@article{15269, abstract = {We study different aspects of quantum field theory at finite density using methods from quantum information theory. For simplicity we focus on massive Dirac fermions with nonzero chemical potential, and work in 1 + 1 space-time dimensions. Using the entanglement entropy on an interval, we construct an entropic c-function that is finite. Unlike what happens in Lorentz-invariant theories, this c-function exhibits a strong violation of monotonicity; it also encodes the creation of long-range entanglement from the Fermi surface. Motivated by previous works on lattice models, we next calculate numerically the Renyi entropies and find Friedel-type oscillations; these are understood in terms of a defect operator product expansion. Furthermore, we consider the mutual information as a measure of correlation functions between different regions. Using a long-distance expansion previously developed by Cardy, we argue that the mutual information detects Fermi surface correlations already at leading order in the expansion. We also analyze the relative entropy and its Renyi generalizations in order to distinguish states with different charge and/or mass. In particular, we show that states in different superselection sectors give rise to a super-extensive behavior in the relative entropy. Finally, we discuss possible extensions to interacting theories, and argue for the relevance of some of these measures for probing non-Fermi liquids.}, author = {Daguerre, Lucas and Medina Ramos, Raimel A and Solís, Mario and Torroba, Gonzalo}, issn = {1029-8479}, journal = {Journal of High Energy Physics}, keywords = {Nuclear and High Energy Physics}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Aspects of quantum information in finite density field theory}}, doi = {10.1007/jhep03(2021)079}, volume = {2021}, year = {2021}, } @article{15270, abstract = {Various toxic compounds disrupt bacterial physiology. While bacteria harbor defense mechanisms to mitigate the toxicity, these mechanisms are often coupled to the physiological state of the cells and become ineffective when the physiology is severely disrupted.}, author = {Le, Dai and Krasnopeeva, Ekaterina and Sinjab, Faris and Pilizota, Teuta and Kim, Minsu}, issn = {2150-7511}, journal = {mBio}, keywords = {Virology, Microbiology}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Society for Microbiology}, title = {{Active efflux leads to heterogeneous dissipation of proton motive force by protonophores in bacteria}}, doi = {10.1128/mbio.00676-21}, volume = {12}, year = {2021}, } @article{15271, abstract = {We settle the complexity of the (∆ + 1)-coloring and (∆ + 1)-list coloring problems intheCONGESTED CLIQUEmodel by presenting a simpledeterministicalgorithm for both problemsrunning in a constant number of rounds. This matches the complexity of the recent breakthroughrandomizedconstant-round (∆ + 1)-list coloring algorithm due to Chang et al. [Proceedings of the38th ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, 2019] and significantly improvesupon the state-of-the-artO(log ∆)-round deterministic (∆ + 1)-coloring bound of Parter [Proceed-ings of the 45th Annual International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming]. Aremarkable property of our algorithm is its simplicity. Whereas the state-of-the-artrandomizedal-gorithms for this problem are based on the quite involved local coloring algorithm of Chang, Li, andPettie [Proceedings of the 50th Annual ACM SIGACT Symposium on Theory of Computing, 2018],our algorithm can be described in just a few lines. At a high level, it applies a careful derandomiza-tion of a recursive procedure which partitions the nodes and their respective palettes into separatebins. We show that afterO(1) recursion steps, the remaining uncolored subgraph within each bin haslinear size and thus can be solved locally by collecting it to a single node. This algorithm can alsobe implemented in the massively parallel computation (MPC) model provided that each machine haslinear (inn, the number of nodes in the input graph) space. We also show an extension of our algo-rithm to theMPCregime, in which machines havesublinearspace: we present the first deterministic(∆ + 1)-list coloring algorithm designed for sublinear-spaceMPC, which runs inO(log ∆ + log logn)rounds.