@inproceedings{22405, abstract = {Computing the diameter of the intersection graphs of objects is a basic problem in computational geometry. Previous works showed that the complexity of computing the diameter mainly depends on the object types: for unit disks and squares in 2D, the problem is solvable in truly subquadratic time [Chan et al., 2025], while for other objects, including unit segments and equilateral triangles in 2D or unit balls and axis-parallel unit cubes in 3D, there is no truly subquadratic time algorithm under the Orthogonal Vector (OV) hypothesis [Bringmann et al., 2022]. We undertake a comprehensive study of computing the diameter of geometric intersection graphs for various types of objects. We discover many new irregularities, showing that the landscape is extremely nuanced: the source of hardness is a combination of the object type, the true diameter value, and how the objects intersect with each other. Our highlighted results for the 2D case include: 1) The diameter of non-degenerate, axis-aligned line segments can be computed in truly subquadratic time. Previous hardness result [Bringmann et al., 2022] for line segments applies only to degenerate instances. On the other hand, for the degenerate case, we show that a truly subquadratic time algorithm exists when the true diameter is constant. 2) An almost-linear-time algorithm for unit-square graphs of constant diameter. Previous algorithms [Duraj et al., 2024; Chan et al., 2025] rely on succinct representation assuming bounded VC-dimension; for such a strategy Ω(n^{7/4}) time is an inherent barrier. 3) An Õ(n^{4/3})-time algorithm to decide if the diameter of a unit-disk graph is at most 2. This improves upon the recent algorithm with running time Õ(n^{2-1/9}) [Chan et al., 2025]. 4) Deciding if the diameter of intersection graphs of fat triangles or line segments is at most 2 is truly subquadratic-hard under fine-grained complexity assumptions. Previous lower bounds [Bringmann et al., 2022] only hold when deciding if diameter is at most 3. Our findings are presented in a pair of papers. This paper focuses solely on the 2D case, while the companion paper is devoted to higher-dimensional cases.}, author = {Chan, Timothy M. and Chang, Hsien-Chih and Gao, Jie and Kisfaludi-Bak, Sándor and Le, Hung and Zheng, Da Wei}, booktitle = {53rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming}, issn = {1868-8969}, keywords = {String graphs, Fine-grained complexity, Theory of computation → Computational geometry}, location = {Egham, United Kingdom}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Charting the landscape of diameter computation on geometric intersection graphs in the plane}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPICS.ICALP.2026.54}, volume = {374}, year = {2026}, } @inproceedings{22299, abstract = {The depth poset of a filtered Lefschetz complex reflects the dependencies between the cancellations of different shallow birth-death pairs. Using the fast algorithms for computing the depth poset in [Edelsbrunner et al., 2026] and for updating the persistence diagram under transpositions in [Cohen-Steiner et al., 2006], we give a complete case analysis of how transpositions of cells in the filter affect the depth poset. In addition, we present statistics on the depth poset for random point data and its sensitivity to the transpositions that occur in random straight-line homotopies.}, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Lipiński, Michał and Mrozek, Marian and Soriano Trigueros, Manuel and Zimin, Fedor}, booktitle = {42nd International Symposium on Computational Geometry}, isbn = {9783959774185}, issn = {1868-8969}, keywords = {Algebraic topology, Lefschetz complexes, persistent homology, vines and vineyards, birth-death pairs, shallow pairs, relations, partial orders, transpositions, Theory of computation → Computational geometry}, location = {New Brunswick, NJ, United States}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{The depth poset under transpositions in the filter}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPICS.SOCG.2026.41}, volume = {367}, year = {2026}, } @article{22265, abstract = {The well-known bimodality between star-forming discs and quiescent spheroids requires the existence of two main processes: galaxy quenching, causing the strong reduction of star formation, and morphological transformation, causing the transition from disc-dominated structures to bulge-dominated ones. In this paper, we aim to understand the link between these two processes and their relation with the stellar mass of galaxies and their local environment. Taking advantage of the first data released by the Euclid Collaboration, covering more than 60 deg2 with space-based imaging and photometry, we analyse a mass-complete sample of nearly one million galaxies in the range 0.25 < z < 1 with M* > 109.5 M⊙, using a combination of photometric and spectroscopic redshifts. We divide the sample into four sub-populations of galaxies, based on their star-formation activity (star-forming and quiescent) and morphology (disc-dominated and bulge-dominated). We then analyse the physical properties of these populations and their relative abundances in the stellar mass versus local density plane. Together with confirming the passivity-density relation and the morphology-density relation, we find that quiescent discy galaxies are more abundant in the low-mass regime of high-density environment where log10(1 + δ) > 1.3. At the same time, star-forming