---
_id: '11755'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Hyperlink analysis algorithms significantly improve the relevance of the search
    results on the Web, so much so that all major Web search engines claim to use
    some type of hyperlink analysis. However, the search engines do not disclose details
    about the type of hyperlink analysis they perform, mostly to avoid manipulation
    of search results by Web-positioning companies. The article discusses how hyperlink
    analysis can be applied to ranking algorithms, and surveys other ways Web search
    engines can use this analysis.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Monika H
  full_name: Henzinger, Monika H
  id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530
citation:
  ama: Henzinger M. Hyperlink analysis for the Web. <i>IEEE Internet Computing</i>.
    2001;5(1):45-50. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/4236.895141">10.1109/4236.895141</a>
  apa: Henzinger, M. (2001). Hyperlink analysis for the Web. <i>IEEE Internet Computing</i>.
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/4236.895141">https://doi.org/10.1109/4236.895141</a>
  chicago: Henzinger, Monika. “Hyperlink Analysis for the Web.” <i>IEEE Internet Computing</i>.
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/4236.895141">https://doi.org/10.1109/4236.895141</a>.
  ieee: M. Henzinger, “Hyperlink analysis for the Web,” <i>IEEE Internet Computing</i>,
    vol. 5, no. 1. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pp. 45–50, 2001.
  ista: Henzinger M. 2001. Hyperlink analysis for the Web. IEEE Internet Computing.
    5(1), 45–50.
  mla: Henzinger, Monika. “Hyperlink Analysis for the Web.” <i>IEEE Internet Computing</i>,
    vol. 5, no. 1, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2001, pp. 45–50,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/4236.895141">10.1109/4236.895141</a>.
  short: M. Henzinger, IEEE Internet Computing 5 (2001) 45–50.
date_created: 2022-08-08T10:51:43Z
date_published: 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-06T08:13:18Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1109/4236.895141
extern: '1'
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000744285600001'
intvolume: '         5'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 45-50
publication: IEEE Internet Computing
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1941-0131
  issn:
  - 1089-7801
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Hyperlink analysis for the Web
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 5
year: '2001'
...
---
_id: '11892'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "We present the first fully dynamic algorithm for maintaining a minimum spanning
    forest in time \U0001D45C(\U0001D45B√) per operation. To be precise, the algorithm
    uses O(n1/3 log n) amortized time per update operation. The algorithm is fairly
    simple and deterministic. An immediate consequence is the first fully dynamic
    deterministic algorithm for maintaining connectivity and bipartiteness in amortized
    time O(n1/3 log n) per update, with O(1) worst case time per query."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Monika H
  full_name: Henzinger, Monika H
  id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530
- first_name: Valerie
  full_name: King, Valerie
  last_name: King
citation:
  ama: Henzinger M, King V. Maintaining minimum spanning forests in dynamic graphs.
    <i>SIAM Journal on Computing</i>. 2001;31(2):364-374. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/s0097539797327209">10.1137/s0097539797327209</a>
  apa: Henzinger, M., &#38; King, V. (2001). Maintaining minimum spanning forests
    in dynamic graphs. <i>SIAM Journal on Computing</i>. Society for Industrial &#38;
    Applied Mathematics. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/s0097539797327209">https://doi.org/10.1137/s0097539797327209</a>
  chicago: Henzinger, Monika, and Valerie King. “Maintaining Minimum Spanning Forests
    in Dynamic Graphs.” <i>SIAM Journal on Computing</i>. Society for Industrial &#38;
    Applied Mathematics, 2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/s0097539797327209">https://doi.org/10.1137/s0097539797327209</a>.
  ieee: M. Henzinger and V. King, “Maintaining minimum spanning forests in dynamic
    graphs,” <i>SIAM Journal on Computing</i>, vol. 31, no. 2. Society for Industrial
    &#38; Applied Mathematics, pp. 364–374, 2001.
  ista: Henzinger M, King V. 2001. Maintaining minimum spanning forests in dynamic
    graphs. SIAM Journal on Computing. 31(2), 364–374.
  mla: Henzinger, Monika, and Valerie King. “Maintaining Minimum Spanning Forests
    in Dynamic Graphs.” <i>SIAM Journal on Computing</i>, vol. 31, no. 2, Society
    for Industrial &#38; Applied Mathematics, 2001, pp. 364–74, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/s0097539797327209">10.1137/s0097539797327209</a>.
  short: M. Henzinger, V. King, SIAM Journal on Computing 31 (2001) 364–374.
date_created: 2022-08-17T08:43:43Z
date_published: 2001-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-06T12:23:16Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1137/s0097539797327209
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        31'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 364-374
publication: SIAM Journal on Computing
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1095-7111
  issn:
  - 0097-5397
publication_status: published
publisher: Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Maintaining minimum spanning forests in dynamic graphs
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 31
year: '2001'
...
---
_id: '11914'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Previous studies of the Web graph structure have focused on the graph structure
    at the level of individual pages. In actuality the Web is a hierarchically nested
    graph, with domains, hosts and Web sites introducing intermediate levels of affiliation
    and administrative control. To better understand the growth of the Web we need
    to understand its macro-structure, in terms of the linkage between Web sites.
    We approximate this by studying the graph of the linkage between hosts on the
    Web. This was done based on snapshots of the Web taken by Google in Oct 1999,
    Aug 2000 and Jun 2001. The connectivity between hosts is represented by a directed
    graph, with hosts as nodes and weighted edges representing the count of hyperlinks
    between pages on the corresponding hosts. We demonstrate how such a "hostgraph"
    can be used to study connectivity properties of hosts and domains over time, and
    discuss a modified "copy model" to explain observed link weight distributions
    as a function of subgraph size. We discuss changes in the Web over time in the
    size and connectivity of Web sites and country domains. We also describe a data
    mining application of the hostgraph: a related host finding algorithm which achieves
    a precision of 0.65 at rank 3.'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: K.
  full_name: Bharat, K.
  last_name: Bharat
- first_name: Bay-Wei
  full_name: Chang, Bay-Wei
  last_name: Chang
- first_name: Monika H
  full_name: Henzinger, Monika H
  id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Ruhl, M.
  last_name: Ruhl
citation:
  ama: 'Bharat K, Chang B-W, Henzinger M, Ruhl M. Who links to whom: Mining linkage
    between Web sites. In: <i>1st IEEE International Conference on Data Mining</i>.
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; 2001:51-58. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDM.2001.989500">10.1109/ICDM.2001.989500</a>'
  apa: 'Bharat, K., Chang, B.-W., Henzinger, M., &#38; Ruhl, M. (2001). Who links
    to whom: Mining linkage between Web sites. In <i>1st IEEE International Conference
    on Data Mining</i> (pp. 51–58). San Jose, CA, United States: Institute of Electrical
    and Electronics Engineers. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDM.2001.989500">https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDM.2001.989500</a>'
  chicago: 'Bharat, K., Bay-Wei Chang, Monika Henzinger, and M. Ruhl. “Who Links to
    Whom: Mining Linkage between Web Sites.” In <i>1st IEEE International Conference
    on Data Mining</i>, 51–58. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
    2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDM.2001.989500">https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDM.2001.989500</a>.'
  ieee: 'K. Bharat, B.-W. Chang, M. Henzinger, and M. Ruhl, “Who links to whom: Mining
    linkage between Web sites,” in <i>1st IEEE International Conference on Data Mining</i>,
    San Jose, CA, United States, 2001, pp. 51–58.'
  ista: 'Bharat K, Chang B-W, Henzinger M, Ruhl M. 2001. Who links to whom: Mining
    linkage between Web sites. 1st IEEE International Conference on Data Mining. ICMD:
    International Conference on Data Mining, 51–58.'
  mla: 'Bharat, K., et al. “Who Links to Whom: Mining Linkage between Web Sites.”
    <i>1st IEEE International Conference on Data Mining</i>, Institute of Electrical
    and Electronics Engineers, 2001, pp. 51–58, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDM.2001.989500">10.1109/ICDM.2001.989500</a>.'
  short: K. Bharat, B.-W. Chang, M. Henzinger, M. Ruhl, in:, 1st IEEE International
    Conference on Data Mining, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
    2001, pp. 51–58.
conference:
  end_date: 2001-12-02
  location: San Jose, CA, United States
  name: 'ICMD: International Conference on Data Mining'
  start_date: 2001-11-29
date_created: 2022-08-18T07:12:46Z
date_published: 2001-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-06T12:25:37Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1109/ICDM.2001.989500
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa_version: None
page: 51-58
publication: 1st IEEE International Conference on Data Mining
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 0-7695-1119-8
  issn:
  - '15504786'
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Who links to whom: Mining linkage between Web sites'
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2001'
...
---
_id: '2709'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: László
  full_name: Erdös, László
  id: 4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Erdös
  orcid: 0000-0001-5366-9603
citation:
  ama: 'Erdös L. Long time dynamics of an electron in a weakly coupled phonon field.
