@article{9375, abstract = {Genetic variation segregates as linked sets of variants, or haplotypes. Haplotypes and linkage are central to genetics and underpin virtually all genetic and selection analysis. And yet, genomic data often lack haplotype information, due to constraints in sequencing technologies. Here we present “haplotagging”, a simple, low-cost linked-read sequencing technique that allows sequencing of hundreds of individuals while retaining linkage information. We apply haplotagging to construct megabase-size haplotypes for over 600 individual butterflies (Heliconius erato and H. melpomene), which form overlapping hybrid zones across an elevational gradient in Ecuador. Haplotagging identifies loci controlling distinctive high- and lowland wing color patterns. Divergent haplotypes are found at the same major loci in both species, while chromosome rearrangements show no parallelism. Remarkably, in both species the geographic clines for the major wing pattern loci are displaced by 18 km, leading to the rise of a novel hybrid morph in the centre of the hybrid zone. We propose that shared warning signalling (Müllerian mimicry) may couple the cline shifts seen in both species, and facilitate the parallel co-emergence of a novel hybrid morph in both co-mimetic species. Our results show the power of efficient haplotyping methods when combined with large-scale sequencing data from natural populations.}, author = {Meier, Joana I. and Salazar, Patricio A. and Kučka, Marek and Davies, Robert William and Dréau, Andreea and Aldás, Ismael and Power, Olivia Box and Nadeau, Nicola J. and Bridle, Jon R. and Rolian, Campbell and Barton, Nicholas H and McMillan, W. Owen and Jiggins, Chris D. and Chan, Yingguang Frank}, issn = {0027-8424}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {25}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Haplotype tagging reveals parallel formation of hybrid races in two butterfly species}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2015005118}, volume = {118}, year = {2021}, } @article{9376, abstract = {This paper presents a method for designing planar multistable compliant structures. Given a sequence of desired stable states and the corresponding poses of the structure, we identify the topology and geometric realization of a mechanism—consisting of bars and joints—that is able to physically reproduce the desired multistable behavior. In order to solve this problem efficiently, we build on insights from minimally rigid graph theory to identify simple but effective topologies for the mechanism. We then optimize its geometric parameters, such as joint positions and bar lengths, to obtain correct transitions between the given poses. Simultaneously, we ensure adequate stability of each pose based on an effective approximate error metric related to the elastic energy Hessian of the bars in the mechanism. As demonstrated by our results, we obtain functional multistable mechanisms of manageable complexity that can be fabricated using 3D printing. Further, we evaluated the effectiveness of our method on a large number of examples in the simulation and fabricated several physical prototypes.}, author = {Zhang, Ran and Auzinger, Thomas and Bickel, Bernd}, issn = {1557-7368}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Graphics}, keywords = {multistability, mechanism, computational design, rigidity}, number = {5}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {{Computational design of planar multistable compliant structures}}, doi = {10.1145/3453477}, volume = {40}, year = {2021}, } @article{9379, abstract = {When B cells encounter membrane-bound antigens, the formation and coalescence of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) microclusters amplifies BCR signaling. The ability of B cells to probe the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and respond to APC-bound antigens requires remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Initial BCR signaling stimulates actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex-dependent actin polymerization, which drives B cell spreading as well as the centripetal movement and coalescence of BCR microclusters at the B cell-APC synapse. Sustained actin polymerization depends on concomitant actin filament depolymerization, which enables the recycling of actin monomers and Arp2/3 complexes. Cofilin-mediated severing of actin filaments is a rate-limiting step in the morphological changes that occur during immune synapse formation. Hence, regulators of cofilin activity such as WD repeat-containing protein 1 (Wdr1), LIM domain kinase (LIMK), and coactosin-like 1 (Cotl1) may also be essential for actin-dependent processes in B cells. Wdr1 enhances cofilin-mediated actin disassembly. Conversely, Cotl1 competes with cofilin for binding to actin and LIMK phosphorylates cofilin and prevents it from binding to actin filaments. We now show that Wdr1 and LIMK have distinct roles in BCR-induced assembly of the peripheral actin structures that drive B cell spreading, and that cofilin, Wdr1, and LIMK all contribute to the actin-dependent amplification of BCR signaling at the immune synapse. Depleting Cotl1 had no effect on these processes. Thus, the Wdr1-LIMK-cofilin axis is critical for BCR-induced actin remodeling and for B cell responses to APC-bound antigens.