--- _id: '17116' abstract: - lang: eng text: CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) systems are a type of adaptive immune response in bacteria and archaea that utilize crRNA (CRISPR RNA)-guided effector complexes to target complementary RNA or DNA for destruction. The prototypical type III-A and III-B CRISPR-Cas systems utilize multi-subunit effector complexes composed of individual proteins to cleave ssRNA targets at 6-nt intervals, as well as non-specifically degrading ssDNA and activating cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) synthesis. Recent studies have shown that type III systems can contain subunit fusions yet maintain canonical type III RNA-targeting capabilities. To understand how a multi-subunit fusion effector functions, we determine structures of a variant type III-D effector and biochemically characterize how it cleaves RNA targets. These findings provide insights into how multi-subunit fusion proteins are tethered together and assemble into an active and programmable RNA endonuclease, how the effector utilizes a novel mechanism for target RNA seeding, and the structural basis for the evolution of type III effector complexes. Furthermore, our results provide a blueprint for fusing subunits in class 1 effectors for design of user-defined effector complexes with disparate activities.Important noteWhile this manuscript was in preparation, a manuscript describing the structure of the type III-E effector was published1. We reference these important findings; however, a careful comparison of the structures will follow once the coordinates have been released by the PDB. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Evan A. full_name: Schwartz, Evan A. last_name: Schwartz - first_name: Jack Peter Kelly full_name: Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly id: 96aecfa5-8931-11ee-af30-aa6a5d6eee0e last_name: Bravo orcid: 0000-0003-0456-0753 - first_name: Luis A. full_name: Macias, Luis A. last_name: Macias - first_name: Caitlyn L. full_name: McCafferty, Caitlyn L. last_name: McCafferty - first_name: Tyler L. full_name: Dangerfield, Tyler L. last_name: Dangerfield - first_name: Jada N. full_name: Walker, Jada N. last_name: Walker - first_name: Jennifer S. full_name: Brodbelt, Jennifer S. last_name: Brodbelt - first_name: Peter C. full_name: Fineran, Peter C. last_name: Fineran - first_name: Robert D. full_name: Fagerlund, Robert D. last_name: Fagerlund - first_name: David W. full_name: Taylor, David W. last_name: Taylor citation: ama: Schwartz EA, Bravo JPK, Macias LA, et al. Assembly of multi-subunit fusion proteins into the RNA-targeting type III-D CRISPR-Cas effector complex. bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/2022.06.13.496011 apa: Schwartz, E. A., Bravo, J. P. K., Macias, L. A., McCafferty, C. L., Dangerfield, T. L., Walker, J. N., … Taylor, D. W. (n.d.). Assembly of multi-subunit fusion proteins into the RNA-targeting type III-D CRISPR-Cas effector complex. bioRxiv. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.13.496011 chicago: Schwartz, Evan A., Jack Peter Kelly Bravo, Luis A. Macias, Caitlyn L. McCafferty, Tyler L. Dangerfield, Jada N. Walker, Jennifer S. Brodbelt, Peter C. Fineran, Robert D. Fagerlund, and David W. Taylor. “Assembly of Multi-Subunit Fusion Proteins into the RNA-Targeting Type III-D CRISPR-Cas Effector Complex.” BioRxiv. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.13.496011. ieee: E. A. Schwartz et al., “Assembly of multi-subunit fusion proteins into the RNA-targeting type III-D CRISPR-Cas effector complex,” bioRxiv. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. ista: Schwartz EA, Bravo JPK, Macias LA, McCafferty CL, Dangerfield TL, Walker JN, Brodbelt JS, Fineran PC, Fagerlund RD, Taylor DW. Assembly of multi-subunit fusion proteins into the RNA-targeting type III-D CRISPR-Cas effector complex. bioRxiv, 10.1101/2022.06.13.496011. mla: Schwartz, Evan A., et al. “Assembly of Multi-Subunit Fusion Proteins into the RNA-Targeting Type III-D CRISPR-Cas Effector Complex.” BioRxiv, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, doi:10.1101/2022.06.13.496011. short: E.A. Schwartz, J.P.K. Bravo, L.A. Macias, C.L. McCafferty, T.L. Dangerfield, J.N. Walker, J.S. Brodbelt, P.C. Fineran, R.D. Fagerlund, D.W. Taylor, BioRxiv (n.d.). date_created: 2024-06-04T06:44:16Z date_published: 2022-06-14T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-06-04T06:58:41Z day: '14' doi: 10.1101/2022.06.13.496011 extern: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.13.496011 month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint publication: bioRxiv publication_status: submitted publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory status: public title: Assembly of multi-subunit fusion proteins into the RNA-targeting type III-D CRISPR-Cas effector complex type: preprint user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17117' abstract: - lang: eng text: Cas12a2 is a CRISPR-associated nuclease that performs RNA-guided degradation of non-specific single-stranded (ss)RNA, ssDNA and double-stranded (ds)DNA upon recognition of a complementary RNA target, culminating in abortive infection (Dmytrenko 2022). Here, we report structures of Cas12a2 in binary, ternary, and quaternary complexes to reveal a complete activation pathway. Our structures reveal that Cas12a2 is autoinhibited until binding a cognate RNA target, which exposes the RuvC active site within a large, positively charged cleft. Double-stranded DNA substrates are captured through duplex distortion and local melting, stabilized by pairs of ‘aromatic clamp’ residues that are crucial for dsDNA degradation and in vivo immune system function. Our work provides a structural basis for this unprecedented mechanism of abortive infection to achieve population-level immunity, which can be leveraged to create rational mutants that degrade a spectrum of collateral substrates. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Jack Peter Kelly full_name: Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly id: 96aecfa5-8931-11ee-af30-aa6a5d6eee0e last_name: Bravo orcid: 0000-0003-0456-0753 - first_name: Thom full_name: Hallmark, Thom last_name: Hallmark - first_name: Bronson full_name: Naegle, Bronson last_name: Naegle - first_name: Chase L. full_name: Beisel, Chase L. last_name: Beisel - first_name: Ryan N. full_name: Jackson, Ryan N. last_name: Jackson - first_name: David W. full_name: Taylor, David W. last_name: Taylor citation: ama: Bravo JPK, Hallmark T, Naegle B, Beisel CL, Jackson RN, Taylor DW. Large-scale structural rearrangements unleash indiscriminate nuclease activity of CRISPR-Cas12a2. bioRxiv. 2022. doi:10.1101/2022.06.13.495754 apa: Bravo, J. P. K., Hallmark, T., Naegle, B., Beisel, C. L., Jackson, R. N., & Taylor, D. W. (2022). Large-scale structural rearrangements unleash indiscriminate nuclease activity of CRISPR-Cas12a2. bioRxiv. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.13.495754 chicago: Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly, Thom Hallmark, Bronson Naegle, Chase L. Beisel, Ryan N. Jackson, and David W. Taylor. “Large-Scale Structural Rearrangements Unleash Indiscriminate Nuclease Activity of CRISPR-Cas12a2.” BioRxiv. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.13.495754. ieee: J. P. K. Bravo, T. Hallmark, B. Naegle, C. L. Beisel, R. N. Jackson, and D. W. Taylor, “Large-scale structural rearrangements unleash indiscriminate nuclease activity of CRISPR-Cas12a2,” bioRxiv. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2022. ista: Bravo JPK, Hallmark T, Naegle B, Beisel CL, Jackson RN, Taylor DW. 2022. Large-scale structural rearrangements unleash indiscriminate nuclease activity of CRISPR-Cas12a2. bioRxiv, 10.1101/2022.06.13.495754. mla: Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly, et al. “Large-Scale Structural Rearrangements Unleash Indiscriminate Nuclease Activity of CRISPR-Cas12a2.” BioRxiv, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2022, doi:10.1101/2022.06.13.495754. short: J.P.K. Bravo, T. Hallmark, B. Naegle, C.L. Beisel, R.N. Jackson, D.W. Taylor, BioRxiv (2022). date_created: 2024-06-04T06:44:59Z date_published: 2022-06-13T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-06-04T06:55:16Z day: '13' doi: 10.1101/2022.06.13.495754 extern: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.13.495754 month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint publication: bioRxiv publication_status: published publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory status: public title: Large-scale structural rearrangements unleash indiscriminate nuclease activity of CRISPR-Cas12a2 type: preprint user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17383' abstract: - lang: eng text: "We present a computational inverse design framework for a new class of volumetric deployable structures that have compact rest states and deploy into bending-active 3D target surfaces. Umbrella meshes consist of elastic beams, rigid plates, and hinge joints that can be directly printed or assembled in a zero-energy fabrication state. During deployment, as the elastic beams of varying heights rotate from vertical to horizontal configurations, the entire structure transforms from a compact block into a target curved surface. Umbrella Meshes encode both intrinsic and extrinsic curvature of the target surface and in principle are free from the area expansion ratio bounds of past auxetic material systems.\r\nWe build a reduced physics-based simulation framework to accurately and efficiently model the complex interaction between the elastically deforming components. To determine the mesh topology and optimal shape parameters for approximating a given target surface, we propose an inverse design optimization algorithm initialized with conformal flattening. Our algorithm minimizes the structure's strain energy in its deployed state and optimizes actuation forces so that the final deployed structure is in stable equilibrium close to the desired surface with few or no external constraints. We validate our approach by fabricating a series of physical models at various scales using different manufacturing techniques." article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Yingying full_name: Ren, Yingying id: 93d68d10-3540-11ef-a265-f748a50dba3d last_name: Ren - first_name: Uday full_name: Kusupati, Uday last_name: Kusupati - first_name: Julian full_name: Panetta, Julian last_name: Panetta - first_name: Florin full_name: Isvoranu, Florin last_name: Isvoranu - first_name: Davide full_name: Pellis, Davide last_name: Pellis - first_name: Tian full_name: Chen, Tian last_name: Chen - first_name: Mark full_name: Pauly, Mark last_name: Pauly citation: ama: 'Ren Y, Kusupati U, Panetta J, et al. Umbrella meshes: Elastic mechanisms for freeform shape deployment. ACM Transactions on Graphics. 2022;41(4):1-15. doi:10.1145/3528223.3530089' apa: 'Ren, Y., Kusupati, U., Panetta, J., Isvoranu, F., Pellis, D., Chen, T., & Pauly, M. (2022). Umbrella meshes: Elastic mechanisms for freeform shape deployment. ACM Transactions on Graphics. Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3528223.3530089' chicago: 'Ren, Yingying, Uday Kusupati, Julian Panetta, Florin Isvoranu, Davide Pellis, Tian Chen, and Mark Pauly. “Umbrella Meshes: Elastic Mechanisms for Freeform Shape Deployment.” ACM Transactions on Graphics. Association for Computing Machinery, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1145/3528223.3530089.' ieee: 'Y. Ren et al., “Umbrella meshes: Elastic mechanisms for freeform shape deployment,” ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 41, no. 4. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 1–15, 2022.' ista: 'Ren Y, Kusupati U, Panetta J, Isvoranu F, Pellis D, Chen T, Pauly M. 2022. Umbrella meshes: Elastic mechanisms for freeform shape deployment. ACM Transactions on Graphics. 41(4), 1–15.' mla: 'Ren, Yingying, et al. “Umbrella Meshes: Elastic Mechanisms for Freeform Shape Deployment.” ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 41, no. 4, Association for Computing Machinery, 2022, pp. 1–15, doi:10.1145/3528223.3530089.' short: Y. Ren, U. Kusupati, J. Panetta, F. Isvoranu, D. Pellis, T. Chen, M. Pauly, ACM Transactions on Graphics 41 (2022) 1–15. date_created: 2024-08-05T06:30:07Z date_published: 2022-07-22T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-08-12T09:40:49Z day: '22' doi: 10.1145/3528223.3530089 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 41' issue: '4' language: - iso: eng month: '07' oa_version: None page: 1-15 publication: ACM Transactions on Graphics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1557-7368 issn: - 0730-0301 publication_status: published publisher: Association for Computing Machinery quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Umbrella meshes: Elastic mechanisms for freeform shape deployment' type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 41 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17501' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Low-level systems code often needs to interact with data, such as page table entries or network packet headers, in which multiple pieces of information are packaged together as bitfield components of a single machine integer and accessed via bitfield manipulations (e.g., shifts and masking). Most existing approaches to verifying such code employ SMT solvers, instantiated with theories for bit vector reasoning: these provide a powerful hammer, but also significantly increase the trusted computing base of the verification toolchain.\r\nIn this work, we propose an alternative approach to the verification of bitfield-manipulating systems code, which we call BFF. Building on the RefinedC framework, BFF is not only highly automated (as SMT-based approaches are) but also foundational---i.e., it produces a machine-checked proof of program correctness against a formal semantics for C programs, fully mechanized in Coq. Unlike SMT-based approaches, we do not try to solve the general problem of arbitrary bit vector reasoning, but rather observe that real systems code typically accesses bitfields using simple, well-understood programming patterns: the layout of a bit vector is known up front, and its bitfields are accessed in predictable ways through a handful of bitwise operations involving bit masks. Correspondingly, we center our approach around the concept of a structured bit vector---i.e., a bit vector with a known bitfield layout---which we use to drive simple and predictable automation. We validate the BFF approach by verifying a range of bitfield-manipulating C functions drawn from real systems code, including page table manipulation code from the Linux kernel and the pKVM hypervisor." article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Fengmin full_name: Zhu, Fengmin last_name: Zhu - first_name: Michael Joachim full_name: Sammler, Michael Joachim id: 510d3901-2a03-11ee-914d-d9ae9011f0a7 last_name: Sammler - first_name: Rodolphe full_name: Lepigre, Rodolphe last_name: Lepigre - first_name: Derek full_name: Dreyer, Derek last_name: Dreyer - first_name: Deepak full_name: Garg, Deepak last_name: Garg citation: ama: 'Zhu F, Sammler MJ, Lepigre R, Dreyer D, Garg D. BFF: Foundational and automated verification of bitfield-manipulating programs. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. 2022;6(OOPSLA2):1613-1638. doi:10.1145/3563345' apa: 'Zhu, F., Sammler, M. J., Lepigre, R., Dreyer, D., & Garg, D. (2022). BFF: Foundational and automated verification of bitfield-manipulating programs. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3563345' chicago: 'Zhu, Fengmin, Michael Joachim Sammler, Rodolphe Lepigre, Derek Dreyer, and Deepak Garg. “BFF: Foundational and Automated Verification of Bitfield-Manipulating Programs.” Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. Association for Computing Machinery, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1145/3563345.' ieee: 'F. Zhu, M. J. Sammler, R. Lepigre, D. Dreyer, and D. Garg, “BFF: Foundational and automated verification of bitfield-manipulating programs,” Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, vol. 6, no. OOPSLA2. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 1613–1638, 2022.' ista: 'Zhu F, Sammler MJ, Lepigre R, Dreyer D, Garg D. 2022. BFF: Foundational and automated verification of bitfield-manipulating programs. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. 6(OOPSLA2), 1613–1638.' mla: 'Zhu, Fengmin, et al. “BFF: Foundational and Automated Verification of Bitfield-Manipulating Programs.” Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, vol. 6, no. OOPSLA2, Association for Computing Machinery, 2022, pp. 1613–38, doi:10.1145/3563345.' short: F. Zhu, M.J. Sammler, R. Lepigre, D. Dreyer, D. Garg, Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 6 (2022) 1613–1638. date_created: 2024-09-05T08:27:17Z date_published: 2022-10-31T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-10T09:49:18Z day: '31' doi: 10.1145/3563345 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 6' issue: OOPSLA2 language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1145/3563345 month: '10' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 1613-1638 publication: Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages publication_identifier: issn: - 2475-1421 publication_status: published publisher: Association for Computing Machinery quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'BFF: Foundational and automated verification of bitfield-manipulating programs' type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 6 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17502' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Recent years have seen great advances towards verifying large-scale systems code. However, these verifications are usually based on hand-written assembly or machine-code semantics for the underlying architecture that only cover a small part of the instruction set architecture (ISA). In contrast, other recent work has used Sail to establish formal models for large real-world architectures, including Armv8-A and RISC-V, that are comprehensive (complete enough to boot an operating system or hypervisor) and authoritative (automatically derived from the Arm internal model and validated against the Arm validation suite, and adopted as the official formal specification by RISC-V International, respectively). But the scale and complexity of these models makes them challenging to use as a basis for verification.\r\nIn this paper, we propose Islaris, the first system to support verification of machine code above these complete and authoritative real-world ISA specifications. Islaris uses a novel combination of SMT-solver-based symbolic execution (the Isla symbolic executor) and automated reasoning in a foundational program logic (a new separation logic we derive using Iris in Coq). We show that this approach can handle Armv8-A and RISC-V machine code exercising a wide range of systems features, including installing and calling exception vectors, code parametric on a relocation address offset (from the production pKVM hypervisor); unaligned access faults; memory-mapped IO; and compiled C code using inline assembly and function pointers." article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Michael Joachim full_name: Sammler, Michael Joachim id: 510d3901-2a03-11ee-914d-d9ae9011f0a7 last_name: Sammler - first_name: Angus full_name: Hammond, Angus last_name: Hammond - first_name: Rodolphe full_name: Lepigre, Rodolphe last_name: Lepigre - first_name: Brian full_name: Campbell, Brian last_name: Campbell - first_name: Jean full_name: Pichon-Pharabod, Jean last_name: Pichon-Pharabod - first_name: Derek full_name: Dreyer, Derek last_name: Dreyer - first_name: Deepak full_name: Garg, Deepak last_name: Garg - first_name: Peter full_name: Sewell, Peter last_name: Sewell citation: ama: 'Sammler MJ, Hammond A, Lepigre R, et al. Islaris: Verification of machine code against authoritative ISA semantics. In: Proceedings of the 43rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. Association for Computing Machinery; 2022:825-840. doi:10.1145/3519939.3523434' apa: 'Sammler, M. J., Hammond, A., Lepigre, R., Campbell, B., Pichon-Pharabod, J., Dreyer, D., … Sewell, P. (2022). Islaris: Verification of machine code against authoritative ISA semantics. In Proceedings of the 43rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (pp. 825–840). San Diego, CA, United States: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3519939.3523434' chicago: 'Sammler, Michael Joachim, Angus Hammond, Rodolphe Lepigre, Brian Campbell, Jean Pichon-Pharabod, Derek Dreyer, Deepak Garg, and Peter Sewell. “Islaris: Verification of Machine Code against Authoritative ISA Semantics.” In Proceedings of the 43rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, 825–40. Association for Computing Machinery, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1145/3519939.3523434.' ieee: 'M. J. Sammler et al., “Islaris: Verification of machine code against authoritative ISA semantics,” in Proceedings of the 43rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, San Diego, CA, United States, 2022, pp. 825–840.' ista: 'Sammler MJ, Hammond A, Lepigre R, Campbell B, Pichon-Pharabod J, Dreyer D, Garg D, Sewell P. 2022. Islaris: Verification of machine code against authoritative ISA semantics. Proceedings of the 43rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. PLDI: Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, 825–840.' mla: 'Sammler, Michael Joachim, et al. “Islaris: Verification of Machine Code against Authoritative ISA Semantics.” Proceedings of the 43rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, Association for Computing Machinery, 2022, pp. 825–40, doi:10.1145/3519939.3523434.' short: M.J. Sammler, A. Hammond, R. Lepigre, B. Campbell, J. Pichon-Pharabod, D. Dreyer, D. Garg, P. Sewell, in:, Proceedings of the 43rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, Association for Computing Machinery, 2022, pp. 825–840. conference: end_date: 2022-06-17 location: San Diego, CA, United States name: 'PLDI: Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation' start_date: 2022-06-13 date_created: 2024-09-05T08:29:08Z date_published: 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-10T11:08:03Z day: '09' doi: 10.1145/3519939.3523434 extern: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1145/3519939.3523434 month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 825-840 publication: Proceedings of the 43rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation publication_status: published publisher: Association for Computing Machinery quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Islaris: Verification of machine code against authoritative ISA semantics' type: conference user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17503' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Systems code often requires fine-grained control over memory layout and pointers, expressed using low-level (e.g., bitwise) operations on pointer values. Since these operations go beyond what basic pointer arithmetic in C allows, they are performed with the help of integer-pointer casts. Prior work has explored increasingly realistic memory object models for C that account for the desired semantics of integer-pointer casts while also being sound w.r.t. compiler optimisations, culminating in PNVI, the preferred memory object model in ongoing discussions within the ISO WG14 C standards committee. However, its complexity makes it an unappealing target for verification, and no tools currently exist to verify C programs under PNVI.