    In: <i>13th International Congress of Mathematical Physics</i>.  International
    Press of Boston; 2001:273-281.'
  apa: Erdös, L. (2001). Long time dynamics of an electron in a weakly coupled phonon
    field. In <i>13th International Congress of Mathematical Physics</i> (pp. 273–281).  International
    Press of Boston.
  chicago: Erdös, László. “Long Time Dynamics of an Electron in a Weakly Coupled Phonon
    Field.” In <i>13th International Congress of Mathematical Physics</i>, 273–81.  International
    Press of Boston, 2001.
  ieee: L. Erdös, “Long time dynamics of an electron in a weakly coupled phonon field,”
    in <i>13th International Congress of Mathematical Physics</i>,  International
    Press of Boston, 2001, pp. 273–281.
  ista: 'Erdös L. 2001.Long time dynamics of an electron in a weakly coupled phonon
    field. In: 13th International Congress of Mathematical Physics. , 273–281.'
  mla: Erdös, László. “Long Time Dynamics of an Electron in a Weakly Coupled Phonon
    Field.” <i>13th International Congress of Mathematical Physics</i>,  International
    Press of Boston, 2001, pp. 273–81.
  short: L. Erdös, in:, 13th International Congress of Mathematical Physics,  International
    Press of Boston, 2001, pp. 273–281.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:11Z
date_published: 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-05-22T12:11:29Z
day: '01'
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 273 - 281
publication: 13th International Congress of Mathematical Physics
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9781571460851'
publication_status: published
publisher: ' International Press of Boston'
publist_id: '4187'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Long time dynamics of an electron in a weakly coupled phonon field
type: book_chapter
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
year: '2001'
...
---
_id: '2734'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In this paper we describe an intrinsically geometric way of producing magnetic
    fields on S3 and R3 for which the corresponding Dirac operators have a non-trivial
    kernel. In many cases we are able to compute the dimension of the kernel. In particular
    we can give examples where the kernel has any given dimension. This generalizes
    the examples of Loss and Yau [1].
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: László
  full_name: Erdös, László
  id: 4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Erdös
  orcid: 0000-0001-5366-9603
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Solovej, Jan
  last_name: Solovej
citation:
  ama: Erdös L, Solovej J. The kernel of Dirac operators on S3 and R3. <i>Reviews
    in Mathematical Physics</i>. 2001;13(10):1247-1280. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129055X01000983">10.1142/S0129055X01000983</a>
  apa: Erdös, L., &#38; Solovej, J. (2001). The kernel of Dirac operators on S3 and
    R3. <i>Reviews in Mathematical Physics</i>. World Scientific Publishing. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129055X01000983">https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129055X01000983</a>
  chicago: Erdös, László, and Jan Solovej. “The Kernel of Dirac Operators on S3 and
    R3.” <i>Reviews in Mathematical Physics</i>. World Scientific Publishing, 2001.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129055X01000983">https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129055X01000983</a>.
  ieee: L. Erdös and J. Solovej, “The kernel of Dirac operators on S3 and R3,” <i>Reviews
    in Mathematical Physics</i>, vol. 13, no. 10. World Scientific Publishing, pp.
    1247–1280, 2001.
  ista: Erdös L, Solovej J. 2001. The kernel of Dirac operators on S3 and R3. Reviews
    in Mathematical Physics. 13(10), 1247–1280.
  mla: Erdös, László, and Jan Solovej. “The Kernel of Dirac Operators on S3 and R3.”
    <i>Reviews in Mathematical Physics</i>, vol. 13, no. 10, World Scientific Publishing,
    2001, pp. 1247–80, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129055X01000983">10.1142/S0129055X01000983</a>.
  short: L. Erdös, J. Solovej, Reviews in Mathematical Physics 13 (2001) 1247–1280.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:19Z
date_published: 2001-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-05-16T12:24:25Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1142/S0129055X01000983
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - math-ph/0001036
intvolume: '        13'
issue: '10'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0001036
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1247 - 1280
publication: Reviews in Mathematical Physics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0129-055X
publication_status: published
publisher: World Scientific Publishing
publist_id: '4158'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The kernel of Dirac operators on S3 and R3
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 13
year: '2001'
...
---
_id: '2735'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We establish the exact low-energy asymptotics of the integrated density of
    states (Lifschitz tail) in a homogeneous magnetic field and Poissonian impurities
    with a repulsive single-site potential of Gaussian decay. It has been known that
    the Gaussian potential tail discriminates between the so-called “classical” and
    “quantum” regimes, and precise asymptotics are known in these cases. For the borderline
    case, the coexistence of the classical and quantum regimes was conjectured. Here
    we settle this last remaining open case to complete the full picture of the magnetic
    Lifschitz tails.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: László
  full_name: Erdös, László
  id: 4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Erdös
  orcid: 0000-0001-5366-9603
citation:
  ama: 'Erdös L. Lifschitz tail in a magnetic field: Coexistence of classical and
    quantum behavior in the borderline case. <i>Probability Theory and Related Fields</i>.
    2001;121(2):219-236. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00008803">10.1007/PL00008803</a>'
  apa: 'Erdös, L. (2001). Lifschitz tail in a magnetic field: Coexistence of classical
    and quantum behavior in the borderline case. <i>Probability Theory and Related
    Fields</i>. Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00008803">https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00008803</a>'
  chicago: 'Erdös, László. “Lifschitz Tail in a Magnetic Field: Coexistence of Classical
    and Quantum Behavior in the Borderline Case.” <i>Probability Theory and Related
    Fields</i>. Springer, 2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00008803">https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00008803</a>.'
  ieee: 'L. Erdös, “Lifschitz tail in a magnetic field: Coexistence of classical and
    quantum behavior in the borderline case,” <i>Probability Theory and Related Fields</i>,
    vol. 121, no. 2. Springer, pp. 219–236, 2001.'
  ista: 'Erdös L. 2001. Lifschitz tail in a magnetic field: Coexistence of classical
    and quantum behavior in the borderline case. Probability Theory and Related Fields.
    121(2), 219–236.'
  mla: 'Erdös, László. “Lifschitz Tail in a Magnetic Field: Coexistence of Classical
    and Quantum Behavior in the Borderline Case.” <i>Probability Theory and Related
    Fields</i>, vol. 121, no. 2, Springer, 2001, pp. 219–36, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00008803">10.1007/PL00008803</a>.'
  short: L. Erdös, Probability Theory and Related Fields 121 (2001) 219–236.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:19Z
date_published: 2001-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-05-16T12:20:42Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/PL00008803
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - math-ph/0003023
intvolume: '       121'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0003023
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 219 - 236
publication: Probability Theory and Related Fields
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0044-3719
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '4157'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Lifschitz tail in a magnetic field: Coexistence of classical and quantum behavior
  in the borderline case'
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 121
year: '2001'
...
---
_id: '2736'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We consider the time evolution of N bosonic particles interacting via a mean
    field Coulomb potential. Suppose the initial state is a product wavefunction.
    We show that at any finite time the correlation functions factorize in the limit
    N → ∞. Furthermore, the limiting one particle density matrix satisfies the nonlinear
    Hartree equation. The key ingredients are the uniqueness of the BBGKY hierarchy
    for the correlation functions and a new apriori estimate for the many-body Schrödinger
    equations.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: László
  full_name: Erdös, László
  id: 4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Erdös
  orcid: 0000-0001-5366-9603
- first_name: Horng
  full_name: Yau, Horng
  last_name: Yau
citation:
  ama: Erdös L, Yau H. Derivation of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation from a many
    body Coulomb system. <i>Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics</i>.
    2001;5(6):1169-1205. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0111042">10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0111042</a>
  apa: Erdös, L., &#38; Yau, H. (2001). Derivation of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
    from a many body Coulomb system. <i>Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics</i>.
    International Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0111042">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0111042</a>
  chicago: Erdös, László, and Horng Yau. “Derivation of the Nonlinear Schrödinger
    Equation from a Many Body Coulomb System.” <i>Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical
    Physics</i>. International Press, 2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0111042">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0111042</a>.
  ieee: L. Erdös and H. Yau, “Derivation of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation from
    a many body Coulomb system,” <i>Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics</i>,
    vol. 5, no. 6. International Press, pp. 1169–1205, 2001.
  ista: Erdös L, Yau H. 2001. Derivation of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation from
    a many body Coulomb system. Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics.
