---
_id: '17776'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The gravitational waves (GW) emitted during the coalescence of supermassive
    black holes (SMBHs) in the mass range 10^4-10^7 M_sun will be detectable out to
    high redshifts with LISA. We calculate the size and orientation of the three-dimensional
    error ellipse in solid angle and redshift within which the LISA event could be
    localized using the GW signatures alone. We take into account uncertainties in
    LISA's measurements of the luminosity distance and direction to the source, in
    the background cosmology, in weak gravitational lensing magnification due to inhomogeneities
    along the line of sight, and potential source peculiar velocities. We find that
    weak lensing errors exceed other sources of uncertainties by nearly an order of
    magnitude. Under the plausible assumption that BH mergers are accompanied by gas
    accretion leading to Eddington-limited quasar activity, we then compute the number
    of quasars that would be found in a typical LISA error volume, as a function of
    BH mass and redshift. We find that low redshifts offer the best opportunities
    to identify quasar counterparts to cosmological standard sirens, and that the
    LISA error volume will typically contain a single near-Eddington quasar at z=1.
    This will allow a straightforward test of the hypothesis that BH mergers are accompanied
    by bright quasar activity and, if the hypothesis proves correct, will guarantee
    the identification of a unique quasar counterpart. This would yield unprecedented
    tests of the physics of SMBH accretion, and offer an alternative method to precisely
    constrain cosmological parameters.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Bence
  full_name: Kocsis, Bence
  last_name: Kocsis
- first_name: Zsolt
  full_name: Frei, Zsolt
  last_name: Frei
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: Kristen
  full_name: Menou, Kristen
  last_name: Menou
citation:
  ama: Kocsis B, Frei Z, Haiman Z, Menou K. Finding the electromagnetic counterparts
    of cosmological standard sirens. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2006;637(1):27-37.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498236">10.1086/498236</a>
  apa: Kocsis, B., Frei, Z., Haiman, Z., &#38; Menou, K. (2006). Finding the electromagnetic
    counterparts of cosmological standard sirens. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>.
    American Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498236">https://doi.org/10.1086/498236</a>
  chicago: Kocsis, Bence, Zsolt Frei, Zoltán Haiman, and Kristen Menou. “Finding the
    Electromagnetic Counterparts of Cosmological Standard Sirens.” <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498236">https://doi.org/10.1086/498236</a>.
  ieee: B. Kocsis, Z. Frei, Z. Haiman, and K. Menou, “Finding the electromagnetic
    counterparts of cosmological standard sirens,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>,
    vol. 637, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, pp. 27–37, 2006.
  ista: Kocsis B, Frei Z, Haiman Z, Menou K. 2006. Finding the electromagnetic counterparts
    of cosmological standard sirens. The Astrophysical Journal. 637(1), 27–37.
  mla: Kocsis, Bence, et al. “Finding the Electromagnetic Counterparts of Cosmological
    Standard Sirens.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 637, no. 1, American
    Astronomical Society, 2006, pp. 27–37, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498236">10.1086/498236</a>.
  short: B. Kocsis, Z. Frei, Z. Haiman, K. Menou, The Astrophysical Journal 637 (2006)
    27–37.
date_created: 2024-09-06T10:11:17Z
date_published: 2006-01-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-30T11:49:10Z
day: '20'
doi: 10.1086/498236
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       637'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1086/498236
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 27-37
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0004-637X
  - 1538-4357
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Finding the electromagnetic counterparts of cosmological standard sirens
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 637
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '17794'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We model the number of detectable supernovae (SNe) as a function of redshift
    at different flux thresholds, making use of the observed properties of local SNe,
    such as their light curves, fiducial spectra, and peak magnitude distributions.
    We assume that the star formation rate (SFR) at high redshift traces the formation
    rate of dark matter halos. We obtain a rate of 0.4-2.3 SNe arcmin^-2 yr^-1 at
    z ≳ 5 at the near-infrared (4.5 μm) flux density threshold of 3 nJy (achievable
    with the James Webb Space Telescope [JWST] in a 10^5 s integration). In a hypothetical
    1 yr survey, it should be possible to detect up to several thousand SNe per unit
    redshift at z ~ 6. We discuss the possible application of such a large sample
    of distant SNe as a probe of the epoch of reionization. By heating the intergalactic
    medium (IGM) and raising the cosmological Jeans mass, the process of reionization
    can suppress star formation in low-mass galaxies. This could have produced a relatively
    sharp drop in the SN rate around the redshift of reionization (zre). We quantify
    the detectability of this feature in future surveys of distant SNe by varying
    the redshift and duration of reionization, as well as its impact on the SFR in
    low-mass halos, which results in different redshifts, widths, and sizes of the
    drop in the expected SFR. We find that the drop can be detected out to zre ~ 13,
    as long as (1) the reionization history contains a relatively rapid feature that
    is synchronized over different regions to within Δz ≲ 1-3, (2) the star formation
    efficiency in halos that dominate reionization is epsilon* ~ 10%, and (3) reionization
    significantly suppresses the star formation in low-mass halos. Depending on the
    details of (1)-(3), this could be achieved with a survey lasting less than 2 weeks.
    Detecting this signature would also help elucidate the feedback mechanism that
    regulates reionization.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Andrei
  full_name: Mesinger, Andrei
  last_name: Mesinger
- first_name: Benjamin D.
  full_name: Johnson, Benjamin D.
  last_name: Johnson
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
citation:
  ama: Mesinger A, Johnson BD, Haiman Z. The redshift distribution of distant supernovae
    and its use in probing reionization. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2006;637(1):80-90.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498294">10.1086/498294</a>
  apa: Mesinger, A., Johnson, B. D., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2006). The redshift distribution
    of distant supernovae and its use in probing reionization. <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498294">https://doi.org/10.1086/498294</a>
  chicago: Mesinger, Andrei, Benjamin D. Johnson, and Zoltán Haiman. “The Redshift
    Distribution of Distant Supernovae and Its Use in Probing Reionization.” <i>The
    Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498294">https://doi.org/10.1086/498294</a>.
  ieee: A. Mesinger, B. D. Johnson, and Z. Haiman, “The redshift distribution of distant
    supernovae and its use in probing reionization,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>,
    vol. 637, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, pp. 80–90, 2006.
  ista: Mesinger A, Johnson BD, Haiman Z. 2006. The redshift distribution of distant
    supernovae and its use in probing reionization. The Astrophysical Journal. 637(1),
    80–90.
  mla: Mesinger, Andrei, et al. “The Redshift Distribution of Distant Supernovae and
    Its Use in Probing Reionization.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 637,
    no. 1, American Astronomical Society, 2006, pp. 80–90, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/498294">10.1086/498294</a>.
  short: A. Mesinger, B.D. Johnson, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal 637 (2006)
    80–90.
date_created: 2024-09-06T10:26:17Z
date_published: 2006-01-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-30T11:23:16Z
day: '20'
doi: 10.1086/498294
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       637'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1086/498294
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 80-90
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0004-637X
  - 1538-4357
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The redshift distribution of distant supernovae and its use in probing reionization
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 637
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8488'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We demonstrate for different protein samples that three-dimensional HNCO and
    HNCA correlation spectra may be recorded in a few minutes acquisition time using
    the band-selective excitation short-transient sequences presented here. This opens
    new perspectives for the NMR structural investigation of unstable protein samples
    and real-time site-resolved studies of protein kinetics.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Schanda, Paul
  id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
  last_name: Schanda
  orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
- first_name: Hélène
  full_name: Van Melckebeke, Hélène
  last_name: Van Melckebeke
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard
  last_name: Brutscher
citation:
  ama: Schanda P, Van Melckebeke H, Brutscher B. Speeding up three-dimensional protein
    NMR experiments to a few minutes. <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>.
