https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at
2000-01-01T00:00+00:001monthlyWildfires impact on PM2.5 concentration in galicia Spain
https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/record/17396
Quishpe-Vásquez, CésarOliva, PatriciaLópez-Barrera, Ellie AnneCasallas Garcia, Alejandro2024Wildfire intensity and severity have been increasing in the Iberian Peninsula in recent years, particularly in the Galicia region, due to rising temperatures and accumulating drier combustible vegetation in unmanaged lands. This leads to substantial emissions of air pollutants, notably fine particles (PM2.5), posing a risk to public health. This study aims to assess the impact of local and regional wildfires on PM2.5 levels in Galicia's main cities and their implications for air quality and public health. Over a decade (2013–2022), PM2.5 data during wildfire seasons were analyzed using statistical methods and Lagrangian tracking to monitor smoke plume evolution. The results reveal a notable increase in PM2.5 concentration during the wildfire season (June–November) in Galicia, surpassing health guidelines during extreme events and posing a significant health risk to the population. Regional wildfire analyses indicate that smoke plumes from Northern Portugal contribute to pollution in Galician cities, influencing the seasonality of heightened PM2.5 levels. During extensive wildfires, elevated PM2.5 concentration values persisted for several days, potentially exacerbating health concerns in Galicia. These findings underscore the urgency of implementing air pollution prevention and management measures in the region, including developing effective alerts for large-scale events and improved wildfire management strategies to mitigate their impact on air quality in Galician cities.https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/record/17396https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/download/17396/17405https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/download/17396/17406engElsevierinfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122093info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0301-4797info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/39106804info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/101034413https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessQuishpe-Vásquez C, Oliva P, López-Barrera EA, Casallas Garcia A. Wildfires impact on PM2.5 concentration in galicia Spain. <i>Journal of Environmental Management</i>. 2024;367. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122093">10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122093</a>ddc:550Wildfires impact on PM2.5 concentration in galicia Spaininfo:eu-repo/semantics/articledoc-type:articletexthttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501A unified framework of direct and indirect reciprocity
https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/record/9402
Schmid, LauraChatterjee, KrishnenduHilbe, ChristianNowak, Martin A.2021Direct and indirect reciprocity are key mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation. Direct reciprocity means that individuals use their own experience to decide whether to cooperate with another person. Indirect reciprocity means that they also consider the experiences of others. Although these two mechanisms are intertwined, they are typically studied in isolation. Here, we introduce a mathematical framework that allows us to explore both kinds of reciprocity simultaneously. We show that the well-known ‘generous tit-for-tat’ strategy of direct reciprocity has a natural analogue in indirect reciprocity, which we call ‘generous scoring’. Using an equilibrium analysis, we characterize under which conditions either of the two strategies can maintain cooperation. With simulations, we additionally explore which kind of reciprocity evolves when members of a population engage in social learning to adapt to their environment. Our results draw unexpected connections between direct and indirect reciprocity while highlighting important differences regarding their evolvability.https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/record/9402https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/download/9402/14496engSpringer Natureinfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/s41562-021-01114-8info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2397-3374info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000650304000002info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/33986519info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/863818info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/279307info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSchmid L, Chatterjee K, Hilbe C, Nowak MA. A unified framework of direct and indirect reciprocity. <i>Nature Human Behaviour</i>. 2021;5(10):1292–1302. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01114-8">10.1038/s41562-021-01114-8</a>ddc:000A unified framework of direct and indirect reciprocityinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articledoc-type:articletexthttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501