---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21995'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: On 26–28 September 2024, torrential rainfall struck Nepal during the late
monsoon season, causing flooding, landslides and extensive damage. This study
examined the multiscale processes contributing to this extreme precipitation event,
focusing on intraseasonal oscillations, synoptic-scale circulations, and mesoscale
cloud/precipitation systems. A quasi-biweekly intraseasonal oscillation dominated
over South Asia during the event, featuring a monsoon low-pressure system over
the Indian Peninsula and an anticyclone to its east, both propagating westward.
The pressure gradient between them sustained strong southerly moisture transport
toward the Himalayas, establishing a persistently humid environment and orographic
lift along the southern slopes. In contrast to reports of previous extreme precipitation
events in Nepal, the atmospheric circulation responsible for the 2024 event was
primarily of tropical origin, with minimal influence from the midlatitudes. Characteristic
mesoscale cloud/precipitation systems also developed around the Himalayas. The
highest daily precipitation during the event was recorded on 27 September; stratiform
systems with relatively modest storm top heights developed over the southern slopes,
generating surface precipitation rates of > 100 mm h− 1 through warm-rain processes.
Rain gauges across the glacierized basin (3500–5000 m asl) recorded exceptionally
high daily and hourly precipitation rates, highlighting the extension of intense
rainfall to unusually high elevations.
acknowledgement: 'This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of
Science (JSPS) (KAKENHI Grants: 22H00176, 22H00033, 22H00037, and 23KK0064). It
was partly supported by the 4th Research Announcement on the Earth Observations
of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). It was partly carried out under
the joint research program of Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research,
Nagoya University and as a joint research program with the Center for Environmental
Remote Sensing (CEReS), Chiba University (CJ25-43, 2025). We thank James Buxton
MSc and Tina Tin PhD from Edanz (https://jp.edanz.com/ac), for editing a draft of
this manuscript. The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) supports
this work (KAKENHI Grants: 22H00176, 22H00033, 22H00037, and 23KK0064).'
article_number: '27'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Hatsuki
full_name: Fujinami, Hatsuki
last_name: Fujinami
- first_name: Nobuhiro
full_name: Takahashi, Nobuhiro
last_name: Takahashi
- first_name: Hironari
full_name: Kanamori, Hironari
last_name: Kanamori
- first_name: Yota
full_name: Sato, Yota
id: daa9e17a-f2c2-11ef-b968-915e836dea45
last_name: Sato
- first_name: Sojiro
full_name: Sunako, Sojiro
last_name: Sunako
- first_name: Masaya
full_name: Kato, Masaya
last_name: Kato
- first_name: Atsushi
full_name: Higuchi, Atsushi
last_name: Higuchi
- first_name: Indira
full_name: Kadel, Indira
last_name: Kadel
- first_name: Dibas
full_name: Shrestha, Dibas
last_name: Shrestha
- first_name: Rijan B.
full_name: Kayastha, Rijan B.
last_name: Kayastha
- first_name: Koji
full_name: Fujita, Koji
last_name: Fujita
citation:
ama: Fujinami H, Takahashi N, Kanamori H, et al. Multiscale aspects of an extreme
precipitation event over Nepal in September 2024. Scientific Online Letters
on the Atmosphere. 2026;22. doi:10.1007/s44393-026-00024-0
apa: Fujinami, H., Takahashi, N., Kanamori, H., Sato, Y., Sunako, S., Kato, M.,
… Fujita, K. (2026). Multiscale aspects of an extreme precipitation event over
Nepal in September 2024. Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere. Springer
Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44393-026-00024-0
chicago: Fujinami, Hatsuki, Nobuhiro Takahashi, Hironari Kanamori, Yota Sato, Sojiro
Sunako, Masaya Kato, Atsushi Higuchi, et al. “Multiscale Aspects of an Extreme
Precipitation Event over Nepal in September 2024.” Scientific Online Letters
on the Atmosphere. Springer Nature, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44393-026-00024-0.
ieee: H. Fujinami et al., “Multiscale aspects of an extreme precipitation
event over Nepal in September 2024,” Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere,
vol. 22. Springer Nature, 2026.
ista: Fujinami H, Takahashi N, Kanamori H, Sato Y, Sunako S, Kato M, Higuchi A,
Kadel I, Shrestha D, Kayastha RB, Fujita K. 2026. Multiscale aspects of an extreme
precipitation event over Nepal in September 2024. Scientific Online Letters on
the Atmosphere. 22, 27.
mla: Fujinami, Hatsuki, et al. “Multiscale Aspects of an Extreme Precipitation Event
over Nepal in September 2024.” Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere,
vol. 22, 27, Springer Nature, 2026, doi:10.1007/s44393-026-00024-0.
short: H. Fujinami, N. Takahashi, H. Kanamori, Y. Sato, S. Sunako, M. Kato, A. Higuchi,
I. Kadel, D. Shrestha, R.B. Kayastha, K. Fujita, Scientific Online Letters on
the Atmosphere 22 (2026).
dataavailabilitystatement: Daily rainfall data across Nepal were obtained from the
Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Kathmandu, Nepal (https://dhm.gov.np/).
Precipitation data from Pyramid observatory are available from [https://glacioclim.osug.fr/Donnees-du-Nepal-region-du-Khumbu](https:/glacioclim.osug.fr/Donnees-du-Nepal-region-du-Khumbu)
. Precipitation data from rain gauges in Rolwaling valley are available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18081206.
NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center provided daily OLR data ( [https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.cpc\_blended\_olr-2.5
deg.html](https:/psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.cpc_blended_olr-2.5 deg.html) ).
We used infrared brightness temperature data from MSG2 (Meteosat 9)-IODC. The Center
for Environmental Remote Sensing (CEReS), Chiba University, archived and provided
the data (https://ceres.chiba-u.jp/en/ top-eng/). The GPM DPR products are available
from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) G-Portal website ( [https://gportal.jaxa.jp/gpr/](https:/gportal.jaxa.jp/gpr)
). The ERA5 data are available from the Copernicus climate-change service (C3S)
climate data store (https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.bd0915c6). GMTED2010 data are available
from the US Geological Survey (https://topotools.cr.usgs.gov/gmted\_viewer/viewer.htm).
date_created: 2026-06-14T22:01:42Z
date_published: 2026-06-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-06-22T11:26:52Z
day: '04'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.1007/s44393-026-00024-0
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 19a217b038756abf44bc49939a01e33c
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-06-22T07:21:04Z
date_updated: 2026-06-22T07:21:04Z
file_id: '22109'
file_name: 2026_SOLA_Fujinami.pdf
file_size: 13308662
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-06-22T07:21:04Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 22'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
publication: Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1349-6476
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Multiscale aspects of an extreme precipitation event over Nepal in September
2024
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 22
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '21406'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'This preliminary study investigates the trace-element composition of ostracod
shells (Ostracoda: Crustacea) as biogenic calcium carbonates in their role as
environmental sentinels of pollution. Using high-resolution in-situ analysis,
we compared two contrasting coastal systems: the highly urbanized seascape of
metropolitan megacity Hong Kong (HKSAR) and the agriculturally dominated waters
of rural retreat Jeju Island, Republic of Korea (ROK). The goal was to assess
whether anthropogenic stress gradients affect trace element-to‑calcium ratios
(E/Ca) in the carapaces of shallow-marine Neonesidea Maddocks, 1969 species. Hereby,
the focus is laid on potential differences in the effects of extreme urbanization
and extreme agriculturalization. We analyzed 12 trace elements commonly incorporated
into ostracod shells using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Only Mn/Ca, Mg/Ca, and Ni/Ca ratios showed strong correlations with specific seawater
physicochemical parameters. Notably, Mn/Ca differed significantly between the
two sites, seemingly driven mainly by variations in nitrite nitrogen levels. This
suggests that Mn incorporation is sensitive to pollution source, urban versus
agricultural, though species-specific uptake effects cannot be excluded. No significant
differences in elemental uptake were found between adult and A-1 juvenile stages
of Neonesidea mutsuensis Ishizaki, 1961 or Neonesidea elegans (Brady, 1969), supporting
the use of both age groups in environmental reconstructions and increasing potential
sample yields. While remaining empirical and exploratory, our tentative findings
suggest that ostracod geochemistry holds promise for marine pollution monitoring
and cautiously supports the application of ostracod Mn/Ca ratios to reconstruct
anthropogenic, particularly nitrogen-related, impacts in nearshore environments
using sediment core records.'
acknowledgement: 'We thank the KIOST staff of the Jeju Marine Research Center for
assisting sample collection, the research assistants and students of the Yoon Idea
Lab led by Prof. Dr. Tae-Hyun Yoon at Hanyang University for facilitating and assisting
in ICP-MS test runs involved in a pilot study preceding this study, Ms. Garance
Perrois and Mr. Léonard Pons for assistance with statistics-related questions, and
the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. The study
described in this article was partially supported by grants from the Brain Pool
Program through NRF funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (reference code: 2019H1D3A1A01070922
to ABJ), by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (grant number RS-2024-00406249
to TK), by the Korea Institute of Marine Science and Technology (KIMST), funded
by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (grant number RS-2025-02304432 to TK), and
by the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (PEA0404 to TK).'
article_number: '119493'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Anna B.
full_name: Jöst, Anna B.
last_name: Jöst
- first_name: Maximiliano J
full_name: Rodriguez Moreno, Maximiliano J
id: 59bea3b2-8c82-11ef-a41a-af7b0efd9065
last_name: Rodriguez Moreno
- first_name: Taihun
full_name: Kim, Taihun
last_name: Kim
- first_name: David M.
full_name: Baker, David M.
last_name: Baker
- first_name: Moriaki
full_name: Yasuhara, Moriaki
last_name: Yasuhara
- first_name: Christelle A.
full_name: Not, Christelle A.
last_name: Not
- first_name: Ivana
full_name: Karanovic, Ivana
last_name: Karanovic
citation:
ama: Jöst AB, Rodriguez Moreno MJ, Kim T, et al. Ostracod shell chemistry as proxy
for coastal marine conditions of a highly urbanized megacity (Hong Kong SAR) and
an agro-centric oceanic province (Jeju Island, Republic of Korea) – a preliminary
comparative analysis. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2026;227(6). doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119493
apa: Jöst, A. B., Rodriguez Moreno, M. J., Kim, T., Baker, D. M., Yasuhara, M.,
Not, C. A., & Karanovic, I. (2026). Ostracod shell chemistry as proxy for
coastal marine conditions of a highly urbanized megacity (Hong Kong SAR) and an
agro-centric oceanic province (Jeju Island, Republic of Korea) – a preliminary
comparative analysis. Marine Pollution Bulletin. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119493
chicago: Jöst, Anna B., Maximiliano J Rodriguez Moreno, Taihun Kim, David M. Baker,
Moriaki Yasuhara, Christelle A. Not, and Ivana Karanovic. “Ostracod Shell Chemistry
as Proxy for Coastal Marine Conditions of a Highly Urbanized Megacity (Hong Kong
SAR) and an Agro-Centric Oceanic Province (Jeju Island, Republic of Korea) – a
Preliminary Comparative Analysis.” Marine Pollution Bulletin. Elsevier,
2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119493.
ieee: A. B. Jöst et al., “Ostracod shell chemistry as proxy for coastal marine
conditions of a highly urbanized megacity (Hong Kong SAR) and an agro-centric
oceanic province (Jeju Island, Republic of Korea) – a preliminary comparative
analysis,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 227, no. 6. Elsevier, 2026.
ista: Jöst AB, Rodriguez Moreno MJ, Kim T, Baker DM, Yasuhara M, Not CA, Karanovic
I. 2026. Ostracod shell chemistry as proxy for coastal marine conditions of a
highly urbanized megacity (Hong Kong SAR) and an agro-centric oceanic province
(Jeju Island, Republic of Korea) – a preliminary comparative analysis. Marine
Pollution Bulletin. 227(6), 119493.
mla: Jöst, Anna B., et al. “Ostracod Shell Chemistry as Proxy for Coastal Marine
Conditions of a Highly Urbanized Megacity (Hong Kong SAR) and an Agro-Centric
Oceanic Province (Jeju Island, Republic of Korea) – a Preliminary Comparative
Analysis.” Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 227, no. 6, 119493, Elsevier,
2026, doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119493.
short: A.B. Jöst, M.J. Rodriguez Moreno, T. Kim, D.M. Baker, M. Yasuhara, C.A. Not,
I. Karanovic, Marine Pollution Bulletin 227 (2026).
date_created: 2026-03-08T23:01:44Z
date_published: 2026-03-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-03-09T10:19:45Z
day: '02'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119493
external_id:
pmid:
- '41774948'
intvolume: ' 227'
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
pmid: 1
publication: Marine Pollution Bulletin
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1879-3363
issn:
- 002-5326X
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Ostracod shell chemistry as proxy for coastal marine conditions of a highly
urbanized megacity (Hong Kong SAR) and an agro-centric oceanic province (Jeju Island,
Republic of Korea) – a preliminary comparative analysis
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 227
year: '2026'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21454'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: This study examines the distribution, growth, and GLOF hazard of glacial lakes
across major Himalayan river basins. Basin-wise GLOF susceptibility was assessed
using glacial lake abundance, spatial distribution, and rates of lake area expansion.