    5(6), 1169–1205.
  mla: Erdös, László, and Horng Yau. “Derivation of the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
    from a Many Body Coulomb System.” <i>Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical
    Physics</i>, vol. 5, no. 6, International Press, 2001, pp. 1169–205, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0111042">10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0111042</a>.
  short: L. Erdös, H. Yau, Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 5 (2001)
    1169–1205.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:20Z
date_published: 2001-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-05-16T12:12:41Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.48550/arXiv.math-ph/0111042
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - math-ph/0111042
intvolume: '         5'
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0111042
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1169 - 1205
publication: Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1095-0761
publication_status: published
publisher: International Press
publist_id: '4156'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Derivation of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation from a many body Coulomb system
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 5
year: '2001'
...
---
_id: '2981'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Plants contain a novel unique subfamily of Rho GTPases, vital components of
    cellular signalling networks. Here we report a general role for some members of
    this family in polarized plant growth processes. We show that Arabidopsis AtRop4
    and AtRop6 encode functional GTPases with similar intrinsic GTP hydrolysis rates.
    We localized AtRop proteins in root meristem cells to the cross-wall and cell
    plate membranes. Polar localization of AtRops in trichoblasts specifies the growth
    sites for emerging root hairs. These sites were visible before budding and elongation
    of the Arabidopsis root hair when AtRops accumulated at their tips. Expression
    of constitutively active AtRop4 and AtRop6 mutant proteins in root hairs of transgenic
    Arabidopsis plants abolished polarized growth and delocalized the tip-focused
    Ca2+ gradient. Polar localization of AtRops was inhibited by brefeldin A, but
    not by other drugs such as latrunculin B, cytochalasin D or caffeine. Our results
    demonstrate a general function of AtRop GTPases in tip growth and in polar diffuse
    growth.
acknowledgement: We thank Drs Frantisek Baluška, Matthias Godde, Peter Huijser, Lars
  Vahlkamp and Dieter Volkmann for help, criticism and constructive reading of the
  manuscript. We are grateful to Dr N.-H.Chua for providing us with pTA7002. The work
  was funded by the DFG, the European Communities Biotechnology Programme (Bio4-CT98
  0239) and the INCO Copernicus Programme (IC15-CT96-0920). C.S.V.R. is the recipient
  of an Alexander von Humboldt fellowship and J.F. of a DAAD fellowship.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Arthur
  full_name: Molendijk, Arthur
  last_name: Molendijk
- first_name: Friedrich
  full_name: Bischoff, Friedrich
  last_name: Bischoff
- first_name: Chadalavada
  full_name: Rajendrakumar, Chadalavada
  last_name: Rajendrakumar
- first_name: Jirí
  full_name: Friml, Jirí
  id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Friml
  orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Braun, Markus
  last_name: Braun
- first_name: Simon
  full_name: Gilroy, Simon
  last_name: Gilroy
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Palme, Klaus
  last_name: Palme
citation:
  ama: Molendijk A, Bischoff F, Rajendrakumar C, et al. Arabidopsis thaliana Rop GTPases
    are localized to tips of root hairs and control polar growth. <i>EMBO Journal</i>.
    2001;20(11):2779-2788. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.11.2779">10.1093/emboj/20.11.2779</a>
  apa: Molendijk, A., Bischoff, F., Rajendrakumar, C., Friml, J., Braun, M., Gilroy,
    S., &#38; Palme, K. (2001). Arabidopsis thaliana Rop GTPases are localized to
    tips of root hairs and control polar growth. <i>EMBO Journal</i>. Wiley-Blackwell.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.11.2779">https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.11.2779</a>
  chicago: Molendijk, Arthur, Friedrich Bischoff, Chadalavada Rajendrakumar, Jiří
    Friml, Markus Braun, Simon Gilroy, and Klaus Palme. “Arabidopsis Thaliana Rop
    GTPases Are Localized to Tips of Root Hairs and Control Polar Growth.” <i>EMBO
    Journal</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.11.2779">https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.11.2779</a>.
  ieee: A. Molendijk <i>et al.</i>, “Arabidopsis thaliana Rop GTPases are localized
    to tips of root hairs and control polar growth,” <i>EMBO Journal</i>, vol. 20,
    no. 11. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 2779–2788, 2001.
  ista: Molendijk A, Bischoff F, Rajendrakumar C, Friml J, Braun M, Gilroy S, Palme
    K. 2001. Arabidopsis thaliana Rop GTPases are localized to tips of root hairs
    and control polar growth. EMBO Journal. 20(11), 2779–2788.
  mla: Molendijk, Arthur, et al. “Arabidopsis Thaliana Rop GTPases Are Localized to
    Tips of Root Hairs and Control Polar Growth.” <i>EMBO Journal</i>, vol. 20, no.
    11, Wiley-Blackwell, 2001, pp. 2779–88, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.11.2779">10.1093/emboj/20.11.2779</a>.
  short: A. Molendijk, F. Bischoff, C. Rajendrakumar, J. Friml, M. Braun, S. Gilroy,
    K. Palme, EMBO Journal 20 (2001) 2779–2788.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:40Z
date_published: 2001-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-05-16T12:07:45Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/emboj/20.11.2779
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '11387211'
intvolume: '        20'
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC125484/
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 2779 - 2788
pmid: 1
publication: EMBO Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0261-4189
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '3721'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Arabidopsis thaliana Rop GTPases are localized to tips of root hairs and control
  polar growth
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 20
year: '2001'
...
---
_id: '2982'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Polar auxin transport is crucial for the regulation of auxin action and required
    for some light-regulated responses during plant development. We have found that
    two mutants of Arabidopsis - doc1, which displays altered expression of light-regulated
    genes, and tir3, known for its reduced auxin transport - have similar defects
    and define mutations in a single gene that we have renamed BIG. BIG is very similar
    to the Drosophila gene Calossin/Pushover, a member of a gene family also present
    in Caenorhabditis elegans and human genomes. The protein encoded by BIG is extraordinary
    in size, 560 kD, and contains several putative Zn-finger domains. Expression-profiling
    experiments indicate that altered expression of multiple light-regulated genes
    in doc1 mutants can be suppressed by elevated levels of auxin caused by overexpression
    of an auxin biosynthetic gene, suggesting that normal auxin distribution is required
    to maintain low-level expression of these genes in the dark. Double mutants of
    tir3 with the auxin mutants pin1, pid, and axr1 display severe defects in auxin-dependent
    growth of the inflorescence. Chemical inhibitors of auxin transport change the
    intracellular localization of the auxin efflux carrier PIN1 in doc1/tir3 mutants,
    supporting the idea that BIG is required for normal auxin efflux.
acknowledgement: "We thank Kim Hanson and Melissa McCarthy for technical support,
  and Adan Colon-Carmona, Jianming Li, and Karin Schumacher for their help in generating
  and identifying the doc1-3 T-DNA line. Seeds of ap3-1 and a cosmid library were
  supplied by the ABRC stock center. Jennifer Nemhauser made useful comments concerning
  this manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the Department of Energy
  (DE-FG03-89ER13993) and the National Science Foundation (MCB96-31390) to J.C., by
  grants from the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-98ER20313) and the National Institutes
  of Health (GM43644) to M.E., by a grant from DAAD to J.F., by a grant from DFG to
  K.P., and by a Marsden grant of New Zealand to J.P. and K.S. J.C. is an Associate
  Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), and Y.Z. is a HHMI fellow
  of the Life Sciences Research Foundation.\r\n\r\nThe publication costs of this article
  were defrayed in part by payment of page charges. This article must therefore be
  hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 USC section 1734 solely to indicate
  this fact."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Pedro
  full_name: Gil, Pedro
  last_name: Gil
- first_name: Elizabeth
  full_name: Dewey, Elizabeth
  last_name: Dewey
- first_name: Jirí
  full_name: Friml, Jirí
  id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Friml
  orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
- first_name: Yunde
  full_name: Zhao, Yunde
  last_name: Zhao
- first_name: Kimberley
  full_name: Snowden, Kimberley
  last_name: Snowden
- first_name: Jo
  full_name: Putterill, Jo
  last_name: Putterill
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Palme, Klaus
  last_name: Palme
- first_name: Mark
  full_name: Estelle, Mark
  last_name: Estelle
- first_name: Joanne
  full_name: Chory, Joanne
  last_name: Chory
citation:
  ama: 'Gil P, Dewey E, Friml J, et al. BIG: A calossin-like protein required for
    polar auxin transport in Arabidopsis. <i>Genes and Development</i>. 2001;15(15):1985-1997.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.905201">10.1101/gad.905201</a>'
  apa: 'Gil, P., Dewey, E., Friml, J., Zhao, Y., Snowden, K., Putterill, J., … Chory,
    J. (2001). BIG: A calossin-like protein required for polar auxin transport in
    Arabidopsis. <i>Genes and Development</i>. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.905201">https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.905201</a>'
  chicago: 'Gil, Pedro, Elizabeth Dewey, Jiří Friml, Yunde Zhao, Kimberley Snowden,
    Jo Putterill, Klaus Palme, Mark Estelle, and Joanne Chory. “BIG: A Calossin-like
    Protein Required for Polar Auxin Transport in Arabidopsis.” <i>Genes and Development</i>.