    2006;128(28):9042-9043. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p">10.1021/ja062025p</a>
  apa: Schanda, P., Van Melckebeke, H., &#38; Brutscher, B. (2006). Speeding up three-dimensional
    protein NMR experiments to a few minutes. <i>Journal of the American Chemical
    Society</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p</a>
  chicago: Schanda, Paul, Hélène Van Melckebeke, and Bernhard Brutscher. “Speeding
    up Three-Dimensional Protein NMR Experiments to a Few Minutes.” <i>Journal of
    the American Chemical Society</i>. American Chemical Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p</a>.
  ieee: P. Schanda, H. Van Melckebeke, and B. Brutscher, “Speeding up three-dimensional
    protein NMR experiments to a few minutes,” <i>Journal of the American Chemical
    Society</i>, vol. 128, no. 28. American Chemical Society, pp. 9042–9043, 2006.
  ista: Schanda P, Van Melckebeke H, Brutscher B. 2006. Speeding up three-dimensional
    protein NMR experiments to a few minutes. Journal of the American Chemical Society.
    128(28), 9042–9043.
  mla: Schanda, Paul, et al. “Speeding up Three-Dimensional Protein NMR Experiments
    to a Few Minutes.” <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>, vol. 128,
    no. 28, American Chemical Society, 2006, pp. 9042–43, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062025p">10.1021/ja062025p</a>.
  short: P. Schanda, H. Van Melckebeke, B. Brutscher, Journal of the American Chemical
    Society 128 (2006) 9042–9043.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:13:36Z
date_published: 2006-06-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:37Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1021/ja062025p
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       128'
issue: '28'
keyword:
- Colloid and Surface Chemistry
- Biochemistry
- General Chemistry
- Catalysis
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 9042-9043
publication: Journal of the American Chemical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0002-7863
  - 1520-5126
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Speeding up three-dimensional protein NMR experiments to a few minutes
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 128
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8489'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Structure elucidation of proteins by either NMR or X‐ray crystallography often
    requires the screening of a large number of samples for promising protein constructs
    and optimum solution conditions. For large‐scale screening of protein samples
    in solution, robust methods are needed that allow a rapid assessment of the folding
    of a polypeptide under diverse sample conditions. Here we present HET‐SOFAST NMR,
    a highly sensitive new method for semi‐quantitative characterization of the structural
    compactness and heterogeneity of polypeptide chains in solution. On the basis
    of one‐dimensional 1H HET‐SOFAST NMR data, obtained on well‐folded, molten globular,
    partially‐ and completely unfolded proteins, we define empirical thresholds that
    can be used as quantitative benchmarks for protein compactness. For 15N‐enriched
    protein samples, two‐dimensional 1H‐15N HET‐SOFAST correlation spectra provide
    site‐specific information about the structural heterogeneity along the polypeptide
    chain.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Schanda, Paul
  id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
  last_name: Schanda
  orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
- first_name: Vincent
  full_name: Forge, Vincent
  last_name: Forge
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard
  last_name: Brutscher
citation:
  ama: Schanda P, Forge V, Brutscher B. HET-SOFAST NMR for fast detection of structural
    compactness and heterogeneity along polypeptide chains. <i>Magnetic Resonance
    in Chemistry</i>. 2006;44(S1):S177-S184. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825">10.1002/mrc.1825</a>
  apa: Schanda, P., Forge, V., &#38; Brutscher, B. (2006). HET-SOFAST NMR for fast
    detection of structural compactness and heterogeneity along polypeptide chains.
    <i>Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825">https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825</a>
  chicago: Schanda, Paul, Vincent Forge, and Bernhard Brutscher. “HET-SOFAST NMR for
    Fast Detection of Structural Compactness and Heterogeneity along Polypeptide Chains.”
    <i>Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry</i>. Wiley, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825">https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825</a>.
  ieee: P. Schanda, V. Forge, and B. Brutscher, “HET-SOFAST NMR for fast detection
    of structural compactness and heterogeneity along polypeptide chains,” <i>Magnetic
    Resonance in Chemistry</i>, vol. 44, no. S1. Wiley, pp. S177–S184, 2006.
  ista: Schanda P, Forge V, Brutscher B. 2006. HET-SOFAST NMR for fast detection of
    structural compactness and heterogeneity along polypeptide chains. Magnetic Resonance
    in Chemistry. 44(S1), S177–S184.
  mla: Schanda, Paul, et al. “HET-SOFAST NMR for Fast Detection of Structural Compactness
    and Heterogeneity along Polypeptide Chains.” <i>Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry</i>,
    vol. 44, no. S1, Wiley, 2006, pp. S177–84, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1825">10.1002/mrc.1825</a>.
  short: P. Schanda, V. Forge, B. Brutscher, Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 44 (2006)
    S177–S184.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:13:42Z
date_published: 2006-07-06T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:37Z
day: '06'
doi: 10.1002/mrc.1825
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        44'
issue: S1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa_version: None
page: S177-S184
publication: Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0749-1581
  - 1097-458X
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: HET-SOFAST NMR for fast detection of structural compactness and heterogeneity
  along polypeptide chains
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 44
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8490'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We demonstrate the feasibility of recording 1H–15N correlation spectra of
    proteins in only one second of acquisition time. The experiment combines recently
    proposed SOFAST-HMQC with Hadamard-type 15N frequency encoding. This allows site-resolved
    real-time NMR studies of kinetic processes in proteins with an increased time
    resolution. The sensitivity of the experiment is sufficient to be applicable to
    a wide range of molecular systems available at millimolar concentration on a high
    magnetic field spectrometer.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Schanda, Paul
  id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
  last_name: Schanda
  orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard
  last_name: Brutscher
citation:
  ama: Schanda P, Brutscher B. Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC for ultrafast
    two-dimensional protein NMR. <i>Journal of Magnetic Resonance</i>. 2006;178(2):334-339.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007">10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007</a>
  apa: Schanda, P., &#38; Brutscher, B. (2006). Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC
    for ultrafast two-dimensional protein NMR. <i>Journal of Magnetic Resonance</i>.
    Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007</a>
  chicago: Schanda, Paul, and Bernhard Brutscher. “Hadamard Frequency-Encoded SOFAST-HMQC
    for Ultrafast Two-Dimensional Protein NMR.” <i>Journal of Magnetic Resonance</i>.
    Elsevier, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007</a>.
  ieee: P. Schanda and B. Brutscher, “Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC for ultrafast
    two-dimensional protein NMR,” <i>Journal of Magnetic Resonance</i>, vol. 178,
    no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 334–339, 2006.
  ista: Schanda P, Brutscher B. 2006. Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC for ultrafast
    two-dimensional protein NMR. Journal of Magnetic Resonance. 178(2), 334–339.
  mla: Schanda, Paul, and Bernhard Brutscher. “Hadamard Frequency-Encoded SOFAST-HMQC
    for Ultrafast Two-Dimensional Protein NMR.” <i>Journal of Magnetic Resonance</i>,
    vol. 178, no. 2, Elsevier, 2006, pp. 334–39, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007">10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007</a>.
  short: P. Schanda, B. Brutscher, Journal of Magnetic Resonance 178 (2006) 334–339.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:13:51Z
date_published: 2006-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:38Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2005.10.007
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       178'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Nuclear and High Energy Physics
- Biophysics
- Biochemistry
- Condensed Matter Physics
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: 334-339
publication: Journal of Magnetic Resonance
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1090-7807
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
status: public
title: Hadamard frequency-encoded SOFAST-HMQC for ultrafast two-dimensional protein
  NMR
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 178
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8513'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Vadim
  full_name: Kaloshin, Vadim
  id: FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425
  last_name: Kaloshin
  orcid: 0000-0002-6051-2628
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Saprykina, Maria
  last_name: Saprykina
citation:
  ama: Kaloshin V, Saprykina M. Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving diffeomorphisms
    with superexponential growth of number of periodic orbits. <i>Discrete &#38; Continuous
    Dynamical Systems - A</i>. 2006;15(2):611-640. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611">10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611</a>
  apa: Kaloshin, V., &#38; Saprykina, M. (2006). Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving
    diffeomorphisms with superexponential growth of number of periodic orbits. <i>Discrete
    &#38; Continuous Dynamical Systems - A</i>. American Institute of Mathematical
    Sciences (AIMS). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611">https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611</a>
  chicago: Kaloshin, Vadim, and Maria Saprykina. “Generic 3-Dimensional Volume-Preserving
    Diffeomorphisms with Superexponential Growth of Number of Periodic Orbits.” <i>Discrete
    &#38; Continuous Dynamical Systems - A</i>. American Institute of Mathematical
    Sciences (AIMS), 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611">https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611</a>.