bulge-dominated galaxies are more common in field regions with log10(1 + δ) < 0.8, preferentially at high masses. Building on these results and interpreting them through comparison with simulations, we propose a scenario where the evolution of galaxies in the field significantly differs from that in higher-density environments. The morphological transformation in the majority of field galaxies takes place before the onset of quenching and is mainly driven by secular processes taking place within the main sequence, leading to the formation of star-forming bulge-dominated galaxies as intermediate-stage galaxies. Conversely, quenching of star formation precedes morphological transformation for most galaxies in higher-density environments. This causes the formation of quiescent disc-dominated galaxies before their transition into bulge-dominated ones.}, author = {Gentile, F. and Daddi, E. and Elbaz, D. and Enia, A. and Magnelli, B. and Billand, J. B. and Corcho-Caballero, P. and Cleland, C. and De Lucia, G. and D’Eugenio, C. and Fossati, M. and Franco, M. and Lobo, C. and Lyu, Y. and Magliocchetti, M. and Mamon, G. A. and Quilley, L. and Sorce, J. G. and Tarrasse, M. and Bolzonella, M. and Durret, F. and Gabarra, L. and Guo, S. and Pozzetti, L. and Quai, S. and Shankar, F. and Sangalli, V. and Talia, M. and Baes, M. and Fu, H. and Girardi, M. and Matthee, Jorryt J and Oesch, P. A. and Roberts, D. and Schaye, J. and Scott, D. and Spinoglio, L. and Altieri, B. and Amara, A. and Andreon, S. and Auricchio, N. and Baccigalupi, C. and Baldi, M. and Balestra, A. and Bardelli, S. and Bender, R. and Biviano, A. and Branchini, E. and Brescia, M. and Brinchmann, J. and Camera, S. and Cañas-Herrera, G. and Capobianco, V. and Carbone, C. and Carretero, J. and Casas, S. and Castellano, M. and Castignani, G. and Cavuoti, S. and Chambers, K. C. and Cimatti, A. and Colodro-Conde, C. and Congedo, G. and Conversi, L. and Copin, Y. and Courbin, F. and Courtois, H. M. and Cropper, M. and Da Silva, A. and Degaudenzi, H. and Dolding, C. and Dole, H. and Dubath, F. and Duncan, C. A.J. and Dupac, X. and Dusini, S. and Escoffier, S. and Fabricius, M. and Farina, M. and Farinelli, R. and Ferriol, S. and Finelli, F. and Fourmanoit, N. and Frailis, M. and Franceschi, E. and Fumana, M. and Galeotta, S. and George, K. and Gillis, B. and Giocoli, C. and Gracia-Carpio, J. and Grazian, A. and Grupp, F. and Gwyn, S. and Haugan, S. V.H. and Hoar, J. and Holmes, W. and Hook, I. M. and Hormuth, F. and Hornstrup, A. and Jahnke, K. and Jhabvala, M. and Joachimi, B. and Keihänen, E. and Kermiche, S. and Kiessling, A. and Kubik, B. and Kümmel, M. and Kunz, M. and Kurki-Suonio, H. and Le Brun, A. M.C. and Ligori, S. and Lilje, P. B. and Lindholm, V. and Lloro, I. and Mainetti, G. and Maino, D. and Maiorano, E. and Mansutti, O. and Marggraf, O. and Martinelli, M. and Martinet, N. and Marulli, F. and Massey, R. J. and Medinaceli, E. and Mei, S. and Melchior, M. and Mellier, Y. and Meneghetti, M. and Merlin, E. and Meylan, G. and Mora, A. and Moresco, M. and Moscardini, L. and Nakajima, R. and Niemi, S. M. and Padilla, C. and Paltani, S. and Pasian, F. and Pedersen, K. and Percival, W. J. and Pettorino, V. and Pires, S. and Polenta, G. and Poncet, M. and Popa, L. A. and Raison, F. and Renzi, A. and Rhodes, J. and Riccio, G. and Romelli, E. and Roncarelli, M. and Saglia, R. and Sakr, Z. and Sapone, D. and Sartoris, B. and Schneider, P. and Schrabback, T. and Secroun, A. and Seidel, G. and Serrano, S. and Simon, P. and Sirignano, C. and Sirri, G. and Skottfelt, J. and Stanco, L. and Steinwagner, J. and Tallada-Crespí, P. and Taylor, A. N. and Teplitz, H. I. and Tereno, I. and Tessore, N. and Toft, S. and Toledo-Moreo, R. and Torradeflot, F. and Tutusaus, I. and Valenziano, L. and Valiviita, J. and Vassallo, T. and Verdoes Kleijn, G. and Veropalumbo, A. and Wang, Y. and Weller, J. and Zacchei, A. and Zamorani, G. and Zinchenko, I. A. and Zucca, E. and Allevato, V. and Ballardini, M. and Bozzo, E. and Burigana, C. and Cabanac, R. and Calabrese, M. and Cappi, A. and Di Ferdinando, D. and Escartin Vigo, J. A. and Hartley, W. G. and Huertas-Company, M. and Martín-Fleitas, J. and Matthew, S. and Mauri, N. and Metcalf, R. B. and Pezzotta, A. and Pöntinen, M. and Risso, I. and Scottez, V. and Sereno, M. and Tenti, M. and Viel, M. and Wiesmann, M. and Akrami, Y. and Andika, I. T. and Anselmi, S. and Archidiacono, M. and Atrio-Barandela, F. and Bertacca, D. and Bethermin, M. and Bisigello, L. and Blanchard, A. and Blot, L. and Böhringer, H. and Bonici, M. and Borgani, S. and Brown, M. L. and Bruton, S. and Calabro, A. and Camacho Quevedo, B. and Caro, F. and Carvalho, C. S. and Castro, T. and Cogato, F. and Conseil, S. and Contini, T. and Cooray, A. R. and Cucciati, O. and Desprez, G. and Díaz-Sánchez, A. and Di Domizio, S. and Diego, J. M. and Dimauro, P. and Duc, P. A. and Elkhashab, M. Y. and Fang, Y. and Finoguenov, A. and Fontana, A. and Fontanot, F. and Franco, A. and Ganga, K. and García-Bellido, J. and Gasparetto, T. and Gautard, V. and Gavazzi, R. and Gaztanaga, E. and Giacomini, F. and Gianotti, F. and Gonzalez, A. H. and Gozaliasl, G. and Guidi, M. and Gutierrez, C. M. and Hall, A. and Hemmati, S. and Hildebrandt, H. and Hjorth, J. and Kajava, J. J.E. and Kang, Y. and Kansal, V. and Karagiannis, D. and Kiiveri, K. and Kim, J. and Kirkpatrick, C. C. and Kruk, S. and Legrand, L. and Lembo, M. and Lepori, F. and Leroy, G. and Lesci, G. F. and Lesgourgues, J. and Leuzzi, L. and Liaudat, T. I. and Loureiro, A. and Macias-Perez, J. and Magnier, E. A. and Mannucci, F. and Maoli, R. and Martins, C. J.A.P. and Maurin, L. and Miluzio, M. and Monaco, P. and Moretti, C. and Morgante, G. and Naidoo, K. and Navarro-Alsina, A. and Nesseris, S. and Paoletti, D. and Passalacqua, F. and Paterson, K. and Patrizii, L. and Pisani, A. and Potter, D. and Radovich, M. and Rodighiero, G. and Sacquegna, S. and Sahlén, M. and Sanders, D. B. and Sarpa, E. and Scarlata, C. and Schneider, A. and Schultheis, M. and Sciotti, D. and Sellentin, E. and Smith, L. C. and Stanford, S. A. and Tanidis, K. and Testera, G. and Teyssier, R. and Tosi, S. and Troja, A. and Tucci, M. and Valieri, C. and Venhola, A. and Vergani, D. and Verza, G. and Vielzeuf, P. and Walton, N. A.