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.905201">https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.905201</a>.'
  ieee: 'P. Gil <i>et al.</i>, “BIG: A calossin-like protein required for polar auxin
    transport in Arabidopsis,” <i>Genes and Development</i>, vol. 15, no. 15. Cold
    Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, pp. 1985–1997, 2001.'
  ista: 'Gil P, Dewey E, Friml J, Zhao Y, Snowden K, Putterill J, Palme K, Estelle
    M, Chory J. 2001. BIG: A calossin-like protein required for polar auxin transport
    in Arabidopsis. Genes and Development. 15(15), 1985–1997.'
  mla: 'Gil, Pedro, et al. “BIG: A Calossin-like Protein Required for Polar Auxin
    Transport in Arabidopsis.” <i>Genes and Development</i>, vol. 15, no. 15, Cold
    Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2001, pp. 1985–97, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.905201">10.1101/gad.905201</a>.'
  short: P. Gil, E. Dewey, J. Friml, Y. Zhao, K. Snowden, J. Putterill, K. Palme,
    M. Estelle, J. Chory, Genes and Development 15 (2001) 1985–1997.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:41Z
date_published: 2001-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-05-16T11:59:47Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1101/gad.905201
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '11485992'
intvolume: '        15'
issue: '15'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC312751/
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1985 - 1997
pmid: 1
publication: Genes and Development
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0890-9369
publication_status: published
publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
publist_id: '3720'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'BIG: A calossin-like protein required for polar auxin transport in Arabidopsis'
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 15
year: '2001'
...
---
_id: '2983'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Polar transport of the phytohormone auxin mediates various processes in plant
    growth and development, such as apical dominance, tropisms, vascular patterning
    and axis formation. This view is based largely on the effects of polar auxin transport
    inhibitors. These compounds disrupt auxin efflux from the cell but their mode
    of action is unknown. It is thought that polar auxin flux is caused by the asymmetric
    distribution of efflux carriers acting at the plasma membrane. The polar localization
    of efflux carrier candidate PIN1 supports this model. Here we show that the seemingly
    static localization of PIN1 results from rapid actin-dependent cycling between
    the plasma membrane and endosomal compartments. Auxin transport inhibitors block
    PIN1 cycling and inhibit trafficking of membrane proteins that are unrelated to
    auxin transport. Our data suggest that PIN1 cycling is of central importance for
    auxin transport and that auxin transport inhibitors affect efflux by generally
    interfering with membrane-trafficking processes. In support of our conclusion,
    the vesicle-trafficking inhibitor brefeldin A mimics physiological effects of
    auxin transport inhibitors.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Niko
  full_name: Geldner, Niko
  last_name: Geldner
- first_name: Jirí
  full_name: Friml, Jirí
  id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Friml
  orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
- first_name: York
  full_name: Stierhof, York
  last_name: Stierhof
- first_name: Gerd
  full_name: Jürgens, Gerd
  last_name: Jürgens
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Palme, Klaus
  last_name: Palme
citation:
  ama: Geldner N, Friml J, Stierhof Y, Jürgens G, Palme K. Auxin transport inhibitors
    block PIN1 cycling and vesicle trafficking. <i>Nature</i>. 2001;413(6854):425-428.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/35096571">10.1038/35096571</a>
  apa: Geldner, N., Friml, J., Stierhof, Y., Jürgens, G., &#38; Palme, K. (2001).
    Auxin transport inhibitors block PIN1 cycling and vesicle trafficking. <i>Nature</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/35096571">https://doi.org/10.1038/35096571</a>
  chicago: Geldner, Niko, Jiří Friml, York Stierhof, Gerd Jürgens, and Klaus Palme.
    “Auxin Transport Inhibitors Block PIN1 Cycling and Vesicle Trafficking.” <i>Nature</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group, 2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/35096571">https://doi.org/10.1038/35096571</a>.
  ieee: N. Geldner, J. Friml, Y. Stierhof, G. Jürgens, and K. Palme, “Auxin transport
    inhibitors block PIN1 cycling and vesicle trafficking,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 413,
    no. 6854. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 425–428, 2001.
  ista: Geldner N, Friml J, Stierhof Y, Jürgens G, Palme K. 2001. Auxin transport
    inhibitors block PIN1 cycling and vesicle trafficking. Nature. 413(6854), 425–428.
  mla: Geldner, Niko, et al. “Auxin Transport Inhibitors Block PIN1 Cycling and Vesicle
    Trafficking.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 413, no. 6854, Nature Publishing Group, 2001,
    pp. 425–28, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/35096571">10.1038/35096571</a>.
  short: N. Geldner, J. Friml, Y. Stierhof, G. Jürgens, K. Palme, Nature 413 (2001)
    425–428.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:41Z
date_published: 2001-09-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-05-16T11:51:44Z
day: '27'
doi: 10.1038/35096571
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '11574889'
intvolume: '       413'
issue: '6854'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa_version: None
page: 425 - 428
pmid: 1
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0028-0836
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '3719'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Auxin transport inhibitors block PIN1 cycling and vesicle trafficking
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 413
year: '2001'
...
---
_id: '2984'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Auxins represent an important class of plant hormone that regulate plant development.
    Plants use specialized carrier proteins to transport the auxin indole-3-acetic
    acid (IAA) to target tissues. To date, efflux carrier-mediated polar auxin transport
    has been assumed to represent the sole mode of long distance IAA movement. Localization
    of the auxin permease AUX1 in the Arabidopsis root apex has revealed a novel phloem-based
    IAA transport pathway. AUX1, asymmetrically localized to the plasma membrane of
    root protophloem cells, is proposed to promote the acropetal, post-phloem movement
    of auxin to the root apex. MS analysis shows that IAA accumulation in aux1 mutant
    root apices is impaired, consistent with an AUX1 phloem unloading function. AUX1
    localization to columella and lateral root cap tissues of the Arabidopsis root
    apex reveals that the auxin permease regulates a second IAA transport pathway.
    Expression studies using an auxin-regulated reporter suggest that AUX1 is necessary
    for root gravitropism by facilitating basipetal auxin transport to distal elongation
    zone tissues.
acknowledgement: "We thank Ben Scheres and Marcus Grebe for critically reading the
  manuscript, Burkhard Schulz for providing advice about the HA epitope tag, and Denis
  Baker for valuable discussion. This work was funded by the BBSRC and European Commission
  grants to the LATIN and POPWOOD research consortia.\r\n\r\nThe publication costs
  of this article were defrayed in part by payment of page charges. This article must
  therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 USC section 1734
  solely to indicate this fact."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Ranjan
  full_name: Swarup, Ranjan
  last_name: Swarup
- first_name: Jirí
  full_name: Friml, Jirí
  id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Friml
  orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
- first_name: Alan
  full_name: Marchant, Alan
  last_name: Marchant
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Ljung, Karin
  last_name: Ljung
- first_name: Göran
  full_name: Sandberg, Göran
  last_name: Sandberg
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Palme, Klaus
  last_name: Palme
- first_name: Malcolm
  full_name: Bennett, Malcolm
  last_name: Bennett
citation:
  ama: Swarup R, Friml J, Marchant A, et al. Localization of the auxin permease AUX1
    suggests two functionally distinct hormone transport pathways operate in the Arabidopsis
    root apex. <i>Genes and Development</i>. 2001;15(20):2648-2653. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.210501">10.1101/gad.210501</a>
  apa: Swarup, R., Friml, J., Marchant, A., Ljung, K., Sandberg, G., Palme, K., &#38;
    Bennett, M. (2001). Localization of the auxin permease AUX1 suggests two functionally
    distinct hormone transport pathways operate in the Arabidopsis root apex. <i>Genes
    and Development</i>. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.210501">https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.210501</a>
  chicago: Swarup, Ranjan, Jiří Friml, Alan Marchant, Karin Ljung, Göran Sandberg,
    Klaus Palme, and Malcolm Bennett. “Localization of the Auxin Permease AUX1 Suggests
    Two Functionally Distinct Hormone Transport Pathways Operate in the Arabidopsis
    Root Apex.” <i>Genes and Development</i>. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,
    2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.210501">https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.210501</a>.
  ieee: R. Swarup <i>et al.</i>, “Localization of the auxin permease AUX1 suggests
    two functionally distinct hormone transport pathways operate in the Arabidopsis
    root apex,” <i>Genes and Development</i>, vol. 15, no. 20. Cold Spring Harbor
    Laboratory Press, pp. 2648–2653, 2001.
  ista: Swarup R, Friml J, Marchant A, Ljung K, Sandberg G, Palme K, Bennett M. 2001.
    Localization of the auxin permease AUX1 suggests two functionally distinct hormone
    transport pathways operate in the Arabidopsis root apex. Genes and Development.