}, author = {Czumaj, Artur and Davies, Peter and Parter, Merav}, issn = {1095-7111}, journal = {SIAM Journal on Computing}, keywords = {General Mathematics, General Computer Science}, number = {5}, pages = {1603--1626}, publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics}, title = {{Simple, deterministic, constant-round coloring in congested clique and MPC}}, doi = {10.1137/20m1366502}, volume = {50}, year = {2021}, } @article{15272, abstract = {The assembly of neuronal circuits involves the migrations of neurons from their place of birth to their final location in the nervous system, as well as the coordinated growth and patterning of axons and dendrites. In screens for genes required for patterning of the nervous system, we identified the catp-8/P5A-ATPase as an important regulator of neural patterning. P5A-ATPases are part of the P-type ATPases, a family of proteins known to serve a conserved function as transporters of ions, lipids and polyamines in unicellular eukaryotes, plants, and humans. While the function of many P-type ATPases is relatively well understood, the function of P5A-ATPases in metazoans remained elusive. We show here, that the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog catp-8/P5A-ATPase is required for defined aspects of nervous system development. Specifically, the catp-8/P5A-ATPase serves functions in shaping the elaborately sculpted dendritic trees of somatosensory PVD neurons. Moreover, catp-8/P5A-ATPase is required for axonal guidance and repulsion at the midline, as well as embryonic and postembryonic neuronal migrations. Interestingly, not all axons at the midline require catp-8/P5A-ATPase, although the axons run in the same fascicles and navigate the same space. Similarly, not all neuronal migrations require catp-8/P5A-ATPase. A CATP-8/P5A-ATPase reporter is localized to the ER in most, if not all, tissues and catp-8/P5A-ATPase can function both cell-autonomously and non-autonomously to regulate neuronal development. Genetic analyses establish that catp-8/P5A-ATPase can function in multiple pathways, including the Menorin pathway, previously shown to control dendritic patterning in PVD, and Wnt signaling, which functions to control neuronal migrations. Lastly, we show that catp-8/P5A-ATPase is required for localizing select transmembrane proteins necessary for dendrite morphogenesis. Collectively, our studies suggest that catp-8/P5A-ATPase serves diverse, yet specific, roles in different genetic pathways and may be involved in the regulation or localization of transmembrane and secreted proteins to specific subcellular compartments.}, author = {Tang, Leo T. H. and Trivedi, Meera and Freund, Jenna and Salazar, Christopher J. and Rahman, Maisha and Ramirez, Nelson and Lee, Garrett and Wang, Yu and Grant, Barth D. and Bülow, Hannes E.}, issn = {1553-7404}, journal = {PLOS Genetics}, keywords = {Cancer Research, Genetics (clinical), Genetics, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics}, number = {7}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, title = {{The CATP-8/P5A-type ATPase functions in multiple pathways during neuronal patterning}}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1009475}, volume = {17}, year = {2021}, } @article{15273, abstract = {Synapses of glutamatergic mossy fibers (MFs) onto cerebellar unipolar brush cells (UBCs) generate slow excitatory (ON) or inhibitory (OFF) postsynaptic responses dependent on the complement of glutamate receptors expressed on the UBC’s large dendritic brush. Using mouse brain slice recording and computational modeling of synaptic transmission, we found that substantial glutamate is maintained in the UBC synaptic cleft, sufficient to modify spontaneous firing in OFF UBCs and tonically desensitize AMPARs of ON UBCs. The source of this ambient glutamate was spontaneous, spike-independent exocytosis from the MF terminal, and its level was dependent on activity of glutamate transporters EAAT1–2. Increasing levels of ambient glutamate shifted the polarity of evoked synaptic responses in ON UBCs and altered the phase of responses to in vivo-like synaptic activity. Unlike classical fast synapses, receptors at the UBC synapse are virtually always exposed to a significant level of glutamate, which varies in a graded manner during transmission.}, author = {Balmer, Timothy S and Borges Merjane, Carolina and Trussell, Laurence O}, issn = {2050-084X}, journal = {eLife}, keywords = {General Immunology and Microbiology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Medicine, General Neuroscience}, publisher = {eLife Sciences Publications}, title = {{Incomplete removal of extracellular glutamate controls synaptic transmission and integration at a cerebellar synapse}}, doi = {10.7554/elife.63819}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, } @article{15274, abstract = {Copper (Cu) is a redox-active micronutrient that is both essential and toxic. Its cellular homeostasis is critical for supporting cuproprotein maturation while avoiding excessive oxidative stress. The Cu importer CcoA is the prototype of the widespread CalT subfamily of the MFS-type transporters. Hence, understanding its molecular mechanism of function is significant. Here, we show that CcoA undergoes a thiol:disulfide oxidoreduction cycle, which is important for its Cu import activity.