---
_id: '17781'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We have discovered an extended Lyα plume (UDF 5225) associated with a compact
    source at redshift z ≈ 5.4 in slitless spectroscopic data from the Grism ACS Program
    for Extragalactic Science (GRAPES) project. The spatial extent of the emission
    is about 6 × 1.5 kpc (1'' × 0farcs25). Combining our grism data and the broadband
    images from the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF) images, we find a Lyα line flux
    of ~2.2 × 10^-17 ergs cm^-2 s^-1 and surface brightness ~7 × 10^-17ergs cm^-2
    s-1 arcsec^-2. The UDF images show diffuse continuum emission associated with
    UDF 5225, including three embedded knots. The morphology of UDF 5225 is highly
    suggestive of a galaxy in assembly. It is possible that the prominent Lyα emission
    from this object is due to an active nucleus, and that we are seeing the simultaneous
    growth through accretion of a galaxy and its central black hole. Follow-up observations
    at higher spectral resolution could test this hypothesis.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: James E.
  full_name: Rhoads, James E.
  last_name: Rhoads
- first_name: Nino
  full_name: Panagia, Nino
  last_name: Panagia
- first_name: Rogier A.
  full_name: Windhorst, Rogier A.
  last_name: Windhorst
- first_name: Sangeeta
  full_name: Malhotra, Sangeeta
  last_name: Malhotra
- first_name: Norbert
  full_name: Pirzkal, Norbert
  last_name: Pirzkal
- first_name: Chun
  full_name: Xu, Chun
  last_name: Xu
- first_name: Louis Gregory
  full_name: Strolger, Louis Gregory
  last_name: Strolger
- first_name: Louis E.
  full_name: Bergeron, Louis E.
  last_name: Bergeron
- first_name: Emanuele
  full_name: Daddi, Emanuele
  last_name: Daddi
- first_name: Harry
  full_name: Ferguson, Harry
  last_name: Ferguson
- first_name: Jonathan P.
  full_name: Gardner, Jonathan P.
  last_name: Gardner
- first_name: Caryl
  full_name: Gronwall, Caryl
  last_name: Gronwall
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: Anton
  full_name: Koekemoer, Anton
  last_name: Koekemoer
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Kummel, Martin
  last_name: Kummel
- first_name: Leonidas A.
  full_name: Moustakas, Leonidas A.
  last_name: Moustakas
- first_name: Anna
  full_name: Pasquali, Anna
  last_name: Pasquali
- first_name: Adam
  full_name: Riess, Adam
  last_name: Riess
- first_name: Sperello
  full_name: di Serego Alighieri, Sperello
  last_name: di Serego Alighieri
- first_name: Massimo
  full_name: Stiavelli, Massimo
  last_name: Stiavelli
- first_name: Zlatan
  full_name: Tsvetanov, Zlatan
  last_name: Tsvetanov
- first_name: Joel
  full_name: Vernet, Joel
  last_name: Vernet
- first_name: Jeremy
  full_name: Walsh, Jeremy
  last_name: Walsh
- first_name: Haojing
  full_name: Yan, Haojing
  last_name: Yan
citation:
  ama: Rhoads JE, Panagia N, Windhorst RA, et al. A redshift z≈ 5.4 Lyα emitting galaxy
    with linear morphology in the GRAPES/Hubble Ultra Deep Field. <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal</i>. 2005;621(2):582-586. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/427622">10.1086/427622</a>
  apa: Rhoads, J. E., Panagia, N., Windhorst, R. A., Malhotra, S., Pirzkal, N., Xu,
    C., … Yan, H. (2005). A redshift z≈ 5.4 Lyα emitting galaxy with linear morphology
    in the GRAPES/Hubble Ultra Deep Field. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American
    Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/427622">https://doi.org/10.1086/427622</a>
  chicago: Rhoads, James E., Nino Panagia, Rogier A. Windhorst, Sangeeta Malhotra,
    Norbert Pirzkal, Chun Xu, Louis Gregory Strolger, et al. “A Redshift Z≈ 5.4 Lyα
    Emitting Galaxy with Linear Morphology in the GRAPES/Hubble Ultra Deep Field.”
    <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/427622">https://doi.org/10.1086/427622</a>.
  ieee: J. E. Rhoads <i>et al.</i>, “A redshift z≈ 5.4 Lyα emitting galaxy with linear
    morphology in the GRAPES/Hubble Ultra Deep Field,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>,
    vol. 621, no. 2. American Astronomical Society, pp. 582–586, 2005.
  ista: Rhoads JE, Panagia N, Windhorst RA, Malhotra S, Pirzkal N, Xu C, Strolger
    LG, Bergeron LE, Daddi E, Ferguson H, Gardner JP, Gronwall C, Haiman Z, Koekemoer
    A, Kummel M, Moustakas LA, Pasquali A, Riess A, di Serego Alighieri S, Stiavelli
    M, Tsvetanov Z, Vernet J, Walsh J, Yan H. 2005. A redshift z≈ 5.4 Lyα emitting
    galaxy with linear morphology in the GRAPES/Hubble Ultra Deep Field. The Astrophysical
    Journal. 621(2), 582–586.
  mla: Rhoads, James E., et al. “A Redshift Z≈ 5.4 Lyα Emitting Galaxy with Linear
    Morphology in the GRAPES/Hubble Ultra Deep Field.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>,
    vol. 621, no. 2, American Astronomical Society, 2005, pp. 582–86, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/427622">10.1086/427622</a>.
  short: J.E. Rhoads, N. Panagia, R.A. Windhorst, S. Malhotra, N. Pirzkal, C. Xu,
    L.G. Strolger, L.E. Bergeron, E. Daddi, H. Ferguson, J.P. Gardner, C. Gronwall,
    Z. Haiman, A. Koekemoer, M. Kummel, L.A. Moustakas, A. Pasquali, A. Riess, S.
    di Serego Alighieri, M. Stiavelli, Z. Tsvetanov, J. Vernet, J. Walsh, H. Yan,
    The Astrophysical Journal 621 (2005) 582–586.
date_created: 2024-09-06T10:15:40Z
date_published: 2005-05-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-30T12:17:32Z
day: '10'
doi: 10.1086/427622
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       621'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1086/427622
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 582-586
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0004-637X
  - 1538-4357
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A redshift z≈ 5.4 Lyα emitting galaxy with linear morphology in the GRAPES/Hubble
  Ultra Deep Field
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 621
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '17786'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "The first stars and black holes that formed in the Universe are likely too
    faint for a direct detection. However, by ionizing most of the intergalactic medium
    (IGM), they left an indirect clue that reveals their existence. We discuss currently
    available observational constraints on the reionization history of IGM, and the
    extent to which accreting black holes (BHs) and stars can help account for these
    observations. We argue, based on the combined statistics of Lyman α and β absorption
    in quasar spectra, that the IGM contains a significant amount of neutral hydrogen
    with nHI/nH ≳0.1. On the other hand, we argue, based on the lack of a strong evolution
    in the observed abundance of Lyman α emitting galaxies beyond z ∼5.5, that the
    mean neutral hydrogen fraction cannot exceed nHI/nH ≈0.3 at the same redshift.
    We conclude that the IGM is experiencing rapid ionization at redshift z ∼6.\r\nWe
    find that quasar BHs, including faint ones that are individually below the detection
    thresholds of existing optical and X-ray surveys, are unlikely to drive the evolution
    of the neutral fraction around this epoch, because they would over-produce the
    present-day soft X-ray background. On the other hand, the seeds of the z ∼6 quasar
    BHs likely appeared at much earlier epochs (z ∼20), and produced hard ionizing
    radiation by accretion. These early BHs are promising candidates to account for
    the high redshift (z ∼15) ionization implied by the recent cosmic microwave anisotropy
    data from WMAP.\r\nUsing a model for the growth of BHs by accretion and mergers
    in a hierarchical cosmology, we suggest that the early growth of quasars must
    include a super-Eddington growth phase, and that, although not yet optically identified,
    the FIRST radio survey may have already detected several thousand > 10^8 M⊙ BHs
    at z > 6."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
citation:
  ama: Haiman Z. Finding the first generation of stars and black holes. <i>Progress
    of Theoretical Physics Supplement</i>. 2005;158:86-104. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1143/ptps.158.86">10.1143/ptps.158.86</a>
  apa: Haiman, Z. (2005). Finding the first generation of stars and black holes. <i>Progress
    of Theoretical Physics Supplement</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1143/ptps.158.86">https://doi.org/10.1143/ptps.158.86</a>
  chicago: Haiman, Zoltán. “Finding the First Generation of Stars and Black Holes.”
