@article{18529,
  abstract     = {Temporal networks are obtained from time-dependent interactions among individuals, whereas the interactions can be emails, phone calls, face-to-face meetings, or work collaboration. In this article, a temporal game framework is established, in which interactions among rational individuals are embedded into two-player games in a time-dependent manner. This allows studying the time-dependent complexity and variability of interactions, and the way they affect prosocial behaviors. Based on this simple mathematical model, it is found that the level of cooperation is promoted when the time of collaboration is equally limited for every individual. This observation is confirmed by a series of systematic human experiments on over 1,400 subjects, forming a foundation for comprehensively describing human temporal interactions in collaboration. The research results reveal an important incentive for human cooperation, leading to a better understanding of a fascinating aspect of human nature in society.},
  author       = {Zhang, Yichao and Wang, Jiasheng and Wen, Guanghui and Guan, Jihong and Zhou, Shuigeng and Chen, Guanrong and Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Perc, Matjaz},
  issn         = {2327-4697},
  journal      = {IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {4--12},
  publisher    = {IEEE},
  title        = {{Limitation of time promotes cooperation in structured collaboration systems}},
  doi          = {10.1109/TNSE.2024.3481434},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{18580,
  abstract     = {Motivated by the study of recurrent orbits and dynamics within a Morse set of a Morse decomposition we introduce the concept of Morse predecomposition of an isolated invariant set within the setting of both combinatorial and classical dynamical systems. While Morse decomposition summarizes solely the gradient part of a dynamical system, the developed generalization extends to the recurrent component as well. In particular, a chain recurrent set, which is indecomposable in terms of Morse decomposition, can be represented more finely in the Morse predecomposition framework. This generalization is achieved by forgoing the poset structure inherent to Morse decomposition and relaxing the notion of connection between Morse sets (elements of Morse decomposition) in favor of what we term ’links’. We prove that a Morse decomposition is a special case of Morse predecomposition indexed by a poset. Additionally, we show how a Morse predecomposition may be condensed back to retrieve a Morse decomposition.},
  author       = {Lipiński, Michał and Mischaikow, Konstantin and Mrozek, Marian},
  issn         = {1662-3592},
  journal      = {Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Systems},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Morse predecomposition of an invariant set}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s12346-024-01144-3},
  volume       = {24},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{18626,
  abstract     = {The local angle property of the (order-1) Delaunay triangulations of a generic set in R2
 asserts that the sum of two angles opposite a common edge is less than π. This paper extends this property to higher order and uses it to generalize two classic properties from order-1 to order-2: (1) among the complete level-2 hypertriangulations of a generic point set in R2, the order-2 Delaunay triangulation lexicographically maximizes the sorted angle vector; (2) among the maximal level-2 hypertriangulations of a generic point set in R2, the order-2 Delaunay triangulation is the only one that has the local angle property. We also use our method of establishing (2) to give a new short proof of the angle vector optimality for the (order-1) Delaunay triangulation. For order-1, both properties have been instrumental in numerous applications of Delaunay triangulations, and we expect that their generalization will make order-2 Delaunay triangulations more attractive to applications as well.},
  author       = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Garber, Alexey and Saghafian, Morteza},
  issn         = {1090-2082},
  journal      = {Advances in Mathematics},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Order-2 Delaunay triangulations optimize angles}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.aim.2024.110055},
  volume       = {461},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{18632,
  abstract     = {For an arbitrary dimension (Formula presented.), we study: the polyharmonic Gaussian field (Formula presented.) on the discrete torus (Formula presented.), that is the random field whose law on (Formula presented.) given by (Formula presented.) where (Formula presented.) is the Lebesgue measure and (Formula presented.) is the discrete Laplacian; the associated discrete Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) measure associated with it, that is, the random measure on (Formula presented.) (Formula presented.) where (Formula presented.) is a regularity parameter. As (Formula presented.), we prove convergence of the fields (Formula presented.) to the polyharmonic Gaussian field (Formula presented.) on the continuous torus (Formula presented.), as well as convergence of the random measures (Formula presented.) to the LQG measure (Formula presented.) on (Formula presented.), for all (Formula presented.). },
  author       = {Dello Schiavo, Lorenzo and Herry, Ronan and Kopfer, Eva and Sturm, Karl Theodor},
  issn         = {1522-2616},
