---
_id: '8586'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of cellular specimens provides insights
into biological processes and structures within a native context. However, a major
challenge still lies in the efficient and reproducible preparation of adherent
cells for subsequent cryo-EM analysis. This is due to the sensitivity of many
cellular specimens to the varying seeding and culturing conditions required for
EM experiments, the often limited amount of cellular material and also the fragility
of EM grids and their substrate. Here, we present low-cost and reusable 3D printed
grid holders, designed to improve specimen preparation when culturing challenging
cellular samples directly on grids. The described grid holders increase cell culture
reproducibility and throughput, and reduce the resources required for cell culturing.
We show that grid holders can be integrated into various cryo-EM workflows, including
micro-patterning approaches to control cell seeding on grids, and for generating
samples for cryo-focused ion beam milling and cryo-electron tomography experiments.
Their adaptable design allows for the generation of specialized grid holders customized
to a large variety of applications.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: ScienComp
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: Bio
- _id: EM-Fac
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, P33367)
to FKMS. BZ acknowledges support by the Niederösterreich Fond. This research was
also supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of IST Austria through resources
provided by Scientific Computing (SciComp), the Life Science Facility (LSF), the
BioImaging Facility (BIF) and the Electron Microscopy Facility (EMF). We thank Georgi
Dimchev (IST Austria) and Sonja Jacob (Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities) for testing
our grid holders in different experimental setups and Daniel Gütl and the Kondrashov
group (IST Austria) for granting us repeated access to their 3D printers. We also
thank Jonna Alanko and the Sixt lab (IST Austria) for providing us HeLa cells, primary
BL6 mouse tail fibroblasts, NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and human telomerase immortalised
foreskin fibroblasts for our experiments. We are thankful to Ori Avinoam and William
Wan for helpful comments on the manuscript and also thank Dorotea Fracchiolla (Art&Science)
for illustrating the graphical abstract.
article_number: '107633'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Florian
full_name: Fäßler, Florian
id: 404F5528-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Fäßler
orcid: 0000-0001-7149-769X
- first_name: Bettina
full_name: Zens, Bettina
id: 45FD126C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Zens
orcid: 0000-0002-9561-1239
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Hauschild, Robert
id: 4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hauschild
orcid: 0000-0001-9843-3522
- first_name: Florian KM
full_name: Schur, Florian KM
id: 48AD8942-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Schur
orcid: 0000-0003-4790-8078
citation:
ama: Fäßler F, Zens B, Hauschild R, Schur FK. 3D printed cell culture grid holders
for improved cellular specimen preparation in cryo-electron microscopy. Journal
of Structural Biology. 2020;212(3). doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107633
apa: Fäßler, F., Zens, B., Hauschild, R., & Schur, F. K. (2020). 3D printed
cell culture grid holders for improved cellular specimen preparation in cryo-electron
microscopy. Journal of Structural Biology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107633
chicago: Fäßler, Florian, Bettina Zens, Robert Hauschild, and Florian KM Schur.
“3D Printed Cell Culture Grid Holders for Improved Cellular Specimen Preparation
in Cryo-Electron Microscopy.” Journal of Structural Biology. Elsevier,
2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107633.
ieee: F. Fäßler, B. Zens, R. Hauschild, and F. K. Schur, “3D printed cell culture
grid holders for improved cellular specimen preparation in cryo-electron microscopy,”
Journal of Structural Biology, vol. 212, no. 3. Elsevier, 2020.
ista: Fäßler F, Zens B, Hauschild R, Schur FK. 2020. 3D printed cell culture grid
holders for improved cellular specimen preparation in cryo-electron microscopy.
Journal of Structural Biology. 212(3), 107633.
mla: Fäßler, Florian, et al. “3D Printed Cell Culture Grid Holders for Improved
Cellular Specimen Preparation in Cryo-Electron Microscopy.” Journal of Structural
Biology, vol. 212, no. 3, 107633, Elsevier, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107633.
short: F. Fäßler, B. Zens, R. Hauschild, F.K. Schur, Journal of Structural Biology
212 (2020).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-09-29T13:24:06Z
date_published: 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-02T22:30:02Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: FlSc
doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107633
external_id:
isi:
- '000600997800008'
pmid:
- '32987119'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: c48cbf594e84fc2f91966ffaafc0918c
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-12-10T14:01:10Z
date_updated: 2020-12-10T14:01:10Z
file_id: '8937'
file_name: 2020_JourStrucBiology_Faessler.pdf
file_size: 7076870
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-12-10T14:01:10Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 212'
isi: 1
issue: '3'
keyword:
- electron microscopy
- cryo-EM
- EM sample preparation
- 3D printing
- cell culture
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 9B954C5C-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
grant_number: P33367
name: Structure and isoform diversity of the Arp2/3 complex
- _id: 059B463C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
name: NÖ-Fonds Preis für die Jungforscherin des Jahres am IST Austria
publication: Journal of Structural Biology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1047-8477
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '14592'
relation: used_in_publication
status: public
- id: '12491'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 3D printed cell culture grid holders for improved cellular specimen preparation
in cryo-electron microscopy
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 212
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7473'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: How structural and functional properties of synapses relate to each other
is a fundamental question in neuroscience. Electrophysiology has elucidated mechanisms
of synaptic transmission, and electron microscopy (EM) has provided insight into
morphological properties of synapses. Here we describe an enhanced method for
functional EM (“flash and freeze”), combining optogenetic stimulation with high-pressure
freezing. We demonstrate that the improved method can be applied to intact networks
in acute brain slices and organotypic slice cultures from mice. As a proof of
concept, we probed vesicle pool changes during synaptic transmission at the hippocampal
mossy fiber-CA3 pyramidal neuron synapse. Our findings show overlap of the docked
vesicle pool and the functionally defined readily releasable pool and provide
evidence of fast endocytosis at this synapse. Functional EM with acute slices
and slice cultures has the potential to reveal the structural and functional mechanisms
of transmission in intact, genetically perturbed, and disease-affected synapses.
acknowledgement: This project has received funding from the European Research Council
(ERC) and European Commission (EC), under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
and innovation programme (ERC grant agreement No. 692692 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie
708497) and from Fonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Z 312-B27
Wittgenstein award and DK W1205-B09). We thank Johann Danzl and Ryuichi Shigemoto
for critically reading the manuscript; Walter Kaufmann, Daniel Gutl, and Vanessa
Zheden for extensive EM training, advice, and experimental assistance; Benjamin
Suter for substantial help with light stimulation, ImageJ plugins for analysis,
and manuscript editing; Florian Marr and Christina Altmutter for technical support;
Eleftheria Kralli-Beller for manuscript editing; Julia König and Paul Wurzinger
(Leica Microsystems) for helpful technical discussions; and Taija Makinen for providing
the Prox1-CreERT2 mouse line.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Carolina
full_name: Borges Merjane, Carolina
id: 4305C450-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Borges Merjane
orcid: 0000-0003-0005-401X
- first_name: Olena
full_name: Kim, Olena
id: 3F8ABDDA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kim
orcid: 0000-0003-2344-1039
- first_name: Peter M
full_name: Jonas, Peter M
id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jonas
orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804
citation:
ama: Borges Merjane C, Kim O, Jonas PM. Functional electron microscopy (“Flash and
Freeze”) of identified cortical synapses in acute brain slices. Neuron.
2020;105:992-1006. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.022
apa: Borges Merjane, C., Kim, O., & Jonas, P. M. (2020). Functional electron
microscopy (“Flash and Freeze”) of identified cortical synapses in acute brain
slices. Neuron. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.022
chicago: Borges Merjane, Carolina, Olena Kim, and Peter M Jonas. “Functional Electron
Microscopy (‘Flash and Freeze’) of Identified Cortical Synapses in Acute Brain
Slices.” Neuron. Elsevier, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.022.
ieee: C. Borges Merjane, O. Kim, and P. M. Jonas, “Functional electron microscopy
(‘Flash and Freeze’) of identified cortical synapses in acute brain slices,” Neuron,
vol. 105. Elsevier, pp. 992–1006, 2020.
ista: Borges Merjane C, Kim O, Jonas PM. 2020. Functional electron microscopy (“Flash
and Freeze”) of identified cortical synapses in acute brain slices. Neuron. 105,
992–1006.
mla: Borges Merjane, Carolina, et al. “Functional Electron Microscopy (‘Flash and
Freeze’) of Identified Cortical Synapses in Acute Brain Slices.” Neuron,
vol. 105, Elsevier, 2020, pp. 992–1006, doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.022.
short: C. Borges Merjane, O. Kim, P.M. Jonas, Neuron 105 (2020) 992–1006.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-02-10T15:59:45Z
date_published: 2020-03-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-02T22:30:03Z
day: '18'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: PeJo
doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.022
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000520854700008'
pmid:
- '31928842'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 3582664addf26859e86ac5bec3e01416
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-11-20T08:58:53Z
date_updated: 2020-11-20T08:58:53Z
file_id: '8778'
file_name: 2020_Neuron_BorgesMerjane.pdf
file_size: 9712957
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-11-20T08:58:53Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 105'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 992-1006
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25B7EB9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '692692'
name: Biophysics and circuit function of a giant cortical glutamatergic synapse
- _id: 25BAF7B2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '708497'
name: Presynaptic calcium channels distribution and impact on coupling at the hippocampal
mossy fiber synapse
- _id: 25C5A090-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: Z00312
name: Synaptic communication in neuronal microcircuits
- _id: 25C3DBB6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: W01205
name: Zellkommunikation in Gesundheit und Krankheit
publication: Neuron
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0896-6273
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on IST Homepage
relation: press_release
url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/flash-and-freeze-reveals-dynamics-of-nerve-connections/
record:
- id: '11196'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Functional electron microscopy (“Flash and Freeze”) of identified cortical
synapses in acute brain slices
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 105
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7387'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Most bacteria accomplish cell division with the help of a dynamic protein
complex called the divisome, which spans the cell envelope in the plane of division.
Assembly and activation of this machinery are coordinated by the tubulin-related
GTPase FtsZ, which was found to form treadmilling filaments on supported bilayers
in vitro1, as well as in live cells, in which filaments circle around the cell
division site2,3. Treadmilling of FtsZ is thought to actively move proteins around
the division septum, thereby distributing peptidoglycan synthesis and coordinating
the inward growth of the septum to form the new poles of the daughter cells4.
However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this function are largely unknown.
Here, to study how FtsZ polymerization dynamics are coupled to downstream proteins,
we reconstituted part of the bacterial cell division machinery using its purified
components FtsZ, FtsA and truncated transmembrane proteins essential for cell
division. We found that the membrane-bound cytosolic peptides of FtsN and FtsQ
co-migrated with treadmilling FtsZ–FtsA filaments, but despite their directed
collective behaviour, individual peptides showed random motion and transient confinement.
Our work suggests that divisome proteins follow treadmilling FtsZ filaments by
a diffusion-and-capture mechanism, which can give rise to a moving zone of signalling
activity at the division site.
acknowledgement: We acknowledge members of the Loose laboratory at IST Austria for
helpful discussions—in particular, P. Caldas for help with the treadmilling analysis,
M. Jimenez, A. Raso and N. Ropero for providing Alexa Fluor 488- and Alexa Fluor
647-labelled FtsA for the MST and analytical ultracentrifugation experiments. We
thank C. You for providing the DODA-tris-NTA phospholipids, as well as J. Piehler
and C. Richter (Department of Biology, University of Osnabruck, Germany) for the
SLIMfast single-molecule tracking software and help with the confinement analysis.