    15(20), 2648–2653.
  mla: Swarup, Ranjan, et al. “Localization of the Auxin Permease AUX1 Suggests Two
    Functionally Distinct Hormone Transport Pathways Operate in the Arabidopsis Root
    Apex.” <i>Genes and Development</i>, vol. 15, no. 20, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Press, 2001, pp. 2648–53, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.210501">10.1101/gad.210501</a>.
  short: R. Swarup, J. Friml, A. Marchant, K. Ljung, G. Sandberg, K. Palme, M. Bennett,
    Genes and Development 15 (2001) 2648–2653.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:41Z
date_published: 2001-10-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-05-16T11:37:53Z
day: '15'
doi: 10.1101/gad.210501
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '11641271'
intvolume: '        15'
issue: '20'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC312818/
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 2648 - 2653
pmid: 1
publication: Genes and Development
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - Genes and Development
publication_status: published
publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
publist_id: '3718'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Localization of the auxin permease AUX1 suggests two functionally distinct
  hormone transport pathways operate in the Arabidopsis root apex
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 15
year: '2001'
...
---
_id: '2985'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The elimination voltammetry with linear scan (EVLS) was used to study adenine
    and cytosine reduction signals at the mercury electrode. In comparison with the
    linear scan voltammetry (which provides only one unresolved peak), two elimination
    functions provide good resolution of individual peaks and significant increase
    of sensitivity. The first elimination function eliminates the kinetic current
    (Ik) and conserves the diffusion current (Id). The second elimination function
    eliminates kinetic and charging currents (Ik and Ic) simultaneously and conserves
    the diffusion current (Id). Both functions give two well-resolved peaks of adenine
    and cytosine in a wide concentration range, while the linear sweep voltammetry
    gives badly resolved peaks due to hydrogen evolution. The best resolution of peaks
    is observed in acetate buffer at pH 3.8 and the detection limit for both substances
    is 500 nM. The concentration dependence of EVLS peak heights for one substance
    at the constant concentration of the other substance is linear. The peak potentials
    differ in these elimination functions. The difference in EVLS peak potentials
    gives the possibility to evaluate αna. Elimination voltammetry with linear scan
    contributes to the resolution of cathodic signals of purine and pyrimidine bases
    at very negative potentials near supporting electrolyte discharge. Copyright ©
    2001 Elsevier Science B.V.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Libuše
  full_name: Trnková, Libuše
  last_name: Trnková
- first_name: Jirí
  full_name: Friml, Jirí
  id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Friml
  orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
- first_name: Oldřich
  full_name: Dračka, Oldřich
  last_name: Dračka
citation:
  ama: Trnková L, Friml J, Dračka O. Elimination voltammetry of adenine and cytosine
    mixtures. <i>Bioelectrochemistry</i>. 2001;54(2):131-136. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5394(01)00119-0">10.1016/S1567-5394(01)00119-0</a>
  apa: Trnková, L., Friml, J., &#38; Dračka, O. (2001). Elimination voltammetry of
    adenine and cytosine mixtures. <i>Bioelectrochemistry</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5394(01)00119-0">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5394(01)00119-0</a>
  chicago: Trnková, Libuše, Jiří Friml, and Oldřich Dračka. “Elimination Voltammetry
    of Adenine and Cytosine Mixtures.” <i>Bioelectrochemistry</i>. Elsevier, 2001.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5394(01)00119-0">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5394(01)00119-0</a>.
  ieee: L. Trnková, J. Friml, and O. Dračka, “Elimination voltammetry of adenine and
    cytosine mixtures,” <i>Bioelectrochemistry</i>, vol. 54, no. 2. Elsevier, pp.
    131–136, 2001.
  ista: Trnková L, Friml J, Dračka O. 2001. Elimination voltammetry of adenine and
    cytosine mixtures. Bioelectrochemistry. 54(2), 131–136.
  mla: Trnková, Libuše, et al. “Elimination Voltammetry of Adenine and Cytosine Mixtures.”
    <i>Bioelectrochemistry</i>, vol. 54, no. 2, Elsevier, 2001, pp. 131–36, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5394(01)00119-0">10.1016/S1567-5394(01)00119-0</a>.
  short: L. Trnková, J. Friml, O. Dračka, Bioelectrochemistry 54 (2001) 131–136.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:42Z
date_published: 2001-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-05-15T14:48:44Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/S1567-5394(01)00119-0
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '11694393'
intvolume: '        54'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 131 - 136
pmid: 1
publication: Bioelectrochemistry
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 1567-5394
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '3717'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Elimination voltammetry of adenine and cytosine mixtures
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 54
year: '2001'
...
---
_id: '3169'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Several new algorithms for visual correspondence based on graph cuts [7, 14,
    17] have recently been developed. While these methods give very strong results
    in practice, they do not handle occlusions properly. Specifically, they treat
    the two input images asymmetrically, and they do not ensure that a pixel corresponds
    to at most one pixel in the other image. In this paper, we present a new method
    which properly addresses occlusions, while preserving the advantages of graph
    cut algorithms. We give experimental results for stereo as well as motion, which
    demonstrate that our method performs well both at detecting occlusions and computing
    disparities.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Vladimir
  full_name: Kolmogorov, Vladimir
  id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kolmogorov
- first_name: Ramin
  full_name: Zabih, Ramin
  last_name: Zabih
citation:
  ama: 'Kolmogorov V, Zabih R. Computing visual correspondence with occlusions using
    graph cuts. In: <i>Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Computer
    Vision</i>. Vol 2. IEEE; 2001:508-515. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2001.937668">10.1109/ICCV.2001.937668</a>'
  apa: 'Kolmogorov, V., &#38; Zabih, R. (2001). Computing visual correspondence with
    occlusions using graph cuts. In <i>Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference
    on Computer Vision</i> (Vol. 2, pp. 508–515). Vancouver, Canada: IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2001.937668">https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2001.937668</a>'
  chicago: Kolmogorov, Vladimir, and Ramin Zabih. “Computing Visual Correspondence
    with Occlusions Using Graph Cuts.” In <i>Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International
    Conference on Computer Vision</i>, 2:508–15. IEEE, 2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2001.937668">https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2001.937668</a>.
  ieee: V. Kolmogorov and R. Zabih, “Computing visual correspondence with occlusions
    using graph cuts,” in <i>Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference
    on Computer Vision</i>, Vancouver, Canada, 2001, vol. 2, pp. 508–515.
  ista: 'Kolmogorov V, Zabih R. 2001. Computing visual correspondence with occlusions
    using graph cuts. Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Computer
    Vision. ICCV: International Conference on Computer Vision vol. 2, 508–515.'
  mla: Kolmogorov, Vladimir, and Ramin Zabih. “Computing Visual Correspondence with
    Occlusions Using Graph Cuts.” <i>Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference
    on Computer Vision</i>, vol. 2, IEEE, 2001, pp. 508–15, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2001.937668">10.1109/ICCV.2001.937668</a>.
  short: V. Kolmogorov, R. Zabih, in:, Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference
    on Computer Vision, IEEE, 2001, pp. 508–515.
conference:
  end_date: 2001-07-14
  location: Vancouver, Canada
  name: 'ICCV: International Conference on Computer Vision'
  start_date: 2001-07-07
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:01:47Z
date_published: 2001-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-05-15T14:45:50Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2001.937668
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa_version: None
page: 508 - 515
publication: Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '0769511430'
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
publist_id: '3514'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Computing visual correspondence with occlusions using graph cuts
type: conference
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 2
year: '2001'
...
---
_id: '1452'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'In this Note we present pairs of hyperkähler orbifolds which satisfy two
    different versions of mirror symmetry. On the one hand, we show that their Hodge
    numbers (or more precisely, stringy E-polynomials) are equal. On the other hand,
    we show that they satisfy the prescription of Strominger, Yau, and Zaslow (which
    in the present case goes back to Bershadsky, Johansen, Sadov and Vafa): that a
    Calabi-Yau and its mirror should fiber over the same real manifold, with special
    Lagrangian fibers which are tori dual to each other. Our examples arise as moduli
    spaces of local systems on a curve with structure group SL(n); the mirror is the
    corresponding space with structure group PGL(n). The special Lagrangian tori come
    from an algebraically completely integrable Hamiltonian system: the Hitchin system.'
acknowledgement: The authors are grateful for Nigel Hitchin for suggesting the similarity
  between [4] and [12] in 1996 and for Pierre Deligne for numerous useful comments
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Tamas
  full_name: Hausel, Tamas
  id: 4A0666D8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hausel
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Thaddeus, Michael
  last_name: Thaddeus
citation:
  ama: 'Hausel T, Thaddeus M. Examples of mirror partners arising from integrable
    systems. <i>Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences - Series I: Mathematics</i>.
