---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '18357'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'This paper explores the problem of similarity criteria between nonrigid shapes.
    Broadly speaking, such criteria are divided into intrinsic and extrinsic, the
    first referring to the metric structure of the object and the latter to how it
    is laid out in the Euclidean space. Both criteria have their advantages and disadvantages:
    extrinsic similarity is sensitive to nonrigid deformations, while intrinsic similarity
    is sensitive to topological noise. In this paper, we approach the problem from
    the perspective of metric geometry. We show that by unifying the extrinsic and
    intrinsic similarity criteria, it is possible to obtain a stronger topology-invariant
    similarity, suitable for comparing deformed shapes with different topology. We
    construct this new joint criterion as a tradeoff between the extrinsic and intrinsic
    similarity and use it as a set-valued distance. Numerical results demonstrate
    the efficiency of our approach in cases where using either extrinsic or intrinsic
    criteria alone would fail.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bronstein, Alexander
  id: 58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6
  last_name: Bronstein
  orcid: 0000-0001-9699-8730
- first_name: Michael M.
  full_name: Bronstein, Michael M.
  last_name: Bronstein
- first_name: Ron
  full_name: Kimmel, Ron
  last_name: Kimmel
citation:
  ama: Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R. Topology-invariant similarity of nonrigid
    shapes. <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>. 2009;81(3):281-301. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2">10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2</a>
  apa: Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., &#38; Kimmel, R. (2009). Topology-invariant
    similarity of nonrigid shapes. <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>.
    Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2</a>
  chicago: Bronstein, Alex M., Michael M. Bronstein, and Ron Kimmel. “Topology-Invariant
    Similarity of Nonrigid Shapes.” <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>.
    Springer Nature, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2</a>.
  ieee: A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, and R. Kimmel, “Topology-invariant similarity
    of nonrigid shapes,” <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 81,
    no. 3. Springer Nature, pp. 281–301, 2009.
  ista: Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R. 2009. Topology-invariant similarity
    of nonrigid shapes. International Journal of Computer Vision. 81(3), 281–301.
  mla: Bronstein, Alex M., et al. “Topology-Invariant Similarity of Nonrigid Shapes.”
    <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 81, no. 3, Springer Nature,
    2009, pp. 281–301, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2">10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2</a>.
  short: A.M. Bronstein, M.M. Bronstein, R. Kimmel, International Journal of Computer
    Vision 81 (2009) 281–301.
date_created: 2024-10-15T11:20:54Z
date_published: 2009-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-10-22T07:27:15Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        81'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 281-301
publication: International Journal of Computer Vision
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1573-1405
  issn:
  - 0920-5691
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Topology-invariant similarity of nonrigid shapes
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 81
year: '2009'
...
---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '18391'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We introduce a design of a coded light-based 3D color video camera optimized
    for build up cost as well as accuracy in depth reconstruction and acquisition
    speed. The components of the system include a monochromatic camera and an off-the-shelf
    LED projector synchronized by a miniature circuit. The projected patterns are
    captured and processed at a rate of 200 fps and allow for real-time reconstruction
    of both depth and color at video rates. The reconstruction and display are performed
    at around 30 depth profiles and color texture per second using a graphics processing
    unit (GPU).
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: O.
  full_name: Rubinstein, O.
  last_name: Rubinstein
- first_name: Y.
  full_name: Honen, Y.
  last_name: Honen
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bronstein, Alexander
  id: 58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6
  last_name: Bronstein
  orcid: 0000-0001-9699-8730
- first_name: M. M.
  full_name: Bronstein, M. M.
  last_name: Bronstein
- first_name: R.
  full_name: Kimmel, R.
  last_name: Kimmel
citation:
  ama: 'Rubinstein O, Honen Y, Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R. 3D-color video
    camera. In: <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>.
    IEEE; 2009. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457433">10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457433</a>'
  apa: 'Rubinstein, O., Honen, Y., Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., &#38; Kimmel,
    R. (2009). 3D-color video camera. In <i>12th International Conference on Computer
    Vision Workshops</i>. Kyoto, Japan: IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457433">https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457433</a>'
  chicago: Rubinstein, O., Y. Honen, Alex M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, and R. Kimmel.
    “3D-Color Video Camera.” In <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision
    Workshops</i>. IEEE, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457433">https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457433</a>.
  ieee: O. Rubinstein, Y. Honen, A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, and R. Kimmel,
    “3D-color video camera,” in <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision
    Workshops</i>, Kyoto, Japan, 2009.
  ista: 'Rubinstein O, Honen Y, Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R. 2009. 3D-color
    video camera. 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops. ICCV:
    International Conference on Computer Vision.'
  mla: Rubinstein, O., et al. “3D-Color Video Camera.” <i>12th International Conference
    on Computer Vision Workshops</i>, IEEE, 2009, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457433">10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457433</a>.
  short: O. Rubinstein, Y. Honen, A.M. Bronstein, M.M. Bronstein, R. Kimmel, in:,
    12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, IEEE, 2009.
conference:
  end_date: 2009-10-04
  location: Kyoto, Japan
  name: 'ICCV: International Conference on Computer Vision'
  start_date: 2009-09-27
date_created: 2024-10-15T11:20:54Z
date_published: 2009-10-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-19T13:00:24Z
day: '15'
doi: 10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457433
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
publication: 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 3D-color video camera
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '18392'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Feature-based methods have recently gained popularity in computer vision and
    pattern recognition communities, in applications such as object recognition and
    image retrieval. In this paper, we explore analogous approaches in the 3D world
    applied to the problem of non-rigid shape search and retrieval in large databases.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Maks
  full_name: Ovsjanikov, Maks
  last_name: Ovsjanikov
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bronstein, Alexander
  id: 58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6
  last_name: Bronstein
  orcid: 0000-0001-9699-8730
- first_name: Michael M.
  full_name: Bronstein, Michael M.
  last_name: Bronstein
- first_name: Leonidas J.
  full_name: Guibas, Leonidas J.
  last_name: Guibas
citation:
  ama: 'Ovsjanikov M, Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Guibas LJ. Shape Google: A computer
    vision approach to isometry invariant shape retrieval. In: <i>12th International
    Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>. IEEE; 2009. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457682">10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457682</a>'
  apa: 'Ovsjanikov, M., Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., &#38; Guibas, L. J. (2009).
    Shape Google: A computer vision approach to isometry invariant shape retrieval.
    In <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>. Kyoto, Japan:
    IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457682">https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457682</a>'
  chicago: 'Ovsjanikov, Maks, Alex M. Bronstein, Michael M. Bronstein, and Leonidas
    J. Guibas. “Shape Google: A Computer Vision Approach to Isometry Invariant Shape
    Retrieval.” In <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>.
    IEEE, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457682">https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457682</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Ovsjanikov, A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, and L. J. Guibas, “Shape
    Google: A computer vision approach to isometry invariant shape retrieval,” in
    <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>, Kyoto, Japan,
    2009.'
  ista: 'Ovsjanikov M, Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Guibas LJ. 2009. Shape Google:
    A computer vision approach to isometry invariant shape retrieval. 12th International
    Conference on Computer Vision Workshops. ICCV: International Conference on Computer
    Vision.'
  mla: 'Ovsjanikov, Maks, et al. “Shape Google: A Computer Vision Approach to Isometry
    Invariant Shape Retrieval.” <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision
    Workshops</i>, IEEE, 2009, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457682">10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457682</a>.'
  short: M. Ovsjanikov, A.M. Bronstein, M.M. Bronstein, L.J. Guibas, in:, 12th International
    Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, IEEE, 2009.
conference:
  end_date: 2009-10-04
  location: Kyoto, Japan
  name: 'ICCV: International Conference on Computer Vision'
  start_date: 2009-10-27
date_created: 2024-10-15T11:20:54Z
date_published: 2009-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-18T10:38:45Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457682
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
publication: 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9781424444427'
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Shape Google: A computer vision approach to isometry invariant shape retrieval'
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '18393'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Shape-from-X is a generic type of inverse problems in computer vision, in
    which a shape is reconstructed from some measurements. A specially challenging
    setting of this problem is the case in which the reconstructed shapes are non-rigid.
    In this paper, we propose a framework for intrinsic regularization of such problems.