We thank J. Errington and H. Murray (both at Newcastle University, UK) for critical
reading of the manuscript, and J. Brugués (MPI-CBG and MPI-PKS, Dresden, Germany)
for help with the MATLAB programming and reading of the manuscript. This work was
supported by the European Research Council through grant ERC-2015-StG-679239 to
M.L. and grants HFSP LT 000824/2016-L4 and EMBO ALTF 1163-2015 to N.B., a grant
from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government (BFU2016-75471-C2-1-P)
to C.A. and G.R., and a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator award (101824/Z/13/Z)
and a grant from the BBSRC (BB/R017409/1) to W.V.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Natalia S.
full_name: Baranova, Natalia S.
id: 38661662-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Baranova
orcid: 0000-0002-3086-9124
- first_name: Philipp
full_name: Radler, Philipp
id: 40136C2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Radler
orcid: '0000-0001-9198-2182 '
- first_name: Víctor M.
full_name: Hernández-Rocamora, Víctor M.
last_name: Hernández-Rocamora
- first_name: Carlos
full_name: Alfonso, Carlos
last_name: Alfonso
- first_name: Maria D
full_name: Lopez Pelegrin, Maria D
id: 319AA9CE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Lopez Pelegrin
- first_name: Germán
full_name: Rivas, Germán
last_name: Rivas
- first_name: Waldemar
full_name: Vollmer, Waldemar
last_name: Vollmer
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Loose, Martin
id: 462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Loose
orcid: 0000-0001-7309-9724
citation:
ama: Baranova NS, Radler P, Hernández-Rocamora VM, et al. Diffusion and capture
permits dynamic coupling between treadmilling FtsZ filaments and cell division
proteins. Nature Microbiology. 2020;5:407-417. doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5
apa: Baranova, N. S., Radler, P., Hernández-Rocamora, V. M., Alfonso, C., Lopez
Pelegrin, M. D., Rivas, G., … Loose, M. (2020). Diffusion and capture permits
dynamic coupling between treadmilling FtsZ filaments and cell division proteins.
Nature Microbiology. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5
chicago: Baranova, Natalia S., Philipp Radler, Víctor M. Hernández-Rocamora, Carlos
Alfonso, Maria D Lopez Pelegrin, Germán Rivas, Waldemar Vollmer, and Martin Loose.
“Diffusion and Capture Permits Dynamic Coupling between Treadmilling FtsZ Filaments
and Cell Division Proteins.” Nature Microbiology. Springer Nature, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5.
ieee: N. S. Baranova et al., “Diffusion and capture permits dynamic coupling
between treadmilling FtsZ filaments and cell division proteins,” Nature Microbiology,
vol. 5. Springer Nature, pp. 407–417, 2020.
ista: Baranova NS, Radler P, Hernández-Rocamora VM, Alfonso C, Lopez Pelegrin MD,
Rivas G, Vollmer W, Loose M. 2020. Diffusion and capture permits dynamic coupling
between treadmilling FtsZ filaments and cell division proteins. Nature Microbiology.
5, 407–417.
mla: Baranova, Natalia S., et al. “Diffusion and Capture Permits Dynamic Coupling
between Treadmilling FtsZ Filaments and Cell Division Proteins.” Nature Microbiology,
vol. 5, Springer Nature, 2020, pp. 407–17, doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5.
short: N.S. Baranova, P. Radler, V.M. Hernández-Rocamora, C. Alfonso, M.D. Lopez
Pelegrin, G. Rivas, W. Vollmer, M. Loose, Nature Microbiology 5 (2020) 407–417.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-01-28T16:14:41Z
date_published: 2020-01-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-02T22:30:10Z
day: '20'
department:
- _id: MaLo
doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0657-5
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000508584700007'
pmid:
- '31959972'
intvolume: ' 5'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: http://europepmc.org/article/PMC/7048620
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 407-417
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 2595697A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '679239'
name: Self-Organization of the Bacterial Cell
- _id: 259B655A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: LT000824/2016
name: Reconstitution of bacterial cell wall synthesis
- _id: 2596EAB6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: ALTF 2015-1163
name: Synthesis of bacterial cell wall
publication: Nature Microbiology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2058-5276
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on IST Homepage
relation: press_release
url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/little-cell-big-cover-story/
record:
- id: '14280'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Diffusion and capture permits dynamic coupling between treadmilling FtsZ filaments
and cell division proteins
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 5
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7888'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Embryonic stem cell cultures are thought to self-organize into embryoid bodies,
able to undergo symmetry-breaking, germ layer specification and even morphogenesis.
Yet, it is unclear how to reconcile this remarkable self-organization capacity
with classical experiments demonstrating key roles for extrinsic biases by maternal
factors and/or extraembryonic tissues in embryogenesis. Here, we show that zebrafish
embryonic tissue explants, prepared prior to germ layer induction and lacking
extraembryonic tissues, can specify all germ layers and form a seemingly complete
mesendoderm anlage. Importantly, explant organization requires polarized inheritance
of maternal factors from dorsal-marginal regions of the blastoderm. Moreover,
induction of endoderm and head-mesoderm, which require peak Nodal-signaling levels,
is highly variable in explants, reminiscent of embryos with reduced Nodal signals
from the extraembryonic tissues. Together, these data suggest that zebrafish explants
do not undergo bona fide self-organization, but rather display features of genetically
encoded self-assembly, where intrinsic genetic programs control the emergence
of order.
article_number: e55190
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Alexandra
full_name: Schauer, Alexandra
id: 30A536BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Schauer
orcid: 0000-0001-7659-9142
- first_name: Diana C
full_name: Nunes Pinheiro, Diana C
id: 2E839F16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Nunes Pinheiro
orcid: 0000-0003-4333-7503
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Hauschild, Robert
id: 4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hauschild
orcid: 0000-0001-9843-3522
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
citation:
ama: Schauer A, Nunes Pinheiro DC, Hauschild R, Heisenberg C-PJ. Zebrafish embryonic
explants undergo genetically encoded self-assembly. eLife. 2020;9. doi:10.7554/elife.55190
apa: Schauer, A., Nunes Pinheiro, D. C., Hauschild, R., & Heisenberg, C.-P.
J. (2020). Zebrafish embryonic explants undergo genetically encoded self-assembly.
ELife. eLife Sciences Publications. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.55190
chicago: Schauer, Alexandra, Diana C Nunes Pinheiro, Robert Hauschild, and Carl-Philipp
J Heisenberg. “Zebrafish Embryonic Explants Undergo Genetically Encoded Self-Assembly.”
ELife. eLife Sciences Publications, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.55190.
ieee: A. Schauer, D. C. Nunes Pinheiro, R. Hauschild, and C.-P. J. Heisenberg, “Zebrafish
embryonic explants undergo genetically encoded self-assembly,” eLife, vol.
9. eLife Sciences Publications, 2020.
ista: Schauer A, Nunes Pinheiro DC, Hauschild R, Heisenberg C-PJ. 2020. Zebrafish
embryonic explants undergo genetically encoded self-assembly. eLife. 9, e55190.
mla: Schauer, Alexandra, et al. “Zebrafish Embryonic Explants Undergo Genetically
Encoded Self-Assembly.” ELife, vol. 9, e55190, eLife Sciences Publications,
2020, doi:10.7554/elife.55190.
short: A. Schauer, D.C. Nunes Pinheiro, R. Hauschild, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, ELife
9 (2020).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-05-25T15:01:40Z
date_published: 2020-04-06T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-02T22:30:12Z
day: '06'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: CaHe
- _id: Bio
doi: 10.7554/elife.55190
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000531544400001'
pmid:
- '32250246'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: f6aad884cf706846ae9357fcd728f8b5
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-05-25T15:15:43Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:04Z
file_id: '7890'
file_name: 2020_eLife_Schauer.pdf
file_size: 7744848
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:04Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 9'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 260F1432-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '742573'
name: Interaction and feedback between cell mechanics and fate specification in
vertebrate gastrulation
- _id: 26B1E39C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: '25239'
name: 'Mesendoderm specification in zebrafish: The role of extraembryonic tissues'
- _id: 26520D1E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: ALTF 850-2017
name: Coordination of mesendoderm cell fate specification and internalization during
zebrafish gastrulation
- _id: 266BC5CE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: LT000429
name: Coordination of mesendoderm fate specification and internalization during
zebrafish gastrulation
publication: eLife
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2050-084X
publication_status: published
publisher: eLife Sciences Publications
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '12891'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Zebrafish embryonic explants undergo genetically encoded self-assembly
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 9
year: '2020'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '7885'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Eukaryotic cells migrate by coupling the intracellular force of the actin
cytoskeleton to the environment. While force coupling is usually mediated by transmembrane
adhesion receptors, especially those of the integrin family, amoeboid cells such
as leukocytes can migrate extremely fast despite very low adhesive forces1. Here
we show that leukocytes cannot only migrate under low adhesion but can also transmit
forces in the complete absence of transmembrane force coupling. When confined
within three-dimensional environments, they use the topographical features of
the substrate to propel themselves. Here the retrograde flow of the actin cytoskeleton
follows the texture of the substrate, creating retrograde shear forces that are
sufficient to drive the cell body forwards. Notably, adhesion-dependent and adhesion-independent
migration are not mutually exclusive, but rather are variants of the same principle
of coupling retrograde actin flow to the environment and thus can potentially
operate interchangeably and simultaneously. As adhesion-free migration is independent
of the chemical composition of the environment, it renders cells completely autonomous
in their locomotive behaviour.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: M-Shop
acknowledgement: We thank A. Leithner and J. Renkawitz for discussion and critical
reading of the manuscript; J. Schwarz and M. Mehling for establishing the microfluidic
setups; the Bioimaging Facility of IST Austria for excellent support, as well as
the Life Science Facility and the Miba Machine Shop of IST Austria; and F. N. Arslan,
L. E. Burnett and L. Li for their work during their rotation in the IST PhD programme.
This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC StG 281556 and CoG
724373) to M.S. and grants from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF P29911) and the WWTF
to M.S. M.H. was supported by the European Regional Development Fund Project (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000476).
F.G. received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 747687.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Anne
full_name: Reversat, Anne
id: 35B76592-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Reversat
orcid: 0000-0003-0666-8928
- first_name: Florian R
full_name: Gärtner, Florian R
id: 397A88EE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Gärtner
orcid: 0000-0001-6120-3723
- first_name: Jack
full_name: Merrin, Jack
id: 4515C308-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Merrin
orcid: 0000-0001-5145-4609
- first_name: Julian A
full_name: Stopp, Julian A
id: 489E3F00-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Stopp
- first_name: Saren
full_name: Tasciyan, Saren
id: 4323B49C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Tasciyan
orcid: 0000-0003-1671-393X
- first_name: Juan L
full_name: Aguilera Servin, Juan L
id: 2A67C376-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Aguilera Servin
orcid: 0000-0002-2862-8372
- first_name: Ingrid
full_name: De Vries, Ingrid
id: 4C7D837E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: De Vries
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Hauschild, Robert
id: 4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hauschild
orcid: 0000-0001-9843-3522
- first_name: Miroslav
full_name: Hons, Miroslav
id: 4167FE56-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hons
orcid: 0000-0002-6625-3348
- first_name: Matthieu
full_name: Piel, Matthieu
last_name: Piel
- first_name: Andrew
full_name: Callan-Jones, Andrew
last_name: Callan-Jones
- first_name: Raphael
full_name: Voituriez, Raphael
last_name: Voituriez
- first_name: Michael K
full_name: Sixt, Michael K
id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sixt
orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
citation:
ama: Reversat A, Gärtner FR, Merrin J, et al. Cellular locomotion using environmental
topography. Nature. 2020;582:582–585. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z
apa: Reversat, A., Gärtner, F. R., Merrin, J., Stopp, J. A., Tasciyan, S., Aguilera
Servin, J. L., … Sixt, M. K. (2020). Cellular locomotion using environmental topography.