    2001;333(4):313-318. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0764-4442(01)02057-2">10.1016/S0764-4442(01)02057-2</a>'
  apa: 'Hausel, T., &#38; Thaddeus, M. (2001). Examples of mirror partners arising
    from integrable systems. <i>Comptes Rendus de l’Academie Des Sciences - Series
    I: Mathematics</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0764-4442(01)02057-2">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0764-4442(01)02057-2</a>'
  chicago: 'Hausel, Tamás, and Michael Thaddeus. “Examples of Mirror Partners Arising
    from Integrable Systems.” <i>Comptes Rendus de l’Academie Des Sciences - Series
    I: Mathematics</i>. Elsevier, 2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0764-4442(01)02057-2">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0764-4442(01)02057-2</a>.'
  ieee: 'T. Hausel and M. Thaddeus, “Examples of mirror partners arising from integrable
    systems,” <i>Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences - Series I: Mathematics</i>,
    vol. 333, no. 4. Elsevier, pp. 313–318, 2001.'
  ista: 'Hausel T, Thaddeus M. 2001. Examples of mirror partners arising from integrable
    systems. Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences - Series I: Mathematics. 333(4),
    313–318.'
  mla: 'Hausel, Tamás, and Michael Thaddeus. “Examples of Mirror Partners Arising
    from Integrable Systems.” <i>Comptes Rendus de l’Academie Des Sciences - Series
    I: Mathematics</i>, vol. 333, no. 4, Elsevier, 2001, pp. 313–18, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0764-4442(01)02057-2">10.1016/S0764-4442(01)02057-2</a>.'
  short: 'T. Hausel, M. Thaddeus, Comptes Rendus de l’Academie Des Sciences - Series
    I: Mathematics 333 (2001) 313–318.'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:52:06Z
date_published: 2001-08-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-05-31T09:57:48Z
day: '15'
doi: 10.1016/S0764-4442(01)02057-2
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - math/0106140
intvolume: '       333'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/math/0106140
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 313 - 318
publication: 'Comptes Rendus de l''Academie des Sciences - Series I: Mathematics'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0764-4442
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '5742'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Examples of mirror partners arising from integrable systems
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 333
year: '2001'
...
---
_id: '1453'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In this Letter we exhibit a one-parameter family of new Taub-NUT instantons
    parameterized by a half-line. The endpoint of the half-line will be the reducible
    Yang-Mills instanton corresponding to the Eguchi-Hanson-Gibbons L2 harmonic 2-form,
    while at an inner point we recover the Pope-Yuille instanton constructed as a
    projection of the Levi-Civitá connection onto the positive su(2)+ ⊂ so(4) subalgebra.
    Our method imitates the Jackiw-Nohl-Rebbi construction originally designed for
    flat R4. That is we find a one-parameter family of harmonic functions on the Taub-NUT
    space with a point singularity, rescale the metric and project the obtained Levi-Civitá
    connection onto the other negative su(2)- ⊂ so(4) part. Our solutions will possess
    the full U(2) symmetry, and thus provide more solutions to the recently proposed
    U(2) symmetric ansatz of Kim and Yoon.
acknowledgement: We would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the
  Miller Institute of Basic Research in Science, the Japan Society for the Promotion
  of Science, grant No. P99736 and the partial support by OTKA grant No. T032478.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Gábor
  full_name: Etesi, Gábor
  last_name: Etesi
- first_name: Tamas
  full_name: Hausel, Tamas
  id: 4A0666D8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hausel
citation:
  ama: 'Etesi G, Hausel T. Geometric construction of new Yang-Mills instantons over
    Taub-NUT space. <i>Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and
    High-Energy Physics</i>. 2001;514(1-2):189-199. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00821-8">10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00821-8</a>'
  apa: 'Etesi, G., &#38; Hausel, T. (2001). Geometric construction of new Yang-Mills
    instantons over Taub-NUT space. <i>Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary
    Particle and High-Energy Physics</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00821-8">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00821-8</a>'
  chicago: 'Etesi, Gábor, and Tamás Hausel. “Geometric Construction of New Yang-Mills
    Instantons over Taub-NUT Space.” <i>Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary
    Particle and High-Energy Physics</i>. Elsevier, 2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00821-8">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00821-8</a>.'
  ieee: 'G. Etesi and T. Hausel, “Geometric construction of new Yang-Mills instantons
    over Taub-NUT space,” <i>Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle
    and High-Energy Physics</i>, vol. 514, no. 1–2. Elsevier, pp. 189–199, 2001.'
  ista: 'Etesi G, Hausel T. 2001. Geometric construction of new Yang-Mills instantons
    over Taub-NUT space. Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle
    and High-Energy Physics. 514(1–2), 189–199.'
  mla: 'Etesi, Gábor, and Tamás Hausel. “Geometric Construction of New Yang-Mills
    Instantons over Taub-NUT Space.” <i>Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary
    Particle and High-Energy Physics</i>, vol. 514, no. 1–2, Elsevier, 2001, pp. 189–99,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00821-8">10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00821-8</a>.'
  short: 'G. Etesi, T. Hausel, Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle
    and High-Energy Physics 514 (2001) 189–199.'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:52:07Z
date_published: 2001-08-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-05-31T11:51:37Z
day: '09'
doi: 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00821-8
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - hep-th/0105118
intvolume: '       514'
issue: 1-2
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0105118
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 189 - 199
publication: 'Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy
  Physics'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0370-2693
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '5743'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Geometric construction of new Yang-Mills instantons over Taub-NUT space
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 514
year: '2001'
...
---
_id: '1454'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We address the problem of finding Abelian instantons of finite energy on the
    Euclidean Schwarzschild manifold. This amounts to construct self-dual L2 harmonic
    2-forms on the space. Gibbons found a non-topological L2 harmonic form in the
    Taub-NUT metric, leading to Abelian instantons with continuous energy. We imitate
    his construction in the case of the Euclidean Schwarzschild manifold and find
    a non-topological self-dual L2 harmonic 2-form on it. We show how this gives rise
    to Abelian instantons and identify them with SU(2)-instantons of Pontryagin number
    2n2 found by Charap and Duff in 1977. Using results of Dodziuk and Hitchin we
    also calculate the full L2 harmonic space for the Euclidean Schwarzschild manifold.
acknowledgement: The work in this paper was done when Tamás Hausel visited the Yukawa
  Institute of Kyoto University in February 2000. We are grateful for Prof. G.W. Gibbons
  for insightful discussions and Prof. H. Kodama and the Yukawa Institute for the
  invitation and hospitality.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Gábor
  full_name: Etesi, Gábor
  last_name: Etesi
- first_name: Tamas
  full_name: Hausel, Tamas
  id: 4A0666D8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hausel
citation:
  ama: Etesi G, Hausel T. Geometric interpretation of Schwarzschild instantons. <i>Journal
    of Geometry and Physics</i>. 2001;37(1-2):126-136. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0393-0440(00)00040-1">10.1016/S0393-0440(00)00040-1</a>
  apa: Etesi, G., &#38; Hausel, T. (2001). Geometric interpretation of Schwarzschild
    instantons. <i>Journal of Geometry and Physics</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0393-0440(00)00040-1">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0393-0440(00)00040-1</a>
  chicago: Etesi, Gábor, and Tamás Hausel. “Geometric Interpretation of Schwarzschild
    Instantons.” <i>Journal of Geometry and Physics</i>. Elsevier, 2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0393-0440(00)00040-1">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0393-0440(00)00040-1</a>.
  ieee: G. Etesi and T. Hausel, “Geometric interpretation of Schwarzschild instantons,”
    <i>Journal of Geometry and Physics</i>, vol. 37, no. 1–2. Elsevier, pp. 126–136,
    2001.
  ista: Etesi G, Hausel T. 2001. Geometric interpretation of Schwarzschild instantons.
    Journal of Geometry and Physics. 37(1–2), 126–136.
  mla: Etesi, Gábor, and Tamás Hausel. “Geometric Interpretation of Schwarzschild
    Instantons.” <i>Journal of Geometry and Physics</i>, vol. 37, no. 1–2, Elsevier,
    2001, pp. 126–36, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0393-0440(00)00040-1">10.1016/S0393-0440(00)00040-1</a>.
  short: G. Etesi, T. Hausel, Journal of Geometry and Physics 37 (2001) 126–136.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:52:07Z
date_published: 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-05-31T12:08:45Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/S0393-0440(00)00040-1
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - hep-th/0003239
intvolume: '        37'
issue: 1-2
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0003239
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 126 - 136
publication: Journal of Geometry and Physics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0393-0440
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '5744'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Geometric interpretation of Schwarzschild instantons
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 37
year: '2001'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '17816'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The lifetime of the luminous phase of quasars is constrained by current observations
    to be 10^6 ≲ tQ ≲ 10^8 yr but is otherwise unknown. We model the quasar luminosity
    function in detail in the optical and X-ray bands using the Press-Schechter formalism
    and show that the expected clustering of quasars depends strongly on their assumed
    lifetime tQ. We quantify this dependence and find that existing measurements of
    the correlation length of quasars are consistent with the range 10^6 ≲ tQ ≲ 10^8
    yr. We then show that future measurements of the power spectrum of quasars out
    to z ~ 3, from the Anglo-Australian Telescope Two-Degree Field or Sloan Digital
    Sky Survey, can significantly improve this constraint and in principle allow a
    precise determination of tQ. We estimate the systematic errors introduced by uncertainties
    in the modeling of the quasar-halo relationship, as well as by the possible existence
    of obscured quasars.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
  orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
- first_name: Lam
  full_name: Hui, Lam
  last_name: Hui
citation:
  ama: Haiman Z, Hui L. Constraining the lifetime of quasars from their spatial clustering.