}, author = {Khalfaoui-Hassani, Bahia and Trasnea, Petru Iulian and Steimle, Stefan and Koch, Hans-Georg and Daldal, Fevzi}, issn = {2150-7511}, journal = {mBio}, keywords = {Virology, Microbiology}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Society for Microbiology}, title = {{Cysteine mutants of the major facilitator superfamily-type transporter CcoA provide insight into copper import}}, doi = {10.1128/mbio.01567-21}, volume = {12}, year = {2021}, } @article{15275, abstract = {In 1916, Schur introduced the Ramsey number r(3; m), which is the minimum integer n > 1 such that for any m-coloring of the edges of the complete graph Kn, there is a monochromatic copy of K3. He showed that r(3; m) ≤ O(m!), and a simple construction demonstrates that r(3; m) ≥ 2Ω(m). An old conjecture of Erdős states that r(3; m) = 2Θ(m). In this note, we prove the conjecture for m-colorings with bounded VC-dimension, that is, for m-colorings with the property that the set system induced by the neighborhoods of the vertices with respect to each color class has bounded VC-dimension.}, author = {Fox, Jacob and Pach, János and Suk, Andrew}, issn = {1439-6912}, journal = {Combinatorica}, keywords = {Computational Mathematics, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics}, number = {6}, pages = {803--813}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Bounded VC-dimension implies the Schur-Erdős conjecture}}, doi = {10.1007/s00493-021-4530-9}, volume = {41}, year = {2021}, } @article{15276, abstract = {Biotrophic plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to manipulate the host physiology. Effectors suppress defenses and induce an environment favorable to disease development. Sequence-based prediction of effector function is impeded by their rapid evolution rate. In the maize pathogen Ustilago maydis, effector-coding genes frequently organize in clusters. Here we describe the functional characterization of the pleiades, a cluster of ten effector genes, by analyzing the micro- and macroscopic phenotype of the cluster deletion and expressing these proteins in planta. Deletion of the pleiades leads to strongly impaired virulence and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in infected tissue. Eight of the Pleiades suppress the production of ROS upon perception of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Although functionally redundant, the Pleiades target different host components. The paralogs Taygeta1 and Merope1 suppress ROS production in either the cytoplasm or nucleus, respectively. Merope1 targets and promotes the auto-ubiquitination activity of RFI2, a conserved family of E3 ligases that regulates the production of PAMP-triggered ROS burst in plants.}, author = {Navarrete, Fernando and Grujic, Nenad and Stirnberg, Alexandra and Saado, Indira and Aleksza, David and Gallei, Michelle C and Adi, Hazem and Alcântara, André and Khan, Mamoona and Bindics, Janos and Trujillo, Marco and Djamei, Armin}, issn = {1553-7374}, journal = {PLOS Pathogens}, keywords = {Virology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Immunology, Microbiology, Parasitology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, title = {{The Pleiades are a cluster of fungal effectors that inhibit host defenses}}, doi = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1009641}, volume = {17}, year = {2021}, } @article{15277, abstract = {Alternative splicing generates multiple transcript and protein isoforms from a single gene and controls transcript intracellular localization and stability by coupling to mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). RNA interference (RNAi) is a potent mechanism to modulate gene expression. However, its interactions with alternative splicing are poorly understood. We used artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs, also termed shRNAmiR) to knockdown all splice variants of selected target genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that splice variants, which vary by their protein-coding capacity, subcellular localization and sensitivity to NMD, are affected differentially by an amiRNA, although all of them contain the target site. Particular transcript isoforms escape amiRNA-mediated degradation due to their nuclear localization. The nuclear and NMD-sensitive isoforms mask RNAi action in alternatively spliced genes. Interestingly, Arabidopsis SPL genes, which undergo alternative splicing and are targets of miR156, are regulated in the same manner. Moreover, similar results were obtained in mammalian cells using siRNAs, indicating cross-kingdom conservation of these interactions among RNAi and splicing isoforms. Furthermore, we report that amiRNA can trigger artificial alternative splicing, thus expanding the RNAi functional repertoire. Our findings unveil novel interactions between different post-transcriptional processes in defining transcript fates and regulating gene expression.