--- _id: '1764' abstract: - lang: eng text: Quantum theory predicts that empty space is not truly empty. Even in the absence of any particles or radiation, in pure vacuum, virtual particles are constantly created and annihilated. In an electromagnetic field, the presence of virtual photons manifests itself as a small renormalization of the energy of a quantum system, known as the Lamb shift. We present an experimental observation of the Lamb shift in a solid-state system. The strong dispersive coupling of a superconducting electronic circuit acting as a quantum bit (qubit) to the vacuum field in a transmission-line resonator leads to measurable Lamb shifts of up to 1.4% of the qubit transition frequency. The qubit is also observed to couple more strongly to the vacuum field than to a single photon inside the cavity, an effect that is explained by taking into account the limited anharmonicity of the higher excited qubit states. acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation and ETHZ. P.J.L. was supported by the European Commission with a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship. A.B. was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, and Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies author: - first_name: A full_name: Fragner, A last_name: Fragner - first_name: M full_name: Göppl, M last_name: Göppl - first_name: Johannes M full_name: Johannes Fink id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Fink orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X - first_name: Matthias full_name: Baur, Matthias P last_name: Baur - first_name: R full_name: Bianchetti, R last_name: Bianchetti - first_name: Peter full_name: Leek, Peter J last_name: Leek - first_name: Alexandre full_name: Blais, Alexandre last_name: Blais - first_name: Andreas full_name: Wallraff, Andreas last_name: Wallraff citation: ama: Fragner A, Göppl M, Fink JM, et al. Resolving vacuum fluctuations in an electrical circuit by measuring the lamb shift. Science. 2008;322(5906):1357-1360. doi:10.1126/science.1164482 apa: Fragner, A., Göppl, M., Fink, J. M., Baur, M., Bianchetti, R., Leek, P., … Wallraff, A. (2008). Resolving vacuum fluctuations in an electrical circuit by measuring the lamb shift. Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1164482 chicago: Fragner, A, M Göppl, Johannes M Fink, Matthias Baur, R Bianchetti, Peter Leek, Alexandre Blais, and Andreas Wallraff. “Resolving Vacuum Fluctuations in an Electrical Circuit by Measuring the Lamb Shift.” Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1164482. ieee: A. Fragner et al., “Resolving vacuum fluctuations in an electrical circuit by measuring the lamb shift,” Science, vol. 322, no. 5906. American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 1357–1360, 2008. ista: Fragner A, Göppl M, Fink JM, Baur M, Bianchetti R, Leek P, Blais A, Wallraff A. 2008. Resolving vacuum fluctuations in an electrical circuit by measuring the lamb shift. Science. 322(5906), 1357–1360. mla: Fragner, A., et al. “Resolving Vacuum Fluctuations in an Electrical Circuit by Measuring the Lamb Shift.” Science, vol. 322, no. 5906, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2008, pp. 1357–60, doi:10.1126/science.1164482. short: A. Fragner, M. Göppl, J.M. Fink, M. Baur, R. Bianchetti, P. Leek, A. Blais, A. Wallraff, Science 322 (2008) 1357–1360. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:53Z date_published: 2008-11-28T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:53:03Z day: '28' doi: 10.1126/science.1164482 extern: 1 intvolume: ' 322' issue: '5906' month: '11' page: 1357 - 1360 publication: Science publication_status: published publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science publist_id: '5357' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: Resolving vacuum fluctuations in an electrical circuit by measuring the lamb shift type: journal_article volume: 322 year: '2008' ... --- _id: '1765' abstract: - lang: eng text: High quality on-chip microwave resonators have recently found prominent new applications in quantum optics and quantum information processing experiments with superconducting electronic circuits, a field now known as circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED). They are also used as single photon detectors and parametric amplifiers. Here we analyze the physical properties of coplanar waveguide resonators and their relation to the materials properties for use in circuit QED. We have designed and fabricated resonators with fundamental frequencies from 2 to 9 GHz and quality factors ranging from a few hundreds to a several hundred thousands controlled by appropriately designed input and output coupling capacitors. The microwave transmission spectra measured at temperatures of 20 mK are shown to be in good agreement with theoretical lumped element and distributed element transmission matrix models. In particular, the experimentally determined resonance frequencies, quality factors, and insertion losses are fully and consistently explained by the two models for all measured devices. The high level of control and flexibility in design renders these resonators ideal for storing and manipulating quantum electromagnetic fields in integrated superconducting electronic circuits. acknowledgement: This work was supported by Swiss National Fund (SNF) and ETH Zürich. P.J.L. was supported by the EC with a MC-EIF author: - first_name: M full_name: Göppl, M last_name: Göppl - first_name: A full_name: Fragner, A last_name: Fragner - first_name: Matthias full_name: Baur, Matthias P last_name: Baur - first_name: R full_name: Bianchetti, R last_name: Bianchetti - first_name: Stefan full_name: Filipp, Stefan last_name: Filipp - first_name: Johannes M full_name: Johannes Fink id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Fink orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X - first_name: Peter full_name: Leek, Peter J last_name: Leek - first_name: G full_name: Puebla, G last_name: Puebla - first_name: L. full_name: Steffen, L. Kraig last_name: Steffen - first_name: Andreas full_name: Wallraff, Andreas last_name: Wallraff citation: ama: Göppl M, Fragner A, Baur M, et al. Coplanar waveguide resonators for circuit quantum electrodynamics. Journal of Applied Physics. 2008;104(11). doi:10.1063/1.3010859 apa: Göppl, M., Fragner, A., Baur, M., Bianchetti, R., Filipp, S., Fink, J. M., … Wallraff, A. (2008). Coplanar waveguide resonators for circuit quantum electrodynamics. Journal of Applied Physics. American Institute of Physics. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3010859 chicago: Göppl, M, A Fragner, Matthias Baur, R Bianchetti, Stefan Filipp, Johannes M Fink, Peter Leek, G Puebla, L. Steffen, and Andreas Wallraff. “Coplanar Waveguide Resonators for Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics.” Journal of Applied Physics. American Institute of Physics, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3010859. ieee: M. Göppl et al., “Coplanar waveguide resonators for circuit quantum electrodynamics,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 104, no. 11. American Institute of Physics, 2008. ista: Göppl M, Fragner A, Baur M, Bianchetti R, Filipp S, Fink JM, Leek P, Puebla G, Steffen L, Wallraff A. 2008. Coplanar waveguide resonators for circuit quantum electrodynamics. Journal of Applied Physics. 104(11). mla: Göppl, M., et al. “Coplanar Waveguide Resonators for Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics.” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 104, no. 11, American Institute of Physics, 2008, doi:10.1063/1.3010859. short: M. Göppl, A. Fragner, M. Baur, R. Bianchetti, S. Filipp, J.M. Fink, P. Leek, G. Puebla, L. Steffen, A. Wallraff, Journal of Applied Physics 104 (2008). date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:53Z date_published: 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:53:03Z day: '01' doi: 10.1063/1.3010859 extern: 1 intvolume: ' 104' issue: '11' main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: http://arxiv.org/abs/0807.4094 month: '01' oa: 1 publication: Journal of Applied Physics publication_status: published publisher: American Institute of Physics publist_id: '5355' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: Coplanar waveguide resonators for circuit quantum electrodynamics type: journal_article volume: 104 year: '2008' ... --- _id: '17721' abstract: - lang: eng text: High-redshift quasars (z >~ 6) drive ionization fronts into the intergalactic medium (IGM). If the thickness of the front can be measured, it can provide a novel constraint on the ionizing spectral energy distribution (SED). Here we follow the propagation of an I-front into a uniform IGM, and compute its thickness for a range of possible quasar spectra and ages. We also explore the effects of uniform and non-uniform ionizing backgrounds. We find that even for hard spectra, the fronts are initially thin, with a thickness much smaller than the mean free path of ionizing photons, but the thickness increases as the front approaches equilibrium in 10^8 - 10^9 years, and can eventually significantly exceed simple estimates based on the mean free path. With a high intrinsic hydrogen column density obscuring the source (log(N_H/cm^-2) >~ 19.2) or a hard power-law spectrum combined with some obscuration (e.g. dlog(F_\nu)/dlog(\nu) >~ -1.2 at log(N_H/cm^-2) >~ 18.0), the thickness of the front exceeds ~1 physical Mpc and may be measurable from the morphology of its redshifted 21cm signal. We find that the highly ionized inner part of the front, which may be probed by Lyman line absorption spectra, remains sharp for bright quasars unless a large obscuring column (log(N_H/cm^-2) >~ 19.2) removes most of their ionizing photons up to ~40 eV. For obscured sources with log(N_H/cm^-2) >~ 19.8, embedded in a significantly neutral IGM, the black Lyman-alpha trough (where the neutral fraction is ~10^-3) underestimates the size of the HII region by a factor of >~4. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: R. H. full_name: Kramer, R. H. last_name: Kramer - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman citation: ama: Kramer RH, Haiman Z. The thickness of high-redshift quasar ionization fronts as a constraint on the ionizing spectral energy distribution. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2008;385(3):1561-1575. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12945.x apa: Kramer, R. H., & Haiman, Z. (2008). The thickness of high-redshift quasar ionization fronts as a constraint on the ionizing spectral energy distribution. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12945.x chicago: Kramer, R. H., and Zoltán Haiman. “The Thickness of High-Redshift Quasar Ionization Fronts as a Constraint on the Ionizing Spectral Energy Distribution.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12945.x. ieee: R. H. Kramer and Z. Haiman, “The thickness of high-redshift quasar ionization fronts as a constraint on the ionizing spectral energy distribution,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 385, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 1561–1575, 2008. ista: Kramer RH, Haiman Z. 2008. The thickness of high-redshift quasar ionization fronts as a constraint on the ionizing spectral energy distribution. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 385(3), 1561–1575. mla: Kramer, R. H., and Zoltán Haiman. “The Thickness of High-Redshift Quasar Ionization Fronts as a Constraint on the Ionizing Spectral Energy Distribution.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 385, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2008, pp. 1561–75, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12945.x. short: R.H. Kramer, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 385 (2008) 1561–1575. date_created: 2024-09-06T09:09:01Z date_published: 2008-03-13T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-25T13:54:14Z day: '13' doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12945.x extern: '1' intvolume: ' 385' issue: '3' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12945.x month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 1561-1575 publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society publication_identifier: issn: - 0035-8711 - 1365-2966 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The thickness of high-redshift quasar ionization fronts as a constraint on the ionizing spectral energy distribution type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 385 year: '2008' ... --- _id: '17734' abstract: - lang: eng text: Electromagnetic (EM) counterparts to supermassive black hole binary mergers observed by LISA can be localized to within the field of view of astronomical instruments ~10 deg^2 hours to weeks prior to coalescence. The temporal coincidence of any prompt EM counterpart with a gravitationally-timed merger may offer the best chance of identifying a unique host galaxy. We discuss the challenges posed by searches for prompt EM counterparts and propose novel observational strategies to address them. In particular, we discuss the size and shape evolution of the LISA localization error ellipses on the sky, and quantify the requirements for dedicated EM surveys of the area prior to coalescence. A triggered EM counterpart search campaign will require monitoring a several-square degree area. It could aim for variability at the 24-27 mag level in optical bands, for example, which corresponds to 1-10% of the Eddington luminosity of the prime LISA sources of 10^6-10^7 Msun BHs at z=1-2, on time-scales of minutes to hours, the orbital time-scale of the binary in the last 2-4 weeks. A cross-correlation of the period of any variable EM signal with the quasi-periodic gravitational waveform over 10-1000 cycles may aid the detection. Alternatively, EM searches can detect a transient signal accompanying the coalescence. We highlight the measurement of differences in the arrival times of photons and gravitons from the same cosmological source as a valuable independent test of the massive character of gravity, and of possible violations of Lorentz invariance in the gravity sector. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Bence full_name: Kocsis, Bence last_name: Kocsis - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman - first_name: Kristen full_name: Menou, Kristen last_name: Menou citation: ama: 'Kocsis B, Haiman Z, Menou K. Premerger localization of gravitational wave standard sirens with LISA: Triggered search for an electromagnetic counterpart. The Astrophysical Journal. 2008;684(2):870-887. doi:10.1086/590230' apa: 'Kocsis, B., Haiman, Z., & Menou, K. (2008). Premerger localization of gravitational wave standard sirens with LISA: Triggered search for an electromagnetic counterpart. The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.1086/590230' chicago: 'Kocsis, Bence, Zoltán Haiman, and Kristen Menou. “Premerger Localization of Gravitational Wave Standard Sirens with LISA: Triggered Search for an Electromagnetic Counterpart.” The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1086/590230.' ieee: 'B. Kocsis, Z. Haiman, and K. Menou, “Premerger localization of gravitational wave standard sirens with LISA: Triggered search for an electromagnetic counterpart,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 684, no. 2. American Astronomical Society, pp. 870–887, 2008.' ista: 'Kocsis B, Haiman Z, Menou K. 2008. Premerger localization of gravitational wave standard sirens with LISA: Triggered search for an electromagnetic counterpart. The Astrophysical Journal. 684(2), 870–887.' mla: 'Kocsis, Bence, et al. “Premerger Localization of Gravitational Wave Standard Sirens with LISA: Triggered Search for an Electromagnetic Counterpart.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 684, no. 2, American Astronomical Society, 2008, pp. 870–87, doi:10.1086/590230.' short: B. Kocsis, Z. Haiman, K. Menou, The Astrophysical Journal 684 (2008) 870–887. date_created: 2024-09-06T09:18:47Z date_published: 2008-09-10T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-26T07:56:49Z day: '10' doi: 10.1086/590230 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 684' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1086/590230 month: '09' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 870-887 publication: The Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: issn: - 0004-637X - 1538-4357 publication_status: published publisher: American Astronomical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Premerger localization of gravitational wave standard sirens with LISA: Triggered search for an electromagnetic counterpart' type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 684 year: '2008' ... --- _id: '17751' abstract: - lang: eng text: With the help of numerical simulations, we examine two aspects of feedback from the first generation of stars on later star formation. First, we investigate the impact of relic HII regions on forming halos. We find that the positive and negative effects of such feedback nearly cancel because the increase in entropy due to heating is balanced by the increase in the H 2 fraction due to the free electrons. However, these halos can be delayed more easily by a background Lyman-Werner flux. Second, we show that HD cooling is important in halos which have been ionized and allowed to recombine. Gas is allowed to cool to the CMB temperature at densities around n∼10 4cm-3, reducing the accreted mass by a factor of a few. However, as the collapse proceeds, the central gas density exceeds the critical density of HD and heats until HD cooling is no longer important. Therefore the behaviour of the (smaller mass) core is relatively unaffected by HD cooling. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Greg L. full_name: Bryan, Greg L. last_name: Bryan - first_name: Ian D. full_name: McGreer, Ian D. last_name: McGreer - first_name: Andrei full_name: Mesinger, Andrei last_name: Mesinger - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman citation: ama: 'Bryan GL, McGreer ID, Mesinger A, Haiman Z. Feedback effects on population III star formation. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. American Institute of Physics; 2008. doi:10.1063/1.2905582' apa: 'Bryan, G. L., McGreer, I. D., Mesinger, A., & Haiman, Z. (2008). Feedback effects on population III star formation. In AIP Conference Proceedings. Santa Fe, NM, United States: American Institute of Physics. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2905582' chicago: Bryan, Greg L., Ian D. McGreer, Andrei Mesinger, and Zoltán Haiman. “Feedback Effects on Population III Star Formation.” In AIP Conference Proceedings. American Institute of Physics, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2905582. ieee: G. L. Bryan, I. D. McGreer, A. Mesinger, and Z. Haiman, “Feedback effects on population III star formation,” in AIP Conference Proceedings, Santa Fe, NM, United States, 2008. ista: 'Bryan GL, McGreer ID, Mesinger A, Haiman Z. 2008. Feedback effects on population III star formation. AIP Conference Proceedings. FIRST STARS III: First Stars II Conference.' mla: Bryan, Greg L., et al. “Feedback Effects on Population III Star Formation.” AIP Conference Proceedings, American Institute of Physics, 2008, doi:10.1063/1.2905582. short: G.L. Bryan, I.D. McGreer, A. Mesinger, Z. Haiman, in:, AIP Conference Proceedings, American Institute of Physics, 2008. conference: end_date: 2007-07-20 location: Santa Fe, NM, United States name: 'FIRST STARS III: First Stars II Conference' start_date: 2007-07-15 date_created: 2024-09-06T09:39:10Z date_published: 2008-03-11T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-30T07:46:06Z day: '11' doi: 10.1063/1.2905582 extern: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2905582 month: '03' oa_version: None publication: AIP Conference Proceedings publication_identifier: issn: - 0094-243X publication_status: published publisher: American Institute of Physics quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Feedback