    The assumption is that we have the geometric structure of a shape which is intrinsically
    (up to bending) similar to the one we would like to reconstruct. For that goal,
    we formulate a variation with respect to vertex coordinates of a triangulated
    mesh approximating the continuous shape. The numerical core of the proposed method
    is based on differentiating the fast marching update step for geodesic distance
    computation.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Yohai S.
  full_name: Devir, Yohai S.
  last_name: Devir
- first_name: Guy
  full_name: Rosman, Guy
  last_name: Rosman
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bronstein, Alexander
  id: 58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6
  last_name: Bronstein
  orcid: 0000-0001-9699-8730
- first_name: Michael M.
  full_name: Bronstein, Michael M.
  last_name: Bronstein
- first_name: Ron
  full_name: Kimmel, Ron
  last_name: Kimmel
citation:
  ama: 'Devir YS, Rosman G, Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R. On reconstruction
    of non-rigid shapes with intrinsic regularization. In: <i>12th International Conference
    on Computer Vision Workshops</i>. IEEE; 2009. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457688">10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457688</a>'
  apa: 'Devir, Y. S., Rosman, G., Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., &#38; Kimmel,
    R. (2009). On reconstruction of non-rigid shapes with intrinsic regularization.
    In <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>. Kyoto, Japan:
    IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457688">https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457688</a>'
  chicago: Devir, Yohai S., Guy Rosman, Alex M. Bronstein, Michael M. Bronstein, and
    Ron Kimmel. “On Reconstruction of Non-Rigid Shapes with Intrinsic Regularization.”
    In <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>. IEEE, 2009.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457688">https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457688</a>.
  ieee: Y. S. Devir, G. Rosman, A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, and R. Kimmel, “On
    reconstruction of non-rigid shapes with intrinsic regularization,” in <i>12th
    International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>, Kyoto, Japan, 2009.
  ista: 'Devir YS, Rosman G, Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R. 2009. On reconstruction
    of non-rigid shapes with intrinsic regularization. 12th International Conference
    on Computer Vision Workshops. ICCV: International Conference on Computer Vision.'
  mla: Devir, Yohai S., et al. “On Reconstruction of Non-Rigid Shapes with Intrinsic
    Regularization.” <i>12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops</i>,
    IEEE, 2009, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457688">10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457688</a>.
  short: Y.S. Devir, G. Rosman, A.M. Bronstein, M.M. Bronstein, R. Kimmel, in:, 12th
    International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, IEEE, 2009.
conference:
  end_date: 2009-10-04
  location: Kyoto, Japan
  name: 'ICCV: International Conference on Computer Vision'
  start_date: 2009-09-27
date_created: 2024-10-15T11:20:54Z
date_published: 2009-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-18T10:29:12Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1109/iccvw.2009.5457688
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
publication: 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9781424444427'
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: On reconstruction of non-rigid shapes with intrinsic regularization
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '18438'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Partial matching of geometric structures is important in computer vision,
    pattern recognition and shape analysis applications. The problem consists of matching
    similar parts of shapes that may be dissimilar as a whole. Recently, it was proposed
    to consider partial similarity as a multi-criterion optimization problem trying
    to simultaneously maximize the similarity and the significance of the matching
    parts. A major challenge in that framework is providing a quantitative measure
    of the significance of a part of an object. Here, we define the significance of
    a part of a shape by its discriminative power with respect do a given shape database
    — that is, the uniqueness of the part. We define a point-wise significance density
    using a statistical weighting approach similar to the term frequency-inverse document
    frequency (tf-idf) weighting employed in search engines. The significance measure
    of a given part is obtained by integrating over this density. Numerical experiments
    show that the proposed approach produces intuitive significant parts, and demonstrate
    an improvement in the performance of partial matching between shapes. '
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bronstein, Alexander
  id: 58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6
  last_name: Bronstein
  orcid: 0000-0001-9699-8730
- first_name: Michael M.
  full_name: Bronstein, Michael M.
  last_name: Bronstein
- first_name: Yair
  full_name: Carmon, Yair
  last_name: Carmon
- first_name: Ron
  full_name: Kimmel, Ron
  last_name: Kimmel
citation:
  ama: Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Carmon Y, Kimmel R. Partial similarity of shapes
    using a statistical significance measure. <i>IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision
    and Applications</i>. 2009;1:105-114. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105">10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105</a>
  apa: Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., Carmon, Y., &#38; Kimmel, R. (2009). Partial
    similarity of shapes using a statistical significance measure. <i>IPSJ Transactions
    on Computer Vision and Applications</i>. Information Processing Society of Japan.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105">https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105</a>
  chicago: Bronstein, Alex M., Michael M. Bronstein, Yair Carmon, and Ron Kimmel.
    “Partial Similarity of Shapes Using a Statistical Significance Measure.” <i>IPSJ
    Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications</i>. Information Processing Society
    of Japan, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105">https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105</a>.
  ieee: A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, Y. Carmon, and R. Kimmel, “Partial similarity
    of shapes using a statistical significance measure,” <i>IPSJ Transactions on Computer
    Vision and Applications</i>, vol. 1. Information Processing Society of Japan,
    pp. 105–114, 2009.
  ista: Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Carmon Y, Kimmel R. 2009. Partial similarity of
    shapes using a statistical significance measure. IPSJ Transactions on Computer
    Vision and Applications. 1, 105–114.
  mla: Bronstein, Alex M., et al. “Partial Similarity of Shapes Using a Statistical
    Significance Measure.” <i>IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications</i>,
    vol. 1, Information Processing Society of Japan, 2009, pp. 105–14, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105">10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105</a>.
  short: A.M. Bronstein, M.M. Bronstein, Y. Carmon, R. Kimmel, IPSJ Transactions on
    Computer Vision and Applications 1 (2009) 105–114.
date_created: 2024-10-15T11:20:55Z
date_published: 2009-03-31T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-12-18T16:01:54Z
day: '31'
doi: 10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjtcva.1.105
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 105-114
publication: IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1882-6695
publication_status: published
publisher: Information Processing Society of Japan
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Partial similarity of shapes using a statistical significance measure
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 1
year: '2009'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '18726'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The high sensitivity of JWST will open a new window on the end of the cosmological
    dark ages. Small stellar clusters, with a stellar mass of several × 106 M⊙, and
    low-mass black holes (BHs), with a mass of several $× 105 M⊙ should be directly
    detectable out to redshift z = 10, and individual supernovae (SNe) and gamma ray
    burst GRB afterglows are bright enough to be visible beyond this redshift. Dense
    primordial gas, in the process of collapsing from large scales to form protogalaxies,
    may also be possible to image through diffuse recombination line emission, possibly
    even before stars or BHs are formed. In this article, I discuss the key physical
    processes that are expected to have determined the sizes of the first star–clusters
    and black holes, and the prospect of studying these objects by direct detections
    with JWST and with other instruments. The direct light emitted by the very first
    stellar clusters and intermediate-mass black holes at z > 10 will likely fall
    below JWST’s detection threshold. However, JWST could reveal a decline at the
    faint-end of the high-redshift luminosity function, and thereby shed light on
    radiative and other feedback effects that operate at these early epochs. JWST
    will also have the sensitivity to detect individual SNe from beyond z = 10. In
    a dedicated survey lasting for several weeks, thousands of SNe could be detected
    at z > 6, with a redshift distribution extending to the formation of the very
    first stars at z ≳ 15. Using these SNe as tracers may be the only method to map
    out the earliest stages of the cosmic star–formation history. Finally, we point
    out that studying the earliest objects at high redshift will also offer a new
    window on the primordial power spectrum, on ∼100 times smaller scales than probed
    by current large-scale structure data.
alternative_title:
- Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
  orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
citation:
  ama: 'Haiman Z. Observing the first stars and black holes. In: <i>Astrophysics and
    Space Science Proceedings</i>. Dordrecht: Springer Nature; 2009:385-418. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15">10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15</a>'
  apa: 'Haiman, Z. (2009). Observing the first stars and black holes. In <i>Astrophysics
    and Space Science Proceedings</i> (pp. 385–418). Dordrecht: Springer Nature. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15</a>'
  chicago: 'Haiman, Zoltán. “Observing the First Stars and Black Holes.” In <i>Astrophysics
    and Space Science Proceedings</i>, 385–418. Dordrecht: Springer Nature, 2009.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15</a>.'