The Kosi, Yarlung Zangbo, Manas, and Upper Indus basins were identified as the
most susceptible and classified as critical. The highest rates of lake size increase
were observed in the Kosi Basin, followed by Yarlung Zangbo, Manas, Karnali, Upper
Indus, and Tista, indicating their potential as future GLOF-prone regions. Moreover,
a Himalayan-scale GLOF hazard map was generated integrating population, hydropower
infrastructure, potential flood volume, roads, settlements, and railways revealing
high hazard levels in the Chenab, Jhelum, Teesta, and Beas basins in India; the
Koshi, Tama-Koshi, and Dudh-Koshi basins in Nepal; and the Kuri Chu sub-basin
of the Manas Basin in Bhutan. These findings highlight priority regions where
detailed field investigations and hydrodynamic modelling are essential before
further infrastructure development.
acknowledgement: The work is partially financed by USDMA and WIHG, Dehradun. The authors
would like to express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Ashim Sattar for his valuable
insights, constructive suggestions, and contributions toward refining and improving
the quality of this work. I want to give my special thanks to Mr. Sourav Anand and
Mr. Shivyank Negi for helping me create the database. I would also like to thank
IIT Kharagpur. For further data access, the corresponding authors can be contacted.
article_number: '2639085'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Litan
full_name: Mohanty, Litan
last_name: Mohanty
- first_name: Prateek
full_name: Gantayat, Prateek
id: 02734268-3e8d-11ef-80a1-cec4a088d004
last_name: Gantayat
citation:
ama: Mohanty L, GANTAYAT P. Comprehensive assessment of Himalayan glacial lakes
concerning their distribution, dynamics, and hazard potential. Geomatics Natural
Hazards and Risk. 2026;17(1). doi:10.1080/19475705.2026.2639085
apa: Mohanty, L., & GANTAYAT, P. (2026). Comprehensive assessment of Himalayan
glacial lakes concerning their distribution, dynamics, and hazard potential. Geomatics
Natural Hazards and Risk. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2026.2639085
chicago: Mohanty, Litan, and PRATEEK GANTAYAT. “Comprehensive Assessment of Himalayan
Glacial Lakes Concerning Their Distribution, Dynamics, and Hazard Potential.”
Geomatics Natural Hazards and Risk. Taylor & Francis, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2026.2639085.
ieee: L. Mohanty and P. GANTAYAT, “Comprehensive assessment of Himalayan glacial
lakes concerning their distribution, dynamics, and hazard potential,” Geomatics
Natural Hazards and Risk, vol. 17, no. 1. Taylor & Francis, 2026.
ista: Mohanty L, GANTAYAT P. 2026. Comprehensive assessment of Himalayan glacial
lakes concerning their distribution, dynamics, and hazard potential. Geomatics
Natural Hazards and Risk. 17(1), 2639085.
mla: Mohanty, Litan, and PRATEEK GANTAYAT. “Comprehensive Assessment of Himalayan
Glacial Lakes Concerning Their Distribution, Dynamics, and Hazard Potential.”
Geomatics Natural Hazards and Risk, vol. 17, no. 1, 2639085, Taylor &
Francis, 2026, doi:10.1080/19475705.2026.2639085.
short: L. Mohanty, P. GANTAYAT, Geomatics Natural Hazards and Risk 17 (2026).
date_created: 2026-03-15T23:01:36Z
date_published: 2026-03-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-03-16T10:21:38Z
day: '04'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.1080/19475705.2026.2639085
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 78f7a3020bf5966e820340a711ea3a6b
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-03-16T10:18:26Z
date_updated: 2026-03-16T10:18:26Z
file_id: '21458'
file_name: 2026_Geomatics_Mohanty.pdf
file_size: 10548823
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file_date_updated: 2026-03-16T10:18:26Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 17'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Geomatics Natural Hazards and Risk
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1947-5713
issn:
- 1947-5705
publication_status: published
publisher: Taylor & Francis
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Comprehensive assessment of Himalayan glacial lakes concerning their distribution,
dynamics, and hazard potential
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 17
year: '2026'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '21708'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: On October 4, 2023, a proglacial lake named the South Lhonak lake was the
source of a catastrophic Glacier Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) in the Teesta river
basin area, resulting in 24 fatalities and leaving over 70 persons missing. The
GLOF also destroyed 13 bridges and a major hydropower plant in the Chungthang
region. Over 60,000 individuals in four districts of Sikkim were impacted by this
GLOF event. This study examines the factors that led to the GLOF event. Our study
shows that the cause of this GLOF was initiated by a landslide, that dumped a
substantial amount (~ 38.31 million m3) of debris into the South Lhonak Lake.
Furthermore, the glacier that was connected to the lake, lost a big chunk of ice
mass (~ 7 million m3) due to calving. The combination of these two processes led
to the collapse of the left lateral moraine that consequently generated flood
waves which breached the terminal moraine dam of the lake. We recommend monitoring
land subsidence and calving events for large proglacial lakes to prevent the disastrous
consequences of such GLOFs in the future.
acknowledgement: This work was carried out independently without the support of any
funding agency or sponsors. The authors thank the SARPROZ team for providing an
evaluation license for the MTInSAR processing software.
article_number: '9741'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Litan Kumar
full_name: Mohanty, Litan Kumar
last_name: Mohanty
- first_name: Prateek
full_name: Gantayat, Prateek
id: 02734268-3e8d-11ef-80a1-cec4a088d004
last_name: Gantayat
- first_name: Ankur
full_name: Dixit, Ankur
last_name: Dixit
- first_name: Manik
full_name: Das Adhikari, Manik
last_name: Das Adhikari
- first_name: Rahul
full_name: Biswas, Rahul
last_name: Biswas
- first_name: Vivek Kumar
full_name: Singh, Vivek Kumar
last_name: Singh
citation:
ama: Mohanty LK, GANTAYAT P, Dixit A, Das Adhikari M, Biswas R, Singh VK. Sequence
of events that led to the South Lhonak lake outburst flood in Sikkim, India. Scientific
Reports. 2026;16. doi:10.1038/s41598-026-35895-7
apa: Mohanty, L. K., GANTAYAT, P., Dixit, A., Das Adhikari, M., Biswas, R., &
Singh, V. K. (2026). Sequence of events that led to the South Lhonak lake outburst
flood in Sikkim, India. Scientific Reports. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35895-7
chicago: Mohanty, Litan Kumar, PRATEEK GANTAYAT, Ankur Dixit, Manik Das Adhikari,
Rahul Biswas, and Vivek Kumar Singh. “Sequence of Events That Led to the South
Lhonak Lake Outburst Flood in Sikkim, India.” Scientific Reports. Springer
Nature, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35895-7.
ieee: L. K. Mohanty, P. GANTAYAT, A. Dixit, M. Das Adhikari, R. Biswas, and V. K.
Singh, “Sequence of events that led to the South Lhonak lake outburst flood in
Sikkim, India,” Scientific Reports, vol. 16. Springer Nature, 2026.
ista: Mohanty LK, GANTAYAT P, Dixit A, Das Adhikari M, Biswas R, Singh VK. 2026.
Sequence of events that led to the South Lhonak lake outburst flood in Sikkim,
India. Scientific Reports. 16, 9741.
mla: Mohanty, Litan Kumar, et al. “Sequence of Events That Led to the South Lhonak
Lake Outburst Flood in Sikkim, India.” Scientific Reports, vol. 16, 9741,
Springer Nature, 2026, doi:10.1038/s41598-026-35895-7.
short: L.K. Mohanty, P. GANTAYAT, A. Dixit, M. Das Adhikari, R. Biswas, V.K. Singh,
Scientific Reports 16 (2026).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-04-12T22:01:48Z
date_published: 2026-03-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-05-04T07:54:53Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-35895-7
external_id:
pmid:
- '41876546'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: cf13f61c38609ce6518d74562319c35f
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-05-04T07:24:59Z
date_updated: 2026-05-04T07:24:59Z
file_id: '21785'
file_name: 2026_ScienceAdv_Mohanty.pdf
file_size: 17406006
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-05-04T07:24:59Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 16'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: Scientific Reports
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2045-2322
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Sequence of events that led to the South Lhonak lake outburst flood in Sikkim,
India
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 16
year: '2026'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21837'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'In a warming world of glacier changes, the scientific community has dedicated
increasing attention to debris-covered glaciers and their response to climate.
A variety of models with distinct complexity and data requirements have been developed
and widely used to simulate melt under debris at different sites and scales, but
their skills have never been compared. As part of the activities of the International
Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS) Debris Covered Glacier Working Group,
we present an intercomparison exercise aimed at advancing our understanding of
model skills in simulating ice melt under a debris layer. We compare 15 models
with different complexity at nine sites in the European Alps, Caucasus, Chilean
Andes, Nepalese Himalaya and the Southern Alps of New Zealand, over one melt season.
We run the models with measured meteorological data from automatic weather stations
and estimated or measured debris properties. We consider four main model categories:
(i) energy balance models that calculate melt by solving the physics of heat transfer
to the debris layer, but require a high amount of input data; (ii) a simplified
energy balance model; (iii) enhanced temperature-index models; and (iv) simple
empirical temperature-index models that have been extensively used given their
low data requirement but require calibration of their empirical parameters. Model
performance is evaluated using on-site measurements of sub-debris melt (for all
models) and surface temperature (for models based on the surface energy balance).
Our results show that physically-based energy balance models and empirical temperature-index
models perform in a distinct manner. At one end of the spectrum, simple temperature-index
models are accurate when recalibrated or when using site-specific literature parameters,
and show poor results when parameters are uncalibrated. At the other end, energy
balance models show a range of performance: the most accurate energy balance models
are those with the highest degree of complexity at the atmosphere-debris interface.
An important data gap emerged from our experiment: the poor performance of all
models at three sites was related to the poor knowledge of debris properties,
and specifically of thermal conductivity. Future work should focus on both: (i) consistent
data acquisition to evaluate existing models and support new model developments;
(ii) advancing models by accounting for processes such as debris-snow interactions,
moisture in the debris and refreezing. We suggest that a systematic effort of
model development using a common model framework could be carried out in phase
II of the Working Group.'
acknowledgement: "This project has received funding from the European Research Council
(ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
grant agreement No\r\n772751, RAVEN, “Rapid mass losses of debris covered glaciers
in\r\nHigh Mountain Asia”. It was also supported by the SNSF RENOIR\r\nproject “Resolving
the thickness of debris on Earth’s glaciers and\r\nits rate of change (RENOIR)”,
project number 204322.\r\nDavid Rounce received support from NASA-ROSES program\r\ngrants
NNX17AB27G and 80NSSC17K0566. Walter Immerzeel\r\nand Jakob Steiner acknowledge
support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon
2020\r\nresearch and innovation program (grant agreement no. 676819).\r\nBen Brock
acknowledges support from the EU/FP7 ACQWA\r\n(Assessing Climate impacts on the
Quantity and quality of WAter) project, NERC grant NE/C514282/1, the British Council-Italian\r\nMinistry
of University and Research Partnership programme and\r\nthe Carnegie Trust for the
Universities of Scotland.\r\nThe authors acknowledge the International Association
of\r\nCryospheric Sciences (IACS) for supporting the creation of the\r\nDebris-Covered
Glaciers Working Group (DCG-WG) which enabled this model intercomparison experiment.\r\nThe
authors thank Martin Heynen for producing Figs. 3 and 4.\r\nThe authors thank Duncan
Quincey and Richard Essery for their\r\nconstructive feedback and comments.\r\n"
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Francesca
full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
last_name: Pellicciotti
orcid: 0000-0002-5554-8087
- first_name: Adrià
full_name: Fontrodona-Bach, Adrià
id: f06891fd-9f42-11ee-8632-a20971c43046
last_name: Fontrodona-Bach
- first_name: David R.
full_name: Rounce, David R.
last_name: Rounce
- first_name: Catriona Louise
full_name: Fyffe, Catriona Louise
id: 001b0422-8d15-11ed-bc51-cab6c037a228
last_name: Fyffe
- first_name: Leif S.
full_name: Anderson, Leif S.
last_name: Anderson
- first_name: Álvaro
full_name: Ayala, Álvaro
last_name: Ayala
- first_name: Ben W.
full_name: Brock, Ben W.
last_name: Brock
- first_name: Pascal
full_name: Buri, Pascal
last_name: Buri
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Fugger, Stefan
last_name: Fugger
- first_name: Koji
full_name: Fujita, Koji
last_name: Fujita
- first_name: PRATEEK
full_name: GANTAYAT, PRATEEK
id: 02734268-3e8d-11ef-80a1-cec4a088d004
last_name: GANTAYAT
- first_name: Alexander R.
full_name: Groos, Alexander R.
last_name: Groos
- first_name: Walter
full_name: Immerzeel, Walter
last_name: Immerzeel
- first_name: Marin
full_name: Kneib, Marin
last_name: Kneib
- first_name: Christoph
full_name: Mayer, Christoph
last_name: Mayer
- first_name: Shelley
full_name: MacDonell, Shelley
last_name: MacDonell
- first_name: Michael
full_name: McCarthy, Michael
id: 22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f
last_name: McCarthy
- first_name: James
full_name: McPhee, James
last_name: McPhee
- first_name: Evan
full_name: Miles, Evan
last_name: Miles
- first_name: Heather
full_name: Purdie, Heather
last_name: Purdie
- first_name: Ekaterina
full_name: Rets, Ekaterina
last_name: Rets
- first_name: Akiko
full_name: Sakai, Akiko
last_name: Sakai
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Shaw, Thomas
id: 3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e
last_name: Shaw
orcid: 0000-0001-7640-6152
- first_name: Jakob
full_name: Steiner, Jakob
last_name: Steiner
- first_name: Patrick
full_name: Wagnon, Patrick
last_name: Wagnon
- first_name: Alex
full_name: Winter-Billington, Alex
last_name: Winter-Billington
citation:
ama: 'Pellicciotti F, Fontrodona-Bach A, Rounce DR, et al. DCG-MIP: The debris-covered
glacier melt model intercomparison experiment. The Cryosphere. 2026;20(3):1895-1928.
doi:10.5194/tc-20-1895-2026'
apa: 'Pellicciotti, F., Fontrodona-Bach, A., Rounce, D. R., Fyffe, C. L., Anderson,
L. S., Ayala, Á., … Winter-Billington, A. (2026). DCG-MIP: The debris-covered
glacier melt model intercomparison experiment. The Cryosphere. Copernicus
Publications. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1895-2026'
chicago: 'Pellicciotti, Francesca, Adrià Fontrodona-Bach, David R. Rounce, Catriona
Louise Fyffe, Leif S. Anderson, Álvaro Ayala, Ben W. Brock, et al. “DCG-MIP: The
Debris-Covered Glacier Melt Model Intercomparison Experiment.” The Cryosphere.