  ieee: V. Kaloshin and M. Saprykina, “Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving diffeomorphisms
    with superexponential growth of number of periodic orbits,” <i>Discrete &#38;
    Continuous Dynamical Systems - A</i>, vol. 15, no. 2. American Institute of Mathematical
    Sciences (AIMS), pp. 611–640, 2006.
  ista: Kaloshin V, Saprykina M. 2006. Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving diffeomorphisms
    with superexponential growth of number of periodic orbits. Discrete &#38; Continuous
    Dynamical Systems - A. 15(2), 611–640.
  mla: Kaloshin, Vadim, and Maria Saprykina. “Generic 3-Dimensional Volume-Preserving
    Diffeomorphisms with Superexponential Growth of Number of Periodic Orbits.” <i>Discrete
    &#38; Continuous Dynamical Systems - A</i>, vol. 15, no. 2, American Institute
    of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), 2006, pp. 611–40, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611">10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611</a>.
  short: V. Kaloshin, M. Saprykina, Discrete &#38; Continuous Dynamical Systems -
    A 15 (2006) 611–640.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:48:43Z
date_published: 2006-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:48Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.3934/dcds.2006.15.611
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        15'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
page: 611-640
publication: Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1553-5231
publication_status: published
publisher: American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS)
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Generic 3-dimensional volume-preserving diffeomorphisms with superexponential
  growth of number of periodic orbits
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 15
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8514'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We study the extent to which the Hausdorff dimension of a compact subset of
    an infinite-dimensional Banach space is affected by a typical mapping into a finite-dimensional
    space. It is possible that the dimension drops under all such mappings, but the
    amount by which it typically drops is controlled by the ‘thickness exponent’ of
    the set, which was defined by Hunt and Kaloshin (Nonlinearity12 (1999), 1263–1275).
    More precisely, let $X$ be a compact subset of a Banach space $B$ with thickness
    exponent $\tau$ and Hausdorff dimension $d$. Let $M$ be any subspace of the (locally)
    Lipschitz functions from $B$ to $\mathbb{R}^{m}$ that contains the space of bounded
    linear functions. We prove that for almost every (in the sense of prevalence)
    function $f \in M$, the Hausdorff dimension of $f(X)$ is at least $\min\{ m, d
    / (1 + \tau) \}$. We also prove an analogous result for a certain part of the
    dimension spectra of Borel probability measures supported on $X$. The factor $1
    / (1 + \tau)$ can be improved to $1 / (1 + \tau / 2)$ if $B$ is a Hilbert space.
    Since dimension cannot increase under a (locally) Lipschitz function, these theorems
    become dimension preservation results when $\tau = 0$. We conjecture that many
    of the attractors associated with the evolution equations of mathematical physics
    have thickness exponent zero. We also discuss the sharpness of our results in
    the case $\tau > 0$.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: WILLIAM
  full_name: OTT, WILLIAM
  last_name: OTT
- first_name: BRIAN
  full_name: HUNT, BRIAN
  last_name: HUNT
- first_name: Vadim
  full_name: Kaloshin, Vadim
  id: FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425
  last_name: Kaloshin
  orcid: 0000-0002-6051-2628
citation:
  ama: OTT W, HUNT B, Kaloshin V. The effect of projections on fractal sets and measures
    in Banach spaces. <i>Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems</i>. 2006;26(3):869-891.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714">10.1017/s0143385705000714</a>
  apa: OTT, W., HUNT, B., &#38; Kaloshin, V. (2006). The effect of projections on
    fractal sets and measures in Banach spaces. <i>Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems</i>.
    Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714">https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714</a>
  chicago: OTT, WILLIAM, BRIAN HUNT, and Vadim Kaloshin. “The Effect of Projections
    on Fractal Sets and Measures in Banach Spaces.” <i>Ergodic Theory and Dynamical
    Systems</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714">https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714</a>.
  ieee: W. OTT, B. HUNT, and V. Kaloshin, “The effect of projections on fractal sets
    and measures in Banach spaces,” <i>Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems</i>, vol.
    26, no. 3. Cambridge University Press, pp. 869–891, 2006.
  ista: OTT W, HUNT B, Kaloshin V. 2006. The effect of projections on fractal sets
    and measures in Banach spaces. Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems. 26(3), 869–891.
  mla: OTT, WILLIAM, et al. “The Effect of Projections on Fractal Sets and Measures
    in Banach Spaces.” <i>Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems</i>, vol. 26, no. 3,
    Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 869–91, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143385705000714">10.1017/s0143385705000714</a>.
  short: W. OTT, B. HUNT, V. Kaloshin, Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 26 (2006)
    869–891.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:48:52Z
date_published: 2006-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:48Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1017/s0143385705000714
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        26'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 869-891
publication: Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0143-3857
  - 1469-4417
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The effect of projections on fractal sets and measures in Banach spaces
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 26
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '8515'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "We consider the evolution of a set carried by a space periodic incompressible
    stochastic flow in a Euclidean space. We\r\nreport on three main results obtained
    in [8, 9, 10] concerning long time behaviour for a typical realization of the
    stochastic flow. First, at time t most of the particles are at a distance of order
    √t away from the origin. Moreover, we prove a Central Limit Theorem for the evolution
    of a measure carried by the flow, which holds for almost every realization of
    the flow. Second, we show the existence of a zero measure full Hausdorff dimension
    set of points, which\r\nescape to infinity at a linear rate. Third, in the 2-dimensional
    case, we study the set of points visited by the original set by time t. Such a
    set, when scaled down by the factor of t, has a limiting non random shape."
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Vadim
  full_name: Kaloshin, Vadim
  id: FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425
  last_name: Kaloshin
  orcid: 0000-0002-6051-2628
- first_name: D.
  full_name: DOLGOPYAT, D.
  last_name: DOLGOPYAT
- first_name: L.
  full_name: KORALOV, L.
  last_name: KORALOV
citation:
  ama: 'Kaloshin V, DOLGOPYAT D, KORALOV L. Long time behaviour of periodic stochastic
    flows. In: <i>XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics</i>. World
    Scientific; 2006:290-295. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026">10.1142/9789812704016_0026</a>'
  apa: 'Kaloshin, V., DOLGOPYAT, D., &#38; KORALOV, L. (2006). Long time behaviour
    of periodic stochastic flows. In <i>XIVth International Congress on Mathematical
    Physics</i> (pp. 290–295). Lisbon, Portugal: World Scientific. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026">https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026</a>'
  chicago: Kaloshin, Vadim, D. DOLGOPYAT, and L. KORALOV. “Long Time Behaviour of
    Periodic Stochastic Flows.” In <i>XIVth International Congress on Mathematical
    Physics</i>, 290–95. World Scientific, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026">https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026</a>.
  ieee: V. Kaloshin, D. DOLGOPYAT, and L. KORALOV, “Long time behaviour of periodic
    stochastic flows,” in <i>XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics</i>,
    Lisbon, Portugal, 2006, pp. 290–295.
  ista: Kaloshin V, DOLGOPYAT D, KORALOV L. 2006. Long time behaviour of periodic
    stochastic flows. XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics. International
    Congress on Mathematical Physics, 290–295.
  mla: Kaloshin, Vadim, et al. “Long Time Behaviour of Periodic Stochastic Flows.”
