@article{7236, abstract = {The biotic interactions hypothesis posits that biotic interactions are more important drivers of adaptation closer to the equator, evidenced by “stronger” contemporary interactions (e.g. greater interaction rates) and/or patterns of trait evolution consistent with a history of stronger interactions. Support for the hypothesis is mixed, but few studies span tropical and temperate regions while experimentally controlling for evolutionary history. Here, we integrate field observations and common garden experiments to quantify the relative importance of pollination and herbivory in a pair of tropical‐temperate congeneric perennial herbs. Phytolacca rivinoides and P. americana are pioneer species native to the Neotropics and the eastern USA, respectively. We compared plant‐pollinator and plant‐herbivore interactions between three tropical populations of P. rivinoides from Costa Rica and three temperate populations of P. americana from its northern range edge in Michigan and Ohio. For some metrics of interaction importance, we also included three subtropical populations of P. americana from its southern range edge in Florida. This approach confounds species and region but allows us, uniquely, to measure complementary proxies of interaction importance across a tropical‐temperate range in one system. To test the prediction that lower‐latitude plants are more reliant on insect pollinators, we quantified floral display and reward, insect visitation rates, and self‐pollination ability (autogamy). To test the prediction that lower‐latitude plants experience more herbivore pressure, we quantified herbivory rates, herbivore abundance, and leaf palatability. We found evidence supporting the biotic interactions hypothesis for most comparisons between P. rivinoides and north‐temperate P. americana (floral display, insect visitation, autogamy, herbivory, herbivore abundance, and young‐leaf palatability). Results for subtropical P. americana populations, however, were typically not intermediate between P. rivinoides and north‐temperate P. americana, as would be predicted by a linear latitudinal gradient in interaction importance. Subtropical young‐leaf palatability was intermediate, but subtropical mature leaves were the least palatable, and pollination‐related traits did not differ between temperate and subtropical regions. These nonlinear patterns of interaction importance suggest future work to relate interaction importance to climatic or biotic thresholds. In sum, we found that the biotic interactions hypothesis was more consistently supported at the larger spatial scale of our study.}, author = {Baskett, Carina and Schroeder, Lucy and Weber, Marjorie G. and Schemske, Douglas W.}, issn = {1557-7015}, journal = {Ecological Monographs}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Multiple metrics of latitudinal patterns in insect pollination and herbivory for a tropical‐temperate congener pair}}, doi = {10.1002/ecm.1397}, volume = {90}, year = {2020}, } @article{7253, abstract = {The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57KIP2 is encoded by the imprinted Cdkn1c locus, exhibits maternal expression, and is essential for cerebral cortex development. How Cdkn1c regulates corticogenesis is however not clear. To this end we employ Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM) technology to genetically dissect Cdkn1c gene function in corticogenesis at single cell resolution. We find that the previously described growth-inhibitory Cdkn1c function is a non-cell-autonomous one, acting on the whole organism. In contrast we reveal a growth-promoting cell-autonomous Cdkn1c function which at the mechanistic level mediates radial glial progenitor cell and nascent projection neuron survival. Strikingly, the growth-promoting function of Cdkn1c is highly dosage sensitive but not subject to genomic imprinting. Collectively, our results suggest that the Cdkn1c locus regulates cortical development through distinct cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. More generally, our study highlights the importance to probe the relative contributions of cell intrinsic gene function and tissue-wide mechanisms to the overall phenotype.