    <i>Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement</i>. Oxford University Press, 2005.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1143/ptps.158.86">https://doi.org/10.1143/ptps.158.86</a>.
  ieee: Z. Haiman, “Finding the first generation of stars and black holes,” <i>Progress
    of Theoretical Physics Supplement</i>, vol. 158. Oxford University Press, pp.
    86–104, 2005.
  ista: Haiman Z. 2005. Finding the first generation of stars and black holes. Progress
    of Theoretical Physics Supplement. 158, 86–104.
  mla: Haiman, Zoltán. “Finding the First Generation of Stars and Black Holes.” <i>Progress
    of Theoretical Physics Supplement</i>, vol. 158, Oxford University Press, 2005,
    pp. 86–104, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1143/ptps.158.86">10.1143/ptps.158.86</a>.
  short: Z. Haiman, Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 158 (2005) 86–104.
date_created: 2024-09-06T10:19:04Z
date_published: 2005-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-30T13:00:29Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1143/ptps.158.86
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       158'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.158.86
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 86-104
publication: Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0375-9687
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Finding the first generation of stars and black holes
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 158
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '8028'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Transmission of signals within the brain is essential for cognitive function,
    but it is not clear how neural circuits support reliable and accurate signal propagation
    over a sufficiently large dynamic range. Two modes of propagation have been studied:
    synfire chains, in which synchronous activity travels through feedforward layers
    of a neuronal network, and the propagation of fluctuations in firing rate across
    these layers. In both cases, a sufficient amount of noise, which was added to
    previous models from an external source, had to be included to support stable
    propagation. Sparse, randomly connected networks of spiking model neurons can
    generate chaotic patterns of activity. We investigate whether this activity, which
    is a more realistic noise source, is sufficient to allow for signal transmission.
    We find that, for rate-coded signals but not for synfire chains, such networks
    support robust and accurate signal reproduction through up to six layers if appropriate
    adjustments are made in synaptic strengths. We investigate the factors affecting
    transmission and show that multiple signals can propagate simultaneously along
    different pathways. Using this feature, we show how different types of logic gates
    can arise within the architecture of the random network through the strengthening
    of specific synapses.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Tim P
  full_name: Vogels, Tim P
  id: CB6FF8D2-008F-11EA-8E08-2637E6697425
  last_name: Vogels
  orcid: 0000-0003-3295-6181
- first_name: L. F.
  full_name: Abbott, L. F.
  last_name: Abbott
citation:
  ama: Vogels TP, Abbott LF. Signal propagation and logic gating in networks of integrate-and-fire
    neurons. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. 2005;25(46):10786-10795. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3508-05.2005">10.1523/jneurosci.3508-05.2005</a>
  apa: Vogels, T. P., &#38; Abbott, L. F. (2005). Signal propagation and logic gating
    in networks of integrate-and-fire neurons. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society
    for Neuroscience. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3508-05.2005">https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3508-05.2005</a>
  chicago: Vogels, Tim P, and L. F. Abbott. “Signal Propagation and Logic Gating in
    Networks of Integrate-and-Fire Neurons.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society
    for Neuroscience, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3508-05.2005">https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3508-05.2005</a>.
  ieee: T. P. Vogels and L. F. Abbott, “Signal propagation and logic gating in networks
    of integrate-and-fire neurons,” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 25, no. 46.
    Society for Neuroscience, pp. 10786–10795, 2005.
  ista: Vogels TP, Abbott LF. 2005. Signal propagation and logic gating in networks
    of integrate-and-fire neurons. Journal of Neuroscience. 25(46), 10786–10795.
  mla: Vogels, Tim P., and L. F. Abbott. “Signal Propagation and Logic Gating in Networks
    of Integrate-and-Fire Neurons.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 25, no. 46,
    Society for Neuroscience, 2005, pp. 10786–95, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3508-05.2005">10.1523/jneurosci.3508-05.2005</a>.
  short: T.P. Vogels, L.F. Abbott, Journal of Neuroscience 25 (2005) 10786–10795.
date_created: 2020-06-25T13:12:33Z
date_published: 2005-11-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:16:37Z
day: '16'
doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.3508-05.2005
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '16291952'
intvolume: '        25'
issue: '46'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6725859/
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 10786-10795
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Neuroscience
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0270-6474
  - 1529-2401
publication_status: published
publisher: Society for Neuroscience
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Signal propagation and logic gating in networks of integrate-and-fire neurons
type: journal_article
user_id: D865714E-FA4E-11E9-B85B-F5C5E5697425
volume: 25
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '8029'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Neural network modeling is often concerned with stimulus-driven responses,
    but most of the activity in the brain is internally generated. Here, we review
    network models of internally generated activity, focusing on three types of network
    dynamics: (a) sustained responses to transient stimuli, which provide a model
    of working memory; (b) oscillatory network activity; and (c) chaotic activity,
    which models complex patterns of background spiking in cortical and other circuits.
    We also review propagation of stimulus-driven activity through spontaneously active
    networks. Exploring these aspects of neural network dynamics is critical for understanding
    how neural circuits produce cognitive function.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: review
author:
- first_name: Tim P
  full_name: Vogels, Tim P
  id: CB6FF8D2-008F-11EA-8E08-2637E6697425
  last_name: Vogels
  orcid: 0000-0003-3295-6181
- first_name: Kanaka
  full_name: Rajan, Kanaka
  last_name: Rajan
- first_name: L.F.
  full_name: Abbott, L.F.
  last_name: Abbott
citation:
  ama: Vogels TP, Rajan K, Abbott LF. Neural network dynamics. <i>Annual Review of
    Neuroscience</i>. 2005;28(1):357-376. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637">10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637</a>
  apa: Vogels, T. P., Rajan, K., &#38; Abbott, L. F. (2005). Neural network dynamics.
    <i>Annual Review of Neuroscience</i>. Annual Reviews. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637">https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637</a>
  chicago: Vogels, Tim P, Kanaka Rajan, and L.F. Abbott. “Neural Network Dynamics.”
    <i>Annual Review of Neuroscience</i>. Annual Reviews, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637">https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637</a>.
  ieee: T. P. Vogels, K. Rajan, and L. F. Abbott, “Neural network dynamics,” <i>Annual
    Review of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 28, no. 1. Annual Reviews, pp. 357–376, 2005.
  ista: Vogels TP, Rajan K, Abbott LF. 2005. Neural network dynamics. Annual Review
    of Neuroscience. 28(1), 357–376.
  mla: Vogels, Tim P., et al. “Neural Network Dynamics.” <i>Annual Review of Neuroscience</i>,
    vol. 28, no. 1, Annual Reviews, 2005, pp. 357–76, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637">10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637</a>.
  short: T.P. Vogels, K. Rajan, L.F. Abbott, Annual Review of Neuroscience 28 (2005)
    357–376.
date_created: 2020-06-25T13:13:11Z
date_published: 2005-07-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:16:37Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135637
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '16022600'
intvolume: '        28'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa_version: None
page: 357-376
pmid: 1
publication: Annual Review of Neuroscience
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0147-006X
  - 1545-4126
publication_status: published
publisher: Annual Reviews
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Neural network dynamics
type: journal_article
user_id: D865714E-FA4E-11E9-B85B-F5C5E5697425
volume: 28
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '843'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The impact of an amino acid replacement on the organism's fitness can vary
    from lethal to selectively neutral and even, in rare cases, beneficial. Substantial
    data are available on either pathogenic or acceptable replacements. However, the
    whole distribution of coefficients of selection against individual replacements
    is not known for any organism. To ascertain this distribution for human proteins,
    we combined data on pathogenic missense mutations, on human non-synonymous SNPs
    and on human-chimpanzee divergence of orthologous proteins. Fractions of amino
    acid replacements which reduce fitness by &gt;10-2, 10-2-10-4, 10-4-10-5 and &lt;10-5
    are 25, 49, 14 and 12%, respectively. On average, the strength of selection against
    a replacement is substantially higher when chemically dissimilar amino acids are
    involved, and the Grantham's index of a replacement explains 35% of variance in
    the average logarithm of selection coefficients associated with different replacements.