Copernicus Publications, 2026. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1895-2026.'
ieee: 'F. Pellicciotti et al., “DCG-MIP: The debris-covered glacier melt
model intercomparison experiment,” The Cryosphere, vol. 20, no. 3. Copernicus
Publications, pp. 1895–1928, 2026.'
ista: 'Pellicciotti F, Fontrodona-Bach A, Rounce DR, Fyffe CL, Anderson LS, Ayala
Á, Brock BW, Buri P, Fugger S, Fujita K, GANTAYAT P, Groos AR, Immerzeel W, Kneib
M, Mayer C, MacDonell S, McCarthy M, McPhee J, Miles E, Purdie H, Rets E, Sakai
A, Shaw T, Steiner J, Wagnon P, Winter-Billington A. 2026. DCG-MIP: The debris-covered
glacier melt model intercomparison experiment. The Cryosphere. 20(3), 1895–1928.'
mla: 'Pellicciotti, Francesca, et al. “DCG-MIP: The Debris-Covered Glacier Melt
Model Intercomparison Experiment.” The Cryosphere, vol. 20, no. 3, Copernicus
Publications, 2026, pp. 1895–928, doi:10.5194/tc-20-1895-2026.'
short: F. Pellicciotti, A. Fontrodona-Bach, D.R. Rounce, C.L. Fyffe, L.S. Anderson,
Á. Ayala, B.W. Brock, P. Buri, S. Fugger, K. Fujita, P. GANTAYAT, A.R. Groos,
W. Immerzeel, M. Kneib, C. Mayer, S. MacDonell, M. McCarthy, J. McPhee, E. Miles,
H. Purdie, E. Rets, A. Sakai, T. Shaw, J. Steiner, P. Wagnon, A. Winter-Billington,
The Cryosphere 20 (2026) 1895–1928.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-05-07T08:48:38Z
date_published: 2026-04-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-05-18T06:12:56Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.5194/tc-20-1895-2026
file:
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checksum: f15abad4ee360d41a3e8794f068711fc
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creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-05-18T06:07:53Z
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intvolume: ' 20'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1895-1928
publication: The Cryosphere
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1994-0424
publication_status: published
publisher: Copernicus Publications
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'DCG-MIP: The debris-covered glacier melt model intercomparison experiment'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 20
year: '2026'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21915'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Hydrological models commonly use very simple snow accumulation and melt models
based on air temperature information, namely, a temperature threshold for snow
accumulation as well as for snowmelt, and a melt factor. This utility emerges
due to the simplicity, efficiency, and generally good performance of such models
if sufficient calibration information is available. At scales beyond single gauged
catchments, the estimation and evaluation of the temperature thresholds and the
melt factor has been difficult due to a lack of observations on snow accumulation
and melt. Using a recently published Northern Hemisphere snow water equivalent
dataset (NH-SWE) and co-located climate station observations of temperature and
precipitation (4736 stations across the Northern Hemisphere), this work estimates
melt factors and temperature thresholds for snow modelling based on station observations
and provides the first large-scale and long-term (1950–2023) evaluation of a simple
temperature-index snow model and its parameters across a diverse range of snow
climates. Our study reveals that the 0 °C as precipitation-phase threshold captures
most snowfall days (89 %) and the 0 °C as snowmelt initiation threshold captures
most snowmelt days (76 %). Adjusting large-scale uniform threshold values does
not consistently improve performance across all snow accumulation and melt metrics.
Estimated melt factors based on observations converge towards 3–5 mm (°C d)−1
for deeper snowpack climates (peak snow water equivalent >300 mm), but their estimation
may be more challenging for colder climates with shallower snowpacks (<300 mm),
conditions where the derived melt factors cover a wider range (1 to 12 mm (°C d)−1)
and a much higher interannual and spatial variability. The temperature-index snow
model performs consistently well, on average, across the available Northern Hemisphere
data set for estimating long-term mean values of seasonal snow cover onset, snowmelt
season onset, mean snow accumulation and snowmelt rates, but challenges may arise
due to biases in temperature records or solid precipitation undercatch. Peak snow
water equivalent is likely underestimated for deep or alpine snowpacks, while
it is likely overestimated for shallow snowpacks in the coldest and continental
climates. The best median performance of the temperature-index approach lies on
relatively shallow snowpacks in temperate climates. This study provides valuable
insights into temperature-threshold snowfall modelling and temperature-index melt
modelling for applications across diverse climates and environments, and the results
should help refine regional modelling approaches to enhance our understanding
of snowpack responses to global warming.
acknowledgement: 'AFB acknowledges funding from the UK''s Natural Environment Research
Council (NERC) CENTA2 doctoral training program, grant number NE/S007350/1. AFB
acknowledges support from the School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science
research fund. The computations described in this paper were performed using the
University of Birmingham''s BlueBEAR HPC service, which provides a High Performance
Computing service to the University''s research community. See http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/bear
(last access: 15 December 2025) for more details. This research has been supported
by the Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. CENTA2 NE/S007350/1).'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Adrià
full_name: Fontrodona-Bach, Adrià
id: f06891fd-9f42-11ee-8632-a20971c43046
last_name: Fontrodona-Bach
- first_name: Bettina
full_name: Schaefli, Bettina
last_name: Schaefli
- first_name: Ross
full_name: Woods, Ross
last_name: Woods
- first_name: Joshua R.
full_name: Larsen, Joshua R.
last_name: Larsen
citation:
ama: Fontrodona-Bach A, Schaefli B, Woods R, Larsen JR. Estimating robust melt factors
and temperature thresholds for snow modelling across the Northern Hemisphere.
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2026;30(9):2613-2636. doi:10.5194/hess-30-2613-2026
apa: Fontrodona-Bach, A., Schaefli, B., Woods, R., & Larsen, J. R. (2026). Estimating
robust melt factors and temperature thresholds for snow modelling across the Northern
Hemisphere. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. Copernicus Publications.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-2613-2026
chicago: Fontrodona-Bach, Adrià, Bettina Schaefli, Ross Woods, and Joshua R. Larsen.
“Estimating Robust Melt Factors and Temperature Thresholds for Snow Modelling
across the Northern Hemisphere.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. Copernicus
Publications, 2026. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-2613-2026.
ieee: A. Fontrodona-Bach, B. Schaefli, R. Woods, and J. R. Larsen, “Estimating robust
melt factors and temperature thresholds for snow modelling across the Northern
Hemisphere,” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, vol. 30, no. 9. Copernicus
Publications, pp. 2613–2636, 2026.
ista: Fontrodona-Bach A, Schaefli B, Woods R, Larsen JR. 2026. Estimating robust
melt factors and temperature thresholds for snow modelling across the Northern
Hemisphere. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 30(9), 2613–2636.
mla: Fontrodona-Bach, Adrià, et al. “Estimating Robust Melt Factors and Temperature
Thresholds for Snow Modelling across the Northern Hemisphere.” Hydrology and
Earth System Sciences, vol. 30, no. 9, Copernicus Publications, 2026, pp.
2613–36, doi:10.5194/hess-30-2613-2026.
short: A. Fontrodona-Bach, B. Schaefli, R. Woods, J.R. Larsen, Hydrology and Earth
System Sciences 30 (2026) 2613–2636.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-05-24T22:01:32Z
date_published: 2026-05-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-06-02T09:24:00Z
day: '04'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.5194/hess-30-2613-2026
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 8bde4775545f9e049ea3806144b0d5f1
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-06-02T09:22:26Z
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file_name: 2026_HydrologyEarthSystemSciences_FontrodonaBach.pdf
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intvolume: ' 30'
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language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 2613-2636
publication: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1607-7938
issn:
- 1027-5606
publication_status: published
publisher: Copernicus Publications
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Estimating robust melt factors and temperature thresholds for snow modelling
across the Northern Hemisphere
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 30
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '22119'
article_number: EGU26-19367
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: José M
full_name: Muñoz Hermosilla, José M
id: e1037a6d-646e-11ef-b402-e0ed9ab0901e
last_name: Muñoz Hermosilla
orcid: 0000-0002-1990-8508
- first_name: Evan
full_name: Miles, Evan
last_name: Miles
- first_name: Michael
full_name: McCarthy, Michael
id: 22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f
last_name: McCarthy
- first_name: Juan Vicente
full_name: Melo Velasco, Juan Vicente
id: 2611dec0-b9c6-11ed-9bea-a81c2b17a549
last_name: Melo Velasco
- first_name: Florian
full_name: Hardmeier, Florian
last_name: Hardmeier
- first_name: PRATEEK
full_name: GANTAYAT, PRATEEK
id: 02734268-3e8d-11ef-80a1-cec4a088d004
last_name: GANTAYAT
- first_name: Adrià
full_name: Fontrodona-Bach, Adrià
id: f06891fd-9f42-11ee-8632-a20971c43046
last_name: Fontrodona-Bach
- first_name: Guillaume
full_name: Jouvet, Guillaume
last_name: Jouvet
- first_name: Francesca
full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
last_name: Pellicciotti
orcid: 0000-0002-5554-8087
citation:
ama: 'Muñoz Hermosilla JM, Miles E, McCarthy M, et al. Constraining debris input
to Oberaletsch Glacier using ensemble-based Lagrangian modelling. In: EGU General
Assembly 2026. European Geosciences Union; 2026. doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu26-19367'
apa: 'Muñoz Hermosilla, J. M., Miles, E., McCarthy, M., Melo Velasco, J. V., Hardmeier,
F., GANTAYAT, P., … Pellicciotti, F. (2026). Constraining debris input to Oberaletsch
Glacier using ensemble-based Lagrangian modelling. In EGU General Assembly
2026. Vienna, Austria & Virtual: European Geosciences Union. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-19367'
chicago: Muñoz Hermosilla, José M, Evan Miles, Michael McCarthy, Juan Vicente Melo
Velasco, Florian Hardmeier, PRATEEK GANTAYAT, Adrià Fontrodona-Bach, Guillaume
Jouvet, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Constraining Debris Input to Oberaletsch
Glacier Using Ensemble-Based Lagrangian Modelling.” In EGU General Assembly
2026. European Geosciences Union, 2026. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-19367.
ieee: J. M. Muñoz Hermosilla et al., “Constraining debris input to Oberaletsch
Glacier using ensemble-based Lagrangian modelling,” in EGU General Assembly
2026, Vienna, Austria & Virtual, 2026.
ista: Muñoz Hermosilla JM, Miles E, McCarthy M, Melo Velasco JV, Hardmeier F, GANTAYAT
P, Fontrodona-Bach A, Jouvet G, Pellicciotti F. 2026. Constraining debris input
to Oberaletsch Glacier using ensemble-based Lagrangian modelling. EGU General
Assembly 2026. EGU General Assembly, EGU26-19367.
mla: Muñoz Hermosilla, José M., et al. “Constraining Debris Input to Oberaletsch
Glacier Using Ensemble-Based Lagrangian Modelling.” EGU General Assembly 2026,
EGU26-19367, European Geosciences Union, 2026, doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu26-19367.
short: J.M. Muñoz Hermosilla, E. Miles, M. McCarthy, J.V. Melo Velasco, F. Hardmeier,
P. GANTAYAT, A. Fontrodona-Bach, G. Jouvet, F. Pellicciotti, in:, EGU General
Assembly 2026, European Geosciences Union, 2026.