}, issn = {1432-0746}, journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics}, keywords = {galaxies: evolution, galaxies: interactions, galaxies: statistics}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, title = {{Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1): XII. Quenching precedes bulge formation in dense environments but follows it in the field}}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202557633}, volume = {711}, year = {2026}, } @article{22621, abstract = {We present very deep (≈11 hours on-source) JWST/MIRI low-resolution spectroscopy of the rest-frame optical emission of U37126, a UV-bright (MUV ≃ −20) mildly lensed (μ ≃ 2.2) galaxy at z = 10.255. The continuum emission is well detected in the NIRSpec and MIRI spectra, but no nebular recombination or metal emission lines are observed (EW0 (Hβ+[O III]) ≤ 300 Å and EW0 (Hα) ≤ 400 Å at 3σ). Combined with the exceptionally blue UV continuum slope, βUV ≃ −2.9, and flat Balmer break, these constraints indicate a stellar population dominated by very young and massive stars with a strongly suppressed nebular contribution. Comparisons with synthetic stellar population models indicate that U37126 requires a very high ionizing photon production efficiency, log(ξion/Hz erg−1) ≃ 25.75, and a nearly unity Lyman continuum escape fraction, of fesc ≥ 86% (3σ) based on the Hα flux limit and fesc = 0.94 ± 0.06 derived independently from fitting the spectral energy distribution (SED). The best-fit SED yields a (delensed) stellar mass of M★ ≃ 107.8 M⊙ and a star formation rate SFR ≃ 10 M⊙ yr−1 (specific SFR ∼ 160 Gyr−1). Together with its very compact size, reff ≃ 61 pc, this yields a very high stellar mass and SFR surface densities, ΣM★ ≃ 3 × 103 M⊙ pc−2 and ΣSFR ≃ 400 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2. Together with the lack of detectable nebular emission, these properties suggest that U37126 is undergoing a so-called interstellar medium-naked starburst phase, possibly driven by an extremely efficient gas-to-star conversion followed by strong feedback that has cleared the remaining gas from its stellar core, which allowed most Lyman continuum photons to escape. Finally, we show that even a small fraction of galaxies such as U37126 (≃3–6%), with an extreme Lyman continuum production and escape, might contribute disproportionately (≃50–100%) to the ionizing photon budget during cosmic reionization.}, author = {Marques-Chaves, R. and Álvarez-Márquez, J. and Colina, L. and Kendrew, S. and Abdurro’Uf, Unknown and Blanco-Prieto, C. and Boogaard, L. A. and Castellano, M. and Caputi, K. I. and Crespo-Gómez, A. and Fontana, A. and Fudamoto, Y. and Fujimoto, S. and García-Marín, M. and Harikane, Y. and Harish, S. and Hashimoto, T. and Hsiao, T. and Iani, Edoardo and Inoue, A. K. and Langeroodi, D. and Lin, R. and Melinder, J. and Napolitano, L. and Östlin, G. and Pérez-González, P. G. and Prieto-Jiménez, C. and Rinaldi, P. and Rodríguez Del Pino, B. and Santini, P. and Sugahara, Y. and Varo-O’Ferrall, A. and Wright, G. and Zavala, J.}, issn = {1432-0746}, journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, title = {{PRISMS: U37126, a very blue ISM-naked starburst at z = 10.255 with a nearly 100% Lyman continuum escape fraction}}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202659281}, volume = {711}, year = {2026}, } @article{21659, abstract = {The recent detection of solar equatorial Rossby waves has renewed interest in the study of gravito-inertial waves propagating in the convective envelope of solar-type stars. In particular, the ability of these envelope gravito-inertial modes to couple with those trapped in the radiative interior could open up new opportunities for probing the deep-layer dynamics of solar-type stars. The possibility for such a coupling to occur is particularly favoured among pre-main-sequence (PMS) solar-type stars. Indeed, due to the contraction of the protostellar object, they are able to reach high rotation frequencies before nuclear reactions are ignited and magnetic braking becomes the driving mechanism for their rotational evolution. In this work, we studied the coupling between the envelope inertial waves and the radiative interior g modes in PMS stars, focussing on the case of prograde dipolar modes. We considered the cases of 0.5 M⊙ and 1 M⊙ PMS models, each with three different scenarios of rotational evolution. We show that for stars that have formed with a sufficient amount of angular momentum, this coupling can occur in frequency ranges that are accessible to space-borne photometry, creating inertial dips in the period spacing pattern. Using an asymptotic analysis, we characterised the shape of these inertial dips to show that they depend on rotation and on the stiffness of the convective-radiative interface.