    <i>XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics</i>, World Scientific,
    2006, pp. 290–95, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812704016_0026">10.1142/9789812704016_0026</a>.
  short: V. Kaloshin, D. DOLGOPYAT, L. KORALOV, in:, XIVth International Congress
    on Mathematical Physics, World Scientific, 2006, pp. 290–295.
conference:
  end_date: 2003-08-02
  location: Lisbon, Portugal
  name: International Congress on Mathematical Physics
  start_date: 2003-07-28
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:48:59Z
date_published: 2006-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:49Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1142/9789812704016_0026
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 290-295
publication: XIVth International Congress on Mathematical Physics
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9789812562012'
  - '9789812704016'
publication_status: published
publisher: World Scientific
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Long time behaviour of periodic stochastic flows
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '868'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Background: The glyoxylate cycle is thought to be present in bacteria, protists,
    plants, fungi, and nematodes, but not in other Metazoa. However, activity of the
    glyoxylate cycle enzymes, malate synthase (MS) and isocitrate lyase (ICL), in
    animal tissues has been reported. In order to clarify the status of the MS and
    ICL genes in animals and get an insight into their evolution, we undertook a comparative-genomic
    study. Results: Using sequence similarity searches, we identified MS genes in
    arthropods, echinoderms, and vertebrates, including platypus and opossum, but
    not in the numerous sequenced genomes of placental mammals. The regions of the
    placental mammals'' genomes expected to code for malate synthase, as determined
    by comparison of the gene orders in vertebrate genomes, show clear similarity
    to the opossum MS sequence but contain stop codons, indicating that the MS gene
    became a pseudogene in placental mammals. By contrast, the ICL gene is undetectable
    in animals other than the nematodes that possess a bifunctional, fused ICL-MS
    gene. Examination of phylogenetic trees of MS and ICL suggests multiple horizontal
    gene transfer events that probably went in both directions between several bacterial
    and eukaryotic lineages. The strongest evidence was obtained for the acquisition
    of the bifunctional ICL-MS gene from an as yet unknown bacterial source with the
    corresponding operonic organization by the common ancestor of the nematodes. Conclusion:
    The distribution of the MS and ICL genes in animals suggests that either they
    encode alternative enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle that are not orthologous to
    the known MS and ICL or the animal MS acquired a new function that remains to
    be characterized. Regardless of the ultimate solution to this conundrum, the genes
    for the glyoxylate cycle enzymes present a remarkable variety of evolutionary
    events including unusual horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to animals.'
acknowledgement: The authors thank Alexey Kondrashov for suggesting the possibility
  of non- orthologous gene displacement in glyoxylate cycle specific enzymes and for
  critical reading of this manuscript. FAK is a National Science Foundation Graduate
  Fellow.
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Eugene
  full_name: Koonin, Eugene V
  last_name: Koonin
- first_name: Igor
  full_name: Morgunov, Igor G
  last_name: Morgunov
- first_name: Tatiana
  full_name: Finogenova, Tatiana V
  last_name: Finogenova
- first_name: Marie
  full_name: Kondrashova, Marie N
  last_name: Kondrashova
citation:
  ama: Kondrashov F, Koonin E, Morgunov I, Finogenova T, Kondrashova M. Evolution
    of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Metazoa Evidence of multiple horizontal transfer
    events and pseudogene formation. <i>Biology Direct</i>. 2006;1. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-1-31">10.1186/1745-6150-1-31</a>
  apa: Kondrashov, F., Koonin, E., Morgunov, I., Finogenova, T., &#38; Kondrashova,
    M. (2006). Evolution of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Metazoa Evidence of multiple
    horizontal transfer events and pseudogene formation. <i>Biology Direct</i>. BioMed
    Central. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-1-31">https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-1-31</a>
  chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor, Eugene Koonin, Igor Morgunov, Tatiana Finogenova, and
    Marie Kondrashova. “Evolution of Glyoxylate Cycle Enzymes in Metazoa Evidence
    of Multiple Horizontal Transfer Events and Pseudogene Formation.” <i>Biology Direct</i>.
    BioMed Central, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-1-31">https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-1-31</a>.
  ieee: F. Kondrashov, E. Koonin, I. Morgunov, T. Finogenova, and M. Kondrashova,
    “Evolution of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Metazoa Evidence of multiple horizontal
    transfer events and pseudogene formation,” <i>Biology Direct</i>, vol. 1. BioMed
    Central, 2006.
  ista: Kondrashov F, Koonin E, Morgunov I, Finogenova T, Kondrashova M. 2006. Evolution
    of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Metazoa Evidence of multiple horizontal transfer
    events and pseudogene formation. Biology Direct. 1.
  mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor, et al. “Evolution of Glyoxylate Cycle Enzymes in Metazoa
    Evidence of Multiple Horizontal Transfer Events and Pseudogene Formation.” <i>Biology
    Direct</i>, vol. 1, BioMed Central, 2006, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-1-31">10.1186/1745-6150-1-31</a>.
  short: F. Kondrashov, E. Koonin, I. Morgunov, T. Finogenova, M. Kondrashova, Biology
    Direct 1 (2006).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:56Z
date_published: 2006-10-23T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:20:31Z
day: '23'
doi: 10.1186/1745-6150-1-31
extern: 1
intvolume: '         1'
month: '10'
publication: Biology Direct
publication_status: published
publisher: BioMed Central
publist_id: '6778'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Evolution of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Metazoa Evidence of multiple horizontal
  transfer events and pseudogene formation
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
volume: 1
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '873'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: New genes commonly appear through complete or partial duplications of pre-existing
    genes. Duplications of long DNA segments are constantly produced by rare mutations,
    may become fixed in a population by selection or random drift, and are subject
    to divergent evolution of the paralogous sequences after fixation, although gene
    conversion can impede this process. New data shed some light on each of these
    processes. Mutations which involve duplications can occur through at least two
    different mechanisms, backward strand slippage during DNA replication and unequal
    crossing-over. The background rate of duplication of a complete gene in humans
    is 10-9-10-10 per generation, although many genes located within hot-spots of
    large-scale mutation are duplicated much more often. Many gene duplications affect
    fitness strongly, and are responsible, through gene dosage effects, for a number
    of genetic diseases. However, high levels of intrapopulation polymorphism caused
    by presence or absence of long, gene-containing DNA segments imply that some duplications
    are not under strong selection. The polymorphism to fixation ratios appear to
    be approximately the same for gene duplications and for presumably selectively
    neutral nucleotide substitutions, which, according to the McDonald-Kreitman test,
    is consistent with selective neutrality of duplications. However, this pattern
    can also be due to negative selection against most of segregating duplications
    and positive selection for at least some duplications which become fixed. Patterns
    in post-fixation evolution of duplicated genes do not easily reveal the causes
    of fixations. Many gene duplications which became fixed recently in a variety
    of organisms were positively selected because the increased expression of the
    corresponding genes was beneficial. The effects of gene dosage provide a unified
    framework for studying all phases of the life history of a gene duplication. Application
    of well-known methods of evolutionary genetics to accumulating data on new, polymorphic,
    and fixed duplication will enhance our understanding of the role of natural selection
    in the evolution by gene duplication.
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Alexey
  full_name: Kondrashov, Alexey S
  last_name: Kondrashov
citation:
  ama: Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. Role of selection in fixation of gene duplications.
    <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>. 2006;239(2):141-151. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033">10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033</a>
  apa: Kondrashov, F., &#38; Kondrashov, A. (2006). Role of selection in fixation
    of gene duplications. <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033</a>
  chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Role of Selection in Fixation
    of Gene Duplications.” <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>. Elsevier, 2006.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033</a>.
  ieee: F. Kondrashov and A. Kondrashov, “Role of selection in fixation of gene duplications,”
    <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>, vol. 239, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 141–151,
    2006.
  ista: Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. 2006. Role of selection in fixation of gene duplications.