effects on population III star formation type: conference user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 year: '2008' ... --- _id: '17752' abstract: - lang: eng text: Supermassive black hole binaries (BHBs) produced in galaxy mergers recoil at the time of their coalescence due to the emission of gravitational waves (GWs). We simulate the response of a thin, 2D disk of collisionless particles, initially on circular orbits around a 10^6 M_sun BHB, to kicks that are either parallel or perpendicular to the initial orbital plane. Typical kick velocities (v_k) can exceed the sound speed in a circumbinary gas disk. While the inner disk is strongly bound to the recoiling binary, the outer disk is only weakly bound or unbound. This leads to differential motions in the disturbed disk that increase with radius and can become supersonic at ~700 Schwarzschild radii for v_k ~500 km/s, implying that shocks form beyond this radius. We indeed find that kicks in the disk plane lead to immediate strong density enhancements (within weeks) in a tightly wound spiral caustic, propagating outward at the speed v_k. Concentric density enhancements are also observed for kicks perpendicular to the disk, but are weaker and develop into caustics only after a long delay (>1 year). Unless both BH spins are low or precisely aligned with the orbital angular momentum, a significant fraction (> several %) of kicks are sufficiently large and well aligned with the orbital plane for strong shocks to be produced. The shocks could result in an afterglow whose characteristic photon energy increases with time, from the UV (~10eV) to the soft X-ray (~100eV) range, between one month and one year after the merger. This could help identify EM counterparts to GW sources discovered by LISA. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Lippai, Zoltán last_name: Lippai - first_name: Zsolt full_name: Frei, Zsolt last_name: Frei - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman citation: ama: Lippai Z, Frei Z, Haiman Z. Prompt shocks in the gas disk around a recoiling supermassive black hole binary. The Astrophysical Journal. 2008;676(1):L5-L8. doi:10.1086/587034 apa: Lippai, Z., Frei, Z., & Haiman, Z. (2008). Prompt shocks in the gas disk around a recoiling supermassive black hole binary. The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.1086/587034 chicago: Lippai, Zoltán, Zsolt Frei, and Zoltán Haiman. “Prompt Shocks in the Gas Disk around a Recoiling Supermassive Black Hole Binary.” The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1086/587034. ieee: Z. Lippai, Z. Frei, and Z. Haiman, “Prompt shocks in the gas disk around a recoiling supermassive black hole binary,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 676, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, pp. L5–L8, 2008. ista: Lippai Z, Frei Z, Haiman Z. 2008. Prompt shocks in the gas disk around a recoiling supermassive black hole binary. The Astrophysical Journal. 676(1), L5–L8. mla: Lippai, Zoltán, et al. “Prompt Shocks in the Gas Disk around a Recoiling Supermassive Black Hole Binary.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 676, no. 1, American Astronomical Society, 2008, pp. L5–8, doi:10.1086/587034. short: Z. Lippai, Z. Frei, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal 676 (2008) L5–L8. date_created: 2024-09-06T09:40:05Z date_published: 2008-03-20T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-30T07:50:45Z day: '20' doi: 10.1086/587034 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 676' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1086/587034 month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: L5-L8 publication: The Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: issn: - 0004-637X - 1538-4357 publication_status: published publisher: American Astronomical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Prompt shocks in the gas disk around a recoiling supermassive black hole binary type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 676 year: '2008' ... --- _id: '17756' abstract: - lang: eng text: At the epoch of reionization, when the high-redshift inter-galactic medium (IGM) is being enriched with metals, the 63.2 micron fine structure line of OI is pumped by the ~ 1300 AA soft UV background and introduces a spectral distortion in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Here we use a toy model for the spatial distribution of neutral oxygen, assuming metal bubbles surround dark matter halos, and compute the fluctuations of this distortion, and the angular power spectrum it imprints on the CMB. We discuss the dependence of the power spectrum on the velocity of the winds polluting the IGM with metals, the minimum mass of the halos producing these winds, and on the cosmic epoch when the OI pumping occurs. We find that, although the clustering signal of the CMB distortion is weak \delta y_{rms} ~ 10^{-7} (roughly corresponding to a temperature anisotropy of few nK), it may be reachable in deep integrations with high-sensitivity infrared detectors. Even without a detection, these instruments should be able to useful constraints on the heavy element enrichment history of the IGM. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Carlos full_name: Hernandez‐Monteagudo, Carlos last_name: Hernandez‐Monteagudo - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman - first_name: Licia full_name: Verde, Licia last_name: Verde - first_name: Raul full_name: Jimenez, Raul last_name: Jimenez citation: ama: Hernandez‐Monteagudo C, Haiman Z, Verde L, Jimenez R. Oxygen pumping. II. Probing the inhomogeneous metal enrichment at the epoch of reionization with high‐frequency CMB observations. The Astrophysical Journal. 2008;672(1):33-39. doi:10.1086/523872 apa: Hernandez‐Monteagudo, C., Haiman, Z., Verde, L., & Jimenez, R. (2008). Oxygen pumping. II. Probing the inhomogeneous metal enrichment at the epoch of reionization with high‐frequency CMB observations. The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.1086/523872 chicago: Hernandez‐Monteagudo, Carlos, Zoltán Haiman, Licia Verde, and Raul Jimenez. “Oxygen Pumping. II. Probing the Inhomogeneous Metal Enrichment at the Epoch of Reionization with High‐frequency CMB Observations.” The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1086/523872. ieee: C. Hernandez‐Monteagudo, Z. Haiman, L. Verde, and R. Jimenez, “Oxygen pumping. II. Probing the inhomogeneous metal enrichment at the epoch of reionization with high‐frequency CMB observations,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 672, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, pp. 33–39, 2008. ista: Hernandez‐Monteagudo C, Haiman Z, Verde L, Jimenez R. 2008. Oxygen pumping. II. Probing the inhomogeneous metal enrichment at the epoch of reionization with high‐frequency CMB observations. The Astrophysical Journal. 672(1), 33–39. mla: Hernandez‐Monteagudo, Carlos, et al. “Oxygen Pumping. II. Probing the Inhomogeneous Metal Enrichment at the Epoch of Reionization with High‐frequency CMB Observations.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 672, no. 1, American Astronomical Society, 2008, pp. 33–39, doi:10.1086/523872. short: C. Hernandez‐Monteagudo, Z. Haiman, L. Verde, R. Jimenez, The Astrophysical Journal 672 (2008) 33–39. date_created: 2024-09-06T09:44:50Z date_published: 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-30T08:39:17Z day: '01' doi: 10.1086/523872 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 672' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1086/523872 month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 33-39 publication: The Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: issn: - 0004-637X - 1538-4357 publication_status: published publisher: American Astronomical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Oxygen pumping. II. Probing the inhomogeneous metal enrichment at the epoch of reionization with high‐frequency CMB observations type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 672 year: '2008' ... --- _id: '17762' abstract: - lang: eng text: "We conduct a Markov Chain Monte Carlo study of the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati self-accelerating braneworld scenario given the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy, supernovae and Hubble constant data by implementing an effective dark energy prescription for modified gravity into a standard Einstein-Boltzmann code. We find no way to alleviate the tension between distance measures and horizon-scale growth in this model. Growth alterations due to perturbations propagating into the bulk appear as excess CMB anisotropy at the lowest multipoles. In a flat cosmology, the maximum likelihood Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model is nominally a 5.3⁢\U0001D70E poorer fit than \U0001D6EC⁢CDM. Curvature can reduce the tension between distance measures but only at the expense of exacerbating the problem with growth leading to a 4.8⁢\U0001D70E result that is dominated by the low multipole CMB temperature spectrum. While changing the initial conditions to reduce large-scale power can flatten the temperature spectrum, this also suppresses the large angle polarization spectrum in violation of recent results from the five-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe. The failure of this model highlights the power of combining growth and distance measures in cosmology as a test of gravity on the largest scales." article_number: '103509' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Wenjuan full_name: Fang, Wenjuan last_name: Fang - first_name: Sheng full_name: Wang, Sheng last_name: Wang - first_name: Wayne full_name: Hu, Wayne last_name: Hu - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman - first_name: Lam full_name: Hui, Lam last_name: Hui - first_name: Morgan full_name: May, Morgan last_name: May citation: ama: Fang W, Wang S, Hu W, Haiman Z, Hui L, May M. Challenges to the DGP model from horizon-scale growth and geometry. Physical Review D. 2008;78(10). doi:10.1103/physrevd.78.103509 apa: Fang, W., Wang, S., Hu, W., Haiman, Z., Hui, L., & May, M. (2008). Challenges to the DGP model from horizon-scale growth and geometry. Physical Review D. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.78.103509 chicago: Fang, Wenjuan, Sheng Wang, Wayne Hu, Zoltán Haiman, Lam Hui, and Morgan May. “Challenges to the DGP Model from Horizon-Scale Growth and Geometry.” Physical Review D. American Physical Society, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.78.103509. ieee: W. Fang, S. Wang, W. Hu, Z. Haiman, L. Hui, and M. May, “Challenges to the DGP model from horizon-scale growth and geometry,” Physical Review D, vol. 78, no. 10. American Physical Society, 2008. ista: Fang W, Wang S, Hu W, Haiman Z, Hui L, May M. 2008. Challenges to the DGP model from horizon-scale growth and geometry. Physical Review D. 78(10), 103509. mla: Fang, Wenjuan, et al. “Challenges to the DGP Model from Horizon-Scale Growth and Geometry.” Physical Review D, vol. 78, no. 10, 103509, American Physical Society, 2008, doi:10.1103/physrevd.78.103509. short: W. Fang, S. Wang, W. Hu, Z. Haiman, L. Hui, M. May, Physical Review D 78 (2008). date_created: 2024-09-06T09:49:53Z date_published: 2008-11-10T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-30T09:16:05Z day: '10' doi: 10.1103/physrevd.78.103509 extern: '1' external_id: arxiv: - '0808.2208' intvolume: ' 78' issue: '10' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: ' https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.0808.2208' month: '11' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint publication: Physical Review D publication_identifier: issn: - 1550-7998 - 1550-2368 publication_status: published publisher: American Physical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Challenges to the DGP model from horizon-scale growth and geometry type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 78 year: '2008' ... --- _id: '17773' abstract: - lang: eng text: The notion that microparsec-scale black holes can be used to probe gigaparsec-scale physics may seem counterintuitive, at first. Yet, the gravitational observatory LISA will detect cosmologically-distant coalescing pairs of massive black holes, accurately measure their luminosity distance and help identify an electromagnetic counterpart or a host galaxy. A wide variety of new black hole studies and a gravitational version of Hubble’s diagram become possible, if host galaxies are successfully identified. Furthermore, if dark energy is a manifestation of large-scale modified gravity, deviations from general relativistic expectations could become apparent in a gravitational signal propagated over cosmological scales, especially when compared to the electromagnetic signal from a same source. Finally, since inspirals of white dwarfs into massive black holes at cosmological distances may permit pre-merger localizations, we suggest that careful monitoring of these events and any associated electromagnetic counterpart could lead to high-precision cosmological measurements with LISA. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Kristen full_name: Menou, Kristen last_name: Menou - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman - first_name: Bence full_name: Kocsis, Bence last_name: Kocsis citation: ama: Menou K, Haiman Z, Kocsis B. Cosmological physics with black holes (and possibly white dwarfs). New Astronomy Reviews. 2008;51(10-12):884-890. doi:10.1016/j.newar.2008.03.020 apa: Menou, K., Haiman, Z., & Kocsis, B. (2008). Cosmological physics with black holes (and possibly white dwarfs). New Astronomy Reviews. Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2008.03.020 chicago: Menou, Kristen, Zoltán Haiman, and Bence Kocsis. “Cosmological Physics with Black Holes (and Possibly White Dwarfs).” New Astronomy Reviews. Elsevier BV, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2008.03.020. ieee: K. Menou, Z. Haiman, and B. Kocsis, “Cosmological physics with black holes (and possibly white dwarfs),” New Astronomy Reviews, vol. 51, no. 10–12. Elsevier BV, pp. 884–890, 2008. ista: Menou K, Haiman Z, Kocsis B. 2008. Cosmological physics with black holes (and possibly white dwarfs). New Astronomy Reviews. 51(10–12), 884–890. mla: Menou, Kristen, et al. “Cosmological Physics with Black Holes (and Possibly White Dwarfs).” New Astronomy Reviews, vol. 51, no. 10–12, Elsevier BV, 2008, pp. 884–90, doi:10.1016/j.newar.2008.03.020. short: K. Menou, Z. Haiman, B. Kocsis, New Astronomy Reviews 51 (2008) 884–890. date_created: 2024-09-06T10:02:53Z date_published: 2008-05-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-30T11:28:25Z day: '01' doi: 10.1016/j.newar.2008.03.020 extern: '1' external_id: arxiv: - '0803.3627' intvolume: ' 51' issue: 10-12 language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: ' https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.0803.3627' month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint page: 884-890 publication: New Astronomy Reviews publication_identifier: issn: - 1387-6473 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier BV quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Cosmological physics with black holes (and possibly white dwarfs) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 51 year: '2008' ... --- _id: '17778' abstract: - lang: eng text: The earliest generation of stars and black holes must have established an early ‘Lyman–Werner’ background (LWB) at high redshift, prior to the epoch of reionization. Because of the long mean free path of photons with energies hν < 13.6 eV, the LWB was nearly uniform. However, some variation in the LWB is expected due to the discrete nature of the sources, and their highly clustered spatial distribution. In this paper, we compute the probability distribution function (PDF) of the LW flux that irradiates dark matter (DM) haloes collapsing at high redshift (z≈ 10). Our model accounts for (i) the clustering of DM haloes, (ii) Poisson fluctuations in the number of corresponding star-forming galaxies and (iii) scatter in the LW luminosity produced by haloes of a given mass (calibrated using local observations). We find that >99 per cent of the DM haloes are illuminated by an LW flux within a factor of 2 of the global mean value. However, a small fraction, ∼10^−8 to 10^−6, of DM haloes with virial temperatures Tvir≳ 10^4 K have a close luminous neighbour within ≲10 kpc, and are exposed to an LW flux exceeding the global mean by a factor of >20, or to J21,LW > 10^3 (in units of 10^−21 erg s^−1 Hz^−1 sr^−1 cm^−2). This large LW flux can photodissociate H2 molecules in the gas collapsing due to atomic cooling in these haloes, and prevent its further cooling and fragmentation. Such close halo pairs therefore provide possible sites in which primordial gas clouds collapse directly into massive black holes (MBH≈ 10^4−6M⊙), and subsequently grow into supermassive (MBH≳ 10^9M⊙) black holes by z≈ 6. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Mark full_name: Dijkstra, Mark last_name: Dijkstra - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman - first_name: Andrei full_name: Mesinger, Andrei last_name: Mesinger - first_name: J. Stuart B. full_name: Wyithe, J. Stuart B. last_name: Wyithe citation: ama: 'Dijkstra M, Haiman Z, Mesinger A, Wyithe JSB. Fluctuations in the high-redshift Lyman-Werner background: Close halo pairs as the origin of supermassive black holes. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2008;391(4):1961-1972. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14031.x' apa: 'Dijkstra, M., Haiman, Z., Mesinger, A., & Wyithe, J. S. B. (2008). Fluctuations in the high-redshift Lyman-Werner background: Close halo pairs as the origin of supermassive black holes. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14031.x' chicago: 'Dijkstra, Mark, Zoltán Haiman, Andrei Mesinger, and J. Stuart B. Wyithe. “Fluctuations in the High-Redshift Lyman-Werner Background: Close Halo Pairs as the Origin of Supermassive Black Holes.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14031.x.' ieee: 'M. Dijkstra, Z. Haiman, A. Mesinger, and J. S. B. Wyithe, “Fluctuations in the high-redshift Lyman-Werner background: Close halo pairs as the origin of supermassive black holes,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 391, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 1961–1972, 2008.' ista: 'Dijkstra M, Haiman Z, Mesinger A, Wyithe JSB. 2008. Fluctuations in the high-redshift Lyman-Werner background: Close halo pairs as the origin of supermassive black holes. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 391(4), 1961–1972.' mla: 'Dijkstra, Mark, et al. “Fluctuations in the High-Redshift Lyman-Werner Background: Close Halo Pairs as the Origin of Supermassive Black Holes.