}, author = {Breton, S. N. and Pezzotti, C. and Mathis, S. and Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle and Di Mauro, M. P. and Joergensen, J. and Zwintz, K. and Lanza, A. F.}, issn = {1432-0746}, journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, title = {{Core-envelope coupling of gravito-inertial waves in pre-main-sequence solar-type stars}}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202659309}, volume = {707}, year = {2026}, } @article{21759, abstract = {Promoters and enhancers are cis-regulatory elements (CREs), DNA sequences that bind transcription factor (TF) proteins to up- or down-regulate target genes. Decades-long efforts yielded TF-DNA interaction models that predict how strongly an individual TF binds arbitrary DNA sequences and how individual binding events on the CRE combine to affect gene expression. These insights can be synthesized into a global, biophysically realistic, and quantitative genotype-phenotype (GP) map for gene regulation, a ‘holy grail’ for the application of evolutionary theory. A global map provides a rare opportunity to simulate the long-term evolution of regulatory sequences and pose several fundamental questions: How long does it take to evolve CREs de novo? How many non-trivial regulatory functions exist in sequence space? How connected are they? For which regulatory architecture is CRE evolution most rapid and evolvable? In this article, the second of a two-part series, we review the application of evolutionary concepts — epistasis, robustness, evolvability, tunability, plasticity, and bet-hedging — to the evolution of gene regulatory sequences. We then evaluate the potential for a unifying theory for the evolution of regulatory sequences and identify key open challenges.}, author = {Mascolo, Elia and Körei, Reka E and Borst, Noa O. and Barton, Nicholas H and Crocker, Justin and Tkačik, Gašper}, issn = {1879-0380}, journal = {Current Opinion in Genetics & Development}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Long-term evolution of regulatory DNA sequences. Part 2: Theory and future challenges}}, doi = {10.1016/j.gde.2026.102472}, volume = {98}, year = {2026}, } @article{21039, abstract = {Cellular plasticity, the ability of a differentiated cell to adopt another phenotypic identity, is restricted under basal conditions, but can be elicited upon damage. However, the molecular mechanism enabling such plasticity remains largely unexplored. Here, we report damage-induced cellular plasticity of secretory enteroendocrine cells (EEs) in the adult Drosophila midgut. Ionizing radiation induces EE fate conversion and activates stress-responsive programs in EE lineages, accompanied by the induction of the stress-inducible transcription factor Xrp1 and the cytokine gene upd3. Xrp1 and upd3 are both necessary for radiation-induced EE plasticity. Under basal conditions, EE-specific Xrp1 overexpression triggers ectopic expression of progenitor-specific genes, which is necessary for Xrp1 to drive EE plasticity. Our work identifies Xrp1 as a crucial regulator that coordinates damage-induced signaling and transcriptional reprogramming, enabling the reactivation of cellular plasticity in differentiated cells.}, author = {Qian, Qingyin and Nagai, Hiroki and Sanaki, Yuya and Hayashi, Makoto and Kimura, Kenichi and Nakajima, Yu Ichiro and Niwa, Ryusuke}, issn = {1477-9129}, journal = {Development}, number = {2}, publisher = {Company of Biologists}, title = {{Xrp1 drives damage-induced cellular plasticity of enteroendocrine cells in the adult Drosophila midgut}}, doi = {10.1242/dev.205225}, volume = {153}, year = {2026}, } @inproceedings{22717, abstract = {We study concurrent graph games where n players cooperate against an opponent to reach a set of target states. Unlike traditional settings, we study distributed randomisation: team players do not share a source of randomness, and their private random sources are hidden from the opponent and from each other. We show that memoryless strategies are sufficient for the threshold problem (deciding whether there is a strategy for the team that ensures winning with probability that exceeds a threshold), a result that not only places the problem in the Existential Theory of the Reals (ER) but also enables the construction of value iteration algorithms. We additionally show that the threshold problem is NP-hard. For the almost-sure reachability problem, we prove NP-completeness. We introduce Individually Randomised Alternating-time Temporal Logic (IRATL). This logic extends the standard ATL framework to reason about probability thresholds, with semantics explicitly designed for coalitions that lack a shared source of randomness. On the practical side, we implement and evaluate a solver for the threshold and almost-sure problem based on the algorithms that we develop.}, author = {Brice, Leonard J and Henzinger, Thomas A and Montaseri, Alipasha and Shafiee, Ali and Thejaswini, K. S.