  journal      = {Mathematische Nachrichten},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {244--281},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{Polyharmonic fields and Liouville quantum gravity measures on tori of arbitrary dimension: From discrete to continuous}},
  doi          = {10.1002/mana.202400169},
  volume       = {298},
  year         = {2025},
}

@misc{18697,
  abstract     = {The information-processing capability of the brain’s cellular network depends on the physical wiring pattern between neurons and their molecular and functional characteristics. Mapping neurons and resolving their individual synaptic connections can be achieved by volumetric imaging at nanoscale resolution with dense cellular labelling. Light microscopy is uniquely positioned to visualize specific molecules but dense, synapse-level circuit reconstruction by light microscopy has been out of reach due to limitations in resolution, contrast, and volumetric imaging capability. Here we developed light-microscopy based connectomics (LICONN). We integrated specifically engineered hydrogel embedding and expansion with comprehensive deep-learning based segmentation and analysis of connectivity, thus directly incorporating molecular information in synapse-level brain tissue reconstructions. LICONN will allow synapse-level brain tissue phenotyping in biological experiments in a readily adoptable manner.},
  author       = {Danzl, Johann G and Lyudchik, Julia and Kreuzinger, Caroline},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Light-microscopy based connectomic reconstruction of mammalian brain tissue}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:18697},
  year         = {2025},
}

@misc{18712,
  abstract     = {This file contains the code associated with the manuscript 'Effect of assortative mating and sexual selection on polygenic barriers to gene flow'. },
  author       = {Surendranadh, Parvathy and Sachdeva, Himani},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Mathematica notebook and Fortran code for 'Effect of assortative mating and sexual selection on polygenic barriers to gene flow'}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:17344},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inbook{18765,
  abstract     = {Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM) represents a mouse genetic approach coupling differential fluorescent labeling to genetic manipulations in dividing cells and their lineages. MADM uniquely enables the generation and visualization of individual control or homozygous mutant cells in a heterozygous genetic environment. Among its diverse applications, MADM has been used to dissect cell-autonomous gene functions important for cortical development and neural development in general. The high cellular resolution offered by MADM also permits the analysis of transcriptomic changes of individual cells upon genetic manipulations. In this chapter, we describe an experimental protocol combining the generation and isolation of MADM-labeled cells with downstream single-cell RNA-sequencing technologies to probe cell-type specific phenotypes due to genetic mutations at single-cell resolution.},
  author       = {Cheung, Giselle T and Pauler, Florian and Hippenmeyer, Simon},
  booktitle    = {Lineage Tracing},
  editor       = {Garcia-Marques, Jorge and Lee, Tzumin},
  isbn         = {9781071643099},
  issn         = {1940-6029},
  pages        = {139--151},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Probing Cell-Type Specificity of Mutant Phenotype at Transcriptomic Level Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM)}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-1-0716-4310-5_7},
  volume       = {2886},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{18778,
  abstract     = {Transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) can be repressed by noncoding RNA, including the human RNA Alu. However, the mechanism by which endogenous RNAs repress transcription remains unclear. Here we present cryogenic-electron microscopy structures of Pol II bound to Alu RNA, which reveal that Alu RNA mimics how DNA and RNA bind to Pol II during transcription elongation. Further, we show how distinct domains of the general transcription factor TFIIF control repressive activity. Together, we reveal how a noncoding RNA can regulate mammalian gene expression.},
  author       = {Tluckova, Katarina and Kaczmarek, Beata M and Testa Salmazo, Anita P and Bernecky, Carrie A},
  issn         = {1545-9985},
  journal      = {Nature Structural & Molecular Biology},
  pages        = {607--612},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Mechanism of mammalian transcriptional repression by noncoding RNA}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41594-024-01448-7},
  volume       = {32},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{18821,
  abstract     = {Even though the one-dimensional contact interaction requires no regularization, renormalization methods have been shown to improve the convergence of numerical calculations considerably. In this work, we compare and contrast these methods: “the running coupling constant” where the two-body ground-state energy is used as a renormalization condition, and two effective interaction approaches that include information about the ground as well as excited states. In particular, we calculate the energies and densities of few-fermion systems in a harmonic oscillator with the configuration-interaction method and compare the results based upon renormalized and bare interactions. We find that the use of the running coupling constant instead of the bare interaction improves convergence significantly. A comparison with an effective interaction, which is designed to reproduce the relative part of the energy spectrum of two particles, showed a similar improvement. The effective interaction provides an additional improvement if the center-of-mass excitations are included in the construction. Finally, we discuss the transformation of observables alongside the renormalization of the potential, and demonstrate that this might be an essential ingredient for accurate numerical calculations.},