\r\nIn this paper, we introduce VIP, a new memory object model aimed at supporting C verification. VIP sidesteps the complexities of PNVI with a simple but effective idea: a new construct that lets programmers express the intended provenances of integer-pointer casts explicitly. At the same time, we prove VIP compatible with PNVI, thus enabling verification on top of VIP to benefit from PNVI’s validation with respect to practice. In particular, we build a verification tool, RefinedC-VIP, for verifying programs under VIP semantics. As the name suggests, RefinedC-VIP extends the recently developed RefinedC tool, which is automated yet also produces foundational proofs in Coq. We evaluate RefinedC-VIP on a range of systems-code idioms, and validate VIP’s expressiveness via an implementation in the Cerberus C semantics." article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Rodolphe full_name: Lepigre, Rodolphe last_name: Lepigre - first_name: Michael Joachim full_name: Sammler, Michael Joachim id: 510d3901-2a03-11ee-914d-d9ae9011f0a7 last_name: Sammler - first_name: Kayvan full_name: Memarian, Kayvan last_name: Memarian - first_name: Robbert full_name: Krebbers, Robbert last_name: Krebbers - first_name: Derek full_name: Dreyer, Derek last_name: Dreyer - first_name: Peter full_name: Sewell, Peter last_name: Sewell citation: ama: 'Lepigre R, Sammler MJ, Memarian K, Krebbers R, Dreyer D, Sewell P. VIP: Verifying real-world C idioms with integer-pointer casts. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. 2022;6(POPL):1-32. doi:10.1145/3498681' apa: 'Lepigre, R., Sammler, M. J., Memarian, K., Krebbers, R., Dreyer, D., & Sewell, P. (2022). VIP: Verifying real-world C idioms with integer-pointer casts. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3498681' chicago: 'Lepigre, Rodolphe, Michael Joachim Sammler, Kayvan Memarian, Robbert Krebbers, Derek Dreyer, and Peter Sewell. “VIP: Verifying Real-World C Idioms with Integer-Pointer Casts.” Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. Association for Computing Machinery, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1145/3498681.' ieee: 'R. Lepigre, M. J. Sammler, K. Memarian, R. Krebbers, D. Dreyer, and P. Sewell, “VIP: Verifying real-world C idioms with integer-pointer casts,” Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, vol. 6, no. POPL. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 1–32, 2022.' ista: 'Lepigre R, Sammler MJ, Memarian K, Krebbers R, Dreyer D, Sewell P. 2022. VIP: Verifying real-world C idioms with integer-pointer casts. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. 6(POPL), 1–32.' mla: 'Lepigre, Rodolphe, et al. “VIP: Verifying Real-World C Idioms with Integer-Pointer Casts.” Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, vol. 6, no. POPL, Association for Computing Machinery, 2022, pp. 1–32, doi:10.1145/3498681.' short: R. Lepigre, M.J. Sammler, K. Memarian, R. Krebbers, D. Dreyer, P. Sewell, Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 6 (2022) 1–32. date_created: 2024-09-05T08:31:09Z date_published: 2022-01-12T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-10T09:48:57Z day: '12' doi: 10.1145/3498681 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 6' issue: POPL language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1145/3498681 month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 1-32 publication: Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages publication_identifier: issn: - 2475-1421 publication_status: published publisher: Association for Computing Machinery quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'VIP: Verifying real-world C idioms with integer-pointer casts' type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 6 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17504' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Today’s compilers employ a variety of non-trivial optimizations to achieve good performance. One key trick compilers use to justify transformations of concurrent programs is to assume that the source program has no data races: if it does, they cause the program to have undefined behavior (UB) and give the compiler free rein. However, verifying correctness of optimizations that exploit this assumption is a non-trivial problem. In particular, prior work either has not proven that such optimizations preserve program termination (particularly non-obvious when considering optimizations that move instructions out of loop bodies), or has treated all synchronization operations as external functions (losing the ability to reorder instructions around them).\r\nIn this work we present Simuliris, the first simulation technique to establish termination preservation (under a fair scheduler) for a range of concurrent program transformations that exploit UB in the source language. Simuliris is based on the idea of using ownership to reason modularly about the assumptions the compiler makes about programs with well-defined behavior. This brings the benefits of concurrent separation logics to the space of verifying program transformations: we can combine powerful reasoning techniques such as framing and coinduction to perform thread-local proofs of non-trivial concurrent program optimizations. Simuliris is built on a (non-step-indexed) variant of the Coq-based Iris framework, and is thus not tied to a particular language. In addition to demonstrating the effectiveness of Simuliris on standard compiler optimizations involving data race UB, we also instantiate it with Jung et al.’s Stacked Borrows semantics for Rust and generalize their proofs of interesting type-based aliasing optimizations to account for concurrency." article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Lennard full_name: Gäher, Lennard last_name: Gäher - first_name: Michael Joachim full_name: Sammler, Michael Joachim id: 510d3901-2a03-11ee-914d-d9ae9011f0a7 last_name: Sammler - first_name: Simon full_name: Spies, Simon last_name: Spies - first_name: Ralf full_name: Jung, Ralf last_name: Jung - first_name: Hoang-Hai full_name: Dang, Hoang-Hai last_name: Dang - first_name: Robbert full_name: Krebbers, Robbert last_name: Krebbers - first_name: Jeehoon full_name: Kang, Jeehoon last_name: Kang - first_name: Derek full_name: Dreyer, Derek last_name: Dreyer citation: ama: 'Gäher L, Sammler MJ, Spies S, et al. Simuliris: A separation logic framework for verifying concurrent program optimizations. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. 2022;6(POPL):1-31. doi:10.1145/3498689' apa: 'Gäher, L., Sammler, M. J., Spies, S., Jung, R., Dang, H.-H., Krebbers, R., … Dreyer, D. (2022). Simuliris: A separation logic framework for verifying concurrent program optimizations. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3498689' chicago: 'Gäher, Lennard, Michael Joachim Sammler, Simon Spies, Ralf Jung, Hoang-Hai Dang, Robbert Krebbers, Jeehoon Kang, and Derek Dreyer. “Simuliris: A Separation Logic Framework for Verifying Concurrent Program Optimizations.” Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. Association for Computing Machinery, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1145/3498689.' ieee: 'L. Gäher et al., “Simuliris: A separation logic framework for verifying concurrent program optimizations,” Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, vol. 6, no. POPL. Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 1–31, 2022.' ista: 'Gäher L, Sammler MJ, Spies S, Jung R, Dang H-H, Krebbers R, Kang J, Dreyer D. 2022. Simuliris: A separation logic framework for verifying concurrent program optimizations. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. 6(POPL), 1–31.' mla: 'Gäher, Lennard, et al. “Simuliris: A Separation Logic Framework for Verifying Concurrent Program Optimizations.” Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, vol. 6, no. POPL, Association for Computing Machinery, 2022, pp. 1–31, doi:10.1145/3498689.' short: L. Gäher, M.J. Sammler, S. Spies, R. Jung, H.-H. Dang, R. Krebbers, J. Kang, D. Dreyer, Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 6 (2022) 1–31. date_created: 2024-09-05T08:32:16Z date_published: 2022-01-12T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-10T09:48:37Z day: '12' doi: 10.1145/3498689 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 6' issue: POPL language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1145/3498689 month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 1-31 publication: Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages publication_identifier: issn: - 2475-1421 publication_status: published publisher: Association for Computing Machinery quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Simuliris: A separation logic framework for verifying concurrent program optimizations' type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 6 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17526' abstract: - lang: eng text: The self-lensing of a massive black hole binary (MBHB), which occurs when the two BHs are aligned close to the line of sight, is expected to produce periodic, short-duration flares. Here we study the shapes of self-lensing flares (SLFs) via general-relativistic ray tracing in a superimposed binary BH metric, in which the emission is generated by geometrically thin accretion flows around each component. The suite of models covers eccentric binary orbits, black hole spins, unequal mass binaries, and different emission model geometries. We explore the above parameter space and report how the light curves change as a function of, e.g., binary separation, inclination, and eccentricity. We also compare our light curves to those in the microlensing approximation, and show how strong deflections, as well as time-delay effects, change the size and shape of the SLF. If gravitational waves (GWs) from the inspiraling MBHB are observed by LISA, SLFs can help securely identify the source and localizing it on the sky, and to constrain the graviton mass by comparing the phasing of the SLFs and the GWs. Additionally, when these systems are viewed edge-on the SLF shows a distinct dip that can be directly correlated with the BH shadow size. This opens a new way to measure BH shadow sizes in systems that are unresolvable by current VLBI facilities. article_number: '103010' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Jordy full_name: Davelaar, Jordy last_name: Davelaar - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman citation: ama: 'Davelaar J, Haiman Z. Self-lensing flares from black hole binaries: General-relativistic ray tracing of black hole binaries. Physical Review D. 2022;105(10). doi:10.1103/physrevd.105.103010' apa: 'Davelaar, J., & Haiman, Z. (2022). Self-lensing flares from black hole binaries: General-relativistic ray tracing of black hole binaries. Physical Review D. American Physical Society (APS). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.105.103010' chicago: 'Davelaar, Jordy, and Zoltán Haiman. “Self-Lensing Flares from Black Hole Binaries: General-Relativistic Ray Tracing of Black Hole Binaries.” Physical Review D. American Physical Society (APS), 2022. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.105.103010.' ieee: 'J. Davelaar and Z. Haiman, “Self-lensing flares from black hole binaries: General-relativistic ray tracing of black hole binaries,” Physical Review D, vol. 105, no. 10. American Physical Society (APS), 2022.' ista: 'Davelaar J, Haiman Z. 2022. Self-lensing flares from black hole binaries: General-relativistic ray tracing of black hole binaries. Physical Review D. 105(10), 103010.' mla: 'Davelaar, Jordy, and Zoltán Haiman. “Self-Lensing Flares from Black Hole Binaries: General-Relativistic Ray Tracing of Black Hole Binaries.” Physical Review D, vol. 105, no. 10, 103010, American Physical Society (APS), 2022, doi:10.1103/physrevd.105.103010.' short: J. Davelaar, Z. Haiman, Physical Review D 105 (2022). date_created: 2024-09-05T09:29:24Z date_published: 2022-05-09T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-11T08:41:55Z day: '09' doi: 10.1103/physrevd.105.103010 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 105' issue: '10' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.105.103010 month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Physical Review D publication_identifier: issn: - 2470-0010 - 2470-0029 publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society (APS) quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Self-lensing flares from black hole binaries: General-relativistic ray tracing of black hole binaries' type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 105 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17536' abstract: - lang: eng text: There is some weak evidence that the black hole merger named GW190521 had a non-zero eccentricity. In addition, the component black holes' masses exceeded the limit predicted by stellar evolution. The large masses can be explained by successive mergers, which may be efficient in gas disks surrounding active galactic nuclei (AGN), but it is difficult to maintain an eccentric orbit all the way to the merger, as basic physics would argue for circularization. Here we show that AGN-disk environments can lead to an excess of eccentric mergers, if the interactions between single and binary black holes are frequent, and occur with mutual inclinations of less than a few degrees. We further illustrate that this eccentric population has a different distribution of the inclination between the spin vectors of the black holes and their orbital angular momentum at merger, referred to as the spin-orbit tilt, compared to the remaining circular mergers. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: J. full_name: Samsing, J. last_name: Samsing - first_name: I. full_name: Bartos, I. last_name: Bartos - first_name: D. J. full_name: D’Orazio, D. J. last_name: D’Orazio - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman - first_name: B. full_name: Kocsis, B. last_name: Kocsis - first_name: N. W. C. full_name: Leigh, N. W. C. last_name: Leigh - first_name: B. full_name: Liu, B. last_name: Liu - first_name: M. E. full_name: Pessah, M. E. last_name: Pessah - first_name: H. full_name: Tagawa, H. last_name: Tagawa citation: ama: Samsing J, Bartos I, D’Orazio DJ, et al. AGN as potential factories for eccentric black hole mergers. Nature. 2022;603(7900):237-240. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04333-1 apa: Samsing, J., Bartos, I., D’Orazio, D. J., Haiman, Z., Kocsis, B., Leigh, N. W. C., … Tagawa, H. (2022). AGN as potential factories for eccentric black hole mergers. Nature. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04333-1 chicago: Samsing, J., I. Bartos, D. J. D’Orazio, Zoltán Haiman, B. Kocsis, N. W. C. Leigh, B. Liu, M. E. Pessah, and H. Tagawa. “AGN as Potential Factories for Eccentric Black Hole Mergers.” Nature. Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04333-1. ieee: J. Samsing et al., “AGN as potential factories for eccentric black hole mergers,” Nature, vol. 603, no. 7900. Springer Science and Business Media LLC, pp. 237–240, 2022. ista: Samsing J, Bartos I, D’Orazio DJ, Haiman Z, Kocsis B, Leigh NWC, Liu B, Pessah ME, Tagawa H. 2022. AGN as potential factories for eccentric black hole mergers. Nature. 603(7900), 237–240. mla: Samsing, J., et al. “AGN as Potential Factories for Eccentric Black Hole Mergers.” Nature, vol. 603, no. 7900, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022, pp. 237–40, doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04333-1. short: J. Samsing, I. Bartos, D.J. D’Orazio, Z. Haiman, B. Kocsis, N.W.C. Leigh, B. Liu, M.E. Pessah, H. Tagawa, Nature 603 (2022) 237–240. date_created: 2024-09-05T09:45:31Z date_published: 2022-05-09T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-12T09:24:50Z day: '09' doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04333-1 extern: '1' external_id: arxiv: - '2010.09765' intvolume: ' 603' issue: '7900' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: ' https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2010.09765' month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint page: 237-240 publication: Nature publication_identifier: issn: - 0028-0836 - 1476-4687 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: AGN as potential factories for eccentric black hole mergers type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 603 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17547' abstract: - lang: eng text: Supermassive black hole (BH) binaries are thought to produce self-lensing flares (SLFs) when the two BHs are aligned with the line of sight. If the binary orbit is observed nearly edge-on, we find a distinct feature in the light curve imprinted by the relativistic shadow around the background (“source”) BH. We study this feature by ray tracing in a binary model and predict that 1% of the current binary candidates could show this feature. Our BH tomography method proposed here could make it possible to extract BH shadows that are spatially unresolvable by high-resolution very long base line interferometry (VLBI). article_number: '191101' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Jordy full_name: Davelaar, Jordy last_name: Davelaar - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman citation: ama: 'Davelaar J, Haiman Z. Self-Lensing flares from black hole binaries: Observing black hole shadows via light curve tomography. Physical Review Letters. 2022;128(19). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.128.191101' apa: 'Davelaar, J., & Haiman, Z. (2022). Self-Lensing flares from black hole binaries: Observing black hole shadows via light curve tomography. Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.128.191101' chicago: 'Davelaar, Jordy, and Zoltán Haiman. “Self-Lensing Flares from Black Hole Binaries: Observing Black Hole Shadows via Light Curve Tomography.” Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.128.191101.' ieee: 'J. Davelaar and Z. Haiman, “Self-Lensing flares from black hole binaries: Observing black hole shadows via light curve tomography,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 128, no. 19. American Physical Society, 2022.' ista: 'Davelaar J, Haiman Z. 2022. Self-Lensing flares from black hole binaries: Observing black hole shadows via light curve tomography. Physical Review Letters. 128(19), 191101.' mla: 'Davelaar, Jordy, and Zoltán Haiman. “Self-Lensing Flares from Black Hole Binaries: Observing Black Hole Shadows via Light Curve Tomography.” Physical Review Letters, vol. 128, no. 19, 191101, American Physical Society, 2022, doi:10.1103/physrevlett.128.191101.' short: J. Davelaar, Z. Haiman, Physical Review Letters 128 (2022). date_created: 2024-09-05T10:07:30Z date_published: 2022-05-09T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-18T09:24:54Z day: '09' doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.191101 extern: '1' external_id: arxiv: - '2112.05829' intvolume: ' 128' issue: '19' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: ' https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2112.05829' month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint publication: Physical Review Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 0031-9007 - 1079-7114 publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Self-Lensing flares from black hole binaries: Observing black hole shadows via light curve tomography' type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 128 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17553' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Linear analysis of gas flows around orbiting binaries suggests that a centrifugal barrier ought to clear a low-density cavity around the binary and inhibit mass transfer onto it. Modern hydrodynamics simulations have confirmed the low-density cavity, but show that any mass flowing from large scales into the circumbinary disk is eventually transferred onto the binary components. Even though many numerical studies confirm this picture, it is still not understood precisely how gas parcels overcome the centrifugal barrier and ultimately accrete. We present a detailed analysis of the binary accretion process, using an accurate prescription for evolving grid-based hydrodynamics with Lagrangian tracer particles that track the trajectories of individual gas parcels. We find that binary accretion can be described in four phases: (1) gas is viscously transported through the circumbinary disk up to the centrifugal barrier at the cavity wall, (2) the cavity wall is tidally distorted into accretion streams consisting of near-ballistic gas parcels on eccentric orbits, (3) the portion of each stream moving inwards of an ``accretion horizon'''' radius r¯≃a -- the radius beyond which no material is returned to the cavity wall -- becomes bound to a minidisk orbiting an individual binary component, and (4) the minidisk gas accretes onto the binary component through the combined effect of viscous and tidal stresses.' article_number: '24' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Christopher full_name: Tiede, Christopher last_name: Tiede - first_name: Jonathan full_name: Zrake, Jonathan last_name: Zrake - first_name: Andrew full_name: MacFadyen, Andrew last_name: MacFadyen - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman citation: ama: 'Tiede C, Zrake J, MacFadyen A, Haiman Z. How binaries accrete: Hydrodynamic simulations with passive tracer particles. The Astrophysical Journal. 2022;932(1). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c2b' apa: 'Tiede, C., Zrake, J., MacFadyen, A., & Haiman, Z. (2022). How binaries accrete: Hydrodynamic simulations with passive tracer particles. The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c2b' chicago: 'Tiede, Christopher, Jonathan Zrake, Andrew MacFadyen, and Zoltán Haiman. “How Binaries Accrete: Hydrodynamic Simulations with Passive Tracer Particles.” The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c2b.' ieee: 'C. Tiede, J. Zrake, A. MacFadyen, and Z. Haiman, “How binaries accrete: Hydrodynamic simulations with passive tracer particles,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 932, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, 2022.' ista: 'Tiede C, Zrake J, MacFadyen A, Haiman Z. 2022. How binaries accrete: Hydrodynamic simulations with passive tracer particles. The Astrophysical Journal. 932(1), 24.' mla: 'Tiede, Christopher, et al. “How Binaries Accrete: Hydrodynamic Simulations with Passive Tracer Particles.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 932, no. 1, 24, American Astronomical Society, 2022, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c2b.' short: C. Tiede, J. Zrake, A. MacFadyen, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal 932 (2022). date_created: 2024-09-05T10:17:13Z date_published: 2022-06-13T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-18T10:18:01Z day: '13' doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c2b extern: '1' intvolume: ' 932' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c2b month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: The Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: issn: - 0004-637X - 1538-4357 publication_status: published publisher: American Astronomical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'How binaries accrete: Hydrodynamic simulations with passive tracer particles' type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 932 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17560' abstract: - lang: eng text: Observations of the most luminous quasars at high redshifts (z>6) have revealed that the largest supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at those epochs tend to be substantially overmassive relative to their host galaxies compared to the local relations, suggesting they experienced rapid early growth phases. We propose an assembly model for the SMBHs that end up in rare massive ∼1012 M⊙ host halos at z∼6−7, applying a kinetic feedback prescription for BHs accreting above the Eddington rate, provided by radiation hydrodynamic simulations for the long-term evolution of the accretion-flow structure. The large inflow rates into these halos during their assembly enable the formation of >109 M⊙ SMBHs by z∼6, even starting from stellar-mass seeds at z∼30, and even in the presence of outflows that reduce the BH feeding rate, especially at early times. This mechanism also naturally yields a high BH-to-galaxy mass ratio of >0.01 before the SMBH mass reaches MBH>109 M⊙ by z∼6. These fast-growing SMBH progenitors are bright enough to be detected by upcoming observations with the James Webb Space Telescope over a wide range of redshift (7The Astrophysical Journal. 2022;935(2). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac7daa' apa: 'Hu, H., Inayoshi, K., Haiman, Z., Li, W., Quataert, E., & Kuiper, R. (2022). Supercritical growth pathway to overmassive black holes at cosmic dawn: Coevolution with massive quasar hosts. The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac7daa' chicago: 'Hu, Haojie, Kohei Inayoshi, Zoltán Haiman, Wenxiu Li, Eliot Quataert, and Rolf Kuiper. “Supercritical Growth Pathway to Overmassive Black Holes at Cosmic Dawn: Coevolution with Massive Quasar Hosts.” The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac7daa.' ieee: 'H. Hu, K. Inayoshi, Z. Haiman, W. Li, E. Quataert, and R. Kuiper, “Supercritical growth pathway to overmassive black holes at cosmic dawn: Coevolution with massive quasar hosts,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 935, no. 2. American Astronomical Society, 2022.' ista: 'Hu H, Inayoshi K, Haiman Z, Li W, Quataert E, Kuiper R. 2022. Supercritical growth pathway to overmassive black holes at cosmic dawn: Coevolution with massive quasar hosts. The Astrophysical Journal. 935(2), 140.' mla: 'Hu, Haojie, et al. “Supercritical Growth Pathway to Overmassive Black Holes at Cosmic Dawn: Coevolution with Massive Quasar Hosts.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 935, no. 2, 140, American Astronomical Society, 2022, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac7daa.' short: H. Hu, K. Inayoshi, Z. Haiman, W. Li, E. Quataert, R. Kuiper, The Astrophysical Journal 935 (2022). date_created: 2024-09-05T12:00:42Z date_published: 2022-08-23T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-18T12:31:26Z day: '23' doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac7daa extern: '1' intvolume: ' 935' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac7daa month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: The Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: issn: - 0004-637X - 1538-4357 publication_status: published publisher: American Astronomical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Supercritical growth pathway to overmassive black holes at cosmic dawn: Coevolution with massive quasar hosts' type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 935 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17561' abstract: - lang: eng text: Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can funnel stars and stellar remnants from the vicinity of the galactic center into the inner plane of the AGN disk. Stars reaching this inner region can be tidally disrupted by the stellar-mass black holes in the disk. Such micro tidal disruption events (micro-TDEs) could be a useful probe of stellar interaction with the AGN disk. We find that micro-TDEs in AGNs occur at a rate of ∼170 Gpc−3 yr−1. Their cleanest observational probe may be the electromagnetic detection of tidal disruption in AGNs by heavy supermassive black holes (M• ≳ 108 M⊙) that cannot tidally disrupt solar-type stars. The reconstructed rate of such events from observations, nonetheless, appears to be much lower than our estimated micro-TDE rate. We discuss two such micro-TDE candidates observed to date (ASASSN-15lh and ZTF19aailpwl). article_number: L28 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Y. full_name: Yang, Y. last_name: Yang - first_name: I. full_name: Bartos, I. last_name: Bartos - first_name: G. full_name: Fragione, G. last_name: Fragione - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman - first_name: M. full_name: Kowalski, M. last_name: Kowalski - first_name: S. full_name: Márka, S. last_name: Márka - first_name: R. full_name: Perna, R. last_name: Perna - first_name: H. full_name: Tagawa, H. last_name: Tagawa citation: ama: Yang Y, Bartos I, Fragione G, et al. Tidal disruption on stellar-mass black holes in active galactic nuclei. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2022;933(2). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac7c0b apa: Yang, Y., Bartos, I., Fragione, G., Haiman, Z., Kowalski, M., Márka, S., … Tagawa, H. (2022). Tidal disruption on stellar-mass black holes in active galactic nuclei. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac7c0b chicago: Yang, Y., I. Bartos, G. Fragione, Zoltán Haiman, M. Kowalski, S. Márka, R. Perna, and H. Tagawa. “Tidal Disruption on Stellar-Mass Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters. American Astronomical Society, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac7c0b. ieee: Y. Yang et al., “Tidal disruption on stellar-mass black holes in active galactic nuclei,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 933, no. 2. American Astronomical Society, 2022. ista: Yang Y, Bartos I, Fragione G, Haiman Z, Kowalski M, Márka S, Perna R, Tagawa H. 2022. Tidal disruption on stellar-mass black holes in active galactic nuclei. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 933(2), L28. mla: Yang, Y., et al. “Tidal Disruption on Stellar-Mass Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 933, no. 2, L28, American Astronomical Society, 2022, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac7c0b. short: Y. Yang, I. Bartos, G. Fragione, Z. Haiman, M. Kowalski, S. Márka, R. Perna, H. Tagawa, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 933 (2022). date_created: 2024-09-05T12:01:54Z date_published: 2022-07-07T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-18T12:38:14Z day: '07' doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac7c0b extern: '1' intvolume: ' 933' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac7c0b month: '07' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 2041-8205 - 2041-8213 publication_status: published publisher: American Astronomical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Tidal disruption on stellar-mass black holes in active galactic nuclei type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 933 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17562' abstract: - lang: eng text: Ongoing and planned weak lensing (WL) surveys are becoming deep enough to contain information on angular scales down to a few arcmin. To fully extract information from these small scales, we must capture non-Gaussian features in the cosmological WL signal while accurately accounting for baryonic effects. In this work, we account for baryonic physics via a baryonic correction model that modifies the matter distribution in dark matter-only N-body simulations, mimicking the effects of galaxy formation and feedback. We implement this model in a large suite of ray-tracing simulations, spanning a grid of cosmological models in Ωm−σ8 space. We then develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture to learn and constrain cosmological and baryonic parameters simultaneously from the simulated WL convergence maps. We find that in a Hyper-Suprime Cam-like survey, our CNN achieves a 1.7× tighter constraint in Ωm−σ8 space (1σ area) than the power spectrum and 2.1× tighter than the peak counts, showing that the CNN can efficiently extract non-Gaussian cosmological information even while marginalizing over baryonic effects. When we combine our CNN with the power spectrum, the baryonic effects degrade the constraint in Ωm−σ8 space by a factor of 2.4, compared to the much worse degradation by a factor of 4.7 or 3.7 from either method alone. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Tianhuan full_name: Lu, Tianhuan last_name: Lu - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman - first_name: José Manuel full_name: Zorrilla Matilla, José Manuel last_name: Zorrilla Matilla citation: ama: Lu T, Haiman Z, Zorrilla Matilla JM. Simultaneously constraining cosmology and baryonic physics via deep learning from weak lensing. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2022;511(1):1518-1528. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac161 apa: Lu, T., Haiman, Z., & Zorrilla Matilla, J. M. (2022). Simultaneously constraining cosmology and baryonic physics via deep learning from weak lensing. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac161 chicago: Lu, Tianhuan, Zoltán Haiman, and José Manuel Zorrilla Matilla. “Simultaneously Constraining Cosmology and Baryonic Physics via Deep Learning from Weak Lensing.