@article{18554,
  abstract     = {We prove the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis for general Wigner-type matrices in the bulk of the self-consistent spectrum, with optimal control on the fluctuations for obs ervables of arbitrary rank. As the main technical ingredient, we prove rank-uniform optimal local laws for one and two resolvents of a Wigner-type matrix with regular observables. Our results hold under very general conditions on the variance profile, even allowing many vanishing entries, demonstrating that Eigenstate Thermalization occurs robustly across a diverse class of random matrix ensembles, for which the underlying quantum system has a non-trivial spatial structure.},
  author       = {Erdös, László and Riabov, Volodymyr},
  issn         = {1432-0916},
  journal      = {Communications in Mathematical Physics},
  number       = {12},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis for Wigner-type matrices}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00220-024-05143-y},
  volume       = {405},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{13975,
  abstract     = {We consider the spectrum of random Laplacian matrices of the form Ln=An−Dn where An
 is a real symmetric random matrix and Dn is a diagonal matrix whose entries are equal to the corresponding row sums of An. If An is a Wigner matrix with entries in the domain of attraction of a Gaussian distribution, the empirical spectral measure of Ln is known to converge to the free convolution of a semicircle distribution and a standard real Gaussian distribution. We consider real symmetric random matrices An with independent entries (up to symmetry) whose row sums converge to a purely non-Gaussian infinitely divisible distribution, which fall into the class of Lévy–Khintchine random matrices first introduced by Jung [Trans Am Math Soc, 370, (2018)]. Our main result shows that the empirical spectral measure of Ln  converges almost surely to a deterministic limit. A key step in the proof is to use the purely non-Gaussian nature of the row sums to build a random operator to which Ln converges in an appropriate sense. This operator leads to a recursive distributional equation uniquely describing the Stieltjes transform of the limiting empirical spectral measure.},
  author       = {Campbell, Andrew J and O’Rourke, Sean},
  issn         = {1572-9230},
  journal      = {Journal of Theoretical Probability},
  pages        = {933--973},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Spectrum of Lévy–Khintchine random laplacian matrices}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s10959-023-01275-4},
  volume       = {37},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{17281,
  abstract     = {We extend the free convolution of Brown measures of R-diagonal elements introduced by Kösters and Tikhomirov [ 28] to fractional powers. We then show how this fractional free convolution arises naturally when studying the roots of random polynomials with independent coefficients under repeated differentiation. When the proportion of derivatives to the degree approaches one, we establish central limit theorem-type behavior and discuss stable distributions.},
  author       = {Campbell, Andrew J and O'Rourke, Sean and Renfrew, David T},
  issn         = {1687-0247},
  journal      = {International Mathematics Research Notices},
  number       = {13},
  pages        = {10189--10218},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{The fractional free convolution of R-diagonal elements and random polynomials under repeated differentiation}},
  doi          = {10.1093/imrn/rnae062},
  volume       = {2024},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{14408,
  abstract     = {We prove that the mesoscopic linear statistics ∑if(na(σi−z0)) of the eigenvalues {σi}i of large n×n non-Hermitian random matrices with complex centred i.i.d. entries are asymptotically Gaussian for any H20-functions f around any point z0 in the bulk of the spectrum on any mesoscopic scale 0<a<1/2. This extends our previous result (Cipolloni et al. in Commun Pure Appl Math, 2019. arXiv:1912.04100), that was valid on the macroscopic scale, a=0
, to cover the entire mesoscopic regime. The main novelty is a local law for the product of resolvents for the Hermitization of X at spectral parameters z1,z2 with an improved error term in the entire mesoscopic regime |z1−z2|≫n−1/2. The proof is dynamical; it relies on a recursive tandem of the characteristic flow method and the Green function comparison idea combined with a separation of the unstable mode of the underlying stability operator.},
  author       = {Cipolloni, Giorgio and Erdös, László and Schröder, Dominik J},
  issn         = {1432-2064},
