---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '21068'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Causal reasoning and discovery, two fundamental tasks of causal analysis,\r\noften
face challenges in applications due to the complexity, noisiness, and highdimensionality
of real-world data. Despite recent progress in identifying latent\r\ncausal structures
using causal representation learning (CRL), what makes learned\r\nrepresentations
useful for causal downstream tasks and how to evaluate them are\r\nstill not well
understood. In this paper, we reinterpret CRL using a measurement\r\nmodel framework,
where the learned representations are viewed as proxy measurements of the latent
causal variables. Our approach clarifies the conditions under\r\nwhich learned
representations support downstream causal reasoning and provides\r\na principled
basis for quantitatively assessing the quality of representations using\r\na new
Test-based Measurement EXclusivity (T-MEX) score. We validate T-MEX\r\nacross
diverse causal inference scenarios, including numerical simulations and\r\nreal-world
ecological video analysis, demonstrating that the proposed framework\r\nand corresponding
score effectively assess the identification of learned representations and their
usefulness for causal downstream tasks. Reproducible code can\r\nbe found at https://github.com/shimenghuang/a-measurement-perspective-of-crl."
acknowledgement: "This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science
Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE12. For open access purposes, the author has applied a CC
BY public copyright license to any accepted manuscript version arising from this
submission.\r\n"
alternative_title:
- Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Dingling
full_name: Yao, Dingling
id: d3e02e50-48a8-11ee-8f62-c108061797fa
last_name: Yao
- first_name: Shimeng
full_name: Huang, Shimeng
id: 989c2a06-fb4e-11ef-a992-ab766442255b
last_name: Huang
orcid: 0000-0001-6919-821X
- first_name: Riccardo
full_name: Cadei, Riccardo
id: 0fa8b76f-72f0-11ef-b75a-a5da96e5ad6b
last_name: Cadei
- first_name: Kun
full_name: Zhang, Kun
last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Francesco
full_name: Locatello, Francesco
id: 26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4
last_name: Locatello
orcid: 0000-0002-4850-0683
citation:
ama: 'Yao D, Huang S, Cadei R, Zhang K, Locatello F. The third pillar of causal
analysis? A measurement perspective on causal representations. In: 39th Annual
Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. Vol 38. Neural Information
Processing Systems Foundation; 2025.'
apa: 'Yao, D., Huang, S., Cadei, R., Zhang, K., & Locatello, F. (2025). The
third pillar of causal analysis? A measurement perspective on causal representations.
In 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (Vol.
38). San Diego, CA, United States: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation.'
chicago: Yao, Dingling, Shimeng Huang, Riccardo Cadei, Kun Zhang, and Francesco
Locatello. “The Third Pillar of Causal Analysis? A Measurement Perspective on
Causal Representations.” In 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing
Systems, Vol. 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025.
ieee: D. Yao, S. Huang, R. Cadei, K. Zhang, and F. Locatello, “The third pillar
of causal analysis? A measurement perspective on causal representations,” in 39th
Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, San Diego, CA,
United States, 2025, vol. 38.
ista: 'Yao D, Huang S, Cadei R, Zhang K, Locatello F. 2025. The third pillar of
causal analysis? A measurement perspective on causal representations. 39th Annual
Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information
Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 38.'
mla: Yao, Dingling, et al. “The Third Pillar of Causal Analysis? A Measurement Perspective
on Causal Representations.” 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing
Systems, vol. 38, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025.
short: D. Yao, S. Huang, R. Cadei, K. Zhang, F. Locatello, in:, 39th Annual Conference
on Neural Information Processing Systems, Neural Information Processing Systems
Foundation, 2025.
conference:
end_date: 2025-12-07
location: San Diego, CA, United States
name: 'NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems'
start_date: 2025-12-02
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-01-29T14:24:56Z
date_published: 2025-12-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T12:08:52Z
day: '15'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: FrLo
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2505.17708'
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 38'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.17708
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1049-5258
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: software
url: https://github.com/shimenghuang/a-measurement-perspective-of-crl
status: public
title: The third pillar of causal analysis? A measurement perspective on causal representations
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 38
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '21070'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Deep learning systems deployed in real-world applications often encounter
data that is different from their in-distribution (ID). A reliable model should
ideally abstain from making decisions in this out-of-distribution (OOD) setting.
Existing state-of-the-art methods primarily focus on feature distances, such as
k-th nearest neighbors and distances to decision boundaries, either overlooking
or ineffectively using in-distribution statistics. In this work, we propose a
novel angle-based metric for OOD detection that is computed relative to the in-distribution
structure. We demonstrate that the angles between feature representations and
decision boundaries, viewed from the mean of in-distribution features, serve as
an effective discriminative factor between ID and OOD data. We evaluate our method
on nine ImageNet-pretrained models. Our approach achieves the lowest FPR in 5
out of 9 ImageNet models, obtains the best average FPR overall, and consistently
ranking among the top 3 across all evaluated models. Furthermore, we highlight
the benefits of contrastive representations by showing strong performance with
ResNet SCL and CLIP architectures. Finally, we demonstrate that the scale-invariant
nature of our score enables an ensemble strategy via simple score summation. '
acknowledgement: "This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science
Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE12. For open access purposes, the author has applied a CC
BY public copyright license to any accepted manuscript version arising from this
submission.\r\n"
alternative_title:
- Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Berker
full_name: Demirel, Berker
id: 8b4bc47f-3200-11ee-973b-8f0e7be21a9f
last_name: Demirel
- first_name: 'Marco '
full_name: 'Fumero, Marco '
last_name: Fumero
- first_name: Francesco
full_name: Locatello, Francesco
id: 26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4
last_name: Locatello
orcid: 0000-0002-4850-0683
citation:
ama: 'Demirel B, Fumero M, Locatello F. Out-of-Distribution detection with relative
angles. In: 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems.
Vol 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation; 2025.'
apa: 'Demirel, B., Fumero, M., & Locatello, F. (2025). Out-of-Distribution detection
with relative angles. In 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing
Systems (Vol. 38). San Diego, CA, United States: Neural Information Processing
Systems Foundation.'
chicago: Demirel, Berker, Marco Fumero, and Francesco Locatello. “Out-of-Distribution
Detection with Relative Angles.” In 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information
Processing Systems, Vol. 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation,
2025.
ieee: B. Demirel, M. Fumero, and F. Locatello, “Out-of-Distribution detection with
relative angles,” in 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing
Systems, San Diego, CA, United States, 2025, vol. 38.
ista: 'Demirel B, Fumero M, Locatello F. 2025. Out-of-Distribution detection with
relative angles. 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems.
NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information
Processing Systems, vol. 38.'
mla: Demirel, Berker, et al. “Out-of-Distribution Detection with Relative Angles.”
39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 38,
Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025.
short: B. Demirel, M. Fumero, F. Locatello, in:, 39th Annual Conference on Neural
Information Processing Systems, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation,
2025.
conference:
end_date: 2025-12-07
location: San Diego, CA, United States
name: 'NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems'
start_date: 2025-12-02
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-01-29T14:26:47Z
date_published: 2025-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-16T11:38:25Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: FrLo
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2410.04525'
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 38'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.04525
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1049-5258
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: software
url: https://github.com/berkerdemirel/ORA-OOD-Detection-with-Relative-Angles
status: public
title: Out-of-Distribution detection with relative angles
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 38
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '21072'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Language and vision-language models have shown impressive performance across
a wide range of tasks, but their internal mechanisms remain only partly understood.
In this work, we study how individual attention heads in text-generative models
specialize in specific semantic or visual attributes. Building on an established
interpretability method, we reinterpret the practice of probing intermediate activations
with the final decoding layer through the lens of signal processing. This lets
us analyze multiple samples in a principled way and rank attention heads based
on their relevance to target concepts. Our results show consistent patterns of
specialization at the head level across both unimodal and multimodal transformers.
Remarkably, we find that editing as few as 1% of the heads, selected using our
method, can reliably suppress or enhance targeted concepts in the model output.
We validate our approach on language tasks such as question answering and toxicity
mitigation, as well as vision-language tasks including image classification and
captioning. Our findings highlight an interpretable and controllable structure
within attention layers, offering simple tools for understanding and editing large-scale
generative models.
acknowledgement: 'The authors acknowledge the Area Science Park supercomputing platform
ORFEO made available for conducting the research reported in this paper, and the
technical support of the Laboratory of Data Engineering staff. LB, DD and AC were
supported by the project “Supporto alla diagnosi di malattie rare tramite l’intelligenza
artificiale" CUP: F53C22001770002 and “Valutazione automatica delle immagini diagnostiche
tramite l’intelligenza artificiale", CUP: F53C22001780002. LB was supported by the
European Union – NextGenerationEU within the project PNRR “Finanziamento di progetti
presentati da giovani ricercatori" - Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.2, CUP:
J93C25000440001. AC was supported by the European Union – NextGenerationEU within
the project PNRR “PRP@CERIC" IR0000028 - Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 3.1 Action
3.1.1. '
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Lorenzo
full_name: Basile, Lorenzo
last_name: Basile
- first_name: Valentino
full_name: Maiorca, Valentino
last_name: Maiorca
- first_name: Diego
full_name: Doimo, Diego
last_name: Doimo
- first_name: Francesco
full_name: Locatello, Francesco
id: 26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4
last_name: Locatello
orcid: 0000-0002-4850-0683
- first_name: Alberto
full_name: Cazzaniga, Alberto
last_name: Cazzaniga
citation:
ama: 'Basile L, Maiorca V, Doimo D, Locatello F, Cazzaniga A. Head pursuit: Probing
attention specialization in multimodal transformers. In: 39th Annual Conference
on Neural Information Processing Systems. Vol 38. Neural Information Processing
Systems Foundation; 2025.'
apa: 'Basile, L., Maiorca, V., Doimo, D., Locatello, F., & Cazzaniga, A. (2025).
Head pursuit: Probing attention specialization in multimodal transformers. In
39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (Vol. 38).