Nature. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z
chicago: Reversat, Anne, Florian R Gärtner, Jack Merrin, Julian A Stopp, Saren Tasciyan,
Juan L Aguilera Servin, Ingrid de Vries, et al. “Cellular Locomotion Using Environmental
Topography.” Nature. Springer Nature, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z.
ieee: A. Reversat et al., “Cellular locomotion using environmental topography,”
Nature, vol. 582. Springer Nature, pp. 582–585, 2020.
ista: Reversat A, Gärtner FR, Merrin J, Stopp JA, Tasciyan S, Aguilera Servin JL,
de Vries I, Hauschild R, Hons M, Piel M, Callan-Jones A, Voituriez R, Sixt MK.
2020. Cellular locomotion using environmental topography. Nature. 582, 582–585.
mla: Reversat, Anne, et al. “Cellular Locomotion Using Environmental Topography.”
Nature, vol. 582, Springer Nature, 2020, pp. 582–585, doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z.
short: A. Reversat, F.R. Gärtner, J. Merrin, J.A. Stopp, S. Tasciyan, J.L. Aguilera
Servin, I. de Vries, R. Hauschild, M. Hons, M. Piel, A. Callan-Jones, R. Voituriez,
M.K. Sixt, Nature 582 (2020) 582–585.
date_created: 2020-05-24T22:01:01Z
date_published: 2020-06-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-02T22:30:14Z
day: '25'
department:
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: Bio
- _id: MiSi
doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2283-z
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000532688300008'
pmid:
- '32581372'
intvolume: ' 582'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/793919
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 582–585
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25A603A2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '281556'
name: Cytoskeletal force generation and force transduction of migrating leukocytes
- _id: 25FE9508-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '724373'
name: Cellular Navigation Along Spatial Gradients
- _id: 26018E70-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: P29911
name: Mechanical adaptation of lamellipodial actin
- _id: 260AA4E2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '747687'
name: Mechanical Adaptation of Lamellipodial Actin Networks in Migrating Cells
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1476-4687
issn:
- 0028-0836
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on IST Homepage
relation: press_release
url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/off-road-mode-enables-mobile-cells-to-move-freely/
record:
- id: '12401'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '14697'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Cellular locomotion using environmental topography
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 582
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '9198'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "The optimization of multilayer neural networks typically leads to a solution\r\nwith
zero training error, yet the landscape can exhibit spurious local minima\r\nand
the minima can be disconnected. In this paper, we shed light on this\r\nphenomenon:
we show that the combination of stochastic gradient descent (SGD)\r\nand over-parameterization
makes the landscape of multilayer neural networks\r\napproximately connected and
thus more favorable to optimization. More\r\nspecifically, we prove that SGD solutions
are connected via a piecewise linear\r\npath, and the increase in loss along this
path vanishes as the number of\r\nneurons grows large. This result is a consequence
of the fact that the\r\nparameters found by SGD are increasingly dropout stable
as the network becomes\r\nwider. We show that, if we remove part of the neurons
(and suitably rescale the\r\nremaining ones), the change in loss is independent
of the total number of\r\nneurons, and it depends only on how many neurons are
left. Our results exhibit\r\na mild dependence on the input dimension: they are
dimension-free for two-layer\r\nnetworks and depend linearly on the dimension
for multilayer networks. We\r\nvalidate our theoretical findings with numerical
experiments for different\r\narchitectures and classification tasks."
acknowledgement: M. Mondelli was partially supported by the 2019 LopezLoreta Prize.
The authors thank Phan-Minh Nguyen for helpful discussions and the IST Distributed
Algorithms and Systems Lab for providing computational resources.
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Aleksandr
full_name: Shevchenko, Aleksandr
id: F2B06EC2-C99E-11E9-89F0-752EE6697425
last_name: Shevchenko
- first_name: Marco
full_name: Mondelli, Marco
id: 27EB676C-8706-11E9-9510-7717E6697425
last_name: Mondelli
orcid: 0000-0002-3242-7020
citation:
ama: 'Shevchenko A, Mondelli M. Landscape connectivity and dropout stability of
SGD solutions for over-parameterized neural networks. In: Proceedings of the
37th International Conference on Machine Learning. Vol 119. ML Research Press;
2020:8773-8784.'
apa: Shevchenko, A., & Mondelli, M. (2020). Landscape connectivity and dropout
stability of SGD solutions for over-parameterized neural networks. In Proceedings
of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning (Vol. 119, pp. 8773–8784).
ML Research Press.
chicago: Shevchenko, Aleksandr, and Marco Mondelli. “Landscape Connectivity and
Dropout Stability of SGD Solutions for Over-Parameterized Neural Networks.” In
Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning, 119:8773–84.
ML Research Press, 2020.
ieee: A. Shevchenko and M. Mondelli, “Landscape connectivity and dropout stability
of SGD solutions for over-parameterized neural networks,” in Proceedings of
the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning, 2020, vol. 119, pp.
8773–8784.
ista: Shevchenko A, Mondelli M. 2020. Landscape connectivity and dropout stability
of SGD solutions for over-parameterized neural networks. Proceedings of the 37th
International Conference on Machine Learning. vol. 119, 8773–8784.
mla: Shevchenko, Aleksandr, and Marco Mondelli. “Landscape Connectivity and Dropout
Stability of SGD Solutions for Over-Parameterized Neural Networks.” Proceedings
of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning, vol. 119, ML Research
Press, 2020, pp. 8773–84.
short: A. Shevchenko, M. Mondelli, in:, Proceedings of the 37th International Conference
on Machine Learning, ML Research Press, 2020, pp. 8773–8784.
date_created: 2021-02-25T09:36:22Z
date_published: 2020-07-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-02T22:30:15Z
day: '13'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: MaMo
- _id: DaAl
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1912.10095'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: f042c8d4316bd87c6361aa76f1fbdbbe
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2021-03-02T15:38:14Z
date_updated: 2021-03-02T15:38:14Z
file_id: '9217'
file_name: 2020_PMLR_Shevchenko.pdf
file_size: 5336380
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-03-02T15:38:14Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 119'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 8773-8784
project:
- _id: 059876FA-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
name: Prix Lopez-Loretta 2019 - Marco Mondelli
publication: Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning
publication_status: published
publisher: ML Research Press
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '17465'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
status: public
title: Landscape connectivity and dropout stability of SGD solutions for over-parameterized
neural networks
type: conference
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
volume: 119
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7815'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Beginning from a limited pool of progenitors, the mammalian cerebral cortex
forms highly organized functional neural circuits. However, the underlying cellular
and molecular mechanisms regulating lineage transitions of neural stem cells (NSCs)
and eventual production of neurons and glia in the developing neuroepithelium
remains unclear. Methods to trace NSC division patterns and map the lineage of
clonally related cells have advanced dramatically. However, many contemporary
lineage tracing techniques suffer from the lack of cellular resolution of progeny
cell fate, which is essential for deciphering progenitor cell division patterns.
Presented is a protocol using mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM) to perform
in vivo clonal analysis. MADM concomitantly manipulates individual progenitor
cells and visualizes precise division patterns and lineage progression at unprecedented
single cell resolution. MADM-based interchromosomal recombination events during
the G2-X phase of mitosis, together with temporally inducible CreERT2, provide
exact information on the birth dates of clones and their division patterns. Thus,
MADM lineage tracing provides unprecedented qualitative and quantitative optical
readouts of the proliferation mode of stem cell progenitors at the single cell
level. MADM also allows for examination of the mechanisms and functional requirements
of candidate genes in NSC lineage progression. This method is unique in that comparative
analysis of control and mutant subclones can be performed in the same tissue environment
in vivo. Here, the protocol is described in detail, and experimental paradigms
to employ MADM for clonal analysis and lineage tracing in the developing cerebral
cortex are demonstrated. Importantly, this protocol can be adapted to perform
MADM clonal analysis in any murine stem cell niche, as long as the CreERT2 driver
is present.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: PreCl
article_number: e61147
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Robert J
full_name: Beattie, Robert J
id: 2E26DF60-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Beattie
orcid: 0000-0002-8483-8753
- first_name: Carmen
full_name: Streicher, Carmen
id: 36BCB99C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Streicher
- first_name: Nicole
full_name: Amberg, Nicole
id: 4CD6AAC6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Amberg
orcid: 0000-0002-3183-8207
- first_name: Giselle T
full_name: Cheung, Giselle T
id: 471195F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cheung
orcid: 0000-0001-8457-2572
- first_name: Ximena
full_name: Contreras, Ximena
id: 475990FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Contreras
- first_name: Andi H
full_name: Hansen, Andi H
id: 38853E16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hansen
- first_name: Simon
full_name: Hippenmeyer, Simon
id: 37B36620-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hippenmeyer
orcid: 0000-0003-2279-1061
citation:
ama: Beattie RJ, Streicher C, Amberg N, et al. Lineage tracing and clonal analysis
in developing cerebral cortex using mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM).
Journal of Visual Experiments. 2020;(159). doi:10.3791/61147
apa: Beattie, R. J., Streicher, C., Amberg, N., Cheung, G. T., Contreras, X., Hansen,
A. H., & Hippenmeyer, S. (2020). Lineage tracing and clonal analysis in developing
cerebral cortex using mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM). Journal of
Visual Experiments. MyJove Corporation. https://doi.org/10.3791/61147
chicago: Beattie, Robert J, Carmen Streicher, Nicole Amberg, Giselle T Cheung, Ximena
Contreras, Andi H Hansen, and Simon Hippenmeyer. “Lineage Tracing and Clonal Analysis
in Developing Cerebral Cortex Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM).”
Journal of Visual Experiments. MyJove Corporation, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3791/61147.
ieee: R. J. Beattie et al., “Lineage tracing and clonal analysis in developing
cerebral cortex using mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM),” Journal
of Visual Experiments, no. 159. MyJove Corporation, 2020.
ista: Beattie RJ, Streicher C, Amberg N, Cheung GT, Contreras X, Hansen AH, Hippenmeyer
S. 2020. Lineage tracing and clonal analysis in developing cerebral cortex using
mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM). Journal of Visual Experiments. (159),
e61147.
mla: Beattie, Robert J., et al. “Lineage Tracing and Clonal Analysis in Developing
Cerebral Cortex Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM).” Journal
of Visual Experiments, no. 159, e61147, MyJove Corporation, 2020, doi:10.3791/61147.
short: R.J. Beattie, C. Streicher, N. Amberg, G.T. Cheung, X. Contreras, A.H. Hansen,
S. Hippenmeyer, Journal of Visual Experiments (2020).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-05-11T08:31:20Z
date_published: 2020-05-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-02T22:30:18Z
day: '08'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: SiHi
doi: 10.3791/61147
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000546406600043'
pmid:
- '32449730'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 3154ea7f90b9fb45e084cd1c2770597d
content_type: application/pdf
creator: rbeattie
date_created: 2020-05-11T08:28:38Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:03Z
file_id: '7816'
file_name: jove-protocol-61147-lineage-tracing-clonal-analysis-developing-cerebral-cortex-using.pdf
file_size: 1352186
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:03Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
isi: 1
issue: '159'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 264E56E2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: M02416
name: Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Gliogenesis in the Neocortex
- _id: 268F8446-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: T01031
name: Role of Eed in neural stem cell lineage progression
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '754411'
name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 2625A13E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: '24812'
name: Molecular mechanisms of radial neuronal migration
- _id: 260018B0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '725780'
name: Principles of Neural Stem Cell Lineage Progression in Cerebral Cortex Development
publication: Journal of Visual Experiments
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1940-087X
publication_status: published
publisher: MyJove Corporation
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '7902'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Lineage tracing and clonal analysis in developing cerebral cortex using mosaic
analysis with double markers (MADM)
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2020'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
_id: '7902'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Mosaic genetic analysis has been widely used in different model organisms
such as the fruit fly to study gene-function in a cell-autonomous or tissue-specific
fashion. More recently, and less easily conducted, mosaic genetic analysis in
mice has also been enabled with the ambition to shed light on human gene function
and disease. These genetic tools are of particular interest, but not restricted
to, the study of the brain. Notably, the MADM technology offers a genetic approach
in mice to visualize and concomitantly manipulate small subsets of genetically
defined cells at a clonal level and single cell resolution. MADM-based analysis
has already advanced the study of genetic mechanisms regulating brain development
and is expected that further MADM-based analysis of genetic alterations will continue
to reveal important insights on the fundamental principles of development and
disease to potentially assist in the development of new therapies or treatments.\r\nIn
summary, this work completed and characterized the necessary genome-wide genetic
tools to perform MADM-based analysis at single cell level of the vast majority
of mouse genes in virtually any cell type and provided a protocol to perform lineage
tracing using the novel MADM resource. Importantly, this work also explored and
revealed novel aspects of biologically relevant events in an in vivo context,
such as the chromosome-specific bias of chromatid sister segregation pattern,
the generation of cell-type diversity in the cerebral cortex and in the cerebellum
and finally, the relevance of the interplay between the cell-autonomous gene function
and cell-non-autonomous (community) effects in radial glial progenitor lineage
progression.\r\nThis work provides a foundation and opens the door to further
elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal diversity and astrocyte
generation."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: PreCl
- _id: Bio
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Ximena
full_name: Contreras, Ximena
id: 475990FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Contreras
citation:
ama: Contreras X. Genetic dissection of neural development in health and disease
at single cell resolution. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7902
apa: Contreras, X. (2020). Genetic dissection of neural development in health
and disease at single cell resolution. Institute of Science and Technology
Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7902
chicago: Contreras, Ximena. “Genetic Dissection of Neural Development in Health
and Disease at Single Cell Resolution.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7902.