}, author = {Laukoter, Susanne and Beattie, Robert J and Pauler, Florian and Amberg, Nicole and Nakayama, Keiichi I. and Hippenmeyer, Simon}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Imprinted Cdkn1c genomic locus cell-autonomously promotes cell survival in cerebral cortex development}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-14077-2}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{7272, abstract = {Many systems rely on optimistic concurrent search trees for multi-core scalability. In principle, optimistic trees have a simple performance story: searches are read-only and so run in parallel, with writes to shared memory occurring only when modifying the data structure. However, this paper shows that in practice, obtaining the full performance benefits of optimistic search trees is not so simple. We focus on optimistic binary search trees (BSTs) and perform a detailed performance analysis of 10 state-of-the-art BSTs on large scale x86-64 hardware, using both microbenchmarks and an in-memory database system. We find and explain significant unexpected performance differences between BSTs with similar tree structure and search implementations, which we trace to subtle performance-degrading interactions of BSTs with systems software and hardware subsystems. We further derive a prescriptive approach to avoid this performance degradation, as well as algorithmic insights on optimistic BST design. Our work underlines the gap between the theory and practice of multi-core performance, and calls for further research to help bridge this gap.}, author = {Arbel-Raviv, Maya and Brown, Trevor A and Morrison, Adam}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2018 USENIX Annual Technical Conference}, isbn = {9781939133021}, location = {Boston, MA, United States}, pages = {295--306}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, title = {{Getting to the root of concurrent binary search tree performance}}, year = {2020}, } @article{7343, abstract = {Coinfections with multiple pathogens can result in complex within‐host dynamics affecting virulence and transmission. While multiple infections are intensively studied in solitary hosts, it is so far unresolved how social host interactions interfere with pathogen competition, and if this depends on coinfection diversity. We studied how the collective disease defences of ants – their social immunity – influence pathogen competition in coinfections of same or different fungal pathogen species. Social immunity reduced virulence for all pathogen combinations, but interfered with spore production only in different‐species coinfections. Here, it decreased overall pathogen sporulation success while increasing co‐sporulation on individual cadavers and maintaining a higher pathogen diversity at the community level. Mathematical modelling revealed that host sanitary care alone can modulate competitive outcomes between pathogens, giving advantage to fast‐germinating, thus less grooming‐sensitive ones. Host social interactions can hence modulate infection dynamics in coinfected group members, thereby altering pathogen communities at the host level and population level.}, author = {Milutinovic, Barbara and Stock, Miriam and Grasse, Anna V and Naderlinger, Elisabeth and Hilbe, Christian and Cremer, Sylvia}, issn = {1461-0248}, journal = {Ecology Letters}, number = {3}, pages = {565--574}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Social immunity modulates competition between coinfecting pathogens}}, doi = {10.1111/ele.13458}, volume = {23}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{7346, abstract = {The Price of Anarchy (PoA) is a well-established game-theoretic concept to shed light on coordination issues arising in open distributed systems. Leaving agents to selfishly optimize comes with the risk of ending up in sub-optimal states (in terms of performance and/or costs), compared to a centralized system design. However, the PoA relies on strong assumptions about agents' rationality (e.g., resources and information) and interactions, whereas in many distributed systems agents interact locally with bounded resources. They do so repeatedly over time (in contrast to "one-shot games"), and their strategies may evolve. Using a more realistic evolutionary game model, this paper introduces a realized evolutionary Price of Anarchy (ePoA). The ePoA allows an exploration of equilibrium selection in dynamic distributed systems with multiple equilibria, based on local interactions of simple memoryless agents. Considering a fundamental game related to virus propagation on networks, we present analytical bounds on the ePoA in basic network topologies and for different strategy update dynamics. In particular, deriving stationary distributions of the stochastic evolutionary process, we find that the Nash equilibria are not always the most abundant states, and that different processes can feature significant off-equilibrium behavior, leading to a significantly higher ePoA compared to the PoA studied traditionally in the literature. }, author = {Schmid, Laura and Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Schmid, Stefan}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems}, location = {Neuchâtel, Switzerland}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{The evolutionary price of anarchy: Locally bounded agents in a dynamic virus game}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2019.21}, volume = {153}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{7348, abstract = {The monitoring of event frequencies can be used to recognize behavioral anomalies, to identify trends, and to deduce or discard hypotheses about the underlying system. For example, the performance of a web server may be monitored based on the ratio of the total count of requests from the least and most active clients. Exact frequency monitoring, however, can be prohibitively expensive; in the above example it would require as many counters as there are clients. In this paper, we propose the efficient probabilistic monitoring of common frequency properties, including the mode (i.e., the most common event) and the median of an event sequence. We define a logic to express composite frequency properties as a combination of atomic frequency properties. Our main contribution is an algorithm that, under suitable probabilistic assumptions, can be used to monitor these important frequency properties with four counters, independent of the number of different events. Our algorithm samples longer and longer subwords of an infinite event sequence. We prove the almost-sure convergence of our algorithm by generalizing ergodic theory from increasing-length prefixes to increasing-length subwords of an infinite sequence. A similar algorithm could be used to learn a connected Markov chain of a given structure from observing its outputs, to arbitrary precision, for a given confidence. }, author = {Ferrere, Thomas and Henzinger, Thomas A and Kragl, Bernhard}, booktitle = {28th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic}, isbn = {9783959771320}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Barcelona, Spain}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Monitoring event frequencies}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2020.20}, volume = {152}, year = {2020}, } @article{7350, abstract = {The ability to sense environmental temperature and to coordinate growth and development accordingly, is critical to the reproductive success of plants. Flowering time is regulated at the level of gene expression by a complex network of factors that integrate environmental and developmental cues. One of the main players, involved in modulating flowering time in response to changes in ambient temperature is FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM). FLM transcripts can undergo extensive alternative splicing producing multiple variants, of which FLM-β and FLM-δ are the most representative. While FLM-β codes for the flowering repressor FLM protein, translation of FLM-δ has the opposite effect on flowering. Here we show that the cyclin-dependent kinase G2 (CDKG2), together with its cognate cyclin, CYCLYN L1 (CYCL1) affects the alternative splicing of FLM, balancing the levels of FLM-β and FLM-δ across the ambient temperature range. In the absence of the CDKG2/CYCL1 complex, FLM-β expression is reduced while FLM-δ is increased in a temperature dependent manner and these changes are associated with an early flowering phenotype in the cdkg2 mutant lines. In addition, we found that transcript variants retaining the full FLM intron 1 are sequestered in the cell nucleus. Strikingly, FLM intron 1 splicing is also regulated by CDKG2/CYCL1. Our results provide evidence that temperature and CDKs regulate the alternative splicing of FLM, contributing to flowering time definition.}, author = {Nibau, Candida and Gallemi, Marçal and Dadarou, Despoina and Doonan, John H. and Cavallari, Nicola}, issn = {1664-462X}, journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, title = {{Thermo-sensitive alternative splicing of FLOWERING LOCUS M is modulated by cyclin-dependent kinase G2}}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.01680}, volume = {10}, year = {2020}, } @article{7369, abstract = {Neuronal responses to complex stimuli and tasks can encompass a wide range of time scales. Understanding these responses requires measures that characterize how the information on these response patterns are represented across multiple temporal resolutions. In this paper we propose a metric – which we call multiscale relevance (MSR) – to capture the dynamical variability of the activity of single neurons across different time scales. The MSR is a non-parametric, fully featureless indicator in that it uses only the time stamps of the firing activity without resorting to any a priori covariate or invoking any specific structure in the tuning curve for neural activity. When applied to neural data from the mEC and from the ADn and PoS regions of freely-behaving rodents, we found that neurons having low MSR tend to have low mutual information and low firing sparsity across the correlates that are believed to be encoded by the region of the brain where the recordings were made. In addition, neurons with high MSR contain significant information on spatial navigation and allow to decode spatial position or head direction as efficiently as those neurons whose firing activity has high mutual information with the covariate to be decoded and significantly better than the set of neurons with high local variations in their interspike intervals. Given these results, we propose that the MSR can be used as a measure to rank and select neurons for their information content without the need to appeal to any a priori covariate.