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 391, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2008, pp. 1961–72, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14031.x.' short: M. Dijkstra, Z. Haiman, A. Mesinger, J.S.B. Wyithe, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 391 (2008) 1961–1972. date_created: 2024-09-06T10:13:39Z date_published: 2008-12-11T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-30T11:57:59Z day: '11' doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14031.x extern: '1' intvolume: ' 391' issue: '4' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14031.x month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 1961-1972 publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society publication_identifier: issn: - 0035-8711 - 1365-2966 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Fluctuations in the high-redshift Lyman-Werner background: Close halo pairs as the origin of supermassive black holes' type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 391 year: '2008' ... --- _id: '17787' abstract: - lang: eng text: One of the most dramatic signatures of the reionization era may be the enormous ionized bubbles around luminous quasars (with radii reaching ~40 comoving Mpc), which may survive as "fossil" ionized regions long after their source shuts off. Here we study how the inhomogeneous intergalactic medium (IGM) evolves inside such fossils. The average recombination rate declines rapidly with time, and the brief quasar episode significantly increases the mean free path inside the fossil bubbles. As a result, even a weak ionizing background generated by galaxies inside the fossil can maintain it in a relatively highly and uniformly ionized state. For example, galaxies that would ionize 20%-30% of hydrogen in a random patch of the IGM can maintain 80%-90% ionization inside the fossil for a duration much longer than the average recombination time in the IGM. Quasar fossils at z≲ 10 thus retain their identity for nearly a Hubble time and appear "gray," distinct from both the average IGM (which has a "Swiss cheese" ionization topology and a lower mean ionized fraction) and the fully ionized bubbles around active quasars. More distant fossils, at z≳ 10, have a weaker galaxy-generated ionizing background and a higher gas density, so they can attain a Swiss cheese topology similar to the rest of the IGM, but with a smaller contrast between the ionized bubbles and the partially neutral regions separating them. Analogous He III fossils should exist around the epoch of He II/He III reionization at z ∼ 3, although rapid recombination inside the He III fossils is more common. Our model of inhomogeneous recombination also applies to "double-reionization" models and shows that a nonmonotonic reionization history is even more unlikely than previously thought. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Steven R. full_name: Furlanetto, Steven R. last_name: Furlanetto - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman - first_name: S. Peng full_name: Oh, S. Peng last_name: Oh citation: ama: Furlanetto SR, Haiman Z, Oh SP. Fossil Ionized bubbles around dead quasars during reionization. The Astrophysical Journal. 2008;686(1):25-40. doi:10.1086/591047 apa: Furlanetto, S. R., Haiman, Z., & Oh, S. P. (2008). Fossil Ionized bubbles around dead quasars during reionization. The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.1086/591047 chicago: Furlanetto, Steven R., Zoltán Haiman, and S. Peng Oh. “Fossil Ionized Bubbles around Dead Quasars during Reionization.” The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1086/591047. ieee: S. R. Furlanetto, Z. Haiman, and S. P. Oh, “Fossil Ionized bubbles around dead quasars during reionization,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 686, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, pp. 25–40, 2008. ista: Furlanetto SR, Haiman Z, Oh SP. 2008. Fossil Ionized bubbles around dead quasars during reionization. The Astrophysical Journal. 686(1), 25–40. mla: Furlanetto, Steven R., et al. “Fossil Ionized Bubbles around Dead Quasars during Reionization.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 686, no. 1, American Astronomical Society, 2008, pp. 25–40, doi:10.1086/591047. short: S.R. Furlanetto, Z. Haiman, S.P. Oh, The Astrophysical Journal 686 (2008) 25–40. date_created: 2024-09-06T10:19:49Z date_published: 2008-10-10T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-30T13:04:56Z day: '10' doi: 10.1086/591047 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 686' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1086/591047 month: '10' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint page: 25-40 publication: The Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: issn: - 0004-637X - 1538-4357 publication_status: published publisher: American Astronomical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Fossil Ionized bubbles around dead quasars during reionization type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 686 year: '2008' ... --- _id: '17788' abstract: - lang: eng text: Nongravitational processes, such as feedback from galaxies and their active nuclei, are believed to have injected excess entropy into the intracluster gas, and therefore to have modified the density profiles in galaxy clusters during their formation. Here we study a simple model for this so-called preheating scenario, and ask (1) whether it can simultaneously explain both global X-ray scaling relations and number counts of galaxy clusters, and (2) whether the amount of entropy required evolves with redshift. We adopt a baseline entropy profile that fits recent hydrodynamic simulations, modify the hydrostatic equilibrium condition for the gas by including ≈20% nonthermal pressure support, and add an entropy floor K0 that is allowed to vary with redshift. We find that the observed luminosity-temperature (L − T) relations of low-redshift (⟨ z⟩ = 0.05) HIFLUGCS clusters and high-redshift (⟨ z⟩ = 0.80) WARPS clusters are best simultaneously reproduced with an entropy floor that evolves from ≈200 h^−1/3 keV cm^ 2 at z ≈ 0.8 to ≳300 h^−1/3 keV cm^ 2 at z < 0.05. This evolution may take place predominantly at low redshift (z≲ 0.2). If we restrict our analysis to the subset of bright (kT≳ 3 keV) clusters, we find that the evolving entropy floor can mimic a self-similar evolution in the L − T scaling relation. This degeneracy with self-similar evolution is, however, lifted when 0.5 keV ≲ kT≲ 3 keV clusters are included. Using the cosmological parameters from the WMAP 3 yr data, but treating σ8 as a free parameter, our model can reproduce the number counts of the X-ray galaxy clusters in the 158 deg2 ROSAT PSPC survey, with a best-fit value of σ8 = 0.80 ± 0.05. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Wenjuan full_name: Fang, Wenjuan last_name: Fang - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman citation: ama: Fang W, Haiman Z. An evolving entropy floor in the intracluster gas? The Astrophysical Journal. 2008;680(1):200-213. doi:10.1086/587780 apa: Fang, W., & Haiman, Z. (2008). An evolving entropy floor in the intracluster gas? The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.1086/587780 chicago: Fang, Wenjuan, and Zoltán Haiman. “An Evolving Entropy Floor in the Intracluster Gas?” The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1086/587780. ieee: W. Fang and Z. Haiman, “An evolving entropy floor in the intracluster gas?,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 680, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, pp. 200–213, 2008. ista: Fang W, Haiman Z. 2008. An evolving entropy floor in the intracluster gas? The Astrophysical Journal. 680(1), 200–213. mla: Fang, Wenjuan, and Zoltán Haiman. “An Evolving Entropy Floor in the Intracluster Gas?” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 680, no. 1, American Astronomical Society, 2008, pp. 200–13, doi:10.1086/587780. short: W. Fang, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal 680 (2008) 200–213. date_created: 2024-09-06T10:20:50Z date_published: 2008-06-10T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-30T13:33:11Z day: '10' doi: 10.1086/587780 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 680' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1086/587780 month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 200-213 publication: The Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: issn: - 0004-637X - 1538-4357 publication_status: published publisher: American Astronomical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: An evolving entropy floor in the intracluster gas? type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 680 year: '2008' ... --- _id: '17789' abstract: - lang: eng text: Light-travel time delays distort the apparent shapes of H II regions surrounding bright quasars during early stages of cosmic reionization. Individual H II regions may remain undetectable in forthcoming redshifted 21 cm experiments. However, the systematic deformation along the line of sight may be detectable statistically, either by stacking tomographic 21 cm images of quasars identified, for example, by the James Webb Space Telescope, or as small-scale anisotropy in the three-dimensional 21 cm power spectrum. Here we consider the detectability of this effect. The anisotropy is largest when H II regions are large and expand rapidly, and we find that if bright quasars contributed to the early stages of reionization, then they can produce significant anisotropy, on scales comparable to the typical sizes of H II regions of the bright quasars (≲30 Mpc). The effect therefore cannot be ignored when analyzing future 21 cm power spectra on small scales. If 10% of the volume of the intergalactic medium at z≃ 10 is ionized by quasars with typical ionizing luminosity of S≳ 5 × 10^56 s^−1, the distortions cause an ≳10 percent enhancement of the 21 cm power spectrum in the radial (redshift) direction, relative to the transverse directions. The level of this anisotropy exceeds that due to redshift-space distortion and has the opposite sign. We show that ongoing experiments such as Murchison Widefield Array (MWA, formerly known as the Mileura Widefield Array) should be able to detect this effect. A detection would reveal the presence of bright quasars and shed light on the ionizing yield and age of the ionizing sources and the distribution and small-scale clumping of neutral intergalactic gas in their vicinity. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Shiv full_name: Sethi, Shiv last_name: Sethi - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman citation: ama: Sethi S, Haiman Z. Can we detect the anisotropic shapes of quasar H ii regions during reionization through the small‐scale redshifted 21 cm power spectrum? The Astrophysical Journal. 