    Still, the impact of a replacement depends on its context within the protein more
    than on its own nature. Reciprocal replacements are often associated with rather
    different selection coefficients, in particular, replacements of non-polar amino
    acids with polar ones are typically much more deleterious than replacements in
    the opposite direction. However, differences between evolutionary fluxes of reciprocal
    replacements are only weakly correlated with the differences between the corresponding
    selection coefficients.
author:
- first_name: Lev
  full_name: Yampolsky, Lev Y
  last_name: Yampolsky
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Alexey
  full_name: Kondrashov, Alexey S
  last_name: Kondrashov
citation:
  ama: Yampolsky L, Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. Distribution of the strength of selection
    against amino acid replacements in human proteins. <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>.
    2005;14(21):3191-3201. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi350">10.1093/hmg/ddi350</a>
  apa: Yampolsky, L., Kondrashov, F., &#38; Kondrashov, A. (2005). Distribution of
    the strength of selection against amino acid replacements in human proteins. <i>Human
    Molecular Genetics</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi350">https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi350</a>
  chicago: Yampolsky, Lev, Fyodor Kondrashov, and Alexey Kondrashov. “Distribution
    of the Strength of Selection against Amino Acid Replacements in Human Proteins.”
    <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>. Oxford University Press, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi350">https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi350</a>.
  ieee: L. Yampolsky, F. Kondrashov, and A. Kondrashov, “Distribution of the strength
    of selection against amino acid replacements in human proteins,” <i>Human Molecular
    Genetics</i>, vol. 14, no. 21. Oxford University Press, pp. 3191–3201, 2005.
  ista: Yampolsky L, Kondrashov F, Kondrashov A. 2005. Distribution of the strength
    of selection against amino acid replacements in human proteins. Human Molecular
    Genetics. 14(21), 3191–3201.
  mla: Yampolsky, Lev, et al. “Distribution of the Strength of Selection against Amino
    Acid Replacements in Human Proteins.” <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>, vol. 14,
    no. 21, Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 3191–201, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi350">10.1093/hmg/ddi350</a>.
  short: L. Yampolsky, F. Kondrashov, A. Kondrashov, Human Molecular Genetics 14 (2005)
    3191–3201.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:48Z
date_published: 2005-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:13Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddi350
extern: 1
intvolume: '        14'
issue: '21'
month: '11'
page: 3191 - 3201
publication: Human Molecular Genetics
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
publist_id: '6807'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Distribution of the strength of selection against amino acid replacements in
  human proteins
type: journal_article
volume: 14
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '8491'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Fast multidimensional NMR with a time resolution of a few seconds provides
    a new tool for high throughput screening and site-resolved real-time studies of
    kinetic molecular processes by NMR. Recently we have demonstrated the feasibility
    to record protein 1H–15N correlation spectra in a few seconds of acquisition time
    using a new SOFAST-HMQC experiment (Schanda and Brutscher (2005) J. Am. Chem.
    Soc. 127, 8014). Here, we investigate in detail the performance of SOFAST-HMQC
    to record 1H–15N and 1H−13C correlation spectra of proteins of different size
    and at different magnetic field strengths. Compared to standard 1H–15N correlation
    experiments SOFAST-HMQC provides a significant gain in sensitivity, especially
    for fast repetition rates. Guidelines are provided on how to set up SOFAST-HMQC
    experiments for a given protein sample. In addition, an alternative pulse scheme,
    IPAP-SOFAST-HMQC is presented that allows application on NMR spectrometers equipped
    with cryogenic probes, and fast measurement of one-bond 1H–13C and 1H–15N scalar
    and residual dipolar coupling constants.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Schanda, Paul
  id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
  last_name: Schanda
  orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
- first_name: Ēriks
  full_name: Kupče, Ēriks
  last_name: Kupče
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard
  last_name: Brutscher
citation:
  ama: Schanda P, Kupče Ē, Brutscher B. SOFAST-HMQC experiments for recording two-dimensional
    deteronuclear correlation spectra of proteins within a few seconds. <i>Journal
    of Biomolecular NMR</i>. 2005;33(4):199-211. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10858-005-4425-x">10.1007/s10858-005-4425-x</a>
  apa: Schanda, P., Kupče, Ē., &#38; Brutscher, B. (2005). SOFAST-HMQC experiments
    for recording two-dimensional deteronuclear correlation spectra of proteins within
    a few seconds. <i>Journal of Biomolecular NMR</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10858-005-4425-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10858-005-4425-x</a>
  chicago: Schanda, Paul, Ēriks Kupče, and Bernhard Brutscher. “SOFAST-HMQC Experiments
    for Recording Two-Dimensional Deteronuclear Correlation Spectra of Proteins within
    a Few Seconds.” <i>Journal of Biomolecular NMR</i>. Springer Nature, 2005. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10858-005-4425-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10858-005-4425-x</a>.
  ieee: P. Schanda, Ē. Kupče, and B. Brutscher, “SOFAST-HMQC experiments for recording
    two-dimensional deteronuclear correlation spectra of proteins within a few seconds,”
    <i>Journal of Biomolecular NMR</i>, vol. 33, no. 4. Springer Nature, pp. 199–211,
    2005.
  ista: Schanda P, Kupče Ē, Brutscher B. 2005. SOFAST-HMQC experiments for recording
    two-dimensional deteronuclear correlation spectra of proteins within a few seconds.
    Journal of Biomolecular NMR. 33(4), 199–211.
  mla: Schanda, Paul, et al. “SOFAST-HMQC Experiments for Recording Two-Dimensional
    Deteronuclear Correlation Spectra of Proteins within a Few Seconds.” <i>Journal
    of Biomolecular NMR</i>, vol. 33, no. 4, Springer Nature, 2005, pp. 199–211, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10858-005-4425-x">10.1007/s10858-005-4425-x</a>.
  short: P. Schanda, Ē. Kupče, B. Brutscher, Journal of Biomolecular NMR 33 (2005)
    199–211.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:13:59Z
date_published: 2005-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:38Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/s10858-005-4425-x
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        33'
issue: '4'
keyword:
- Spectroscopy
- Biochemistry
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa_version: None
page: 199-211
publication: Journal of Biomolecular NMR
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0925-2738
  - 1573-5001
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: SOFAST-HMQC experiments for recording two-dimensional deteronuclear correlation
  spectra of proteins within a few seconds
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 33
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '8492'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We demonstrate for different protein samples that 2D 1H−15N correlation NMR
    spectra can be recorded in a few seconds of acquisition time using a new band-selective
    optimized flip-angle short-transient heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence
    experiment. This has enabled us to measure fast hydrogen−deuterium exchange rate
    constants along the backbone of a small globular protein fragment by real-time
    2D NMR.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Schanda, Paul
  id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425
  last_name: Schanda
  orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606
- first_name: Bernhard
  full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard
  last_name: Brutscher
citation:
  ama: Schanda P, Brutscher B. Very fast two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy for real-time
    investigation of dynamic events in proteins on the time scale of seconds. <i>Journal
    of the American Chemical Society</i>. 2005;127(22):8014-8015. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja051306e">10.1021/ja051306e</a>
  apa: Schanda, P., &#38; Brutscher, B. (2005). Very fast two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy
    for real-time investigation of dynamic events in proteins on the time scale of
    seconds. <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. American Chemical Society.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja051306e">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja051306e</a>
  chicago: Schanda, Paul, and Bernhard Brutscher. “Very Fast Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy
    for Real-Time Investigation of Dynamic Events in Proteins on the Time Scale of
    Seconds.” <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. American Chemical Society,
    2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja051306e">https://doi.org/10.1021/ja051306e</a>.
  ieee: P. Schanda and B. Brutscher, “Very fast two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy for
    real-time investigation of dynamic events in proteins on the time scale of seconds,”
    <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>, vol. 127, no. 22. American Chemical
    Society, pp. 8014–8015, 2005.
  ista: Schanda P, Brutscher B. 2005. Very fast two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy for
    real-time investigation of dynamic events in proteins on the time scale of seconds.