}, author = {Bolger-Munro, Madison and Choi, Kate and Cheung, Faith and Liu, Yi Tian and Dang-Lawson, May and Deretic, Nikola and Keane, Connor and Gold, Michael R.}, issn = {2296-634X}, journal = {Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology}, keywords = {B cell, actin, immune synapse, cell spreading, cofilin, WDR1 (AIP1), LIM domain kinase, B cell receptor (BCR)}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, title = {{The Wdr1-LIMK-Cofilin axis controls B cell antigen receptor-induced actin remodeling and signaling at the immune synapse}}, doi = {10.3389/fcell.2021.649433}, volume = {9}, year = {2021}, } @article{9380, abstract = {Shigella are pathogens originating within the Escherichia lineage but frequently classified as a separate genus. Shigella genomes contain numerous insertion sequences (ISs) that lead to pseudogenisation of affected genes and an increase of non-homologous recombination. Here, we study 414 genomes of E. coli and Shigella strains to assess the contribution of genomic rearrangements to Shigella evolution. We found that Shigella experienced exceptionally high rates of intragenomic rearrangements and had a decreased rate of homologous recombination compared to pathogenic and non-pathogenic E. coli. The high rearrangement rate resulted in independent disruption of syntenic regions and parallel rearrangements in different Shigella lineages. Specifically, we identified two types of chromosomally encoded E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases acquired independently by all Shigella strains that also showed a high level of sequence conservation in the promoter and further in the 5′-intergenic region. In the only available enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) strain, which is a pathogenic E. coli with a phenotype intermediate between Shigella and non-pathogenic E. coli, we found a rate of genome rearrangements comparable to those in other E. coli and no functional copies of the two Shigella-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases. These data indicate that the accumulation of ISs influenced many aspects of genome evolution and played an important role in the evolution of intracellular pathogens. Our research demonstrates the power of comparative genomics-based on synteny block composition and an important role of non-coding regions in the evolution of genomic islands.}, author = {Seferbekova, Zaira and Zabelkin, Alexey and Yakovleva, Yulia and Afasizhev, Robert and Dranenko, Natalia O. and Alexeev, Nikita and Gelfand, Mikhail S. and Bochkareva, Olga}, issn = {1664-302X}, journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology}, publisher = {Frontiers}, title = {{High rates of genome rearrangements and pathogenicity of Shigella spp}}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2021.628622}, volume = {12}, year = {2021}, } @article{9381, abstract = {A game of rock-paper-scissors is an interesting example of an interaction where none of the pure strategies strictly dominates all others, leading to a cyclic pattern. In this work, we consider an unstable version of rock-paper-scissors dynamics and allow individuals to make behavioural mistakes during the strategy execution. We show that such an assumption can break a cyclic relationship leading to a stable equilibrium emerging with only one strategy surviving. We consider two cases: completely random mistakes when individuals have no bias towards any strategy and a general form of mistakes. Then, we determine conditions for a strategy to dominate all other strategies. However, given that individuals who adopt a dominating strategy are still prone to behavioural mistakes in the observed behaviour, we may still observe extinct strategies. That is, behavioural mistakes in strategy execution stabilise evolutionary dynamics leading to an evolutionary stable and, potentially, mixed co-existence equilibrium.}, author = {Kleshnina, Maria and Streipert, Sabrina S. and Filar, Jerzy A. and Chatterjee, Krishnendu}, issn = {1553-7358}, journal = {PLoS Computational Biology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, title = {{Mistakes can stabilise the dynamics of rock-paper-scissors games}}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008523}, volume = {17}, year = {2021}, } @article{9383, abstract = {A primary roadblock to our understanding of speciation is that it usually occurs over a timeframe that is too long to study from start to finish. The idea of a speciation continuum provides something of a solution to this problem; rather than observing the entire process, we can simply reconstruct it from the multitude of speciation events that surround us. But what do we really mean when we talk about the speciation continuum, and can it really help us understand speciation? We explored these questions using a literature review and online survey of speciation researchers. Although most researchers were familiar with the concept and thought it was useful, our survey revealed extensive disagreement about what the speciation continuum actually tells us. This is due partly to the lack of a clear definition. Here, we provide an explicit definition that is compatible with the Biological Species Concept. That is, the speciation continuum is a continuum of reproductive isolation. After outlining the logic of the definition in light of alternatives, we explain why attempts to reconstruct the speciation process from present‐day populations will ultimately fail. We then outline how we think the speciation continuum concept can continue to act as a foundation for understanding the continuum of reproductive isolation that surrounds us.