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac161. ieee: T. Lu, Z. Haiman, and J. M. Zorrilla Matilla, “Simultaneously constraining cosmology and baryonic physics via deep learning from weak lensing,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 511, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 1518–1528, 2022. ista: Lu T, Haiman Z, Zorrilla Matilla JM. 2022. Simultaneously constraining cosmology and baryonic physics via deep learning from weak lensing. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 511(1), 1518–1528. mla: Lu, Tianhuan, et al. “Simultaneously Constraining Cosmology and Baryonic Physics via Deep Learning from Weak Lensing.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 511, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2022, pp. 1518–28, doi:10.1093/mnras/stac161. short: T. Lu, Z. Haiman, J.M. Zorrilla Matilla, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 511 (2022) 1518–1528. date_created: 2024-09-05T12:02:56Z date_published: 2022-01-28T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-18T12:41:52Z day: '28' doi: 10.1093/mnras/stac161 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 511' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac161 month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 1518-1528 publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society publication_identifier: issn: - 0035-8711 - 1365-2966 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Simultaneously constraining cosmology and baryonic physics via deep learning from weak lensing type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 511 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17563' abstract: - lang: eng text: "In order to extract full cosmological information from next-generation large and high-precision weak lensing (WL) surveys (e.g., Euclid, Roman, and LSST), higher-order statistics that probe the small-scale, nonlinear regime of large-scale structure (LSS) need to be utilized. WL peak counts, which trace overdensities in the cosmic web, are one promising and simple statistic for constraining cosmological parameters. The physical origin of WL peaks have previously been linked to dark matter halos along the line of sight, and this peak-halo connection has been used to develop various semianalytic halo-based models for predicting peak counts. Here, we study the origin of WL peaks and the effectiveness of halo-based models for WL peak counts using a suite of ray-tracing N-body simulations. We compare WL peaks in convergence maps from the full simulations to those in maps created from only particles associated with halos—the latter playing the role of a “perfect” halo model. We find that, while halo-only contributions are able to replicate peak counts qualitatively well, halos do not explain all WL peaks. Halos particularly underpredict negative peaks, which are associated with local overdensities in large-scale underdense regions along the line of sight. In addition, neglecting nonhalo contributions to peaks counts leads to a significant bias on the parameters (Ωm, \U0001D70E8) for surveys larger than ⪆100  deg2. We conclude that other elements of the cosmic web, outside and far away from dark matter halos, need to be incorporated into models of WL peaks in order to infer unbiased cosmological constraints." article_number: '023505' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Alina full_name: Sabyr, Alina last_name: Sabyr - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman - first_name: José Manuel Zorrilla full_name: Matilla, José Manuel Zorrilla last_name: Matilla - first_name: Tianhuan full_name: Lu, Tianhuan last_name: Lu citation: ama: 'Sabyr A, Haiman Z, Matilla JMZ, Lu T. Cosmological constraints from weak lensing peaks: Can halo models accurately predict peak counts? Physical Review D. 2022;105(2). doi:10.1103/physrevd.105.023505' apa: 'Sabyr, A., Haiman, Z., Matilla, J. M. Z., & Lu, T. (2022). Cosmological constraints from weak lensing peaks: Can halo models accurately predict peak counts? Physical Review D. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.105.023505' chicago: 'Sabyr, Alina, Zoltán Haiman, José Manuel Zorrilla Matilla, and Tianhuan Lu. “Cosmological Constraints from Weak Lensing Peaks: Can Halo Models Accurately Predict Peak Counts?” Physical Review D. American Physical Society, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.105.023505.' ieee: 'A. Sabyr, Z. Haiman, J. M. Z. Matilla, and T. Lu, “Cosmological constraints from weak lensing peaks: Can halo models accurately predict peak counts?,” Physical Review D, vol. 105, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2022.' ista: 'Sabyr A, Haiman Z, Matilla JMZ, Lu T. 2022. Cosmological constraints from weak lensing peaks: Can halo models accurately predict peak counts? Physical Review D. 105(2), 023505.' mla: 'Sabyr, Alina, et al. “Cosmological Constraints from Weak Lensing Peaks: Can Halo Models Accurately Predict Peak Counts?” Physical Review D, vol. 105, no. 2, 023505, American Physical Society, 2022, doi:10.1103/physrevd.105.023505.' short: A. Sabyr, Z. Haiman, J.M.Z. Matilla, T. Lu, Physical Review D 105 (2022). date_created: 2024-09-05T12:03:46Z date_published: 2022-01-07T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-18T12:52:58Z day: '07' doi: 10.1103/physrevd.105.023505 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 105' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.023505 month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Physical Review D publication_identifier: issn: - 2470-0010 - 2470-0029 publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Cosmological constraints from weak lensing peaks: Can halo models accurately predict peak counts?' type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 105 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17568' abstract: - lang: eng text: Stellar-mass BHs (sBHs) are predicted to be embedded in active galactic nuclei (AGN) disks due to gravitational drag and in-situ star formation. However, we find that due to a high gas density in an AGN disk environment, compact objects may rapidly grow to intermediate-mass BHs and deplete matter from the AGN disk unless accretion is suppressed by some feedback process(es). These consequences are inconsistent with AGN observations and the dynamics of the Galactic center. Here we consider mechanical feedback mechanisms for the reduction of gas accretion. Rapidly accreting sBHs launch winds and/or jets via the Blandford-Znajek mechanism, which produce high-pressure shocks and cocoons. Such a shock and cocoon can spread laterally in the plane of the disk, eject the outer regions of a circum-sBH disk (CsBD) and puncture a hole in the AGN disk with horizontal size comparable to the disk scale-height. Since the depletion timescale of the bound CsBD is much shorter than the resupply timescale of gas to the sBH, the time-averaged accretion rate onto sBHs is reduced by this process by a factor of ∼10--100. This feedback mechanism can therefore help alleviate the sBH over-growth and AGN-disk depletion problems. On the other hand, we find that cocoons of jets can unbind a large fraction of the gas accreting in the disks of less massive SMBHs, which may help explain the dearth of high-Eddington ratio AGNs with SMBH mass ≲105M⊙. article_number: '41' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Hiromichi full_name: Tagawa, Hiromichi last_name: Tagawa - first_name: Shigeo S. full_name: Kimura, Shigeo S. last_name: Kimura - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman - first_name: Rosalba full_name: Perna, Rosalba last_name: Perna - first_name: Hidekazu full_name: Tanaka, Hidekazu last_name: Tanaka - first_name: Imre full_name: Bartos, Imre last_name: Bartos citation: ama: Tagawa H, Kimura SS, Haiman Z, Perna R, Tanaka H, Bartos I. Can stellar-mass black hole growth disrupt disks of active galactic nuclei? The role of mechanical feedback. The Astrophysical Journal. 2022;927(1). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac45f8 apa: Tagawa, H., Kimura, S. S., Haiman, Z., Perna, R., Tanaka, H., & Bartos, I. (2022). Can stellar-mass black hole growth disrupt disks of active galactic nuclei? The role of mechanical feedback. The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac45f8 chicago: Tagawa, Hiromichi, Shigeo S. Kimura, Zoltán Haiman, Rosalba Perna, Hidekazu Tanaka, and Imre Bartos. “Can Stellar-Mass Black Hole Growth Disrupt Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei? The Role of Mechanical Feedback.” The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac45f8. ieee: H. Tagawa, S. S. Kimura, Z. Haiman, R. Perna, H. Tanaka, and I. Bartos, “Can stellar-mass black hole growth disrupt disks of active galactic nuclei? The role of mechanical feedback,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 927, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, 2022. ista: Tagawa H, Kimura SS, Haiman Z, Perna R, Tanaka H, Bartos I. 2022. Can stellar-mass black hole growth disrupt disks of active galactic nuclei? The role of mechanical feedback. The Astrophysical Journal. 927(1), 41. mla: Tagawa, Hiromichi, et al. “Can Stellar-Mass Black Hole Growth Disrupt Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei? The Role of Mechanical Feedback.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 927, no. 1, 41, American Astronomical Society, 2022, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac45f8. short: H. Tagawa, S.S. Kimura, Z. Haiman, R. Perna, H. Tanaka, I. Bartos, The Astrophysical Journal 927 (2022). date_created: 2024-09-05T12:13:22Z date_published: 2022-03-03T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-18T14:57:06Z day: '03' doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac45f8 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 927' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac45f8 month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: The Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: issn: - 0004-637X - 1538-4357 publication_status: published publisher: American Astronomical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Can stellar-mass black hole growth disrupt disks of active galactic nuclei? The role of mechanical feedback type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 927 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17571' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'The existence of 109 M⊙ supermassive black holes (SMBHs) within the first billion years of the Universe remains a puzzle in our conventional understanding of black hole formation and growth. Several suggested formation pathways for these SMBHs lead to a heavy seed, with an initial black hole mass of 104–106 M⊙. This can lead to an overly massive BH galaxy (OMBG), whose nuclear black hole’s mass is comparable to or even greater than the surrounding stellar mass: the black hole to stellar mass ratio is Mbh/M* ≫ 10−3, well in excess of the typical values at lower redshift. We investigate how long these newborn BHs remain outliers in the Mbh − M* relation, by exploring the subsequent evolution of two OMBGs previously identified in the Renaissance simulations. We find that both OMBGs have Mbh/M* > 1 during their entire life, from their birth at z ≈ 15 until they merge with much more massive haloes at z ≈ 8. We find that the OMBGs are spatially resolvable from their more massive, 1011 M⊙, neighbouring haloes until their mergers are complete at z ≈ 8. This affords a window for future observations with JWST and sensitive X-ray telescopes to diagnose the heavy-seed scenario, by detecting similar OMBGs and establishing their uniquely high black hole-to-stellar mass ratio.' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Matthew T full_name: Scoggins, Matthew T last_name: Scoggins - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman - first_name: John H full_name: Wise, John H last_name: Wise citation: ama: Scoggins MT, Haiman Z, Wise JH. How long do high redshift massive black hole seeds remain outliers in black hole versus host galaxy relations? Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2022;519(2):2155-2168. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3715 apa: Scoggins, M. T., Haiman, Z., & Wise, J. H. (2022). How long do high redshift massive black hole seeds remain outliers in black hole versus host galaxy relations? Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3715 chicago: Scoggins, Matthew T, Zoltán Haiman, and John H Wise. “How Long Do High Redshift Massive Black Hole Seeds Remain Outliers in Black Hole versus Host Galaxy Relations?” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3715. ieee: M. T. Scoggins, Z. Haiman, and J. H. Wise, “How long do high redshift massive black hole seeds remain outliers in black hole versus host galaxy relations?,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 519, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 2155–2168, 2022. ista: Scoggins MT, Haiman Z, Wise JH. 2022. How long do high redshift massive black hole seeds remain outliers in black hole versus host galaxy relations? Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 519(2), 2155–2168. mla: Scoggins, Matthew T., et al. “How Long Do High Redshift Massive Black Hole Seeds Remain Outliers in Black Hole versus Host Galaxy Relations?” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 519, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2022, pp. 2155–68, doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3715. short: M.T. Scoggins, Z. Haiman, J.H. Wise, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 519 (2022) 2155–2168. date_created: 2024-09-05T12:14:22Z date_published: 2022-12-20T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-19T07:18:22Z day: '20' doi: 10.1093/mnras/stac3715 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 519' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3715 month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 2155-2168 publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society publication_identifier: issn: - 0035-8711 - 1365-2966 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: How long do high redshift massive black hole seeds remain outliers in black hole versus host galaxy relations? type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 519 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17572' abstract: - lang: eng text: The LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA Collaboration recently detected gravitational waves (GWs) from the merger of black hole–neutron star (BHNS) binary systems GW200105 and GW200115. No coincident electromagnetic (EM) counterparts were detected. While the mass ratio and BH spin in both systems were not sufficient to tidally disrupt the NS outside the BH event horizon, other, magnetospheric mechanisms for EM emission exist in this regime and depend sensitively on the NS magnetic field strength. Combining GW measurements with EM flux upper limits, we place upper limits on the NS surface magnetic field strength above which magnetospheric emission models would have generated an observable EM counterpart. We consider fireball models powered by the black hole battery mechanism, where energy is output in gamma rays over ≲1 s. Consistency with no detection by Fermi-GBM or INTEGRAL SPI-ACS constrains the NS surface magnetic field to ≲1015 G. Hence, joint GW detection and EM upper limits rule out the theoretical possibility that the NSs in GW200105 and GW200115, and the putative NS in GW190814, retain dipolar magnetic fields ≳1015 G until merger. They also rule out formation scenarios where strongly magnetized magnetars quickly merge with BHs. We alternatively rule out operation of the BH-battery-powered fireball mechanism in these systems. This is the first multimessenger constraint on NS magnetic fields in BHNS systems and a novel approach to probe fields at this point in NS evolution. This demonstrates the constraining power that multimessenger analyses of BHNS mergers have on BHNS formation scenarios, NS magnetic field evolution, and the physics of BHNS magnetospheric interactions. article_number: '56' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Daniel J. full_name: D’Orazio, Daniel J. last_name: D’Orazio - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman - first_name: Janna full_name: Levin, Janna last_name: Levin - first_name: Johan full_name: Samsing, Johan last_name: Samsing - first_name: Alejandro full_name: Vigna-Gómez, Alejandro last_name: Vigna-Gómez citation: ama: D’Orazio DJ, Haiman Z, Levin J, Samsing J, Vigna-Gómez A. Multimessenger constraints on magnetic fields in merging black hole–neutron star binaries. The Astrophysical Journal. 2022;927(1). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac4bdb apa: D’Orazio, D. J., Haiman, Z., Levin, J., Samsing, J., & Vigna-Gómez, A. (2022). Multimessenger constraints on magnetic fields in merging black hole–neutron star binaries. The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4bdb chicago: D’Orazio, Daniel J., Zoltán Haiman, Janna Levin, Johan Samsing, and Alejandro Vigna-Gómez. “Multimessenger Constraints on Magnetic Fields in Merging Black Hole–Neutron Star Binaries.” The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4bdb. ieee: D. J. D’Orazio, Z. Haiman, J. Levin, J. Samsing, and A. Vigna-Gómez, “Multimessenger constraints on magnetic fields in merging black hole–neutron star binaries,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 927, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, 2022. ista: D’Orazio DJ, Haiman Z, Levin J, Samsing J, Vigna-Gómez A. 2022. Multimessenger constraints on magnetic fields in merging black hole–neutron star binaries. The Astrophysical Journal. 927(1), 56. mla: D’Orazio, Daniel J., et al. “Multimessenger Constraints on Magnetic Fields in Merging Black Hole–Neutron Star Binaries.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 927, no. 1, 56, American Astronomical Society, 2022, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac4bdb. short: D.J. D’Orazio, Z. Haiman, J. Levin, J. Samsing, A. Vigna-Gómez, The Astrophysical Journal 927 (2022). date_created: 2024-09-05T12:15:46Z date_published: 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-19T07:25:13Z doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac4bdb extern: '1' intvolume: ' 927' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4bdb month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: The Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: issn: - 0004-637X - 1538-4357 publication_status: published publisher: American Astronomical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Multimessenger constraints on magnetic fields in merging black hole–neutron star binaries type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 927 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17576' abstract: - lang: eng text: Ultra-high angular resolution in astronomy has always been an important vehicle for making fundamental discoveries. Recent results in direct imaging of the vicinity of the supermassive black hole in the nucleus of the radio galaxy M87 by the millimeter VLBI system Event Horizon Telescope and various pioneering results of the Space VLBI mission RadioAstron provided new momentum in high angular resolution astrophysics. In both mentioned cases, the angular resolution reached the values of about 10–20 microarcseconds (0.05–0.1 nanoradian). Further developments towards at least an order of magnitude “sharper” values, at the level of 1 microarcsecond are dictated by the needs of advanced astrophysical studies. The paper emphasis that these higher values can only be achieved by placing millimeter and submillimeter wavelength interferometric systems in space. A concept of such the system, called Terahertz Exploration and Zooming-in for Astrophysics, has been proposed in the framework of the ESA Call for White Papers for the Voyage 2050 long term plan in 2019. In the current paper we present new science objectives for such the concept based on recent results in studies of active galactic nuclei and supermassive black holes. We also discuss several approaches for addressing technological challenges of creating a millimeter/sub-millimeter wavelength interferometric system in space. In particular, we consider a novel configuration of a space-borne millimeter/sub-millimeter antenna which might resolve several bottlenecks in creating large precise mechanical structures. The paper also presents an overview of prospective space-qualified technologies of low-noise analogue front-end instrumentation for millimeter/sub-millimeter telescopes. Data handling and processing instrumentation is another key technological component of a sub-millimeter Space VLBI system. Requirements and possible implementation options for this instrumentation are described as an extrapolation of the current state-of-the-art Earth-based VLBI data transport and processing instrumentation. The paper also briefly discusses approaches to the interferometric baseline state vector determination and synchronisation and heterodyning system. The technology-oriented sections of the paper do not aim at presenting a complete set of technological solutions for sub-millimeter (terahertz) space-borne interferometers. Rather, in combination with the original ESA Voyage 2050 White Paper, it sharpens the case for the next generation microarcsecond-level imaging instruments and provides starting points for further in-depth technology trade-off studies. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Leonid I. full_name: Gurvits, Leonid I. last_name: Gurvits - first_name: Zsolt full_name: Paragi, Zsolt last_name: Paragi - first_name: Ricardo I. full_name: Amils, Ricardo I. last_name: Amils - first_name: Ilse full_name: van Bemmel, Ilse last_name: van Bemmel - first_name: Paul full_name: Boven, Paul last_name: Boven - first_name: Viviana full_name: Casasola, Viviana last_name: Casasola - first_name: John full_name: Conway, John last_name: Conway - first_name: Jordy full_name: Davelaar, Jordy last_name: Davelaar - first_name: M. Carmen full_name: Díez-González, M. Carmen last_name: Díez-González - first_name: Heino full_name: Falcke, Heino last_name: Falcke - first_name: Rob full_name: Fender, Rob last_name: Fender - first_name: Sándor full_name: Frey, Sándor last_name: Frey - first_name: Christian M. full_name: Fromm, Christian M. last_name: Fromm - first_name: Juan D. full_name: Gallego-Puyol, Juan D. last_name: Gallego-Puyol - first_name: Cristina full_name: García-Miró, Cristina last_name: García-Miró - first_name: Michael A. full_name: Garrett, Michael A. last_name: Garrett - first_name: Marcello full_name: Giroletti, Marcello last_name: Giroletti - first_name: Ciriaco full_name: Goddi, Ciriaco last_name: Goddi - first_name: José L. full_name: Gómez, José L. last_name: Gómez - first_name: Jeffrey full_name: van der Gucht, Jeffrey last_name: van der Gucht - first_name: José Carlos full_name: Guirado, José Carlos last_name: Guirado - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman - first_name: Frank full_name: Helmich, Frank last_name: Helmich - first_name: Ben full_name: Hudson, Ben last_name: Hudson - first_name: Elizabeth full_name: Humphreys, Elizabeth last_name: Humphreys - first_name: Violette full_name: Impellizzeri, Violette last_name: Impellizzeri - first_name: Michael full_name: Janssen, Michael last_name: Janssen - first_name: Michael D. full_name: Johnson, Michael D. last_name: Johnson - first_name: Yuri Y. full_name: Kovalev, Yuri Y. last_name: Kovalev - first_name: Michael full_name: Kramer, Michael last_name: Kramer - first_name: Michael full_name: Lindqvist, Michael last_name: Lindqvist - first_name: Hendrik full_name: Linz, Hendrik last_name: Linz - first_name: Elisabetta full_name: Liuzzo, Elisabetta last_name: Liuzzo - first_name: Andrei P. full_name: Lobanov, Andrei P. last_name: Lobanov - first_name: Isaac full_name: López-Fernández, Isaac last_name: López-Fernández - first_name: Inmaculada full_name: Malo-Gómez, Inmaculada last_name: Malo-Gómez - first_name: Kunal full_name: Masania, Kunal last_name: Masania - first_name: Yosuke full_name: Mizuno, Yosuke last_name: Mizuno - first_name: Alexander V. full_name: Plavin, Alexander V. last_name: Plavin - first_name: Raj T. full_name: Rajan, Raj T. last_name: Rajan - first_name: Luciano full_name: Rezzolla, Luciano last_name: Rezzolla - first_name: Freek full_name: Roelofs, Freek last_name: Roelofs - first_name: Eduardo full_name: Ros, Eduardo last_name: Ros - first_name: Kazi L.J. full_name: Rygl, Kazi L.J. last_name: Rygl - first_name: Tuomas full_name: Savolainen, Tuomas last_name: Savolainen - first_name: Karl full_name: Schuster, Karl last_name: Schuster - first_name: Tiziana full_name: Venturi, Tiziana last_name: Venturi - first_name: Marjolein full_name: Verkouter, Marjolein last_name: Verkouter - first_name: Pablo full_name: de Vicente, Pablo last_name: de Vicente - first_name: Pieter N.A.M. full_name: Visser, Pieter N.A.M. last_name: Visser - first_name: Martina C. full_name: Wiedner, Martina C. last_name: Wiedner - first_name: Maciek full_name: Wielgus, Maciek last_name: Wielgus - first_name: Kaj full_name: Wiik, Kaj last_name: Wiik - first_name: J. Anton full_name: Zensus, J. Anton last_name: Zensus citation: ama: Gurvits LI, Paragi Z, Amils RI, et al. The science case and challenges of space-borne sub-millimeter interferometry. Acta Astronautica. 2022;196:314-333. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.04.020 apa: Gurvits, L. I., Paragi, Z., Amils, R. I., van Bemmel, I., Boven, P., Casasola, V., … Zensus, J. A. (2022). The science case and challenges of space-borne sub-millimeter interferometry. Acta Astronautica. Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.04.020 chicago: Gurvits, Leonid I., Zsolt Paragi, Ricardo I. Amils, Ilse van Bemmel, Paul Boven, Viviana Casasola, John Conway, et al. “The Science Case and Challenges of Space-Borne Sub-Millimeter Interferometry.” Acta Astronautica. Elsevier BV, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.04.020. ieee: L. I. Gurvits et al., “The science case and challenges of space-borne sub-millimeter interferometry,” Acta Astronautica, vol. 196. Elsevier BV, pp. 314–333, 2022. ista: Gurvits LI, Paragi Z, Amils RI, van Bemmel I, Boven P, Casasola V, Conway J, Davelaar J, Díez-González MC, Falcke H, Fender R, Frey S, Fromm CM, Gallego-Puyol JD, García-Miró C, Garrett MA, Giroletti M, Goddi C, Gómez JL, van der Gucht J, Guirado JC, Haiman Z, Helmich F, Hudson B, Humphreys E, Impellizzeri V, Janssen M, Johnson MD, Kovalev YY, Kramer M, Lindqvist M, Linz H, Liuzzo E, Lobanov AP, López-Fernández I, Malo-Gómez I, Masania K, Mizuno Y, Plavin AV, Rajan RT, Rezzolla L, Roelofs F, Ros E, Rygl KLJ, Savolainen T, Schuster K, Venturi T, Verkouter M, de Vicente P, Visser PNAM, Wiedner MC, Wielgus M, Wiik K, Zensus JA. 2022. The science case and challenges of space-borne sub-millimeter interferometry. Acta Astronautica. 196, 314–333. mla: Gurvits, Leonid I., et al. “The Science Case and Challenges of Space-Borne Sub-Millimeter Interferometry.” Acta Astronautica, vol. 196, Elsevier BV, 2022, pp. 314–33, doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.04.020. short: L.I. Gurvits, Z. Paragi, R.I. Amils, I. van Bemmel, P. Boven, V. Casasola, J. Conway, J. Davelaar, M.C. Díez-González, H. Falcke, R. Fender, S. Frey, C.M. Fromm, J.D. Gallego-Puyol, C. García-Miró, M.A. Garrett, M. Giroletti, C. Goddi, J.L. Gómez, J. van der Gucht, J.C. Guirado, Z. Haiman, F. Helmich, B. Hudson, E. Humphreys, V. Impellizzeri, M. Janssen, M.D. Johnson, Y.Y. Kovalev, M. Kramer, M. Lindqvist, H. Linz, E. Liuzzo, A.P. Lobanov, I. López-Fernández, I. Malo-Gómez, K. Masania, Y. Mizuno, A.V. Plavin, R.T. Rajan, L. Rezzolla, F. Roelofs, E. Ros, K.L.J. Rygl, T. Savolainen, K. Schuster, T. Venturi, M. Verkouter, P. de Vicente, P.N.A.M. Visser, M.C. Wiedner, M. Wielgus, K. Wiik, J.A. Zensus, Acta Astronautica 196 (2022) 314–333. date_created: 2024-09-05T12:19:08Z date_published: 2022-05-06T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-19T08:01:42Z day: '06' doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.04.020 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 196' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.04.020 month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 314-333 publication: Acta Astronautica publication_identifier: issn: - 0094-5765 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier BV quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The science case and challenges of space-borne sub-millimeter interferometry type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 196 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '17580' abstract: - lang: eng text: We present a study of optically selected dual Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) with projected separations of 3–97 kpc. Using multiwavelength (MWL) information (optical, X-ray, mid-IR), we characterized the intrinsic nuclear properties of this sample and compared them with those of isolated systems. Among the 124 X-ray-detected AGN candidates, 52 appear in pairs and 72 as single X-ray sources. Through MWL analysis, we confirmed the presence of the AGN in >80 per cent of the detected targets in pairs (42 out of 52). X-ray spectral analysis confirms the trend of increasing AGN luminosity with decreasing separation, suggesting that mergers may have contributed to triggering more luminous AGN. Through X-ray/mid-IR ratio versus X-ray colours, we estimated a fraction of Compton-thin AGN (with 1022 cm−2 < NH < 1024 cm−2) of about 80 per cent, while about 16 per cent are Compton-thick sources (with NH > 1024 cm−2). These fractions of obscured sources are larger than those found in samples of isolated AGN, confirming that pairs of AGN show higher obscuration. This trend is further confirmed by comparing the de-reddened [O iii] emission with the observed X-ray luminosity. However, the derived fraction of Compton-thick sources in this sample at the early stages of merging is lower than that reported for late-merging dual-AGN samples. Comparing NH from X-rays with that derived from E(B − V) from narrow-line regions, we found that the absorbing material is likely to be associated with the torus or broad-line regions. We also explored the X-ray detection efficiency of dual-AGN candidates, finding that, when observed properly (at on-axis positions and with long exposures), X-ray data represent a powerful way to confirm and investigate dual-AGN systems. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Alessandra full_name: De Rosa, Alessandra last_name: De Rosa - first_name: Cristian full_name: Vignali, Cristian last_name: Vignali - first_name: Paola full_name: Severgnini, Paola last_name: Severgnini - first_name: Stefano full_name: Bianchi, Stefano last_name: Bianchi - first_name: Tamara full_name: Bogdanović, Tamara last_name: Bogdanović - first_name: Maria full_name: Charisi, Maria last_name: Charisi - first_name: Matteo full_name: Guainazzi, Matteo last_name: Guainazzi - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman - first_name: S full_name: Komossa, S last_name: Komossa - first_name: Zsolt full_name: Paragi, Zsolt last_name: Paragi - first_name: Miguel full_name: Perez-Torres, Miguel last_name: Perez-Torres - first_name: Enrico full_name: Piconcelli, Enrico last_name: Piconcelli - first_name: Lorenzo full_name: Ducci, Lorenzo last_name: Ducci - first_name: Manali full_name: Parvatikar, Manali last_name: Parvatikar - first_name: Roberto full_name: Serafinelli, Roberto last_name: Serafinelli citation: ama: De Rosa A, Vignali C, Severgnini P, et al. The X-ray view of optically selected dual AGN. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2022;519(4):5149-5160. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3664 apa: De Rosa, A., Vignali, C., Severgnini, P., Bianchi, S., Bogdanović, T., Charisi, M., … Serafinelli, R. (2022). The X-ray view of optically selected dual AGN. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3664 chicago: De Rosa, Alessandra, Cristian Vignali, Paola Severgnini, Stefano Bianchi, Tamara Bogdanović, Maria Charisi, Matteo Guainazzi, et al. “The X-Ray View of Optically Selected Dual AGN.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3664. ieee: A. De Rosa et al., “The X-ray view of optically selected dual AGN,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 519, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 5149–5160, 2022. ista: De Rosa A, Vignali C, Severgnini P, Bianchi S, Bogdanović T, Charisi M, Guainazzi M, Haiman Z, Komossa S, Paragi Z, Perez-Torres M, Piconcelli E, Ducci L, Parvatikar M, Serafinelli R. 2022. The X-ray view of optically selected dual AGN. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 519(4), 5149–5160. mla: De Rosa, Alessandra, et al. “The X-Ray View of Optically Selected Dual AGN.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 519, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2022, pp. 5149–60, doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3664. short: A. De Rosa, C. Vignali, P. Severgnini, S. Bianchi, T. Bogdanović, M. Charisi, M. Guainazzi, Z. Haiman, S. Komossa, Z. Paragi, M. Perez-Torres, E. Piconcelli, L. Ducci, M. Parvatikar, R. Serafinelli, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 519 (2022) 5149–5160. date_created: 2024-09-05T12:23:59Z date_published: 2022-12-15T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-19T11:24:50Z day: '15' doi: 10.1093/mnras/stac3664 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 519' issue: '4' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3664 month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: None page: 5149-5160 publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society publication_identifier: issn: - 0035-8711 - 1365-2966 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The X-ray view of optically selected dual AGN type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 519 year: '2022' ...