    <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2001;547(1):27-38. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/318330">10.1086/318330</a>
  apa: Haiman, Z., &#38; Hui, L. (2001). Constraining the lifetime of quasars from
    their spatial clustering. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical
    Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/318330">https://doi.org/10.1086/318330</a>
  chicago: Haiman, Zoltán, and Lam Hui. “Constraining the Lifetime of Quasars from
    Their Spatial Clustering.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical
    Society, 2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/318330">https://doi.org/10.1086/318330</a>.
  ieee: Z. Haiman and L. Hui, “Constraining the lifetime of quasars from their spatial
    clustering,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 547, no. 1. American Astronomical
    Society, pp. 27–38, 2001.
  ista: Haiman Z, Hui L. 2001. Constraining the lifetime of quasars from their spatial
    clustering. The Astrophysical Journal. 547(1), 27–38.
  mla: Haiman, Zoltán, and Lam Hui. “Constraining the Lifetime of Quasars from Their
    Spatial Clustering.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 547, no. 1, American
    Astronomical Society, 2001, pp. 27–38, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/318330">10.1086/318330</a>.
  short: Z. Haiman, L. Hui, The Astrophysical Journal 547 (2001) 27–38.
date_created: 2024-09-06T11:44:44Z
date_published: 2001-01-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-12T12:22:49Z
day: '20'
doi: 10.1086/318330
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - astro-ph/0002190
intvolume: '       547'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/0002190
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 27-38
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1538-4357
  issn:
  - 0004-637X
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Constraining the lifetime of quasars from their spatial clustering
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 547
year: '2001'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '17824'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The ubiquity of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the centers of nearby
    luminous galaxies can arise from the multiple mergers experienced by dark matter
    halos in hierarchical structure formation models, even if only a small fraction
    of these galaxies harbor SMBHs at high redshifts. We illustrate this possibility
    using cosmological Monte Carlo simulations of the merger history of dark matter
    halos and their associated SMBHs. In our most extreme models, in order to populate
    nearly every bright galaxy with an SMBH at z = 0, only a few percent of the halos
    with virial temperatures above 104 K are required to harbor an SMBH at high redshift.
    This possibility must be included in studies of the luminosity function and the
    clustering properties of quasars. We predict the number of SMBH merger events
    that are detectable by the gravitational wave experiment Laser Interferometer
    Space Antenna (LISA), as a function of redshift, out to z = 5. Although the event
    rates can be significantly reduced in scenarios with rare SMBHs, a minimum of
    ~10 detectable merger events per year is predicted if SMBH binaries coalesce efficiently.
    The observed distribution of events with redshift could yield valuable information
    on the SMBH formation process. If SMBH binaries do not coalesce, we find that
    at least several SMBH slingshot ejections probably occurred from z = 5 to the
    present in each galaxy more massive than ~1011 M☉ at z = 0. Although our results
    are sensitive to the minimum cooling mass assumed for the formation of SMBHs,
    we expect the qualitative predictions of our models to be robust.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Kristen
  full_name: Menou, Kristen
  last_name: Menou
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
  orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
- first_name: Vijay K.
  full_name: Narayanan, Vijay K.
  last_name: Narayanan
citation:
  ama: Menou K, Haiman Z, Narayanan VK. The merger history of supermassive black holes
    in galaxies. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2001;558(2):535-542. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/322310">10.1086/322310</a>
  apa: Menou, K., Haiman, Z., &#38; Narayanan, V. K. (2001). The merger history of
    supermassive black holes in galaxies. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American
    Astronomical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/322310">https://doi.org/10.1086/322310</a>
  chicago: Menou, Kristen, Zoltán Haiman, and Vijay K. Narayanan. “The Merger History
    of Supermassive Black Holes in Galaxies.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American
    Astronomical Society, 2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/322310">https://doi.org/10.1086/322310</a>.
  ieee: K. Menou, Z. Haiman, and V. K. Narayanan, “The merger history of supermassive
    black holes in galaxies,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 558, no. 2. American
    Astronomical Society, pp. 535–542, 2001.
  ista: Menou K, Haiman Z, Narayanan VK. 2001. The merger history of supermassive
    black holes in galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal. 558(2), 535–542.
  mla: Menou, Kristen, et al. “The Merger History of Supermassive Black Holes in Galaxies.”
    <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 558, no. 2, American Astronomical Society,
    2001, pp. 535–42, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/322310">10.1086/322310</a>.
  short: K. Menou, Z. Haiman, V.K. Narayanan, The Astrophysical Journal 558 (2001)
    535–542.
date_created: 2024-09-06T11:57:11Z
date_published: 2001-09-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-12T12:47:14Z
day: '10'
doi: 10.1086/322310
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - astro-ph/0101196
intvolume: '       558'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/0101196
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 535-542
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1538-4357
  issn:
  - 0004-637X
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The merger history of supermassive black holes in galaxies
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 558
year: '2001'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '17825'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We present the results from a survey of i-dropout objects selected from ∼1550
    deg^2 of multicolor imaging data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to search for
    luminous quasars at z ≳ 5.8. Objects with i*-z* > 2.2 and z* < 20.2 are selected,
    and follow-up J-band photometry is used to separate L- and T-type cool dwarfs
    from high-redshift quasars. We describe the discovery of three new quasars, SDSSp
    J083643.85+005453.3 (z = 5.82), J130608.26+035626.3 (z = 5.99), and J103027.10+052455.0
    (z = 6.28). The quasar SDSSp J083643.85+005453.3 is a radio source with flux of
    1.1 mJy at 20 cm. The spectra of all three quasars show strong and broad Lyα +
    N V emission lines and very strong Lyα forest absorption, with a mean continuum
    decrement DA > 0.90. The ARC 3.5 m spectrum of SDSSp J103027.10+052455.0 shows
    that over a range of ∼300 Å immediately blueward of the Lyα emission, the average
    transmitted flux is only 0.003 ± 0.020 times that of the continuum level, consistent
    with zero flux over a ∼300 Å range of the Lyα forest region and suggesting a tentative
    detection of the complete Gunn-Peterson trough. The existence of strong metal
    lines in the quasar spectra suggests early metal enrichment in the quasar environment.
    The three new objects, together with the previously published z = 5.8 quasar SDSSp
    J104433.04-012502.2, form a complete color-selected flux-limited sample at z ≳
    5.8. We estimate the selection function of this sample, taking into account the
    estimated variations in the quasar spectral energy distribution, as well as observational
    photometric errors. We find that at z = 6, the comoving density of luminous quasars
    at M1450 < -26.8 (H0 = 50 km s-1 Mpc-1, Ω = 1) is 1.1 × 10-9 Mpc-3. This is a
    factor of ∼2 lower than that at z ∼ 5 and is consistent with an extrapolation
    of the observed quasar evolution at z < 5. Using the current sample, we discuss
    the constraint on the shape of the quasar luminosity function and the implications
    for the contribution of quasars to the ionizing background at z ∼ 6. The luminous
    quasars discussed in the paper have central black hole masses of several times
    109 M⊙ by the Eddington argument, with likely dark halo masses on the order of
    1013 M⊙. Their observed space density provides a sensitive test of models of quasar
    and galaxy formation at high redshift.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Xiaohui
  full_name: Fan, Xiaohui
  last_name: Fan
- first_name: Vijay K.
  full_name: Narayanan, Vijay K.
  last_name: Narayanan
- first_name: Robert H.
  full_name: Lupton, Robert H.
  last_name: Lupton
- first_name: Michael A.
  full_name: Strauss, Michael A.
  last_name: Strauss
- first_name: Gillian R.
  full_name: Knapp, Gillian R.
  last_name: Knapp
- first_name: Robert H.
  full_name: Becker, Robert H.
  last_name: Becker
- first_name: Richard L.
  full_name: White, Richard L.
  last_name: White
- first_name: Laura
  full_name: Pentericci, Laura
  last_name: Pentericci
- first_name: S. K.
  full_name: Leggett, S. K.