ieee: X. Contreras, “Genetic dissection of neural development in health and disease
at single cell resolution,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Contreras X. 2020. Genetic dissection of neural development in health and
disease at single cell resolution. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Contreras, Ximena. Genetic Dissection of Neural Development in Health and
Disease at Single Cell Resolution. Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7902.
short: X. Contreras, Genetic Dissection of Neural Development in Health and Disease
at Single Cell Resolution, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-05-29T08:27:32Z
date_published: 2020-06-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-06-18T19:12:39Z
day: '05'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
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doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7902
ec_funded: 1
file:
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date_created: 2020-06-05T08:18:08Z
date_updated: 2021-06-07T22:30:03Z
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file_size: 53134142
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file_size: 35117191
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2021-06-07T22:30:03Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '214'
project:
- _id: 260018B0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '725780'
name: Principles of Neural Stem Cell Lineage Progression in Cerebral Cortex Development
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '28'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '7815'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '6830'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Simon
full_name: Hippenmeyer, Simon
id: 37B36620-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hippenmeyer
orcid: 0000-0003-2279-1061
title: Genetic dissection of neural development in health and disease at single cell
resolution
type: dissertation
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8190'
article_number: e202007029
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Michael K
full_name: Sixt, Michael K
id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sixt
orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
- first_name: Anna
full_name: Huttenlocher, Anna
last_name: Huttenlocher
citation:
ama: 'Sixt MK, Huttenlocher A. Zena Werb (1945-2020): Cell biology in context. The
Journal of Cell Biology. 2020;219(8). doi:10.1083/jcb.202007029'
apa: 'Sixt, M. K., & Huttenlocher, A. (2020). Zena Werb (1945-2020): Cell biology
in context. The Journal of Cell Biology. Rockefeller University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202007029'
chicago: 'Sixt, Michael K, and Anna Huttenlocher. “Zena Werb (1945-2020): Cell Biology
in Context.” The Journal of Cell Biology. Rockefeller University Press,
2020. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202007029.'
ieee: 'M. K. Sixt and A. Huttenlocher, “Zena Werb (1945-2020): Cell biology in context,”
The Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 219, no. 8. Rockefeller University Press,
2020.'
ista: 'Sixt MK, Huttenlocher A. 2020. Zena Werb (1945-2020): Cell biology in context.
The Journal of Cell Biology. 219(8), e202007029.'
mla: 'Sixt, Michael K., and Anna Huttenlocher. “Zena Werb (1945-2020): Cell Biology
in Context.” The Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 219, no. 8, e202007029,
Rockefeller University Press, 2020, doi:10.1083/jcb.202007029.'
short: M.K. Sixt, A. Huttenlocher, The Journal of Cell Biology 219 (2020).
date_created: 2020-08-02T22:00:57Z
date_published: 2020-07-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-06-12T07:34:40Z
day: '22'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: MiSi
doi: 10.1083/jcb.202007029
external_id:
isi:
- '000573631000004'
pmid:
- '32699885'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 30016d778d266b8e17d01094917873b8
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-08-04T13:11:52Z
date_updated: 2021-02-02T23:30:03Z
embargo: 2021-02-01
file_id: '8200'
file_name: 2020_JCB_Sixt.pdf
file_size: 830725
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2021-02-02T23:30:03Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 219'
isi: 1
issue: '8'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: The Journal of Cell Biology
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1540-8140
publication_status: published
publisher: Rockefeller University Press
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Zena Werb (1945-2020): Cell biology in context'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_sa.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC
BY-NC-SA 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 219
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8350'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Cytoplasm is a gel-like crowded environment composed of tens of thousands
of macromolecules, organelles, cytoskeletal networks and cytosol. The structure
of the cytoplasm is thought to be highly organized and heterogeneous due to the
crowding of its constituents and their effective compartmentalization. In such
an environment, the diffusive dynamics of the molecules is very restricted, an
effect that is further amplified by clustering and anchoring of molecules. Despite
the jammed nature of the cytoplasm at the microscopic scale, large-scale reorganization
of cytoplasm is essential for important cellular functions, such as nuclear positioning
and cell division. How such mesoscale reorganization of the cytoplasm is achieved,
especially for very large cells such as oocytes or syncytial tissues that can
span hundreds of micrometers in size, has only begun to be understood.\r\nIn this
thesis, I focus on the recent advances in elucidating the molecular, cellular
and biophysical principles underlying cytoplasmic organization across different
scales, structures and species. First, I outline which of these principles have
been identified by reductionist approaches, such as in vitro reconstitution assays,
where boundary conditions and components can be modulated at ease. I then describe
how the theoretical and experimental framework established in these reduced systems
have been applied to their more complex in vivo counterparts, in particular oocytes
and embryonic syncytial structures, and discuss how such complex biological systems
can initiate symmetry breaking and establish patterning.\r\nSpecifically, I examine
an example of large-scale reorganizations taking place in zebrafish embryos, where
extensive cytoplasmic streaming leads to the segregation of cytoplasm from yolk
granules along the animal-vegetal axis of the embryo. Using biophysical experimentation
and theory, I investigate the forces underlying this process, to show that this
process does not rely on cortical actin reorganization, as previously thought,
but instead on a cell-cycle-dependent bulk actin polymerization wave traveling
from the animal to the vegetal pole of the embryo. This wave functions in segregation
by both pulling cytoplasm animally and pushing yolk granules vegetally. Cytoplasm
pulling is mediated by bulk actin network flows exerting friction forces on the
cytoplasm, while yolk granule pushing is achieved by a mechanism closely resembling
actin comet formation on yolk granules. This study defines a novel role of bulk
actin polymerization waves in embryo polarization via cytoplasmic segregation.
Lastly, I describe the cytoplasmic reorganizations taking place during zebrafish
oocyte maturation, where the initial segregation of the cytoplasm and yolk granules
occurs. Here, I demonstrate a previously uncharacterized wave of microtubule aster
formation, traveling the oocyte along the animal-vegetal axis. Further research
is required to determine the role of such microtubule structures in cytoplasmic
reorganizations therein.\r\nCollectively, these studies provide further evidence
for the coupling between cell cytoskeleton and cell cycle machinery, which can
underlie a core self-organizing mechanism for orchestrating large-scale reorganizations
in a cell-cycle-tunable manner, where the modulations of the force-generating
machinery and cytoplasmic mechanics can be harbored to fulfill cellular functions."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: PreCl
- _id: Bio
- _id: EM-Fac
acknowledgement: "I would have had no fish and hence no results without our wonderful
fish facility crew, Verena Mayer, Eva Schlegl, Andreas Mlak and Matthias Nowak.
Special thanks to Verena for being always happy to help and dealing with our chaotic
schedules in the lab. Danke auch, Verena, für deine Geduld, mit mir auf Deutsch
zu sprechen. Das hat mir sehr geholfen.\r\nSpecial thanks to the Bioimaging and
EM facilities at IST Austria for supporting us every day. Very special thanks would
go to Robert Hauschild for his continuous support on data analysis and also to Jack
Merrin for designing and building microfabricated chambers for the project and for
the various discussions on making zebrafish extracts."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Shayan
full_name: Shamipour, Shayan
id: 40B34FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Shamipour
citation:
ama: Shamipour S. Bulk actin dynamics drive phase segregation in zebrafish oocytes
. 2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8350
apa: Shamipour, S. (2020). Bulk actin dynamics drive phase segregation in zebrafish
oocytes . Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8350
chicago: Shamipour, Shayan. “Bulk Actin Dynamics Drive Phase Segregation in Zebrafish
Oocytes .” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8350.
ieee: S. Shamipour, “Bulk actin dynamics drive phase segregation in zebrafish oocytes
,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Shamipour S. 2020. Bulk actin dynamics drive phase segregation in zebrafish
oocytes . Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Shamipour, Shayan. Bulk Actin Dynamics Drive Phase Segregation in Zebrafish
Oocytes . Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8350.
short: S. Shamipour, Bulk Actin Dynamics Drive Phase Segregation in Zebrafish Oocytes
, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-09-09T11:12:10Z
date_published: 2020-09-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-11T07:08:52Z
day: '09'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: BjHo
- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8350
file:
- access_level: closed
checksum: 6e47871c74f85008b9876112eb3fcfa1
content_type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
creator: sshamip
date_created: 2020-09-09T11:06:27Z
date_updated: 2021-09-11T22:30:05Z
embargo_to: open_access
file_id: '8351'
file_name: Shayan-Thesis-Final.docx
file_size: 65194814
relation: source_file
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checksum: 1b44c57f04d7e8a6fe41b1c9c55a52a3
content_type: application/pdf
creator: sshamip
date_created: 2020-09-09T11:06:13Z
date_updated: 2021-09-11T22:30:05Z
embargo: 2021-09-10
file_id: '8352'
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file_size: 23729605
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2021-09-11T22:30:05Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
page: '107'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '7001'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '6508'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '735'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '661'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
- first_name: Björn
full_name: Hof, Björn
id: 3A374330-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hof
orcid: 0000-0003-2057-2754
title: 'Bulk actin dynamics drive phase segregation in zebrafish oocytes '
type: dissertation
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8434'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Efficient migration on adhesive surfaces involves the protrusion of lamellipodial
actin networks and their subsequent stabilization by nascent adhesions. The actin-binding
protein lamellipodin (Lpd) is thought to play a critical role in lamellipodium
protrusion, by delivering Ena/VASP proteins onto the growing plus ends of actin
filaments and by interacting with the WAVE regulatory complex, an activator of
the Arp2/3 complex, at the leading edge. Using B16-F1 melanoma cell lines, we
demonstrate that genetic ablation of Lpd compromises protrusion efficiency and
coincident cell migration without altering essential parameters of lamellipodia,
including their maximal rate of forward advancement and actin polymerization.
We also confirmed lamellipodia and migration phenotypes with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated
Lpd knockout Rat2 fibroblasts, excluding cell type-specific effects. Moreover,
computer-aided analysis of cell-edge morphodynamics on B16-F1 cell lamellipodia
revealed that loss of Lpd correlates with reduced temporal protrusion maintenance
as a prerequisite of nascent adhesion formation. We conclude that Lpd optimizes
protrusion and nascent adhesion formation by counteracting frequent, chaotic retraction
and membrane ruffling.This article has an associated First Person interview with
the first author of the paper. '
acknowledgement: This work was supported in part by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
(DFG)[GRK2223/1, RO2414/5-1 (to K.R.), FA350/11-1 (to M.F.) and FA330/11-1 (to J.F.)],as
well as by intramural funding from the Helmholtz Association (to T.E.B.S. andK.R.).