  journal      = {Probability Theory and Related Fields},
  pages        = {1131--1182},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Mesoscopic central limit theorem for non-Hermitian random matrices}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00440-023-01229-1},
  volume       = {188},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{17375,
  abstract     = {We consider the spectral radius of a large random matrix X with independent, identically distributed entries. We show that its typical size is given by a precise three-term asymptotics with an optimal error term beyond the radius of the celebrated circular law. The coefficients in this asymptotics are universal but they differ from a similar asymptotics recently proved for the rightmost eigenvalue of X in Cipolloni et al., Ann. Probab. 51(6), 2192–2242 (2023). To access the more complicated spectral radius, we need to establish a new decorrelation mechanism for the low-lying singular values of X − z for different complex shift parameters z using the Dyson Brownian Motion.},
  author       = {Cipolloni, Giorgio and Erdös, László and Xu, Yuanyuan},
  issn         = {0022-2488},
  journal      = {Journal of Mathematical Physics},
  number       = {6},
  publisher    = {AIP Publishing},
  title        = {{Precise asymptotics for the spectral radius of a large random matrix}},
  doi          = {10.1063/5.0209705},
  volume       = {65},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{15025,
  abstract     = {We consider quadratic forms of deterministic matrices A evaluated at the random eigenvectors of a large N×N GOE or GUE matrix, or equivalently evaluated at the columns of a Haar-orthogonal or Haar-unitary random matrix. We prove that, as long as the deterministic matrix has rank much smaller than √N, the distributions of the extrema of these quadratic forms are asymptotically the same as if the eigenvectors were independent Gaussians. This reduces the problem to Gaussian computations, which we carry out in several cases to illustrate our result, finding Gumbel or Weibull limiting distributions depending on the signature of A. Our result also naturally applies to the eigenvectors of any invariant ensemble.},
  author       = {Erdös, László and McKenna, Benjamin},
  issn         = {1050-5164},
  journal      = {Annals of Applied Probability},
  number       = {1B},
  pages        = {1623--1662},
  publisher    = {Institute of Mathematical Statistics},
  title        = {{Extremal statistics of quadratic forms of GOE/GUE eigenvectors}},
  doi          = {10.1214/23-AAP2000},
  volume       = {34},
  year         = {2024},
}

@phdthesis{17164,
  abstract     = {This thesis is structured into two parts. In the first part, we consider the random
variable X := Tr(f1(W)A1 . . . fk(W)Ak) where W is an N × N Hermitian Wigner matrix, k ∈ N, and we choose (possibly N-dependent) regular functions f1, . . . , fk as well as
bounded deterministic matrices A1, . . . , Ak. In this context, we prove a functional central
limit theorem on macroscopic and mesoscopic scales, showing that the fluctuations of X
around its expectation are Gaussian and that the limiting covariance structure is given
by a deterministic recursion. We further give explicit error bounds in terms of the scaling
of f1, . . . , fk and the number of traceless matrices among A1, . . . , Ak, thus extending
the results of Cipolloni, Erdős and Schröder [40] to products of arbitrary length k ≥ 2.
Analyzing the underlying combinatorics leads to a non-recursive formula for the variance
of X as well as the covariance of X and Y := Tr(fk+1(W)Ak+1 . . . fk+ℓ(W)Ak+ℓ) of similar
build. When restricted to polynomials, these formulas reproduce recent results of Male,
Mingo, Peché, and Speicher [107], showing that the underlying combinatorics of noncrossing partitions and annular non-crossing permutations continue to stay valid beyond
the setting of second-order free probability theory. As an application, we consider the
fluctuation of Tr(eitW A1e
−itW A2)/N around its thermal value Tr(A1) Tr(A2)/N2 when t
is large and give an explicit formula for the variance.
The second part of the thesis collects three smaller projects focusing on different random
matrix models. In the first project, we show that a class of weakly perturbed Hamiltonians
of the form Hλ = H0 + λW, where W is a Wigner matrix, exhibits prethermalization.
That is, the time evolution generated by Hλ relaxes to its ultimate thermal state via an
intermediate prethermal state with a lifetime of order λ
−2
. As the main result, we obtain
a general relaxation formula, expressing the perturbed dynamics via the unperturbed
dynamics and the ultimate thermal state. The proof relies on a two-resolvent global law
for the deformed Wigner matrix Hλ.