    Journal of the American Chemical Society. 127(22), 8014–8015.
  mla: Schanda, Paul, and Bernhard Brutscher. “Very Fast Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy
    for Real-Time Investigation of Dynamic Events in Proteins on the Time Scale of
    Seconds.” <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>, vol. 127, no. 22, American
    Chemical Society, 2005, pp. 8014–15, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ja051306e">10.1021/ja051306e</a>.
  short: P. Schanda, B. Brutscher, Journal of the American Chemical Society 127 (2005)
    8014–8015.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:14:05Z
date_published: 2005-05-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:39Z
day: '14'
doi: 10.1021/ja051306e
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       127'
issue: '22'
keyword:
- Colloid and Surface Chemistry
- Biochemistry
- General Chemistry
- Catalysis
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
page: 8014-8015
publication: Journal of the American Chemical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0002-7863
  - 1520-5126
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Very fast two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy for real-time investigation of dynamic
  events in proteins on the time scale of seconds
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 127
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '8516'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "The purpose of this paper is to construct examples of diffusion for E-Hamiltonian
    perturbations\r\nof completely integrable Hamiltonian systems in 2d-dimensional
    phase space, with d large.\r\nIn the first part of the paper, simple and explicit
    examples are constructed illustrating absence\r\nof ‘long-time’ stability for
    size E Hamiltonian perturbations of quasi-convex integrable systems\r\nalready
    when the dimension 2d of phase space becomes as large as log 1/E . We first produce\r\nthe
    example in Gevrey class and then a real analytic one, with some additional work.\r\nIn
    the second part, we consider again E-Hamiltonian perturbations of completely integrable\r\nHamiltonian
    system in 2d-dimensional space with E-small but not too small, |E| > exp(−d),
    with\r\nd the number of degrees of freedom assumed large. It is shown that for
    a class of analytic\r\ntime-periodic perturbations, there exist linearly diffusing
    trajectories. The underlying idea for\r\nboth examples is similar and consists
    in coupling a fixed degree of freedom with a large\r\nnumber of them. The procedure
    and analytical details are however significantly different. As\r\nmentioned, the
    construction in Part I is totally elementary while Part II is more involved, relying\r\nin
    particular on the theory of normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds, methods of
    generating\r\nfunctions, Aubry–Mather theory, and Mather’s variational methods."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jean
  full_name: Bourgain, Jean
  last_name: Bourgain
- first_name: Vadim
  full_name: Kaloshin, Vadim
  id: FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425
  last_name: Kaloshin
  orcid: 0000-0002-6051-2628
citation:
  ama: Bourgain J, Kaloshin V. On diffusion in high-dimensional Hamiltonian systems.
    <i>Journal of Functional Analysis</i>. 2005;229(1):1-61. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2004.09.006">10.1016/j.jfa.2004.09.006</a>
  apa: Bourgain, J., &#38; Kaloshin, V. (2005). On diffusion in high-dimensional Hamiltonian
    systems. <i>Journal of Functional Analysis</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2004.09.006">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2004.09.006</a>
  chicago: Bourgain, Jean, and Vadim Kaloshin. “On Diffusion in High-Dimensional Hamiltonian
    Systems.” <i>Journal of Functional Analysis</i>. Elsevier, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2004.09.006">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2004.09.006</a>.
  ieee: J. Bourgain and V. Kaloshin, “On diffusion in high-dimensional Hamiltonian
    systems,” <i>Journal of Functional Analysis</i>, vol. 229, no. 1. Elsevier, pp.
    1–61, 2005.
  ista: Bourgain J, Kaloshin V. 2005. On diffusion in high-dimensional Hamiltonian
    systems. Journal of Functional Analysis. 229(1), 1–61.
  mla: Bourgain, Jean, and Vadim Kaloshin. “On Diffusion in High-Dimensional Hamiltonian
    Systems.” <i>Journal of Functional Analysis</i>, vol. 229, no. 1, Elsevier, 2005,
    pp. 1–61, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2004.09.006">10.1016/j.jfa.2004.09.006</a>.
  short: J. Bourgain, V. Kaloshin, Journal of Functional Analysis 229 (2005) 1–61.
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:49:06Z
date_published: 2005-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:49Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2004.09.006
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       229'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Analysis
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa_version: None
page: 1-61
publication: Journal of Functional Analysis
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0022-1236
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: On diffusion in high-dimensional Hamiltonian systems
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 229
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '877'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Sequence analysis of protein and mitochondrially encoded tRNA genes shows
    that substitutions\r\nproducing pathogenic effects in humans are often found in
    normal, healthy individuals from other species.\r\nAnalysis of stability of protein
    and tRNA structures shows that the disease-causing effects of pathogenic\r\nmutations
    can be neutralized by other, compensatory substitutions that restore the structural
    stability of the\r\nmolecule. Further study of such substitutions will, hopefully,
    lead to new methods for curing genetic dis-\r\neases that may be based on the
    correction of molecule stability as a whole instead of reversing an individual\r\npathogenic
    mutation."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Kondrashov, Fyodor
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Kondrashov F. The analysis of monomer sequences in protein and tRNA and the
    manifestation of the compensation of pathogenic deviations in their evolution.
    <i>Biofizika</i>. 2005;50(3):389-395.
  apa: Kondrashov, F. (2005). The analysis of monomer sequences in protein and tRNA
    and the manifestation of the compensation of pathogenic deviations in their evolution.
    <i>Biofizika</i>. Pleiades Publishing.
  chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor. “The Analysis of Monomer Sequences in Protein and TRNA
    and the Manifestation of the Compensation of Pathogenic Deviations in Their Evolution.”
    <i>Biofizika</i>. Pleiades Publishing, 2005.
  ieee: F. Kondrashov, “The analysis of monomer sequences in protein and tRNA and
    the manifestation of the compensation of pathogenic deviations in their evolution,”
    <i>Biofizika</i>, vol. 50, no. 3. Pleiades Publishing, pp. 389–395, 2005.
  ista: Kondrashov F. 2005. The analysis of monomer sequences in protein and tRNA
    and the manifestation of the compensation of pathogenic deviations in their evolution.
    Biofizika. 50(3), 389–395.
  mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor. “The Analysis of Monomer Sequences in Protein and TRNA
    and the Manifestation of the Compensation of Pathogenic Deviations in Their Evolution.”
    <i>Biofizika</i>, vol. 50, no. 3, Pleiades Publishing, 2005, pp. 389–95.
  short: F. Kondrashov, Biofizika 50 (2005) 389–395.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:58Z
date_published: 2005-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:21:01Z
day: '01'
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '15977826'
intvolume: '        50'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: http://pleiades.online/abstract/biophys/5/biophys0349_abstract.pdf
month: '05'
oa_version: None
page: 389 - 395
pmid: 1
publication: Biofizika
publication_status: published
publisher: Pleiades Publishing
publist_id: '6769'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The analysis of monomer sequences in protein and tRNA and the manifestation
  of the compensation of pathogenic deviations in their evolution
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 50
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '878'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: |
    Negative trade-offs are thought to be a pervasive phenomenon and to inhibit evolution at all levels. New evidence shows that at the molecular level, there may be no trade-offs preventing the emergence of an enzyme with multiple functions.
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Kondrashov F. In search of the limits of evolution. <i>Nature Genetics</i>.
    2005;37(1):9-10. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0105-9">10.1038/ng0105-9</a>
  apa: Kondrashov, F. (2005). In search of the limits of evolution. <i>Nature Genetics</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0105-9">https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0105-9</a>
  chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor. “In Search of the Limits of Evolution.” <i>Nature Genetics</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0105-9">https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0105-9</a>.
  ieee: F. Kondrashov, “In search of the limits of evolution,” <i>Nature Genetics</i>,
    vol. 37, no. 1. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 9–10, 2005.
  ista: Kondrashov F. 2005. In search of the limits of evolution. Nature Genetics.
    37(1), 9–10.
  mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor. “In Search of the Limits of Evolution.” <i>Nature Genetics</i>,
    vol. 37, no. 1, Nature Publishing Group, 2005, pp. 9–10, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0105-9">10.1038/ng0105-9</a>.
  short: F. Kondrashov, Nature Genetics 37 (2005) 9–10.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:59Z
date_published: 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:21:02Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1038/ng0105-9
extern: 1
intvolume: '        37'
issue: '1'
month: '01'
page: 9 - 10
publication: Nature Genetics
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '6770'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: In search of the limits of evolution
type: journal_article
volume: 37
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '880'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Here, I describe a case of loss of the D-arm by mitochondrial cysteine tRNA
    in the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) convergent with mt tRNASer(AGY).
    Such evolution sheds light on the relationship between structure and function
    of tRNA molecules and its impact on the patterns of molecular evolution.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Kondrashov, Fyodor
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Kondrashov F. The convergent evolution of the secondary structure of mitochondrial
    cysteine tRNA in the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus. <i>Biofizika</i>.