G.D. was additionally funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) LiseMeitner Program
[M-2495]. A.C.H. and M.W. are supported by the Francis CrickInstitute, which receives
its core funding from Cancer Research UK [FC001209], theMedical Research Council
[FC001209] and the Wellcome Trust [FC001209]. M.K. issupported by the Biotechnology
and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/F011431/1, BB/J000590/1, BB/N000226/1].
Deposited in PMC for release after 6months.
article_number: jcs239020
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Georgi A
full_name: Dimchev, Georgi A
id: 38C393BE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Dimchev
orcid: 0000-0001-8370-6161
- first_name: Behnam
full_name: Amiri, Behnam
last_name: Amiri
- first_name: Ashley C.
full_name: Humphries, Ashley C.
last_name: Humphries
- first_name: Matthias
full_name: Schaks, Matthias
last_name: Schaks
- first_name: Vanessa
full_name: Dimchev, Vanessa
last_name: Dimchev
- first_name: Theresia E. B.
full_name: Stradal, Theresia E. B.
last_name: Stradal
- first_name: Jan
full_name: Faix, Jan
last_name: Faix
- first_name: Matthias
full_name: Krause, Matthias
last_name: Krause
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Way, Michael
last_name: Way
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Falcke, Martin
last_name: Falcke
- first_name: Klemens
full_name: Rottner, Klemens
last_name: Rottner
citation:
ama: Dimchev GA, Amiri B, Humphries AC, et al. Lamellipodin tunes cell migration
by stabilizing protrusions and promoting adhesion formation. Journal of Cell
Science. 2020;133(7). doi:10.1242/jcs.239020
apa: Dimchev, G. A., Amiri, B., Humphries, A. C., Schaks, M., Dimchev, V., Stradal,
T. E. B., … Rottner, K. (2020). Lamellipodin tunes cell migration by stabilizing
protrusions and promoting adhesion formation. Journal of Cell Science.
The Company of Biologists. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.239020
chicago: Dimchev, Georgi A, Behnam Amiri, Ashley C. Humphries, Matthias Schaks,
Vanessa Dimchev, Theresia E. B. Stradal, Jan Faix, et al. “Lamellipodin Tunes
Cell Migration by Stabilizing Protrusions and Promoting Adhesion Formation.” Journal
of Cell Science. The Company of Biologists, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.239020.
ieee: G. A. Dimchev et al., “Lamellipodin tunes cell migration by stabilizing
protrusions and promoting adhesion formation,” Journal of Cell Science,
vol. 133, no. 7. The Company of Biologists, 2020.
ista: Dimchev GA, Amiri B, Humphries AC, Schaks M, Dimchev V, Stradal TEB, Faix
J, Krause M, Way M, Falcke M, Rottner K. 2020. Lamellipodin tunes cell migration
by stabilizing protrusions and promoting adhesion formation. Journal of Cell Science.
133(7), jcs239020.
mla: Dimchev, Georgi A., et al. “Lamellipodin Tunes Cell Migration by Stabilizing
Protrusions and Promoting Adhesion Formation.” Journal of Cell Science,
vol. 133, no. 7, jcs239020, The Company of Biologists, 2020, doi:10.1242/jcs.239020.
short: G.A. Dimchev, B. Amiri, A.C. Humphries, M. Schaks, V. Dimchev, T.E.B. Stradal,
J. Faix, M. Krause, M. Way, M. Falcke, K. Rottner, Journal of Cell Science 133
(2020).
date_created: 2020-09-17T14:00:33Z
date_published: 2020-04-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-04-15T07:52:13Z
day: '09'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: FlSc
doi: 10.1242/jcs.239020
external_id:
isi:
- '000534387800005'
pmid:
- ' 32094266'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: ba917e551acc4ece2884b751434df9ae
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-09-17T14:07:51Z
date_updated: 2020-10-11T22:30:02Z
embargo: 2020-10-10
file_id: '8435'
file_name: 2020_JournalCellScience_Dimchev.pdf
file_size: 13493302
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-10-11T22:30:02Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 133'
isi: 1
issue: '7'
keyword:
- Cell Biology
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 2674F658-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: M02495
name: Protein structure and function in filopodia across scales
publication: Journal of Cell Science
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1477-9137
issn:
- 0021-9533
publication_status: published
publisher: The Company of Biologists
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Lamellipodin tunes cell migration by stabilizing protrusions and promoting
adhesion formation
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 133
year: '2020'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
_id: '8983'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Metabolic adaptation is a critical feature of migrating cells. It tunes the
metabolic programs of migrating cells to allow them to efficiently exert their
crucial roles in development, inflammatory responses and tumor metastasis. Cell
migration through physically challenging contexts requires energy. However, how
the metabolic reprogramming that underlies in vivo cell invasion is controlled
is still unanswered. In my PhD project, I identify a novel conserved metabolic
shift in Drosophila melanogaster immune cells that by modulating their bioenergetic
potential controls developmentally programmed tissue invasion. We show that this
regulation requires a novel conserved nuclear protein, named Atossa. Atossa enhances
the transcription of a set of proteins, including an RNA helicase Porthos and
two metabolic enzymes, each of which increases the tissue invasion of leading
Drosophila macrophages and can rescue the atossa mutant phenotype. Porthos selectively
regulates the translational efficiency of a subset of mRNAs containing a 5’-UTR
cis-regulatory TOP-like sequence. These 5’TOPL mRNA targets encode mitochondrial-related
proteins, including subunits of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)
components III and V and other metabolic-related proteins. Porthos powers up mitochondrial
OXPHOS to engender a sufficient ATP supply, which is required for tissue invasion
of leading macrophages. Atossa’s two vertebrate orthologs rescue the invasion
defect. In my PhD project, I elucidate that Atossa displays a conserved developmental
metabolic control to modulate metabolic capacities and the cellular energy state,
through altered transcription and translation, to aid the tissue infiltration
of leading cells into energy demanding barriers.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: E-Lib
- _id: CampIT
acknowledgement: Also, I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to the Bioimaging
facility, LSF, GSO, library, and IT people at IST Austria.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Shamsi
full_name: Emtenani, Shamsi
id: 49D32318-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Emtenani
orcid: 0000-0001-6981-6938
citation:
ama: Emtenani S. Metabolic regulation of Drosophila macrophage tissue invasion.
2020. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8983
apa: Emtenani, S. (2020). Metabolic regulation of Drosophila macrophage tissue
invasion. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8983
chicago: Emtenani, Shamsi. “Metabolic Regulation of Drosophila Macrophage Tissue
Invasion.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8983.
ieee: S. Emtenani, “Metabolic regulation of Drosophila macrophage tissue invasion,”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Emtenani S. 2020. Metabolic regulation of Drosophila macrophage tissue invasion.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Emtenani, Shamsi. Metabolic Regulation of Drosophila Macrophage Tissue Invasion.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:8983.
short: S. Emtenani, Metabolic Regulation of Drosophila Macrophage Tissue Invasion,
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-12-30T15:41:26Z
date_published: 2020-12-30T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-08T07:28:54Z
day: '30'
ddc:
- '570'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: DaSi
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8983
file:
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checksum: ec2797ab7a6f253b35df0572b36d1b43
content_type: application/pdf
creator: semtenan
date_created: 2020-12-30T15:34:01Z
date_updated: 2021-12-31T23:30:04Z
embargo: 2021-12-30
file_id: '8984'
file_name: Thesis_Shamsi_Emtenani_pdfA.pdf
file_size: 10848175
relation: main_file
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checksum: cc30e6608a9815414024cf548dff3b3a
content_type: application/pdf
creator: semtenan
date_created: 2020-12-30T15:37:36Z
date_updated: 2021-12-31T23:30:04Z
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file_size: 10073648
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file_date_updated: 2021-12-31T23:30:04Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '141'
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '8557'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '6187'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Daria E
full_name: Siekhaus, Daria E
id: 3D224B9E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Siekhaus
orcid: 0000-0001-8323-8353
title: Metabolic regulation of Drosophila macrophage tissue invasion
type: dissertation
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8557'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The infiltration of immune cells into tissues underlies the establishment
of tissue resident macrophages, and responses to infections and tumors. Yet the
mechanisms immune cells utilize to negotiate tissue barriers in living organisms
are not well understood, and a role for cortical actin has not been examined.
Here we find that the tissue invasion of Drosophila macrophages, also known as
plasmatocytes or hemocytes, utilizes enhanced cortical F-actin levels stimulated
by the Drosophila member of the fos proto oncogene transcription factor family
(Dfos, Kayak). RNA sequencing analysis and live imaging show that Dfos enhances
F-actin levels around the entire macrophage surface by increasing mRNA levels
of the membrane spanning molecular scaffold tetraspanin TM4SF, and the actin cross-linking
filamin Cheerio which are themselves required for invasion. Cortical F-actin levels
are critical as expressing a dominant active form of Diaphanous, a actin polymerizing
Formin, can rescue the Dfos Dominant Negative macrophage invasion defect. In vivo
imaging shows that Dfos is required to enhance the efficiency of the initial phases
of macrophage tissue entry. Genetic evidence argues that this Dfos-induced program
in macrophages counteracts the constraint produced by the tension of surrounding
tissues and buffers the mechanical properties of the macrophage nucleus from affecting
tissue entry. We thus identify tuning the cortical actin cytoskeleton through
Dfos as a key process allowing efficient forward movement of an immune cell into
surrounding tissues.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: LifeSc
acknowledgement: 'We thank the following for their contributions: The Drosophila Genomics
Resource Center supported by NIH grant 2P40OD010949-10A1 for plasmids, K. Brueckner.
B. Stramer, M. Uhlirova, O. Schuldiner, the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center
supported by NIH grant P40OD018537 and the Vienna Drosophila Resource Center for
fly stocks, FlyBase (Thurmond et al., 2019) for essential genomic information, and
the BDGP in situ database for data (Tomancak et al., 2002, 2007). For antibodies,
we thank the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, which was created by the Eunice
Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the
NIH, and is maintained at the University of Iowa, as well as J. Zeitlinger for her
generous gift of Dfos antibody. We thank the Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities for
RNA sequencing and analysis and the Life Scientific Service Units at IST Austria
for technical support and assistance with microscopy and FACS analysis. We thank
C.P. Heisenberg, P. Martin, M. Sixt and Siekhaus group members for discussions and
T.Hurd, A. Ratheesh and P. Rangan for comments on the manuscript. A.G. was supported
by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grant DASI_FWF01_P29638S, D.E.S. by Marie Curie
CIG 334077/IRTIM. M.S. is supported by the FWF, PhD program W1212 915 and the European
Research Council (ERC) Advanced grant (ERC-2015-AdG TNT-Tumors 694883). S.W. is
supported by an OEAW, DOC fellowship.'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Vera
full_name: Belyaeva, Vera
id: 47F080FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Belyaeva
- first_name: Stephanie
full_name: Wachner, Stephanie
id: 2A95E7B0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Wachner
- first_name: Igor
full_name: Gridchyn, Igor
id: 4B60654C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Gridchyn
orcid: 0000-0002-1807-1929
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Linder, Markus
last_name: Linder
- first_name: Shamsi
full_name: Emtenani, Shamsi
id: 49D32318-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Emtenani
orcid: 0000-0001-6981-6938
- first_name: Attila
full_name: György, Attila
id: 3BCEDBE0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: György
orcid: 0000-0002-1819-198X
- first_name: Maria
full_name: Sibilia, Maria
last_name: Sibilia
- first_name: Daria E
full_name: Siekhaus, Daria E
id: 3D224B9E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Siekhaus
orcid: 0000-0001-8323-8353
citation:
ama: Belyaeva V, Wachner S, Gridchyn I, et al. Cortical actin properties controlled
by Drosophila Fos aid macrophage infiltration against surrounding tissue resistance.
bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/2020.09.18.301481
apa: Belyaeva, V., Wachner, S., Gridchyn, I., Linder, M., Emtenani, S., György,
A., … Siekhaus, D. E. (n.d.). Cortical actin properties controlled by Drosophila
Fos aid macrophage infiltration against surrounding tissue resistance. bioRxiv.
https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.18.301481
chicago: Belyaeva, Vera, Stephanie Wachner, Igor Gridchyn, Markus Linder, Shamsi
Emtenani, Attila György, Maria Sibilia, and Daria E Siekhaus. “Cortical Actin
Properties Controlled by Drosophila Fos Aid Macrophage Infiltration against Surrounding
Tissue Resistance.” BioRxiv, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.18.301481.
ieee: V. Belyaeva et al., “Cortical actin properties controlled by Drosophila
Fos aid macrophage infiltration against surrounding tissue resistance,” bioRxiv.