The second project focuses on correlated random matrices, more precisely on a correlated N × N Hermitian random matrix with a polynomially decaying metric correlation
structure. A trivial a priori bound shows that the operator norm of this model is stochastically dominated by √
N. However, by calculating the trace of the moments of the matrix
and using the summable decay of the cumulants, the norm estimate can be improved to a
bound of order one.
In the third project, we consider a multiplicative perturbation of the form UA(t) where U
is a unitary random matrix and A = diag(t, 1, ..., 1). This so-called UA model was
first introduced by Fyodorov [73] for its applications in scattering theory. We give a
general description of the eigenvalue trajectories obtained by varying the parameter t and
introduce a flow of deterministic domains that separates the outlier resulting from the
rank-one perturbation from the typical eigenvalues for all sub-critical timescales. The
results are obtained under generic assumptions on U that hold for various unitary random
matrices, including the circular unitary ensemble (CUE) in the original formulation of
the model.},
  author       = {Reker, Jana},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  keywords     = {Random Matrices, Spectrum, Central Limit Theorem, Resolvent, Free Probability},
  pages        = {206},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Central limit theorems for random matrices: From resolvents to free probability}},
  doi          = {10.15479/at:ista:17164},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{17049,
  abstract     = {We consider large non-Hermitian NxN matrices with an additive independent, identically distributed (i.i.d.) noise for each matrix elements. We show that already a small noise of variance 1/N completely thermalises the bulk singular vectors, in particular they satisfy the strong form of Quantum Unique Ergodicity (QUE) with an optimal speed of convergence. In physics terms, we thus extend the Eigenstate Thermalisation Hypothesis, formulated originally by Deutsch [34] and proven for Wigner matrices in [23], to arbitrary non-Hermitian matrices with an i.i.d. noise. As a consequence we obtain an optimal lower bound on the diagonal overlaps of the corresponding non-Hermitian eigenvectors. This quantity, also known as the (square of the) eigenvalue condition number measuring the sensitivity of the eigenvalue to small perturbations, has notoriously escaped rigorous treatment beyond the explicitly computable Ginibre ensemble apart from the very recent upper bounds given in [7] and [45]. As a key tool, we develop a new systematic decomposition of general observables in random matrix theory that governs the size of products of resolvents with deterministic matrices in between.},
  author       = {Cipolloni, Giorgio and Erdös, László and Henheik, Sven Joscha and Schröder, Dominik J},
  issn         = {1096-0783},
  journal      = {Journal of Functional Analysis},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Optimal lower bound on eigenvector overlaps for non-Hermitian random matrices}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.jfa.2024.110495},
  volume       = {287},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{15378,
  abstract     = {We consider N×N non-Hermitian random matrices of the form X+A, where A is a general deterministic matrix and N−−√X consists of independent entries with zero mean, unit variance, and bounded densities. For this ensemble, we prove (i) a Wegner estimate, i.e. that the local density of eigenvalues is bounded by N1+o(1) and (ii) that the expected condition number of any bulk eigenvalue is bounded by N1+o(1); both results are optimal up to the factor No(1). The latter result complements the very recent matching lower bound obtained in [15] (arXiv:2301.03549) and improves the N-dependence of the upper bounds in [5,6,32] (arXiv:1906.11819, arXiv:2005.08930, arXiv:2005.08908). Our main ingredient, a near-optimal lower tail estimate for the small singular values of X+A−z, is of independent interest.},
  author       = {Erdös, László and Ji, Hong Chang},
  issn         = {1097-0312},
  journal      = {Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics},
  number       = {9},
  pages        = {3785--3840},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{Wegner estimate and upper bound on the eigenvalue condition number of non-Hermitian random matrices}},
  doi          = {10.1002/cpa.22201},
  volume       = {77},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{18762,