    Journal of Theoretical Biology. 239(2), 141–151.
  mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Role of Selection in Fixation of
    Gene Duplications.” <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>, vol. 239, no. 2, Elsevier,
    2006, pp. 141–51, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033">10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033</a>.
  short: F. Kondrashov, A. Kondrashov, Journal of Theoretical Biology 239 (2006) 141–151.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:57Z
date_published: 2006-03-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:20:47Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.033
extern: 1
intvolume: '       239'
issue: '2'
month: '03'
page: 141 - 151
publication: Journal of Theoretical Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '6773'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Role of selection in fixation of gene duplications
type: journal_article
volume: 239
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '903'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Background: Carcinogenesis typically involves multiple somatic mutations
    in caretaker (DNA repair) and gatekeeper (tumor suppressors and oncogenes) genes.
    Analysis of mutation spectra of the tumor suppressor that is most commonly mutated
    in human cancers, p53, unexpectedly suggested that somatic evolution of the p53
    gene during tumorigenesis is dominated by positive selection for gain of function.
    This conclusion is supported by accumulating experimental evidence of evolution
    of new functions of p53 in tumors. These findings prompted a genome-wide analysis
    of possible positive selection during tumor evolution. Methods: A comprehensive
    analysis of probable somatic mutations in the sequences of Expressed Sequence
    Tags (ESTs) from malignant tumors and normal tissues was performed in order to
    access the prevalence of positive selection in cancer evolution. For each EST,
    the numbers of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions were calculated. In
    order to identify genes with a signature of positive selection in cancers, these
    numbers were compared to: i) expected numbers and ii) the numbers for the respective
    genes in the ESTs from normal tissues. Results: We identified 112 genes with a
    signature of positive selection in cancers, i.e., a significantly elevated ratio
    of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions, in tumors as compared to 37 such
    genes in an approximately equal-sized EST collection from normal tissues. A substantial
    fraction of the tumor-specific positive-selection candidates have experimentally
    demonstrated or strongly predicted links to cancer. Conclusion: The results of
    EST analysis should be interpreted with extreme caution given the noise introduced
    by sequencing errors and undetected polymorphisms. Furthermore, an inherent limitation
    of EST analysis is that multiple mutations amenable to statistical analysis can
    be detected only in relatively highly expressed genes. Nevertheless, the present
    results suggest that positive selection might affect a substantial number of genes
    during tumorigenic somatic evolution.'
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the
  National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health/DHHS. FAK is an
  NSF Graduate Fellow. We thank Yuri Pavlov for helpful discussions.
author:
- first_name: Vladimir
  full_name: Babenko, Vladimir N
  last_name: Babenko
- first_name: Malay
  full_name: Basu, Malay K
  last_name: Basu
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Igor
  full_name: Rogozin, Igor B
  last_name: Rogozin
- first_name: Eugene
  full_name: Koonin, Eugene V
  last_name: Koonin
citation:
  ama: Babenko V, Basu M, Kondrashov F, Rogozin I, Koonin E. Signs of positive selection
    of somatic mutations in human cancers detected by EST sequence analysis. <i>BMC
    Cancer</i>. 2006;6. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-6-36">10.1186/1471-2407-6-36</a>
  apa: Babenko, V., Basu, M., Kondrashov, F., Rogozin, I., &#38; Koonin, E. (2006).
    Signs of positive selection of somatic mutations in human cancers detected by
    EST sequence analysis. <i>BMC Cancer</i>. BioMed Central. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-6-36">https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-6-36</a>
  chicago: Babenko, Vladimir, Malay Basu, Fyodor Kondrashov, Igor Rogozin, and Eugene
    Koonin. “Signs of Positive Selection of Somatic Mutations in Human Cancers Detected
    by EST Sequence Analysis.” <i>BMC Cancer</i>. BioMed Central, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-6-36">https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-6-36</a>.
  ieee: V. Babenko, M. Basu, F. Kondrashov, I. Rogozin, and E. Koonin, “Signs of positive
    selection of somatic mutations in human cancers detected by EST sequence analysis,”
    <i>BMC Cancer</i>, vol. 6. BioMed Central, 2006.
  ista: Babenko V, Basu M, Kondrashov F, Rogozin I, Koonin E. 2006. Signs of positive
    selection of somatic mutations in human cancers detected by EST sequence analysis.
    BMC Cancer. 6.
  mla: Babenko, Vladimir, et al. “Signs of Positive Selection of Somatic Mutations
    in Human Cancers Detected by EST Sequence Analysis.” <i>BMC Cancer</i>, vol. 6,
    BioMed Central, 2006, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-6-36">10.1186/1471-2407-6-36</a>.
  short: V. Babenko, M. Basu, F. Kondrashov, I. Rogozin, E. Koonin, BMC Cancer 6 (2006).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:07Z
date_published: 2006-02-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:21:47Z
day: '09'
doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-36
extern: 1
intvolume: '         6'
month: '02'
publication: BMC Cancer
publication_status: published
publisher: BioMed Central
publist_id: '6744'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Signs of positive selection of somatic mutations in human cancers detected
  by EST sequence analysis
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
volume: 6
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '9505'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Cytosine methylation, a common form of DNA modification that antagonizes
    transcription, is found at transposons and repeats in vertebrates, plants and
    fungi. Here we have mapped DNA methylation in the entire Arabidopsis thaliana
    genome at high resolution. DNA methylation covers transposons and is present within
    a large fraction of A. thaliana genes. Methylation within genes is conspicuously
    biased away from gene ends, suggesting a dependence on RNA polymerase transit.
    Genic methylation is strongly influenced by transcription: moderately transcribed
    genes are most likely to be methylated, whereas genes at either extreme are least
    likely. In turn, transcription is influenced by methylation: short methylated
    genes are poorly expressed, and loss of methylation in the body of a gene leads
    to enhanced transcription. Our results indicate that genic transcription and DNA
    methylation are closely interwoven processes.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Zilberman, Daniel
  id: 6973db13-dd5f-11ea-814e-b3e5455e9ed1
  last_name: Zilberman
  orcid: 0000-0002-0123-8649
- first_name: Mary
  full_name: Gehring, Mary
  last_name: Gehring
- first_name: Robert K.
  full_name: Tran, Robert K.
  last_name: Tran
- first_name: Tracy
  full_name: Ballinger, Tracy
  last_name: Ballinger
- first_name: Steven
  full_name: Henikoff, Steven
  last_name: Henikoff
citation:
  ama: Zilberman D, Gehring M, Tran RK, Ballinger T, Henikoff S. Genome-wide analysis
    of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation uncovers an interdependence between methylation
    and transcription. <i>Nature Genetics</i>. 2006;39(1):61-69. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1929">10.1038/ng1929</a>
  apa: Zilberman, D., Gehring, M., Tran, R. K., Ballinger, T., &#38; Henikoff, S.
    (2006). Genome-wide analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation uncovers
    an interdependence between methylation and transcription. <i>Nature Genetics</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1929">https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1929</a>
  chicago: Zilberman, Daniel, Mary Gehring, Robert K. Tran, Tracy Ballinger, and Steven
    Henikoff. “Genome-Wide Analysis of Arabidopsis Thaliana DNA Methylation Uncovers
    an Interdependence between Methylation and Transcription.” <i>Nature Genetics</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1929">https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1929</a>.
  ieee: D. Zilberman, M. Gehring, R. K. Tran, T. Ballinger, and S. Henikoff, “Genome-wide
    analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation uncovers an interdependence between
    methylation and transcription,” <i>Nature Genetics</i>, vol. 39, no. 1. Nature
    Publishing Group, pp. 61–69, 2006.
  ista: Zilberman D, Gehring M, Tran RK, Ballinger T, Henikoff S. 2006. Genome-wide
    analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation uncovers an interdependence between
    methylation and transcription. Nature Genetics. 39(1), 61–69.
  mla: Zilberman, Daniel, et al. “Genome-Wide Analysis of Arabidopsis Thaliana DNA
    Methylation Uncovers an Interdependence between Methylation and Transcription.”