  last_name: Leggett
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
  orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
- first_name: James E.
  full_name: Gunn, James E.
  last_name: Gunn
- first_name: Željko
  full_name: Ivezić, Željko
  last_name: Ivezić
- first_name: Donald P.
  full_name: Schneider, Donald P.
  last_name: Schneider
- first_name: Scott F.
  full_name: Anderson, Scott F.
  last_name: Anderson
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Brinkmann, J.
  last_name: Brinkmann
- first_name: Neta A.
  full_name: Bahcall, Neta A.
  last_name: Bahcall
- first_name: Andrew J.
  full_name: Connolly, Andrew J.
  last_name: Connolly
- first_name: István
  full_name: Csabai, István
  last_name: Csabai
- first_name: Mamoru
  full_name: Doi, Mamoru
  last_name: Doi
- first_name: Masataka
  full_name: Fukugita, Masataka
  last_name: Fukugita
- first_name: Tom
  full_name: Geballe, Tom
  last_name: Geballe
- first_name: Eva K.
  full_name: Grebel, Eva K.
  last_name: Grebel
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Harbeck, Daniel
  last_name: Harbeck
- first_name: Gregory
  full_name: Hennessy, Gregory
  last_name: Hennessy
- first_name: Don Q.
  full_name: Lamb, Don Q.
  last_name: Lamb
- first_name: Gajus
  full_name: Miknaitis, Gajus
  last_name: Miknaitis
- first_name: Jeffrey A.
  full_name: Munn, Jeffrey A.
  last_name: Munn
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Nichol, Robert
  last_name: Nichol
- first_name: Sadanori
  full_name: Okamura, Sadanori
  last_name: Okamura
- first_name: Jeffrey R.
  full_name: Pier, Jeffrey R.
  last_name: Pier
- first_name: Francisco
  full_name: Prada, Francisco
  last_name: Prada
- first_name: Gordon T.
  full_name: Richards, Gordon T.
  last_name: Richards
- first_name: Alex
  full_name: Szalay, Alex
  last_name: Szalay
- first_name: Donald G.
  full_name: York, Donald G.
  last_name: York
citation:
  ama: Fan X, Narayanan VK, Lupton RH, et al. A survey of z &#62; 5.8 quasars in the
    sloan digital sky survey. I. Discovery of three new quasars and the spatial density
    of luminous quasars at z ∼ 6. <i>The Astronomical Journal</i>. 2001;122(6):2833-2849.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/324111">10.1086/324111</a>
  apa: Fan, X., Narayanan, V. K., Lupton, R. H., Strauss, M. A., Knapp, G. R., Becker,
    R. H., … York, D. G. (2001). A survey of z &#62; 5.8 quasars in the sloan digital
    sky survey. I. Discovery of three new quasars and the spatial density of luminous
    quasars at z ∼ 6. <i>The Astronomical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/324111">https://doi.org/10.1086/324111</a>
  chicago: Fan, Xiaohui, Vijay K. Narayanan, Robert H. Lupton, Michael A. Strauss,
    Gillian R. Knapp, Robert H. Becker, Richard L. White, et al. “A Survey of z &#62;
    5.8 Quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. Discovery of Three New Quasars
    and the Spatial Density of Luminous Quasars at z ∼ 6.” <i>The Astronomical Journal</i>.
    American Astronomical Society, 2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/324111">https://doi.org/10.1086/324111</a>.
  ieee: X. Fan <i>et al.</i>, “A survey of z &#62; 5.8 quasars in the sloan digital
    sky survey. I. Discovery of three new quasars and the spatial density of luminous
    quasars at z ∼ 6,” <i>The Astronomical Journal</i>, vol. 122, no. 6. American
    Astronomical Society, pp. 2833–2849, 2001.
  ista: Fan X, Narayanan VK, Lupton RH, Strauss MA, Knapp GR, Becker RH, White RL,
    Pentericci L, Leggett SK, Haiman Z, Gunn JE, Ivezić Ž, Schneider DP, Anderson
    SF, Brinkmann J, Bahcall NA, Connolly AJ, Csabai I, Doi M, Fukugita M, Geballe
    T, Grebel EK, Harbeck D, Hennessy G, Lamb DQ, Miknaitis G, Munn JA, Nichol R,
    Okamura S, Pier JR, Prada F, Richards GT, Szalay A, York DG. 2001. A survey of
    z &#62; 5.8 quasars in the sloan digital sky survey. I. Discovery of three new
    quasars and the spatial density of luminous quasars at z ∼ 6. The Astronomical
    Journal. 122(6), 2833–2849.
  mla: Fan, Xiaohui, et al. “A Survey of z &#62; 5.8 Quasars in the Sloan Digital
    Sky Survey. I. Discovery of Three New Quasars and the Spatial Density of Luminous
    Quasars at z ∼ 6.” <i>The Astronomical Journal</i>, vol. 122, no. 6, American
    Astronomical Society, 2001, pp. 2833–49, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/324111">10.1086/324111</a>.
  short: X. Fan, V.K. Narayanan, R.H. Lupton, M.A. Strauss, G.R. Knapp, R.H. Becker,
    R.L. White, L. Pentericci, S.K. Leggett, Z. Haiman, J.E. Gunn, Ž. Ivezić, D.P.
    Schneider, S.F. Anderson, J. Brinkmann, N.A. Bahcall, A.J. Connolly, I. Csabai,
    M. Doi, M. Fukugita, T. Geballe, E.K. Grebel, D. Harbeck, G. Hennessy, D.Q. Lamb,
    G. Miknaitis, J.A. Munn, R. Nichol, S. Okamura, J.R. Pier, F. Prada, G.T. Richards,
    A. Szalay, D.G. York, The Astronomical Journal 122 (2001) 2833–2849.
date_created: 2024-09-06T11:57:53Z
date_published: 2001-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-12T12:51:42Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1086/324111
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - astro-ph/0108063
intvolume: '       122'
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/0108063
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 2833-2849
publication: The Astronomical Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0004-6256
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A survey of z > 5.8 quasars in the sloan digital sky survey. I. Discovery of
  three new quasars and the spatial density of luminous quasars at z ∼ 6
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 122
year: '2001'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '17826'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The hardness of the ionizing continuum from the first sources of UV radiation
    plays a crucial role in the reionization of the intergalactic medium (IGM). While
    usual stellar populations have soft spectra, miniquasars or metal-free stars with
    high effective temperatures may emit hard photons, capable of doubly ionizing
    helium and increasing the IGM temperature. Absorption within the source and in
    the intervening IGM will render the ionizing continuum of high-redshift sources
    inaccessible to direct observation. Here we show that He recombination lines from
    the first luminous objects are potentially detectable by the Next Generation Space
    Telescope. Together with measurements of the Hα emission line, this detection
    can be used to infer the ratio of He II to H I ionizing photons, [mathematical
    formula]. A measurement of this ratio would shed light on the nature and emission
    mechanism of the first luminous sources, with important astrophysical consequences
    for the reheating and reionization of the IGM.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: S. Peng
  full_name: Oh, S. Peng
  last_name: Oh
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
  orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
- first_name: Martin J.
  full_name: Rees, Martin J.
  last_name: Rees
citation:
  ama: Oh SP, Haiman Z, Rees MJ. He II recombination lines from the first luminous
    objects. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2001;553(1):73-77. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/320650">10.1086/320650</a>
  apa: Oh, S. P., Haiman, Z., &#38; Rees, M. J. (2001). He II recombination lines
    from the first luminous objects. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical
    Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/320650">https://doi.org/10.1086/320650</a>
  chicago: Oh, S. Peng, Zoltán Haiman, and Martin J. Rees. “He II Recombination Lines
    from the First Luminous Objects.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical
    Society, 2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/320650">https://doi.org/10.1086/320650</a>.
  ieee: S. P. Oh, Z. Haiman, and M. J. Rees, “He II recombination lines from the first
    luminous objects,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 553, no. 1. American
    Astronomical Society, pp. 73–77, 2001.
  ista: Oh SP, Haiman Z, Rees MJ. 2001. He II recombination lines from the first luminous
    objects. The Astrophysical Journal. 553(1), 73–77.
  mla: Oh, S. Peng, et al. “He II Recombination Lines from the First Luminous Objects.”
    <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 553, no. 1, American Astronomical Society,
    2001, pp. 73–77, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/320650">10.1086/320650</a>.
  short: S.P. Oh, Z. Haiman, M.J. Rees, The Astrophysical Journal 553 (2001) 73–77.
date_created: 2024-09-06T11:58:39Z
date_published: 2001-05-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-12T12:54:57Z
day: '20'
doi: 10.1086/320650
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - astro-ph/0007351
intvolume: '       553'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/0007351
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 73-77
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1538-4357
  issn:
  - 0004-637X
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: He II recombination lines from the first luminous objects
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 553
year: '2001'
...