  abstract     = {Consider the random variable $\mathrm{Tr}( f_1(W)A_1\dots f_k(W)A_k)$ where $W$ is an $N\times N$ Hermitian Wigner matrix, $k\in\mathbb{N}$, and choose (possibly $N$-dependent) regular functions $f_1,\dots, f_k$ as well as bounded deterministic matrices $A_1,\dots,A_k$. We give a functional central limit theorem showing that the fluctuations around the expectation are Gaussian. Moreover, we determine the limiting covariance structure and give explicit error bounds in terms of the scaling of $f_1,\dots,f_k$ and the number of traceless matrices among $A_1,\dots,A_k$, thus extending the results of [Cipolloni, Erdős, Schröder 2023] to products of arbitrary length $k\geq2$. As an application, we consider the fluctuation of $\mathrm{Tr}(\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i} tW}A_1\mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{i} tW}A_2)$ around its thermal value $\mathrm{Tr}(A_1)\mathrm{Tr}(A_2)$ when $t$ is large and give an explicit formula for the variance.},
  author       = {Reker, Jana},
  issn         = {1083-6489},
  journal      = {Electronic Journal of Probability},
  publisher    = {Institute of Mathematical Statistics},
  title        = {{Multi-point functional central limit theorem for Wigner matrices}},
  doi          = {10.1214/24-EJP1247},
  volume       = {29},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{17154,
  abstract     = {We compute the deterministic approximation for mixed fluctuation moments of products of deterministic matrices and general Sobolev functions of Wigner matrices. Restricting to polynomials, our formulas reproduce recent results of Male et al. (Random Matrices Theory Appl. 11(2):2250015, 2022), showing that the underlying combinatorics of non-crossing partitions and annular non-crossing permutations continue to stay valid beyond the setting of second-order free probability theory. The formulas obtained further characterize the variance in the functional central limit theorem given in the recent companion paper (Reker in Preprint, arXiv:2204.03419, 2023). and thus allow identifying the fluctuation around the thermal value in certain thermalization problems.},
  author       = {Reker, Jana},
  issn         = {1572-9656},
  journal      = {Mathematical Physics, Analysis and Geometry},
  number       = {3},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Fluctuation moments for regular functions of Wigner Matrices}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s11040-024-09483-y},
  volume       = {27},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{18656,
  abstract     = {We consider the time evolution of the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) of two general observables 
 and 
 in a mean field chaotic quantum system described by a random Wigner matrix as its Hamiltonian. We rigorously identify three time regimes separated by the physically relevant scrambling and relaxation times. The main feature of our analysis is that we express the error terms in the optimal Schatten (tracial) norms of the observables, allowing us to track the exact dependence of the errors on their rank. In particular, for significantly overlapping observables with low rank the OTOC is shown to exhibit a significant local maximum at the scrambling time, a feature that may not have been noticed in the physics literature before. Our main tool is a novel multi-resolvent local law with Schatten norms that unifies and improves previous local laws involving either the much cruder operator norm (cf. [10]) or the Hilbert-Schmidt norm (cf. [11]).},
  author       = {Cipolloni, Giorgio and Erdös, László and Henheik, Sven Joscha},
  issn         = {1095-0753},
  journal      = {Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics},
  number       = {6},
  pages        = {2025--2083},
  publisher    = {International Press of Boston},
  title        = {{Out-of-time-ordered correlators for Wigner matrices}},
  doi          = {10.4310/ATMP.241031013250},
  volume       = {28},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{17326,
  abstract     = {Magnetic fields in the stellar interiors are key candidates to explain observed core rotation rates inside solar-like stars along their evolution. Recently, asteroseismic estimates of radial magnetic field amplitudes near the hydrogen-burning shell (H-shell) inside about 24 red giants (RGs) have been obtained by measuring frequency splittings from their power spectra. Using general Lorentz-stress (magnetic) kernels, we investigated the potential for detectability of near-surface magnetism in a 1.3 M⊙ star of supersolar metallicity as it evolves from a mid subgiant to a late subgiant into an RG. Based on these sensitivity kernels, we decompose an RG into three zones—deep core, H-shell, and near-surface. The subgiants instead required decomposition into an inner core, an outer core, and a near-surface layer. Additionally, we find that for a low-frequency g-dominated dipolar mode in the presence of a typical stable magnetic field, ∼25% of the frequency shift comes from the H-shell and the remaining from deeper layers. The ratio of the subsurface tangential field to the radial field in the H-burning shell decides if subsurface fields may be potentially detectable. For p-dominated dipole modes close to vmax, this ratio is around two orders of magnitude smaller in subgiant phases than the corresponding RG. Further, with the availability of magnetic kernels, we propose lower limits of field strengths in crucial layers in our stellar model during its evolutionary phases. The theoretical prescription outlined here provides the first formal way to devise inverse problems for stellar magnetism and can be seamlessly employed for slow rotators.},