    2005;50(3):396-403.
  apa: Kondrashov, F. (2005). The convergent evolution of the secondary structure
    of mitochondrial cysteine tRNA in the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus.
    <i>Biofizika</i>. Pleiades Publishing.
  chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor. “The Convergent Evolution of the Secondary Structure
    of Mitochondrial Cysteine TRNA in the Nine-Banded Armadillo Dasypus Novemcinctus.”
    <i>Biofizika</i>. Pleiades Publishing, 2005.
  ieee: F. Kondrashov, “The convergent evolution of the secondary structure of mitochondrial
    cysteine tRNA in the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus,” <i>Biofizika</i>,
    vol. 50, no. 3. Pleiades Publishing, pp. 396–403, 2005.
  ista: Kondrashov F. 2005. The convergent evolution of the secondary structure of
    mitochondrial cysteine tRNA in the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus.
    Biofizika. 50(3), 396–403.
  mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor. “The Convergent Evolution of the Secondary Structure of
    Mitochondrial Cysteine TRNA in the Nine-Banded Armadillo Dasypus Novemcinctus.”
    <i>Biofizika</i>, vol. 50, no. 3, Pleiades Publishing, 2005, pp. 396–403.
  short: F. Kondrashov, Biofizika 50 (2005) 396–403.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:59Z
date_published: 2005-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:21:07Z
day: '01'
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '15977827'
intvolume: '        50'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: http://pleiades.online/abstract/biophys/5/biophys0356_abstract.pdf
month: '05'
oa_version: None
page: 396 - 403
pmid: 1
publication: Biofizika
publication_status: published
publisher: Pleiades Publishing
publist_id: '6768'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: The convergent evolution of the secondary structure of mitochondrial cysteine
  tRNA in the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 50
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '882'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Some mutations in human mitochondrial tRNAs are severely pathogenic. The available
    computational methods have a poor record of predicting the impact of a tRNA mutation
    on the phenotype and fitness. Here patterns of evolution at tRNA sites that harbor
    pathogenic mutations and at sites that harbor phenotypically cryptic polymorphisms
    were compared. Mutations that are pathogenic to humans occupy more conservative
    sites, are only rarely fixed in closely related species, and, when located in
    stem structures, often disrupt Watson-Crick pairing and display signs of compensatory
    evolution. These observations make it possible to classify ∼90% of all known pathogenic
    mutations as deleterious together with only ∼30% of polymorphisms. These polymorphisms
    segregate at frequencies that are more than two times lower than frequencies of
    polymorphisms classified as benign, indicating that at least ∼30% of known polymorphisms
    in mitochondrial tRNAs affect fitness negatively.
acknowledgement: |
  The author thanks P. Andolfatto, D. Bachtrog, N. Esipova, S. Makeev, A. Kondrashov, V. Ramensky, V. Tumanyan and P. Vlasov for a critical reading of the manuscript. The author is an NSF Graduate Research Fellow. This work was supported by a Contract of the Russian Ministry of Science and Education (02.434.11.1008) and a grant on Molecular and Cellular Biology from RAS.
author:
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Kondrashov F. Prediction of pathogenic mutations in mitochondrially encoded
    human tRNAs. <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>. 2005;14(16):2415-2419. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi243">10.1093/hmg/ddi243</a>
  apa: Kondrashov, F. (2005). Prediction of pathogenic mutations in mitochondrially
    encoded human tRNAs. <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>. Oxford University Press.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi243">https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi243</a>
  chicago: Kondrashov, Fyodor. “Prediction of Pathogenic Mutations in Mitochondrially
    Encoded Human TRNAs.” <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>. Oxford University Press,
    2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi243">https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi243</a>.
  ieee: F. Kondrashov, “Prediction of pathogenic mutations in mitochondrially encoded
    human tRNAs,” <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>, vol. 14, no. 16. Oxford University
    Press, pp. 2415–2419, 2005.
  ista: Kondrashov F. 2005. Prediction of pathogenic mutations in mitochondrially
    encoded human tRNAs. Human Molecular Genetics. 14(16), 2415–2419.
  mla: Kondrashov, Fyodor. “Prediction of Pathogenic Mutations in Mitochondrially
    Encoded Human TRNAs.” <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>, vol. 14, no. 16, Oxford
    University Press, 2005, pp. 2415–19, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi243">10.1093/hmg/ddi243</a>.
  short: F. Kondrashov, Human Molecular Genetics 14 (2005) 2415–2419.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:00Z
date_published: 2005-08-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:21:10Z
day: '15'
doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddi243
extern: 1
intvolume: '        14'
issue: '16'
month: '08'
page: 2415 - 2419
publication: Human Molecular Genetics
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
publist_id: '6767'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Prediction of pathogenic mutations in mitochondrially encoded human tRNAs
type: journal_article
volume: 14
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '893'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Amino acid composition of proteins varies substantially between taxa and,
    thus, can evolve. For example, proteins from organisms with (G+C)-rich (or (A+T)-rich)
    genomes contain more (or fewer) amino acids encoded by (G+C)-rich codons. However,
    no universal trends in ongoing changes of amino acid frequencies have been reported.
    We compared sets of orthologous proteins encoded by triplets of closely related
    genomes from 15 taxa representing all three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea
    and Eukaryota), and used phylogenies to polarize amino acid substitutions. Cys,
    Met, His, Ser and Phe accrue in at least 14 taxa, whereas Pro, Ala, Glu and Gly
    are consistently lost. The same nine amino acids are currently accrued or lost
    in human proteins, as shown by analysis of non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
    All amino acids with declining frequencies are thought to be among the first incorporated
    into the genetic code; conversely, all amino acids with increasing frequencies,
    except Ser, were probably recruited late. Thus, expansion of initially under-represented
    amino acids, which began over 3,400 million years ago, apparently continues to
    this day.
acknowledgement: S.S. and I.A.A. were supported by the Genome Canada Foundation.
author:
- first_name: Ingo
  full_name: Jordan, Ingo K
  last_name: Jordan
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Adzhubeǐ, Ivan A
  last_name: Adzhubeǐ
- first_name: Yuri
  full_name: Wolf, Yuri I
  last_name: Wolf
- first_name: Eugene
  full_name: Koonin, Eugene V
  last_name: Koonin
- first_name: Alexey
  full_name: Kondrashov, Alexey S
  last_name: Kondrashov
- first_name: Shamil
  full_name: Sunyaev, Shamil R
  last_name: Sunyaev
citation:
  ama: Jordan I, Kondrashov F, Adzhubeǐ I, et al. A universal trend of amino acid
    gain and loss in protein evolution. <i>Nature</i>. 2005;433(7026):633-638. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03306">10.1038/nature03306</a>
  apa: Jordan, I., Kondrashov, F., Adzhubeǐ, I., Wolf, Y., Koonin, E., Kondrashov,
    A., &#38; Sunyaev, S. (2005). A universal trend of amino acid gain and loss in
    protein evolution. <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03306">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03306</a>
  chicago: Jordan, Ingo, Fyodor Kondrashov, Ivan Adzhubeǐ, Yuri Wolf, Eugene Koonin,
    Alexey Kondrashov, and Shamil Sunyaev. “A Universal Trend of Amino Acid Gain and
    Loss in Protein Evolution.” <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03306">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03306</a>.
  ieee: I. Jordan <i>et al.</i>, “A universal trend of amino acid gain and loss in
    protein evolution,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 433, no. 7026. Nature Publishing Group,
    pp. 633–638, 2005.
  ista: Jordan I, Kondrashov F, Adzhubeǐ I, Wolf Y, Koonin E, Kondrashov A, Sunyaev
    S. 2005. A universal trend of amino acid gain and loss in protein evolution. Nature.
    433(7026), 633–638.
  mla: Jordan, Ingo, et al. “A Universal Trend of Amino Acid Gain and Loss in Protein
    Evolution.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 433, no. 7026, Nature Publishing Group, 2005,
    pp. 633–38, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03306">10.1038/nature03306</a>.
  short: I. Jordan, F. Kondrashov, I. Adzhubeǐ, Y. Wolf, E. Koonin, A. Kondrashov,
    S. Sunyaev, Nature 433 (2005) 633–638.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:03Z
date_published: 2005-02-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:21:23Z
day: '10'
doi: 10.1038/nature03306
extern: 1
intvolume: '       433'
issue: '7026'
month: '02'
page: 633 - 638
publication: Nature
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '6757'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: A universal trend of amino acid gain and loss in protein evolution
type: journal_article
volume: 433
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '9491'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Cytosine DNA methylation in vertebrates is widespread, but methylation in
    plants is found almost exclusively at transposable elements and repetitive DNA
    [1]. Within regions of methylation, methylcytosines are typically found in CG,
    CNG, and asymmetric contexts. CG sites are maintained by a plant homolog of mammalian
    Dnmt1 acting on hemi-methylated DNA after replication. Methylation of CNG and
    asymmetric sites appears to be maintained at each cell cycle by other mechanisms.
