision, in which a shape is reconstructed from some measurements. A specially challenging setting of this problem is the case in which the reconstructed shapes are non-rigid. In this paper, we propose a framework for intrinsic regularization of such problems. The assumption is that we have the geometric structure of a shape which is intrinsically (up to bending) similar to the one we would like to reconstruct. For that goal, we formulate a variation with respect to vertex coordinates of a triangulated mesh approximating the continuous shape. The numerical core of the proposed method is based on differentiating the fast marching update step for geodesic distance computation."}],"type":"conference","date_updated":"2024-11-18T10:29:12Z"},{"scopus_import":"1","year":"2009","publisher":"Information Processing Society of Japan","status":"public","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105","open_access":"1"}],"citation":{"ieee":"A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, Y. Carmon, and R. Kimmel, “Partial similarity of shapes using a statistical significance measure,” <i>IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications</i>, vol. 1. Information Processing Society of Japan, pp. 105–114, 2009.","ama":"Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Carmon Y, Kimmel R. Partial similarity of shapes using a statistical significance measure. <i>IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications</i>. 2009;1:105-114. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105\">10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105</a>","apa":"Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., Carmon, Y., &#38; Kimmel, R. (2009). Partial similarity of shapes using a statistical significance measure. <i>IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications</i>. Information Processing Society of Japan. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105\">https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105</a>","mla":"Bronstein, Alex M., et al. “Partial Similarity of Shapes Using a Statistical Significance Measure.” <i>IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications</i>, vol. 1, Information Processing Society of Japan, 2009, pp. 105–14, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105\">10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105</a>.","chicago":"Bronstein, Alex M., Michael M. Bronstein, Yair Carmon, and Ron Kimmel. “Partial Similarity of Shapes Using a Statistical Significance Measure.” <i>IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications</i>. Information Processing Society of Japan, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105\">https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105</a>.","short":"A.M. Bronstein, M.M. Bronstein, Y. Carmon, R. Kimmel, IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 1 (2009) 105–114.","ista":"Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Carmon Y, Kimmel R. 2009. Partial similarity of shapes using a statistical significance measure. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications. 1, 105–114."},"article_processing_charge":"No","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","page":"105-114","month":"03","date_published":"2009-03-31T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105","day":"31","publication_status":"published","volume":1,"date_updated":"2024-12-18T16:01:54Z","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Partial matching of geometric structures is important in computer vision, pattern recognition and shape analysis applications. The problem consists of matching similar parts of shapes that may be dissimilar as a whole. Recently, it was proposed to consider partial similarity as a multi-criterion optimization problem trying to simultaneously maximize the similarity and the significance of the matching parts. A major challenge in that framework is providing a quantitative measure of the significance of a part of an object. Here, we define the significance of a part of a shape by its discriminative power with respect do a given shape database — that is, the uniqueness of the part. We define a point-wise significance density using a statistical weighting approach similar to the term frequency-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) weighting employed in search engines. The significance measure of a given part is obtained by integrating over this density. Numerical experiments show that the proposed approach produces intuitive significant parts, and demonstrate an improvement in the performance of partial matching between shapes. "}],"intvolume":"         1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1882-6695"]},"publication":"IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications","date_created":"2024-10-15T11:20:55Z","author":[{"first_name":"Alexander","orcid":"0000-0001-9699-8730","last_name":"Bronstein","id":"58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6","full_name":"Bronstein, Alexander"},{"last_name":"Bronstein","full_name":"Bronstein, Michael M.","first_name":"Michael M."