  author       = {Bhattacharya, Shatanik and Das, Srijan B and Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle and Panda, Subrata and Hanasoge, Shravan M.},
  issn         = {1538-4357},
  journal      = {Astrophysical Journal},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Detectability of axisymmetric magnetic fields from the core to the surface of oscillating post-main-sequence stars}},
  doi          = {10.3847/1538-4357/ad4708},
  volume       = {970},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{18172,
  abstract     = {Red Giant stars host solar-like oscillations which have mixed character, being sensitive to conditions both in the outer convection zone and deep within the interior. The properties of these modes are sensitive to both core rotation and magnetic fields. While asteroseismic studies of the former have been done on a large scale, studies of the latter are currently limited to tens of stars. We aim to produce the first large catalogue of both magnetic and rotational perturbations. We jointly constrain these parameters by devising an automated method for fitting the power spectra directly. We successfully apply the method to 302 low-luminosity red giants. We find a clear bimodality in core rotation rate. The primary peak is at δνrot = 0.32 μHz, and the secondary at δνrot = 0.47 μHz. Combining our results with literature values, we find that the percentage of stars rotating much more rapidly than the population average increases with evolutionary state. We measure magnetic splittings of 2σ significance in 23 stars. While the most extreme magnetic splitting values appear in stars with masses > 1.1M⊙, implying they formerly hosted a convective core, a small but statistically significant magnetic splitting is measured at lower masses. Asymmetry between the frequencies of a rotationally split multiplet has previously been used to diagnose the presence of a magnetic perturbation. We find that of the stars with a significant detection of magnetic perturbation, 43\% do not show strong asymmetry. We find no strong evidence of correlation between the rotation and magnetic parameters.},
  author       = {Hatt, Emily J. and Ong, J. M.Joel and Nielsen, Martin B. and Chaplin, William J. and Davies, Guy R. and Deheuvels, Sébastien and Ballot, Jérôme and Li, Gang and Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle},
  issn         = {1365-2966},
  journal      = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {1060--1076},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{Asteroseismic signatures of core magnetism and rotation in hundreds of low-luminosity red giants}},
  doi          = {10.1093/mnras/stae2053},
  volume       = {534},
  year         = {2024},
}

@misc{18967,
  abstract     = {Background: We identified small molecule tricyclic pyrone compound CP2 as a mild mitochondrial complex I (MCI) inhibitor that induces neuroprotection in multiple mouse models of AD. One of the major concerns while targeting mitochondria is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). CP2 consists of two diastereoisomers, D1 and D2, with distinct activity and toxicity profiles. This study was designed to understand how structure of D1 and D2 affects their binding to MCI and the consequential impact on ROS production.

Method: The X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) at global resolution of 3.25-3.27Å were employed to identify the molecular structure of D1 and D2 and the D1 binding to the isolated ovine MCI. The assessment of the MCI inhibition and the extent of ROS generation were done in isolated MCI and human neuroblastoma MC65 cells using flow cytometry, a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer, and the kinetic studies.

Result: In the closed conformation of MCI, D1 selectively binds to the deep Quinone-site (Qd) but not to the shallow Q-site (Qs), sharing the same binding pocket as rotenone. In the open MCI state, D1 exclusively binds to the Qs in contrast to rotenone, which binds Qd and Qs in both closed and open states. At the same concentrations, D1 inhibits respiration to a greater extent compared to D2 (5:1 ratio) and produces higher level of ROS.