    We report a new type of DNA methylation in Arabidopsis, dense CG methylation clusters
    found at scattered sites throughout the genome. These clusters lack non-CG methylation
    and are preferentially found in genes, although they are relatively deficient
    toward the 5′ end. CG methylation clusters are present in lines derived from different
    accessions and in mutants that eliminate de novo methylation, indicating that
    CG methylation clusters are stably maintained at specific sites. Because 5-methylcytosine
    is mutagenic, the appearance of CG methylation clusters over evolutionary time
    predicts a genome-wide deficiency of CG dinucleotides and an excess of C(A/T)G
    trinucleotides within transcribed regions. This is exactly what we find, implying
    that CG methylation clusters have contributed profoundly to plant gene evolution.
    We suggest that CG methylation clusters silence cryptic promoters that arise sporadically
    within transcription units.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Robert K.
  full_name: Tran, Robert K.
  last_name: Tran
- first_name: Jorja G.
  full_name: Henikoff, Jorja G.
  last_name: Henikoff
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Zilberman, Daniel
  id: 6973db13-dd5f-11ea-814e-b3e5455e9ed1
  last_name: Zilberman
  orcid: 0000-0002-0123-8649
- first_name: Renata F.
  full_name: Ditt, Renata F.
  last_name: Ditt
- first_name: Steven E.
  full_name: Jacobsen, Steven E.
  last_name: Jacobsen
- first_name: Steven
  full_name: Henikoff, Steven
  last_name: Henikoff
citation:
  ama: Tran RK, Henikoff JG, Zilberman D, Ditt RF, Jacobsen SE, Henikoff S. DNA methylation
    profiling identifies CG methylation clusters in Arabidopsis genes. <i>Current
    Biology</i>. 2005;15(2):154-159. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008">10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008</a>
  apa: Tran, R. K., Henikoff, J. G., Zilberman, D., Ditt, R. F., Jacobsen, S. E.,
    &#38; Henikoff, S. (2005). DNA methylation profiling identifies CG methylation
    clusters in Arabidopsis genes. <i>Current Biology</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008</a>
  chicago: Tran, Robert K., Jorja G. Henikoff, Daniel Zilberman, Renata F. Ditt, Steven
    E. Jacobsen, and Steven Henikoff. “DNA Methylation Profiling Identifies CG Methylation
    Clusters in Arabidopsis Genes.” <i>Current Biology</i>. Elsevier, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008</a>.
  ieee: R. K. Tran, J. G. Henikoff, D. Zilberman, R. F. Ditt, S. E. Jacobsen, and
    S. Henikoff, “DNA methylation profiling identifies CG methylation clusters in
    Arabidopsis genes,” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 15, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 154–159,
    2005.
  ista: Tran RK, Henikoff JG, Zilberman D, Ditt RF, Jacobsen SE, Henikoff S. 2005.
    DNA methylation profiling identifies CG methylation clusters in Arabidopsis genes.
    Current Biology. 15(2), 154–159.
  mla: Tran, Robert K., et al. “DNA Methylation Profiling Identifies CG Methylation
    Clusters in Arabidopsis Genes.” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 15, no. 2, Elsevier,
    2005, pp. 154–59, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008">10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008</a>.
  short: R.K. Tran, J.G. Henikoff, D. Zilberman, R.F. Ditt, S.E. Jacobsen, S. Henikoff,
    Current Biology 15 (2005) 154–159.
date_created: 2021-06-07T10:24:30Z
date_published: 2005-01-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-12-14T09:12:26Z
day: '26'
department:
- _id: DaZi
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '15668172 '
intvolume: '        15'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 154-159
pmid: 1
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1879-0445
  issn:
  - 0960-9822
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: DNA methylation profiling identifies CG methylation clusters in Arabidopsis
  genes
type: journal_article
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
volume: 15
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '9514'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Background:\r\nDNA methylation occurs at preferred sites in eukaryotes. In
    Arabidopsis, DNA cytosine methylation is maintained by three subfamilies of methyltransferases
    with distinct substrate specificities and different modes of action. Targeting
    of cytosine methylation at selected loci has been found to sometimes involve histone
    H3 methylation and small interfering (si)RNAs. However, the relationship between
    different cytosine methylation pathways and their preferred targets is not known.\r\nResults:\r\nWe
    used a microarray-based profiling method to explore the involvement of Arabidopsis
    CMT3 and DRM DNA methyltransferases, a histone H3 lysine-9 methyltransferase (KYP)
    and an Argonaute-related siRNA silencing component (AGO4) in methylating target
    loci. We found that KYP targets are also CMT3 targets, suggesting that histone
    methylation maintains CNG methylation genome-wide. CMT3 and KYP targets show similar
    proximal distributions that correspond to the overall distribution of transposable
    elements of all types, whereas DRM targets are distributed more distally along
    the chromosome. We find an inverse relationship between element size and loss
    of methylation in ago4 and drm mutants.\r\nConclusion:\r\nWe conclude that the
    targets of both DNA methylation and histone H3K9 methylation pathways are transposable
    elements genome-wide, irrespective of element type and position. Our findings
    also suggest that RNA-directed DNA methylation is required to silence isolated
    elements that may be too small to be maintained in a silent state by a chromatin-based
    mechanism alone. Thus, parallel pathways would be needed to maintain silencing
    of transposable elements."
article_number: R90
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Robert K.
  full_name: Tran, Robert K.
  last_name: Tran
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Zilberman, Daniel
  id: 6973db13-dd5f-11ea-814e-b3e5455e9ed1
  last_name: Zilberman
  orcid: 0000-0002-0123-8649
- first_name: Cecilia
  full_name: de Bustos, Cecilia
  last_name: de Bustos
- first_name: Renata F.
  full_name: Ditt, Renata F.
  last_name: Ditt
- first_name: Jorja G.
  full_name: Henikoff, Jorja G.
  last_name: Henikoff
- first_name: Anders M.
  full_name: Lindroth, Anders M.
  last_name: Lindroth
- first_name: Jeffrey
  full_name: Delrow, Jeffrey
  last_name: Delrow
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Boyle, Tom
  last_name: Boyle
- first_name: Samson
  full_name: Kwong, Samson
  last_name: Kwong
- first_name: Terri D.
  full_name: Bryson, Terri D.
  last_name: Bryson
- first_name: Steven E.
  full_name: Jacobsen, Steven E.
  last_name: Jacobsen
- first_name: Steven
  full_name: Henikoff, Steven
  last_name: Henikoff
citation:
  ama: Tran RK, Zilberman D, de Bustos C, et al. Chromatin and siRNA pathways cooperate
    to maintain DNA methylation of small transposable elements in Arabidopsis. <i>Genome
    Biology</i>. 2005;6(11). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2005-6-11-r90">10.1186/gb-2005-6-11-r90</a>
  apa: Tran, R. K., Zilberman, D., de Bustos, C., Ditt, R. F., Henikoff, J. G., Lindroth,
    A. M., … Henikoff, S. (2005). Chromatin and siRNA pathways cooperate to maintain
    DNA methylation of small transposable elements in Arabidopsis. <i>Genome Biology</i>.
    Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2005-6-11-r90">https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2005-6-11-r90</a>
  chicago: Tran, Robert K., Daniel Zilberman, Cecilia de Bustos, Renata F. Ditt, Jorja
    G. Henikoff, Anders M. Lindroth, Jeffrey Delrow, et al. “Chromatin and SiRNA Pathways
    Cooperate to Maintain DNA Methylation of Small Transposable Elements in Arabidopsis.”