},{"last_name":"Carmon","full_name":"Carmon, Yair","first_name":"Yair"},{"first_name":"Ron","full_name":"Kimmel, Ron","last_name":"Kimmel"}],"oa":1,"_id":"18438","extern":"1","title":"Partial similarity of shapes using a statistical significance measure","user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"quality_controlled":"1","page":"1639-1648","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"None","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","doi":"10.1534/genetics.108.086801","publication_status":"published","date_published":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","month":"04","year":"2009","citation":{"ista":"Robinson MR, Wilson AJ, Pilkington JG, Clutton-Brock TH, Pemberton JM, Kruuk LEB. 2009. The impact of environmental heterogeneity on genetic architecture in a wild population of soay sheep. Genetics. 181(4), 1639–1648.","chicago":"Robinson, Matthew Richard, Alastair J. Wilson, Jill G. Pilkington, Tim H. Clutton-Brock, Josephine M. Pemberton, and Loeske E. B. Kruuk. “The Impact of Environmental Heterogeneity on Genetic Architecture in a Wild Population of Soay Sheep.” <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society of America, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.086801\">https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.086801</a>.","mla":"Robinson, Matthew Richard, et al. “The Impact of Environmental Heterogeneity on Genetic Architecture in a Wild Population of Soay Sheep.” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 181, no. 4, Genetics Society of America, 2009, pp. 1639–48, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.086801\">10.1534/genetics.108.086801</a>.","short":"M.R. Robinson, A.J. Wilson, J.G. Pilkington, T.H. Clutton-Brock, J.M. Pemberton, L.E.B. Kruuk, Genetics 181 (2009) 1639–1648.","ama":"Robinson MR, Wilson AJ, Pilkington JG, Clutton-Brock TH, Pemberton JM, Kruuk LEB. The impact of environmental heterogeneity on genetic architecture in a wild population of soay sheep. <i>Genetics</i>. 2009;181(4):1639-1648. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.086801\">10.1534/genetics.108.086801</a>","apa":"Robinson, M. R., Wilson, A. J., Pilkington, J. G., Clutton-Brock, T. H., Pemberton, J. M., &#38; Kruuk, L. E. B. (2009). The impact of environmental heterogeneity on genetic architecture in a wild population of soay sheep. <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society of America. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.086801\">https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.086801</a>","ieee":"M. R. Robinson, A. J. Wilson, J. G. Pilkington, T. H. Clutton-Brock, J. M. Pemberton, and L. E. B. Kruuk, “The impact of environmental heterogeneity on genetic architecture in a wild population of soay sheep,” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 181, no. 4. Genetics Society of America, pp. 1639–1648, 2009."},"publisher":"Genetics Society of America","status":"public","author":[{"first_name":"Matthew Richard","orcid":"0000-0001-8982-8813","id":"E5D42276-F5DA-11E9-8E24-6303E6697425","full_name":"Robinson, Matthew Richard","last_name":"Robinson"},{"last_name":"Wilson","full_name":"Wilson, Alastair J.","first_name":"Alastair J."},{"first_name":"Jill G.","full_name":"Pilkington, Jill G.","last_name":"Pilkington"},{"last_name":"Clutton-Brock","full_name":"Clutton-Brock, Tim H.","first_name":"Tim H."},{"last_name":"Pemberton","full_name":"Pemberton, Josephine M.","first_name":"Josephine M."},{"last_name":"Kruuk","full_name":"Kruuk, Loeske E. B.","first_name":"Loeske E. B."}],"_id":"7751","extern":"1","issue":"4","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","title":"The impact of environmental heterogeneity on genetic architecture in a wild population of soay sheep","article_type":"original","date_updated":"2021-01-12T08:15:17Z","type":"journal_article","volume":181,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0016-6731","1943-2631"]},"date_created":"2020-04-30T11:01:57Z","publication":"Genetics","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This work demonstrates that environmental conditions experienced by individuals can shape their development and affect the stability of genetic associations. The implication of this observation is that the environmental response may influence the evolution of traits in the wild. Here, we examined how the genetic architecture of a suite of sexually dimorphic traits changed as a function of environmental conditions in an unmanaged population of Soay sheep (Ovis aries) on the island of Hirta, St. Kilda, northwest Scotland. We examined the stability of phenotypic, genetic, and environmental (residual) covariance in males during the first year of life between horn length, body weight, and parasite load in environments of different quality. We then examined the same covariance structures across environments within and between the adult sexes. We found significant genotype-by-environment interactions for lamb male body weight and parasite load, leading to a change in the genetic correlation among environments. Horn length was genetically correlated with body weight in males but not females and the genetic correlation among traits within and between the sexes was dependent upon the environmental conditions experienced during adulthood. Genetic correlations were smaller in more favorable environmental conditions, suggesting that in good environments, loci are expressed that have sex-specific effects. The reduction in genetic correlation between the sexes may allow independent evolutionary trajectories for each sex. This study demonstrates that the genetic architecture of traits is not stable under temporally varying environments and highlights the fact that evolutionary processes may depend largely upon ecological conditions.