Conclusion:Cryo-EM unambiguously identified binding of D1 to both the Qd and Qs sites, contingent upon the conformational state of MCI. In contrast to rotenone, D1 binds Qd only in the closed conformation during catalytic cycle, leading to mild inhibition. Superimposing X-ray crystallography data of D1 and D2 onto cryo-EM data suggests that the orientation of the methyl group in D2 induces a flatter conformation, resulting in lower binding affinity to MCI, which correlates with lower inhibition and toxicity compared to D1. At physiologically relevant concentrations, CP2 (D1:D2 = 1:1) demonstrates low MCI inhibition yielding negligible ROS levels. This observation provides new insight into the absence of toxicity associated with CP2 treatment in vivo, further highlighting feasibility for the development of safe and efficacious MCI inhibitors.},
  author       = {Petrova, Olga and Trushin, Sergey A and Nguyen, Thi Kim Oanh and Ostroot, Mark and Schellenberg, Matthew and Johnson, Graham and Trushina, Eugenia and Sazanov, Leonid A},
  booktitle    = {Alzheimer's & Dementia},
  issn         = {1552-5279},
  number       = {S6},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{Structure‐activity relationship study of neuroprotective complex I inhibitor CP2}},
  doi          = {10.1002/alz.085971},
  volume       = {20},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{18581,
  abstract     = {Background: Human induced pluripotent stem cells represent a scalable source of youthful tissue progenitors and secretomes for regenerative therapies. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential of conditioned medium (CM) from hiPSC-mesenchymal progenitors (hiPSC-MPs) to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). We also investigated whether prolonged cultivation or osteogenic pre-differentiation of hiPSC-MPs could enhance the stimulatory activity of CM.
Methods: MSCs were isolated from 13 donors (age 20–90 years). CM derived from hiPSC-MPs was added to the MSC cultures and the effects on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were examined after 14 days and 6 weeks. The stimulatory activity of hiPSC-MP-CM was compared with the activity of MSC-derived CM and with the activity of CM prepared from hiPSC-MPs pre-cultured in growth or osteogenic medium for 14 days. Comparative proteomic analysis of CM was performed to gain insight into the molecular components responsible for the stimulatory activity.
Results: Primary bone marrow-derived MSC exhibited variability, with a tendency towards lower proliferation and tri-lineage differentiation in older donors. hiPSC-MP-CM increased the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of MSC from several adult/aged donors after 14 days of continuous supplementation under osteogenic conditions. However, CM supplementation failed to improve the mineralization of MSC pellets after 6 weeks under osteogenic conditions. hiPSC-MP-CM showed greater enhancement of proliferation and ALP activity than CM derived from bone marrow-derived MSCs. Moreover, 14-day cultivation but not osteogenic pre-differentiation of hiPSC-MPs strongly enhanced CM stimulatory activity. Quantitative proteomic analysis of d14-CM revealed a distinct profile of components that formed a highly interconnected associations network with two clusters, one functionally associated with binding and organization of actin/cytoskeletal components and the other with structural constituents of the extracellular matrix, collagen, and growth factor binding. Several hub proteins were identified that were reported to have functions in cell-extracellular matrix interaction, osteogenic differentiation and development.
Conclusions: Our data show that hiPSC-MP-CM enhances early osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived MSCs and that prolonged cultivation of hiPSC-MPs enhances CM-stimulatory activity. Proteomic analysis of the upregulated protein components provides the basis for further optimization of hiPSC-MP-CM for bone regenerative therapies.},
  author       = {Marolt Presen, Darja and Goeschl, Vanessa and Hanetseder, Dominik and Ogrin, Laura and Stetco, Alexandra Larissa and Tansek, Anja and Pozenel, Laura and Bruszel, Bella and Mitulovic, Goran and Oesterreicher, Johannes and Zipperle, Johannes and Schaedl, Barbara and Holnthoner, Wolfgang and Grillari, Johannes and Redl, Heinz},
  issn         = {1757-6512},
  journal      = {Stem Cell Research and Therapy},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Prolonged cultivation enhances the stimulatory activity of hiPSC mesenchymal progenitor-derived conditioned medium}},
  doi          = {10.1186/s13287-024-03960-5},
  volume       = {15},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{18904,