}, author = {Stankowski, Sean and Ravinet, Mark}, issn = {1558-5646}, journal = {Evolution}, number = {6}, pages = {1256--1273}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{Defining the speciation continuum}}, doi = {10.1111/evo.14215}, volume = {75}, year = {2021}, } @article{9387, abstract = {We report the complete analysis of a deterministic model of deleterious mutations and negative selection against them at two haploid loci without recombination. As long as mutation is a weaker force than selection, mutant alleles remain rare at the only stable equilibrium, and otherwise, a variety of dynamics are possible. If the mutation-free genotype is absent, generally the only stable equilibrium is the one that corresponds to fixation of the mutant allele at the locus where it is less deleterious. This result suggests that fixation of a deleterious allele that follows a click of the Muller’s ratchet is governed by natural selection, instead of random drift.}, author = {Khudiakova, Kseniia and Neretina, Tatiana Yu. and Kondrashov, Alexey S.}, issn = {0022-5193}, journal = {Journal of Theoretical Biology}, keywords = {General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Modelling and Simulation, Statistics and Probability, General Immunology and Microbiology, Applied Mathematics, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, General Medicine}, publisher = {Elsevier }, title = {{Two linked loci under mutation-selection balance and Muller’s ratchet}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110729}, volume = {524}, year = {2021}, } @misc{9389, abstract = {This .zip File contains the transport data for "Non-topological zero bias peaks in full-shell nanowires induced by flux tunable Andreev states" by M. Valentini, et. al. The measurements were done using Labber Software and the data is stored in the hdf5 file format. Instructions of how to read the data are in "Notebook_Valentini.pdf".}, author = {Valentini, Marco}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Research data for "Non-topological zero bias peaks in full-shell nanowires induced by flux tunable Andreev states"}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:9389}, year = {2021}, } @article{9393, abstract = {We consider the core algorithmic problems related to verification of systems with respect to three classical quantitative properties, namely, the mean-payoff, the ratio, and the minimum initial credit for energy property. The algorithmic problem given a graph and a quantitative property asks to compute the optimal value (the infimum value over all traces) from every node of the graph. We consider graphs with bounded treewidth—a class that contains the control flow graphs of most programs. Let n denote the number of nodes of a graph, m the number of edges (for bounded treewidth 𝑚=𝑂(𝑛)) and W the largest absolute value of the weights. Our main theoretical results are as follows. First, for the minimum initial credit problem we show that (1) for general graphs the problem can be solved in 𝑂(𝑛2⋅𝑚) time and the associated decision problem in 𝑂(𝑛⋅𝑚) time, improving the previous known 𝑂(𝑛3⋅𝑚⋅log(𝑛⋅𝑊)) and 𝑂(𝑛2⋅𝑚) bounds, respectively; and (2) for bounded treewidth graphs we present an algorithm that requires 𝑂(𝑛⋅log𝑛) time. Second, for bounded treewidth graphs we present an algorithm that approximates the mean-payoff value within a factor of 1+𝜖 in time 𝑂(𝑛⋅log(𝑛/𝜖)) as compared to the classical exact algorithms on general graphs that require quadratic time. Third, for the ratio property we present an algorithm that for bounded treewidth graphs works in time 𝑂(𝑛⋅log(|𝑎⋅𝑏|))=𝑂(𝑛⋅log(𝑛⋅𝑊)), when the output is 𝑎𝑏, as compared to the previously best known algorithm on general graphs with running time 𝑂(𝑛2⋅log(𝑛⋅𝑊)). We have implemented some of our algorithms and show that they present a significant speedup on standard benchmarks.}, author = {Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Ibsen-Jensen, Rasmus and Pavlogiannis, Andreas}, issn = {1572-8102}, journal = {Formal Methods in System Design}, pages = {401--428}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{Faster algorithms for quantitative verification in bounded treewidth graphs}}, doi = {10.1007/s10703-021-00373-5}, volume = {57}, year = {2021}, } @inbook{9403, abstract = {Optimal decision making requires individuals to know their available options and to anticipate correctly what consequences these options have. In many social interactions, however, we refrain from gathering all relevant information, even if this information would help us make better decisions and is costless to obtain. This chapter examines several examples of “deliberate ignorance.” Two simple models are proposed to illustrate how ignorance can evolve among self-interested and payoff - maximizing individuals, and open problems are highlighted that lie ahead for future research to explore.