}, author = {Cubero, Ryan J and Marsili, Matteo and Roudi, Yasser}, issn = {1573-6873}, journal = {Journal of Computational Neuroscience}, keywords = {Time series analysis, Multiple time scale analysis, Spike train data, Information theory, Bayesian decoding}, pages = {85--102}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Multiscale relevance and informative encoding in neuronal spike trains}}, doi = {10.1007/s10827-020-00740-x}, volume = {48}, year = {2020}, } @misc{7383, abstract = {Organisms cope with change by employing transcriptional regulators. However, when faced with rare environments, the evolution of transcriptional regulators and their promoters may be too slow. We ask whether the intrinsic instability of gene duplication and amplification provides a generic alternative to canonical gene regulation. By real-time monitoring of gene copy number mutations in E. coli, we show that gene duplications and amplifications enable adaptation to fluctuating environments by rapidly generating copy number, and hence expression level, polymorphism. This ‘amplification-mediated gene expression tuning’ occurs on timescales similar to canonical gene regulation and can deal with rapid environmental changes. Mathematical modeling shows that amplifications also tune gene expression in stochastic environments where transcription factor-based schemes are hard to evolve or maintain. The fleeting nature of gene amplifications gives rise to a generic population-level mechanism that relies on genetic heterogeneity to rapidly tune expression of any gene, without leaving any genomic signature.}, author = {Grah, Rok}, keywords = {Matlab scripts, analysis of microfluidics, mathematical model}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Matlab scripts for the Paper: Gene Amplification as a Form of Population-Level Gene Expression regulation}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:7383}, year = {2020}, } @article{7388, abstract = {We give a Wong-Zakai type characterisation of the solutions of quasilinear heat equations driven by space-time white noise in 1 + 1 dimensions. In order to show that the renormalisation counterterms are local in the solution, a careful arrangement of a few hundred terms is required. The main tool in this computation is a general ‘integration by parts’ formula that provides a number of linear identities for the renormalisation constants.}, author = {Gerencser, Mate}, issn = {0294-1449}, journal = {Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré C, Analyse non linéaire}, number = {3}, pages = {663--682}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Nondivergence form quasilinear heat equations driven by space-time white noise}}, doi = {10.1016/j.anihpc.2020.01.003}, volume = {37}, year = {2020}, } @article{7389, abstract = {Recently Kloeckner described the structure of the isometry group of the quadratic Wasserstein space W_2(R^n). It turned out that the case of the real line is exceptional in the sense that there exists an exotic isometry flow. Following this line of investigation, we compute Isom(W_p(R)), the isometry group of the Wasserstein space W_p(R) for all p \in [1,\infty) \setminus {2}. We show that W_2(R) is also exceptional regarding the parameter p: W_p(R) is isometrically rigid if and only if p is not equal to 2. Regarding the underlying space, we prove that the exceptionality of p = 2 disappears if we replace R by the compact interval [0,1]. Surprisingly, in that case, W_p([0,1]) is isometrically rigid if and only if p is not equal to 1. Moreover, W_1([0,1]) admits isometries that split mass, and Isom(W_1([0,1])) cannot be embedded into Isom(W_1(R)).}, author = {Geher, Gyorgy Pal and Titkos, Tamas and Virosztek, Daniel}, issn = {1088-6850}, journal = {Transactions of the American Mathematical Society}, keywords = {Wasserstein space, isometric embeddings, isometric rigidity, exotic isometry flow}, number = {8}, pages = {5855--5883}, publisher = {American Mathematical Society}, title = {{Isometric study of Wasserstein spaces - the real line}}, doi = {10.1090/tran/8113}, volume = {373}, year = {2020}, } @inbook{74, abstract = {We study the Gromov waist in the sense of t-neighborhoods for measures in the Euclidean space, motivated by the famous theorem of Gromov about the waist of radially symmetric Gaussian measures. In particular, it turns our possible to extend Gromov’s