  abstract     = {The Planetary Transits and Oscillations of stars mission (PLATO) will allow us to measure surface rotation and monitor photometric activity of tens of thousands of main sequence solar-type and subgiant stars. This paper is the first of a series dedicated to the preparation of the analysis of stellar surface rotation and photospheric activity with the near-future PLATO data. We describe in this work the strategy that will be implemented in the PLATO pipeline to measure stellar surface rotation, photometric activity, and long-term modulations. The algorithms are applied on both noise-free and noisy simulations of solar-type stars, which include activity cycles, latitudinal differential rotation, and spot evolution. PLATO simulated systematics are included in the noisy light curves. We show that surface rotation periods can be recovered with confidence for most of the stars with only six months of observations and that the recovery rate of the analysis significantly improves as additional observations are collected. This means that the first PLATO data release will already provide a substantial set of measurements for this quantity, with a significant refinement on their quality as the instrument obtains longer light curves. Measuring the Schwabe-like magnetic activity cycle during the mission will require that the same field be observed over a significant timescale (more than four years). Nevertheless, PLATO will provide a vast and robust sample of solar-type stars with constraints on the activity-cycle length. Such a sample is lacking from previous missions dedicated to space photometry.},
  author       = {Breton, S. N. and Lanza, A. F. and Messina, S. and Pagano, I. and Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle and Corsaro, E. and García, R. A. and Mathur, S. and Santos, A. R. G. and Aigrain, S. and Amard, L. and Brun, A. S. and Degott, L. and Noraz, Q. and Palakkatharappil, D. B. and Panetier, E. and Strugarek, A. and Belkacem, K. and Goupil, M.-J and Ouazzani, R. M. and Philidet, J. and Renié, C. and Roth, O.},
  issn         = {1432-0746},
  journal      = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
  publisher    = {EDP Sciences},
  title        = {{Measuring stellar surface rotation and activity with the PLATO mission. I. Strategy and application to simulated light curves}},
  doi          = {10.1051/0004-6361/202449893},
  volume       = {689},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{18306,
  abstract     = {Neutral sodium (Na i) is an alkali metal with a favorable absorption cross section such that tenuous gases are easily illuminated at select transiting exoplanet systems. We examine both the time-averaged and time-series alkali spectral flux individually, over 4 nights at a hot Saturn system on a ∼2.8 day orbit about a Sun-like star WASP-49 A. Very Large Telescope/ESPRESSO observations are analyzed, providing new constraints. We recover the previously confirmed residual sodium flux uniquely when averaged, whereas night-to-night Na i varies by more than an order of magnitude. On HARPS/3.6 m Epoch II, we report a Doppler redshift at vΓ,NaD = + 9.7 ± 1.6 km s−1 with respect to the planet's rest frame. Upon examining the lightcurves, we confirm night-to-night variability, on the order of ∼1%–4% in NaD, rarely coinciding with exoplanet transit, not readily explained by stellar activity, starspots, tellurics, or the interstellar medium. Coincident with the ∼+10 km s−1 Doppler redshift, we detect a transient sodium absorption event dFNaD/F⋆ = 3.6% ± 1% at a relative difference of ΔFNaD(t) ∼ 4.4% ± 1%, lasting ΔtNaD ≳ 40 minutes. Since exoplanetary alkali signatures are blueshifted due to the natural vector of radiation pressure, estimated here at roughly ∼−5.7 km s−1, the radial velocity is rather at +15.4 km s−1, far larger than any known exoplanet system. Given that the redshift magnitude vΓ is in between the Roche limit and dynamically stable satellite orbits, the transient sodium may be a putative indication of a natural satellite orbiting WASP-49 A b.},
  author       = {Oza, Apurva V. and Seidel, Julia V. and Hoeijmakers, H. Jens and Unni, Athira and Kesseli, Aurora Y. and Schmidt, Carl A. and Sivarani, Thirupathi and Bello-Arufe, Aaron and Gebek, Andrea and Meyer Zu Westram, Moritz and Sousa, Sérgio G. and Lopes, Rosaly M.C. and Hu, Renyu and De Kleer, Katherine and Fisher, Chloe and Charnoz, Sébastien and Baker, Ashley D. and Halverson, Samuel P. and Schneider, Nick M. and Psaridi, Angelica and Wyttenbach, Aurélien and Torres Rodriguez, Santiago and Bhatnagar, Ishita and Johnson, Robert E.},
  issn         = {2041-8213},
  journal      = {Astrophysical Journal Letters},
  number       = {2},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Redshifted sodium transient near exoplanet transit}},
  doi          = {10.3847/2041-8213/ad6b29},
  volume       = {973},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{18528,