}, booktitle = {38th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification}, isbn = {9783032325181}, issn = {1611-3349}, location = {Lisbon, Portugal}, pages = {215--236}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Randomise alone, reach as a team}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-032-32519-8_12}, volume = {16682}, year = {2026}, } @inproceedings{22722, abstract = {The local structure of a protein strongly impacts its function and interactions with other molecules. Representing local biomolecular environments remains a key challenge while applying machine learning approaches over protein structures. The structural and chemical variability of these environments makes them challenging to model, and performing representation learning on these objects remains largely under-explored. In this work, we propose representations for local protein environments that leverage intermediate features from machine learning force fields (MLFFs). We extensively benchmark state-of-the-art MLFFs, comparing their performance across latent spaces and downstream tasks, and show that their embeddings capture local structural (e.g., secondary motifs) and chemical features (e.g., amino acid identity and protonation state), organizing protein environments into a structured manifold. We show that these representations enable zero-shot generalization and transfer across diverse downstream tasks. As a case study, we build a physics-informed, uncertainty-aware chemical shift predictor that achieves state-of-the-art accuracy in biomolecular NMR spectroscopy. Our results establish MLFFs as general-purpose, reusable representation learners for protein modeling, opening new directions in representation learning for structured physical systems. Code and data are available at https://github.com/mb012/MLFF_representation. }, author = {Bojan, Meital I and Vedula, Sanketh and Maddipatla, Sai A and Sellam, Nadav E and Rzayev, Anar and Napoli, Federico and Schanda, Paul and Bronstein, Alexander}, booktitle = {14th International Conference on Learning Representations}, location = {Rio de Janeiro, Brazil}, pages = {100760--100799}, title = {{Representing local protein environments with machine learning force fields}}, volume = {2026}, year = {2026}, } @inproceedings{22719, abstract = {We study the problem of generating paths on a graph that satisfy a collection of w-regular objectives. We propose a decoupled framework in which each objective is assigned to an independent agent that selects a local policy, while a scheduler—oblivious to the graph and objective—dynamically composes these policies into a single path. We ask when such a composition satisfies all objectives, assuming their conjunction is realizable. The framework enables modular policy design but raises fundamental compositional challenges. We show that even extremely fair deterministic schedulers do not ensure correctness, and that stochastic schedulers, while necessary, are insufficient without coordination. For safety objectives, we demonstrate that fully decentralized implementations are impossible, and we introduce a protocol for synchronizing on maximal safe actions. For non-safety objectives, we introduce conventions—simple, a priori restrictions agreed upon before the graph or objectives are revealed—that guarantee satisfaction of all objectives when followed by all agents. We characterize minimally restrictive conventions for major subclasses of w-regular objectives. In particular, Büchi objectives admit universal composition of finite-memory policies without scheduler communication; co-Büchi objectives require only knowledge of whether the agent was scheduled; and parity objectives additionally require knowledge of which agent was scheduled.}, author = {Avni, Guy and Henzinger, Thomas A and Mallik, Kaushik and Sadhukhan, Suman and Thejaswini, K. S.}, booktitle = {38th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification}, isbn = {9783032325181}, issn = {1611-3349}, location = {Lisbon, Portugal}, pages = {237--257}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Decoupled planning for multiple omega-regular objectives}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-032-32519-8_13}, volume = {16682}, year = {2026}, } @article{22713, abstract = {Ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) observatories have detected approximately 200 binary black hole (BH) mergers. The astrophysical origin of these events is debated, with evidence suggesting that at least a subset originated from dynamic environments characterized by frequent close encounters. Accretion disks in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are of particular interest, as certain observed features could be more readily produced within such environments. In this paper, we investigate the expected properties of mergers in these environments, and their dependence on various parameters, using 1D N-body simulations combined with a comprehensive semianalytical model. In our fiducial model, the distributions of masses (m1 and m2) and mass ratios (q ≡ m2/m1 ≤ 1) are similar to those observed. However, they depend strongly on the lifetime and density of the AGN disk and on the number and accretion efficiency of BHs, with higher masses predicted as these quantities increase. The most massive mergers, such as GW231123, can be produced either by efficient gas accretion or by hierarchical mergers among ≥3 generations of BHs. The observed negative correlation between q and the average effective spin (χeff), along with the positive correlation between χeff and the chirp mass (Mchirp), can be explained by a combination of efficient gas accretion, which promotes spin alignment, and hierarchical mergers, which produce high-∣χeff∣ and low-q binaries. Hierarchical mergers can also explain the negative correlation between q and the dispersion of χeff, as well as the positive correlation between ∣χeff∣and Mchirp. We present a comprehensive study on how the expected distribution of each of these quantities depends on model parameters and assumptions, which will aid the interpretation of observed GW population properties.