original result to the case of not necessarily radially symmetric Gaussian measure. We also provide examples of measures having no t-neighborhood waist property, including a rather wide class of compactly supported radially symmetric measures and their maps into the Euclidean space of dimension at least 2. We use a simpler form of Gromov’s pancake argument to produce some estimates of t-neighborhoods of (weighted) volume-critical submanifolds in the spirit of the waist theorems, including neighborhoods of algebraic manifolds in the complex projective space. In the appendix of this paper we provide for reader’s convenience a more detailed explanation of the Caffarelli theorem that we use to handle not necessarily radially symmetric Gaussian measures.}, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Karasev, Roman}, booktitle = {Geometric Aspects of Functional Analysis}, editor = {Klartag, Bo'az and Milman, Emanuel}, isbn = {9783030360191}, issn = {1617-9692}, pages = {1--27}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Gromov's waist of non-radial Gaussian measures and radial non-Gaussian measures}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-36020-7_1}, volume = {2256}, year = {2020}, } @inbook{7410, abstract = {Epiboly is a conserved gastrulation movement describing the thinning and spreading of a sheet or multi-layer of cells. The zebrafish embryo has emerged as a vital model system to address the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive epiboly. In the zebrafish embryo, the blastoderm, consisting of a simple squamous epithelium (the enveloping layer) and an underlying mass of deep cells, as well as a yolk nuclear syncytium (the yolk syncytial layer) undergo epiboly to internalize the yolk cell during gastrulation. The major events during zebrafish epiboly are: expansion of the enveloping layer and the internal yolk syncytial layer, reduction and removal of the yolk membrane ahead of the advancing blastoderm margin and deep cell rearrangements between the enveloping layer and yolk syncytial layer to thin the blastoderm. Here, work addressing the cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as the sources of the mechanical forces that underlie these events is reviewed. The contribution of recent findings to the current model of epiboly as well as open questions and future prospects are also discussed.}, author = {Bruce, Ashley E.E. and Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J}, booktitle = {Gastrulation: From Embryonic Pattern to Form}, editor = {Solnica-Krezel, Lilianna }, isbn = {9780128127988}, issn = {0070-2153}, pages = {319--341}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Mechanisms of zebrafish epiboly: A current view}}, doi = {10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.07.001}, volume = {136}, year = {2020}, } @article{7416, abstract = {Earlier, we demonstrated that transcript levels of METAL TOLERANCE PROTEIN2 (MTP2) and of HEAVY METAL ATPase2 (HMA2) increase strongly in roots of Arabidopsis upon prolonged zinc (Zn) deficiency and respond to shoot physiological Zn status, and not to the local Zn status in roots. This provided evidence for shoot-to-root communication in the acclimation of plants to Zn deficiency. Zn-deficient soils limit both the yield and quality of agricultural crops and can result in clinically relevant nutritional Zn deficiency in human populations. Implementing Zn deficiency during cultivation of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana on agar-solidified media is difficult because trace element contaminations are present in almost all commercially available agars. Here, we demonstrate root morphological acclimations to Zn deficiency on agar-solidified medium following the effective removal of contaminants. These advancements allow reproducible phenotyping toward understanding fundamental plant responses to deficiencies of Zn and other essential trace elements.}, author = {Sinclair, Scott A and Krämer, U.}, issn = {1559-2324}, journal = {Plant Signaling & Behavior}, number = {1}, publisher = {Taylor & Francis}, title = {{Generation of effective zinc-deficient agar-solidified media allows identification of root morphology changes in response to zinc limitation}}, doi = {10.1080/15592324.2019.1687175}, volume = {15}, year = {2020}, } @article{7417, abstract = {Previously, we reported that the allelic de-etiolated by zinc (dez) and trichome birefringence (tbr) mutants exhibit photomorphogenic development in the dark, which is enhanced by high Zn. TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE-LIKE proteins had been implicated in transferring acetyl groups to various hemicelluloses. Pectin O-acetylation levels were lower in dark-grown dez seedlings than in the wild type. We observed Zn-enhanced photomorphogenesis in the dark also in the reduced wall acetylation 2 (rwa2-3) mutant, which exhibits lowered O-acetylation levels of cell wall macromolecules including pectins and xyloglucans, supporting a role for cell wall macromolecule O-acetylation in the photomorphogenic phenotypes of rwa2-3 and dez. Application of very short oligogalacturonides (vsOGs) restored skotomorphogenesis in dark-grown dez and rwa2-3. Here we demonstrate that in dez, O-acetylation of non-pectin cell wall components, notably of xyloglucan, is enhanced. Our results highlight the complexity of cell wall homeostasis and indicate against an influence of xyloglucan O-acetylation on light-dependent seedling development.