conference:
end_date: 2026-05-08
location: Vienna, Austria & Virtual
name: EGU General Assembly
start_date: 2026-05-03
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-06-22T12:16:50Z
date_published: 2026-07-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-07-02T06:42:37Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: FrPe
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.5194/egusphere-egu26-19367
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 2ea3e691cfa53176d0e801b9172842d6
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-07-02T06:22:50Z
date_updated: 2026-07-02T06:22:50Z
file_id: '22233'
file_name: 2026_EGU26_MunozHermosilla.pdf
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success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-07-02T06:22:50Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: EGU General Assembly 2026
publication_status: published
publisher: European Geosciences Union
status: public
title: Constraining debris input to Oberaletsch Glacier using ensemble-based Lagrangian
modelling
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference_abstract
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20971'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Mountain glaciers are among the natural systems most vulnerable to climate
change. However, their interactions with the atmosphere are complex and not fully
understood. These interactions can trigger rapid adjustments and climate feedbacks
that either amplify or attenuate atmospheric signals, influencing both glacier
response and large-scale atmospheric circulation. Observing this functional coupling
in nature is challenging because the key processes occur over a wide range of
spatial and temporal scales. However, recent advances in observational techniques
and modeling have provided new insights into these interactions. In this review,
we summarize the current state of knowledge on glacier-atmosphere interactions
in high-mountain regions at different scales, and highlight recent advances in
observational and numerical modeling. We also highlight important knowledge gaps
and outline future research directions to improve the prediction of glacier change
in a warming world.
acknowledgement: This work is the result of collaboration and discussions within HEFEX
II, and we are grateful to all colleagues who have contributed to and enriched these
discussions in various ways. T. Sauter acknowledges funding from the German Research
Foundation (DFG) (Grant 543257843). This research was funded in part by the Austrian
Science Fund (FWF) (Grant https://doi.org/10.55776/P36624 and https://doi.org/10.55776/P36306)
for which E. Collier and R. Prinz are grateful. A. R. Groos, T. E. Shaw, R. Mott
and M. Haugeneder acknowledge Transnational Access from the European Union's H2020
project INTERACT III (Grant 871120) for participation in the HEFEX II campaign and
working group. I. Stiperski (Grant Agreement No. 101001691) and A. R. Groos (Grant
Agreement No. 948290) acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. R. Mott
acknowledges funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) (Grant 200021_219918).
B. Goger is supported by EXCLAIM, a project funded by ETH Zurich. J.E. Sicart acknowledges
LabEx OSUG@2020 (Investissements d'avenir - ANR10 LABX56) for participation in the
HEFEX II campaign and working group. T. E. Shaw acknowledges funding from the EU
Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant 101026058 and 101034413. K. F. Haualand
and T. Sauter are supported by the JOSTICE project funded by the Research Council
of Norway (RCN Grant 302458).
article_number: e2024RG000869
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: T.
full_name: Sauter, T.
last_name: Sauter
- first_name: B. W.
full_name: Brock, B. W.
last_name: Brock
- first_name: E.
full_name: Collier, E.
last_name: Collier
- first_name: B.
full_name: Goger, B.
last_name: Goger
- first_name: A. R.
full_name: Groos, A. R.
last_name: Groos
- first_name: K. F.
full_name: Haualand, K. F.
last_name: Haualand
- first_name: R.
full_name: Mott, R.
last_name: Mott
- first_name: L.
full_name: Nicholson, L.
last_name: Nicholson
- first_name: R.
full_name: Prinz, R.
last_name: Prinz
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Shaw, Thomas
id: 3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e
last_name: Shaw
orcid: 0000-0001-7640-6152
- first_name: I.
full_name: Stiperski, I.
last_name: Stiperski
- first_name: A.
full_name: Georgi, A.
last_name: Georgi
- first_name: M.
full_name: Haugeneder, M.
last_name: Haugeneder
- first_name: A.
full_name: Mandal, A.
last_name: Mandal
- first_name: D.
full_name: Reynolds, D.
last_name: Reynolds
- first_name: M.
full_name: Saigger, M.
last_name: Saigger
- first_name: J. E.
full_name: Sicart, J. E.
last_name: Sicart
- first_name: A.
full_name: Voordendag, A.
last_name: Voordendag
citation:
ama: Sauter T, Brock BW, Collier E, et al. Glacier-atmosphere interactions and feedbacks
in high-mountain regions - A review. Reviews of Geophysics. 2026;64(1).
doi:10.1029/2024RG000869
apa: Sauter, T., Brock, B. W., Collier, E., Goger, B., Groos, A. R., Haualand, K.
F., … Voordendag, A. (2026). Glacier-atmosphere interactions and feedbacks in
high-mountain regions - A review. Reviews of Geophysics. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024RG000869
chicago: Sauter, T., B. W. Brock, E. Collier, B. Goger, A. R. Groos, K. F. Haualand,
R. Mott, et al. “Glacier-Atmosphere Interactions and Feedbacks in High-Mountain
Regions - A Review.” Reviews of Geophysics. Wiley, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024RG000869.
ieee: T. Sauter et al., “Glacier-atmosphere interactions and feedbacks in
high-mountain regions - A review,” Reviews of Geophysics, vol. 64, no.
1. Wiley, 2026.
ista: Sauter T, Brock BW, Collier E, Goger B, Groos AR, Haualand KF, Mott R, Nicholson
L, Prinz R, Shaw T, Stiperski I, Georgi A, Haugeneder M, Mandal A, Reynolds D,
Saigger M, Sicart JE, Voordendag A. 2026. Glacier-atmosphere interactions and
feedbacks in high-mountain regions - A review. Reviews of Geophysics. 64(1), e2024RG000869.
mla: Sauter, T., et al. “Glacier-Atmosphere Interactions and Feedbacks in High-Mountain
Regions - A Review.” Reviews of Geophysics, vol. 64, no. 1, e2024RG000869,
Wiley, 2026, doi:10.1029/2024RG000869.
short: T. Sauter, B.W. Brock, E. Collier, B. Goger, A.R. Groos, K.F. Haualand, R.
Mott, L. Nicholson, R. Prinz, T. Shaw, I. Stiperski, A. Georgi, M. Haugeneder,
A. Mandal, D. Reynolds, M. Saigger, J.E. Sicart, A. Voordendag, Reviews of Geophysics
64 (2026).
das_tickbox: '1'
date_created: 2026-01-11T23:01:33Z
date_published: 2026-01-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-07-07T06:16:15Z
day: '05'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.1029/2024RG000869
ec_funded: 1
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 64'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024RG000869
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '101034413'
name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program'
publication: Reviews of Geophysics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1944-9208
issn:
- 8755-1209
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: Wiley
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Glacier-atmosphere interactions and feedbacks in high-mountain regions - A
review
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 64
year: '2026'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21247'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Seasonal snowmelt in High Mountain Asia is an important source of river discharge.
Therefore, observation of the spatiotemporal variations in snow cover at catchment
scales using high-resolution satellites is essential for understanding changes
in water supply from headwater catchments. In this study, we adapt an algorithm
to automatically detect the snowline altitude (SLA) using the Google Earth Engine
platform with available high-resolution multispectral satellite archives that
can be readily applied for areas of interest. Here, we applied and evaluated the
tool to five glacierized watersheds across the Himalayas to quantify the changes
in seasonal and annual snow cover over the past 21 years and analyze climate reanalysis
data to assess the meteorological factors influencing the SLA. Our findings revealed
substantial variations in the SLA among sites in terms of seasonal patterns, decadal
trends, and meteorological controls. We identify positive trends in SLA in Hidden
Valley (+11.9 m yr−1), Langtang (+14.4 m yr−1), and Rolwaling (+8.2 m yr−1) in
the Nepalese Himalayas but a negative trend in Satopanth (−15.6 m yr−1) in the
western Indian Himalayas and no significant trend in Parlung in southeastern Tibet.
We suggest that the increase in SLA in Nepal was caused by warmer temperatures
during the monsoon season, whereas the decrease in SLA in India was driven by
increased winter snowfall and reduced monsoon snowmelt. By integrating the outcomes
of these analyses, we found that long-term changes in SLA are primarily driven
by shifts in the local climate, whereas seasonal variability may be influenced
by geographic features in conjunction with climate.
acknowledgement: We thank Maud Bernat for helping with the modification of the automatic
detection code and Michael McCarthy for preparing snowline data derived from the
MODIS satellite. This research was supported by the JSPS–SNSF (Japan Society for
the Promotion of Science–Swiss National Science Foundation) bilateral program project
(HOPE, High-elevation precipitation in High Mountain Asia; JPJSJRP 20191503, grant
no. 183633) and JSPS KAKENHI (grant nos. 23K13417 and 23H01509).
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Orie
full_name: Sasaki, Orie
last_name: Sasaki
- first_name: Evan S.
full_name: Miles, Evan S.
last_name: Miles
- first_name: Francesca
full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
last_name: Pellicciotti
orcid: 0000-0002-5554-8087
- first_name: Akiko
full_name: Sakai, Akiko
last_name: Sakai
- first_name: Koji
full_name: Fujita, Koji
last_name: Fujita
citation:
ama: Sasaki O, Miles ES, Pellicciotti F, Sakai A, Fujita K. Contrasting patterns
of change in snowline altitude across five Himalayan catchments. The Cryosphere.
2025;19(11):5283-5298. doi:10.5194/tc-19-5283-2025
apa: Sasaki, O., Miles, E. S., Pellicciotti, F., Sakai, A., & Fujita, K. (2025).
Contrasting patterns of change in snowline altitude across five Himalayan catchments.
The Cryosphere. Copernicus Publications. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5283-2025
chicago: Sasaki, Orie, Evan S. Miles, Francesca Pellicciotti, Akiko Sakai, and Koji
Fujita. “Contrasting Patterns of Change in Snowline Altitude across Five Himalayan
Catchments.” The Cryosphere. Copernicus Publications, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5283-2025.
ieee: O. Sasaki, E. S. Miles, F. Pellicciotti, A. Sakai, and K. Fujita, “Contrasting
patterns of change in snowline altitude across five Himalayan catchments,” The
Cryosphere, vol. 19, no. 11. Copernicus Publications, pp. 5283–5298, 2025.
ista: Sasaki O, Miles ES, Pellicciotti F, Sakai A, Fujita K. 2025. Contrasting patterns
of change in snowline altitude across five Himalayan catchments. The Cryosphere.
19(11), 5283–5298.
mla: Sasaki, Orie, et al. “Contrasting Patterns of Change in Snowline Altitude across
Five Himalayan Catchments.” The Cryosphere, vol. 19, no. 11, Copernicus
Publications, 2025, pp. 5283–98, doi:10.5194/tc-19-5283-2025.
short: O. Sasaki, E.S. Miles, F. Pellicciotti, A. Sakai, K. Fujita, The Cryosphere
19 (2025) 5283–5298.
date_created: 2026-02-16T15:36:51Z
date_published: 2025-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-17T12:49:00Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.5194/tc-19-5283-2025
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 2bb8ada7536bb69b39448f13098f8cea
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-02-17T12:35:44Z
date_updated: 2026-02-17T12:35:44Z
file_id: '21303'
file_name: 2025_Cryosphere_Sasaki.pdf
file_size: 6617241
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-02-17T12:35:44Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 19'
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 5283-5298
publication: The Cryosphere
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1994-0424
publication_status: published
publisher: Copernicus Publications
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Contrasting patterns of change in snowline altitude across five Himalayan catchments
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 19
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '18985'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Persistent multiyear drought (MYD) events pose a growing threat to nature
and humans in a changing climate. We identified and inventoried global MYDs by
detecting spatiotemporally contiguous climatic anomalies, showing that MYDs have
become drier, hotter, and led to increasingly diminished vegetation greenness.
The global terrestrial land affected by MYDs has increased at a rate of 49,279
± 14,771 square kilometers per year from 1980 to 2018. Temperate grasslands have
exhibited the greatest declines in vegetation greenness during MYDs, whereas boreal
and tropical forests have had comparably minor responses. With MYDs becoming more
common, this global quantitative inventory of the occurrence, severity, trend,
and impact of MYDs provides an important benchmark for facilitating more effective
and collaborative preparedness toward mitigation of and adaptation to such extreme
events.
acknowledgement: This study received support from the Extremes Research Program funded
by the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) within
the EMERGE project of the Extremes program.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Liangzhi
full_name: Chen, Liangzhi
last_name: Chen
- first_name: Philipp
full_name: Brun, Philipp
last_name: Brun
- first_name: Pascal
full_name: Buri, Pascal
id: 317987aa-9421-11ee-ac5a-b941b041abba
last_name: Buri
- first_name: Simone
full_name: Fatichi, Simone
last_name: Fatichi
- first_name: Arthur
full_name: Gessler, Arthur
last_name: Gessler
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Mccarthy, Michael
id: 22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f
last_name: Mccarthy
- first_name: Francesca
full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
last_name: Pellicciotti
orcid: 0000-0002-5554-8087
- first_name: Benjamin
full_name: Stocker, Benjamin
last_name: Stocker
- first_name: Dirk Nikolaus
full_name: Karger, Dirk Nikolaus
last_name: Karger
citation:
ama: Chen L, Brun P, Buri P, et al. Global increase in the occurrence and impact
of multiyear droughts. Science. 2025;387(6731):278-284. doi:10.1126/science.ado4245
apa: Chen, L., Brun, P., Buri, P., Fatichi, S., Gessler, A., McCarthy, M., … Karger,
D. N. (2025). Global increase in the occurrence and impact of multiyear droughts.
Science. AAAS. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ado4245
chicago: Chen, Liangzhi, Philipp Brun, Pascal Buri, Simone Fatichi, Arthur Gessler,
Michael McCarthy, Francesca Pellicciotti, Benjamin Stocker, and Dirk Nikolaus
Karger. “Global Increase in the Occurrence and Impact of Multiyear Droughts.”