  ieee: Z. Haiman, “Observing the first stars and black holes,” in <i>Astrophysics
    and Space Science Proceedings</i>, 2009, pp. 385–418.
  ista: Haiman Z. 2009. Observing the first stars and black holes. Astrophysics and
    Space Science Proceedings. , Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, , 385–418.
  mla: Haiman, Zoltán. “Observing the First Stars and Black Holes.” <i>Astrophysics
    and Space Science Proceedings</i>, Springer Nature, 2009, pp. 385–418, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15">10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15</a>.
  short: Z. Haiman, in:, Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, Springer Nature,
    Dordrecht, 2009, pp. 385–418.
date_created: 2025-01-03T12:09:18Z
date_published: 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-01-03T12:14:49Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '0809.3926'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/0809.3926
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 385-418
place: Dordrecht
publication: Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - '9781402094576'
  eissn:
  - 1570-6605
  isbn:
  - '9781402094569'
  issn:
  - 1570-6591
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Observing the first stars and black holes
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2009'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '18735'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The high sensitivity of JWST will open a new window on the end of the cosmological
    dark ages. Small stellar clusters, with a stellar mass of several × 106 M⊙, and
    low-mass black holes (BHs), with a mass of several $× 105 M⊙ should be directly
    detectable out to redshift z = 10, and individual supernovae (SNe) and gamma ray
    burst GRB afterglows are bright enough to be visible beyond this redshift. Dense
    primordial gas, in the process of collapsing from large scales to form protogalaxies,
    may also be possible to image through diffuse recombination line emission, possibly
    even before stars or BHs are formed. In this article, I discuss the key physical
    processes that are expected to have determined the sizes of the first star–clusters
    and black holes, and the prospect of studying these objects by direct detections
    with JWST and with other instruments. The direct light emitted by the very first
    stellar clusters and intermediate-mass black holes at z > 10 will likely fall
    below JWST’s detection threshold. However, JWST could reveal a decline at the
    faint-end of the high-redshift luminosity function, and thereby shed light on
    radiative and other feedback effects that operate at these early epochs. JWST
    will also have the sensitivity to detect individual SNe from beyond z = 10. In
    a dedicated survey lasting for several weeks, thousands of SNe could be detected
    at z > 6, with a redshift distribution extending to the formation of the very
    first stars at z ≳ 15. Using these SNe as tracers may be the only method to map
    out the earliest stages of the cosmic star–formation history. Finally, we point
    out that studying the earliest objects at high redshift will also offer a new
    window on the primordial power spectrum, on ∼100 times smaller scales than probed
    by current large-scale structure data.
alternative_title:
- Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
  orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
citation:
  ama: 'Haiman Z. Observing the First Stars and Black Holes. In: Thronson HA, Stiavelli
    M, Tielens A, eds. <i>Astrophysics in the Next Decade</i>. Springer Nature; 2009:385-418.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15">10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15</a>'
  apa: Haiman, Z. (2009). Observing the First Stars and Black Holes. In H. A. Thronson,
    M. Stiavelli, &#38; A. Tielens (Eds.), <i>Astrophysics in the Next Decade</i>
    (pp. 385–418). Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15</a>
  chicago: Haiman, Zoltán. “Observing the First Stars and Black Holes.” In <i>Astrophysics
    in the Next Decade</i>, edited by Harley A. Thronson, Massimo Stiavelli, and Alexander
    Tielens, 385–418. Springer Nature, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15</a>.
  ieee: Z. Haiman, “Observing the First Stars and Black Holes,” in <i>Astrophysics
    in the Next Decade</i>, H. A. Thronson, M. Stiavelli, and A. Tielens, Eds. Springer
    Nature, 2009, pp. 385–418.
  ista: 'Haiman Z. 2009.Observing the First Stars and Black Holes. In: Astrophysics
    in the Next Decade. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, , 385–418.'
  mla: Haiman, Zoltán. “Observing the First Stars and Black Holes.” <i>Astrophysics
    in the Next Decade</i>, edited by Harley A. Thronson et al., Springer Nature,
    2009, pp. 385–418, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15">10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15</a>.
  short: Z. Haiman, in:, H.A. Thronson, M. Stiavelli, A. Tielens (Eds.), Astrophysics
    in the Next Decade, Springer Nature, 2009, pp. 385–418.
date_created: 2025-01-03T12:29:16Z
date_published: 2009-02-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-01-07T12:52:13Z
day: '11'
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15
editor:
- first_name: Harley A.
  full_name: Thronson, Harley A.
  last_name: Thronson
- first_name: Massimo
  full_name: Stiavelli, Massimo
  last_name: Stiavelli
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Tielens, Alexander
  last_name: Tielens
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '0809.3926'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/0809.3926
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 385-418
publication: Astrophysics in the Next Decade
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - '9781402094576'
  eissn:
  - 1570-6605
  isbn:
  - '9781402094569'
  issn:
  - 1570-6591
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Observing the First Stars and Black Holes
type: book_chapter
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '12654'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'We investigate the transferability of an enhanced temperature-index melt
    model that was developed and tested on Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland, in
    the 2001 season. The model’s empirical parameters (temperature factor, TF, and
    shortwave radiation factor, SRF) are recalibrated for: (1) other locations on
    Haut Glacier d’Arolla; (2) subperiods of distinct meteorological conditions; (3)
    different years on Haut Glacier d’Arolla; and (4) other glaciers in different
    years. The model parameters are optimized against simulations of an energy-balance
    model validated against ablation observations. Results are compared with those
    obtained with the original parameters. The model works very well when applied
    to other sites, seasons and glaciers, with the exception of overcast conditions.
    Differences are due to underestimation of high melt rates. The parameter values
    are associated with the prevailing energy-balance conditions, showing that high
    SRF are obtained on clear-sky days, whereas higher TF are typical of locations
    where glacier winds prevail and turbulent fluxes are high. We also provide a range
    of parameters clearly associated with the site’s location and its meteorological
    characteristics that could help to assign parameter values to sites where few
    data are available.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Carenzo, Marco
  last_name: Carenzo
- first_name: Francesca
  full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
  id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
  last_name: Pellicciotti
  orcid: 0000-0002-5554-8087
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Rimkus, Stefan
  last_name: Rimkus
- first_name: Paolo
  full_name: Burlando, Paolo
  last_name: Burlando
citation:
  ama: Carenzo M, Pellicciotti F, Rimkus S, Burlando P. Assessing the transferability
    and robustness of an enhanced temperature-index glacier-melt model. <i>Journal
    of Glaciology</i>. 2009;55(190):258-274. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788608804">10.3189/002214309788608804</a>
  apa: Carenzo, M., Pellicciotti, F., Rimkus, S., &#38; Burlando, P. (2009). Assessing
    the transferability and robustness of an enhanced temperature-index glacier-melt
    model. <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788608804">https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788608804</a>
  chicago: Carenzo, Marco, Francesca Pellicciotti, Stefan Rimkus, and Paolo Burlando.
    “Assessing the Transferability and Robustness of an Enhanced Temperature-Index
    Glacier-Melt Model.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>. Cambridge University Press,
    2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788608804">https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788608804</a>.
  ieee: M. Carenzo, F. Pellicciotti, S. Rimkus, and P. Burlando, “Assessing the transferability
    and robustness of an enhanced temperature-index glacier-melt model,” <i>Journal
    of Glaciology</i>, vol. 55, no. 190. Cambridge University Press, pp. 258–274,
    2009.
  ista: Carenzo M, Pellicciotti F, Rimkus S, Burlando P. 2009. Assessing the transferability
    and robustness of an enhanced temperature-index glacier-melt model. Journal of
    Glaciology. 55(190), 258–274.
  mla: Carenzo, Marco, et al. “Assessing the Transferability and Robustness of an
    Enhanced Temperature-Index Glacier-Melt Model.” <i>Journal of Glaciology</i>,
    vol. 55, no. 190, Cambridge University Press, 2009, pp. 258–74, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788608804">10.3189/002214309788608804</a>.
  short: M. Carenzo, F. Pellicciotti, S. Rimkus, P. Burlando, Journal of Glaciology
    55 (2009) 258–274.
date_created: 2023-02-20T08:18:34Z
date_published: 2009-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-10-14T12:00:39Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.3189/002214309788608804
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        55'
issue: '190'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788608804
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 258-274
publication: Journal of Glaciology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1727-5652
  issn:
  - 0022-1430
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Assessing the transferability and robustness of an enhanced temperature-index
  glacier-melt model
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 55
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '12655'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We discuss the inclusion of the subsurface heat-conduction flux into the calculation
    of the energy balance and ablation at the glacier–atmosphere interface. Data from
    automatic weather stations are used to force an energy-balance model at several
    locations on alpine glaciers and at one site in the dry Andes of central Chile.