}, author = {Schmid, Laura and Hilbe, Christian}, booktitle = {Deliberate Ignorance: Choosing Not To Know}, editor = {Hertwig, Ralph and Engel, Christoph}, isbn = {978-0-262-04559-9}, pages = {139--152}, publisher = {MIT Press}, title = {{The evolution of strategic ignorance in strategic interaction}}, volume = {29}, year = {2021}, } @article{9408, abstract = {We present a computational design system that assists users to model, optimize, and fabricate quad-robots with soft skins. Our system addresses the challenging task of predicting their physical behavior by fully integrating the multibody dynamics of the mechanical skeleton and the elastic behavior of the soft skin. The developed motion control strategy uses an alternating optimization scheme to avoid expensive full space time-optimization, interleaving space-time optimization for the skeleton, and frame-by-frame optimization for the full dynamics. The output are motor torques to drive the robot to achieve a user prescribed motion trajectory. We also provide a collection of convenient engineering tools and empirical manufacturing guidance to support the fabrication of the designed quad-robot. We validate the feasibility of designs generated with our system through physics simulations and with a physically-fabricated prototype.}, author = {Feng, Xudong and Liu, Jiafeng and Wang, Huamin and Yang, Yin and Bao, Hujun and Bickel, Bernd and Xu, Weiwei}, issn = {1077-2626}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, number = {6}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{Computational design of skinned Quad-Robots}}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2019.2957218}, volume = {27}, year = {2021}, } @article{9411, abstract = {The dynamics of a triangular magnetocapillary swimmer is studied using the lattice Boltzmann method. We extend on our previous work, which deals with the self-assembly and a specific type of the swimmer motion characterized by the swimmer’s maximum velocity centred around the particle’s inverse viscous time. Here, we identify additional regimes of motion. First, modifying the ratio of surface tension and magnetic forces allows to study the swimmer propagation in the regime of significantly lower frequencies mainly defined by the strength of the magnetocapillary potential. Second, introducing a constant magnetic contribution in each of the particles in addition to their magnetic moment induced by external fields leads to another regime characterized by strong in-plane swimmer reorientations that resemble experimental observations.}, author = {Sukhov, Alexander and Hubert, Maxime and Grosjean, Galien M and Trosman, Oleg and Ziegler, Sebastian and Collard, Ylona and Vandewalle, Nicolas and Smith, Ana Sunčana and Harting, Jens}, issn = {1292-895X}, journal = {European Physical Journal E}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{Regimes of motion of magnetocapillary swimmers}}, doi = {10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00065-2}, volume = {44}, year = {2021}, } @article{9414, abstract = {Microtubule plus-end depolymerization rate is a potentially important target of physiological regulation, but it has been challenging to measure, so its role in spatial organization is poorly understood. Here we apply a method for tracking plus ends based on time difference imaging to measure depolymerization rates in large interphase asters growing in Xenopus egg extract. We observed strong spatial regulation of depolymerization rates, which were higher in the aster interior compared with the periphery, and much less regulation of polymerization or catastrophe rates. We interpret these data in terms of a limiting component model, where aster growth results in lower levels of soluble tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) in the interior cytosol compared with that at the periphery. The steady-state polymer fraction of tubulin was ∼30%, so tubulin is not strongly depleted in the aster interior. We propose that the limiting component for microtubule assembly is a MAP that inhibits depolymerization, and that egg asters are tuned to low microtubule density.}, author = {Ishihara, Keisuke and Decker, Franziska and Dos Santos Caldas, Paulo R and Pelletier, James F. and Loose, Martin and Brugués, Jan and Mitchison, Timothy J.