Science. AAAS, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ado4245.
ieee: L. Chen et al., “Global increase in the occurrence and impact of multiyear
droughts,” Science, vol. 387, no. 6731. AAAS, pp. 278–284, 2025.
ista: Chen L, Brun P, Buri P, Fatichi S, Gessler A, McCarthy M, Pellicciotti F,
Stocker B, Karger DN. 2025. Global increase in the occurrence and impact of multiyear
droughts. Science. 387(6731), 278–284.
mla: Chen, Liangzhi, et al. “Global Increase in the Occurrence and Impact of Multiyear
Droughts.” Science, vol. 387, no. 6731, AAAS, 2025, pp. 278–84, doi:10.1126/science.ado4245.
short: L. Chen, P. Brun, P. Buri, S. Fatichi, A. Gessler, M. McCarthy, F. Pellicciotti,
B. Stocker, D.N. Karger, Science 387 (2025) 278–284.
date_created: 2025-02-02T23:01:54Z
date_published: 2025-01-17T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T10:24:34Z
day: '17'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.1126/science.ado4245
external_id:
isi:
- '001491931700027'
pmid:
- '39818908'
intvolume: ' 387'
isi: 1
issue: '6731'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 278-284
pmid: 1
publication: Science
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1095-9203
publication_status: published
publisher: AAAS
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Global increase in the occurrence and impact of multiyear droughts
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 387
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '19369'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Monitoring and estimating mountain snowpack mass over regional scales is still
a challenge because of the inadequacy of observational networks in capturing spatiotemporal
variability, and limitations in remotely sensed retrievals. Recent work using
C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter data from the Sentinel-1 satellite
mission has shown good promise for tracking mountain snow depth over specific
northern hemisphere ranges, although the broader potential is still unknown. Here,
we extend the new Sentinel-1 based modeling framework beyond the northern hemisphere
by only utilizing globally available input data, and evaluate different model
parametrization and model performance over the Chilean and Argentine Andes mountains,
which contain the largest mountain snowpack in the southern hemisphere. The accuracy
of Sentinel-1 snow depth estimates is evaluated against an extensive in situ network
available for the region. Satellite-retrieved snow depth is found to have poorer
performance across the Andes than observed for northern hemisphere mountain ranges
because of greater sensitivity to evergreen forest cover and shallower snowpacks.
The algorithm does offer some skill but performance is variable and site-dependent.
Algorithm performance is best over regions with limited evergreen forest cover
(<15%) and snow depths greater than 0.75 m, although the retrievals over-estimate
snow depth across most sites. Systemic errors for specific snow classes and across
different snow depths are shown, highlighting specific areas in need of further
investigation and development.
acknowledgement: This research was supported by the University of Queensland's PhD
scholarship program, the Australian Research Council under the Future Fellowship
program (Project ID:FT140100977), and the Sustainable Minerals Institute International
Centre of Excellence (Chile). Fiona Johnson is supported by a UNSW Scientia Funding
and ARC Training Centre in Data Analytics for Resources and Environments(Grant IC190100031).
The authors also thank Liliana Pagliero, Maxi Viale and Rodrigo Correa for their
support with obtaining the DGA, SNIH, and Codelco data sets, and the PlanetLabs
research and education initiative for free imagery. Open access publishing facilitated
by The University of Queensland, as part of the Wiley ‐ The University of Queensland
agreement via the Council of Australian University Librarians.
article_number: e2024WR037766
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: N.
full_name: Bulovic, N.
last_name: Bulovic
- first_name: F.
full_name: Johnson, F.
last_name: Johnson
- first_name: H.
full_name: Lievens, H.
last_name: Lievens
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Shaw, Thomas
id: 3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e
last_name: Shaw
orcid: 0000-0001-7640-6152
- first_name: J.
full_name: Mcphee, J.
last_name: Mcphee
- first_name: S.
full_name: Gascoin, S.
last_name: Gascoin
- first_name: M.
full_name: Demuzere, M.
last_name: Demuzere
- first_name: N.
full_name: Mcintyre, N.
last_name: Mcintyre
citation:
ama: Bulovic N, Johnson F, Lievens H, et al. Evaluating the performance of sentinel-1
SAR derived snow depth retrievals over the extratropical Andes cordillera. Water
Resources Research. 2025;61(2). doi:10.1029/2024WR037766
apa: Bulovic, N., Johnson, F., Lievens, H., Shaw, T., Mcphee, J., Gascoin, S., …
Mcintyre, N. (2025). Evaluating the performance of sentinel-1 SAR derived snow
depth retrievals over the extratropical Andes cordillera. Water Resources Research.
Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR037766
chicago: Bulovic, N., F. Johnson, H. Lievens, Thomas Shaw, J. Mcphee, S. Gascoin,
M. Demuzere, and N. Mcintyre. “Evaluating the Performance of Sentinel-1 SAR Derived
Snow Depth Retrievals over the Extratropical Andes Cordillera.” Water Resources
Research. Wiley, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR037766.
ieee: N. Bulovic et al., “Evaluating the performance of sentinel-1 SAR derived
snow depth retrievals over the extratropical Andes cordillera,” Water Resources
Research, vol. 61, no. 2. Wiley, 2025.
ista: Bulovic N, Johnson F, Lievens H, Shaw T, Mcphee J, Gascoin S, Demuzere M,
Mcintyre N. 2025. Evaluating the performance of sentinel-1 SAR derived snow depth
retrievals over the extratropical Andes cordillera. Water Resources Research.
61(2), e2024WR037766.
mla: Bulovic, N., et al. “Evaluating the Performance of Sentinel-1 SAR Derived Snow
Depth Retrievals over the Extratropical Andes Cordillera.” Water Resources
Research, vol. 61, no. 2, e2024WR037766, Wiley, 2025, doi:10.1029/2024WR037766.
short: N. Bulovic, F. Johnson, H. Lievens, T. Shaw, J. Mcphee, S. Gascoin, M. Demuzere,
N. Mcintyre, Water Resources Research 61 (2025).
date_created: 2025-03-09T23:01:27Z
date_published: 2025-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T10:48:43Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.1029/2024WR037766
external_id:
isi:
- '001419509100001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 8ff09dcae2e508fd72aee80300fc40e2
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-03-10T08:16:05Z
date_updated: 2025-03-10T08:16:05Z
file_id: '19377'
file_name: 2025_WaterResourcesResearch_Bulovic.pdf
file_size: 6362563
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-03-10T08:16:05Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 61'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Water Resources Research
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1944-7973
issn:
- 0043-1397
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Evaluating the performance of sentinel-1 SAR derived snow depth retrievals
over the extratropical Andes cordillera
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 61
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '19777'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Snow cover is of key importance for water resources in high mountain Asia
(HMA) and is expected to undergo extensive changes in a warming climate. Past
studies have quantified snow cover changes with satellite products of relatively
low spatial resolution (∼500 m) which are hindered by the steep topography of
this mountain region. We derive snowlines from Sentinel-2 and Landsat 5, 7 and
8 images, which, thanks to their higher spatial resolution, are less sensitive
to the local topography. We calculate the snow line altitude (SLA) and its seasonality
for all glacierized catchments of HMA and link these patterns to climate variables
corrected for topographic biases. As such, the snowline changes provide a clear
proxy for climatic changes. Our results highlight a strong spatial variability
in mean SLA and in its seasonal changes, including across mountain chains and
between the monsoon-dominated and the westerlies-dominated catchments. Over the
period 1999–2019, the western regions of HMA (Pamir, Karakoram, Western Himalaya)
have undergone increased snow coverage, expressed as seasonal SLA decrease, in
spring and summer. This change is opposed to a widespread increase in SLA in autumn
across the region, and especially the southeastern regions of HMA (Nyainqentanglha,
Hengduan Shan, South–East Himalaya). Our results indicate that the diversity of
seasonal snow dynamics across the region is controlled not by temperature or precipitation
directly but by the timing and partitioning of solid precipitation. Decadal snowline
changes (1999–2009 vs 2009–2019) seasonally precede temperature changes, suggesting
that seasonal temperature changes in the Karakoram–Pamir and Eastern Nyainqentanglha
regions may have responded to snow cover changes, rather than driving them.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the SNSF (Science and Swiss National Science
Foundation)-SSSTC (Sino-Swiss Science and Technology Cooperation) Project (IZLCZ0_189890)
'Understanding snow, glacier and rivers response to climate in High Mountain Asia
(ASCENT)', by the JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion)-SNSF Bilateral Programmes
project (HOPE, High-elevation precipitation in High Mountain Asia; Grant 183633),
and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation program (RAVEN, Rapid mass losses of debris-covered glaciers
in High Mountain Asia; Grant 772751). Marin Kneib acknowledges funding from the
SNSF Postdoc.Mobility program (Grant No. P500PN_210739).
article_number: '064039'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: M.
full_name: Bernat, M.
last_name: Bernat
- first_name: E. S.
full_name: Miles, E. S.
last_name: Miles
- first_name: M.
full_name: Kneib, M.
last_name: Kneib
- first_name: K.
full_name: Fujita, K.
last_name: Fujita
- first_name: O.
full_name: Sasaki, O.
last_name: Sasaki
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Shaw, Thomas
id: 3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e
last_name: Shaw
orcid: 0000-0001-7640-6152
- first_name: Francesca
full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
last_name: Pellicciotti
orcid: 0000-0002-5554-8087
citation:
ama: Bernat M, Miles ES, Kneib M, et al. Precipitation phase drives seasonal and
decadal snowline changes in high mountain Asia. Environmental Research Letters.
2025;20(6). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/adcf39
apa: Bernat, M., Miles, E. S., Kneib, M., Fujita, K., Sasaki, O., Shaw, T., &
Pellicciotti, F. (2025). Precipitation phase drives seasonal and decadal snowline
changes in high mountain Asia. Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adcf39
chicago: Bernat, M., E. S. Miles, M. Kneib, K. Fujita, O. Sasaki, Thomas Shaw, and
Francesca Pellicciotti. “Precipitation Phase Drives Seasonal and Decadal Snowline
Changes in High Mountain Asia.” Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing,
2025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adcf39.
ieee: M. Bernat et al., “Precipitation phase drives seasonal and decadal
snowline changes in high mountain Asia,” Environmental Research Letters,
vol. 20, no. 6. IOP Publishing, 2025.
ista: Bernat M, Miles ES, Kneib M, Fujita K, Sasaki O, Shaw T, Pellicciotti F. 2025.
Precipitation phase drives seasonal and decadal snowline changes in high mountain
Asia. Environmental Research Letters. 20(6), 064039.
mla: Bernat, M., et al. “Precipitation Phase Drives Seasonal and Decadal Snowline
Changes in High Mountain Asia.” Environmental Research Letters, vol. 20,
no. 6, 064039, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/adcf39.
short: M. Bernat, E.S. Miles, M. Kneib, K. Fujita, O. Sasaki, T. Shaw, F. Pellicciotti,
Environmental Research Letters 20 (2025).
date_created: 2025-06-03T07:30:21Z
date_published: 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T12:43:11Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/adcf39
external_id:
isi:
- '001493525600001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 84a8d895762f0ab4b30b34e7387b33c7
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-06-03T08:10:45Z
date_updated: 2025-06-03T08:10:45Z
file_id: '19781'
file_name: 2025_EnvironmResearchLetters_Bernat.pdf
file_size: 3604497
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-06-03T08:10:45Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 20'
isi: 1
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Environmental Research Letters
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1748-9326
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '19780'
relation: research_data
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Precipitation phase drives seasonal and decadal snowline changes in high mountain
Asia
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 20
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '19780'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "This repository contains the data used for the study Precipitation phase
drives seasonal and decadal snowline changes in high mountain Asia.\r\n\r\nThis
study focuses on 4776 glacierized catchments across high mountain Asia (HMA).
They are numbered from 0 to 4775. This code number is then used in all the products
as their unique ID. "
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the SNSF (Science and Swiss National Science
Foundation)-SSSTC (Sino-Swiss Science and Technology Cooperation) Project (IZLCZ0_189890)
'Understanding snow, glacier and rivers response to climate in High Mountain Asia
(ASCENT)', by the JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion)-SNSF Bilateral Programmes
project (HOPE, High-elevation precipitation in High Mountain Asia; Grant 183633),
and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation program (RAVEN, Rapid mass losses of debris-covered glaciers
in High Mountain Asia; Grant 772751). Marin Kneib acknowledges funding from the
SNSF Postdoc.Mobility program (Grant No. P500PN_210739).