}, author = {Fuchs, Armin and Riegler, Stefan and Ayatollahi, Zahra and Cavallari, Nicola and Giono, Luciana E and Nimeth, Barbara A and Mutanwad, Krishna V and Schweighofer, Alois and Lucyshyn, Doris and Barta, Andrea and Petrillo, Ezequiel and Kalyna, Maria}, issn = {1362-4962}, journal = {Nucleic Acids Research}, keywords = {Genetics}, number = {2}, pages = {1133--1151}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{Targeting alternative splicing by RNAi: From the differential impact on splice variants to triggering artificial pre-mRNA splicing}}, doi = {10.1093/nar/gkaa1260}, volume = {49}, year = {2021}, } @article{15278, abstract = {‘Dysbiosis’ of the adult gut microbiota, in response to challenges such as infection, altered diet, stress, and antibiotics treatment has been recently linked to pathological alteration of brain function and behavior. Moreover, gut microbiota composition constantly controls microglia maturation, as revealed by morphological observations and gene expression analysis. However, it is unclear whether microglia functional properties and crosstalk with neurons, known to shape and modulate synaptic development and function, are influenced by the gut microbiota. Here, we investigated how antibiotic-mediated alteration of the gut microbiota influences microglial and neuronal functions in adult mice hippocampus. Hippocampal microglia from adult mice treated with oral antibiotics exhibited increased microglia density, altered basal patrolling activity, and impaired process rearrangement in response to damage. Patch clamp recordings at CA3-CA1 synapses revealed that antibiotics treatment alters neuronal functions, reducing spontaneous postsynaptic glutamatergic currents and decreasing synaptic connectivity, without reducing dendritic spines density. Antibiotics treatment was unable to modulate synaptic function in CX3CR1-deficient mice, pointing to an involvement of microglia–neuron crosstalk through the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in the effect of dysbiosis on neuronal functions. Together, our findings show that antibiotic alteration of gut microbiota impairs synaptic efficacy, suggesting that CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling supporting microglia is a major player in in the gut–brain axis, and in particular in the gut microbiota-to-neuron communication pathway.}, author = {Cordella, Federica and Sanchini, Caterina and Rosito, Maria and Ferrucci, Laura and Pediconi, Natalia and Cortese, Barbara and Guerrieri, Francesca and Pascucci, Giuseppe Rubens and Antonangeli, Fabrizio and Peruzzi, Giovanna and Giubettini, Maria and Basilico, Bernadette and Pagani, Francesca and Grimaldi, Alfonso and D’Alessandro, Giuseppina and Limatola, Cristina and Ragozzino, Davide and Di Angelantonio, Silvia}, issn = {2073-4409}, journal = {Cells}, keywords = {General Medicine}, number = {10}, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {{Antibiotics treatment modulates microglia–synapses interaction}}, doi = {10.3390/cells10102648}, volume = {10}, year = {2021}, } @article{15279, abstract = {We formulate and prove an analog of Poonen’s finite-field Bertini theorem with Taylor conditions that holds in the Grothendieck ring of varieties. This gives a broad generalization of the work of Vakil and Wood, who treated the case of smooth hypersurface sections, and is made possible by the use of motivic Euler products to write down candidate motivic probabilities. As applications, we give motivic analogs of many results in arithmetic statistics that have been proven using Poonen’s sieve, including work of Bucur and Kedlaya on complete intersections and Erman and Wood on semiample Bertini theorems.}, author = {Bilu, Margaret and Howe, Sean}, issn = {1944-7833}, journal = {Algebra & Number Theory}, keywords = {Algebra and Number Theory}, number = {9}, pages = {2195--2259}, publisher = {Mathematical Sciences Publishers}, title = {{Motivic Euler products in motivic statistics}}, doi = {10.2140/ant.2021.15.2195}, volume = {15}, year = {2021}, } @inproceedings{15280, author = {Balazs, Daniel and Cimada da Silva, Jessica and Dunbar, Tyler and Ibáñez, Maria and Hanrath, Tobias}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Internet NanoGe Conference on Nanocrystals}, location = {Virtual}, publisher = {Fundació Scito}, title = {{Controlled reactive assembly of colloidal nanocrystal superlattices: Mechanism and kinetics}}, doi = {10.29363/nanoge.incnc.2021.050}, year = {2021}, } @article{15283, author = {Nicolas, William and Fäßler, Florian and Meyerowitz, Elliot and Jensen, Grant}, issn = {1435-8115}, journal = {Microscopy and Microanalysis}, keywords = {Instrumentation}, number = {S1}, pages = {3024--3026}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{Peaking into the plant cell wall using cryo-FIB milling and electron cryo-tomography}}, doi = {10.1017/s1431927621010503}, volume = {27}, year = {2021}, } @misc{15284, abstract = {RevTerm is a static analysis tool for proving non-termination of integer C programs (possibly with non-determinism). RevTerm is an implementation of our method for non-termination proving presented in the paper “Proving Non-termination by Program Reversal”. }, author = {Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Goharshady, Ehsan Kafshdar and Novotný, Petr and Zikelic, Dorde}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {{RevTerm}}, doi = {10.1145/3410304}, year = {2021}, } @article{15285, abstract = {Ever since the first publication of the standard communication protocol for computer-assisted electrocardiography (SCP-ECG), prENV 1064, in 1993, by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), SCP-ECG has become a leading example in health informatics, enabling open, secure, and well-documented digital data exchange at a low cost, for quick and efficient cardiovascular disease detection and management. Based on the experiences gained, since the 1970s, in computerized electrocardiology, and on the results achieved by the pioneering, international cooperative research on common standards for quantitative electrocardiography (CSE), SCP-ECG was designed, from the beginning, to empower personalized medicine, thanks to serial ECG analysis. The fundamental concept behind SCP-ECG is to convey the necessary information for ECG re-analysis, serial comparison, and interpretation, and to structure the ECG data and metadata in sections that are mostly optional in order to fit all use cases. SCP-ECG is open to the storage of the ECG signal and ECG measurement data, whatever the ECG recording modality or computation method, and can store the over-reading trails and ECG annotations, as well as any computerized or medical interpretation reports. Only the encoding syntax and the semantics of the ECG descriptors and of the diagnosis codes are standardized. We present all of the landmarks in the development and publication of SCP-ECG, from the early 1990s to the 2009 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) SCP-ECG standards, including the latest version published by CEN in 2020, which now encompasses rest and stress ECGs, Holter recordings, and protocol-based trials.}, author = {Rubel, Paul and Fayn, Jocelyne and Macfarlane, Peter W. and Pani, Danilo and Schlögl, Alois and Värri, Alpo}, issn = {2673-3846}, journal = {Hearts}, keywords = {General Medicine}, number = {3}, pages = {384--409}, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {{The history and challenges of SCP-ECG: The standard communication protocol for computer-assisted electrocardiography}}, doi = {10.3390/hearts2030031}, volume = {2}, year = {2021}, } @inproceedings{10552, abstract = {We study a class of convex-concave saddle-point problems of the form minxmaxy⟨Kx,y⟩+fP(x)−h∗(y) where K is a linear operator, fP is the sum of a convex function f with a Lipschitz-continuous gradient and the indicator function of a bounded convex polytope P, and h∗ is a convex (possibly nonsmooth) function. Such problem arises, for example, as a Lagrangian relaxation of various discrete optimization problems. Our main assumptions are the existence of an efficient linear minimization oracle (lmo) for fP and an efficient proximal map for h∗ which motivate the solution via a blend of proximal primal-dual algorithms and Frank-Wolfe algorithms. In case h∗ is the indicator function of a linear constraint and function f is quadratic, we show a O(1/n2) convergence rate on the dual objective, requiring O(nlogn) calls of lmo. If the problem comes from the constrained optimization problem minx∈Rd{fP(x)|Ax−b=0} then we additionally get bound O(1/n2) both on the primal gap and on the infeasibility gap. In the most general case, we show a O(1/n) convergence rate of the primal-dual gap again requiring O(nlogn) calls of lmo. To the best of our knowledge, this improves on the known convergence rates for the considered class of saddle-point problems. We show applications to labeling problems frequently appearing in machine learning and computer vision.