    <i>Genome Biology</i>. Springer Nature, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2005-6-11-r90">https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2005-6-11-r90</a>.
  ieee: R. K. Tran <i>et al.</i>, “Chromatin and siRNA pathways cooperate to maintain
    DNA methylation of small transposable elements in Arabidopsis,” <i>Genome Biology</i>,
    vol. 6, no. 11. Springer Nature, 2005.
  ista: Tran RK, Zilberman D, de Bustos C, Ditt RF, Henikoff JG, Lindroth AM, Delrow
    J, Boyle T, Kwong S, Bryson TD, Jacobsen SE, Henikoff S. 2005. Chromatin and siRNA
    pathways cooperate to maintain DNA methylation of small transposable elements
    in Arabidopsis. Genome Biology. 6(11), R90.
  mla: Tran, Robert K., et al. “Chromatin and SiRNA Pathways Cooperate to Maintain
    DNA Methylation of Small Transposable Elements in Arabidopsis.” <i>Genome Biology</i>,
    vol. 6, no. 11, R90, Springer Nature, 2005, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2005-6-11-r90">10.1186/gb-2005-6-11-r90</a>.
  short: R.K. Tran, D. Zilberman, C. de Bustos, R.F. Ditt, J.G. Henikoff, A.M. Lindroth,
    J. Delrow, T. Boyle, S. Kwong, T.D. Bryson, S.E. Jacobsen, S. Henikoff, Genome
    Biology 6 (2005).
date_created: 2021-06-07T13:12:41Z
date_published: 2005-10-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-12-14T09:09:41Z
day: '19'
department:
- _id: DaZi
doi: 10.1186/gb-2005-6-11-r90
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '16277745'
intvolume: '         6'
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2005-6-11-r90
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: Genome Biology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1465-6906
  issn:
  - 1474-760X
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Chromatin and siRNA pathways cooperate to maintain DNA methylation of small
  transposable elements in Arabidopsis
type: journal_article
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
volume: 6
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '9529'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Eukaryotic organisms have the remarkable ability to inherit states of gene
    activity without altering the underlying DNA sequence. This epigenetic inheritance
    can persist over thousands of years, providing an alternative to genetic mutations
    as a substrate for natural selection. Epigenetic inheritance might be propagated
    by differences in DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, and
    deposition of histone variants. Mounting evidence also indicates that small interfering
    RNA (siRNA)-mediated mechanisms play central roles in setting up and maintaining
    states of gene activity. Much of the epigenetic machinery of many organisms, including
    Arabidopsis, appears to be directed at silencing viruses and transposable elements,
    with epigenetic regulation of endogenous genes being mostly derived from such
    processes.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: review
author:
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Zilberman, Daniel
  id: 6973db13-dd5f-11ea-814e-b3e5455e9ed1
  last_name: Zilberman
  orcid: 0000-0002-0123-8649
- first_name: Steven
  full_name: Henikoff, Steven
  last_name: Henikoff
citation:
  ama: 'Zilberman D, Henikoff S. Epigenetic inheritance in Arabidopsis: Selective
    silence. <i>Current Opinion in Genetics and Development</i>. 2005;15(5):557-562.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2005.07.002">10.1016/j.gde.2005.07.002</a>'
  apa: 'Zilberman, D., &#38; Henikoff, S. (2005). Epigenetic inheritance in Arabidopsis:
    Selective silence. <i>Current Opinion in Genetics and Development</i>. Elsevier.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2005.07.002">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2005.07.002</a>'
  chicago: 'Zilberman, Daniel, and Steven Henikoff. “Epigenetic Inheritance in Arabidopsis:
    Selective Silence.” <i>Current Opinion in Genetics and Development</i>. Elsevier,
    2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2005.07.002">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2005.07.002</a>.'
  ieee: 'D. Zilberman and S. Henikoff, “Epigenetic inheritance in Arabidopsis: Selective
    silence,” <i>Current Opinion in Genetics and Development</i>, vol. 15, no. 5.
    Elsevier, pp. 557–562, 2005.'
  ista: 'Zilberman D, Henikoff S. 2005. Epigenetic inheritance in Arabidopsis: Selective
    silence. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development. 15(5), 557–562.'
  mla: 'Zilberman, Daniel, and Steven Henikoff. “Epigenetic Inheritance in Arabidopsis:
    Selective Silence.” <i>Current Opinion in Genetics and Development</i>, vol. 15,
    no. 5, Elsevier, 2005, pp. 557–62, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2005.07.002">10.1016/j.gde.2005.07.002</a>.'
  short: D. Zilberman, S. Henikoff, Current Opinion in Genetics and Development 15
    (2005) 557–562.
date_created: 2021-06-08T09:05:56Z
date_published: 2005-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-12-14T09:13:13Z
department:
- _id: DaZi
doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2005.07.002
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '16085410'
intvolume: '        15'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 557-562
pmid: 1
publication: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0959-437X
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Epigenetic inheritance in Arabidopsis: Selective silence'
type: journal_article
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
volume: 15
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '4624'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Surveying results from [5] and [6], we motivate and introduce the theory behind
    formalizing rich interfaces for software and hardware components. Rich interfaces
    specify the protocol aspects of component interaction. Their formalization, called
    interface automata, permits a compiler to check the compatibility of component
    interaction protocols. Interface automata support incremental design and independent
    implementability. Incremental design means that the compatibility checking of
    interfaces can proceed for partial system descriptions, without knowing the interfaces
    of all components. Independent implementability means that compatible interfaces
    can be refined separately, while still maintaining compatibility.
alternative_title:
- 'NATO Science Series: Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry'
author:
- first_name: Luca
  full_name: de Alfaro, Luca
  last_name: De Alfaro
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Thomas Henzinger
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
citation:
  ama: 'De Alfaro L, Henzinger TA. Interface-based design. In: Vol 195. Springer;
    2005:83-104. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3532-2_3">10.1007/1-4020-3532-2_3</a>'
  apa: De Alfaro, L., &#38; Henzinger, T. A. (2005). Interface-based design (Vol.
    195, pp. 83–104). Presented at the Engineering Theories of Software Intensive
    Systems, Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3532-2_3">https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3532-2_3</a>
  chicago: De Alfaro, Luca, and Thomas A Henzinger. “Interface-Based Design,” 195:83–104.
    Springer, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3532-2_3">https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3532-2_3</a>.
  ieee: L. De Alfaro and T. A. Henzinger, “Interface-based design,” presented at the
    Engineering Theories of Software Intensive Systems, 2005, vol. 195, pp. 83–104.
  ista: 'De Alfaro L, Henzinger TA. 2005. Interface-based design. Engineering Theories
    of Software Intensive Systems, NATO Science Series: Mathematics, Physics, and
    Chemistry, vol. 195, 83–104.'
  mla: De Alfaro, Luca, and Thomas A. Henzinger. <i>Interface-Based Design</i>. Vol.
    195, Springer, 2005, pp. 83–104, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3532-2_3">10.1007/1-4020-3532-2_3</a>.
  short: L. De Alfaro, T.A. Henzinger, in:, Springer, 2005, pp. 83–104.
conference:
  name: Engineering Theories of Software Intensive Systems
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:49Z
date_published: 2005-07-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:00:36Z
day: '15'
doi: 10.1007/1-4020-3532-2_3
extern: 1
intvolume: '       195'
month: '07'
page: 83 - 104
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '85'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Interface-based design
type: conference
volume: 195
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '4625'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: |-
    Temporal logic is two-valued: formulas are interpreted as either true or false. When applied to the analysis of stochastic systems, or systems with imprecise formal models, temporal logic is therefore fragile: even small changes in the model can lead to opposite truth values for a specification. We present a generalization of the branching-time logic CTL which achieves robustness with respect to model perturbations by giving a quantitative interpretation to predicates and logical operators, and by discounting the importance of events according to how late they occur. In every state, the value of a formula is a real number in the interval [0,1], where 1 corresponds to truth and 0 to falsehood. The boolean operators and and or are replaced by min and max, the path quantifiers ∃ and ∀ determine sup and inf over all paths from a given state, and the temporal operators ⋄ and □ specify sup and inf over a given path; a new operator averages all values along a path. Furthermore, all path operators are discounted by a parameter that can be chosen to give more weight to states that are closer to the beginning of the path.