San Diego, CA, United States: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation.'
chicago: 'Basile, Lorenzo, Valentino Maiorca, Diego Doimo, Francesco Locatello,
and Alberto Cazzaniga. “Head Pursuit: Probing Attention Specialization in Multimodal
Transformers.” In 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems,
Vol. 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025.'
ieee: 'L. Basile, V. Maiorca, D. Doimo, F. Locatello, and A. Cazzaniga, “Head pursuit:
Probing attention specialization in multimodal transformers,” in 39th Annual
Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, San Diego, CA, United
States, 2025, vol. 38.'
ista: 'Basile L, Maiorca V, Doimo D, Locatello F, Cazzaniga A. 2025. Head pursuit:
Probing attention specialization in multimodal transformers. 39th Annual Conference
on Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing
Systems vol. 38.'
mla: 'Basile, Lorenzo, et al. “Head Pursuit: Probing Attention Specialization in
Multimodal Transformers.” 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing
Systems, vol. 38, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025.'
short: L. Basile, V. Maiorca, D. Doimo, F. Locatello, A. Cazzaniga, in:, 39th Annual
Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Neural Information Processing
Systems Foundation, 2025.
conference:
end_date: 2025-12-07
location: San Diego, CA, United States
name: 'NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems'
start_date: 2025-12-02
date_created: 2026-01-29T14:29:23Z
date_published: 2025-12-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-11T08:55:36Z
day: '15'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: FrLo
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2510.21518'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 85be3f98663e2595cf37001852b477cb
content_type: application/pdf
creator: flocatel
date_created: 2026-01-29T14:29:14Z
date_updated: 2026-01-29T14:29:14Z
file_id: '21073'
file_name: 2510.21518v2.pdf
file_size: 4271547
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-01-29T14:29:14Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 38'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2510.21518
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1049-5258
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Head pursuit: Probing attention specialization in multimodal transformers'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 38
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '21074'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Neural models learn representations of high-dimensional data on low-dimensional
manifolds. Multiple factors, including stochasticities in the training process,
model architectures, and additional inductive biases, may induce different representations,
even when learning the same task on the same data. However, it has recently been
shown that when a latent structure is shared between distinct latent spaces, relative
distances between representations can be preserved, up to distortions. Building
on this idea, we demonstrate that exploiting the differential-geometric structure
of latent spaces of neural models, it is possible to capture precisely the transformations
between representational spaces trained on similar data distributions. Specifically,
we assume that distinct neural models parametrize approximately the same underlying
manifold, and introduce a representation based on the pullback metric that captures
the intrinsic structure of the latent space, while scaling efficiently to large
models. We validate experimentally our method on model stitching and retrieval
tasks, covering autoencoders and vision foundation discriminative models, across
diverse architectures, datasets, pretraining schemes and modalities. Code is available
at the following link.
acknowledgement: 'We thank Gregor Krzmanc, German Magai, Vital Fernandez for insightful
discussions in the early stages of the project. HY was supported by the Research
Council of Finland Flagship programme: Finnish Center for Artificial Intelligence
FCAI. HY wishes to acknowledge CSC - IT Center for Science, Finland, for computational
resources. GA was supported by the DFF Sapere Aude Starting Grant “GADL”. SH was
supported by a research grant (42062) from VILLUM FONDEN and partly funded by the
Novo Nordisk Foundation through the Center for Basic Research in Life Science (NNF20OC0062606).
SH received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European
Union’s Horizon Programme (grant agreement 101125003). MF is supported by the MSCA
IST-Bridge fellowship which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon
2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement
No 101034413.'
alternative_title:
- Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Hanlin
full_name: Yu, Hanlin
last_name: Yu
- first_name: Befrin
full_name: Inal, Befrin
last_name: Inal
- first_name: Georgios
full_name: Arvanitidis, Georgios
last_name: Arvanitidis
- first_name: Soren
full_name: Hauberg, Soren
last_name: Hauberg
- first_name: Francesco
full_name: Locatello, Francesco
id: 26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4
last_name: Locatello
orcid: 0000-0002-4850-0683
- first_name: Marco
full_name: Fumero, Marco
id: 1c1593eb-393f-11ef-bb8e-ab4f1e979650
last_name: Fumero
citation:
ama: 'Yu H, Inal B, Arvanitidis G, Hauberg S, Locatello F, Fumero M. Connecting
neural models latent geometries with relative geodesic representations. In: 39th
Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. Vol 38. Neural
Information Processing Systems Foundation; 2025.'
apa: 'Yu, H., Inal, B., Arvanitidis, G., Hauberg, S., Locatello, F., & Fumero,
M. (2025). Connecting neural models latent geometries with relative geodesic representations.
In 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (Vol.
38). San Diego, CA, United States: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation.'
chicago: Yu, Hanlin, Befrin Inal, Georgios Arvanitidis, Soren Hauberg, Francesco
Locatello, and Marco Fumero. “Connecting Neural Models Latent Geometries with
Relative Geodesic Representations.” In 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information
Processing Systems, Vol. 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation,
2025.
ieee: H. Yu, B. Inal, G. Arvanitidis, S. Hauberg, F. Locatello, and M. Fumero, “Connecting
neural models latent geometries with relative geodesic representations,” in 39th
Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, San Diego, CA,
United States, 2025, vol. 38.
ista: 'Yu H, Inal B, Arvanitidis G, Hauberg S, Locatello F, Fumero M. 2025. Connecting
neural models latent geometries with relative geodesic representations. 39th Annual
Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information
Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 38.'
mla: Yu, Hanlin, et al. “Connecting Neural Models Latent Geometries with Relative
Geodesic Representations.” 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing
Systems, vol. 38, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025.
short: H. Yu, B. Inal, G. Arvanitidis, S. Hauberg, F. Locatello, M. Fumero, in:,
39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Neural Information
Processing Systems Foundation, 2025.
conference:
end_date: 2025-12-07
location: San Diego, CA, United States
name: 'NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems'
start_date: 2025-12-02
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-01-29T14:31:52Z
date_published: 2025-12-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-11T09:03:37Z
day: '15'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: FrLo
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2506.01599'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: b1a645418025f46394764cd16d0cb089
content_type: application/pdf
creator: flocatel
date_created: 2026-01-29T14:31:42Z
date_updated: 2026-01-29T14:31:42Z
file_id: '21075'
file_name: 2506.01599v2.pdf
file_size: 7749349
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-01-29T14:31:42Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 38'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '101034413'
name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program'
publication: 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1049-5258
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Connecting neural models latent geometries with relative geodesic representations
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 38
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '21076'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: In many scientific experiments, the data annotating cost constraints the pace
for testing novel hypotheses. Yet, modern machine learning pipelines offer a promising
solution—provided their predictions yield correct conclusions. We focus on Prediction-Powered
Causal Inferences (PPCI), i.e., estimating the treatment effect in an unlabeled
target experiment, relying on training data with the same outcome annotated but
potentially different treatment or effect modifiers. We first show that conditional
calibration guarantees valid PPCI at population level. Then, we introduce a sufficient
representation constraint transferring validity across experiments, which we propose
to enforce in practice in Deconfounded Empirical Risk Minimization, our new model-agnostic
training objective. We validate our method on synthetic and real-world scientific
data, solving impossible problem instances for Empirical Risk Minimization even
with standard invariance constraints. In particular, for the first time, we achieve
valid causal inference on a scientific experiment with complex recording and no
human annotations, fine-tuning a foundational model on our similar annotated experiment.
acknowledgement: We thank the Causal Learning and Artificial Intelligence group at
ISTA for the continuous feedback on the project and valuable discussions. We thank
the Social Immunity group at ISTA, particularly Jinook Oh, for the annotation program
and Michaela Hoenigsberger for supporting our ecological experiment. Riccardo Cadei
is supported by a Google Research Scholar Award and a Google Initiated Gift to Francesco
Locatello. This research was funded in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE12).
It was further partially supported by the ISTA Interdisciplinary Project Committee
for the collaborative project “ALED” between Francesco Locatello and Sylvia Cremer.
For open access purposes, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license
to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission.
alternative_title:
- Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Riccardo
full_name: Cadei, Riccardo
id: 0fa8b76f-72f0-11ef-b75a-a5da96e5ad6b
last_name: Cadei
- first_name: Ilker
full_name: Demirel, Ilker
last_name: Demirel
- first_name: Piersilvio
full_name: De Bartolomeis, Piersilvio
last_name: De Bartolomeis
- first_name: Lukas
full_name: Lindorfer, Lukas
id: 85f0e6d3-06b3-11ec-8982-8c5049fa4455
last_name: Lindorfer
- first_name: Sylvia
full_name: Cremer, Sylvia
id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cremer
orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
- first_name: Cordelia
full_name: Schmid, Cordelia
last_name: Schmid
- first_name: Francesco
full_name: Locatello, Francesco
id: 26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4
last_name: Locatello
orcid: 0000-0002-4850-0683
citation:
ama: 'Cadei R, Demirel I, De Bartolomeis P, et al. Prediction-powered causal inferences.
In: 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. Vol
38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation; 2025.'
apa: 'Cadei, R., Demirel, I., De Bartolomeis, P., Lindorfer, L., Cremer, S., Schmid,
C., & Locatello, F. (2025). Prediction-powered causal inferences. In 39th
Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (Vol. 38). San
Diego, CA, United States: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation.'
chicago: Cadei, Riccardo, Ilker Demirel, Piersilvio De Bartolomeis, Lukas Lindorfer,
Sylvia Cremer, Cordelia Schmid, and Francesco Locatello. “Prediction-Powered Causal
Inferences.” In 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems,
Vol. 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025.
ieee: R. Cadei et al., “Prediction-powered causal inferences,” in 39th
Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, San Diego, CA,
United States, 2025, vol. 38.
ista: 'Cadei R, Demirel I, De Bartolomeis P, Lindorfer L, Cremer S, Schmid C, Locatello
F. 2025. Prediction-powered causal inferences. 39th Annual Conference on Neural
Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems,
Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 38.'
mla: Cadei, Riccardo, et al. “Prediction-Powered Causal Inferences.” 39th Annual
Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 38, Neural Information
Processing Systems Foundation, 2025.
short: R. Cadei, I. Demirel, P. De Bartolomeis, L. Lindorfer, S. Cremer, C. Schmid,
F. Locatello, in:, 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems,
Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025.
conference:
end_date: 2025-12-07
location: San Diego, CA, United States
name: 'NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems'
start_date: 2025-12-02
date_created: 2026-01-29T14:35:11Z
date_published: 2025-12-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-16T11:39:33Z
day: '15'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: FrLo
- _id: SyCr
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 92467fa566cd36671a6a3b9e71ae0f71
content_type: application/pdf
creator: flocatel
date_created: 2026-01-29T14:35:02Z
date_updated: 2026-01-29T14:35:02Z
file_id: '21077'
file_name: 17546_Prediction_Powered_Causa.pdf
file_size: 8489023
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-01-29T14:35:02Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 38'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1049-5258
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Prediction-powered causal inferences
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 38
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '21089'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Hypertrace logic is a sorted first-order logic with separate sorts for time
and execution traces. Its formulas specify hyperproperties, which are properties
relating multiple traces. In this work, we extend hypertrace logic by introducing
trace quantifiers that range over the set of all possible traces. In this extended
logic, formulas can quantify over two kinds of trace variables: constrained trace
variables, which range over a fixed set of traces defined by the model, and unconstrained
trace variables, which can be assigned to any trace. In comparison, hyperlogics
such as HyperLTL have only constrained trace quantifiers. We use hypertrace logic
to study how different quantifier patterns affect the decidability of the satisfiability
problem. We prove that hypertrace logic without constrained trace quantifiers
is equivalent to monadic second-order logic of one successor (S1S), and therefore
satisfiable, and that the trace-prefixed fragment (all trace quantifiers precede
all time quantifiers) is equivalent to HyperQPTL. Moreover, we show that all hypertrace
formulas where the only alternation between constrained trace quantifiers is from
an existential to a universal quantifier are equisatisfiable to formulas without
constraints on their trace variables and, therefore, decidable as well. Our framework
allows us to study also time-prefixed hyperlogics, for which we provide new decidability
and undecidability results.'
acknowledgement: This work was supported in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
SFB project SpyCoDe 10.55776/F85 and by the ERC Advanced Grant VAMOS 101020093.
alternative_title:
- LIPIcs
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Marek
full_name: Chalupa, Marek
id: 87e34708-d6c6-11ec-9f5b-9391e7be2463
last_name: Chalupa
- first_name: Thomas A
full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Henzinger
orcid: 0000-0002-2985-7724
- first_name: Ana A
full_name: Oliveira da Costa, Ana A
id: 8b282559-50b0-11ef-861e-d6ace0d92e9b
last_name: Oliveira da Costa
citation:
ama: 'Chalupa M, Henzinger TA, Oliveira da Costa AA. Flavors of quantifiers in hyperlogics.