2008;673(1):1-13. doi:10.1086/523787 apa: Sethi, S., & Haiman, Z. (2008). Can we detect the anisotropic shapes of quasar H ii regions during reionization through the small‐scale redshifted 21 cm power spectrum? The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.1086/523787 chicago: Sethi, Shiv, and Zoltán Haiman. “Can We Detect the Anisotropic Shapes of Quasar H Ii Regions during Reionization through the Small‐scale Redshifted 21 Cm Power Spectrum?” The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1086/523787. ieee: S. Sethi and Z. Haiman, “Can we detect the anisotropic shapes of quasar H ii regions during reionization through the small‐scale redshifted 21 cm power spectrum?,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 673, no. 1. American Astronomical Society, pp. 1–13, 2008. ista: Sethi S, Haiman Z. 2008. Can we detect the anisotropic shapes of quasar H ii regions during reionization through the small‐scale redshifted 21 cm power spectrum? The Astrophysical Journal. 673(1), 1–13. mla: Sethi, Shiv, and Zoltán Haiman. “Can We Detect the Anisotropic Shapes of Quasar H Ii Regions during Reionization through the Small‐scale Redshifted 21 Cm Power Spectrum?” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 673, no. 1, American Astronomical Society, 2008, pp. 1–13, doi:10.1086/523787. short: S. Sethi, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal 673 (2008) 1–13. date_created: 2024-09-06T10:21:39Z date_published: 2008-01-20T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-09-30T13:47:04Z day: '20' doi: 10.1086/523787 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 673' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1086/523787 month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 1-13 publication: The Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: issn: - 0004-637X - 1538-4357 publication_status: published publisher: American Astronomical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Can we detect the anisotropic shapes of quasar H ii regions during reionization through the small‐scale redshifted 21 cm power spectrum? type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 673 year: '2008' ... --- OA_place: repository OA_type: free access _id: '17804' abstract: - lang: eng text: Primordial gas in protogalactic DM halos with virial temperatures Tvir≳ 104 K begins to cool and condense via atomic hydrogen. Provided that this gas is irradiated by a strong UV flux and remains free of H2 and other molecules, it has been proposed that the halo with Tvir ∼ 104 K may avoid fragmentation and lead to the rapid formation of an SMBH as massive as M ≈ 105–106 M☉. This "head start" would help explain the presence of SMBHs with inferred masses of several times 109 M☉, powering the bright quasars discovered in the SDSS at redshift z≳ 6. However, high-redshift DM halos with Tvir ∼ 104 K are likely already enriched with at least trace amounts of metals and dust produced by prior star formation in their progenitors. Here we study the thermal and chemical evolution of low-metallicity gas exposed to extremely strong UV radiation fields. Our results, obtained in one-zone models, suggest that gas fragmentation is inevitable above a critical metallicity, whose value is between Zcr ≈ 3 × 10−4 Z☉ (in the absence of dust) and as low as Zcr ≈ 5 × 10−6 Z☉ (with a dust-to-gas mass ratio of about 0.01Z/Z☉). We propose that when the metallicity exceeds these critical values, dense clusters of low-mass stars may form at the halo nucleus. Relatively massive stars in such a cluster can then rapidly coalesce into a single more massive object, which may produce an intermediate-mass BH remnant with a mass up to M≲ 102–103 M☉. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: K. full_name: Omukai, K. last_name: Omukai - first_name: R. full_name: Schneider, R. last_name: Schneider - first_name: Zoltán full_name: Haiman, Zoltán id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36 last_name: Haiman orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403 citation: ama: Omukai K, Schneider R, Haiman Z. Can supermassive black holes form in metal‐enriched high‐redshift protogalaxies? The Astrophysical Journal. 2008;686(2):801-814. doi:10.1086/591636 apa: Omukai, K., Schneider, R., & Haiman, Z. (2008). Can supermassive black holes form in metal‐enriched high‐redshift protogalaxies? The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.1086/591636 chicago: Omukai, K., R. Schneider, and Zoltán Haiman. “Can Supermassive Black Holes Form in Metal‐enriched High‐redshift Protogalaxies?” The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1086/591636. ieee: K. Omukai, R. Schneider, and Z. Haiman, “Can supermassive black holes form in metal‐enriched high‐redshift protogalaxies?,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 686, no. 2. American Astronomical Society, pp. 801–814, 2008. ista: Omukai K, Schneider R, Haiman Z. 2008. Can supermassive black holes form in metal‐enriched high‐redshift protogalaxies? The Astrophysical Journal. 686(2), 801–814. mla: Omukai, K., et al. “Can Supermassive Black Holes Form in Metal‐enriched High‐redshift Protogalaxies?” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 686, no. 2, American Astronomical Society, 2008, pp. 801–14, doi:10.1086/591636. short: K. Omukai, R. Schneider, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal 686 (2008) 801–814. date_created: 2024-09-06T11:33:03Z date_published: 2008-08-20T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-11-12T10:11:29Z day: '20' doi: 10.1086/591636 extern: '1' external_id: arxiv: - '0804.3141' intvolume: ' 686' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.0804.3141 month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint page: 801-814 publication: The Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: eissn: - 1538-4357 issn: - 0004-637X publication_status: published publisher: American Astronomical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Can supermassive black holes form in metal‐enriched high‐redshift protogalaxies? type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 686 year: '2008' ... --- _id: '7752' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Matthew Richard full_name: Robinson, Matthew Richard id: E5D42276-F5DA-11E9-8E24-6303E6697425 last_name: Robinson orcid: 0000-0001-8982-8813 - first_name: Jill G. full_name: Pilkington, Jill G. last_name: Pilkington - first_name: Tim H. full_name: Clutton-Brock, Tim H. last_name: Clutton-Brock - first_name: Josephine M. full_name: Pemberton, Josephine M. last_name: Pemberton - first_name: Loeske. E.B. full_name: Kruuk, Loeske. E.B. last_name: Kruuk citation: ama: Robinson MR, Pilkington JG, Clutton-Brock TH, Pemberton JM, Kruuk LEB. Environmental heterogeneity generates fluctuating selection on a secondary sexual trait. Current Biology. 2008;18(10):751-757. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.059 apa: Robinson, M. R., Pilkington, J. G., Clutton-Brock, T. H., Pemberton, J. M., & Kruuk, L. E. B. (2008). Environmental heterogeneity generates fluctuating selection on a secondary sexual trait. Current Biology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.059 chicago: Robinson, Matthew Richard, Jill G. Pilkington, Tim H. Clutton-Brock, Josephine M. Pemberton, and Loeske. E.B. Kruuk. “Environmental Heterogeneity Generates Fluctuating Selection on a Secondary Sexual Trait.” Current Biology. Elsevier, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.059. ieee: M. R. Robinson, J. G. Pilkington, T. H. Clutton-Brock, J. M. Pemberton, and L. E. B. Kruuk, “Environmental heterogeneity generates fluctuating selection on a secondary sexual trait,” Current Biology, vol. 18, no. 10. Elsevier, pp. 751–757, 2008. ista: Robinson MR, Pilkington JG, Clutton-Brock TH, Pemberton JM, Kruuk LEB. 2008. Environmental heterogeneity generates fluctuating selection on a secondary sexual trait. Current Biology. 18(10), 751–757. mla: Robinson, Matthew Richard, et al. “Environmental Heterogeneity Generates Fluctuating Selection on a Secondary Sexual Trait.” Current Biology, vol. 18, no. 10, Elsevier, 2008, pp. 751–57, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.059. short: M.R. Robinson, J.G. Pilkington, T.H. Clutton-Brock, J.M. Pemberton, L.E.B. Kruuk, Current Biology 18 (2008) 751–757. date_created: 2020-04-30T11:02:13Z date_published: 2008-05-20T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:15:17Z day: '20' doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.059 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 18' issue: '10' language: - iso: eng month: '05' oa_version: None page: 751-757 publication: Current Biology publication_identifier: issn: - 0960-9822 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Environmental heterogeneity generates fluctuating selection on a secondary sexual trait type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 18 year: '2008' ... --- _id: '844' abstract: - lang: eng text: Mutation rate varies greatly between nucleotide sites of the human genome and depends both on the global genomic location and the local sequence context of a site. In particular, CpG context elevates the mutation rate by an order of magnitude. Mutations also vary widely in their effect on the molecular function, phenotype, and fitness. Independence of the probability of occurrence of a new mutation's effect has been a fundamental premise in genetics. However, highly mutable contexts may be preserved by negative selection at important sites but destroyed by mutation at sites under no selection. Thus, there may be a positive correlation between the rate of mutations at a nucleotide site and the magnitude of their effect on fitness. We studied the impact of CpG context on the rate of human-chimpanzee divergence and on intrahuman nucleotide diversity at non-synonymous coding sites. We compared nucleotides that occupy identical positions within codons of identical amino acids and only differ by being within versus outside CpG context. Nucleotides within CpG context are under a stronger negative selection, as revealed by their lower, proportionally to the mutation rate, rate of evolution and nucleotide diversity. In particular, the probability of fixation of a non-synonymous transition at a CpG site is two times lower than at a CpG site. Thus, sites with different mutation rates are not necessarily selectively equivalent. This suggests that the mutation rate may complement sequence conservation as a characteristic predictive of functional importance of nucleotide sites. acknowledgement: This work was supported in part by NIH grants R01 GM078598 and U54 LM008748. author: - first_name: Steffen full_name: Schmidt, Steffen last_name: Schmidt - first_name: Anna full_name: Gerasimova, Anna last_name: Gerasimova - first_name: Fyodor full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Kondrashov orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694 - first_name: Ivan full_name: Adzuhbei, Ivan A last_name: Adzuhbei - first_name: Alexey full_name: Kondrashov, Alexey S last_name: Kondrashov - first_name: Shamil full_name: Sunyaev, Shamil R last_name: Sunyaev citation: ama: Schmidt S, Gerasimova A, Kondrashov F, Adzuhbei I, Kondrashov A, Sunyaev S. Hypermutable non-synonymous sites are under stronger negative selection. PLoS Genetics. 