}, author = {Kolmogorov, Vladimir and Pock, Thomas}, booktitle = {38th International Conference on Machine Learning}, location = {Virtual}, title = {{One-sided Frank-Wolfe algorithms for saddle problems}}, year = {2021}, } @inproceedings{10553, abstract = {The popularity of permissioned blockchain systems demands BFT SMR protocols that are efficient under good network conditions (synchrony) and robust under bad network conditions (asynchrony). The state-of-the-art partially synchronous BFT SMR protocols provide optimal linear communication cost per decision under synchrony and good leaders, but lose liveness under asynchrony. On the other hand, the state-of-the-art asynchronous BFT SMR protocols are live even under asynchrony, but always pay quadratic cost even under synchrony. In this paper, we propose a BFT SMR protocol that achieves the best of both worlds -- optimal linear cost per decision under good networks and leaders, optimal quadratic cost per decision under bad networks, and remains always live.}, author = {Gelashvili, Rati and Kokoris Kogias, Eleftherios and Spiegelman, Alexander and Xiang, Zhuolun}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing}, isbn = {9-781-4503-8548-0}, keywords = {optimal, state machine replication, fallback, asynchrony, byzantine faults}, location = {Virtual, Italy}, pages = {187--190}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {{Brief announcement: Be prepared when network goes bad: An asynchronous view-change protocol}}, doi = {10.1145/3465084.3467941}, year = {2021}, } @inproceedings{10554, abstract = {We present DAG-Rider, the first asynchronous Byzantine Atomic Broadcast protocol that achieves optimal resilience, optimal amortized communication complexity, and optimal time complexity. DAG-Rider is post-quantum safe and ensures that all values proposed by correct processes eventually get delivered. We construct DAG-Rider in two layers: In the first layer, processes reliably broadcast their proposals and build a structured Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) of the communication among them. In the second layer, processes locally observe their DAGs and totally order all proposals with no extra communication.}, author = {Keidar, Idit and Kokoris Kogias, Eleftherios and Naor, Oded and Spiegelman, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing}, isbn = {978-1-4503-8548-0}, location = {Virtual, Italy}, pages = {165--175}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {{All You Need is DAG}}, doi = {10.1145/3465084.3467905}, year = {2021}, } @article{10559, abstract = {Hole gases in planar germanium can have high mobilities in combination with strong spin-orbit interaction and electrically tunable g factors, and are therefore emerging as a promising platform for creating hybrid superconductor-semiconductor devices. A key challenge towards hybrid Ge-based quantum technologies is the design of high-quality interfaces and superconducting contacts that are robust against magnetic fields. In this work, by combining the assets of aluminum, which provides good contact to the Ge, and niobium, which has a significant superconducting gap, we demonstrate highly transparent low-disordered JoFETs with relatively large ICRN products that are capable of withstanding high magnetic fields. We furthermore demonstrate the ability of phase-biasing individual JoFETs, opening up an avenue to explore topological superconductivity in planar Ge. The persistence of superconductivity in the reported hybrid devices beyond 1.8 T paves the way towards integrating spin qubits and proximity-induced superconductivity on the same chip.}, author = {Aggarwal, Kushagra and Hofmann, Andrea C and Jirovec, Daniel and Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan and Sammak, Amir and Botifoll, Marc and Martí-Sánchez, Sara and Veldhorst, Menno and Arbiol, Jordi and Scappucci, Giordano and Danon, Jeroen and Katsaros, Georgios}, issn = {2643-1564}, journal = {Physical Review Research}, keywords = {general engineering}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Enhancement of proximity-induced superconductivity in a planar Ge hole gas}}, doi = {10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005}, volume = {3}, year = {2021}, } @article{10565, abstract = {Enzymatic digestion of the extracellular matrix with chondroitinase-ABC reinstates juvenile-like plasticity in the adult cortex as it also disassembles the perineuronal nets (PNNs). The disadvantage of the enzyme is that it must be applied intracerebrally and it degrades the ECM for several weeks. Here, we provide two minimally invasive and transient protocols for microglia-enabled PNN disassembly in mouse cortex: repeated treatment with ketamine-xylazine-acepromazine (KXA) anesthesia and 60-Hz light entrainment. We also discuss how to analyze PNNs within microglial endosomes-lysosomes. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Venturino et al. (2021).}, author = {Venturino, Alessandro and Siegert, Sandra}, issn = {2666-1667}, journal = {STAR Protocols}, number = {4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Minimally invasive protocols and quantification for microglia-mediated perineuronal net disassembly in mouse brain}}, doi = {10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101012}, volume = {2}, year = {2021}, }