In: 45th Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical
Computer Science. Vol 360. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik;
2025:20:1-20:18. doi:10.4230/LIPICS.FSTTCS.2025.20'
apa: 'Chalupa, M., Henzinger, T. A., & Oliveira da Costa, A. A. (2025). Flavors
of quantifiers in hyperlogics. In 45th Annual Conference on Foundations of
Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (Vol. 360, p. 20:1-20:18).
Pilani, India: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPICS.FSTTCS.2025.20'
chicago: Chalupa, Marek, Thomas A Henzinger, and Ana A Oliveira da Costa. “Flavors
of Quantifiers in Hyperlogics.” In 45th Annual Conference on Foundations of
Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, 360:20:1-20:18. Schloss
Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPICS.FSTTCS.2025.20.
ieee: M. Chalupa, T. A. Henzinger, and A. A. Oliveira da Costa, “Flavors of quantifiers
in hyperlogics,” in 45th Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology
and Theoretical Computer Science, Pilani, India, 2025, vol. 360, p. 20:1-20:18.
ista: 'Chalupa M, Henzinger TA, Oliveira da Costa AA. 2025. Flavors of quantifiers
in hyperlogics. 45th Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and
Theoretical Computer Science. FSTTCS: Conference on Foundations of Software Technology
and Theoretical Computer Science, LIPIcs, vol. 360, 20:1-20:18.'
mla: Chalupa, Marek, et al. “Flavors of Quantifiers in Hyperlogics.” 45th Annual
Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science,
vol. 360, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2025, p. 20:1-20:18,
doi:10.4230/LIPICS.FSTTCS.2025.20.
short: M. Chalupa, T.A. Henzinger, A.A. Oliveira da Costa, in:, 45th Annual Conference
on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, Schloss
Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2025, p. 20:1-20:18.
conference:
end_date: 2025-12-19
location: Pilani, India
name: 'FSTTCS: Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical
Computer Science'
start_date: 2025-12-17
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-01-29T15:39:15Z
date_published: 2025-12-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-11T09:35:04Z
day: '09'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: ToHe
doi: 10.4230/LIPICS.FSTTCS.2025.20
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2510.12298'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 8188ee5c7b14193d48eeb655e9bbdc47
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-02-11T09:33:20Z
date_updated: 2026-02-11T09:33:20Z
file_id: '21213'
file_name: 2025_LIPIcS_Chalupa.pdf
file_size: 933970
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-02-11T09:33:20Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 360'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 20:1-20:18
project:
- _id: 34a1b658-11ca-11ed-8bc3-c75229f0241e
grant_number: F8502
name: Interface Theory for Security and Privacy
- _id: 62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '101020093'
name: Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software
publication: 45th Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical
Computer Science
publication_status: published
publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Flavors of quantifiers in hyperlogics
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 360
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '21090'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Fairness in AI is traditionally studied as a static property evaluated once,
over a fixed dataset. However, real-world AI systems operate sequentially, with
outcomes and environments evolving over time. This paper proposes a framework
for analysing fairness as a runtime property. Using a minimal yet expressive model
based on sequences of coin tosses with possibly evolving biases, we study the
problems of monitoring and enforcing fairness expressed in either toss outcomes
or coin biases. Since there is no one-size-fits-all solution for either problem,
we provide a summary of monitoring and enforcement strategies, parametrised by
environment dynamics, prediction horizon, and confidence thresholds. For both
problems, we present general results under simple or minimal assumptions. We survey
existing solutions for the monitoring problem for Markovian and additive dynamics,
and existing solutions for the enforcement problem in static settings with known
dynamics.
acknowledgement: 'This work is supported by the European Research Council under Grant
No.: ERC-2020-AdG 101020093.'
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Filip
full_name: Cano Cordoba, Filip
id: 708cad98-e86a-11ef-8098-bdae2d7c6af1
last_name: Cano Cordoba
orcid: 0000-0002-0783-904X
- first_name: Thomas A
full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Henzinger
orcid: 0000-0002-2985-7724
- first_name: Konstantin
full_name: Kueffner, Konstantin
id: 8121a2d0-dc85-11ea-9058-af578f3b4515
last_name: Kueffner
orcid: 0000-0001-8974-2542
citation:
ama: 'Cano Cordoba F, Henzinger TA, Kueffner K. Algorithmic fairness: A runtime
perspective. In: 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification.
Vol 16087. Springer Nature; 2025:1-21. doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1'
apa: 'Cano Cordoba, F., Henzinger, T. A., & Kueffner, K. (2025). Algorithmic
fairness: A runtime perspective. In 25th International Conference on Runtime
Verification (Vol. 16087, pp. 1–21). Graz, Austria: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1'
chicago: 'Cano Cordoba, Filip, Thomas A Henzinger, and Konstantin Kueffner. “Algorithmic
Fairness: A Runtime Perspective.” In 25th International Conference on Runtime
Verification, 16087:1–21. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1.'
ieee: 'F. Cano Cordoba, T. A. Henzinger, and K. Kueffner, “Algorithmic fairness:
A runtime perspective,” in 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification,
Graz, Austria, 2025, vol. 16087, pp. 1–21.'
ista: 'Cano Cordoba F, Henzinger TA, Kueffner K. 2025. Algorithmic fairness: A runtime
perspective. 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification. RV: Runtime
Verification, LNCS, vol. 16087, 1–21.'
mla: 'Cano Cordoba, Filip, et al. “Algorithmic Fairness: A Runtime Perspective.”
25th International Conference on Runtime Verification, vol. 16087, Springer
Nature, 2025, pp. 1–21, doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1.'
short: F. Cano Cordoba, T.A. Henzinger, K. Kueffner, in:, 25th International Conference
on Runtime Verification, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 1–21.
conference:
end_date: 2025-09-19
location: Graz, Austria
name: 'RV: Runtime Verification'
start_date: 2025-09-15
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-01-29T16:01:41Z
date_published: 2025-09-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-16T11:57:00Z
day: '13'
department:
- _id: ToHe
doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2507.20711'
intvolume: ' 16087'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2507.20711
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 1-21
project:
- _id: 62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '101020093'
name: Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software
publication: 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- '9783032054357'
eissn:
- 1611-3349
issn:
- 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Algorithmic fairness: A runtime perspective'
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 16087
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '21091'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Neural certificates have emerged as a powerful tool in cyber-physical systems
control, providing witnesses of correctness. These certificates, such as barrier
functions, often learned alongside control policies, once verified, serve as mathematical
proofs of system safety. However, traditional formal verification of their defining
conditions typically faces scalability challenges due to exhaustive state-space
exploration. To address this challenge, we propose a lightweight runtime monitoring
framework that integrates real-time verification and does not require access to
the underlying control policy. Our monitor observes the system during deployment
and performs on-the-fly verification of the certificate over a lookahead region
to ensure safety within a finite prediction horizon. We instantiate this framework
for ReLU-based control barrier functions and demonstrate its practical effectiveness
in a case study. Our approach enables timely detection of safety violations and
incorrect certificates with minimal overhead, providing an effective but lightweight
alternative to the static verification of the certificates.
acknowledgement: 'This work is supported by the European Research Council under Grant
No.: ERC-2020-AdG 101020093.'
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Henzinger
orcid: 0000-0002-2985-7724
- first_name: Konstantin
full_name: Kueffner, Konstantin
id: 8121a2d0-dc85-11ea-9058-af578f3b4515
last_name: Kueffner
orcid: 0000-0001-8974-2542
- first_name: Zhengqi
full_name: Yu, Zhengqi
id: 20aa2ae8-f2f1-11ed-bbfa-8205053f1342
last_name: Yu
orcid: 0000-0002-4993-773X
citation:
ama: 'Henzinger TA, Kueffner K, Yu E. Formal verification of neural certificates
done dynamically. In: 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification.
Vol 16087. Springer Nature; 2025:54-72. doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_4'
apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., Kueffner, K., & Yu, E. (2025). Formal verification of
neural certificates done dynamically. In 25th International Conference on Runtime
Verification (Vol. 16087, pp. 54–72). Graz, Austria: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_4'
chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, Konstantin Kueffner, and Emily Yu. “Formal Verification
of Neural Certificates Done Dynamically.” In 25th International Conference
on Runtime Verification, 16087:54–72. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_4.
ieee: T. A. Henzinger, K. Kueffner, and E. Yu, “Formal verification of neural certificates
done dynamically,” in 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification,
Graz, Austria, 2025, vol. 16087, pp. 54–72.
ista: 'Henzinger TA, Kueffner K, Yu E. 2025. Formal verification of neural certificates
done dynamically. 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification. RV: Runtime
Verification, LNCS, vol. 16087, 54–72.'
mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “Formal Verification of Neural Certificates Done
Dynamically.” 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification, vol.
16087, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 54–72, doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_4.
short: T.A. Henzinger, K. Kueffner, E. Yu, in:, 25th International Conference on
Runtime Verification, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 54–72.
conference:
end_date: 2025-09-19
location: Graz, Austria
name: 'RV: Runtime Verification'
start_date: 2025-09-15
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-01-29T16:03:01Z
date_published: 2025-09-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-16T11:53:25Z
day: '13'
department:
- _id: ToHe
doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_4
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2507.11987'
intvolume: ' 16087'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2507.11987
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 54-72
project:
- _id: 62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '101020093'
name: Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software
publication: 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- '9783032054357'
eissn:
- 1611-3349
issn:
- 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Formal verification of neural certificates done dynamically
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 16087
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '21092'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Formal verification provides assurances that a probabilistic system satisfies
its specification—conditioned on the system model being aligned with reality.
We propose alignment monitoring to watch that this assumption is justified. We
consider a probabilistic model well aligned if it accurately predicts the behaviour
of an uncertain system in advance. An alignment score measures this by quantifying
the similarity between the model’s predicted and the system’s (unknown) actual
distributions. An alignment monitor observes the system at runtime; at each point
in time it uses the current state and the model to predict the next state. After
the next state is observed, the monitor updates the verdict, which is a high-probability
interval estimate for the true alignment score. We utilize tools from sequential
forecasting to construct our alignment monitors. Besides a monitor for measuring
the expected alignment score, we introduce a differential alignment monitor, designed
for comparing two models, and a weighted alignment monitor, which permits task-specific
alignment monitoring. We evaluate our monitors experimentally on the PRISM benchmark
suite. They are fast, memory-efficient, and detect misalignment early.
acknowledgement: 'This work is supported by the European Research Council under Grant
No.: ERC-2020-AdG 101020093.'
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Thomas A
full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Henzinger
orcid: 0000-0002-2985-7724
- first_name: Konstantin
full_name: Kueffner, Konstantin
id: 8121a2d0-dc85-11ea-9058-af578f3b4515
last_name: Kueffner
orcid: 0000-0001-8974-2542
- first_name: Vasu
full_name: Singh, Vasu
id: 4DAE2708-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Singh
- first_name: I
full_name: Sun, I
last_name: Sun
citation:
ama: 'Henzinger TA, Kueffner K, Singh V, Sun I. Alignment monitoring. In: 25th
International Conference on Runtime Verification. Vol 16087. Springer Nature;
2025:140-159. doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_9'
apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., Kueffner, K., Singh, V., & Sun, I. (2025). Alignment
monitoring. In 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification (Vol.