.
ista: Belyaeva V, Wachner S, Gridchyn I, Linder M, Emtenani S, György A, Sibilia
M, Siekhaus DE. Cortical actin properties controlled by Drosophila Fos aid macrophage
infiltration against surrounding tissue resistance. bioRxiv, 10.1101/2020.09.18.301481.
mla: Belyaeva, Vera, et al. “Cortical Actin Properties Controlled by Drosophila
Fos Aid Macrophage Infiltration against Surrounding Tissue Resistance.” BioRxiv,
doi:10.1101/2020.09.18.301481.
short: V. Belyaeva, S. Wachner, I. Gridchyn, M. Linder, S. Emtenani, A. György,
M. Sibilia, D.E. Siekhaus, BioRxiv (n.d.).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-09-23T09:36:47Z
date_published: 2020-09-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-02T22:30:21Z
day: '18'
department:
- _id: DaSi
- _id: JoCs
doi: 10.1101/2020.09.18.301481
ec_funded: 1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.18.301481
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
- _id: 253B6E48-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: P29638
name: The role of Drosophila TNF alpha in immune cell invasion
- _id: 2536F660-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '334077'
name: Investigating the role of transporters in invasive migration through junctions
- _id: 26199CA4-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: '24800'
name: Implications of a TGFβ/Dpp-activated subpopulation for Drosophila macrophage
migration
publication: bioRxiv
publication_status: draft
related_material:
record:
- id: '10614'
relation: later_version
status: public
- id: '8983'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
status: public
title: Cortical actin properties controlled by Drosophila Fos aid macrophage infiltration
against surrounding tissue resistance
type: preprint
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2020'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '8002'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Wound healing in plant tissues, consisting of rigid cell wall-encapsulated
cells, represents a considerable challenge and occurs through largely unknown
mechanisms distinct from those in animals. Owing to their inability to migrate,
plant cells rely on targeted cell division and expansion to regenerate wounds.
Strict coordination of these wound-induced responses is essential to ensure efficient,
spatially restricted wound healing. Single-cell tracking by live imaging allowed
us to gain mechanistic insight into the wound perception and coordination of wound
responses after laser-based wounding in Arabidopsis root. We revealed a crucial
contribution of the collapse of damaged cells in wound perception and detected
an auxin increase specific to cells immediately adjacent to the wound. This localized
auxin increase balances wound-induced cell expansion and restorative division
rates in a dose-dependent manner, leading to tumorous overproliferation when the
canonical TIR1 auxin signaling is disrupted. Auxin and wound-induced turgor pressure
changes together also spatially define the activation of key components of regeneration,
such as the transcription regulator ERF115. Our observations suggest that the
wound signaling involves the sensing of collapse of damaged cells and a local
auxin signaling activation to coordinate the downstream transcriptional responses
in the immediate wound vicinity.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: LifeSc
article_number: '202003346'
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Lukas
full_name: Hörmayer, Lukas
id: 2EEE7A2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hörmayer
orcid: 0000-0001-8295-2926
- first_name: Juan C
full_name: Montesinos López, Juan C
id: 310A8E3E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Montesinos López
orcid: 0000-0001-9179-6099
- first_name: Petra
full_name: Marhavá, Petra
id: 44E59624-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Marhavá
- first_name: Eva
full_name: Benková, Eva
id: 38F4F166-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Benková
orcid: 0000-0002-8510-9739
- first_name: Saiko
full_name: Yoshida, Saiko
id: 2E46069C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Yoshida
orcid: 0000-0001-6111-9353
- first_name: Jiří
full_name: Friml, Jiří
id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Friml
orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
citation:
ama: Hörmayer L, Montesinos López JC, Marhavá P, Benková E, Yoshida S, Friml J.
Wounding-induced changes in cellular pressure and localized auxin signalling spatially
coordinate restorative divisions in roots. Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences of the United States of America. 2020;117(26). doi:10.1073/pnas.2003346117
apa: Hörmayer, L., Montesinos López, J. C., Marhavá, P., Benková, E., Yoshida, S.,
& Friml, J. (2020). Wounding-induced changes in cellular pressure and localized
auxin signalling spatially coordinate restorative divisions in roots. Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National
Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003346117
chicago: Hörmayer, Lukas, Juan C Montesinos López, Petra Marhavá, Eva Benková, Saiko
Yoshida, and Jiří Friml. “Wounding-Induced Changes in Cellular Pressure and Localized
Auxin Signalling Spatially Coordinate Restorative Divisions in Roots.” Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National
Academy of Sciences, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003346117.
ieee: L. Hörmayer, J. C. Montesinos López, P. Marhavá, E. Benková, S. Yoshida, and
J. Friml, “Wounding-induced changes in cellular pressure and localized auxin signalling
spatially coordinate restorative divisions in roots,” Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 117, no. 26. National
Academy of Sciences, 2020.
ista: Hörmayer L, Montesinos López JC, Marhavá P, Benková E, Yoshida S, Friml J.
2020. Wounding-induced changes in cellular pressure and localized auxin signalling
spatially coordinate restorative divisions in roots. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 117(26), 202003346.
mla: Hörmayer, Lukas, et al. “Wounding-Induced Changes in Cellular Pressure and
Localized Auxin Signalling Spatially Coordinate Restorative Divisions in Roots.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
vol. 117, no. 26, 202003346, National Academy of Sciences, 2020, doi:10.1073/pnas.2003346117.
short: L. Hörmayer, J.C. Montesinos López, P. Marhavá, E. Benková, S. Yoshida, J.
Friml, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America 117 (2020).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-06-22T13:33:52Z
date_published: 2020-06-30T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-02T22:30:24Z
day: '30'
ddc:
- '580'
department:
- _id: JiFr
- _id: EvBe
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2003346117
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000565729700033'
pmid:
- '32541049'
file:
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creator: dernst
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file_id: '8009'
file_name: 2020_PNAS_Hoermayer.pdf
file_size: 2407102
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file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:07Z
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isi: 1
issue: '26'
language:
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month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 261099A6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '742985'
name: Tracing Evolution of Auxin Transport and Polarity in Plants
- _id: 262EF96E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: P29988
name: RNA-directed DNA methylation in plant development
publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
of America
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1091-6490
issn:
- 0027-8424
publication_status: published
publisher: National Academy of Sciences
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on IST Homepage
relation: press_release
url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/how-wounded-plants-coordinate-their-healing/
record:
- id: '9992'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Wounding-induced changes in cellular pressure and localized auxin signalling
spatially coordinate restorative divisions in roots
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 117
year: '2020'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
_id: '7258'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Many flows encountered in nature and applications are characterized by a chaotic
motion known as turbulence. Turbulent flows generate intense friction with pipe
walls and are responsible for considerable amounts of energy losses at world scale.
The nature of turbulent friction and techniques aimed at reducing it have been
subject of extensive research over the last century, but no definite answer has
been found yet. In this thesis we show that in pipes at moderate turbulent Reynolds
numbers friction is better described by the power law first introduced by Blasius
and not by the Prandtl–von Kármán formula. At higher Reynolds numbers, large scale
motions gradually become more important in the flow and can be related to the
change in scaling of friction. Next, we present a series of new techniques that
can relaminarize turbulence by suppressing a key mechanism that regenerates it
at walls, the lift–up effect. In addition, we investigate the process of turbulence
decay in several experiments and discuss the drag reduction potential. Finally,
we examine the behavior of friction under pulsating conditions inspired by the
human heart cycle and we show that under such circumstances turbulent friction
can be reduced to produce energy savings.
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Davide
full_name: Scarselli, Davide
id: 40315C30-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Scarselli
orcid: 0000-0001-5227-4271
citation:
ama: Scarselli D. New approaches to reduce friction in turbulent pipe flow. 2020.
doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7258
apa: Scarselli, D. (2020). New approaches to reduce friction in turbulent pipe
flow. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7258
chicago: Scarselli, Davide. “New Approaches to Reduce Friction in Turbulent Pipe
Flow.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7258.
ieee: D. Scarselli, “New approaches to reduce friction in turbulent pipe flow,”
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
ista: Scarselli D. 2020. New approaches to reduce friction in turbulent pipe flow.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
mla: Scarselli, Davide. New Approaches to Reduce Friction in Turbulent Pipe Flow.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:7258.
short: D. Scarselli, New Approaches to Reduce Friction in Turbulent Pipe Flow, Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-01-12T16:07:26Z
date_published: 2020-01-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-08T07:28:22Z
day: '13'
ddc:
- '532'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: BjHo
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7258
ec_funded: 1
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checksum: 4df1ab24e9896635106adde5a54615bf
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creator: dscarsel
date_created: 2020-01-12T15:57:14Z
date_updated: 2021-01-13T23:30:05Z
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file_name: 2020_Scarselli_Thesis.zip
file_size: 26640830
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date_updated: 2021-01-13T23:30:05Z
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file_name: 2020_Scarselli_Thesis.pdf
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language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
page: '174'
project:
- _id: 25152F3A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '306589'
name: Decoding the complexity of turbulence at its origin
- _id: 25104D44-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '737549'
name: Eliminating turbulence in oil pipelines
- _id: 25136C54-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: HO 4393/1-2
name: Experimental studies of the turbulence transition and transport processes
in turbulent Taylor-Couette currents
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
record:
- id: '422'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '461'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '6228'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
- id: '6486'
relation: part_of_dissertation
status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Björn
full_name: Hof, Björn
id: 3A374330-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hof
orcid: 0000-0003-2057-2754
title: New approaches to reduce friction in turbulent pipe flow
type: dissertation
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '9750'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Tension of the actomyosin cell cortex plays a key role in determining cell-cell
contact growth and size. The level of cortical tension outside of the cell-cell
contact, when pulling at the contact edge, scales with the total size to which
a cell-cell contact can grow1,2. Here we show in zebrafish primary germ layer
progenitor cells that this monotonic relationship only applies to a narrow range
of cortical tension increase, and that above a critical threshold, contact size
inversely scales with cortical tension. This switch from cortical tension increasing
to decreasing progenitor cell-cell contact size is caused by cortical tension
promoting E-cadherin anchoring to the actomyosin cytoskeleton, thereby increasing
clustering and stability of E-cadherin at the contact. Once tension-mediated E-cadherin
stabilization at the contact exceeds a critical threshold level, the rate by which
the contact expands in response to pulling forces from the cortex sharply drops,
leading to smaller contacts at physiologically relevant timescales of contact
formation. Thus, the activity of cortical tension in expanding cell-cell contact
size is limited by tension stabilizing E-cadherin-actin complexes at the contact.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: SSU
acknowledgement: We would like to thank Edouard Hannezo for discussions, Shayan Shami
Pour and Daniel Capek for help with data analysis, Vanessa Barone and other members
of the Heisenberg laboratory for thoughtful discussions and comments on the manuscript.