    <i>Nature Genetics</i>, vol. 39, no. 1, Nature Publishing Group, 2006, pp. 61–69,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1929">10.1038/ng1929</a>.
  short: D. Zilberman, M. Gehring, R.K. Tran, T. Ballinger, S. Henikoff, Nature Genetics
    39 (2006) 61–69.
date_created: 2021-06-07T12:19:31Z
date_published: 2006-11-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-12-14T09:02:51Z
day: '26'
department:
- _id: DaZi
doi: 10.1038/ng1929
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '17128275'
intvolume: '        39'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 61-69
pmid: 1
publication: Nature Genetics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1546-1718
  issn:
  - 1061-4036
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Genome-wide analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation uncovers an interdependence
  between methylation and transcription
type: journal_article
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
volume: 39
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '6151'
author:
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Salecker, Iris
  last_name: Salecker
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Häusser, Michael
  last_name: Häusser
- first_name: Mario
  full_name: de Bono, Mario
  id: 4E3FF80E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: de Bono
  orcid: 0000-0001-8347-0443
citation:
  ama: 'Salecker I, Häusser M, de Bono M. On the axonal road to circuit function and
    behaviour: Workshop on the assembly and function of neuronal circuits. <i>EMBO
    reports</i>. 2006;7(6):585-589. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400713">10.1038/sj.embor.7400713</a>'
  apa: 'Salecker, I., Häusser, M., &#38; de Bono, M. (2006). On the axonal road to
    circuit function and behaviour: Workshop on the assembly and function of neuronal
    circuits. <i>EMBO Reports</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400713">https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400713</a>'
  chicago: 'Salecker, Iris, Michael Häusser, and Mario de Bono. “On the Axonal Road
    to Circuit Function and Behaviour: Workshop on the Assembly and Function of Neuronal
    Circuits.” <i>EMBO Reports</i>. Wiley, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400713">https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400713</a>.'
  ieee: 'I. Salecker, M. Häusser, and M. de Bono, “On the axonal road to circuit function
    and behaviour: Workshop on the assembly and function of neuronal circuits,” <i>EMBO
    reports</i>, vol. 7, no. 6. Wiley, pp. 585–589, 2006.'
  ista: 'Salecker I, Häusser M, de Bono M. 2006. On the axonal road to circuit function
    and behaviour: Workshop on the assembly and function of neuronal circuits. EMBO
    reports. 7(6), 585–589.'
  mla: 'Salecker, Iris, et al. “On the Axonal Road to Circuit Function and Behaviour:
    Workshop on the Assembly and Function of Neuronal Circuits.” <i>EMBO Reports</i>,
    vol. 7, no. 6, Wiley, 2006, pp. 585–89, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400713">10.1038/sj.embor.7400713</a>.'
  short: I. Salecker, M. Häusser, M. de Bono, EMBO Reports 7 (2006) 585–589.
date_created: 2019-03-21T08:50:43Z
date_published: 2006-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:06:23Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400713
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '16729018'
intvolume: '         7'
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1479602
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 585-589
pmid: 1
publication: EMBO reports
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1469-221X
  - 1469-3178
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'On the axonal road to circuit function and behaviour: Workshop on the assembly
  and function of neuronal circuits'
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 7
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '6152'
author:
- first_name: Candida
  full_name: Rogers, Candida
  last_name: Rogers
- first_name: Annelie
  full_name: Persson, Annelie
  last_name: Persson
- first_name: Benny
  full_name: Cheung, Benny
  last_name: Cheung
- first_name: Mario
  full_name: de Bono, Mario
  id: 4E3FF80E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: de Bono
  orcid: 0000-0001-8347-0443
citation:
  ama: Rogers C, Persson A, Cheung B, de Bono M. Behavioral motifs and neural pathways
    coordinating O2 responses and aggregation in C. elegans. <i>Current Biology</i>.
    2006;16(7):649-659. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.023">10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.023</a>
  apa: Rogers, C., Persson, A., Cheung, B., &#38; de Bono, M. (2006). Behavioral motifs
    and neural pathways coordinating O2 responses and aggregation in C. elegans. <i>Current
    Biology</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.023">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.023</a>
  chicago: Rogers, Candida, Annelie Persson, Benny Cheung, and Mario de Bono. “Behavioral
    Motifs and Neural Pathways Coordinating O2 Responses and Aggregation in C. Elegans.”
    <i>Current Biology</i>. Elsevier, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.023">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.023</a>.
  ieee: C. Rogers, A. Persson, B. Cheung, and M. de Bono, “Behavioral motifs and neural
    pathways coordinating O2 responses and aggregation in C. elegans,” <i>Current
    Biology</i>, vol. 16, no. 7. Elsevier, pp. 649–659, 2006.
  ista: Rogers C, Persson A, Cheung B, de Bono M. 2006. Behavioral motifs and neural
    pathways coordinating O2 responses and aggregation in C. elegans. Current Biology.
    16(7), 649–659.
  mla: Rogers, Candida, et al. “Behavioral Motifs and Neural Pathways Coordinating
    O2 Responses and Aggregation in C. Elegans.” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 16,
    no. 7, Elsevier, 2006, pp. 649–59, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.023">10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.023</a>.
  short: C. Rogers, A. Persson, B. Cheung, M. de Bono, Current Biology 16 (2006) 649–659.
date_created: 2019-03-21T09:15:27Z
date_published: 2006-04-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:06:23Z
day: '04'
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2006.03.023
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '16581509'
intvolume: '        16'
issue: '7'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa_version: None
page: 649-659
pmid: 1
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0960-9822
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Behavioral motifs and neural pathways coordinating O2 responses and aggregation
  in C. elegans
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 16
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '7326'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Often the properties of a single cell are considered as representative for
    a complete polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack or even a fuel cell system. In
    some cases this comes close, however, in many real cases differences on several
    scales become important. Cell interaction phenomena in fuel cell stacks that arise
    from inequalities between adjacent cells are investigated in detail experimentally.
    For that, a specialized 2-cell stack with advanced localized diagnostics was developed.
    The results show that inequalities propagate by electrical coupling, inhomogeneous
    cell polarization and inducing in-plane current in the common bipolar plate. The
    effects of the different loss-mechanisms are analyzed and quantified. '
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Felix N.
  full_name: Büchi, Felix N.
  last_name: Büchi
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Santis, Marco
  last_name: Santis
citation:
  ama: 'Büchi FN, Freunberger SA, Santis M. What is learned beyond the scale of single
    cells? In: <i>ECS Transactions</i>. Vol 3. ECS; 2006:963-968. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2356215">10.1149/1.2356215</a>'
  apa: 'Büchi, F. N., Freunberger, S. A., &#38; Santis, M. (2006). What is learned
    beyond the scale of single cells? In <i>ECS Transactions</i> (Vol. 3, pp. 963–968).
    Cancun, Mexico: ECS. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2356215">https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2356215</a>'
  chicago: Büchi, Felix N., Stefan Alexander Freunberger, and Marco Santis. “What
    Is Learned beyond the Scale of Single Cells?” In <i>ECS Transactions</i>, 3:963–68.
    ECS, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2356215">https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2356215</a>.
  ieee: F. N. Büchi, S. A. Freunberger, and M. Santis, “What is learned beyond the
    scale of single cells?,” in <i>ECS Transactions</i>, Cancun, Mexico, 2006, vol.
    3, no. 1, pp. 963–968.
  ista: Büchi FN, Freunberger SA, Santis M. 2006. What is learned beyond the scale
    of single cells? ECS Transactions. ECS Meeting vol. 3, 963–968.
  mla: Büchi, Felix N., et al. “What Is Learned beyond the Scale of Single Cells?”
    <i>ECS Transactions</i>, vol. 3, no. 1, ECS, 2006, pp. 963–68, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2356215">10.1149/1.2356215</a>.
  short: F.N. Büchi, S.A. Freunberger, M. Santis, in:, ECS Transactions, ECS, 2006,
    pp. 963–968.
conference:
  end_date: 2006-11-03
  location: Cancun, Mexico
  name: ECS Meeting
  start_date: 2006-10-29
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:22:44Z
date_published: 2006-11-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:05Z
day: '03'
doi: 10.1149/1.2356215
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         3'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 963-968
publication: ECS Transactions
publication_status: published
publisher: ECS
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: What is learned beyond the scale of single cells?