16087, pp. 140–159). Graz, Austria: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_9'
chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, Konstantin Kueffner, Vasu Singh, and I Sun. “Alignment
Monitoring.” In 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification,
16087:140–59. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_9.
ieee: T. A. Henzinger, K. Kueffner, V. Singh, and I. Sun, “Alignment monitoring,”
in 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification, Graz, Austria,
2025, vol. 16087, pp. 140–159.
ista: 'Henzinger TA, Kueffner K, Singh V, Sun I. 2025. Alignment monitoring. 25th
International Conference on Runtime Verification. RV: Runtime Verification, LNCS,
vol. 16087, 140–159.'
mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “Alignment Monitoring.” 25th International
Conference on Runtime Verification, vol. 16087, Springer Nature, 2025, pp.
140–59, doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_9.
short: T.A. Henzinger, K. Kueffner, V. Singh, I. Sun, in:, 25th International Conference
on Runtime Verification, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 140–159.
conference:
end_date: 2025-09-19
location: Graz, Austria
name: 'RV: Runtime Verification'
start_date: 2025-09-15
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-01-29T16:03:43Z
date_published: 2025-09-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-16T11:56:38Z
day: '13'
department:
- _id: ToHe
doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_9
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2508.00021'
intvolume: ' 16087'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.00021
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 140-159
project:
- _id: 62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '101020093'
name: Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software
publication: 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- '9783032054357'
eissn:
- 1611-3349
issn:
- 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Alignment monitoring
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 16087
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '21093'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We propose a monitoring approach for hyperproperties where the system’s observations
range over infinite domains. The specifications are given as formulas of symbolic
hypernode logic, an extension of earlier versions of hypernode logic that supports
events with data. We demonstrate how to translate terms of symbolic hypernode
logic into multi-tape symbolic transducers and we present a monitoring algorithm
for universally quantified formulas that is based on this translation. We evaluate
our approach against the previous approach for monitoring hypernode logic, and
we also compare it to other monitors for hyperproperties.
acknowledgement: This work was supported in part by the ERC-2020-AdG 101020093 and
in part by the FWF-2022-SFB F8502 (SPyCoDe).
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Marek
full_name: Chalupa, Marek
id: 87e34708-d6c6-11ec-9f5b-9391e7be2463
last_name: Chalupa
- first_name: Thomas A
full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Henzinger
orcid: 0000-0002-2985-7724
- first_name: Ana A
full_name: Oliveira da Costa, Ana A
id: 8b282559-50b0-11ef-861e-d6ace0d92e9b
last_name: Oliveira da Costa
citation:
ama: 'Chalupa M, Henzinger TA, Oliveira da Costa AA. Monitoring hypernode logic
over infinite domains. In: 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification.
Vol 16087. Springer Nature; 2025:417-437. doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_23'
apa: 'Chalupa, M., Henzinger, T. A., & Oliveira da Costa, A. A. (2025). Monitoring
hypernode logic over infinite domains. In 25th International Conference on
Runtime Verification (Vol. 16087, pp. 417–437). Graz, Austria: Springer Nature.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_23'
chicago: Chalupa, Marek, Thomas A Henzinger, and Ana A Oliveira da Costa. “Monitoring
Hypernode Logic over Infinite Domains.” In 25th International Conference on
Runtime Verification, 16087:417–37. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_23.
ieee: M. Chalupa, T. A. Henzinger, and A. A. Oliveira da Costa, “Monitoring hypernode
logic over infinite domains,” in 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification,
Graz, Austria, 2025, vol. 16087, pp. 417–437.
ista: 'Chalupa M, Henzinger TA, Oliveira da Costa AA. 2025. Monitoring hypernode
logic over infinite domains. 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification.
RV: Runtime Verification, LNCS, vol. 16087, 417–437.'
mla: Chalupa, Marek, et al. “Monitoring Hypernode Logic over Infinite Domains.”
25th International Conference on Runtime Verification, vol. 16087, Springer
Nature, 2025, pp. 417–37, doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_23.
short: M. Chalupa, T.A. Henzinger, A.A. Oliveira da Costa, in:, 25th International
Conference on Runtime Verification, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 417–437.
conference:
end_date: 2025-09-19
location: Graz, Austria
name: 'RV: Runtime Verification'
start_date: 2025-09-15
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-01-29T16:04:31Z
date_published: 2025-09-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-16T11:59:20Z
day: '13'
department:
- _id: ToHe
doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_23
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2508.02301'
intvolume: ' 16087'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.02301
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 417-437
project:
- _id: 62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '101020093'
name: Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software
- _id: 34a1b658-11ca-11ed-8bc3-c75229f0241e
grant_number: F8502
name: Interface Theory for Security and Privacy
publication: 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification
publication_identifier:
eisbn:
- '9783032054357'
eissn:
- 1611-3349
issn:
- 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Monitoring hypernode logic over infinite domains
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 16087
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21121'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The relation between the masses of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their
host galaxies encodes information on their mode of growth, especially at the earliest
epochs. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has opened such investigations by
detecting the host galaxies of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and more luminous
quasars within the first billion years of the Universe (z ≳ 6). Here, we evaluate
the relation between the mass of SMBHs and the total stellar mass of their host
galaxies using a sample of nine quasars at 6.18 ≤ z ≤ 6.4 from the Subaru High-z
Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars survey with NIRCam and NIRSpec observations.
We find that the observed location of these quasars in the SMBH–galaxy mass plane
(logMBH/M 8–9; logM*/M 9.5–11) is consistent with a nonevolving intrinsic mass
relation with dispersion (0.80 +0.23 -0.28 dex) higher than the local value (∼0.3–0.4
dex) of their more massive descendants. Our analysis is based on a forward model
of systematics and includes a consideration of the impact of selection effects
and measurement uncertainties with an assumption on the slope of the mass relation.
While degeneracies between parameters persist, the best-fit solution has a reasonable
AGN fraction (2.3%) of galaxies at z ∼ 6 with an actively growing UV-unobscured
black hole. In particular, models with a substantially higher normalisation in
MBH would require an unrealistically low intrinsic dispersion (∼0.22 dex). Consequently,
our results predict a large population of AGN at lower black hole masses, as are
now just starting to be discovered in focused efforts with JWST.
acknowledgement: 'This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James
Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space
Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association
of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127
for JWST. These observations are associated with programs GO #1967 and GO #3859.
The specific observations analyzed can be accessed via DOI: 10.17909/719q-cn32.
Support for these programs was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope
Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research
in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127. This work was supported by
World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan. This
work used computing resources at Kavli IPMU. J.S. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI (JP22H01262).
M.O. is supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI
grant No. 24K22894. Y.M. was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of
Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grant No. 21H04494. M.V. gratefully acknowledges financial
support from the Independent Research Fund Denmark via grant numbers DFF 8021-00130
and 3103-00146 and from the Carlsberg Foundation via grant CF23-0417. S.E.I.B. is
supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Emmy Noether grant
number BO 5771/1-1. K.I. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (12073003, 11721303, 11991052). K.I. acknowledges support under
the grant PID2022-136827NB-C44 provided by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 / FEDER,
UE. A.L. acknowledges support from PRIN MUR 2022— Project “2022935STW.” J.T.S. is
supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—project
number 518006966. F.W. acknowledges support from NSF award AST-2513040. M.H. acknowledges
support from the FNS under the SNSF starting grant 218032. B.T. acknowledges support
from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation program (grant agreement number 950533) and from the Excellence
Cluster ORIGINS, which is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German
Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC 2094—390783311.'
article_number: L67
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: John David
full_name: Silverman, John David
last_name: Silverman
- first_name: Junyao
full_name: Li, Junyao
last_name: Li
- first_name: Xuheng
full_name: Ding, Xuheng
last_name: Ding
- first_name: Masafusa
full_name: Onoue, Masafusa
last_name: Onoue
- first_name: Michael A.
full_name: Strauss, Michael A.
last_name: Strauss
- first_name: Yoshiki
full_name: Matsuoka, Yoshiki
last_name: Matsuoka
- first_name: Takuma
full_name: Izumi, Takuma
last_name: Izumi
- first_name: Knud
full_name: Jahnke, Knud
last_name: Jahnke
- first_name: Tommaso
full_name: Treu, Tommaso
last_name: Treu
- first_name: Marta
full_name: Volonteri, Marta
last_name: Volonteri
- first_name: Camryn L.
full_name: Phillips, Camryn L.
last_name: Phillips
- first_name: Irham T.
full_name: Andika, Irham T.
last_name: Andika
- first_name: Kentaro
full_name: Aoki, Kentaro
last_name: Aoki
- first_name: Junya
full_name: Arita, Junya
last_name: Arita
- first_name: Shunsuke
full_name: Baba, Shunsuke
last_name: Baba
- first_name: Sarah E. I.
full_name: Bosman, Sarah E. I.
last_name: Bosman
- first_name: Anna-Christina
full_name: Eilers, Anna-Christina
last_name: Eilers
- first_name: Xiaohui
full_name: Fan, Xiaohui
last_name: Fan
- first_name: Seiji
full_name: Fujimoto, Seiji
last_name: Fujimoto
- first_name: Melanie
full_name: Habouzit, Melanie
last_name: Habouzit
- first_name: Zoltán
full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
last_name: Haiman
orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
- first_name: Masatoshi
full_name: Imanishi, Masatoshi
last_name: Imanishi
- first_name: Kohei
full_name: Inayoshi, Kohei
last_name: Inayoshi
- first_name: Kazushi
full_name: Iwasawa, Kazushi
last_name: Iwasawa
- first_name: Nobunari
full_name: Kashikawa, Nobunari
last_name: Kashikawa
- first_name: Toshihiro
full_name: Kawaguchi, Toshihiro
last_name: Kawaguchi
- first_name: Chien-Hsiu
full_name: Lee, Chien-Hsiu
last_name: Lee
- first_name: Alessandro
full_name: Lupi, Alessandro
last_name: Lupi
- first_name: Tohru
full_name: Nagao, Tohru
last_name: Nagao
- first_name: Jan-Torge
full_name: Schindler, Jan-Torge
last_name: Schindler
- first_name: Malte
full_name: Schramm, Malte
last_name: Schramm
- first_name: Kazuhiro
full_name: Shimasaku, Kazuhiro
last_name: Shimasaku
- first_name: Yoshiki
full_name: Toba, Yoshiki
last_name: Toba
- first_name: Benny
full_name: Trakhtenbrot, Benny
last_name: Trakhtenbrot
- first_name: Hideki
full_name: Umehata, Hideki
last_name: Umehata
- first_name: Marianne
full_name: Vestergaard, Marianne
last_name: Vestergaard
- first_name: Fabian
full_name: Walter, Fabian
last_name: Walter
- first_name: Feige
full_name: Wang, Feige
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Jinyi
full_name: Yang, Jinyi
last_name: Yang
citation:
ama: Silverman JD, Li J, Ding X, et al. SHELLQs–JWST perspective on the intrinsic
mass relation between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies at z >
6. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2025;995(2). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae279c
apa: Silverman, J. D., Li, J., Ding, X., Onoue, M., Strauss, M. A., Matsuoka, Y.,
… Yang, J. (2025). SHELLQs–JWST perspective on the intrinsic mass relation between
supermassive black holes and their host galaxies at z > 6. The Astrophysical
Journal Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae279c
chicago: Silverman, John David, Junyao Li, Xuheng Ding, Masafusa Onoue, Michael
A. Strauss, Yoshiki Matsuoka, Takuma Izumi, et al. “SHELLQs–JWST Perspective on
the Intrinsic Mass Relation between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
at z > 6.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing, 2025.