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: M
full_name: Bernat, M
last_name: Bernat
citation:
ama: Bernat M. Snow line altitude in high mountain Asia derived from satellite imagery
(LS5, LS7, LS8 & S2) between 1999 and 2019. 2025. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.15223343
apa: Bernat, M. (2025). Snow line altitude in high mountain Asia derived from satellite
imagery (LS5, LS7, LS8 & S2) between 1999 and 2019. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.15223343
chicago: Bernat, M. “Snow Line Altitude in High Mountain Asia Derived from Satellite
Imagery (LS5, LS7, LS8 & S2) between 1999 and 2019.” Zenodo, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.15223343.
ieee: M. Bernat, “Snow line altitude in high mountain Asia derived from satellite
imagery (LS5, LS7, LS8 & S2) between 1999 and 2019.” Zenodo, 2025.
ista: Bernat M. 2025. Snow line altitude in high mountain Asia derived from satellite
imagery (LS5, LS7, LS8 & S2) between 1999 and 2019, Zenodo, 10.5281/ZENODO.15223343.
mla: Bernat, M. Snow Line Altitude in High Mountain Asia Derived from Satellite
Imagery (LS5, LS7, LS8 & S2) between 1999 and 2019. Zenodo, 2025, doi:10.5281/ZENODO.15223343.
short: M. Bernat, (2025).
contributor:
- contributor_type: project_member
first_name: Evan Stuart
last_name: Miles
- contributor_type: project_member
first_name: Marin
last_name: Kneib
- contributor_type: project_member
first_name: Koji
last_name: Fujita
- contributor_type: project_member
first_name: Orie
last_name: Sasaki
- contributor_type: project_member
first_name: Thomas
id: 3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e
last_name: Shaw
orcid: 0000-0001-7640-6152
- contributor_type: project_member
first_name: Francesca
id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
last_name: Pellicciotti
orcid: 0000-0002-5554-8087
date_created: 2025-06-03T08:05:29Z
date_published: 2025-04-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T12:43:10Z
day: '15'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.5281/ZENODO.15223343
has_accepted_license: '1'
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.15223343
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Zenodo
related_material:
record:
- id: '19777'
relation: used_in_publication
status: public
status: public
title: Snow line altitude in high mountain Asia derived from satellite imagery (LS5,
LS7, LS8 & S2) between 1999 and 2019
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '19839'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The snow and glaciers of the Peruvian Andes provide vital water supplies in
a region facing water scarcity and substantial glacier change. However, there
remains a lack of understanding of snow processes and quantification of the contribution
of melt to runoff. Here we apply a distributed glacio-hydrological model over
the Rio Santa basin to disentangle the role of the cryosphere in the Andean water
cycle. Only at the highest elevations (>5000 m a.s.l.) is the snow cover continuous;
at lower elevations, the snowpack is thin and ephemeral, with rapid cycles of
snowfall and melt. Due to the large catchment area affected by ephemeral snow,
its contribution to catchment inputs is substantial (23% and 38% in the wet and
dry season, respectively). Ice melt is crucial in the mid-dry season (up to 44%
of inputs). Our results improve estimates of water fluxes and call for further
process-based modelling across the Andes.
acknowledgement: This work was conducted under the PeruGROWS and PEGASUS projects,
which were both funded by NERC (grants NE/S013296/1 and NE/S013318/1, respectively)
and CONCYTEC through the Newton-Paulet Fund. The Peruvian part of the Peru GROWS
project was conducted within the framework of the call E031-2018-01-NERC Glacier
Research Circles through its executing unit FONDECYT (Contract N°08-2019-FONDECYT).
Francesca Pellicciotti acknowledges support from the SNSF-funded PASTURE project,
grant no. 202604. Catriona Fyffe was supported by the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action
project EPIC, which was funded by the European Union (grant number 101105480). We
thank Florian von Ah for calculating the altitudinally resolved glacier mass balances
for the catchment. We also thank Duncan Quincey for his support and guidance within
both the PeruGROWS and PEGASUS projects. Gerardo Jacome and Alan Llacza are thanked
for their contribution to the climate modelling. We thank Ignacio López-Moreno and
Simon Gascoin for their thoughtful and constructive comments, which greatly improved
the manuscript. The team dedicates this work to the memory of Ing. Alejo Cochachin
Rapre, and his tireless work to monitor the region’s glaciers.
article_number: '434'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Catriona Louise
full_name: Fyffe, Catriona Louise
id: 001b0422-8d15-11ed-bc51-cab6c037a228
last_name: Fyffe
- first_name: Emily
full_name: Potter, Emily
last_name: Potter
- first_name: Evan
full_name: Miles, Evan
last_name: Miles
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Shaw, Thomas
id: 3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e
last_name: Shaw
orcid: 0000-0001-7640-6152
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Mccarthy, Michael
id: 22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f
last_name: Mccarthy
- first_name: Andrew
full_name: Orr, Andrew
last_name: Orr
- first_name: Edwin
full_name: Loarte, Edwin
last_name: Loarte
- first_name: Katy
full_name: Medina, Katy
last_name: Medina
- first_name: Simone
full_name: Fatichi, Simone
last_name: Fatichi
- first_name: Rob
full_name: Hellström, Rob
last_name: Hellström
- first_name: Michel
full_name: Baraer, Michel
last_name: Baraer
- first_name: Emilio
full_name: Mateo, Emilio
last_name: Mateo
- first_name: Alejo
full_name: Cochachin, Alejo
last_name: Cochachin
- first_name: Matthew
full_name: Westoby, Matthew
last_name: Westoby
- first_name: Francesca
full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
last_name: Pellicciotti
orcid: 0000-0002-5554-8087
citation:
ama: Fyffe CL, Potter E, Miles E, et al. Thin and ephemeral snow shapes melt and
runoff dynamics in the Peruvian Andes. Communications Earth and Environment.
2025;6. doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02379-x
apa: Fyffe, C. L., Potter, E., Miles, E., Shaw, T., McCarthy, M., Orr, A., … Pellicciotti,
F. (2025). Thin and ephemeral snow shapes melt and runoff dynamics in the Peruvian
Andes. Communications Earth and Environment. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02379-x
chicago: Fyffe, Catriona Louise, Emily Potter, Evan Miles, Thomas Shaw, Michael
McCarthy, Andrew Orr, Edwin Loarte, et al. “Thin and Ephemeral Snow Shapes Melt
and Runoff Dynamics in the Peruvian Andes.” Communications Earth and Environment.
Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02379-x.
ieee: C. L. Fyffe et al., “Thin and ephemeral snow shapes melt and runoff
dynamics in the Peruvian Andes,” Communications Earth and Environment,
vol. 6. Springer Nature, 2025.
ista: Fyffe CL, Potter E, Miles E, Shaw T, McCarthy M, Orr A, Loarte E, Medina K,
Fatichi S, Hellström R, Baraer M, Mateo E, Cochachin A, Westoby M, Pellicciotti
F. 2025. Thin and ephemeral snow shapes melt and runoff dynamics in the Peruvian
Andes. Communications Earth and Environment. 6, 434.
mla: Fyffe, Catriona Louise, et al. “Thin and Ephemeral Snow Shapes Melt and Runoff
Dynamics in the Peruvian Andes.” Communications Earth and Environment,
vol. 6, 434, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02379-x.
short: C.L. Fyffe, E. Potter, E. Miles, T. Shaw, M. McCarthy, A. Orr, E. Loarte,
K. Medina, S. Fatichi, R. Hellström, M. Baraer, E. Mateo, A. Cochachin, M. Westoby,
F. Pellicciotti, Communications Earth and Environment 6 (2025).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-06-15T22:01:28Z
date_published: 2025-06-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T12:48:43Z
day: '05'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.1038/s43247-025-02379-x
external_id:
isi:
- '001503932400002'
pmid:
- '40486185'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 5d5317640abe280c4f4edfca732cf4e0
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-06-23T06:41:15Z
date_updated: 2025-06-23T06:41:15Z
file_id: '19862'
file_name: 2025_CommEarthEnvir_Fyffe.pdf
file_size: 3172494
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-06-23T06:41:15Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 6'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: bdbe6627-d553-11ed-ba76-b5c9eedf278f
grant_number: '101105480'
name: ExPloring the ecohydrological Impacts of a changing Cryosphere in the Peruvian
Andes
publication: Communications Earth and Environment
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2662-4435
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Thin and ephemeral snow shapes melt and runoff dynamics in the Peruvian Andes
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 6
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '19878'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Rock debris partially covers glaciers worldwide, with varying extents and
distributions, and controls sub‐debris melt rates by modifying energy transfer
from the atmosphere to the ice. Two key physical properties controlling this energy
exchange are thermal conductivity (k) and aerodynamic roughness length (z0). Accurate
representation of these properties in energy‐balance models is critical for understanding
climate‐glacier interactions and predicting the behavior of debris‐covered glaciers.
However, k and z0 have been derived at very few sites from limited local measurements,
using different approaches, and most model applications rely on values reported
from these few sites and studies. We derive k and z0 using established and modified
approaches from data at three locations on Pirámide Glacier in the central Chilean
Andes. By comparing methods and evaluating melt simulated with an energy‐balance
model, we reveal substantial differences between approaches. These lead to discrepancies
between ice melt from energy‐balance simulations and observed data, and highlight
the impact of method choice on calculated ice melt. Optimizing k against measured
melt appears a viable approach to constrain melt simulations. Determining z0 seems
less critical, as it has a smaller impact on total melt. Profile aerodynamic method
measurements for estimating z0, despite higher costs, are independent of ice melt
calculations. The large, unexpected differences between methods indicate a substantial
knowledge gap. The fact that field‐derived k and z0 fail to work well in energy‐balance
models, suggests that model values represent bulk properties distinct from theoretical
field measurements. Addressing this gap is essential for improving glacier melt
predictions.
acknowledgement: This project received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation
(Grant 204322, project “REsolving the thickNess Of debris on Earth's glacIers and
its Rate of change,” RENOIR). We thank Lars Groeneveld, Diego Hernández, Alonso
Mejías, Gabriela Reyes and Gabriela Tala for their support during fieldwork. Open
access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology Austria/KEMÖ.
article_number: e2025JF008360
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Juan Vicente
full_name: Melo Velasco, Juan Vicente
id: 2611dec0-b9c6-11ed-9bea-a81c2b17a549
last_name: Melo Velasco
- first_name: Evan
full_name: Miles, Evan
last_name: Miles
- first_name: Michael
full_name: McCarthy, Michael
id: 22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f
last_name: McCarthy
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Shaw, Thomas
id: 3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e
last_name: Shaw
orcid: 0000-0001-7640-6152
- first_name: Catriona Louise
full_name: Fyffe, Catriona Louise
id: 001b0422-8d15-11ed-bc51-cab6c037a228
last_name: Fyffe
- first_name: Adrià
full_name: Fontrodona-Bach, Adrià
id: f06891fd-9f42-11ee-8632-a20971c43046
last_name: Fontrodona-Bach
- first_name: Francesca
full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
last_name: Pellicciotti
orcid: 0000-0002-5554-8087
citation:
ama: 'Melo Velasco JV, Miles E, McCarthy M, et al. Method dependence in thermal
conductivity and aerodynamic roughness length estimates on a debris‐covered glacier.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface. 2025;130(6). doi:10.1029/2025jf008360'
apa: 'Melo Velasco, J. V., Miles, E., McCarthy, M., Shaw, T., Fyffe, C. L., Fontrodona-Bach,
A., & Pellicciotti, F. (2025). Method dependence in thermal conductivity and
aerodynamic roughness length estimates on a debris‐covered glacier. Journal
of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jf008360'
chicago: 'Melo Velasco, Juan Vicente, Evan Miles, Michael McCarthy, Thomas Shaw,
Catriona Louise Fyffe, Adrià Fontrodona-Bach, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Method
Dependence in Thermal Conductivity and Aerodynamic Roughness Length Estimates
on a Debris‐covered Glacier.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface.
Wiley, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jf008360.'
ieee: 'J. V. Melo Velasco et al., “Method dependence in thermal conductivity
and aerodynamic roughness length estimates on a debris‐covered glacier,” Journal
of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, vol. 130, no. 6. Wiley, 2025.'
ista: 'Melo Velasco JV, Miles E, McCarthy M, Shaw T, Fyffe CL, Fontrodona-Bach A,
Pellicciotti F. 2025. Method dependence in thermal conductivity and aerodynamic
roughness length estimates on a debris‐covered glacier. Journal of Geophysical
Research: Earth Surface. 130(6), e2025JF008360.'
mla: 'Melo Velasco, Juan Vicente, et al. “Method Dependence in Thermal Conductivity
and Aerodynamic Roughness Length Estimates on a Debris‐covered Glacier.” Journal
of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, vol. 130, no. 6, e2025JF008360, Wiley,
2025, doi:10.1029/2025jf008360.'
short: 'J.V. Melo Velasco, E. Miles, M. McCarthy, T. Shaw, C.L. Fyffe, A. Fontrodona-Bach,
F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 130 (2025).'
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-06-23T13:54:01Z
date_published: 2025-06-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T13:42:28Z
day: '15'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.1029/2025jf008360
external_id:
isi:
- '001508794200001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: ca91541516c71d240321630ca42b4dc4
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-06-24T06:27:34Z
date_updated: 2025-06-24T06:27:34Z
file_id: '19886'
file_name: 2025_JGREarthSurface_MeloVelasco.pdf
file_size: 3949928
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-06-24T06:27:34Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 130'
isi: 1
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: 'Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface'
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2169-9011
issn:
- 2169-9003
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Method dependence in thermal conductivity and aerodynamic roughness length
estimates on a debris‐covered glacier
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 130
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20348'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Central Asia hosts some of the world’s last relatively healthy mountain glaciers
and is heavily dependent on snow and ice melt for downstream water supply, though
the causes of this stable glacier state are not known. We combine recent in-situ
observations, climate reanalysis and remote sensing data to force a land-surface
model to reconstruct glacier changes over the last two decades (1999–2023) and
disentangle their causes over a benchmark glacierized catchment in Tajikistan.