    The heat-conduction flux is computed using a two-layer scheme, assuming that 36%
    of the net shortwave radiation is absorbed by the surface layer and that the rest
    penetrates into the snowpack. We compare simulations conducted with and without
    subsurface heat flux. Results show that assuming a surface temperature of zero
    degrees leads to a larger overestimation of melt at the sites in the accumulation
    area (10.4–13.3%) than in the ablation area (0.5–2.8%), due to lower air temperatures
    and the presence of snow. The difference between simulations with and without
    heat conduction is also high at the beginning and end of the ablation season (up
    to 29% for the first 15 days of the season), when air temperatures are lower and
    snow covers the glacier surface, while they are of little importance during periods
    of sustained melt at all the locations investigated.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Francesca
  full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
  id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
  last_name: Pellicciotti
  orcid: 0000-0002-5554-8087
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Carenzo, Marco
  last_name: Carenzo
- first_name: Jakob
  full_name: Helbing, Jakob
  last_name: Helbing
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Rimkus, Stefan
  last_name: Rimkus
- first_name: Paolo
  full_name: Burlando, Paolo
  last_name: Burlando
citation:
  ama: Pellicciotti F, Carenzo M, Helbing J, Rimkus S, Burlando P. On the role of
    subsurface heat conduction in glacier energy-balance modelling. <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>.
    2009;50(50):16-24. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769555">10.3189/172756409787769555</a>
  apa: Pellicciotti, F., Carenzo, M., Helbing, J., Rimkus, S., &#38; Burlando, P.
    (2009). On the role of subsurface heat conduction in glacier energy-balance modelling.
    <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>. International Glaciological Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769555">https://doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769555</a>
  chicago: Pellicciotti, Francesca, Marco Carenzo, Jakob Helbing, Stefan Rimkus, and
    Paolo Burlando. “On the Role of Subsurface Heat Conduction in Glacier Energy-Balance
    Modelling.” <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>. International Glaciological Society,
    2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769555">https://doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769555</a>.
  ieee: F. Pellicciotti, M. Carenzo, J. Helbing, S. Rimkus, and P. Burlando, “On the
    role of subsurface heat conduction in glacier energy-balance modelling,” <i>Annals
    of Glaciology</i>, vol. 50, no. 50. International Glaciological Society, pp. 16–24,
    2009.
  ista: Pellicciotti F, Carenzo M, Helbing J, Rimkus S, Burlando P. 2009. On the role
    of subsurface heat conduction in glacier energy-balance modelling. Annals of Glaciology.
    50(50), 16–24.
  mla: Pellicciotti, Francesca, et al. “On the Role of Subsurface Heat Conduction
    in Glacier Energy-Balance Modelling.” <i>Annals of Glaciology</i>, vol. 50, no.
    50, International Glaciological Society, 2009, pp. 16–24, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769555">10.3189/172756409787769555</a>.
  short: F. Pellicciotti, M. Carenzo, J. Helbing, S. Rimkus, P. Burlando, Annals of
    Glaciology 50 (2009) 16–24.
date_created: 2023-02-20T08:18:40Z
date_published: 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-10-14T12:00:29Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.3189/172756409787769555
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        50'
issue: '50'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.3189/172756409787769555
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 16-24
publication: Annals of Glaciology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1727-5644
  issn:
  - 0260-3055
publication_status: published
publisher: International Glaciological Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: On the role of subsurface heat conduction in glacier energy-balance modelling
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 50
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '1302'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The nervous system of seeing animals derives information about optic flow
    in two subsequent steps. First, local motion vectors are calculated from moving
    retinal images, and second, the spatial distribution of these vectors is analyzed
    on the dendrites of large downstream neurons. In dipteran flies, this second step
    relies on a set of motion-sensitive lobula plate tangential cells (LPTCs), which
    have been studied in great detail in large fly species. Yet, studies on neurons
    that convey information to LPTCs and neuroanatomical investigations that enable
    a mechanistic understanding of the underlying dendritic computations in LPTCs
    are rare. We investigated the subcellular distribution of nicotinic acetylcholine
    receptors (nAChRs) on two sets of LPTCs: vertical system (VS) and horizontal system
    (HS) cells in Drosophila melanogaster. In this paper, we describe that both cell
    types express Dα7-type nAChR subunits specifically on higher order dendritic branches,
    similar to the expression of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. These findings
    support a model in which directional selectivity of LPTCs is achieved by the dendritic
    integration of excitatory, cholinergic, and inhibitory GABA-ergic input from local
    motion detectors with opposite preferred direction. Nonetheless, whole-cell recordings
    in mutant flies without Dα7 nAChRs revealed that direction selectivity of VS and
    HS cells is largely retained. In addition, mutant LPTCs were responsive to acetylcholine
    and remaining nAChR receptors were labeled by α-bungarotoxin. These results in
    LPTCs with genetically manipulated excitatory input synapses suggest a robust
    cellular implementation of dendritic processing that warrants direction selectivity.
    The underlying mechanism that ensures appropriate nAChR-mediated synaptic currents
    and the functional implications of separate sets or heteromultimeric nAChRs can
    now be addressed in this system.'
author:
- first_name: Shamprasad
  full_name: Raghu, Shamprasad V
  last_name: Raghu
- first_name: Maximilian A
  full_name: Maximilian Jösch
  id: 2BD278E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jösch
  orcid: 0000-0002-3937-1330
- first_name: Stephan
  full_name: Sigrist, Stephan J
  last_name: Sigrist
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Borst, Alexander
  last_name: Borst
- first_name: Dierk
  full_name: Reiff, Dierk F
  last_name: Reiff
citation:
  ama: 'Raghu S, Jösch MA, Sigrist S, Borst A, Reiff D. Synaptic organization of lobula
    plate tangential cells in Drosophila: Dα7 cholinergic receptors. <i>Journal of
    Neurogenetics</i>. 2009;23(1-2):200-209. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01677060802471684">10.1080/01677060802471684</a>'
  apa: 'Raghu, S., Jösch, M. A., Sigrist, S., Borst, A., &#38; Reiff, D. (2009). Synaptic
    organization of lobula plate tangential cells in Drosophila: Dα7 cholinergic receptors.
    <i>Journal of Neurogenetics</i>. Informa Healthcare. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01677060802471684">https://doi.org/10.1080/01677060802471684</a>'
  chicago: 'Raghu, Shamprasad, Maximilian A Jösch, Stephan Sigrist, Alexander Borst,
    and Dierk Reiff. “Synaptic Organization of Lobula Plate Tangential Cells in Drosophila:
    Dα7 Cholinergic Receptors.” <i>Journal of Neurogenetics</i>. Informa Healthcare,
    2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01677060802471684">https://doi.org/10.1080/01677060802471684</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. Raghu, M. A. Jösch, S. Sigrist, A. Borst, and D. Reiff, “Synaptic organization
    of lobula plate tangential cells in Drosophila: Dα7 cholinergic receptors,” <i>Journal
    of Neurogenetics</i>, vol. 23, no. 1–2. Informa Healthcare, pp. 200–209, 2009.'
  ista: 'Raghu S, Jösch MA, Sigrist S, Borst A, Reiff D. 2009. Synaptic organization
    of lobula plate tangential cells in Drosophila: Dα7 cholinergic receptors. Journal
    of Neurogenetics. 23(1–2), 200–209.'
  mla: 'Raghu, Shamprasad, et al. “Synaptic Organization of Lobula Plate Tangential
    Cells in Drosophila: Dα7 Cholinergic Receptors.” <i>Journal of Neurogenetics</i>,
    vol. 23, no. 1–2, Informa Healthcare, 2009, pp. 200–09, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01677060802471684">10.1080/01677060802471684</a>.'