}, author = {Tagawa, Hiromichi and Haiman, Zoltán and Kocsis, Bence}, issn = {1538-4357}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, number = {1}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{Properties of black hole mergers in disks of active galactic nuclei}}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ae8760}, volume = {1007}, year = {2026}, } @article{22720, abstract = {Circadian clocks underlie daily rhythms in physiology by coordinating temporal patterns of gene expression and protein function throughout the body. At the core of this system in mammals is CLOCK/BMAL1, a ubiquitously expressed heterodimeric transcription factor complex that orchestrates tissue-specific circadian gene expression. The basis for this specificity remains unclear, but tissue-specific interactions at chromatin could provide one. Here we used chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to mass spectrometry to map CLOCK/BMAL1-associated protein complexes on chromatin in mouse liver, kidney and lung. We detected 1,510 associated proteins, most of which were tissue-specific and not explained by protein abundance. Among these, we identified the homeodomain transcription factors PROX1, HNF1B and HOXA5 as tissue-enriched interactors that bind BMAL1, co-occupy most BMAL1 genomic sites and establish organ-restricted circadian transcription. Our findings demonstrate that tissue-specific transcription factors confer cellular identity on the core clock, thereby contributing to organ-specific patterns of rhythmic gene expression.}, author = {Aygenli, Fatih and Huschet, Lukas A. and Popp, Tanja and Ribeiro, Andrea and Barkhatova, Darina and Jouffe, Céline and Trozzo, Ricardo and Menet, Jerome S. and Rad, Roland and Dyar, Kenneth A. and Lech, Maciej and Straub, Tobias and Michael, Alicia and Robles, Maria S.}, issn = {1476-4679}, journal = {Nature Cell Biology}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{CLOCK/BMAL1 interactome uncovers homeodomain factors as tissue regulators}}, doi = {10.1038/s41556-026-02041-4}, year = {2026}, } @article{22718, abstract = {Both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids may exhibit complex slip behaviour at the boundary. We examine a broad class of slip boundary conditions that generalises the commonly used Navier slip, perfect slip, stick-slip and Tresca friction boundary conditions. In particular, set-valued, nonmonotone, noncoercive and dynamic relations may occur. For a unifying framework of such relations, we present a fully discrete numerical scheme for the time-dependent Navier–Stokes equations subject to impermeability and general slip-type boundary conditions on polyhedral domains. Based on compactness arguments, we prove convergence of subsequences, finally ensuring the existence of a weak solution. The numerical scheme uses a general inf-sup stable pair of finite element spaces for the velocity and pressure, a regularisation approach for the implicit slip boundary condition and, most importantly, a general Nitsche method to impose the impermeability and a backward Euler time stepping. One of the key tools in the convergence proof is an inhomogeneous Korn inequality that includes a normal trace term.}, author = {Gazca-Orozco, Pablo Alexei and Gmeineder, Franz and Maringová, Erika and Tscherpel, Tabea}, issn = {1793-6314}, journal = {Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences}, publisher = {World Scientific Publishing}, title = {{A Nitsche method for incompressible fluids with general dynamic boundary conditions}}, doi = {10.1142/S0218202526500508}, year = {2026}, } @article{22734, abstract = {Silver selenide (Ag2Se) is a promising near-room-temperature thermoelectric material, but its narrow stoichiometric window and β–α phase transition complicate reproducible microstructure control. Here, we present a mismatch-assisted microstructure engineering strategy in which Ag2Se particles are treated with polyanionic ZnSe complexes and consolidated through the β–α transition to introduce ZnSe nanoprecipitates, Ag2Se/ZnSe interfaces, and local strain fields. The crystallographic mismatch between ZnSe and Ag2Se, together with the Zn2+/Ag+ size difference, amplifies phase-transition-induced deformation and promotes high-density dislocations with periodic strain modulations. This defect architecture suppresses grain coarsening, removes excess Ag, limits Ag-interstitial formation, and reduces lattice thermal conductivity through lattice softening and multiscale phonon scattering. Ag2Se–4%ZnSe nanocomposites achieve a peak zTmax of 1.13 at 369 K and a zTavg of 1.08 from 300 to 380 K, demonstrating mismatch-driven defect engineering through the β–α phase transition as a route for optimizing Ag2Se-based thermoelectrics.