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae279c.
ieee: J. D. Silverman et al., “SHELLQs–JWST perspective on the intrinsic
mass relation between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies at z >
6,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 995, no. 2. IOP Publishing,
2025.
ista: Silverman JD, Li J, Ding X, Onoue M, Strauss MA, Matsuoka Y, Izumi T, Jahnke
K, Treu T, Volonteri M, Phillips CL, Andika IT, Aoki K, Arita J, Baba S, Bosman
SEI, Eilers A-C, Fan X, Fujimoto S, Habouzit M, Haiman Z, Imanishi M, Inayoshi
K, Iwasawa K, Kashikawa N, Kawaguchi T, Lee C-H, Lupi A, Nagao T, Schindler J-T,
Schramm M, Shimasaku K, Toba Y, Trakhtenbrot B, Umehata H, Vestergaard M, Walter
F, Wang F, Yang J. 2025. SHELLQs–JWST perspective on the intrinsic mass relation
between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies at z > 6. The Astrophysical
Journal Letters. 995(2), L67.
mla: Silverman, John David, et al. “SHELLQs–JWST Perspective on the Intrinsic Mass
Relation between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies at z > 6.”
The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 995, no. 2, L67, IOP Publishing,
2025, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae279c.
short: J.D. Silverman, J. Li, X. Ding, M. Onoue, M.A. Strauss, Y. Matsuoka, T. Izumi,
K. Jahnke, T. Treu, M. Volonteri, C.L. Phillips, I.T. Andika, K. Aoki, J. Arita,
S. Baba, S.E.I. Bosman, A.-C. Eilers, X. Fan, S. Fujimoto, M. Habouzit, Z. Haiman,
M. Imanishi, K. Inayoshi, K. Iwasawa, N. Kashikawa, T. Kawaguchi, C.-H. Lee, A.
Lupi, T. Nagao, J.-T. Schindler, M. Schramm, K. Shimasaku, Y. Toba, B. Trakhtenbrot,
H. Umehata, M. Vestergaard, F. Walter, F. Wang, J. Yang, The Astrophysical Journal
Letters 995 (2025).
date_created: 2026-01-31T09:27:53Z
date_published: 2025-12-17T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T07:02:39Z
day: '17'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: ZoHa
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae279c
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2507.23066'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: e38c0c444be9c1507eec28c62ce04cbc
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-02-10T06:56:37Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T06:56:37Z
file_id: '21202'
file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJounalLetters_Silvermann.pdf
file_size: 997137
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-02-10T06:56:37Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 995'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-8213
issn:
- 2041-8205
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: SHELLQs–JWST perspective on the intrinsic mass relation between supermassive
black holes and their host galaxies at z > 6
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 995
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21122'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The multimessenger combination of gravitational waves (GWs) from merging massive
black hole binaries (MBHBs) and the electromagnetic (EM) counterpart from the
surrounding circumbinary disc (CBD) will open avenues to new scientific pursuits.
In order to realize this science, we need to correctly localize the host galaxy
of the merging MBHB. Multiwavelength, time-dependent EM signatures can greatly
facilitate the identification of the unique EM counterpart among many sources
in LISA’s localization volume. To this end, we studied merging unequal-mass MBHBs
embedded in a CBD using high-resolution 2D simulations, with a $\Gamma$-law equation of
state, incorporating viscous heating, shock heating, and radiative cooling. We
simulate each binary starting from before it decouples from the CBD until just
after the merger. We compute EM signatures and identify distinct features before,
during, and after the merger. We corroborate previous findings of a several orders
of magnitude drop in the thermal X-ray luminosity near the time of merger, but
with delayed timing compared to an equal-mass system. The source remains X-ray
dark for hours post-merger. Our main results are a potential new signature of
a sharp spike in the thermal X-ray emission just before the tell-tale steep drop
occurs. This feature may further help to identify EM counterparts of LISA’s unequal
MBHBs before merger without the need for extensive pre-merger monitoring. Additionally,
we find a role-reversal in which the primary out-accretes the secondary during
late inspiral, which may diminish signatures originating from Doppler modulation.
acknowledgement: 'We acknowledge support from the Nationale Wetenschapsagenda Roadmap
grant ‘Gravitational Waves Laser Interferometer Space Antenna/Einstein Telescope:
Shivers from the Deep Universe: A National Infrastructure for Gravitational Wave
Research’ (LMK), National Science Foundation grant AST-2006176 (ZH), and National
Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrophysics Theory Program grant 80NSSC22K0822
(AM and ZH). JD was supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration through
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51552.001A,
awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association
of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under National Aeronautics
and Space Administration contract NAS5-26555. This research was supported in part
by the National Science Foundation under grant no. NSF PHY-1748958. This research
has made use of National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Astrophysics Data
System. Resources supporting this work were provided by the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research
Center. Software: python (Oliphant 2007; Millman & Aivazis 2011), scipy (Jones
et al. 2001), numpy (van der Walt, Colbert & Varoquaux 2011), and matplotlib (Hunter
2007).'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Luke Major
full_name: Krauth, Luke Major
last_name: Krauth
- first_name: Jordy
full_name: Davelaar, Jordy
last_name: Davelaar
- first_name: Zoltán
full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
last_name: Haiman
orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
- first_name: John Ryan
full_name: Westernacher-Schneider, John Ryan
last_name: Westernacher-Schneider
- first_name: Jonathan
full_name: Zrake, Jonathan
last_name: Zrake
- first_name: Andrew
full_name: MacFadyen, Andrew
last_name: MacFadyen
citation:
ama: Krauth LM, Davelaar J, Haiman Z, Westernacher-Schneider JR, Zrake J, MacFadyen
A. Thermal X-ray signatures in late-stage unequal-mass massive black hole binary
mergers. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2025;543(3):2670-2685.
doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1583
apa: Krauth, L. M., Davelaar, J., Haiman, Z., Westernacher-Schneider, J. R., Zrake,
J., & MacFadyen, A. (2025). Thermal X-ray signatures in late-stage unequal-mass
massive black hole binary mergers. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1583
chicago: Krauth, Luke Major, Jordy Davelaar, Zoltán Haiman, John Ryan Westernacher-Schneider,
Jonathan Zrake, and Andrew MacFadyen. “Thermal X-Ray Signatures in Late-Stage
Unequal-Mass Massive Black Hole Binary Mergers.” Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1583.
ieee: L. M. Krauth, J. Davelaar, Z. Haiman, J. R. Westernacher-Schneider, J. Zrake,
and A. MacFadyen, “Thermal X-ray signatures in late-stage unequal-mass massive
black hole binary mergers,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
vol. 543, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 2670–2685, 2025.
ista: Krauth LM, Davelaar J, Haiman Z, Westernacher-Schneider JR, Zrake J, MacFadyen
A. 2025. Thermal X-ray signatures in late-stage unequal-mass massive black hole
binary mergers. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 543(3), 2670–2685.
mla: Krauth, Luke Major, et al. “Thermal X-Ray Signatures in Late-Stage Unequal-Mass
Massive Black Hole Binary Mergers.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society, vol. 543, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2025, pp. 2670–85, doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1583.
short: L.M. Krauth, J. Davelaar, Z. Haiman, J.R. Westernacher-Schneider, J. Zrake,
A. MacFadyen, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 543 (2025) 2670–2685.
date_created: 2026-01-31T09:28:28Z
date_published: 2025-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T07:10:21Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: ZoHa
doi: 10.1093/mnras/staf1583
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2503.01494'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: f9b4c6a606df9493f6eb6af5ebcca6db
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-02-10T07:07:17Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T07:07:17Z
file_id: '21203'
file_name: 2025_MonthlyNoticesRAS_Krauth.pdf
file_size: 3689696
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-02-10T07:07:17Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 543'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 2670-2685
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Thermal X-ray signatures in late-stage unequal-mass massive black hole binary
mergers
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 543
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21123'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We present a study of the late-time interaction between supermassive black
hole binaries and retrograde circumbinary disks during the period of gravitational
wave-driven inspiral. While mergers in prograde disks have received extensive
study, retrograde disks offer distinct dynamics that could promote mergers and
produce unique observational signatures. Through 2D numerical hydrodynamical simulations,
we explore the process of binary-disk decoupling, where the binary’s orbital decay
rate is faster than the disk’s viscous response rate. We find the point of decoupling
to be comparable in prograde and retrograde disks, suggesting that any associated
electromagnetic (EM) signatures will be produced at comparable times preceding
the merger. However, we find smaller central cavities for retrograde disks, likely
leading to higher-frequency EM emissions and shorter postmerger rebrightening
timescales compared to their prograde counterparts. Retrograde disks form intrabinary
bridges, which are prone to instabilities when the viscosity is low. These instabilities
manifest as quasiperiodic flares in the accretion rate, which may produce distinctive
EM signatures for retrograde disks.
acknowledgement: 'D.J.D., C.T., and D.O.N. acknowledge support from the Danish Independent
Research Fund through Sapere Aude Starting grant No. 121587, led by D.J.D. We are
grateful to the anonymous referee for the insightful comments and suggestions for
improving the manuscript. This work was also supported in part by the LISA Preparatory
Science Program (LPS) through NASA grant 80NSSC24K0440, by NASA Astrophysics Theory
Program (ATP) grant 80NSSC22K0822, and by the European Union’s Horizon research
and innovation program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101148364.
This work made use of the following software packages: Sailfish (J. Zrake & A. MacFadyen
2024), numpy (C. R. Harris et al. 2020), Python (G. Van Rossum & F. L. Drake 2009),
and scipy (P. Virtanen et al. 2020; R. Gommers et al. 2024). Software citation information
aggregated using The Software Citation Station (T. Wagg & F. S. Broekgaarden 2024;
T. Wagg et al. 2024). The Tycho supercomputer hosted at the SCIENCE HPC center at
the University of Copenhagen was used in this work.'
article_number: '206'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: David
full_name: O’Neill, David
last_name: O’Neill
- first_name: Christopher
full_name: Tiede, Christopher
last_name: Tiede
- first_name: Daniel J.
full_name: D’Orazio, Daniel J.
last_name: D’Orazio
- first_name: Zoltán
full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
last_name: Haiman
orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
- first_name: Andrew
full_name: MacFadyen, Andrew
last_name: MacFadyen
citation:
ama: O’Neill D, Tiede C, D’Orazio DJ, Haiman Z, MacFadyen A. Gravitational wave
decoupling in retrograde circumbinary disks. The Astrophysical Journal.
2025;993(2). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae0ca8
apa: O’Neill, D., Tiede, C., D’Orazio, D. J., Haiman, Z., & MacFadyen, A. (2025).
Gravitational wave decoupling in retrograde circumbinary disks. The Astrophysical
Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae0ca8
chicago: O’Neill, David, Christopher Tiede, Daniel J. D’Orazio, Zoltán Haiman, and
Andrew MacFadyen. “Gravitational Wave Decoupling in Retrograde Circumbinary Disks.”
