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2000-01-01T00:00+00:001weeklyEffect of ion irradiation on superconducting thin films
https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/record/17235
Kohopää, KatjaRonzani, AlbertoJabdaraghi, Robab NajafiBera, ArijitRibeiro, MárioHazra, DibyenduSenior, Jorden LPrunnila, MikaGovenius, JoonasLehtinen, Janne S.Kemppinen, Antti2024We demonstrate ion irradiation by argon or gallium as a wafer-scale post-processing method to increase disorder in superconducting thin films. We study several widely used superconductors, both single-elements and compounds. We show that ion irradiation increases normal-state resistivity in all our films, which is expected to enable tuning their superconducting properties, for example, toward a higher kinetic inductance. We observe an increase in superconducting transition temperature for Al and MoSi and a decrease for Nb, NbN, and TiN. In MoSi, ion irradiation also improves the mixing of the two materials. We demonstrate the fabrication of an amorphous and homogeneous film of MoSi with uniform thickness, which is promising, for example, for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors.https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/record/17235https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/download/17235/17244engAIP Publishinginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1063/5.0202851info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2166-532Xinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/754411info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessKohopää K, Ronzani A, Jabdaraghi RN, et al. Effect of ion irradiation on superconducting thin films. <i>APL Materials</i>. 2024;12(7). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0202851">10.1063/5.0202851</a>ddc:530Effect of ion irradiation on superconducting thin filmsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articledoc-type:articletexthttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501A unified framework of direct and indirect reciprocity
https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/record/9402
Schmid, LauraChatterjee, KrishnenduHilbe, ChristianNowak, Martin A.2021Direct and indirect reciprocity are key mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation. Direct reciprocity means that individuals use their own experience to decide whether to cooperate with another person. Indirect reciprocity means that they also consider the experiences of others. Although these two mechanisms are intertwined, they are typically studied in isolation. Here, we introduce a mathematical framework that allows us to explore both kinds of reciprocity simultaneously. We show that the well-known ‘generous tit-for-tat’ strategy of direct reciprocity has a natural analogue in indirect reciprocity, which we call ‘generous scoring’. Using an equilibrium analysis, we characterize under which conditions either of the two strategies can maintain cooperation. With simulations, we additionally explore which kind of reciprocity evolves when members of a population engage in social learning to adapt to their environment. Our results draw unexpected connections between direct and indirect reciprocity while highlighting important differences regarding their evolvability.https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/record/9402https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/download/9402/14496engSpringer Natureinfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/s41562-021-01114-8info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2397-3374info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/000650304000002info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/33986519info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/863818info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/279307info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSchmid L, Chatterjee K, Hilbe C, Nowak MA. A unified framework of direct and indirect reciprocity. <i>Nature Human Behaviour</i>. 2021;5(10):1292–1302. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01114-8">10.1038/s41562-021-01114-8</a>ddc:000A unified framework of direct and indirect reciprocityinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articledoc-type:articletexthttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501