  short: S. Raghu, M.A. Jösch, S. Sigrist, A. Borst, D. Reiff, Journal of Neurogenetics
    23 (2009) 200–209.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:51:15Z
date_published: 2009-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:49:44Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1080/01677060802471684
extern: 1
intvolume: '        23'
issue: 1-2
month: '03'
page: 200 - 209
publication: Journal of Neurogenetics
publication_status: published
publisher: Informa Healthcare
publist_id: '5972'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: 'Synaptic organization of lobula plate tangential cells in Drosophila: Dα7
  cholinergic receptors'
type: journal_article
volume: 23
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '1983'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'During many cellular processes such as cell division, polarization and motility,
    the plasma membrane does not only represent a passive physical barrier, but also
    provides a highly dynamic platform for the interplay between lipids, membrane
    binding proteins and cytoskeletal elements. Even though many regulators of these
    interactions are known, their mutual interdependence appears to be highly complex
    and difficult to study in a living cell. Over the past few years, in vitro studies
    on membrane-cytoskeleton interactions using biomimetic membranes turned out to
    be extremely helpful to get better mechanistic insight into the dynamics of these
    processes. In this review, we discuss some of the recent developments using in
    vitro assays to dissect the role of the players involved: lipids in the membrane,
    proteins binding to membranes and proteins binding to membrane proteins. We also
    summarize advantages and disadvantages of supported lipid bilayers as model membrane.'
author:
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Martin Loose
  id: 462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Loose
  orcid: 0000-0001-7309-9724
- first_name: Petra
  full_name: 'Schwille, Petra '
  last_name: Schwille
citation:
  ama: Loose M, Schwille P. Biomimetic membrane systems to study cellular organization.
    <i>Journal of Structural Biology</i>. 2009;168(1):143-151. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2009.03.016">10.1016/j.jsb.2009.03.016</a>
  apa: Loose, M., &#38; Schwille, P. (2009). Biomimetic membrane systems to study
    cellular organization. <i>Journal of Structural Biology</i>. Academic Press. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2009.03.016">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2009.03.016</a>
  chicago: Loose, Martin, and Petra Schwille. “Biomimetic Membrane Systems to Study
    Cellular Organization.” <i>Journal of Structural Biology</i>. Academic Press,
    2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2009.03.016">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2009.03.016</a>.
  ieee: M. Loose and P. Schwille, “Biomimetic membrane systems to study cellular organization,”
    <i>Journal of Structural Biology</i>, vol. 168, no. 1. Academic Press, pp. 143–151,
    2009.
  ista: Loose M, Schwille P. 2009. Biomimetic membrane systems to study cellular organization.
    Journal of Structural Biology. 168(1), 143–151.
  mla: Loose, Martin, and Petra Schwille. “Biomimetic Membrane Systems to Study Cellular
    Organization.” <i>Journal of Structural Biology</i>, vol. 168, no. 1, Academic
    Press, 2009, pp. 143–51, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2009.03.016">10.1016/j.jsb.2009.03.016</a>.
  short: M. Loose, P. Schwille, Journal of Structural Biology 168 (2009) 143–151.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:55:03Z
date_published: 2009-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:54:30Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2009.03.016
extern: 1
intvolume: '       168'
issue: '1'
month: '10'
page: 143 - 151
publication: Journal of Structural Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Academic Press
publist_id: '5099'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Biomimetic membrane systems to study cellular organization
type: journal_article
volume: 168
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '1984'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In animal and plant cells, mitotic chromatin locally generates microtubules
    that self-organize into a mitotic spindle, and its dimensions and bipolar symmetry
    are essential for accurate chromosome segregation. By immobilizing microscopic
    chromatin-coated beads on slide surfaces using a microprinting technique, we have
    examined the effect of chromatin on the dimensions and symmetry of spindles in
    Xenopus laevis cytoplasmic extracts. While circular spots with diameters around
    14-18 μm trigger bipolar spindle formation, larger spots generate an incorrect
    number of poles. We also examined lines of chromatin with various dimensions.
    Their length determined the number of poles that formed, with a 6 × 18 μm rectangular
    patch generating normal spindle morphology. Around longer lines, multiple poles
    formed and the structures were disorganized. While lines thinner than 10 μm generated
    symmetric structures, thicker lines induced the formation of asymmetric structures
    where all microtubules are on the same side of the line. Our results show that
    chromatin defines spindle shape and orientation. For a video summary of this article,
    see the PaperFlick file available with the online Supplemental Data.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by EU contract LSHG-CT-2004-503568 ComBio,
  the Spanish ministry of education (M.M.C.), and EU-STREP active BioMics (A.D.).
  Research in the Nedelec lab is funded by the Center for Modeling and Simulation
  in the Biosciences (http://www.bioms.de), the Volkswagenstiftung, and Human Frontier
  Science Program grant RGY84.
author:
- first_name: Ana
  full_name: Dinarina, Ana
  last_name: Dinarina
- first_name: Céline
  full_name: Pugieux, Céline
  last_name: Pugieux
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Corral, Maria M
  last_name: Corral
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Martin Loose
  id: 462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Loose
  orcid: 0000-0001-7309-9724
- first_name: Joachim
  full_name: Spatz, Joachim P
  last_name: Spatz
- first_name: Éric
  full_name: Karsenti, Éric
  last_name: Karsenti
- first_name: François
  full_name: Nédélec, François J
  last_name: Nédélec
citation:
  ama: Dinarina A, Pugieux C, Corral M, et al. Chromatin shapes the mitotic spindle.
    <i>Cell</i>. 2009;138(3):502-513. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.027">10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.027</a>
  apa: Dinarina, A., Pugieux, C., Corral, M., Loose, M., Spatz, J., Karsenti, É.,
    &#38; Nédélec, F. (2009). Chromatin shapes the mitotic spindle. <i>Cell</i>. Cell
    Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.027">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.027</a>
  chicago: Dinarina, Ana, Céline Pugieux, Maria Corral, Martin Loose, Joachim Spatz,
    Éric Karsenti, and François Nédélec. “Chromatin Shapes the Mitotic Spindle.” <i>Cell</i>.
    Cell Press, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.027">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.027</a>.
  ieee: A. Dinarina <i>et al.</i>, “Chromatin shapes the mitotic spindle,” <i>Cell</i>,
    vol. 138, no. 3. Cell Press, pp. 502–513, 2009.
  ista: Dinarina A, Pugieux C, Corral M, Loose M, Spatz J, Karsenti É, Nédélec F.
    2009. Chromatin shapes the mitotic spindle. Cell. 138(3), 502–513.
  mla: Dinarina, Ana, et al. “Chromatin Shapes the Mitotic Spindle.” <i>Cell</i>,
    vol. 138, no. 3, Cell Press, 2009, pp. 502–13, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.027">10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.027</a>.
  short: A. Dinarina, C. Pugieux, M. Corral, M. Loose, J. Spatz, É. Karsenti, F. Nédélec,
    Cell 138 (2009) 502–513.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:55:03Z
date_published: 2009-08-07T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:54:30Z
day: '07'
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.027
extern: 1
intvolume: '       138'
issue: '3'
month: '08'
page: 502 - 513
publication: Cell
publication_status: published
publisher: Cell Press
publist_id: '5100'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Chromatin shapes the mitotic spindle
type: journal_article
volume: 138
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '2067'
acknowledgement: This work was funded by a Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology
  scholarship to B.V., and B.C. was supported by the Royal Society
author:
- first_name: Beatriz
  full_name: Beatriz Vicoso
  id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vicoso
  orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306
- first_name: Brian
  full_name: Charlesworth, Brian
  last_name: Charlesworth
citation:
  ama: Vicoso B, Charlesworth B. Recombination rates may affect the ratio of X to
    autosomal noncoding polymorphism in African populations of Drosophila melanogaster.
    <i>Genetics</i>. 2009;181(4):1699-1701. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.098004">10.1534/genetics.108.098004</a>
  apa: Vicoso, B., &#38; Charlesworth, B. (2009). Recombination rates may affect the
    ratio of X to autosomal noncoding polymorphism in African populations of Drosophila
    melanogaster. <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society of America. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.098004">https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.098004</a>
  chicago: Vicoso, Beatriz, and Brian Charlesworth. “Recombination Rates May Affect
    the Ratio of X to Autosomal Noncoding Polymorphism in African Populations of Drosophila
    Melanogaster.” <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society of America, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.098004">https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.098004</a>.
  ieee: B. Vicoso and B. Charlesworth, “Recombination rates may affect the ratio of
    X to autosomal noncoding polymorphism in African populations of Drosophila melanogaster,”
    <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 181, no. 4. Genetics Society of America, pp. 1699–1701,
    2009.
  ista: Vicoso B, Charlesworth B. 2009. Recombination rates may affect the ratio of
    X to autosomal noncoding polymorphism in African populations of Drosophila melanogaster.