We show that snowfall and snow depth have been substantially lower since 2018,
leading to a decline in glacier health and reduced runoff generation. Remote-sensing
observations confirm wider snow depletion across the Northwestern Pamirs, suggesting
that a lack of snowfall might be a cause of mass losses regionally. Our results
provide an explanation for the recent decline in glacier health in the region,
and reinforce the need to better understand the variability of precipitation.
acknowledgement: This work was made possible with funding from the Swiss National
Science Foundation (ASCENT Project 189890, Understanding snow, glacier and rivers
response to climate in High Mountain Asia). It was also supported by the ERC Consolidator
RAVEN project No. 772751, Rapid mass losses of debris-covered glaciers in High Mountain
Asia. Fieldwork funding support for the repeated visits to Tajikistan was also received
from the Swiss Polar Institute Flagship Programme PAMIR (SPI-FLAG-2021-001) and
the Swiss National Science Foundation (HOPE Project 183633, High-elevation precipitation
in High Mountain Asia). We would like to thank Firdavs Vosidov, Ubaydullo Ubaydulloev,
Tojiddin Rasulzoda and Iskandarov Handullo from the Center for the Research of Glaciers,
Tajik National Academy of Sciences (CRG-TAS), for their invaluable support over
multiple field campaigns at the study site. We thank Nazrialo Sheralizoda, current
director of CRG-TAS, and Tomas Saks from the University of Fribourg for their support
in enabling and coordinating the ongoing collaborative monitoring and measurements
at the site. Marin Kneib acknowledges the funding from the Swiss National Science
Foundation (SNSF) under the Contribution of avalanches to glacier mass balance (CAIRN)
Postdoc Mobility program (grant agreement P500PN_210739). We extend our thanks to
Hamish Pritchard and Federico Covi at BAS for their help with the processing of
lake water pressure data. Finally, we thank the photographer Jason Klimatsas for
the photos he took which we use in Fig. 1b and Supplementary Fig. S1. Pleiades stereo
imagery was acquired through the CNES ISIS programme.
article_number: '691'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Achille
full_name: Jouberton, Achille
id: f2426a39-920b-11f0-ac40-cbeda2086b9c
last_name: Jouberton
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Shaw, Thomas
id: 3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e
last_name: Shaw
orcid: 0000-0001-7640-6152
- first_name: Evan
full_name: Miles, Evan
last_name: Miles
- first_name: Marin
full_name: Kneib, Marin
last_name: Kneib
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Fugger, Stefan
id: 86698d64-c4c6-11ee-af02-cdf1e6a7d31f
last_name: Fugger
- first_name: Pascal
full_name: Buri, Pascal
id: 317987aa-9421-11ee-ac5a-b941b041abba
last_name: Buri
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Mccarthy, Michael
id: 22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f
last_name: Mccarthy
- first_name: Abdulhamid
full_name: Kayumov, Abdulhamid
last_name: Kayumov
- first_name: Hofiz
full_name: Navruzshoev, Hofiz
last_name: Navruzshoev
- first_name: Ardamehr
full_name: Halimov, Ardamehr
last_name: Halimov
- first_name: Khusrav
full_name: Kabutov, Khusrav
last_name: Kabutov
- first_name: Farrukh
full_name: Homidov, Farrukh
last_name: Homidov
- first_name: Francesca
full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
last_name: Pellicciotti
orcid: 0000-0002-5554-8087
citation:
ama: Jouberton A, Shaw T, Miles E, et al. Snowfall decrease in recent years undermines
glacier health and meltwater resources in the Northwestern Pamirs. Communications
Earth and Environment. 2025;6. doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02611-8
apa: Jouberton, A., Shaw, T., Miles, E., Kneib, M., Fugger, S., Buri, P., … Pellicciotti,
F. (2025). Snowfall decrease in recent years undermines glacier health and meltwater
resources in the Northwestern Pamirs. Communications Earth and Environment.
Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02611-8
chicago: Jouberton, Achille, Thomas Shaw, Evan Miles, Marin Kneib, Stefan Fugger,
Pascal Buri, Michael McCarthy, et al. “Snowfall Decrease in Recent Years Undermines
Glacier Health and Meltwater Resources in the Northwestern Pamirs.” Communications
Earth and Environment. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02611-8.
ieee: A. Jouberton et al., “Snowfall decrease in recent years undermines
glacier health and meltwater resources in the Northwestern Pamirs,” Communications
Earth and Environment, vol. 6. Springer Nature, 2025.
ista: Jouberton A, Shaw T, Miles E, Kneib M, Fugger S, Buri P, McCarthy M, Kayumov
A, Navruzshoev H, Halimov A, Kabutov K, Homidov F, Pellicciotti F. 2025. Snowfall
decrease in recent years undermines glacier health and meltwater resources in
the Northwestern Pamirs. Communications Earth and Environment. 6, 691.
mla: Jouberton, Achille, et al. “Snowfall Decrease in Recent Years Undermines Glacier
Health and Meltwater Resources in the Northwestern Pamirs.” Communications
Earth and Environment, vol. 6, 691, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02611-8.
short: A. Jouberton, T. Shaw, E. Miles, M. Kneib, S. Fugger, P. Buri, M. McCarthy,
A. Kayumov, H. Navruzshoev, A. Halimov, K. Kabutov, F. Homidov, F. Pellicciotti,
Communications Earth and Environment 6 (2025).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-09-14T22:01:31Z
date_published: 2025-09-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-28T13:25:55Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.1038/s43247-025-02611-8
external_id:
isi:
- '001563848700001'
pmid:
- '40910036'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 62f9740c6cf564879006f4d97b58b608
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-09-15T08:16:09Z
date_updated: 2025-09-15T08:16:09Z
file_id: '20356'
file_name: 2025_CommEarthEnvir_Jouberton.pdf
file_size: 3840094
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-09-15T08:16:09Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 6'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: Communications Earth and Environment
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2662-4435
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- description: News on ISTA website
relation: press_release
url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/the-tipping-of-the-last-resilient-glaciers/
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Snowfall decrease in recent years undermines glacier health and meltwater resources
in the Northwestern Pamirs
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
volume: 6
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20480'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Recent studies have argued that air temperatures over many mountain glaciers
are decoupled from their surroundings, leading to a local cooling which could
slow down melting. Here we use a compilation of on-glacier meteorological observations
to assess the extent to which this relationship changes under warming. Statistical
modelling of the potential temperature decoupling of the world’s mountain glaciers
indicates that currently glacier boundary layers warm ~0.83 °C on average for
every degree of ambient temperature rise. Future projections under shared socioeconomic
pathway (SSP) climate scenarios SSP 2-4.5 and SSP 5-8.5 indicate that decoupling,
and thus relative cooling over glaciers, is maximized during the 2020s and 2030s,
before widespread glacier retreat acts to recouple above-glacier air temperatures
with its surroundings. This nonlinear feedback will lead to an increased sensitivity
to warming from midcentury, with glaciers losing their capacity to affect the
local climate and cool themselves.
acknowledgement: This work was funded by the EU Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Actions grant 101026058. T.E.S. also acknowledges funding from the EU Horizon 2020
Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 101034413. We acknowledge funding from
the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation programme grant agreement no. 772751, RAVEN, ‘Rapid mass losses of debris-covered
glaciers in High Mountain Asia’ and from the Swiss National Science Foundation (ASCENT
Project 189890). L.C. carried out work within the RETURN Extended Partnership and
received funding from the European Union Next-Generation EU (National Recovery and
Resilience Plan—NRRP, Mission 4, Component 2, Investment 1.3—D.D. 1243 2/8/2022,
PE0000005). We acknowledge the dedicated collection of field data and the kind provision
of data from many weather stations around the world (details, references and acknowledgements
in Supplementary Table 1). Open access funding provided by Institute of Science
and Technology (IST Austria).
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Shaw, Thomas
id: 3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e
last_name: Shaw
orcid: 0000-0001-7640-6152
- first_name: Evan S.
full_name: Miles, Evan S.
last_name: Miles
- first_name: Michael
full_name: McCarthy, Michael
id: 22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f
last_name: McCarthy
- first_name: Pascal
full_name: Buri, Pascal
last_name: Buri
- first_name: Nicolas
full_name: Guyennon, Nicolas
last_name: Guyennon
- first_name: Franco
full_name: Salerno, Franco
last_name: Salerno
- first_name: Luca
full_name: Carturan, Luca
last_name: Carturan
- first_name: Benjamin
full_name: Brock, Benjamin
last_name: Brock
- first_name: Francesca
full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
last_name: Pellicciotti
orcid: 0000-0002-5554-8087
citation:
ama: Shaw T, Miles ES, McCarthy M, et al. Mountain glaciers recouple to atmospheric
warming over the twenty-first century. Nature Climate Change. 2025;15:1212-1218.
doi:10.1038/s41558-025-02449-0
apa: Shaw, T., Miles, E. S., McCarthy, M., Buri, P., Guyennon, N., Salerno, F.,
… Pellicciotti, F. (2025). Mountain glaciers recouple to atmospheric warming over
the twenty-first century. Nature Climate Change. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02449-0
chicago: Shaw, Thomas, Evan S. Miles, Michael McCarthy, Pascal Buri, Nicolas Guyennon,
Franco Salerno, Luca Carturan, Benjamin Brock, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Mountain
Glaciers Recouple to Atmospheric Warming over the Twenty-First Century.” Nature
Climate Change. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02449-0.
ieee: T. Shaw et al., “Mountain glaciers recouple to atmospheric warming
over the twenty-first century,” Nature Climate Change, vol. 15. Springer
Nature, pp. 1212–1218, 2025.
ista: Shaw T, Miles ES, McCarthy M, Buri P, Guyennon N, Salerno F, Carturan L, Brock
B, Pellicciotti F. 2025. Mountain glaciers recouple to atmospheric warming over
the twenty-first century. Nature Climate Change. 15, 1212–1218.
mla: Shaw, Thomas, et al. “Mountain Glaciers Recouple to Atmospheric Warming over
the Twenty-First Century.” Nature Climate Change, vol. 15, Springer Nature,
2025, pp. 1212–18, doi:10.1038/s41558-025-02449-0.
short: T. Shaw, E.S. Miles, M. McCarthy, P. Buri, N. Guyennon, F. Salerno, L. Carturan,
B. Brock, F. Pellicciotti, Nature Climate Change 15 (2025) 1212–1218.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-10-16T13:12:49Z
date_published: 2025-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-01-05T13:36:23Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.1038/s41558-025-02449-0
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '001591762900001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 2d79c3fa263999a9f921496430b101e3
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2026-01-05T13:36:14Z
date_updated: 2026-01-05T13:36:14Z
file_id: '20955'
file_name: 2025_NatureClimateChange_Shaw.pdf
file_size: 2985402
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-01-05T13:36:14Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 15'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1212-1218
project:
- _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '101034413'
name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program'
publication: Nature Climate Change
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1758-6798
issn:
- 1758-678X
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Mountain glaciers recouple to atmospheric warming over the twenty-first century
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 15
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20546'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Rocky debris covers around 7.3 % of the global glacier area, influencing ice
melt rates and the surface mass balance of glaciers, making the dynamics and hydrology
of debris-covered glaciers distinct from those of clean-ice glaciers. Accurate
representation of debris in models is challenging, as measurements of the physical
properties and thickness of the supraglacial debris layer are scarce. Here, we
compile a database of measured and reported bulk physical properties and layer
thicknesses of supraglacial debris that we call the supraglacial Debris Database
(DebDaB) and that is open to community submissions. The majority of the database
(90 %) is compiled from 172 sources in the literature, and the remaining 10 %
was previously unpublished. DebDaB contains 8741 data entries for supraglacial
debris layer thickness, of which 1770 entries also include sub-debris ablation
rates, 179 thermal conductivity of debris, 160 aerodynamic surface roughness length,
79 debris albedo, 59 debris emissivity, and 37 debris porosity. The data are distributed
over 84 glaciers in 13 regions in the Global Terrestrial Network for Glaciers.