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 3
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '7327'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Propagation of performance changes to adjacent cells in polymer electrolyte
    fuel cell stacks is studied by means of voltage monitoring and local current density
    measurements in peripheral cells of the stack. A technical fuel cell stack has
    been modified by implementing two independent reactant and coolant supplies in
    order to deliberately change the performance of one cell (anomalous cell) and
    study the coupling phenomena to adjacent cells (coupling cells), while keeping
    the working conditions of the later cell-group unaltered.\r\nTwo anomalies are
    studied: (i) air starvation and (ii) thermal anomaly, in a single anomalous cell
    in the stack and their coupling to adjacent cells. The results have shown that
    anomalies inducing considerable changes in the local current density of the anomalous
    cell (such as air starvation) propagate to adjacent cells affecting their performance.
    The propagation of local current density changes takes place via the common bipolar
    plate due to its finite thickness and in-plane conductivity. Consequently, anomalies
    which do not strongly influence the local current density distribution (such as
    a thermal anomaly under the studied working conditions) do not propagate to adjacent
    cells."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Santis, Marco
  last_name: Santis
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Papra, Matthias
  last_name: Papra
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Wokaun, Alexander
  last_name: Wokaun
- first_name: Felix N.
  full_name: Büchi, Felix N.
  last_name: Büchi
citation:
  ama: Santis M, Freunberger SA, Papra M, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. Experimental investigation
    of coupling phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks. <i>Journal of Power
    Sources</i>. 2006;161(2):1076-1083. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007">10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007</a>
  apa: Santis, M., Freunberger, S. A., Papra, M., Wokaun, A., &#38; Büchi, F. N. (2006).
    Experimental investigation of coupling phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cell
    stacks. <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007</a>
  chicago: Santis, Marco, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, Matthias Papra, Alexander
    Wokaun, and Felix N. Büchi. “Experimental Investigation of Coupling Phenomena
    in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Stacks.” <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>. Elsevier,
    2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007</a>.
  ieee: M. Santis, S. A. Freunberger, M. Papra, A. Wokaun, and F. N. Büchi, “Experimental
    investigation of coupling phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks,”
    <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>, vol. 161, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 1076–1083, 2006.
  ista: Santis M, Freunberger SA, Papra M, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. 2006. Experimental
    investigation of coupling phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks. Journal
    of Power Sources. 161(2), 1076–1083.
  mla: Santis, Marco, et al. “Experimental Investigation of Coupling Phenomena in
    Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Stacks.” <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>, vol. 161,
    no. 2, Elsevier, 2006, pp. 1076–83, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007">10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007</a>.
  short: M. Santis, S.A. Freunberger, M. Papra, A. Wokaun, F.N. Büchi, Journal of
    Power Sources 161 (2006) 1076–1083.
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:22:56Z
date_published: 2006-10-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:06Z
day: '27'
doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.007
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       161'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 1076-1083
publication: Journal of Power Sources
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0378-7753
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
status: public
title: Experimental investigation of coupling phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel
  cell stacks
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 161
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '7328'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: An experimental technique for measuring the current density distribution with
    a resolution smaller than the channel/rib scale of the flow field in polymer electrolyte
    fuel cells (PEFCs) is presented. The electron conductors in a plane perpendicular
    to the channel direction are considered as two-dimensional resistors. Hence, the
    current density is obtained from the solution of Laplace's equation with the potentials
    at current collector and reaction layer as boundary conditions. Using ohmic drop
    for calculating the local current, detailed knowledge of all resistances involved
    is of prime importance. In particular, the contact resistance between the gas
    diffusion layer (GDL) and flow field rib, as well as GDL bulk conductivity, are
    strongly dependent on clamping pressure. They represent a substantial amount of
    the total ohmic drop and therefore require careful consideration. The detailed
    experimental setup as well as the concise procedure for quantitative data evaluation
    is described. Finally, the method is applied successfully to a cell operated on
    pure oxygen and air up to high current densities. The results show that electrical
    and ionic resistances seem to govern the current distribution at low current regimes,
    whereas mass transport limitations locally hamper the current production at high
    loads.
article_number: A2158
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Mathias
  full_name: Reum, Mathias
  last_name: Reum
- first_name: Jörg
  full_name: Evertz, Jörg
  last_name: Evertz
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Wokaun, Alexander
  last_name: Wokaun
- first_name: Felix N.
  full_name: Büchi, Felix N.
  last_name: Büchi
citation:
  ama: Freunberger SA, Reum M, Evertz J, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. Measuring the current
    distribution in PEFCs with sub-millimeter resolution. <i>Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society</i>. 2006;153(11). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2345591">10.1149/1.2345591</a>
  apa: Freunberger, S. A., Reum, M., Evertz, J., Wokaun, A., &#38; Büchi, F. N. (2006).
    Measuring the current distribution in PEFCs with sub-millimeter resolution. <i>Journal
    of The Electrochemical Society</i>. The Electrochemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2345591">https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2345591</a>
  chicago: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, Mathias Reum, Jörg Evertz, Alexander Wokaun,
    and Felix N. Büchi. “Measuring the Current Distribution in PEFCs with Sub-Millimeter
    Resolution.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>. The Electrochemical
    Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2345591">https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2345591</a>.
  ieee: S. A. Freunberger, M. Reum, J. Evertz, A. Wokaun, and F. N. Büchi, “Measuring
    the current distribution in PEFCs with sub-millimeter resolution,” <i>Journal
    of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 153, no. 11. The Electrochemical Society,
    2006.
  ista: Freunberger SA, Reum M, Evertz J, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. 2006. Measuring the
    current distribution in PEFCs with sub-millimeter resolution. Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society. 153(11), A2158.
  mla: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, et al. “Measuring the Current Distribution in
    PEFCs with Sub-Millimeter Resolution.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>,
    vol. 153, no. 11, A2158, The Electrochemical Society, 2006, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2345591">10.1149/1.2345591</a>.
  short: S.A. Freunberger, M. Reum, J. Evertz, A. Wokaun, F.N. Büchi, Journal of
    The Electrochemical Society 153 (2006).
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:23:12Z
date_published: 2006-09-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:06Z
day: '20'
doi: 10.1149/1.2345591
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       153'
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa_version: None
publication: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0013-4651
publication_status: published
publisher: The Electrochemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Measuring the current distribution in PEFCs with sub-millimeter resolution
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 153
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '7329'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A novel measurement principle for measuring the current distribution in polymer
    electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) is introduced. It allows, in contrast to all other
    known techniques, for the first time for a resolution smaller than the channel/rib
    scale of the flow field in PEFCs. The current density is obtained by considering
    the electron conductors in the cell as a two-dimensional resistor with the voltage
    drop caused by the current. The method was applied to a cell operated on oxygen
    up to high current densities. The results show that the ohmic resistances govern
    the current distribution in the low current regime, whereas mass transport limitations
    hamper the current production under the land at high loads.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Mathias
  full_name: Reum, Mathias
  last_name: Reum
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Wokaun, Alexander
  last_name: Wokaun
- first_name: Felix N.
  full_name: Büchi, Felix N.
  last_name: Büchi
citation:
  ama: Freunberger SA, Reum M, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. Expanding current distribution
    measurement in PEFCs to sub-millimeter resolution. <i>Electrochemistry Communications</i>.
