https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at 2000-01-01T00:00+00:00 1 monthly https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/record/19080 Tompkins, Adrian Mike Casallas Garcia, Alejandro ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1988-5035 De Vera, Michie Vianca 2025 We examine mesoscale convective organisation in the tropical western Pacific using a multivariate analysis of column humidity, precipitation and sea surface temperature (SST) observations. We demonstrate that in boreal summer and autumn, convection remains spatially random despite radiative-feedbacks acting to aggregate convection, which we attribute to the high density of convective moisture sources and the role of wind shear. Instead, in winter and spring, a weak meridional SST gradient exists and convection is usually clustered over the regions of warmer SSTs, with significant meridional humidity gradients. However, this is sporadically interrupted by episodes of convection migration to the coldest SSTs and limited spatial humidity variance. These episodes are the result of westward propagating equatorial waves, which remove meridional humidity gradients. It appears that the drivers of mesoscale convective clustering and humidity variability in the Pacific warm pool are the SST gradients, shear, and equatorial wave dynamics. https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/record/19080 https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/download/19080/19081 https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/download/19080/19082 eng Springer Nature info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/s41612-024-00848-2 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/e-issn/2397-3722 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Tompkins AM, Casallas Garcia A, De Vera MV. Drivers of mesoscale convective aggregation and spatial humidity variability in the tropical western Pacific. <i>npj Climate and Atmospheric Science</i>. 2025;8. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00848-2">10.1038/s41612-024-00848-2</a> ddc:550 Drivers of mesoscale convective aggregation and spatial humidity variability in the tropical western Pacific info:eu-repo/semantics/article doc-type:article text http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/record/9402 Schmid, Laura ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6978-7329 Chatterjee, Krishnendu ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4561-241X Hilbe, Christian ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5116-955X Nowak, Martin A. 2021 Direct and indirect reciprocity are key mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation. Direct reciprocity means that individuals use their own experience to decide whether to cooperate with another person. Indirect reciprocity means that they also consider the experiences of others. Although these two mechanisms are intertwined, they are typically studied in isolation. Here, we introduce a mathematical framework that allows us to explore both kinds of reciprocity simultaneously. We show that the well-known ‘generous tit-for-tat’ strategy of direct reciprocity has a natural analogue in indirect reciprocity, which we call ‘generous scoring’. Using an equilibrium analysis, we characterize under which conditions either of the two strategies can maintain cooperation. With simulations, we additionally explore which kind of reciprocity evolves when members of a population engage in social learning to adapt to their environment. Our results draw unexpected connections between direct and indirect reciprocity while highlighting important differences regarding their evolvability. https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/record/9402 https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/download/9402/14496 eng Springer Nature info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/s41562-021-01114-8 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/e-issn/2397-3374 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000650304000002 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/33986519 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Schmid L, Chatterjee K, Hilbe C, Nowak MA. A unified framework of direct and indirect reciprocity. <i>Nature Human Behaviour</i>. 2021;5(10):1292–1302. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01114-8">10.1038/s41562-021-01114-8</a> ddc:000 A unified framework of direct and indirect reciprocity info:eu-repo/semantics/article doc-type:article text http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1