We show regional differences in the distribution of debris thickness measurements
in DebDaB and fit simplified Østrem curves to 19 glaciers with sufficient debris
thickness and ablation data. The data in DebDaB can be used for energy balance,
melt, and surface mass balance studies by incorporating site-specific debris properties
or for evaluation of remote sensing estimates of debris thickness and surface
roughness. They can also help future field campaigns on debris-covered glaciers
by identifying observation gaps. DebDaB's uneven spatial coverage points to sampling
biases in community efforts to observe debris-covered glaciers, with some regions
(e.g. central Europe and South Asia) well-sampled but others having gaps with
prevalent debris (e.g. the Andes and Alaska). Debris thickness measurements are
mostly concentrated at lower elevations, leaving higher-elevation debris-covered
areas undersampled and suggesting that our knowledge of debris properties might
not be representative of all elevations. The aims of DebDaB, as an openly available
dataset, are to evolve over time, to be updated, and to add to community submissions
as new data on supraglacial properties become available. The data described in
this paper can be accessed from Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14224835
(Groeneveld et al., 2025).
acknowledgement: "This work was supported by SNF project RENOIR (“Resolving the thickness
of debris on Earth’s glaciers and its rate of change”; grant no. 204322). This project
received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s
Horizon 2020 research and\r\ninnovation programme (grant no. 772751; RAVEN: “Rapid
mass losses of debris covered glaciers in High Mountain Asia”). The authors acknowledge
DCGWG of IACS for setting the stage and bringing together the debris-covered glacier
community to focus on broader needs transcending a specific research topic and for
starting the Zenodo community on debris-covered glaciers, where this database is
hosted. The authors thank Achim A. Beylich (topical editor), Ken\r\nMankoff (chief
editor), Morgan Jones (reviewer), and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive
feedback, comments, and discussions on the database and paper."
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Adrià
full_name: Fontrodona-Bach, Adrià
id: f06891fd-9f42-11ee-8632-a20971c43046
last_name: Fontrodona-Bach
- first_name: Lars
full_name: Groeneveld, Lars
last_name: Groeneveld
- first_name: Evan
full_name: Miles, Evan
last_name: Miles
- first_name: Michael
full_name: McCarthy, Michael
id: 22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f
last_name: McCarthy
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Shaw, Thomas
id: 3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e
last_name: Shaw
orcid: 0000-0001-7640-6152
- first_name: Juan Vicente
full_name: Melo Velasco, Juan Vicente
id: 2611dec0-b9c6-11ed-9bea-a81c2b17a549
last_name: Melo Velasco
- first_name: Francesca
full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
last_name: Pellicciotti
orcid: 0000-0002-5554-8087
citation:
ama: 'Fontrodona-Bach A, Groeneveld L, Miles E, et al. DebDaB: A database of supraglacial
debris thickness and physical properties. Earth System Science Data. 2025;17(8):4213-4234.
doi:10.5194/essd-17-4213-2025'
apa: 'Fontrodona-Bach, A., Groeneveld, L., Miles, E., McCarthy, M., Shaw, T., Melo
Velasco, J. V., & Pellicciotti, F. (2025). DebDaB: A database of supraglacial
debris thickness and physical properties. Earth System Science Data. Copernicus
Publications. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-4213-2025'
chicago: 'Fontrodona-Bach, Adrià, Lars Groeneveld, Evan Miles, Michael McCarthy,
Thomas Shaw, Juan Vicente Melo Velasco, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “DebDaB: A
Database of Supraglacial Debris Thickness and Physical Properties.” Earth
System Science Data. Copernicus Publications, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-4213-2025.'
ieee: 'A. Fontrodona-Bach et al., “DebDaB: A database of supraglacial debris
thickness and physical properties,” Earth System Science Data, vol. 17,
no. 8. Copernicus Publications, pp. 4213–4234, 2025.'
ista: 'Fontrodona-Bach A, Groeneveld L, Miles E, McCarthy M, Shaw T, Melo Velasco
JV, Pellicciotti F. 2025. DebDaB: A database of supraglacial debris thickness
and physical properties. Earth System Science Data. 17(8), 4213–4234.'
mla: 'Fontrodona-Bach, Adrià, et al. “DebDaB: A Database of Supraglacial Debris
Thickness and Physical Properties.” Earth System Science Data, vol. 17,
no. 8, Copernicus Publications, 2025, pp. 4213–34, doi:10.5194/essd-17-4213-2025.'
short: A. Fontrodona-Bach, L. Groeneveld, E. Miles, M. McCarthy, T. Shaw, J.V. Melo
Velasco, F. Pellicciotti, Earth System Science Data 17 (2025) 4213–4234.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-10-27T08:21:22Z
date_published: 2025-08-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-12-01T15:05:58Z
day: '29'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.5194/essd-17-4213-2025
external_id:
isi:
- '001560847000001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: f77ebb9825f374134a89e0e6311fe188
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-10-27T08:38:40Z
date_updated: 2025-10-27T08:38:40Z
file_id: '20548'
file_name: 2025_EarthSystemScienceData_FontrodonaBach.pdf
file_size: 3842196
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-10-27T08:38:40Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 17'
isi: 1
issue: '8'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 4213-4234
publication: Earth System Science Data
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1866-3516
publication_status: published
publisher: Copernicus Publications
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '20547'
relation: research_data
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'DebDaB: A database of supraglacial debris thickness and physical properties'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 17
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: gold
_id: '20547'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "DebdaB is a database of measured and reported physical properties and thickness
of supraglacial debris that is openly available and open to community submissions.\r\n\r\nThe
majority of the database (90%) is compiled from 172 sources in the literature,
and the remaining 10% has not been published before. DebDaB contains 8,286 data
entries for supraglacial debris thickness, of which 1,852 entries also include
sub-debris ablation rates, 167 data entries of thermal conductivity of debris,
157 of aerodynamic surface roughness length, 77 of debris albedo, 56 of debris
emissivity and 37 of debris porosity. The data are distributed over 83 glaciers
in 13 regions in the Global Terrestrial Network for Glaciers. "
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Lars
full_name: Groeneveld, Lars
last_name: Groeneveld
- first_name: Adrià
full_name: Fontrodona-Bach, Adrià
id: f06891fd-9f42-11ee-8632-a20971c43046
last_name: Fontrodona-Bach
- first_name: Evan
full_name: Miles, Evan
last_name: Miles
- first_name: Michael
full_name: McCarthy, Michael
id: 22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f
last_name: McCarthy
- first_name: Juan Vicente
full_name: Melo Velasco, Juan Vicente
id: 2611dec0-b9c6-11ed-9bea-a81c2b17a549
last_name: Melo Velasco
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Shaw, Thomas
id: 3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e
last_name: Shaw
orcid: 0000-0001-7640-6152
- first_name: Francesca
full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca
id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70
last_name: Pellicciotti
orcid: 0000-0002-5554-8087
- first_name: Andreas
full_name: Bauder, Andreas
last_name: Bauder
- first_name: Pascal
full_name: Buri, Pascal
last_name: Buri
- first_name: Marin
full_name: Kneib, Marin
last_name: Kneib
- first_name: Amit
full_name: Kumar, Amit
last_name: Kumar
- first_name: Aditya
full_name: Mishra, Aditya
last_name: Mishra
- first_name: lene
full_name: Petersen, lene
last_name: Petersen
- first_name: Roman
full_name: Renner, Roman
last_name: Renner
- first_name: Sandro
full_name: Schmid, Sandro
last_name: Schmid
citation:
ama: 'Groeneveld L, Fontrodona-Bach A, Miles E, et al. DebDaB: A database of supraglacial
debris thickness and physical properties. 2025. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.14224835'
apa: 'Groeneveld, L., Fontrodona-Bach, A., Miles, E., McCarthy, M., Melo Velasco,
J. V., Shaw, T., … Schmid, S. (2025). DebDaB: A database of supraglacial debris
thickness and physical properties. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14224835'
chicago: 'Groeneveld, Lars, Adrià Fontrodona-Bach, Evan Miles, Michael McCarthy,
Juan Vicente Melo Velasco, Thomas Shaw, Francesca Pellicciotti, et al. “DebDaB:
A Database of Supraglacial Debris Thickness and Physical Properties.” Zenodo,
2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14224835.'
ieee: 'L. Groeneveld et al., “DebDaB: A database of supraglacial debris thickness
and physical properties.” Zenodo, 2025.'
ista: 'Groeneveld L, Fontrodona-Bach A, Miles E, McCarthy M, Melo Velasco JV, Shaw
T, Pellicciotti F, Bauder A, Buri P, Kneib M, Kumar A, Mishra A, Petersen lene,
Renner R, Schmid S. 2025. DebDaB: A database of supraglacial debris thickness
and physical properties, Zenodo, 10.5281/ZENODO.14224835.'
mla: 'Groeneveld, Lars, et al. DebDaB: A Database of Supraglacial Debris Thickness
and Physical Properties. Zenodo, 2025, doi:10.5281/ZENODO.14224835.'
short: L. Groeneveld, A. Fontrodona-Bach, E. Miles, M. McCarthy, J.V. Melo Velasco,
T. Shaw, F. Pellicciotti, A. Bauder, P. Buri, M. Kneib, A. Kumar, A. Mishra, lene
Petersen, R. Renner, S. Schmid, (2025).
date_created: 2025-10-27T08:42:09Z
date_published: 2025-05-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-12-01T15:05:58Z
day: '16'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.5281/ZENODO.14224835
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15441000
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Zenodo
related_material:
record:
- id: '20546'
relation: used_in_publication
status: public
status: public
title: 'DebDaB: A database of supraglacial debris thickness and physical properties'
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20669'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Ice cliffs and supraglacial ponds are key drivers of mass loss on debris-covered
glaciers. However, the relationship between melt ponds and adjacent ice cliffs
has not been fully explored. We investigated the seasonal drainage patterns of
a melt pond on the debris-covered Zhuxi Glacier in southeast Tibet and estimated
the mass loss of its adjacent ice cliff during 2023-2024. Using hourly time-lapse
photogrammetry we built a series of high-resolution point clouds to quantify the
evolution of the ice cliff-pond system. Our findings indicate that subaerial melting
and undercutting were the primary mechanisms of ice cliff mass loss during summer.
In winter when the pond water level dropped, ice cliff calving became the dominant
mode of ice loss. As the water level rose in spring, calving and subaerial melting
occurred simultaneously and ice loss from calving accounted for approximately
19.5 % of total ice loss from February to July 2024. Our results reveal the transitional
state of this ice cliff-pond system, exhibiting characteristics of both melt hotspots
and lake-terminating calving fronts, and highlight the interplay between seasonal
drainage-refill pond and differing modes of ice loss on adjacent ice cliff. Future
research should focus on additional high-resolution monitoring of similar systems
and incorporation of ice cliff-pond dynamics in glacier-scale numerical models. '
acknowledgement: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation
of China (grant nos. 42271138, 42201144), Lhasa Science and Technology Plan Project
(LSKJ202406), the National Key R&D Program of China (grant nos. 2024YFF0808601),
and the Science and Technology Plan Projects of Tibet Autonomous Region (Grants
XZ202501ZY0081 and XZ202401ZY0003). ZH additionally acknowledges mobility funding
provided by China Scholarship Council (CSC), supporting an extended research stay
at the University of Plymouth, where much of this research was completed.
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Zhen
full_name: He, Zhen
last_name: He
- first_name: Matthew
full_name: Westoby, Matthew
last_name: Westoby
- first_name: Shaoting
full_name: Ren, Shaoting
id: 2066b6dd-2d54-11ef-8f8c-c94731161817
last_name: Ren
- first_name: Chuanxi
full_name: Zhao, Chuanxi
last_name: Zhao
- first_name: Yifei
full_name: He, Yifei
last_name: He
- first_name: Tianzhao
full_name: Zhang, Tianzhao
last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Wei
full_name: Yang, Wei
last_name: Yang
citation:
ama: He Z, Westoby M, REN S, et al. Quantifying the seasonal dynamics of a transitional
ice cliff-pond system on a debris-covered glacier. Journal of Glaciology.
2025. doi:10.1017/jog.2025.10104
apa: He, Z., Westoby, M., REN, S., Zhao, C., He, Y., Zhang, T., & Yang, W. (2025).
Quantifying the seasonal dynamics of a transitional ice cliff-pond system on a
debris-covered glacier. Journal of Glaciology. Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2025.10104
chicago: He, Zhen, Matthew Westoby, SHAOTING REN, Chuanxi Zhao, Yifei He, Tianzhao
Zhang, and Wei Yang. “Quantifying the Seasonal Dynamics of a Transitional Ice
Cliff-Pond System on a Debris-Covered Glacier.” Journal of Glaciology.
Cambridge University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2025.10104.
ieee: Z. He et al., “Quantifying the seasonal dynamics of a transitional
ice cliff-pond system on a debris-covered glacier,” Journal of Glaciology.
Cambridge University Press, 2025.
ista: He Z, Westoby M, REN S, Zhao C, He Y, Zhang T, Yang W. 2025. Quantifying the
seasonal dynamics of a transitional ice cliff-pond system on a debris-covered
glacier. Journal of Glaciology.
mla: He, Zhen, et al. “Quantifying the Seasonal Dynamics of a Transitional Ice Cliff-Pond
System on a Debris-Covered Glacier.” Journal of Glaciology, Cambridge University
Press, 2025, doi:10.1017/jog.2025.10104.
short: Z. He, M. Westoby, S. REN, C. Zhao, Y. He, T. Zhang, W. Yang, Journal of
Glaciology (2025).
date_created: 2025-11-23T23:01:40Z
date_published: 2025-11-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-06-18T18:24:59Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: FrPe
doi: 10.1017/jog.2025.10104
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2025.10104
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Journal of Glaciology
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1727-5652
issn:
- 0022-1430
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: Cambridge University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Quantifying the seasonal dynamics of a transitional ice cliff-pond system on
a debris-covered glacier
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2025'
...