}, author = {Sinclair, Scott A and Gille, S. and Pauly, M. and Krämer, U.}, issn = {1559-2324}, journal = {Plant Signaling & Behavior}, number = {1}, publisher = {Informa UK Limited}, title = {{Regulation of acetylation of plant cell wall components is complex and responds to external stimuli}}, doi = {10.1080/15592324.2019.1687185}, volume = {15}, year = {2020}, } @article{7428, abstract = {In the superconducting regime of FeTe(1−x)Sex, there exist two types of vortices which are distinguished by the presence or absence of zero-energy states in their core. To understand their origin, we examine the interplay of Zeeman coupling and superconducting pairings in three-dimensional metals with band inversion. Weak Zeeman fields are found to suppress intraorbital spin-singlet pairing, known to localize the states at the ends of the vortices on the surface. On the other hand, an orbital-triplet pairing is shown to be stable against Zeeman interactions, but leads to delocalized zero-energy Majorana modes which extend through the vortex. In contrast, the finite-energy vortex modes remain localized at the vortex ends even when the pairing is of orbital-triplet form. Phenomenologically, this manifests as an observed disappearance of zero-bias peaks within the cores of topological vortices upon an increase of the applied magnetic field. The presence of magnetic impurities in FeTe(1−x)Sex, which are attracted to the vortices, would lead to such Zeeman-induced delocalization of Majorana modes in a fraction of vortices that capture a large enough number of magnetic impurities. Our results provide an explanation for the dichotomy between topological and nontopological vortices recently observed in FeTe(1−x)Sex.}, author = {Ghazaryan, Areg and Lopes, P. L.S. and Hosur, Pavan and Gilbert, Matthew J. and Ghaemi, Pouyan}, issn = {2469-9969}, journal = {Physical Review B}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Effect of Zeeman coupling on the Majorana vortex modes in iron-based topological superconductors}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.101.020504}, volume = {101}, year = {2020}, } @article{7464, abstract = {Retrovirus assembly is driven by the multidomain structural protein Gag. Interactions between the capsid domains (CA) of Gag result in Gag multimerization, leading to an immature virus particle that is formed by a protein lattice based on dimeric, trimeric, and hexameric protein contacts. Among retroviruses the inter- and intra-hexamer contacts differ, especially in the N-terminal sub-domain of CA (CANTD). For HIV-1 the cellular molecule inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) interacts with and stabilizes the immature hexamer, and is required for production of infectious virus particles. We have used in vitro assembly, cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and mutational analyses to study the HIV-related lentivirus equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). In particular, we sought to understand the structural conservation of the immature lentivirus lattice and the role of IP6 in EIAV assembly. Similar to HIV-1, IP6 strongly promoted in vitro assembly of EIAV Gag proteins into virus-like particles (VLPs), which took three morphologically highly distinct forms: narrow tubes, wide tubes, and spheres. Structural characterization of these VLPs to sub-4Å resolution unexpectedly showed that all three morphologies are based on an immature lattice with preserved key structural components, highlighting the structural versatility of CA to form immature assemblies. A direct comparison between EIAV and HIV revealed that both lentiviruses maintain similar immature interfaces, which are established by both conserved and non-conserved residues. In both EIAV and HIV-1, IP6 regulates immature assembly via conserved lysine residues within the CACTD and SP. Lastly, we demonstrate that IP6 stimulates in vitro assembly of immature particles of several other retroviruses in the lentivirus genus, suggesting a conserved role for IP6 in lentiviral assembly.