2008;4(11). doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000281 apa: Schmidt, S., Gerasimova, A., Kondrashov, F., Adzuhbei, I., Kondrashov, A., & Sunyaev, S. (2008). Hypermutable non-synonymous sites are under stronger negative selection. PLoS Genetics. Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000281 chicago: Schmidt, Steffen, Anna Gerasimova, Fyodor Kondrashov, Ivan Adzuhbei, Alexey Kondrashov, and Shamil Sunyaev. “Hypermutable Non-Synonymous Sites Are under Stronger Negative Selection.” PLoS Genetics. Public Library of Science, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000281. ieee: S. Schmidt, A. Gerasimova, F. Kondrashov, I. Adzuhbei, A. Kondrashov, and S. Sunyaev, “Hypermutable non-synonymous sites are under stronger negative selection,” PLoS Genetics, vol. 4, no. 11. Public Library of Science, 2008. ista: Schmidt S, Gerasimova A, Kondrashov F, Adzuhbei I, Kondrashov A, Sunyaev S. 2008. Hypermutable non-synonymous sites are under stronger negative selection. PLoS Genetics. 4(11). mla: Schmidt, Steffen, et al. “Hypermutable Non-Synonymous Sites Are under Stronger Negative Selection.” PLoS Genetics, vol. 4, no. 11, Public Library of Science, 2008, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000281. short: S. Schmidt, A. Gerasimova, F. Kondrashov, I. Adzuhbei, A. Kondrashov, S. Sunyaev, PLoS Genetics 4 (2008). date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:48Z date_published: 2008-11-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:16Z day: '01' doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000281 extern: 1 intvolume: ' 4' issue: '11' license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ month: '11' publication: PLoS Genetics publication_status: published publisher: Public Library of Science publist_id: '6800' quality_controlled: 0 status: public title: Hypermutable non-synonymous sites are under stronger negative selection tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article volume: 4 year: '2008' ... --- _id: '8480' abstract: - lang: eng text: The KIX domain of the transcription co-activator CBP is a three-helix bundle protein that folds via rapid accumulation of an intermediate state, followed by a slower folding phase. Recent NMR relaxation dispersion studies revealed the presence of a low-populated (excited) state of KIX that exists in equilibrium with the natively folded form under non-denaturing conditions, and likely represents the equilibrium analog of the folding intermediate. Here, we combine amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange measurements using rapid NMR data acquisition techniques with backbone 15N and 13C relaxation dispersion experiments to further investigate the equilibrium folding of the KIX domain. Residual structure within the folding intermediate is detected by both methods, and their combination enables reliable quantification of the amount of persistent residual structure. Three well-defined folding subunits are found, which display variable stability and correspond closely to the individual helices in the native state. While two of the three helices (α2 and α3) are partially formed in the folding intermediate (to ∼ 50% and ∼ 80%, respectively, at 20 °C), the third helix is disordered. The observed helical content within the excited state exceeds the helical propensities predicted for the corresponding peptide regions, suggesting that the two helices are weakly mutually stabilized, while methyl 13C relaxation dispersion data indicate that a defined packing arrangement is unlikely. Temperature-dependent experiments reveal that the largest enthalpy and entropy changes along the folding reaction occur during the final transition from the intermediate to the native state. Our experimental data are consistent with a folding mechanism where helices α2 and α3 form rapidly, although to different extents, while helix α1 consolidates only as folding proceeds to complete the native state-structure. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Paul full_name: Schanda, Paul id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425 last_name: Schanda orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606 - first_name: Bernhard full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard last_name: Brutscher - first_name: Robert full_name: Konrat, Robert last_name: Konrat - first_name: Martin full_name: Tollinger, Martin last_name: Tollinger citation: ama: 'Schanda P, Brutscher B, Konrat R, Tollinger M. Folding of the KIX domain: Characterization of the equilibrium analog of a folding intermediate using 15N/13C relaxation dispersion and fast 1H/2H amide exchange NMR spectroscopy. Journal of Molecular Biology. 2008;380(4):726-741. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.05.040' apa: 'Schanda, P., Brutscher, B., Konrat, R., & Tollinger, M. (2008). Folding of the KIX domain: Characterization of the equilibrium analog of a folding intermediate using 15N/13C relaxation dispersion and fast 1H/2H amide exchange NMR spectroscopy. Journal of Molecular Biology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2008.05.040' chicago: 'Schanda, Paul, Bernhard Brutscher, Robert Konrat, and Martin Tollinger. “Folding of the KIX Domain: Characterization of the Equilibrium Analog of a Folding Intermediate Using 15N/13C Relaxation Dispersion and Fast 1H/2H Amide Exchange NMR Spectroscopy.” Journal of Molecular Biology. Elsevier, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2008.05.040.' ieee: 'P. Schanda, B. Brutscher, R. Konrat, and M. Tollinger, “Folding of the KIX domain: Characterization of the equilibrium analog of a folding intermediate using 15N/13C relaxation dispersion and fast 1H/2H amide exchange NMR spectroscopy,” Journal of Molecular Biology, vol. 380, no. 4. Elsevier, pp. 726–741, 2008.' ista: 'Schanda P, Brutscher B, Konrat R, Tollinger M. 2008. Folding of the KIX domain: Characterization of the equilibrium analog of a folding intermediate using 15N/13C relaxation dispersion and fast 1H/2H amide exchange NMR spectroscopy. Journal of Molecular Biology. 380(4), 726–741.' mla: 'Schanda, Paul, et al. “Folding of the KIX Domain: Characterization of the Equilibrium Analog of a Folding Intermediate Using 15N/13C Relaxation Dispersion and Fast 1H/2H Amide Exchange NMR Spectroscopy.” Journal of Molecular Biology, vol. 380, no. 4, Elsevier, 2008, pp. 726–41, doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.05.040.' short: P. Schanda, B. Brutscher, R. Konrat, M. Tollinger, Journal of Molecular Biology 380 (2008) 726–741. date_created: 2020-09-18T10:12:29Z date_published: 2008-07-18T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:34Z day: '18' doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.05.040 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 380' issue: '4' keyword: - Molecular Biology language: - iso: eng month: '07' oa_version: None page: 726-741 publication: Journal of Molecular Biology publication_identifier: issn: - 0022-2836 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: 'Folding of the KIX domain: Characterization of the equilibrium analog of a folding intermediate using 15N/13C relaxation dispersion and fast 1H/2H amide exchange NMR spectroscopy' type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 380 year: '2008' ... --- _id: '8481' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'The copK gene is localized on the pMOL30 plasmid of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 within the complex cop cluster of genes, for which 21 genes have been identified. The expression of the corresponding periplasmic CopK protein is strongly upregulated in the presence of copper, leading to a high periplasmic accumulation. The structure and metal-binding properties of CopK were investigated by NMR and mass spectrometry. The protein is dimeric in the apo state with a dissociation constant in the range of 10- 5 M estimated from analytical ultracentrifugation. Mass spectrometry revealed that CopK has two high-affinity Cu(I)-binding sites per monomer with different Cu(I) affinities. Binding of Cu(II) was observed but appeared to be non-specific. The solution structure of apo-CopK revealed an all-β fold formed of two β-sheets in perpendicular orientation with an unstructured C-terminal tail. The dimer interface is formed by the surface of the C-terminal β-sheet. Binding of the first Cu(I)-ion induces a major structural modification involving dissociation of the dimeric apo-protein. Backbone chemical shifts determined for the 1Cu(I)-bound form confirm the conservation of the N-terminal β-sheet, while the last strand of the C-terminal sheet appears in slow conformational exchange. We hypothesize that the partial disruption of the C-terminal β-sheet is related to dimer dissociation. NH-exchange data acquired on the apo-protein are consistent with a lower thermodynamic stability of the C-terminal sheet. CopK contains seven methionine residues, five of which appear highly conserved. Chemical shift data suggest implication of two or three methionines (Met54, Met38, Met28) in the first Cu(I) site. Addition of a second Cu(I) ion further increases protein plasticity. Comparison of the structural and metal-binding properties of CopK with other periplasmic copper-binding proteins reveals two conserved features within these functionally related proteins: the all-β fold and the methionine-rich Cu(I)-binding site.' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Beate full_name: Bersch, Beate last_name: Bersch - first_name: Adrien full_name: Favier, Adrien last_name: Favier - first_name: Paul full_name: Schanda, Paul id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425 last_name: Schanda orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606 - first_name: Sébastien full_name: van Aelst, Sébastien last_name: van Aelst - first_name: Tatiana full_name: Vallaeys, Tatiana last_name: Vallaeys - first_name: Jacques full_name: Covès, Jacques last_name: Covès - first_name: Max full_name: Mergeay, Max last_name: Mergeay - first_name: Ruddy full_name: Wattiez, Ruddy last_name: Wattiez citation: ama: Bersch B, Favier A, Schanda P, et al. Molecular structure and metal-binding properties of the periplasmic CopK protein expressed in Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 during copper challenge. Journal of Molecular Biology. 2008;380(2):386-403. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.05.017 apa: Bersch, B., Favier, A., Schanda, P., van Aelst, S., Vallaeys, T., Covès, J., … Wattiez, R. (2008). Molecular structure and metal-binding properties of the periplasmic CopK protein expressed in Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 during copper challenge. Journal of Molecular Biology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2008.05.017 chicago: Bersch, Beate, Adrien Favier, Paul Schanda, Sébastien van Aelst, Tatiana Vallaeys, Jacques Covès, Max Mergeay, and Ruddy Wattiez. “Molecular Structure and Metal-Binding Properties of the Periplasmic CopK Protein Expressed in Cupriavidus Metallidurans CH34 during Copper Challenge.” Journal of Molecular Biology. Elsevier, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2008.05.017. ieee: B. Bersch et al., “Molecular structure and metal-binding properties of the periplasmic CopK protein expressed in Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 during copper challenge,” Journal of Molecular Biology, vol. 380, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 386–403, 2008. ista: Bersch B, Favier A, Schanda P, van Aelst S, Vallaeys T, Covès J, Mergeay M, Wattiez R. 2008. Molecular structure and metal-binding properties of the periplasmic CopK protein expressed in Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 during copper challenge. Journal of Molecular Biology. 380(2), 386–403. mla: Bersch, Beate, et al. “Molecular Structure and Metal-Binding Properties of the Periplasmic CopK Protein Expressed in Cupriavidus Metallidurans CH34 during Copper Challenge.” Journal of Molecular Biology, vol. 380, no. 2, Elsevier, 2008, pp. 386–403, doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.05.017. short: B. Bersch, A. Favier, P. Schanda, S. van Aelst, T. Vallaeys, J. Covès, M. Mergeay, R. Wattiez, Journal of Molecular Biology 380 (2008) 386–403. date_created: 2020-09-18T10:12:37Z date_published: 2008-07-04T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:34Z day: '04' doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.05.017 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 380' issue: '2' keyword: - Molecular Biology language: - iso: eng month: '07' oa_version: None page: 386-403 publication: Journal of Molecular Biology publication_identifier: issn: - 0022-2836 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Molecular structure and metal-binding properties of the periplasmic CopK protein expressed in Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 during copper challenge type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 380 year: '2008' ... --- _id: '8482' abstract: - lang: eng text: The SOFAST-HMQC experiment [P. Schanda, B. Brutscher, Very fast two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy for real-time investigation of dynamic events in proteins on the time scale of seconds, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 (2005) 8014–8015] allows recording two-dimensional correlation spectra of macromolecules such as proteins in only a few seconds acquisition time. To achieve the highest possible sensitivity, SOFAST-HMQC experiments are preferably performed on high-field NMR spectrometers equipped with cryogenically cooled probes. The duty cycle of over 80% in fast-pulsing SOFAST-HMQC experiments, however, may cause problems when using a cryogenic probe. Here we introduce SE-IPAP-SOFAST-HMQC, a new pulse sequence that provides comparable sensitivity to standard SOFAST-HMQC, while avoiding heteronuclear decoupling during 1H detection, and thus significantly reducing the radiofrequency load of the probe during the experiment. The experiment is also attractive for fast and sensitive measurement of heteronuclear one-bond spin coupling constants. article_processing_charge: No article_type: letter_note author: - first_name: Thomas full_name: Kern, Thomas last_name: Kern - first_name: Paul full_name: Schanda, Paul id: 7B541462-FAF6-11E9-A490-E8DFE5697425 last_name: Schanda orcid: 0000-0002-9350-7606 - first_name: Bernhard full_name: Brutscher, Bernhard last_name: Brutscher citation: ama: Kern T, Schanda P, Brutscher B. Sensitivity-enhanced IPAP-SOFAST-HMQC for fast-pulsing 2D NMR with reduced radiofrequency load. Journal of Magnetic Resonance. 2008;190(2):333-338. doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2007.11.015 apa: Kern, T., Schanda, P., & Brutscher, B. (2008). Sensitivity-enhanced IPAP-SOFAST-HMQC for fast-pulsing 2D NMR with reduced radiofrequency load. Journal of Magnetic Resonance. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2007.11.015 chicago: Kern, Thomas, Paul Schanda, and Bernhard Brutscher. “Sensitivity-Enhanced IPAP-SOFAST-HMQC for Fast-Pulsing 2D NMR with Reduced Radiofrequency Load.” Journal of Magnetic Resonance. Elsevier, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2007.11.015. ieee: T. Kern, P. Schanda, and B. Brutscher, “Sensitivity-enhanced IPAP-SOFAST-HMQC for fast-pulsing 2D NMR with reduced radiofrequency load,” Journal of Magnetic Resonance, vol. 190, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 333–338, 2008. ista: Kern T, Schanda P, Brutscher B. 2008. Sensitivity-enhanced IPAP-SOFAST-HMQC for fast-pulsing 2D NMR with reduced radiofrequency load. Journal of Magnetic Resonance. 190(2), 333–338. mla: Kern, Thomas, et al. “Sensitivity-Enhanced IPAP-SOFAST-HMQC for Fast-Pulsing 2D NMR with Reduced Radiofrequency Load.” Journal of Magnetic Resonance, vol. 190, no. 2, Elsevier, 2008, pp. 333–38, doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2007.11.015. short: T. Kern, P. Schanda, B. Brutscher, Journal of Magnetic Resonance 190 (2008) 333–338. date_created: 2020-09-18T10:12:46Z date_published: 2008-02-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:35Z day: '01' doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.11.015 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 190' issue: '2' keyword: - Nuclear and High Energy Physics - Biophysics - Biochemistry - Condensed Matter Physics language: - iso: eng month: '02' oa_version: None page: 333-338 publication: Journal of Magnetic Resonance publication_identifier: issn: - 1090-7807 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Sensitivity-enhanced IPAP-SOFAST-HMQC for fast-pulsing 2D NMR with reduced radiofrequency load type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 190 year: '2008' ... --- _id: '8509' abstract: - lang: eng text: The goal of this paper is to present to nonspecialists what is perhaps the simplest possible geometrical picture explaining the mechanism of Arnold diffusion. We choose to speak of a specific model—that of geometric rays in a periodic optical medium. This model is equivalent to that of a particle in a periodic potential in ${\mathbb R}^{n}$ with energy prescribed and to the geodesic flow in a Riemannian metric on ${\mathbb R}^{n} $. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Vadim full_name: Kaloshin, Vadim id: FE553552-CDE8-11E9-B324-C0EBE5697425 last_name: Kaloshin orcid: 0000-0002-6051-2628 - first_name: Mark full_name: Levi, Mark last_name: Levi citation: ama: Kaloshin V, Levi M. Geometry of Arnold diffusion. SIAM Review. 2008;50(4):702-720. doi:10.1137/070703235 apa: Kaloshin, V., & Levi, M. (2008). Geometry of Arnold diffusion. SIAM Review. Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics. https://doi.org/10.1137/070703235 chicago: Kaloshin, Vadim, and Mark Levi. “Geometry of Arnold Diffusion.” SIAM Review. Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1137/070703235. ieee: V. Kaloshin and M. Levi, “Geometry of Arnold diffusion,” SIAM Review, vol. 50, no. 4. Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics, pp. 702–720, 2008. ista: Kaloshin V, Levi M. 2008. Geometry of Arnold diffusion. SIAM Review. 50(4), 702–720. mla: Kaloshin, Vadim, and Mark Levi. “Geometry of Arnold Diffusion.” SIAM Review, vol. 50, no. 4, Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics, 2008, pp. 702–20, doi:10.1137/070703235. short: V. Kaloshin, M. Levi, SIAM Review 50 (2008) 702–720. date_created: 2020-09-18T10:48:12Z date_published: 2008-11-05T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:46Z day: '05' doi: 10.1137/070703235 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 50' issue: '4' keyword: - Theoretical Computer Science - Applied Mathematics - Computational Mathematics language: - iso: eng month: '11' oa_version: None page: 702-720 publication: SIAM Review publication_identifier: issn: - 0036-1445 - 1095-7200 publication_status: published publisher: Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Geometry of Arnold diffusion type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 50 year: '2008' ...