The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae0ca8.
ieee: D. O’Neill, C. Tiede, D. J. D’Orazio, Z. Haiman, and A. MacFadyen, “Gravitational
wave decoupling in retrograde circumbinary disks,” The Astrophysical Journal,
vol. 993, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2025.
ista: O’Neill D, Tiede C, D’Orazio DJ, Haiman Z, MacFadyen A. 2025. Gravitational
wave decoupling in retrograde circumbinary disks. The Astrophysical Journal. 993(2),
206.
mla: O’Neill, David, et al. “Gravitational Wave Decoupling in Retrograde Circumbinary
Disks.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 993, no. 2, 206, IOP Publishing,
2025, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae0ca8.
short: D. O’Neill, C. Tiede, D.J. D’Orazio, Z. Haiman, A. MacFadyen, The Astrophysical
Journal 993 (2025).
date_created: 2026-01-31T09:28:50Z
date_published: 2025-11-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T07:22:28Z
day: '05'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: ZoHa
doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae0ca8
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2501.11679'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 65d0a3af314b5706407ad1b57a4ea89d
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-02-10T07:19:52Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T07:19:52Z
file_id: '21205'
file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJournal_ONeill.pdf
file_size: 8071909
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-02-10T07:19:52Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 993'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1538-4357
issn:
- 0004-637X
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Gravitational wave decoupling in retrograde circumbinary disks
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 993
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21124'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The advent of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has opened new horizons
in the study of quasar host galaxies during the reionization epoch (z > 6). Building
upon our previous initial measurements of stellar light from two quasar host galaxies
at these redshifts, we now report the detection of the stellar light from the
full Cycle 1 sample of 12 distant moderate-luminosity quasar (M1450 > −24 mag)
host galaxies at z > 6 from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program. Using
JWST/NIRCam observations at 1.5 and 3.6 μm combined with 2D image decomposition
analysis, we successfully detect the host galaxies in 11 of the 12 targets, underscoring
the high detection rates achievable with moderate-luminosity quasars. Based on
two-band photometry and spectral energy distribution fitting, we find that our
host galaxies are massive, with log M*/M⊙ = 9.5–11.0. The effective radii range
from 0.6 to 3.2 kpc, comparable to the sizes of inactive galaxies with similar
masses at z ∼ 6 as measured with imaging from COSMOS-Web. Intriguingly, the two
quasar hosts with post-starburst features, which reside at the high-mass end of
our sample and exhibit relatively compact morphologies, have similar size and
stellar mass surface densities to quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 4–5. These findings
suggest that the so-called galaxy compaction scenario is already in place at the
reionization epoch, in which gas inflows during starburst phases drive centrally
concentrated star formation followed by rapid quenching, bridging the structural
transition of massive galaxies from relatively extended star-forming disks to
compact quiescent systems.
acknowledgement: "We sincerely thank Xiaohui Fan and Shenli Tang for their valuable
discussions and insightful suggestions.\r\n\r\nThis work is based on observations
made with the NASA/ESA/CSA JWST. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive
for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated
by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract
NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with programs GO #1967,
GO #3859, and GO #1727. Support for these programs was provided by NASA through
a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association
of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127.
This work was supported by the World Premier International Research Center Initiative
(WPI), MEXT, Japan. This work used computing resources at Kavli IPMU. All the JWST
data used in this paper can be found in MAST: doi:10.17909/hqaf-an74.\r\n\r\nSupport
for this work was provided by NASA through grant JWST-GO-01727 awarded by the Space
Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities
for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. X.D. is supported
by Wuhan University's Double First-Class funding. M.O. is supported by the Japan
Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grant No. G24K22894. Y.M. is
supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grant
No. 21H04494. S.E.I.B. is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
under Emmy Noether grant No. B.O. 5771/1-1. J.S. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI (JP22H01262)
and the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan.
K.I. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(12073003, 11721303, 11991052). A.L. acknowledges support from PRIN MUR 2022—Project
“2022935STW” J.T.S. is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German
Research Foundation)—Project No. 518006966. M.V. gratefully acknowledges financial
support from the Independent Research Fund Denmark via grant Nos. DFF 8021-00130
and 3103-00146. K.I. acknowledges support under grant PID2022-136827NB-C44 provided
by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE. F.W. acknowledges support from NSF
award AST-2513040."
article_number: '91'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Xuheng
full_name: Ding, Xuheng
last_name: Ding
- first_name: Masafusa
full_name: Onoue, Masafusa
last_name: Onoue
- first_name: John D.
full_name: Silverman, John D.
last_name: Silverman
- first_name: Yoshiki
full_name: Matsuoka, Yoshiki
last_name: Matsuoka
- first_name: Takuma
full_name: Izumi, Takuma
last_name: Izumi
- first_name: Michael A.
full_name: Strauss, Michael A.
last_name: Strauss
- first_name: Lilan
full_name: Yang, Lilan
last_name: Yang
- first_name: Knud
full_name: Jahnke, Knud
last_name: Jahnke
- first_name: Camryn L.
full_name: Phillips, Camryn L.
last_name: Phillips
- first_name: Tommaso
full_name: Treu, Tommaso
last_name: Treu
- first_name: Irham T.
full_name: Andika, Irham T.
last_name: Andika
- first_name: Kentaro
full_name: Aoki, Kentaro
last_name: Aoki
- first_name: Junya
full_name: Arita, Junya
last_name: Arita
- first_name: Shunsuke
full_name: Baba, Shunsuke
last_name: Baba
- first_name: Sarah E. I.
full_name: Bosman, Sarah E. I.
last_name: Bosman
- first_name: Anna-Christina
full_name: Eilers, Anna-Christina
last_name: Eilers
- first_name: Seiji
full_name: Fujimoto, Seiji
last_name: Fujimoto
- first_name: Zoltán
full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
last_name: Haiman
orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
- first_name: Masatoshi
full_name: Imanishi, Masatoshi
last_name: Imanishi
- first_name: Kohei
full_name: Inayoshi, Kohei
last_name: Inayoshi
- first_name: Kazushi
full_name: Iwasawa, Kazushi
last_name: Iwasawa
- first_name: Jeyhan
full_name: Kartaltepe, Jeyhan
last_name: Kartaltepe
- first_name: Nobunari
full_name: Kashikawa, Nobunari
last_name: Kashikawa
- first_name: Toshihiro
full_name: Kawaguchi, Toshihiro
last_name: Kawaguchi
- first_name: Junyao
full_name: Li, Junyao
last_name: Li
- first_name: Chien-Hsiu
full_name: Lee, Chien-Hsiu
last_name: Lee
- first_name: Alessandro
full_name: Lupi, Alessandro
last_name: Lupi
- first_name: Jan-Torge
full_name: Schindler, Jan-Torge
last_name: Schindler
- first_name: Malte
full_name: Schramm, Malte
last_name: Schramm
- first_name: Kazuhiro
full_name: Shimasaku, Kazuhiro
last_name: Shimasaku
- first_name: Marko
full_name: Shuntov, Marko
last_name: Shuntov
- first_name: Takumi S.
full_name: Tanaka, Takumi S.
last_name: Tanaka
- first_name: Yoshiki
full_name: Toba, Yoshiki
last_name: Toba
- first_name: Benny
full_name: Trakhtenbrot, Benny
last_name: Trakhtenbrot
- first_name: Hideki
full_name: Umehata, Hideki
last_name: Umehata
- first_name: Marianne
full_name: Vestergaard, Marianne
last_name: Vestergaard
- first_name: Feige
full_name: Wang, Feige
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Jinyi
full_name: Yang, Jinyi
last_name: Yang
citation:
ama: Ding X, Onoue M, Silverman JD, et al. SHELLQs-JWST unveils the host galaxies
of 12 quasars at z > 6. The Astrophysical Journal. 2025;993(1). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae045b
apa: Ding, X., Onoue, M., Silverman, J. D., Matsuoka, Y., Izumi, T., Strauss, M.
A., … Yang, J. (2025). SHELLQs-JWST unveils the host galaxies of 12 quasars at
z > 6. The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae045b
chicago: Ding, Xuheng, Masafusa Onoue, John D. Silverman, Yoshiki Matsuoka, Takuma
Izumi, Michael A. Strauss, Lilan Yang, et al. “SHELLQs-JWST Unveils the Host Galaxies
of 12 Quasars at z > 6.” The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing,
2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae045b.
ieee: X. Ding et al., “SHELLQs-JWST unveils the host galaxies of 12 quasars
at z > 6,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 993, no. 1. IOP Publishing,
2025.
ista: Ding X, Onoue M, Silverman JD, Matsuoka Y, Izumi T, Strauss MA, Yang L, Jahnke
K, Phillips CL, Treu T, Andika IT, Aoki K, Arita J, Baba S, Bosman SEI, Eilers
A-C, Fujimoto S, Haiman Z, Imanishi M, Inayoshi K, Iwasawa K, Kartaltepe J, Kashikawa
N, Kawaguchi T, Li J, Lee C-H, Lupi A, Schindler J-T, Schramm M, Shimasaku K,
Shuntov M, Tanaka TS, Toba Y, Trakhtenbrot B, Umehata H, Vestergaard M, Wang F,
Yang J. 2025. SHELLQs-JWST unveils the host galaxies of 12 quasars at z >
6. The Astrophysical Journal. 993(1), 91.
mla: Ding, Xuheng, et al. “SHELLQs-JWST Unveils the Host Galaxies of 12 Quasars
at z > 6.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 993, no. 1, 91, IOP Publishing,
2025, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae045b.
short: X. Ding, M. Onoue, J.D. Silverman, Y. Matsuoka, T. Izumi, M.A. Strauss, L.
Yang, K. Jahnke, C.L. Phillips, T. Treu, I.T. Andika, K. Aoki, J. Arita, S. Baba,
S.E.I. Bosman, A.-C. Eilers, S. Fujimoto, Z. Haiman, M. Imanishi, K. Inayoshi,
K. Iwasawa, J. Kartaltepe, N. Kashikawa, T. Kawaguchi, J. Li, C.-H. Lee, A. Lupi,
J.-T. Schindler, M. Schramm, K. Shimasaku, M. Shuntov, T.S. Tanaka, Y. Toba, B.
Trakhtenbrot, H. Umehata, M. Vestergaard, F. Wang, J. Yang, The Astrophysical
Journal 993 (2025).
date_created: 2026-01-31T09:29:11Z
date_published: 2025-10-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T07:44:42Z
day: '28'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: ZoHa
doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae045b
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2505.03876'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 36decd55832a270ce62086c1a279a254
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-02-10T07:42:21Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T07:42:21Z
file_id: '21206'
file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJournal_Ding.pdf
file_size: 10064937
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-02-10T07:42:21Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 993'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1538-4357
issn:
- 0004-637X
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: SHELLQs-JWST unveils the host galaxies of 12 quasars at z > 6
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 993
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '21125'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "The thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect (tSZ) is a sensitive probe of cosmology,
as it traces the abundance of galaxy clusters and groups in the late-time Universe.