}, author = {Dick, Robert A. and Xu, Chaoyi and Morado, Dustin R. and Kravchuk, Vladyslav and Ricana, Clifton L. and Lyddon, Terri D. and Broad, Arianna M. and Feathers, J. Ryan and Johnson, Marc C. and Vogt, Volker M. and Perilla, Juan R. and Briggs, John A. G. and Schur, Florian KM}, issn = {1553-7374}, journal = {PLOS Pathogens}, number = {1}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, title = {{Structures of immature EIAV Gag lattices reveal a conserved role for IP6 in lentivirus assembly}}, doi = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1008277}, volume = {16}, year = {2020}, } @article{7467, abstract = {Nanomaterials produced from the bottom-up assembly of nanocrystals may incorporate ∼1020–1021 cm–3 not fully coordinated surface atoms, i.e., ∼1020–1021 cm–3 potential donor or acceptor states that can strongly affect transport properties. Therefore, to exploit the full potential of nanocrystal building blocks to produce functional nanomaterials and thin films, a proper control of their surface chemistry is required. Here, we analyze how the ligand stripping procedure influences the charge and heat transport properties of sintered PbSe nanomaterials produced from the bottom-up assembly of colloidal PbSe nanocrystals. First, we show that the removal of the native organic ligands by thermal decomposition in an inert atmosphere leaves relatively large amounts of carbon at the crystal interfaces. This carbon blocks crystal growth during consolidation and at the same time hampers charge and heat transport through the final nanomaterial. Second, we demonstrate that, by stripping ligands from the nanocrystal surface before consolidation, nanomaterials with larger crystal domains, lower porosity, and higher charge carrier concentrations are obtained, thus resulting in nanomaterials with higher electrical and thermal conductivities. In addition, the ligand displacement leaves the nanocrystal surface unprotected, facilitating oxidation and chalcogen evaporation. The influence of the ligand displacement on the nanomaterial charge transport properties is rationalized here using a two-band model based on the standard Boltzmann transport equation with the relaxation time approximation. Finally, we present an application of the produced functional nanomaterials by modeling, fabricating, and testing a simple PbSe-based thermoelectric device with a ring geometry.}, author = {Cadavid, Doris and Ortega, Silvia and Illera, Sergio and Liu, Yu and Ibáñez, Maria and Shavel, Alexey and Zhang, Yu and Li, Mengyao and López, Antonio M. and Noriega, Germán and Durá, Oscar Juan and López De La Torre, M. A. and Prades, Joan Daniel and Cabot, Andreu}, issn = {2574-0962}, journal = {ACS Applied Energy Materials}, number = {3}, pages = {2120--2129}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, title = {{Influence of the ligand stripping on the transport properties of nanoparticle-based PbSe nanomaterials}}, doi = {10.1021/acsaem.9b02137}, volume = {3}, year = {2020}, } @article{7472, abstract = {Temporally organized reactivation of experiences during awake immobility periods is thought to underlie cognitive processes like planning and evaluation. While replay of trajectories is well established for the hippocampus, it is unclear whether the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) can reactivate sequential behavioral experiences in the awake state to support task execution. We simultaneously recorded from hippocampal and mPFC principal neurons in rats performing a mPFC-dependent rule-switching task on a plus maze. We found that mPFC neuronal activity encoded relative positions between the start and goal. During awake immobility periods, the mPFC replayed temporally organized sequences of these generalized positions, resembling entire spatial trajectories. The occurrence of mPFC trajectory replay positively correlated with rule-switching performance. However, hippocampal and mPFC trajectory replay occurred independently, indicating different functions. These results demonstrate that the mPFC can replay ordered activity patterns representing generalized locations and suggest that mPFC replay might have a role in flexible behavior.}, author = {Käfer, Karola and Nardin, Michele and Blahna, Karel and Csicsvari, Jozsef L}, issn = {0896-6273}, journal = {Neuron}, number = {1}, pages = {P154--165.e6}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Replay of behavioral sequences in the medial prefrontal cortex during rule switching}}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.015}, volume = {106}, year = {2020}, } @book{7474, abstract = {This booklet is a collection of abstracts presented at the AHPC conference.}, editor = {Schlögl, Alois and Kiss, Janos and Elefante, Stefano}, isbn = {978-3-99078-004-6}, location = {Klosterneuburg, Austria}, pages = {72}, publisher = {IST Austria}, title = {{Austrian High-Performance-Computing meeting (AHPC2020)}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:7474}, year = {2020}, }