}, issn = {1939-4586}, journal = {Molecular Biology of the Cell}, number = {9}, pages = {869--879}, publisher = {American Society for Cell Biology}, title = {{Spatial variation of microtubule depolymerization in large asters}}, doi = {10.1091/MBC.E20-11-0723}, volume = {32}, year = {2021}, } @article{9431, abstract = {Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is an assembly cofactor for HIV-1. We report here that IP6 is also used for assembly of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), a retrovirus from a different genus. IP6 is ~100-fold more potent at promoting RSV mature capsid protein (CA) assembly than observed for HIV-1 and removal of IP6 in cells reduces infectivity by 100-fold. Here, visualized by cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging, mature capsid-like particles show an IP6-like density in the CA hexamer, coordinated by rings of six lysines and six arginines. Phosphate and IP6 have opposing effects on CA in vitro assembly, inducing formation of T = 1 icosahedrons and tubes, respectively, implying that phosphate promotes pentamer and IP6 hexamer formation. Subtomogram averaging and classification optimized for analysis of pleomorphic retrovirus particles reveal that the heterogeneity of mature RSV CA polyhedrons results from an unexpected, intrinsic CA hexamer flexibility. In contrast, the CA pentamer forms rigid units organizing the local architecture. These different features of hexamers and pentamers determine the structural mechanism to form CA polyhedrons of variable shape in mature RSV particles.}, author = {Obr, Martin and Ricana, Clifton L. and Nikulin, Nadia and Feathers, Jon-Philip R. and Klanschnig, Marco and Thader, Andreas and Johnson, Marc C. and Vogt, Volker M. and Schur, Florian KM and Dick, Robert A.}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, keywords = {General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Research}, title = {{Structure of the mature Rous sarcoma virus lattice reveals a role for IP6 in the formation of the capsid hexamer}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-23506-0}, volume = {12}, year = {2021}, } @unpublished{9435, abstract = {For any given positive integer l, we prove that every plane deformation of a circlewhich preserves the 1/2and 1/ (2l + 1) -rational caustics is trivial i.e. the deformationconsists only of similarities (rescalings and isometries).}, author = {Kaloshin, Vadim and Koudjinan, Edmond}, booktitle = {arXiv}, title = {{Non co-preservation of the 1/2 and 1/(2l+1)-rational caustics along deformations of circles}}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2107.03499}, year = {2021}, } @article{9439, abstract = {The ability to adapt to changes in stimulus statistics is a hallmark of sensory systems. Here, we developed a theoretical framework that can account for the dynamics of adaptation from an information processing perspective. We use this framework to optimize and analyze adaptive sensory codes, and we show that codes optimized for stationary environments can suffer from prolonged periods of poor performance when the environment changes. To mitigate the adversarial effects of these environmental changes, sensory systems must navigate tradeoffs between the ability to accurately encode incoming stimuli and the ability to rapidly detect and adapt to changes in the distribution of these stimuli. We derive families of codes that balance these objectives, and we demonstrate their close match to experimentally observed neural dynamics during mean and variance adaptation. Our results provide a unifying perspective on adaptation across a range of sensory systems, environments, and sensory tasks.}, author = {Mlynarski, Wiktor F and Hermundstad, Ann M.}, issn = {1546-1726}, journal = {Nature Neuroscience}, pages = {998--1009}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Efficient and adaptive sensory codes}}, doi = {10.1038/s41593-021-00846-0}, volume = {24}, year = {2021}, } @inproceedings{9441, abstract = {Isomanifolds are the generalization of isosurfaces to arbitrary dimension and codimension, i.e. submanifolds of ℝ^d defined as the zero set of some multivariate multivalued smooth function f: ℝ^d → ℝ^{d-n}, where n is the intrinsic dimension of the manifold. A natural way to approximate a smooth isomanifold M is to consider its Piecewise-Linear (PL) approximation M̂ based on a triangulation 𝒯 of the ambient space ℝ^d. In this paper, we describe a simple algorithm to trace isomanifolds from a given starting point. The algorithm works for arbitrary dimensions n and d, and any precision D. Our main result is that, when f (or M) has bounded complexity, the complexity of the algorithm is polynomial in d and δ = 1/D (and unavoidably exponential in n). Since it is known that for δ = Ω (d^{2.5}), M̂ is O(D²)-close and isotopic to M, our algorithm produces a faithful PL-approximation of isomanifolds of bounded complexity in time polynomial in d. Combining this algorithm with dimensionality reduction techniques, the dependency on d in the size of M̂ can be completely removed with high probability. We also show that the algorithm can handle isomanifolds with boundary and, more generally, isostratifolds. The algorithm for isomanifolds with boundary has been implemented and experimental results are reported, showing that it is practical and can handle cases that are far ahead of the state-of-the-art. }, author = {Boissonnat, Jean-Daniel and Kachanovich, Siargey and Wintraecken, Mathijs}, booktitle = {37th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2021)}, isbn = {978-3-95977-184-9}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Virtual}, pages = {17:1--17:16}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Tracing isomanifolds in Rd in time polynomial in d using Coxeter-Freudenthal-Kuhn triangulations}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2021.17}, volume = {189}, year = {2021}, } @article{9443, abstract = {Endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane contact sites (ER–PM CS) play fundamental roles in all eukaryotic cells. Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking the ER–PM protein tether synaptotagmin1 (SYT1) exhibit decreased PM integrity under multiple abiotic stresses, such as freezing, high salt, osmotic stress, and mechanical damage. Here, we show that, together with SYT1, the stress-induced SYT3 is an ER–PM tether that also functions in maintaining PM integrity. The ER–PM CS localization of SYT1 and SYT3 is dependent on PM phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate and is regulated by abiotic stress. Lipidomic analysis revealed that cold stress increased the accumulation of diacylglycerol at the PM in a syt1/3 double mutant relative to wild-type while the levels of most glycerolipid species remain unchanged. In addition, the SYT1-green fluorescent protein fusion preferentially binds diacylglycerol in vivo with little affinity for polar glycerolipids. Our work uncovers a SYT-dependent mechanism of stress adaptation counteracting the detrimental accumulation of diacylglycerol at the PM produced during episodes of abiotic stress.}, author = {Ruiz-Lopez, N and Pérez-Sancho, J and Esteban Del Valle, A and Haslam, RP and Vanneste, S and Catalá, R and Perea-Resa, C and Van Damme, D and García-Hernández, S and Albert, A and Vallarino, J and Lin, J and Friml, Jiří and Macho, AP and Salinas, J and Rosado, A and Napier, JA and Amorim-Silva, V and Botella, MA}, issn = {1532-298x}, journal = {Plant Cell}, number = {7}, pages = {2431--2453}, publisher = {American Society of Plant Biologists}, title = {{Synaptotagmins at the endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact sites maintain diacylglycerol homeostasis during abiotic stress}}, doi = {10.1093/plcell/koab122}, volume = {33}, year = {2021}, } @article{9447, abstract = {Lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) based water-in-salt electrolytes (WiSEs) has recently emerged as a new promising class of electrolytes, primarily owing to their wide electrochemical stability windows (~3–4 V), that by far exceed the thermodynamic stability window of water (1.23 V). Upon increasing the salt concentration towards superconcentration the onset of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) shifts more significantly than the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) does. The OER shift has been explained by the accumulation of hydrophobic anions blocking water access to the electrode surface, hence by double layer theory. Here we demonstrate that the processes during oxidation are much more complex, involving OER, carbon and salt decomposition by OER intermediates, and salt precipitation upon local oversaturation. The positive shift in the onset potential of oxidation currents was elucidated by combining several advanced analysis techniques: rotating ring-disk electrode voltammetry, online electrochemical mass spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, using both dilute and superconcentrated electrolytes. The results demonstrate the importance of reactive OER intermediates and surface films for electrolyte and electrode stability and motivate further studies of the nature of the electrode.}, author = {Maffre, Marion and Bouchal, Roza and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander and Lindahl, Niklas and Johansson, Patrik and Favier, Frédéric and Fontaine, Olivier and Bélanger, Daniel}, issn = {1945-7111}, journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society}, keywords = {Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Electrochemistry, Materials Chemistry, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Condensed Matter Physics}, number = {5}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes occurring at positive potentials in “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes}}, doi = {10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300}, volume = {168}, year = {2021}, } @article{9462, abstract = {We consider a system of N trapped bosons with repulsive interactions in a combined semiclassical mean-field limit at positive temperature. We show that the free energy is well approximated by the minimum of the Hartree free energy functional – a natural extension of the Hartree energy functional to positive temperatures. The Hartree free energy functional converges in the same limit to a semiclassical free energy functional, and we show that the system displays Bose–Einstein condensation if and only if it occurs in the semiclassical free energy functional. This allows us to show that for weak coupling the critical temperature decreases due to the repulsive interactions.}, author = {Deuchert, Andreas and Seiringer, Robert}, issn = {1096-0783}, journal = {Journal of Functional Analysis}, number = {6}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Semiclassical approximation and critical temperature shift for weakly interacting trapped bosons}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jfa.2021.109096}, volume = {281}, year = {2021}, }