    We interpret the resulting logic DCTL over transition systems, Markov chains, and Markov decision processes. We present two semantics for DCTL: a path semantics, inspired by the standard interpretation of state and path formulas in CTL, and a fixpoint semantics, inspired by the μ-calculus evaluation of CTL formulas. We show that, while these semantics coincide for CTL, they differ for DCTL, and we provide model-checking algorithms for both semantics.
author:
- first_name: Luca
  full_name: de Alfaro, Luca
  last_name: De Alfaro
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Faella, Marco
  last_name: Faella
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Thomas Henzinger
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Ritankar
  full_name: Majumdar, Ritankar S
  last_name: Majumdar
- first_name: Mariëlle
  full_name: Stoelinga, Mariëlle
  last_name: Stoelinga
citation:
  ama: De Alfaro L, Faella M, Henzinger TA, Majumdar R, Stoelinga M. Model checking
    discounted temporal properties. <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>. 2005;345(1):139-170.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2005.07.033">10.1016/j.tcs.2005.07.033</a>
  apa: De Alfaro, L., Faella, M., Henzinger, T. A., Majumdar, R., &#38; Stoelinga,
    M. (2005). Model checking discounted temporal properties. <i>Theoretical Computer
    Science</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2005.07.033">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2005.07.033</a>
  chicago: De Alfaro, Luca, Marco Faella, Thomas A Henzinger, Ritankar Majumdar, and
    Mariëlle Stoelinga. “Model Checking Discounted Temporal Properties.” <i>Theoretical
    Computer Science</i>. Elsevier, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2005.07.033">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2005.07.033</a>.
  ieee: L. De Alfaro, M. Faella, T. A. Henzinger, R. Majumdar, and M. Stoelinga, “Model
    checking discounted temporal properties,” <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>,
    vol. 345, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 139–170, 2005.
  ista: De Alfaro L, Faella M, Henzinger TA, Majumdar R, Stoelinga M. 2005. Model
    checking discounted temporal properties. Theoretical Computer Science. 345(1),
    139–170.
  mla: De Alfaro, Luca, et al. “Model Checking Discounted Temporal Properties.” <i>Theoretical
    Computer Science</i>, vol. 345, no. 1, Elsevier, 2005, pp. 139–70, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2005.07.033">10.1016/j.tcs.2005.07.033</a>.
  short: L. De Alfaro, M. Faella, T.A. Henzinger, R. Majumdar, M. Stoelinga, Theoretical
    Computer Science 345 (2005) 139–170.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:49Z
date_published: 2005-11-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:00:37Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1016/j.tcs.2005.07.033
extern: 1
intvolume: '       345'
issue: '1'
month: '11'
page: 139 - 170
publication: Theoretical Computer Science
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '80'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Model checking discounted temporal properties
type: journal_article
volume: 345
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '575'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We present the first demonstration of Jozsa's &quot;counterfactual computation&quot;,
    using an optical Grover's search algorithm. We put the algorithm in a superposition
    of 'running' and 'not-running', obtaining information even though the algorithm
    does not run.
alternative_title:
- QELS
author:
- first_name: Onur
  full_name: Onur Hosten
  id: 4C02D85E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hosten
  orcid: 0000-0002-2031-204X
- first_name: Matthew
  full_name: Rakher, Matthew T
  last_name: Rakher
- first_name: Julio
  full_name: Barreiro, Julio T
  last_name: Barreiro
- first_name: Nicholas
  full_name: Peters, Nicholas A
  last_name: Peters
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Kwiat, Paul G
  last_name: Kwiat
citation:
  ama: 'Hosten O, Rakher M, Barreiro J, Peters N, Kwiat P. Counterfactual quantum
    computation. In: Vol 1. IEEE; 2005:365-367. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/ 10.1109/QELS.2005.1548783">
    10.1109/QELS.2005.1548783</a>'
  apa: 'Hosten, O., Rakher, M., Barreiro, J., Peters, N., &#38; Kwiat, P. (2005).
    Counterfactual quantum computation (Vol. 1, pp. 365–367). Presented at the QELS:
    Quantum Electronics and Laser Science, IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/ 10.1109/QELS.2005.1548783">https://doi.org/
    10.1109/QELS.2005.1548783</a>'
  chicago: Hosten, Onur, Matthew Rakher, Julio Barreiro, Nicholas Peters, and Paul
    Kwiat. “Counterfactual Quantum Computation,” 1:365–67. IEEE, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/
    10.1109/QELS.2005.1548783">https://doi.org/ 10.1109/QELS.2005.1548783</a>.
  ieee: 'O. Hosten, M. Rakher, J. Barreiro, N. Peters, and P. Kwiat, “Counterfactual
    quantum computation,” presented at the QELS: Quantum Electronics and Laser Science,
    2005, vol. 1, pp. 365–367.'
  ista: 'Hosten O, Rakher M, Barreiro J, Peters N, Kwiat P. 2005. Counterfactual quantum
    computation. QELS: Quantum Electronics and Laser Science, QELS, vol. 1, 365–367.'
  mla: Hosten, Onur, et al. <i>Counterfactual Quantum Computation</i>. Vol. 1, IEEE,
    2005, pp. 365–67, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/ 10.1109/QELS.2005.1548783"> 10.1109/QELS.2005.1548783</a>.
  short: O. Hosten, M. Rakher, J. Barreiro, N. Peters, P. Kwiat, in:, IEEE, 2005,
    pp. 365–367.
conference:
  name: 'QELS: Quantum Electronics and Laser Science'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:47:16Z
date_published: 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:03:18Z
day: '01'
doi: ' 10.1109/QELS.2005.1548783'
extern: 1
intvolume: '         1'
month: '01'
page: 365 - 367
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
publist_id: '7237'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Counterfactual quantum computation
type: conference
volume: 1
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '6153'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A current challenge in neuroscience is to bridge the gaps between genes, proteins,
    neurons, neural circuits, and behavior in a single animal model. The nematode
    Caenorhabditis elegans has unique features that facilitate this synthesis. Its
    nervous system includes exactly 302 neurons, and their pattern of synaptic connectivity
    is known. With only five olfactory neurons, C. elegans can dynamically respond
    to dozens of attractive and repellant odors. Thermosensory neurons enable the
    nematode to remember its cultivation temperature and to track narrow isotherms.
    Polymodal sensory neurons detect a wide range of nociceptive cues and signal robust
    escape responses. Pairing of sensory stimuli leads to long-lived changes in behavior
    consistent with associative learning. Worms exhibit social behaviors and complex
    ultradian rhythms driven by Ca2+ oscillators with clock-like properties. Genetic
    analysis has identified gene products required for nervous system function and
    elucidated the molecular and neural bases of behaviors.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Mario
  full_name: de Bono, Mario
  id: 4E3FF80E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: de Bono
  orcid: 0000-0001-8347-0443
- first_name: Andres
  full_name: Villu Maricq, Andres
  last_name: Villu Maricq
citation:
  ama: de Bono M, Villu Maricq A. Neuronal substrates of complex behaviors in C. elegans.
    <i>Annual Review of Neuroscience</i>. 2005;28:451-501. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144259">10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144259</a>
  apa: de Bono, M., &#38; Villu Maricq, A. (2005). Neuronal substrates of complex
    behaviors in C. elegans. <i>Annual Review of Neuroscience</i>. Annual Reviews.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144259">https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144259</a>
  chicago: Bono, Mario de, and Andres Villu Maricq. “Neuronal Substrates of Complex
    Behaviors in C. Elegans.” <i>Annual Review of Neuroscience</i>. Annual Reviews,
    2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144259">https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144259</a>.
  ieee: M. de Bono and A. Villu Maricq, “Neuronal substrates of complex behaviors
    in C. elegans,” <i>Annual Review of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 28. Annual Reviews,
    pp. 451–501, 2005.
  ista: de Bono M, Villu Maricq A. 2005. Neuronal substrates of complex behaviors
    in C. elegans. Annual Review of Neuroscience. 28, 451–501.
  mla: de Bono, Mario, and Andres Villu Maricq. “Neuronal Substrates of Complex Behaviors
    in C. Elegans.” <i>Annual Review of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 28, Annual Reviews,
    2005, pp. 451–501, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144259">10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144259</a>.
  short: M. de Bono, A. Villu Maricq, Annual Review of Neuroscience 28 (2005) 451–501.
date_created: 2019-03-21T09:31:29Z
date_published: 2005-07-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-07-01T06:45:21Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144259
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '16022603'
intvolume: '        28'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa_version: None
page: 451-501
pmid: 1
publication: Annual Review of Neuroscience
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1545-4126
  issn:
  - 0147-006X
publication_status: published
publisher: Annual Reviews
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Neuronal substrates of complex behaviors in C. elegans
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 28
year: '2005'
...