Upcoming cosmic microwave background experiments such as the Simons Observatory
(SO) and CMB-S4 will provide low-noise and high-resolution component-separated
tSZ maps covering a large sky fraction. The tSZ signal is highly non-Gaussian;
therefore, higher-order statistics are needed to optimally extract information
from these maps. In this work, we study the cosmological constraining power of
several tSZ statistics—Minkowski functionals (MFs), peaks, minima, and moments—that
have yielded promising results in capturing non-Gaussian information from other
cosmological data. Using a large suite of halo-model-based tSZ simulations with
varying Ω\U0001D450 and \U0001D70E8 (154 cosmologies and over 800,000 maps, each
10.5×10.5 deg2), we show that by combining these observables, we can achieve
\ ≈29 × tighter constraints compared to using the tSZ power spectrum alone in
an idealized noiseless case, with the MFs dominating the constraints. We show
that much of the MF constraining power arises from halos below the detection threshold
of cluster surveys, suggesting promising synergies with cluster-count analyses.
Finally, we demonstrate that these statistics have the potential to deliver tight
constraints even in the presence of noise. For example, using post-component-separation
tSZ noise expected for SO, we obtain ≈1.6 × and ≈1.8 × tighter constraints than
the power spectrum with MFs and all statistics combined, respectively. We show
that the constraints from MFs approach the noiseless case for white-noise levels
≲1 \U0001D707K−arcmin."
article_number: '103536'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Alina
full_name: Sabyr, Alina
last_name: Sabyr
- first_name: J. Colin
full_name: Hill, J. Colin
last_name: Hill
- first_name: Zoltán
full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
last_name: Haiman
orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
citation:
ama: 'Sabyr A, Hill JC, Haiman Z. Constraining cosmology with thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich
maps: Minkowski functionals, peaks, minima, and moments. Physical Review D.
2025;111(10). doi:10.1103/physrevd.111.103536'
apa: 'Sabyr, A., Hill, J. C., & Haiman, Z. (2025). Constraining cosmology with
thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich maps: Minkowski functionals, peaks, minima, and moments.
Physical Review D. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.103536'
chicago: 'Sabyr, Alina, J. Colin Hill, and Zoltán Haiman. “Constraining Cosmology
with Thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Maps: Minkowski Functionals, Peaks, Minima, and
Moments.” Physical Review D. American Physical Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.103536.'
ieee: 'A. Sabyr, J. C. Hill, and Z. Haiman, “Constraining cosmology with thermal
Sunyaev-Zel’dovich maps: Minkowski functionals, peaks, minima, and moments,” Physical
Review D, vol. 111, no. 10. American Physical Society, 2025.'
ista: 'Sabyr A, Hill JC, Haiman Z. 2025. Constraining cosmology with thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich
maps: Minkowski functionals, peaks, minima, and moments. Physical Review D. 111(10),
103536.'
mla: 'Sabyr, Alina, et al. “Constraining Cosmology with Thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich
Maps: Minkowski Functionals, Peaks, Minima, and Moments.” Physical Review D,
vol. 111, no. 10, 103536, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:10.1103/physrevd.111.103536.'
short: A. Sabyr, J.C. Hill, Z. Haiman, Physical Review D 111 (2025).
date_created: 2026-01-31T09:29:24Z
date_published: 2025-05-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T08:11:17Z
day: '28'
doi: 10.1103/physrevd.111.103536
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2410.21247'
intvolume: ' 111'
issue: '10'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.21247
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: Physical Review D
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2470-0029
issn:
- 2470-0010
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Constraining cosmology with thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich maps: Minkowski functionals,
peaks, minima, and moments'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 111
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '21126'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Subparsec supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries are expected to be common
in active galactic nuclei as a result of the hierarchical buildup of galaxies
via mergers. While direct evidence for these compact binaries is lacking, a few
hundred candidates have been identified, most based on the apparent periodicities
of their optical light curves. Since these signatures can be mimicked by active
galactic nuclei red noise, additional evidence is needed to confirm their binary
nature. Recurring self-lensing flares, occurring whenever the two BHs are aligned
with the line of sight within their Einstein radii, have been suggested as additional
binary signatures. Furthermore, in many cases, lensing flares are also predicted
to contain a “dip,” whenever the lensed SMBH’s shadow is comparable in angular
size to the binary’s Einstein radius. This feature would unambiguously confirm
binaries and additionally identify SMBH shadows that are spatially unresolvable
by high-resolution Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). Here we estimate
the number of quasars for which these dips may be detectable by Legacy Survey
of Space and Time (LSST) by extrapolating the quasar luminosity function to faint
magnitudes and assuming that SMBH binaries are randomly oriented and have mass
ratios following those in the Illustris simulations. Under plausible assumptions
about quasar lifetimes, binary fractions, and Eddington ratios, we expect tens
of thousands of detectable flares, of which several dozen contain measurable dips.
article_number: '063011'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Kevin
full_name: Park, Kevin
last_name: Park
- first_name: Chengcheng
full_name: Xin, Chengcheng
last_name: Xin
- first_name: Jordy
full_name: Davelaar, Jordy
last_name: Davelaar
- first_name: Zoltán
full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
last_name: Haiman
orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
citation:
ama: Park K, Xin C, Davelaar J, Haiman Z. Self-lensing flares from black hole binaries.
IV. The number of detectable shadows. Physical Review D. 2025;111(6). doi:10.1103/physrevd.111.063011
apa: Park, K., Xin, C., Davelaar, J., & Haiman, Z. (2025). Self-lensing flares
from black hole binaries. IV. The number of detectable shadows. Physical Review
D. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.063011
chicago: Park, Kevin, Chengcheng Xin, Jordy Davelaar, and Zoltán Haiman. “Self-Lensing
Flares from Black Hole Binaries. IV. The Number of Detectable Shadows.” Physical
Review D. American Physical Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.063011.
ieee: K. Park, C. Xin, J. Davelaar, and Z. Haiman, “Self-lensing flares from black
hole binaries. IV. The number of detectable shadows,” Physical Review D,
vol. 111, no. 6. American Physical Society, 2025.
ista: Park K, Xin C, Davelaar J, Haiman Z. 2025. Self-lensing flares from black
hole binaries. IV. The number of detectable shadows. Physical Review D. 111(6),
063011.
mla: Park, Kevin, et al. “Self-Lensing Flares from Black Hole Binaries. IV. The
Number of Detectable Shadows.” Physical Review D, vol. 111, no. 6, 063011,
American Physical Society, 2025, doi:10.1103/physrevd.111.063011.
short: K. Park, C. Xin, J. Davelaar, Z. Haiman, Physical Review D 111 (2025).
date_created: 2026-01-31T09:29:42Z
date_published: 2025-03-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T08:14:10Z
day: '04'
doi: 10.1103/physrevd.111.063011
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2409.04583'
intvolume: ' 111'
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.04583
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: Physical Review D
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2470-0029
issn:
- 2470-0010
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Self-lensing flares from black hole binaries. IV. The number of detectable
shadows
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 111
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21127'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "The early growth of black holes (BHs) in atomic-cooling haloes is likely
influenced by feedback on the surrounding gas. While the effects of radiative
feedback are well-documented, mechanical feedback, particularly from active galactic
nucleus (AGN) jets, has been comparatively less explored. Building on our previous
work that examined the growth of a 100 M BH in a constant density environment
regulated by AGN jets, we expand the initial BH mass range from 1 to 104 M and
adopt a more realistic density profile for atomic-cooling haloes. We reaffirm
the validity of our analytic models for jet cocoon propagation and feedback regulation.
We identify several critical radii – namely, the terminal radius of jet cocoon
propagation, the isotropization radius of the jet cocoon, and the core radius
of the atomic-cooling halo – that are crucial in determining BH growth given specific
gas properties and jet feedback parameters. In a significant portion of the parameter
space, our findings show that jet feedback substantially disrupts the halo’s core
during the initial feedback episode, preventing BH growth beyond 104 M.\r\nConversely,
conditions characterized by low jet velocities and high gas densities enable sustained
BH growth over extended periods. We provide a prediction for the BH mass growth
as a function of time and feedback parameters. We found that, to form a supermassive
BH (> 106 M) within 1 Gyr entirely by accreting gas from an atomic-cooling halo,
the jet energy feedback\r\nefficiency must be 10−4M˙ BHc2 even if the seed BH
mass is 104 M."
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Kung-Yi
full_name: Su, Kung-Yi
last_name: Su
- first_name: Greg L
full_name: Bryan, Greg L
last_name: Bryan
- first_name: Zoltán
full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
last_name: Haiman
orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
citation:
ama: 'Su K-Y, Bryan GL, Haiman Z. Self-regulation of high-redshift black hole accretion
via jets: Challenges for SMBH formation. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society. 2025;538(1):11-30. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf228'
apa: 'Su, K.-Y., Bryan, G. L., & Haiman, Z. (2025). Self-regulation of high-redshift
black hole accretion via jets: Challenges for SMBH formation. Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf228'
chicago: 'Su, Kung-Yi, Greg L Bryan, and Zoltán Haiman. “Self-Regulation of High-Redshift
Black Hole Accretion via Jets: Challenges for SMBH Formation.” Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf228.'
ieee: 'K.-Y. Su, G. L. Bryan, and Z. Haiman, “Self-regulation of high-redshift black
hole accretion via jets: Challenges for SMBH formation,” Monthly Notices of
the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 538, no. 1. Oxford University Press,
pp. 11–30, 2025.'
ista: 'Su K-Y, Bryan GL, Haiman Z. 2025. Self-regulation of high-redshift black
hole accretion via jets: Challenges for SMBH formation. Monthly Notices of the
Royal Astronomical Society. 538(1), 11–30.'
mla: 'Su, Kung-Yi, et al. “Self-Regulation of High-Redshift Black Hole Accretion
via Jets: Challenges for SMBH Formation.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society, vol. 538, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2025, pp. 11–30, doi:10.1093/mnras/staf228.'
short: K.-Y. Su, G.L. Bryan, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society 538 (2025) 11–30.
date_created: 2026-01-31T09:29:59Z
date_published: 2025-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T08:36:54Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '520'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/staf228
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2409.12250'
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 538'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf228
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 11-30
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Self-regulation of high-redshift black hole accretion via jets: Challenges
for SMBH formation'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 538
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21128'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The brightest steady sources of radiation in the universe, active galactic
nuclei (AGNs), are powered by gas accretion on to a central supermassive black
hole (SMBH). The large sizes and accretion rates implicated in AGN accretion discs
are expected to lead to gravitational instability and fragmentation, effectively
cutting off mass inflow to the SMBH. Radiative feedback from disc-embedded stars
has been invoked to yield marginally stable, steady-state solutions in the outer
discs. Here, we examine the consequences of this star formation with a semi-analytical
model in which stellar-mass black hole (sBH) remnants in the disc provide an additional
source of stabilizing radiative feedback. Assuming star formation seeds the embedded
sBH population, we model the time-evolving feedback from both stars and the growing
population of accreting sBHs. We find that in the outer disc, the luminosity of
the sBHs quickly dominates that of their parent stars. However, because sBHs consume
less gas than stars to stabilize the disc, the presence of the sBHs enhances the
mass flux to the inner disc. As a result, star formation persists over the lifetime
of the AGN, damped in the outer disc, but amplified in a narrow ring in the inner
disc. Heating from the embedded sBHs significantly modifies the disc’s temperature
profile and hardens its spectral energy distribution, and direct emission from
the sBHs adds a new hard X-ray component.