We also thank Jack Merrin for preparing the microwells, and the Scientific Service
Units at IST Austria, specifically Bioimaging and Electron Microscopy, and the Zebrafish
Facility for continuous support. We acknowledge Hitoshi Morita for the kind gift
of VinculinB-GFP plasmid. This research was supported by an ERC Advanced Grant (MECSPEC)
to C.-P.H, EMBO Long Term grant (ALTF 187-2013) to M.S and IST Fellow Marie-Curie
COFUND No. P_IST_EU01 to J.S.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Jana
full_name: Slovakova, Jana
id: 30F3F2F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Slovakova
- first_name: Mateusz K
full_name: Sikora, Mateusz K
id: 2F74BCDE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sikora
- first_name: Silvia
full_name: Caballero Mancebo, Silvia
id: 2F1E1758-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Caballero Mancebo
orcid: 0000-0002-5223-3346
- first_name: Gabriel
full_name: Krens, Gabriel
id: 2B819732-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Krens
orcid: 0000-0003-4761-5996
- first_name: Walter
full_name: Kaufmann, Walter
id: 3F99E422-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Kaufmann
orcid: 0000-0001-9735-5315
- first_name: Karla
full_name: Huljev, Karla
id: 44C6F6A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Huljev
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Heisenberg
orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
citation:
ama: Slovakova J, Sikora MK, Caballero Mancebo S, et al. Tension-dependent stabilization
of E-cadherin limits cell-cell contact expansion. bioRxiv. 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.11.20.391284
apa: Slovakova, J., Sikora, M. K., Caballero Mancebo, S., Krens, G., Kaufmann, W.,
Huljev, K., & Heisenberg, C.-P. J. (2020). Tension-dependent stabilization
of E-cadherin limits cell-cell contact expansion. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.20.391284
chicago: Slovakova, Jana, Mateusz K Sikora, Silvia Caballero Mancebo, Gabriel Krens,
Walter Kaufmann, Karla Huljev, and Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg. “Tension-Dependent
Stabilization of E-Cadherin Limits Cell-Cell Contact Expansion.” BioRxiv,
2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.20.391284.
ieee: J. Slovakova et al., “Tension-dependent stabilization of E-cadherin
limits cell-cell contact expansion,” bioRxiv. 2020.
ista: Slovakova J, Sikora MK, Caballero Mancebo S, Krens G, Kaufmann W, Huljev K,
Heisenberg C-PJ. 2020. Tension-dependent stabilization of E-cadherin limits cell-cell
contact expansion. bioRxiv, 10.1101/2020.11.20.391284.
mla: Slovakova, Jana, et al. “Tension-Dependent Stabilization of E-Cadherin Limits
Cell-Cell Contact Expansion.” BioRxiv, 2020, doi:10.1101/2020.11.20.391284.
short: J. Slovakova, M.K. Sikora, S. Caballero Mancebo, G. Krens, W. Kaufmann, K.
Huljev, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, BioRxiv (2020).
date_created: 2021-07-29T11:29:50Z
date_published: 2020-11-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-02T22:30:26Z
day: '20'
department:
- _id: CaHe
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: Bio
doi: 10.1101/2020.11.20.391284
ec_funded: 1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.20.391284
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: '41'
project:
- _id: 25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '291734'
name: International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme
- _id: 260F1432-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '742573'
name: Interaction and feedback between cell mechanics and fate specification in
vertebrate gastrulation
- _id: 2521E28E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: 187-2013
name: Modulation of adhesion function in cell-cell contact formation by cortical
tension
publication: bioRxiv
publication_status: published
related_material:
record:
- id: '10766'
relation: later_version
status: public
- id: '9623'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
status: public
title: Tension-dependent stabilization of E-cadherin limits cell-cell contact expansion
type: preprint
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '9633'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The search for biologically faithful synaptic plasticity rules has resulted
in a large body of models. They are usually inspired by – and fitted to – experimental
data, but they rarely produce neural dynamics that serve complex functions. These
failures suggest that current plasticity models are still under-constrained by
existing data. Here, we present an alternative approach that uses meta-learning
to discover plausible synaptic plasticity rules. Instead of experimental data,
the rules are constrained by the functions they implement and the structure they
are meant to produce. Briefly, we parameterize synaptic plasticity rules by a
Volterra expansion and then use supervised learning methods (gradient descent
or evolutionary strategies) to minimize a problem-dependent loss function that
quantifies how effectively a candidate plasticity rule transforms an initially
random network into one with the desired function. We first validate our approach
by re-discovering previously described plasticity rules, starting at the single-neuron
level and “Oja’s rule”, a simple Hebbian plasticity rule that captures the direction
of most variability of inputs to a neuron (i.e., the first principal component).
We expand the problem to the network level and ask the framework to find Oja’s
rule together with an anti-Hebbian rule such that an initially random two-layer
firing-rate network will recover several principal components of the input space
after learning. Next, we move to networks of integrate-and-fire neurons with plastic
inhibitory afferents. We train for rules that achieve a target firing rate by
countering tuned excitation. Our algorithm discovers a specific subset of the
manifold of rules that can solve this task. Our work is a proof of principle of
an automated and unbiased approach to unveil synaptic plasticity rules that obey
biological constraints and can solve complex functions.
acknowledgement: We would like to thank Chaitanya Chintaluri, Georgia Christodoulou,
Bill Podlaski and Merima Šabanovic for useful discussions and comments. This work
was supported by a Wellcome Trust ´ Senior Research Fellowship (214316/Z/18/Z),
a BBSRC grant (BB/N019512/1), an ERC consolidator Grant (SYNAPSEEK), a Leverhulme
Trust Project Grant (RPG-2016-446), and funding from École Polytechnique, Paris.
alternative_title:
- Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Basile J
full_name: Confavreux, Basile J
id: C7610134-B532-11EA-BD9F-F5753DDC885E
last_name: Confavreux
- first_name: Friedemann
full_name: Zenke, Friedemann
last_name: Zenke
- first_name: Everton J.
full_name: Agnes, Everton J.
last_name: Agnes
- first_name: Timothy
full_name: Lillicrap, Timothy
last_name: Lillicrap
- first_name: Tim P
full_name: Vogels, Tim P
id: CB6FF8D2-008F-11EA-8E08-2637E6697425
last_name: Vogels
orcid: 0000-0003-3295-6181
citation:
ama: 'Confavreux BJ, Zenke F, Agnes EJ, Lillicrap T, Vogels TP. A meta-learning
approach to (re)discover plasticity rules that carve a desired function into a
neural network. In: 34th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems.
Vol 33. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation; 2020:16398-16408.'
apa: 'Confavreux, B. J., Zenke, F., Agnes, E. J., Lillicrap, T., & Vogels, T.
P. (2020). A meta-learning approach to (re)discover plasticity rules that carve
a desired function into a neural network. In 34th Conference on Neural Information
Processing Systems (Vol. 33, pp. 16398–16408). Vancouver, Canada: Neural Information
Processing Systems Foundation.'
chicago: Confavreux, Basile J, Friedemann Zenke, Everton J. Agnes, Timothy Lillicrap,
and Tim P Vogels. “A Meta-Learning Approach to (Re)Discover Plasticity Rules That
Carve a Desired Function into a Neural Network.” In 34th Conference on Neural
Information Processing Systems, 33:16398–408. Neural Information Processing
Systems Foundation, 2020.
ieee: B. J. Confavreux, F. Zenke, E. J. Agnes, T. Lillicrap, and T. P. Vogels, “A
meta-learning approach to (re)discover plasticity rules that carve a desired function
into a neural network,” in 34th Conference on Neural Information Processing
Systems, Vancouver, Canada, 2020, vol. 33, pp. 16398–16408.
ista: 'Confavreux BJ, Zenke F, Agnes EJ, Lillicrap T, Vogels TP. 2020. A meta-learning
approach to (re)discover plasticity rules that carve a desired function into a
neural network. 34th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS:
Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information
Processing Systems, vol. 33, 16398–16408.'
mla: Confavreux, Basile J., et al. “A Meta-Learning Approach to (Re)Discover Plasticity
Rules That Carve a Desired Function into a Neural Network.” 34th Conference
on Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 33, Neural Information Processing
Systems Foundation, 2020, pp. 16398–408.
short: B.J. Confavreux, F. Zenke, E.J. Agnes, T. Lillicrap, T.P. Vogels, in:, 34th
Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Neural Information Processing
Systems Foundation, 2020, pp. 16398–16408.
conference:
end_date: 2020-12-12
location: Vancouver, Canada
name: 'NeurIPS: Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems'
start_date: 2020-12-06
das_tickbox: '1'
date_created: 2021-07-04T22:01:27Z
date_published: 2020-12-06T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-02T22:30:27Z
day: '06'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: TiVo
ec_funded: 1
intvolume: ' 33'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2020/hash/bdbd5ebfde4934142c8a88e7a3796cd5-Abstract.html
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 16398-16408
project:
- _id: 0aacfa84-070f-11eb-9043-d7eb2c709234
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '819603'
name: Learning the shape of synaptic plasticity rules for neuronal architectures
and function through machine learning.
- _id: c084a126-5a5b-11eb-8a69-d75314a70a87
grant_number: 214316/Z/18/Z
name: What’s in a memory? Spatiotemporal dynamics in strongly coupled recurrent
neuronal networks.
publication: 34th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1049-5258
publication_status: published
publisher: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: is_continued_by
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.24.353409
record:
- id: '14422'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A meta-learning approach to (re)discover plasticity rules that carve a desired
function into a neural network
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 33
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8529'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Practical quantum networks require low-loss and noise-resilient optical interconnects
as well as non-Gaussian resources for entanglement distillation and distributed
quantum computation. The latter could be provided by superconducting circuits
but existing solutions to interface the microwave and optical domains lack either
scalability or efficiency, and in most cases the conversion noise is not known.
In this work we utilize the unique opportunities of silicon photonics, cavity
optomechanics and superconducting circuits to demonstrate a fully integrated,
coherent transducer interfacing the microwave X and the telecom S bands with a
total (internal) bidirectional transduction efficiency of 1.2% (135%) at millikelvin
temperatures. The coupling relies solely on the radiation pressure interaction
mediated by the femtometer-scale motion of two silicon nanobeams reaching a Vπ
as low as 16 μV for sub-nanowatt pump powers. Without the associated optomechanical
gain, we achieve a total (internal) pure conversion efficiency of up to 0.019%
(1.6%), relevant for future noise-free operation on this qubit-compatible platform.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: We thank Yuan Chen for performing supplementary FEM simulations and
Andrew Higginbotham, Ralf Riedinger, Sungkun Hong, and Lorenzo Magrini for valuable
discussions. This work was supported by IST Austria, the IST nanofabrication facility
(NFF), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant
agreement no. 732894 (FET Proactive HOT) and the European Research Council under
grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT). G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship
of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. W.H. is the recipient of an
ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement
no. 754411. J.M.F. acknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through
BeyondC (F71), a NOMIS foundation research grant, and the EU’s Horizon 2020 research
and innovation program under grant agreement no. 862644 (FET Open QUARTET).
article_number: '4460'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Georg M
full_name: Arnold, Georg M
id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Arnold
orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Matthias
full_name: Wulf, Matthias
id: 45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Wulf
orcid: 0000-0001-6613-1378
- first_name: Shabir
full_name: Barzanjeh, Shabir
id: 2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barzanjeh
orcid: 0000-0003-0415-1423
- first_name: Elena
full_name: Redchenko, Elena
id: 2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Redchenko
- first_name: Alfredo R
full_name: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
id: 3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Rueda Sanchez
orcid: 0000-0001-6249-5860
- first_name: William J
full_name: Hease, William J
id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hease
orcid: 0000-0001-9868-2166
- first_name: Farid
full_name: Hassani, Farid
id: 2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hassani
orcid: 0000-0001-6937-5773
- first_name: Johannes M
full_name: Fink, Johannes M
id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Fink
orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
ama: Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, et al. Converting microwave and telecom photons
with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. Nature Communications.