    Genetics. 181(4), 1699–1701.
  mla: Vicoso, Beatriz, and Brian Charlesworth. “Recombination Rates May Affect the
    Ratio of X to Autosomal Noncoding Polymorphism in African Populations of Drosophila
    Melanogaster.” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 181, no. 4, Genetics Society of America,
    2009, pp. 1699–701, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.098004">10.1534/genetics.108.098004</a>.
  short: B. Vicoso, B. Charlesworth, Genetics 181 (2009) 1699–1701.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:55:31Z
date_published: 2009-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:55:06Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1534/genetics.108.098004
extern: 1
intvolume: '       181'
issue: '4'
month: '04'
page: 1699 - 1701
publication: Genetics
publication_status: published
publisher: Genetics Society of America
publist_id: '4971'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Recombination rates may affect the ratio of X to autosomal noncoding polymorphism
  in African populations of Drosophila melanogaster
type: journal_article
volume: 181
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '2068'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In Drosophila, there is a consistent deficit of male-biased genes on the X
    chromosome. It has been suggested that male-biased genes may evolve from initially
    unbiased genes as a result of increased expression levels in males. If transcription
    rates are limited, a large increase in expression in the testis may be harder
    to achieve for single-copy X-linked genes than for autosomal genes, because they
    are already hypertranscribed due to dosage compensation. This hypothesis predicts
    that the larger the increase in expression required to make a male-biased gene,
    the lower the chance of this being achievable if it is located on the X chromosome.
    Consequently, highly expressed male-biased genes should be located on the X chromosome
    less often than lowly expressed male-biased genes. This pattern is observed in
    our analysis of publicly available data, where microarray data or EST data are
    used to detect male-biased genes in D. melanogaster and to measure their expression
    levels. This is consistent with the idea that limitations in transcription rates
    may prevent male-biased genes from accumulating on the X chromosome.
acknowledgement: This work was funded by a Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology
  scholarship to B.V., and B.C. was supported by the Royal Society
author:
- first_name: Beatriz
  full_name: Beatriz Vicoso
  id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vicoso
  orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306
- first_name: Brian
  full_name: Charlesworth, Brian
  last_name: Charlesworth
citation:
  ama: 'Vicoso B, Charlesworth B. The deficit of male-biased genes on the D. melanogaster
    X chromosome is expression-dependent: A consequence of dosage compensation? <i>Journal
    of Molecular Evolution</i>. 2009;68(5):576-583. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-009-9235-4">10.1007/s00239-009-9235-4</a>'
  apa: 'Vicoso, B., &#38; Charlesworth, B. (2009). The deficit of male-biased genes
    on the D. melanogaster X chromosome is expression-dependent: A consequence of
    dosage compensation? <i>Journal of Molecular Evolution</i>. Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-009-9235-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-009-9235-4</a>'
  chicago: 'Vicoso, Beatriz, and Brian Charlesworth. “The Deficit of Male-Biased Genes
    on the D. Melanogaster X Chromosome Is Expression-Dependent: A Consequence of
    Dosage Compensation?” <i>Journal of Molecular Evolution</i>. Springer, 2009. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-009-9235-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-009-9235-4</a>.'
  ieee: 'B. Vicoso and B. Charlesworth, “The deficit of male-biased genes on the D.
    melanogaster X chromosome is expression-dependent: A consequence of dosage compensation?,”
    <i>Journal of Molecular Evolution</i>, vol. 68, no. 5. Springer, pp. 576–583,
    2009.'
  ista: 'Vicoso B, Charlesworth B. 2009. The deficit of male-biased genes on the D.
    melanogaster X chromosome is expression-dependent: A consequence of dosage compensation?
    Journal of Molecular Evolution. 68(5), 576–583.'
  mla: 'Vicoso, Beatriz, and Brian Charlesworth. “The Deficit of Male-Biased Genes
    on the D. Melanogaster X Chromosome Is Expression-Dependent: A Consequence of
    Dosage Compensation?” <i>Journal of Molecular Evolution</i>, vol. 68, no. 5, Springer,
    2009, pp. 576–83, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-009-9235-4">10.1007/s00239-009-9235-4</a>.'
  short: B. Vicoso, B. Charlesworth, Journal of Molecular Evolution 68 (2009) 576–583.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:55:31Z
date_published: 2009-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:55:06Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/s00239-009-9235-4
extern: 1
intvolume: '        68'
issue: '5'
month: '05'
page: 576 - 583
publication: Journal of Molecular Evolution
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '4970'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: 'The deficit of male-biased genes on the D. melanogaster X chromosome is expression-dependent:
  A consequence of dosage compensation?'
type: journal_article
volume: 68
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '2069'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Current models of X-linked and autosomal evolutionary rates often assume that
    the effective population size of the X chromosome (NeX) is equal to three-quarters
    of the autosomal population size (NeA). However, polymorphism studies of Drosophila
    melanogaster and D. simulans suggest that there are often significant deviations
    from this value. We have computed fixation rates of beneficial and deleterious
    mutations at X-linked and autosomal sites when this occurs. We find that NeX/NeA
    is a crucial parameter for the rates of evolution of X-linked sites compared to
    autosomal sites. Faster-X evolution due to the fixation of beneficial mutations
    can occur under a much wider range of levels of dominance when NeX/N eA &gt; 3/4.
    We also examined various parameters that are known to influence the rates of evolution
    at X-linked and autosomal sites, such as different mutation rates in males and
    females and mutations that are sexually antagonistic, to determine which cases
    can lead to faster-X evolution. We show that, when the rate of nonsynonymous evolution
    is normalized by the rate of neutral evolution, a sex difference in mutation rate
    has no influence on the conditions for faster-X evolution.
acknowledgement: This work was funded by a Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology
  scholarship to BV, and BC was supported by the Royal Society
author:
- first_name: Beatriz
  full_name: Beatriz Vicoso
  id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vicoso
  orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306
- first_name: Brian
  full_name: Charlesworth, Brian
  last_name: Charlesworth
citation:
  ama: 'Vicoso B, Charlesworth B. Effective population size and the faster-X effect:
    An extended model. <i>Evolution</i>. 2009;63(9):2413-2426. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00719.x">10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00719.x</a>'
  apa: 'Vicoso, B., &#38; Charlesworth, B. (2009). Effective population size and the
    faster-X effect: An extended model. <i>Evolution</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00719.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00719.x</a>'
  chicago: 'Vicoso, Beatriz, and Brian Charlesworth. “Effective Population Size and
    the Faster-X Effect: An Extended Model.” <i>Evolution</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00719.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00719.x</a>.'
  ieee: 'B. Vicoso and B. Charlesworth, “Effective population size and the faster-X
    effect: An extended model,” <i>Evolution</i>, vol. 63, no. 9. Wiley-Blackwell,
    pp. 2413–2426, 2009.'
  ista: 'Vicoso B, Charlesworth B. 2009. Effective population size and the faster-X
    effect: An extended model. Evolution. 63(9), 2413–2426.'
  mla: 'Vicoso, Beatriz, and Brian Charlesworth. “Effective Population Size and the
    Faster-X Effect: An Extended Model.” <i>Evolution</i>, vol. 63, no. 9, Wiley-Blackwell,
    2009, pp. 2413–26, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00719.x">10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00719.x</a>.'
  short: B. Vicoso, B. Charlesworth, Evolution 63 (2009) 2413–2426.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:55:32Z
date_published: 2009-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:55:06Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00719.x
extern: 1
intvolume: '        63'
issue: '9'
month: '09'
page: 2413 - 2426
publication: Evolution
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '4968'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: 'Effective population size and the faster-X effect: An extended model'
type: journal_article
volume: 63
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '2070'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In many eukaryotic organisms, gender is determined by a pair of heteromorphic
    sex chromosomes. Degeneration of the non-recombining Y chromosome is a general
    facet of sex chromosome evolution. Selective pressure to restore expression levels
    of X-linked genes relative to autosomes accompanies Y-chromosome degeneration,
    thus driving the evolution of dosage compensation mechanisms. This review focuses
    on evolutionary aspects of dosage compensation, in light of recent advances in
    comparative and functional genomics that have substantially increased our understanding
    of the molecular mechanisms of dosage compensation and how it evolved. We review
    processes involved in sex chromosome evolution, and discuss the dynamic interaction
    between Y degeneration and the acquisition of dosage compensation. We compare
    mechanisms of dosage compensation and the origin of dosage compensation genes
    between different taxa and comment on sex chromosomes that apparently lack compensation
    mechanisms. Finally, we discuss how dosage compensation systems can also influence
    the evolution of well-established sex chromosomes.