}, author = {Liu, Yu and Kleinhanns, Tobias and Spadaro, Maria Chiara and Genç, Aziz and Horta, Sharona and Navita, Navita and Costanzo, Tommaso and Dutkiewicz, Ewelina and Arbiol, Jordi and Hong, Min and Ibáñez, Maria}, issn = {2380-8195}, journal = {ACS Energy Letters}, number = {8}, pages = {5752--5762}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, title = {{Exploiting mismatch strain and the β–α phase transition for microstructural engineering in thermoelectric Ag2Se}}, doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.6c01499}, volume = {11}, year = {2026}, } @article{22715, abstract = {Grazing-incidence small-angle scattering (GISAS) is a relatively young technique with important applications in thin-film technology and untapped potential when it comes to 2D analysis on an absolute intensity scale. Approaching standardization and reference methods early is foundational for reproducibility and comparability across laboratories and reduction of systematic error sources. It underpins trust in data obtained and accelerates innovation by ensuring that scientists work from a common methodological baseline. Accordingly, obtaining reproducible results from different GISAS instruments requires an agreement on how measurements are performed, instruments calibrated and terms defined. To pave the way for standardization and reference methods, we surveyed GISAS practitioners on what comes before an experiment: hardware, software, sample alignment and instrument calibration. Twenty-two questions were designed to elucidate the state of the art, which can be used for the development of reference methods. Our data on 27 instruments provide the basis for standardization. With very few exceptions, we found laboratories prepared to implement future reference methods, but no consensus emerges naturally for sample alignment and instrument calibration. We, that is the GISAS community, are thus in a position to embark on the journey of standardization.}, author = {Hörmann, Anja F. and Balazs, Daniel and Breßler, Ingo and Klokic, Sumea and Moradi, Melika and Solano, Eduardo and Stellhorn, Annika and Pauw, Brian R.}, issn = {1600-5767}, journal = {Journal of Applied Crystallography}, keywords = {grazing incidence, reference methods, calibration, standardization, community}, number = {4}, pages = {1247--1253}, publisher = {International Union of Crystallography}, title = {{Grazing-incidence scattering surveyed: Towards reference methods for alignment and calibration}}, doi = {10.1107/S1600576726005741}, volume = {59}, year = {2026}, } @article{22716, abstract = {We give an algorithm that, with high probability, maintains a (1-ε)-approximate s-t maximum flow in undirected, uncapacitated n-vertex graphs undergoing m edge insertions in Õ(m+ n F^*/ε) total update time, where F^{*} is the maximum flow on the final graph. This is the first algorithm to achieve polylogarithmic amortized update time for dense graphs (m = Ω(n²)), and more generally, for graphs where F^* = Õ(m/n). At the heart of our incremental algorithm is the residual graph sparsification technique of Karger and Levine [SICOMP '15], originally designed for computing exact maximum flows in the static setting. Our main contributions are (i) showing how to maintain such sparsifiers for approximate maximum flows in the incremental setting and (ii) generalizing the cut sparsification framework of Fung et al. [SICOMP '19] from undirected graphs to balanced directed graphs.}, author = {Goranci, Gramoz and Henzinger, Monika H and Räcke, Harald and Sricharan, A. R.}, issn = {1549-6333}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Algorithms}, number = {3}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {{Incremental approximate maximum flow via residual graph sparsification}}, doi = {10.1145/3816252}, volume = {22}, year = {2026}, } @article{22714, abstract = {Radial glial progenitors (RGPs) generate all projection neurons (PNs) in the cerebral cortex through incompletely understood processes. We combined Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers at embryonic stages (E)12.5 and E13.5 with early postnatal callosal tracing to dissect RGP lineage progression. We find that multipotent RGPs generate all extra-telencephalic (ET) and intra-telencephalic (IT) PNs via parallel sublineages that emerge simultaneously at neurogenesis onset. ET-PN production progresses exclusively via small, self-consuming lineages; IT-PN lineages feature RGPs generating large translaminar outputs. The early emergence of IT-PN–fated RGPs, coinciding with a switch to direct neurogenesis, contributes to the stereotyped population-level progression of the multipotent lineage. We also identify POU3F transcription factors as candidate regulators of IT-PN fate via noncanonical mitotic chromatin binding. The results support a model whereby IT- and ET-PNs arise from an early bifurcation and parallel specification within the multipotent RGP lineage.}, author = {Varela Martínez, Irene and Villalba Requena, Ana and García-Marqués, Jorge and Aguilera, Alfonso and Castro, Diogo S. and Hippenmeyer, Simon and Nieto, Marta}, issn = {2375-2548}, journal = {Science Advances}, number = {32}, pages = {eadw5487}, publisher = {AAAS}, title = {{Early fate diversification of radial glial progenitors during corticogenesis}}, doi = {10.1126/sciadv.adw5487}, volume = {12}, year = {2026}, } @article{22712, abstract = {Ginseng (Panax ginseng) derives its renowned therapeutic properties from ginsenoside metabolites. However, the long cultivation cycle and susceptibility to diseases hinder the advancement of the ginseng industry. Here, we demonstrate that the embryonic protoderm of ginseng can efficiently produce ginsenosides. Single-cell transcriptome and mass spectrometry imaging analyses reveal that ginsenosides accumulate in the protoderm of ginseng embryonic callus (EC) at levels comparable to those in forest ginseng. Epigenetic analyses indicate that elevated histone acetylation and enhanced chromatin accessibility at regeneration- and ginsenoside metabolism-related gene loci are associated with the ginsenoside-producing capacity of EC. Increasing histone acetylation levels or overexpressing the regeneration-related WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX11 (WOX11) gene further enhances ginsenoside production in EC. Our findings suggest that the protoderm of EC could serve as an in situ biological compartment for high-efficiency ginsenoside producion, offering a complementary approach to traditional ginseng cultivation.