\r\nENVIRONMENTAL heterogeneity has long been recognized as an important factor influencing the evolution of fitness-related traits in the wild (Roff 2002). The evolution of a trait depends upon the selection upon it, underlying genetic variation, and to a large degree the genetic relationships with other traits (Lynch and Walsh 1998). There is evidence that selection can vary considerably from year to year (Price et al. 1984; Robinson et al. 2008) and genetic variability in quantitative traits can change in response to environmental conditions (Hoffmann and Merilä 1999; Charmantier and Garant 2005). However, we know surprisingly little about the influence of environmental conditions on genetic correlations between traits in wild populations. Laboratory evidence suggests that the environment may influence genetic relationships between traits (Sgrò and Hoffmann 2004), but estimates obtained in a controlled or in an arbitrary range of conditions show a lack of concordance with those obtained in wild habitats (Conner et al. 2003). As a result, laboratory and environment-specific estimates of genetic correlations can make predictions for a trait's evolution, but these are valid only for the environment in which they were measured. Therefore, at present, it is difficult to generalize about the evolution of a trait that is expressed in populations that experience variable environmental conditions (Steppan et al. 2002).\r\nThe influence of changing environmental conditions on the G matrix (the matrix of additive genetic variance and covariances corresponding to a set of traits) has been the focus of theoretical quantitative genetic studies (e.g., Jones et al. 2003). There is evidence of genotype-by-environment interaction for many traits expressed in wild populations (Charmantier and Garant 2005) and thus we may also expect that associations between traits may depend upon the environmental conditions encountered by an individual. Genetic correlations among traits may arise from pleiotropy, where a given locus affects more than one trait (Cheverud 1988; Lynch and Walsh 1998), which may limit the potential for those traits to evolve independently. There has recently been much interest in assessing genetic correlations between the sexes (Rice and Chippindale 2001; Foerster et al. 2007; Poissant et al. 2008), but all of these predictions have also been made in average environmental conditions. For sexually dimorphic traits, expectations of between-sex genetic correlations are unclear (Lande 1980; Badyaev 2002). We might expect that the genetic determination of a trait and the patterns of genetic covariance between traits may differ both within and between the sexes, producing the differences in trait growth that are commonly observed (Lande 1980; Badyaev 2002; Roff 2002), but so far evidence suggests that genetic expression in both sexes is influenced by the same developmental pathway (Roff 2002; Jensen et al. 2003; Parker and Garant 2005). However, to our knowledge, no study has yet determined whether genetic correlations, both within and between the sexes, vary across gradients of the environmental conditions encountered by individuals in the wild (Garant et al. 2008).\r\nThis study aims to assess the stability of phenotypic, genetic, and environmental (residual) associations between traits, within and between the sexes, across a range of environmental conditions experienced by a wild population. We focus on the traits of horn length, body weight, and parasite load in a feral population of Soay sheep (Ovis aries) from the island of Hirta, St. Kilda, United Kingdom. Weather conditions, population density, and consequently resource availability fluctuate from year to year, providing substantial differences between individuals in the environments they experience and thus their survival rates (Clutton-Brock and Pemberton 2004). These varying conditions, combined with a large pedigree and extensive repeated morphological measures, provide an excellent opportunity to assess the potential effects of environmental heterogeneity on genetic architecture of traits. Previous studies on this population have shown additive genetic variance for many morphological traits (Milner et al. 2000; Coltman et al. 2001; Wilson et al. 2005), genetic correlations between traits (Coltman et al. 2001), and genotype-by-environment interactions for birth weight (Wilson et al. 2006). Here we apply a random regression animal model approach to assess the extent to which quantitative genetic parameters of a range of morphological traits measured during life vary as a function of environmental conditions. We then extend this methodology to the multivariate case, testing whether the phenotypic covariance structure, and the underlying G matrix, depends on the environmental conditions experienced. Since the traits considered here are known to be sexually dimorphic and there are differences in trait growth and survival across ages, we look at sex-specific traits in lambs and then across all ages."}],"intvolume":"       181"}]