acknowledgement: This research is funded by NIH Grant GM076007 and a Sloan Research
  Fellowship and a David and Lucile Packard Fellowship to D.B.
author:
- first_name: Beatriz
  full_name: Beatriz Vicoso
  id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vicoso
  orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306
- first_name: Doris
  full_name: Bachtrog, Doris
  last_name: Bachtrog
citation:
  ama: Vicoso B, Bachtrog D. Progress and prospects toward our understanding of the
    evolution of dosage compensation. <i>Chromosome Research</i>. 2009;17(5):585-602.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-009-9053-y">10.1007/s10577-009-9053-y</a>
  apa: Vicoso, B., &#38; Bachtrog, D. (2009). Progress and prospects toward our understanding
    of the evolution of dosage compensation. <i>Chromosome Research</i>. Springer.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-009-9053-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-009-9053-y</a>
  chicago: Vicoso, Beatriz, and Doris Bachtrog. “Progress and Prospects toward Our
    Understanding of the Evolution of Dosage Compensation.” <i>Chromosome Research</i>.
    Springer, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-009-9053-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-009-9053-y</a>.
  ieee: B. Vicoso and D. Bachtrog, “Progress and prospects toward our understanding
    of the evolution of dosage compensation,” <i>Chromosome Research</i>, vol. 17,
    no. 5. Springer, pp. 585–602, 2009.
  ista: Vicoso B, Bachtrog D. 2009. Progress and prospects toward our understanding
    of the evolution of dosage compensation. Chromosome Research. 17(5), 585–602.
  mla: Vicoso, Beatriz, and Doris Bachtrog. “Progress and Prospects toward Our Understanding
    of the Evolution of Dosage Compensation.” <i>Chromosome Research</i>, vol. 17,
    no. 5, Springer, 2009, pp. 585–602, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-009-9053-y">10.1007/s10577-009-9053-y</a>.
  short: B. Vicoso, D. Bachtrog, Chromosome Research 17 (2009) 585–602.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:55:32Z
date_published: 2009-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:55:07Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/s10577-009-9053-y
extern: 1
intvolume: '        17'
issue: '5'
month: '07'
page: 585 - 602
publication: Chromosome Research
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '4969'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Progress and prospects toward our understanding of the evolution of dosage
  compensation
type: journal_article
volume: 17
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '1971'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Complex I plays a central role in cellular energy production, coupling electron
    transfer between NADH and quinone to proton translocation. The mechanism of this
    highly efficient enzyme is currently unknown. Mitochondrial complex I is a major
    source of reactive oxygen species, which may be one of the causes of aging. Dysfunction
    of complex I is implicated in many human neurodegenerative diseases. We have determined
    several x-ray structures of the oxidized and reduced hydrophilic domain of complex
    I from Thermus thermophilus at up to 3.1 Å resolution. The structures reveal the
    mode of interaction of complex I with NADH, explaining known kinetic data and
    providing implications for the mechanism of reactive oxygen species production
    at the flavin site of complex I. Bound metals were identified in the channel at
    the interface with the frataxin-like subunit Nqo15, indicating possible iron-binding
    sites. Conformational changes upon reduction of the complex involve adjustments
    in the nucleotide-binding pocket, as well as small but significant shifts of several
    α-helices at the interface with the membrane domain. These shifts are likely to
    be driven by the reduction of nearby iron-sulfur clusters N2 and N6a/b. Cluster
    N2 is the electron donor to quinone and is coordinated by unique motif involving
    two consecutive (tandem) cysteines. An unprecedented &quot;on/off switch&quot;
    (disconnection) of coordinating bonds between the tandem cysteines and this cluster
    was observed upon reduction. Comparison of the structures suggests a novel mechanism
    of coupling between electron transfer and proton translocation, combining conformational
    changes and protonation/deprotonation of tandem cysteines.
acknowledgement: 'This work was supported by the Medical Research Council. '
author:
- first_name: John
  full_name: Berrisford, John M
  last_name: Berrisford
- first_name: Leonid A
  full_name: Leonid Sazanov
  id: 338D39FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sazanov
  orcid: 0000-0002-0977-7989
citation:
  ama: Berrisford J, Sazanov LA. Structural basis for the mechanism of respiratory
    complex I. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. 2009;284(43):29773-29783. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.032144">10.1074/jbc.M109.032144</a>
  apa: Berrisford, J., &#38; Sazanov, L. A. (2009). Structural basis for the mechanism
    of respiratory complex I. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. American Society
    for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.032144">https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.032144</a>
  chicago: Berrisford, John, and Leonid A Sazanov. “Structural Basis for the Mechanism
    of Respiratory Complex I.” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. American Society
    for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.032144">https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.032144</a>.
  ieee: J. Berrisford and L. A. Sazanov, “Structural basis for the mechanism of respiratory
    complex I,” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>, vol. 284, no. 43. American
    Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, pp. 29773–29783, 2009.
  ista: Berrisford J, Sazanov LA. 2009. Structural basis for the mechanism of respiratory
    complex I. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284(43), 29773–29783.
  mla: Berrisford, John, and Leonid A. Sazanov. “Structural Basis for the Mechanism
    of Respiratory Complex I.” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>, vol. 284, no.
    43, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2009, pp. 29773–83,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.032144">10.1074/jbc.M109.032144</a>.
  short: J. Berrisford, L.A. Sazanov, Journal of Biological Chemistry 284 (2009) 29773–29783.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:59Z
date_published: 2009-10-23T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:54:26Z
day: '23'
doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.032144
extern: 1
intvolume: '       284'
issue: '43'
month: '10'
page: 29773 - 29783
publication: Journal of Biological Chemistry
publication_status: published
publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
publist_id: '5114'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Structural basis for the mechanism of respiratory complex I
type: journal_article
volume: 284
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '110'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In order to better understand magnetic reconnection and particle acceleration
    in solar flares, we compare the RHESSI hard X-ray (HXR) footpoint motions of three
    flares with a detailed study of the corresponding topology given by a Magnetic
    Charge Topology model. We analyze the relationship between the footpoint motions
    and topological spine lines and find that the examined footpoint sources move
    along spine lines. We present a three-dimensional topological model in which this
    movement can be understood. As reconnection proceeds, flux is transferred between
    the reconnecting domains, causing the separator to move. The movement of the separator\'s
    chromospheric ends, identified with the HXR footpoints, is along those spine lines
    on which the separator ends.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by RHESSI funds from the University of California
  at Berkeley through a contract, SA1868-26308PG, with Montana State University. Funding
  for our Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) students was provided by NSF
  grant ATM-0243923.
author:
- first_name: Angela
  full_name: Des Jardins, Angela
  last_name: Des Jardins
- first_name: Richard
  full_name: Canfield, Richard
  last_name: Canfield
- first_name: Dana
  full_name: Longcope, Dana
  last_name: Longcope
- first_name: Crystal
  full_name: Fordyce, Crystal
  last_name: Fordyce
- first_name: Scott R
  full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R
  id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Waitukaitis
  orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176
citation:
  ama: 'Des Jardins A, Canfield R, Longcope D, Fordyce C, Waitukaitis SR. Reconnection
    in three dimensions: The role of spines in three eruptive flares. <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal</i>. 2009;693(2):1628-1636. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1628">10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1628</a>'
  apa: 'Des Jardins, A., Canfield, R., Longcope, D., Fordyce, C., &#38; Waitukaitis,
    S. R. (2009). Reconnection in three dimensions: The role of spines in three eruptive
    flares. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing Ltd. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1628">https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1628</a>'
  chicago: 'Des Jardins, Angela, Richard Canfield, Dana Longcope, Crystal Fordyce,
    and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Reconnection in Three Dimensions: The Role of Spines
    in Three Eruptive Flares.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing Ltd.,
    2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1628">https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1628</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. Des Jardins, R. Canfield, D. Longcope, C. Fordyce, and S. R. Waitukaitis,
    “Reconnection in three dimensions: The role of spines in three eruptive flares,”
    <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 693, no. 2. IOP Publishing Ltd., pp. 1628–1636,
    2009.'