    2006;8(9):1435-1438. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2006.05.032">10.1016/j.elecom.2006.05.032</a>
  apa: Freunberger, S. A., Reum, M., Wokaun, A., &#38; Büchi, F. N. (2006). Expanding
    current distribution measurement in PEFCs to sub-millimeter resolution. <i>Electrochemistry
    Communications</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2006.05.032">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2006.05.032</a>
  chicago: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, Mathias Reum, Alexander Wokaun, and Felix
    N. Büchi. “Expanding Current Distribution Measurement in PEFCs to Sub-Millimeter
    Resolution.” <i>Electrochemistry Communications</i>. Elsevier, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2006.05.032">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2006.05.032</a>.
  ieee: S. A. Freunberger, M. Reum, A. Wokaun, and F. N. Büchi, “Expanding current
    distribution measurement in PEFCs to sub-millimeter resolution,” <i>Electrochemistry
    Communications</i>, vol. 8, no. 9. Elsevier, pp. 1435–1438, 2006.
  ista: Freunberger SA, Reum M, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. 2006. Expanding current distribution
    measurement in PEFCs to sub-millimeter resolution. Electrochemistry Communications.
    8(9), 1435–1438.
  mla: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, et al. “Expanding Current Distribution Measurement
    in PEFCs to Sub-Millimeter Resolution.” <i>Electrochemistry Communications</i>,
    vol. 8, no. 9, Elsevier, 2006, pp. 1435–38, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2006.05.032">10.1016/j.elecom.2006.05.032</a>.
  short: S.A. Freunberger, M. Reum, A. Wokaun, F.N. Büchi, Electrochemistry Communications
    8 (2006) 1435–1438.
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:23:22Z
date_published: 2006-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:06Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.05.032
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         8'
issue: '9'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa_version: None
page: 1435-1438
publication: Electrochemistry Communications
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1388-2481
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Expanding current distribution measurement in PEFCs to sub-millimeter resolution
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 8
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '7330'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PE fuel cells) working with air at low stoichiometries
    (<2.0) and standard electrochemical components show a high degree of inhomogeneity
    in the current density distribution over the active area. An inhomogeneous current
    density distribution leads to a non-uniform utilization of the active area, which
    could negatively affect the time of life of the cells. Furthermore, it is also
    believed to lower cell performance. In this work, the homogenization of the current
    density, realized by means of tailored cathodes with along-the-air-channel redistributed
    catalyst loadings, is investigated. The air stoichiometry range for which a homogenization
    of the current density is achieved depends upon the gradient with which the catalyst
    is redistributed along the air channel. A gentle increasing catalyst loading profile
    homogenizes the current density at relatively higher air stoichiometries, while
    a steeper profile is suited better for lower air stoichiometries. The results
    show that a homogenization of the current density by means of redistributed catalyst
    loading has negative effects on cell performance. Model calculations corroborate
    the experimental findings on homogenization of the current density and deliver
    an explanation for the decrease in cell performance.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Santis, M.
  last_name: Santis
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: A.
  full_name: Reiner, A.
  last_name: Reiner
- first_name: F.N.
  full_name: Büchi, F.N.
  last_name: Büchi
citation:
  ama: Santis M, Freunberger SA, Reiner A, Büchi FN. Homogenization of the current
    density in polymer electrolyte fuel cells by in-plane cathode catalyst gradients.
    <i>Electrochimica Acta</i>. 2006;51(25):5383-5393. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.02.008">10.1016/j.electacta.2006.02.008</a>
  apa: Santis, M., Freunberger, S. A., Reiner, A., &#38; Büchi, F. N. (2006). Homogenization
    of the current density in polymer electrolyte fuel cells by in-plane cathode catalyst
    gradients. <i>Electrochimica Acta</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.02.008">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.02.008</a>
  chicago: Santis, M., Stefan Alexander Freunberger, A. Reiner, and F.N. Büchi. “Homogenization
    of the Current Density in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells by In-Plane Cathode Catalyst
    Gradients.” <i>Electrochimica Acta</i>. Elsevier, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.02.008">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.02.008</a>.
  ieee: M. Santis, S. A. Freunberger, A. Reiner, and F. N. Büchi, “Homogenization
    of the current density in polymer electrolyte fuel cells by in-plane cathode catalyst
    gradients,” <i>Electrochimica Acta</i>, vol. 51, no. 25. Elsevier, pp. 5383–5393,
    2006.
  ista: Santis M, Freunberger SA, Reiner A, Büchi FN. 2006. Homogenization of the
    current density in polymer electrolyte fuel cells by in-plane cathode catalyst
    gradients. Electrochimica Acta. 51(25), 5383–5393.
  mla: Santis, M., et al. “Homogenization of the Current Density in Polymer Electrolyte
    Fuel Cells by In-Plane Cathode Catalyst Gradients.” <i>Electrochimica Acta</i>,
    vol. 51, no. 25, Elsevier, 2006, pp. 5383–93, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.02.008">10.1016/j.electacta.2006.02.008</a>.
  short: M. Santis, S.A. Freunberger, A. Reiner, F.N. Büchi, Electrochimica Acta 51
    (2006) 5383–5393.
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:23:34Z
date_published: 2006-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:07Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.02.008
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        51'
issue: '25'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa_version: None
page: 5383-5393
publication: Electrochimica Acta
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0013-4686
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Homogenization of the current density in polymer electrolyte fuel cells by
  in-plane cathode catalyst gradients
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 51
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '7331'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A previously developed mathematical model for water management and current
    density distribution in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFCs) is employed to
    investigate the effects of cooling strategies on cell performance. The model describes
    a two-dimensional slice through the cell along the channels and through the entire
    cell sandwich including the coolant channels and the bipolar plate. Arbitrary
    flow arrangements of fuel, oxidant, and coolant stream directions can be described.
    Due to the serious impact of temperature on all processes in the PEFC, both the
    relative direction of the coolant stream to the gas streams and its mass flow
    turns out to significantly affect the cell performance. Besides influencing the
    electrochemical reaction and all kinds of mass transfer temperature, variations
    predominantly alter the local membrane hydration distribution and subseqently
    its conductivity.
article_number: A909
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Wokaun, Alexander
  last_name: Wokaun
- first_name: Felix N.
  full_name: Büchi, Felix N.
  last_name: Büchi
citation:
  ama: 'Freunberger SA, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. In-plane effects in large-scale PEFCs:
    II. The influence of cooling strategy on cell performance. <i>Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society</i>. 2006;153(5). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2185282">10.1149/1.2185282</a>'
  apa: 'Freunberger, S. A., Wokaun, A., &#38; Büchi, F. N. (2006). In-plane effects
    in large-scale PEFCs: II. The influence of cooling strategy on cell performance.
    <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>. The Electrochemical Society. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2185282">https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2185282</a>'
  chicago: 'Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, Alexander Wokaun, and Felix N. Büchi.
    “In-Plane Effects in Large-Scale PEFCs: II. The Influence of Cooling Strategy
    on Cell Performance.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>. The Electrochemical
    Society, 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2185282">https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2185282</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. A. Freunberger, A. Wokaun, and F. N. Büchi, “In-plane effects in large-scale
    PEFCs: II. The influence of cooling strategy on cell performance,” <i>Journal
    of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 153, no. 5. The Electrochemical Society,
    2006.'
  ista: 'Freunberger SA, Wokaun A, Büchi FN. 2006. In-plane effects in large-scale
    PEFCs: II. The influence of cooling strategy on cell performance. Journal of The
    Electrochemical Society. 153(5), A909.'
  mla: 'Freunberger, Stefan Alexander, et al. “In-Plane Effects in Large-Scale PEFCs:
    II. The Influence of Cooling Strategy on Cell Performance.” <i>Journal of The
    Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 153, no. 5, A909, The Electrochemical Society,
    2006, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2185282">10.1149/1.2185282</a>.'
  short: S.A. Freunberger, A. Wokaun, F.N. Büchi, Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society 153 (2006).
date_created: 2020-01-15T12:23:46Z
date_published: 2006-03-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:13:08Z
day: '27'
doi: 10.1149/1.2185282
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       153'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
publication: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0013-4651
publication_status: published
publisher: The Electrochemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'In-plane effects in large-scale PEFCs: II. The influence of cooling strategy
  on cell performance'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 153
year: '2006'
...