  abstract     = {The recent measurement of magnetic field strength inside the radiative interior of red giant stars has opened the way toward full 3D characterization of the geometry of stable large-scale magnetic fields. However, current measurements, which are limited to dipolar (ℓ = 1) mixed modes, do not properly constrain the topology of magnetic fields due to degeneracies on the observed magnetic field signature on such ℓ = 1 mode frequencies. Efforts focused toward unambiguous detections of magnetic field configurations are now key to better understand angular momentum transport in stars. We investigated the detectability of complex magnetic field topologies (such as the ones observed at the surface of stars with a radiative envelope with spectropolarimetry) inside the radiative interior of red giants. We focused on a field composed of a combination of a dipole and a quadrupole (quadrudipole) and on an offset field. We explored the potential of probing such magnetic field topologies from a combined measurement of magnetic signatures on ℓ = 1 and quadrupolar (ℓ = 2) mixed mode oscillation frequencies. We first derived the asymptotic theoretical formalism for computing the asymmetric signature in the frequency pattern for ℓ = 2 modes due to a quadrudipole magnetic field. To access asymmetry parameters for more complex magnetic field topologies, we numerically performed a grid search over the parameter space to map the degeneracy of the signatures of given topologies. We demonstrate the crucial role played by ℓ = 2 mixed modes in accessing internal magnetic fields with a quadrupolar component. The degeneracy of the quadrudipole compared to pure dipolar fields is lifted when considering magnetic asymmetries in both ℓ = 1 and ℓ = 2 mode frequencies. In addition to the analytical derivation for the quadrudipole, we present the prospect for complex magnetic field inversions using magnetic sensitivity kernels from standard perturbation analysis for forward modeling. Using this method, we explored the detectability of offset magnetic fields from ℓ = 1 and ℓ = 2 frequencies and demonstrate that offset fields may be mistaken for weak and centered magnetic fields, resulting in underestimating the magnetic field strength in stellar cores. We emphasize the need to characterize ℓ = 2 mixed-mode frequencies, (along with the currently characterized ℓ = 1 mixed modes), to unveil the higher-order components of the geometry of buried magnetic fields and to better constrain angular momentum transport inside stars.},
  author       = {Das, Srijan B and Einramhof, Lukas and Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle},
  issn         = {1432-0746},
  journal      = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
  publisher    = {EDP Sciences},
  title        = {{Unveiling complex magnetic field configurations in red giant stars}},
  doi          = {10.1051/0004-6361/202450918},
  volume       = {690},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{15335,
  abstract     = {Stable matching of neurotransmitters with their receptors is fundamental to synapse function and reliable communication in neural circuits. Presynaptic neurotransmitters regulate the stabilization of postsynaptic transmitter receptors. Whether postsynaptic receptors regulate stabilization of presynaptic transmitters has received less attention. Here, we show that blockade of endogenous postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) at the neuromuscular junction destabilizes the cholinergic phenotype in motor neurons and stabilizes an earlier, developmentally transient glutamatergic phenotype. Further, expression of exogenous postsynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAA receptors) in muscle cells stabilizes an earlier, developmentally transient GABAergic motor neuron phenotype. Both AChR and GABAA receptors are linked to presynaptic neurons through transsynaptic bridges. Knockdown of specific components of these transsynaptic bridges prevents stabilization of the cholinergic or GABAergic phenotypes. Bidirectional communication can enforce a match between transmitter and receptor and ensure the fidelity of synaptic transmission. Our findings suggest a potential role of dysfunctional transmitter receptors in neurological disorders that involve the loss of the presynaptic transmitter.},
  author       = {Godavarthi, Swetha K. and Hiramoto, Masaki and Ignatyev, Yuri and Levin, Jacqueline B. and Li, Hui Quan and Pratelli, Marta and Borchardt, Jennifer and Czajkowski, Cynthia and Borodinsky, Laura N. and Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger and Cline, Hollis T. and Spitzer, Nicholas C.},
  issn         = {1091-6490},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  number       = {15},
  publisher    = {National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{Postsynaptic receptors regulate presynaptic transmitter stability through transsynaptic bridges}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.2318041121},
  volume       = {121},
  year         = {2024},
}