}, author = {Liu, Juan and Zhai, Ning and Zhang, Shiyi and Tamada, Yosuke and Li, Tonghui and Zhang, Linfan and Chen, Tong and Wang, Chenglin and Yang, Jian and Gao, Jiaqi and Li, Xiang and Zhou, Junhui and Zhang, Yonghong and Liu, Yu and Wang, Yuan and Friml, Jiří and Benková, Eva and Li, Chen and Xu, Lin and Huang, Luqi}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Single-cell analyses identify the ginseng embryonic protoderm as a native compartment for high-efficiency ginsenoside production}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-74881-5}, volume = {17}, year = {2026}, } @misc{22687, abstract = {Understanding enzyme function requires characterizing not only static structure but also dynamics and ligand interactions. NMR spectroscopy provides this insight at atomic resolution, yet for large proteins the difficulty of resonance assignment has largely confined such studies to systems below ∼50 kDa, or to observing only methyl groups. Here we present an integrated magic-angle spinning (MAS) and solution NMR study of the 134 kDa tetrameric malate dehydrogenase from Ignicoccus islandicus (IiMDH), an enzyme of particular interest as an evolutionary intermediate between allosteric lactate dehydrogenases and non-allosteric malate dehydrogenases. By combining high-dimensional (up to 4D) MAS NMR experiments on sedimented protein with solution NMR, we achieved 92% backbone heavy- atom assignment and 91% assignment of all Ile-δ1, Leu-δ1/-δ2, Val-γ1/-γ2, Met-ε and Thr-γ methyl groups. Building on these assignments, we use various probes of backbone and sidechain dynamics: elevated MAS NMR 15N rotating-frame relaxation (R1ρ) points to microsecond motions in functionally critical regions, including the catalytic loop and the mobile surface loop. Complementary methyl-axis order parameters from solution NMR identified additional flexible sites in the hydrophobic core. Chemical shift perturbation experiments upon addition of the substrate analogue oxamate, monitored via backbone 1H-15N TROSY, revealed both active-site contacts and responses in helices α2F and α3G, regions implicated in allosteric signal transmission. The integrated approach demonstrated here exploits the distinct strengths of MAS and solution NMR, and provides a comprehensive view of structure, dynamics, and substrate interactions in a large oligomeric enzyme that would not be accessible by either technique alone.}, author = {Schanda, Paul and Napoli, Federico}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Data and scripts for: "Integrated solid/solution NMR assignment allows mapping dynamics and ligand binding in a 134 kDa enzyme"}}, doi = {10.15479/AT-ISTA-22687}, year = {2026}, } @phdthesis{22694, abstract = {We develop and employ techniques from equivariant algebraic K-theory and related invariants in the context of geometric representation theory, in both arithmetic and topological situations. We showcase the use of such techniques on the affine Grassmannian Gr, a space of fundamental interest in the geometric Langlands program. It is a deep development of mathematics of the last century that many concrete, yet combina- torially complex algebraic problems may be effectively studied through the lens of algebraic geometry. The objects of interest can be often realized as cohomological invariants of algebraic varieties, and good understanding of their geometry sheds light into the original questions. Such techniques have seen immense applications in the Langlands program, where they go under the label of geometric representation theory. One source of powerful invariants in algebraic geometry comes from algebraic K-theory, Hochschild homology, and their relatives. These localizing invariants contain large amount of information, but are quite hard to compute. For this reason, their usage in geometric representation theory has been limited. The aim of this thesis is to showcase how to control such invariants in the situations of interest and use them to obtain new insights. We start by reinterpreting equivariant Hochschild homology in terms of functions on certain fixed-point schemes, which are of independent interest. We compare it to equivariant K-theory via the trace map. We give new computations and comparisons of such invariants of affine Schubert varieties in Gr, including arithmetic situations. We show that they behave much better than expected. We finally utilize this circle of ideas in a purely topological setting. We describe the varying fixed points of the extended torus action on the affine Grassmannian, and use it to compute its equivariant topological K-theory ring. The answer is nontrivial and verifies an outstanding conjecture in the subject. We compare, partly conjecturally, the resulting K-theory ring to the completed center of an integral even hybrid quantum group and its deformed quantum category O. This gives a genuine application of our computations in pure representation theory.}, author = {Löwit, Jakub}, issn = {2663-337X}, pages = {185}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Equivariant K-theory of affine Grassmannians in representation theory and arithmetic}}, doi = {10.15479/AT-ISTA-22694}, year = {2026}, }