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Marguerite
full_name: Epstein-Martin, Marguerite
last_name: Epstein-Martin
- first_name: Hiromichi
full_name: Tagawa, Hiromichi
last_name: Tagawa
- first_name: Zoltán
full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
last_name: Haiman
orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
- first_name: Rosalba
full_name: Perna, Rosalba
last_name: Perna
citation:
ama: Epstein-Martin M, Tagawa H, Haiman Z, Perna R. Time-dependent models of AGN
discs with radiation from embedded stellar-mass black holes. Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2025;537(4):3396-3420. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf237
apa: Epstein-Martin, M., Tagawa, H., Haiman, Z., & Perna, R. (2025). Time-dependent
models of AGN discs with radiation from embedded stellar-mass black holes. Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf237
chicago: Epstein-Martin, Marguerite, Hiromichi Tagawa, Zoltán Haiman, and Rosalba
Perna. “Time-Dependent Models of AGN Discs with Radiation from Embedded Stellar-Mass
Black Holes.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford
University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf237.
ieee: M. Epstein-Martin, H. Tagawa, Z. Haiman, and R. Perna, “Time-dependent models
of AGN discs with radiation from embedded stellar-mass black holes,” Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 537, no. 4. Oxford University
Press, pp. 3396–3420, 2025.
ista: Epstein-Martin M, Tagawa H, Haiman Z, Perna R. 2025. Time-dependent models
of AGN discs with radiation from embedded stellar-mass black holes. Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society. 537(4), 3396–3420.
mla: Epstein-Martin, Marguerite, et al. “Time-Dependent Models of AGN Discs with
Radiation from Embedded Stellar-Mass Black Holes.” Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society, vol. 537, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2025, pp.
3396–420, doi:10.1093/mnras/staf237.
short: M. Epstein-Martin, H. Tagawa, Z. Haiman, R. Perna, Monthly Notices of the
Royal Astronomical Society 537 (2025) 3396–3420.
date_created: 2026-01-31T09:30:19Z
date_published: 2025-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T09:00:44Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '520'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/staf237
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2405.09380'
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 537'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf237
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 3396-3420
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Time-dependent models of AGN discs with radiation from embedded stellar-mass
black holes
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 537
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21129'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Recent hydrodynamical simulations have shown that circumbinary gas disks drive
the orbits of massive binary black holes (BHs) to become eccentric, even when
general relativistic (GR) corrections to the orbit are significant. Here, we study
the GR apsidal precession of eccentric equal-mass massive binary BHs in circumbinary
disks via two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations. We perform a suite of simulations
comparing precessing and nonprecessing binaries across a range of eccentricities,
semimajor axes, and precession rates. We find that the GR precession of the binary’s
semimajor axis can introduce a dominant modulation in the binary’s accretion rate
and the corresponding high-energy electromagnetic light curves. We discuss the
conditions under which this occurs and its detailed characteristics and mechanism.
Finally, we discuss the potential to observe these precession signatures in electromagnetic-
and gravitational-wave observations, as well as the precession signal’s unique
importance as a potential tool to constrain the mass, eccentricity, and semimajor
axis of binary merger events.
article_number: '55'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Stanislav
full_name: DeLaurentiis, Stanislav
last_name: DeLaurentiis
- first_name: Zoltán
full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
last_name: Haiman
orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
- first_name: John Ryan
full_name: Westernacher-Schneider, John Ryan
last_name: Westernacher-Schneider
- first_name: Luke Major
full_name: Krauth, Luke Major
last_name: Krauth
- first_name: Jordy
full_name: Davelaar, Jordy
last_name: Davelaar
- first_name: Jonathan
full_name: Zrake, Jonathan
last_name: Zrake
- first_name: Andrew
full_name: MacFadyen, Andrew
last_name: MacFadyen
citation:
ama: 'DeLaurentiis S, Haiman Z, Westernacher-Schneider JR, et al. Relativistic binary
precession: Impact on eccentric massive binary black hole accretion and hydrodynamics.
The Astrophysical Journal. 2025;980(1). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ada612'
apa: 'DeLaurentiis, S., Haiman, Z., Westernacher-Schneider, J. R., Krauth, L. M.,
Davelaar, J., Zrake, J., & MacFadyen, A. (2025). Relativistic binary precession:
Impact on eccentric massive binary black hole accretion and hydrodynamics. The
Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada612'
chicago: 'DeLaurentiis, Stanislav, Zoltán Haiman, John Ryan Westernacher-Schneider,
Luke Major Krauth, Jordy Davelaar, Jonathan Zrake, and Andrew MacFadyen. “Relativistic
Binary Precession: Impact on Eccentric Massive Binary Black Hole Accretion and
Hydrodynamics.” The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada612.'
ieee: 'S. DeLaurentiis et al., “Relativistic binary precession: Impact on
eccentric massive binary black hole accretion and hydrodynamics,” The Astrophysical
Journal, vol. 980, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2025.'
ista: 'DeLaurentiis S, Haiman Z, Westernacher-Schneider JR, Krauth LM, Davelaar
J, Zrake J, MacFadyen A. 2025. Relativistic binary precession: Impact on eccentric
massive binary black hole accretion and hydrodynamics. The Astrophysical Journal.
980(1), 55.'
mla: 'DeLaurentiis, Stanislav, et al. “Relativistic Binary Precession: Impact on
Eccentric Massive Binary Black Hole Accretion and Hydrodynamics.” The Astrophysical
Journal, vol. 980, no. 1, 55, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ada612.'
short: S. DeLaurentiis, Z. Haiman, J.R. Westernacher-Schneider, L.M. Krauth, J.
Davelaar, J. Zrake, A. MacFadyen, The Astrophysical Journal 980 (2025).
date_created: 2026-01-31T09:30:34Z
date_published: 2025-02-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T09:06:07Z
day: '04'
doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ada612
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2405.07897'
intvolume: ' 980'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada612
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1538-4357
issn:
- 0004-637X
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Relativistic binary precession: Impact on eccentric massive binary black hole
accretion and hydrodynamics'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 980
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21131'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) impairs motor preparation due to basal
ganglia dysfunction, contributing to motor deficits. Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation
(GVS), a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, shows promise in enhancing motor
function in PD, but its underlying neural mechanisms are poorly understood. This
study employs a Deep Koopman model to linearize and analyze preparatory EEG dynamics
in PD, hypothesizing that GVS restores cortical activity patterns critical for
motor planning.\r\nMethods: EEG data from 18 PD participants (on/off medication)
and 18 healthy controls were collected during a preparatory phase of a motor task
under three conditions: sham, GVS1 (50–100 Hz multi-sine), and GVS2 (100–150 Hz
multi-sine). A Deep Koopman framework mapped EEG signals into a three-dimensional
latent space for linear dynamical analysis. Temporal dynamics were assessed via
eigenvalue analysis, spatial contributions via regression-based scalp mapping,
and motor performance correlations via Pearson’s coefficients. A Linear Quadratic
Regulator (LQR) simulated control of PD dynamics toward healthy patterns.\r\nResults:
The Deep Koopman model accurately captured EEG dynamics, with eigenvalue analysis
showing no significant temporal dynamic differences across groups. Spatial contribution
analysis revealed that PD-Off sham conditions deviated most from healthy control
EEG patterns, while GVS and medication significantly reduced these deviations,
aligning PD patterns closer to controls. Closer alignment correlated with improved
motor performance metrics, including reduced reaction and squeeze times. LQR control
effectively guided PD neural dynamics toward healthy trajectories in the latent
space.\r\nDiscussion: GVS enhances motor preparation in PD by restoring healthy
cortical EEG patterns, with additive benefits from dopaminergic medication. The
Deep Koopman framework offers a powerful approach for dissecting complex EEG dynamics
and designing targeted neuromodulation strategies. These findings elucidate GVS’s
therapeutic mechanisms and highlight its potential for personalized PD interventions,
warranting further exploration in larger cohorts and varied stimulation protocols."
article_number: '1566566'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Maryam
full_name: Kia, Maryam
last_name: Kia
- first_name: Maryam S.
full_name: Mirian, Maryam S.
last_name: Mirian
- first_name: Saeed
full_name: Soori, Saeed
last_name: Soori
- first_name: Saeed
full_name: Saedi, Saeed
last_name: Saedi
- first_name: Emad
full_name: Arasteh, Emad
last_name: Arasteh
- first_name: Mohamadhosein
full_name: Faramarzi, Mohamadhosein
id: 9b785ee7-712d-11f0-b3a8-f7a45b28b9c3
last_name: Faramarzi
orcid: 0009-0003-2174-3938
- first_name: Abhijit
full_name: Chinchani, Abhijit
last_name: Chinchani
- first_name: Soojin
full_name: Lee, Soojin
last_name: Lee
- first_name: Artur
full_name: Luczak, Artur
last_name: Luczak
- first_name: Martin J.
full_name: McKeown, Martin J.
last_name: McKeown
citation:
ama: Kia M, Mirian MS, Soori S, et al. Koopman-based linearization of preparatory
EEG dynamics in Parkinson’s disease during galvanic vestibular stimulation. Frontiers
in Human Neuroscience. 2025;19. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2025.1566566
apa: Kia, M., Mirian, M. S., Soori, S., Saedi, S., Arasteh, E., Faramarzi, M., …
McKeown, M. J. (2025). Koopman-based linearization of preparatory EEG dynamics
in Parkinson’s disease during galvanic vestibular stimulation. Frontiers in
Human Neuroscience. Frontiers Media. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1566566
chicago: Kia, Maryam, Maryam S. Mirian, Saeed Soori, Saeed Saedi, Emad Arasteh,
Mohamadhosein Faramarzi, Abhijit Chinchani, Soojin Lee, Artur Luczak, and Martin
J. McKeown. “Koopman-Based Linearization of Preparatory EEG Dynamics in Parkinson’s
Disease during Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation.” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.
Frontiers Media, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1566566.
ieee: M. Kia et al., “Koopman-based linearization of preparatory EEG dynamics
in Parkinson’s disease during galvanic vestibular stimulation,” Frontiers in
Human Neuroscience, vol. 19. Frontiers Media, 2025.
ista: Kia M, Mirian MS, Soori S, Saedi S, Arasteh E, Faramarzi M, Chinchani A, Lee
S, Luczak A, McKeown MJ. 2025. Koopman-based linearization of preparatory EEG
dynamics in Parkinson’s disease during galvanic vestibular stimulation. Frontiers
in Human Neuroscience. 19, 1566566.
mla: Kia, Maryam, et al. “Koopman-Based Linearization of Preparatory EEG Dynamics
in Parkinson’s Disease during Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation.” Frontiers in
Human Neuroscience, vol. 19, 1566566, Frontiers Media, 2025, doi:10.3389/fnhum.2025.1566566.
short: M. Kia, M.S. Mirian, S. Soori, S. Saedi, E. Arasteh, M. Faramarzi, A. Chinchani,
S. Lee, A. Luczak, M.J. McKeown, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 19 (2025).
date_created: 2026-01-31T23:07:16Z
date_published: 2025-05-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-10T09:21:56Z
day: '14'
ddc:
- '570'
doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2025.1566566
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '40438537'
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 19'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1566566
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1662-5161
publication_status: published
publisher: Frontiers Media
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Koopman-based linearization of preparatory EEG dynamics in Parkinson’s disease
during galvanic vestibular stimulation
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 19
year: '2025'
...