2020;11. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z
apa: Arnold, G. M., Wulf, M., Barzanjeh, S., Redchenko, E., Rueda Sanchez, A. R.,
Hease, W. J., … Fink, J. M. (2020). Converting microwave and telecom photons with
a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. Nature Communications. Springer
Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z
chicago: Arnold, Georg M, Matthias Wulf, Shabir Barzanjeh, Elena Redchenko, Alfredo
R Rueda Sanchez, William J Hease, Farid Hassani, and Johannes M Fink. “Converting
Microwave and Telecom Photons with a Silicon Photonic Nanomechanical Interface.”
Nature Communications. Springer Nature, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z.
ieee: G. M. Arnold et al., “Converting microwave and telecom photons with
a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface,” Nature Communications, vol.
11. Springer Nature, 2020.
ista: Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, Redchenko E, Rueda Sanchez AR, Hease WJ, Hassani
F, Fink JM. 2020. Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic
nanomechanical interface. Nature Communications. 11, 4460.
mla: Arnold, Georg M., et al. “Converting Microwave and Telecom Photons with a Silicon
Photonic Nanomechanical Interface.” Nature Communications, vol. 11, 4460,
Springer Nature, 2020, doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z.
short: G.M. Arnold, M. Wulf, S. Barzanjeh, E. Redchenko, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, W.J.
Hease, F. Hassani, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications 11 (2020).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:56:20Z
date_published: 2020-09-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-02T22:30:33Z
day: '08'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000577280200001'
pmid:
- '32901014'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 88f92544889eb18bb38e25629a422a86
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2020-09-18T13:02:37Z
date_updated: 2020-09-18T13:02:37Z
file_id: '8530'
file_name: 2020_NatureComm_Arnold.pdf
file_size: 1002818
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-09-18T13:02:37Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 11'
isi: 1
keyword:
- General Biochemistry
- Genetics and Molecular Biology
- General Physics and Astronomy
- General Chemistry
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '732894'
name: Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies
- _id: 26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '758053'
name: A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '754411'
name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '862644'
name: Quantum readout techniques and technologies
- _id: 2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
name: Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves
to optical frequencies
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: erratum
url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18912-9
- description: News on IST Homepage
relation: press_release
url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/how-to-transport-microwave-quantum-information-via-optical-fiber/
record:
- id: '13056'
relation: research_data
status: public
- id: '18871'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical
interface
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 11
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '9114'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Microwave photonics lends the advantages of fiber optics to electronic sensing
and communication systems. In contrast to nonlinear optics, electro-optic devices
so far require classical modulation fields whose variance is dominated by electronic
or thermal noise rather than quantum fluctuations. Here we demonstrate bidirectional
single-sideband conversion of X band microwave to C band telecom light with a
microwave mode occupancy as low as 0.025 ± 0.005 and an added output noise of
less than or equal to 0.074 photons. This is facilitated by radiative cooling
and a triply resonant ultra-low-loss transducer operating at millikelvin temperatures.
The high bandwidth of 10.7 MHz and total (internal) photon conversion\r\nefficiency
of 0.03% (0.67%) combined with the extremely slow heating rate of 1.1 added output
noise photons per second for the highest available pump power of 1.48 mW puts
near-unity efficiency pulsed quantum transduction within reach. Together with
the non-Gaussian resources of superconducting qubits this might provide the practical
foundation to extend the range and scope of current quantum networks in analogy
to electrical repeaters in classical fiber optic communication."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
acknowledgement: "The authors acknowledge the support of T. Menner, A. Arslani, and
T. Asenov from the Miba machine shop for machining the microwave cavity, and thank
S. Barzanjeh, F. Sedlmeir, and C. Marquardt for fruitful discussions. This work
is supported by IST Austria and the European Research Council under Grant No. 758053
(ERC StG QUNNECT). W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with
funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under
the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant No. 754411.\r\nG.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship
of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F. acknowledges support
from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F71) and the European Union’s
Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant No. 899354 (FET Open SuperQuLAN).
H.G.L.S. acknowledges support from the Aotearoa/New Zealand’s MBIE Endeavour Smart
Ideas Grant No UOOX1805."
article_number: '020315'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: William J
full_name: Hease, William J
id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hease
orcid: 0000-0001-9868-2166
- first_name: Alfredo R
full_name: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
id: 3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Rueda Sanchez
orcid: 0000-0001-6249-5860
- first_name: Rishabh
full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Sahu
orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: Matthias
full_name: Wulf, Matthias
id: 45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Wulf
orcid: 0000-0001-6613-1378
- first_name: Georg M
full_name: Arnold, Georg M
id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Arnold
orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Harald G.L.
full_name: Schwefel, Harald G.L.
last_name: Schwefel
- first_name: Johannes M
full_name: Fink, Johannes M
id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Fink
orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
ama: Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, et al. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength
conversion in the quantum ground state. PRX Quantum. 2020;1(2). doi:10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315
apa: Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Sahu, R., Wulf, M., Arnold, G. M., Schwefel,
H. G. L., & Fink, J. M. (2020). Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion
in the quantum ground state. PRX Quantum. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315
chicago: Hease, William J, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Rishabh Sahu, Matthias Wulf,
Georg M Arnold, Harald G.L. Schwefel, and Johannes M Fink. “Bidirectional Electro-Optic
Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State.” PRX Quantum. American
Physical Society, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315.
ieee: W. J. Hease et al., “Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion
in the quantum ground state,” PRX Quantum, vol. 1, no. 2. American Physical
Society, 2020.
ista: Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, Wulf M, Arnold GM, Schwefel HGL, Fink
JM. 2020. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground
state. PRX Quantum. 1(2), 020315.
mla: Hease, William J., et al. “Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion
in the Quantum Ground State.” PRX Quantum, vol. 1, no. 2, 020315, American
Physical Society, 2020, doi:10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315.
short: W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, R. Sahu, M. Wulf, G.M. Arnold, H.G.L. Schwefel,
J.M. Fink, PRX Quantum 1 (2020).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2021-02-12T10:41:28Z
date_published: 2020-11-23T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-02T22:30:33Z
day: '23'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000674680100001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: b70b12ded6d7660d4c9037eb09bfed0c
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2021-02-12T11:16:16Z
date_updated: 2021-02-12T11:16:16Z
file_id: '9115'
file_name: 2020_PRXQuantum_Hease.pdf
file_size: 2146924
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-02-12T11:16:16Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 1'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '758053'
name: A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '754411'
name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '899354'
name: Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
name: Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves
to optical frequencies
- _id: bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f
grant_number: F07105
name: QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration
of Superconducting Quantum Circuits
publication: PRX Quantum
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2691-3399
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on IST Homepage
relation: press_release
url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/how-to-transport-microwave-quantum-information-via-optical-fiber/
record:
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relation: research_data
status: public
- id: '13175'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '12900'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
- id: '18871'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8831'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Holes in planar Ge have high mobilities, strong spin-orbit interaction and
electrically tunable g-factors, and are therefore emerging as a promising candidate
for hybrid superconductorsemiconductor devices. This is further motivated by the
observation of supercurrent transport in planar Ge Josephson Field effect transistors
(JoFETs). A key challenge towards hybrid germanium quantum technology is the design
of high quality interfaces and superconducting contacts that are robust against
magnetic fields. By combining the assets of Al, which has a long superconducting
coherence, and Nb, which has a significant superconducting gap, we form low-disordered
JoFETs with large ICRN products that are capable of withstanding high magnetic
fields. We furthermore demonstrate the ability of phase-biasing individual JoFETs
opening up an avenue to explore topological superconductivity in planar Ge. The
persistence of superconductivity in the reported hybrid devices beyond 1.8 T paves
the way towards integrating spin qubits and proximity-induced superconductivity
on the same chip.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: "This research and related results were made possible with the support
of the NOMIS Foundation. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units
of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication
facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under
the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement #844511 and the Grant Agreement #862046.
ICN2 acknowledge funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR 327. ICN2 is supported
by the Severo Ochoa\r\nprogram from Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV2017-0706) and
is funded by the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present
work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Aut`onoma de Barcelona Materials
Science PhD program. The HAADF-STEM microscopy was conducted in the Laboratorio
de Microscopias Avanzadas at Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon-Universidad de Zaragoza.
Authors acknowledge the LMA-INA for offering access to their instruments and expertise.
We acknowledge support from CSIC Research Platform on Quantum Technologies PTI-001.
This project has received funding from\r\nthe European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
and innovation programme under grant agreement No 823717 – ESTEEM3. M.B. acknowledges
support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020
FI 00103. GS and MV acknowledge support through a projectruimte grant associated
with the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research (NWO)."
article_number: '2012.00322'
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Kushagra
full_name: Aggarwal, Kushagra
id: b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb
last_name: Aggarwal
orcid: 0000-0001-9985-9293
- first_name: Andrea C
full_name: Hofmann, Andrea C
id: 340F461A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Jirovec, Daniel
id: 4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Jirovec
orcid: 0000-0002-7197-4801
- first_name: Ivan
full_name: Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan
id: 2A307FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Prieto Gonzalez
orcid: 0000-0002-7370-5357
- first_name: Amir
full_name: Sammak, Amir
last_name: Sammak
- first_name: Marc
full_name: Botifoll, Marc
last_name: Botifoll
- first_name: Sara
full_name: Marti-Sanchez, Sara
last_name: Marti-Sanchez
- first_name: Menno
full_name: Veldhorst, Menno
last_name: Veldhorst
- first_name: Jordi
full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
last_name: Arbiol
- first_name: Giordano
full_name: Scappucci, Giordano
last_name: Scappucci
- first_name: Georgios
full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Katsaros
orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
ama: Aggarwal K, Hofmann AC, Jirovec D, et al. Enhancement of proximity induced
superconductivity in planar Germanium. arXiv. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2012.00322
apa: Aggarwal, K., Hofmann, A. C., Jirovec, D., Prieto Gonzalez, I., Sammak, A.,
Botifoll, M., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Enhancement of proximity induced superconductivity
in planar Germanium. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2012.00322
chicago: Aggarwal, Kushagra, Andrea C Hofmann, Daniel Jirovec, Ivan Prieto Gonzalez,
Amir Sammak, Marc Botifoll, Sara Marti-Sanchez, et al. “Enhancement of Proximity
Induced Superconductivity in Planar Germanium.” ArXiv, n.d. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2012.00322.
ieee: K. Aggarwal et al., “Enhancement of proximity induced superconductivity
in planar Germanium,” arXiv. .
ista: Aggarwal K, Hofmann AC, Jirovec D, Prieto Gonzalez I, Sammak A, Botifoll M,
Marti-Sanchez S, Veldhorst M, Arbiol J, Scappucci G, Katsaros G. Enhancement of
proximity induced superconductivity in planar Germanium. arXiv, 2012.00322.
mla: Aggarwal, Kushagra, et al. “Enhancement of Proximity Induced Superconductivity
in Planar Germanium.” ArXiv, 2012.00322, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2012.00322.
short: K. Aggarwal, A.C. Hofmann, D. Jirovec, I. Prieto Gonzalez, A. Sammak, M.
Botifoll, S. Marti-Sanchez, M. Veldhorst, J. Arbiol, G. Scappucci, G. Katsaros,
ArXiv (n.d.).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2020-12-02T10:42:53Z
date_published: 2020-12-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-02T22:30:43Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2012.00322
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2012.00322'
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project:
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name: Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices
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call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '844511'
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publication: arXiv
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title: Enhancement of proximity induced superconductivity in planar Germanium
type: preprint
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2020'
...