  ista: 'Des Jardins A, Canfield R, Longcope D, Fordyce C, Waitukaitis SR. 2009. Reconnection
    in three dimensions: The role of spines in three eruptive flares. The Astrophysical
    Journal. 693(2), 1628–1636.'
  mla: 'Des Jardins, Angela, et al. “Reconnection in Three Dimensions: The Role of
    Spines in Three Eruptive Flares.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 693,
    no. 2, IOP Publishing Ltd., 2009, pp. 1628–36, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1628">10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1628</a>.'
  short: A. Des Jardins, R. Canfield, D. Longcope, C. Fordyce, S.R. Waitukaitis, The
    Astrophysical Journal 693 (2009) 1628–1636.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:41Z
date_published: 2009-03-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:48:16Z
day: '10'
doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1628
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       693'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 1628 - 1636
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing Ltd.
publist_id: '7944'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Reconnection in three dimensions: The role of spines in three eruptive flares'
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 693
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '111'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Thin streams of liquid commonly break up into characteristic droplet patterns
    owing to the surface-tension-driven PlateauRayleigh instability 1-3. Very similar
    patterns are observed when initially uniform streams of dry granular material
    break up into clusters of grains4-6, even though flows of macroscopic particles
    are considered to lack surface tension7,8. Recent studies on freely falling granular
    streams tracked fluctuations in the stream profile9, but the clustering mechanism
    remained unresolved because the full evolution of the instability could not be
    observed. Here we demonstrate that the cluster formation is driven by minute,
    nanoNewton cohesive forces that arise from a combination of van der Waals interactions
    and capillary bridges between nanometre-scale surface asperities. Our experiments
    involve high-speed video imaging of the granular stream in the co-moving frame,
    control over the properties of the grain surfaces and the use of atomic force
    microscopy to measure grain-grain interactions. The cohesive forces that we measure
    correspond to an equivalent surface tension five orders of magnitude below that,
    of ordinary liquids. We find that, the shapes of these weakly cohesive, non-thermal
    clusters of macroscopic particles closely resemble droplets resulting from thermally
    induced rupture of liquid nanojets 10-12.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by NSF through its MRSEC programme and the
  Inter-American Materials Collaboration Chicago-Chile, and by the Keck Initiative
  for Ultrafast Imaging at the University of Chicago.
author:
- first_name: John
  full_name: Royer, John
  last_name: Royer
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Evans, Daniel
  last_name: Evans
- first_name: Loreto
  full_name: Oyarte, Loreto
  last_name: Oyarte
- first_name: Qiti
  full_name: Guo, Qiti
  last_name: Guo
- first_name: Eliot
  full_name: Kapit, Eliot
  last_name: Kapit
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Möbius, Matthias
  last_name: Möbius
- first_name: Scott R
  full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R
  id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Waitukaitis
  orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176
- first_name: Heinrich
  full_name: Jaeger, Heinrich
  last_name: Jaeger
citation:
  ama: Royer J, Evans D, Oyarte L, et al. High-speed tracking of rupture and clustering
    in freely falling granular streams. <i>Nature</i>. 2009;459(7250):1110-1113. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08115">10.1038/nature08115</a>
  apa: Royer, J., Evans, D., Oyarte, L., Guo, Q., Kapit, E., Möbius, M., … Jaeger,
    H. (2009). High-speed tracking of rupture and clustering in freely falling granular
    streams. <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08115">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08115</a>
  chicago: Royer, John, Daniel Evans, Loreto Oyarte, Qiti Guo, Eliot Kapit, Matthias
    Möbius, Scott R Waitukaitis, and Heinrich Jaeger. “High-Speed Tracking of Rupture
    and Clustering in Freely Falling Granular Streams.” <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing
    Group, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08115">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08115</a>.
  ieee: J. Royer <i>et al.</i>, “High-speed tracking of rupture and clustering in
    freely falling granular streams,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 459, no. 7250. Nature Publishing
    Group, pp. 1110–1113, 2009.
  ista: Royer J, Evans D, Oyarte L, Guo Q, Kapit E, Möbius M, Waitukaitis SR, Jaeger
    H. 2009. High-speed tracking of rupture and clustering in freely falling granular
    streams. Nature. 459(7250), 1110–1113.
  mla: Royer, John, et al. “High-Speed Tracking of Rupture and Clustering in Freely
    Falling Granular Streams.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 459, no. 7250, Nature Publishing
    Group, 2009, pp. 1110–13, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08115">10.1038/nature08115</a>.
  short: J. Royer, D. Evans, L. Oyarte, Q. Guo, E. Kapit, M. Möbius, S.R. Waitukaitis,
    H. Jaeger, Nature 459 (2009) 1110–1113.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:41Z
date_published: 2009-06-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:48:21Z
day: '25'
doi: 10.1038/nature08115
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       459'
issue: '7250'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 1110 - 1113
publication: Nature
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '7943'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: High-speed tracking of rupture and clustering in freely falling granular streams
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 459
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '11103'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Over the last decade, the nuclear envelope (NE) has emerged as a key component
    in the organization and function of the nuclear genome. As many as 100 different
    proteins are thought to specifically localize to this double membrane that separates
    the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Selective portals through
    the NE are formed at sites where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are fused,
    and the coincident assembly of ∼30 proteins into nuclear pore complexes occurs.
    These nuclear pore complexes are essential for the control of nucleocytoplasmic
    exchange. Many of the NE and nuclear pore proteins are thought to play crucial
    roles in gene regulation and thus are increasingly linked to human diseases.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: review
author:
- first_name: Martin W
  full_name: HETZER, Martin W
  id: 86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed
  last_name: HETZER
  orcid: 0000-0002-2111-992X
- first_name: Susan R.
  full_name: Wente, Susan R.
  last_name: Wente
citation:
  ama: 'Hetzer M, Wente SR. Border control at the nucleus: Biogenesis and organization
    of the nuclear membrane and pore complexes. <i>Developmental Cell</i>. 2009;17(5):606-616.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.007">10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.007</a>'
  apa: 'Hetzer, M., &#38; Wente, S. R. (2009). Border control at the nucleus: Biogenesis
    and organization of the nuclear membrane and pore complexes. <i>Developmental
    Cell</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.007</a>'
  chicago: 'Hetzer, Martin, and Susan R. Wente. “Border Control at the Nucleus: Biogenesis
    and Organization of the Nuclear Membrane and Pore Complexes.” <i>Developmental
    Cell</i>. Elsevier, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.007</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Hetzer and S. R. Wente, “Border control at the nucleus: Biogenesis and
    organization of the nuclear membrane and pore complexes,” <i>Developmental Cell</i>,
    vol. 17, no. 5. Elsevier, pp. 606–616, 2009.'
  ista: 'Hetzer M, Wente SR. 2009. Border control at the nucleus: Biogenesis and organization
    of the nuclear membrane and pore complexes. Developmental Cell. 17(5), 606–616.'
  mla: 'Hetzer, Martin, and Susan R. Wente. “Border Control at the Nucleus: Biogenesis
    and Organization of the Nuclear Membrane and Pore Complexes.” <i>Developmental
    Cell</i>, vol. 17, no. 5, Elsevier, 2009, pp. 606–16, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.007">10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.007</a>.'
  short: M. Hetzer, S.R. Wente, Developmental Cell 17 (2009) 606–616.
date_created: 2022-04-07T07:53:45Z
date_published: 2009-11-17T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-10-14T11:28:25Z
day: '17'
doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.007
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '19922866'
intvolume: '        17'
issue: '5'
keyword:
- Developmental Biology
- Cell Biology
- General Biochemistry
- Genetics and Molecular Biology
- Molecular Biology
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.007
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 606-616
pmid: 1
publication: Developmental Cell
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1534-5807
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Border control at the nucleus: Biogenesis and organization of the nuclear
  membrane and pore complexes'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 17
year: '2009'
...