  author       = {Brauneis, Fabian and Hammer, Hans Werner and Reimann, Stephanie M. and Volosniev, Artem},
  issn         = {2469-9934},
  journal      = {Physical Review A},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{Comparison of renormalized interactions using one-dimensional few-body systems as a testbed}},
  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevA.111.013303},
  volume       = {111},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{18823,
  author       = {Cao, Dechang and De Jaeger-Braet, Joke G},
  issn         = {1532-2548},
  journal      = {Plant Physiology},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{Memory of maternal temperatures: DNA methylation alterations across generations}},
  doi          = {10.1093/plphys/kiae651},
  volume       = {197},
  year         = {2025},
}

@misc{18837,
  abstract     = {Super-resolution methods provide far better spatial resolution than the optical diffraction limit of about half the wavelength of light (∼200-300 nm). Nevertheless, they have yet to attain widespread use in plants, largely due to plants’ challenging optical properties. Expansion microscopy improves effective resolution by isotropically increasing the physical distances between sample structures while preserving relative spatial arrangements and clearing the sample. However, its application to plants has been hindered by the rigid, mechanically cohesive structure of plant tissues. Here, we report on whole-mount expansion microscopy of thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) root tissues (PlantEx), achieving a four-fold resolution increase over conventional microscopy. Our results highlight the microtubule cytoskeleton organization and interaction between molecularly defined cellular constituents. Combining PlantEx with stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, we increase nanoscale resolution and visualize the complex organization of subcellular organelles from intact tissues by example of the densely packed COPI-coated vesicles associated with the Golgi apparatus and put these into a cellular structural context. Our results show that expansion microscopy can be applied to increase effective imaging resolution in Arabidopsis root specimens.},
  author       = {Danzl, Johann G and Kreuzinger, Caroline},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Research Data for the publication "Super-resolution expansion microscopy in plant roots"}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:18837},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{18848,
  abstract     = {Type II CRISPR endonucleases are widely used programmable genome editing tools. Recently, CRISPR-Cas systems with highly compact nucleases have been discovered, including Cas9d (a type II-D nuclease). Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of a Cas9d nuclease (747 amino acids in length) in multiple functional states, revealing a stepwise process of DNA targeting involving a conformational switch in a REC2 domain insertion. Our structures provide insights into the intricately folded guide RNA which acts as a structural scaffold to anchor small, flexible protein domains for DNA recognition. The sgRNA can be truncated by up to ~25% yet still retain activity in vivo. Using ancestral sequence reconstruction, we generated compact nucleases capable of efficient genome editing in mammalian cells. Collectively, our results provide mechanistic insights into the evolution and DNA targeting of diverse type II CRISPR-Cas systems, providing a blueprint for future re-engineering of minimal RNA-guided DNA endonucleases.},
  author       = {Ocampo, Rodrigo Fregoso and Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly and Dangerfield, Tyler L. and Nocedal, Isabel and Jirde, Samatar A. and Alexander, Lisa M. and Thomas, Nicole C. and Das, Anjali and Nielson, Sarah and Johnson, Kenneth A. and Brown, Christopher T. and Butterfield, Cristina N. and Goltsman, Daniela S.A. and Taylor, David W.},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{DNA targeting by compact Cas9d and its resurrected ancestor}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-024-55573-4},
  volume       = {16},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{18849,
  abstract     = {Many biological systems operate near the physical limits to their performance, suggesting that aspects of their behavior and underlying mechanisms could be derived from optimization principles. However, such principles have often been applied only in simplified models. Here, we explore a detailed mechanistic model of the gap gene network in the Drosophila embryo, optimizing its 50+ parameters to maximize the information that gene expression levels provide about nuclear positions. This optimization is conducted under realistic constraints, such as limits on the number of available molecules. Remarkably, the optimal networks we derive closely match the architecture and spatial gene expression profiles observed in the real organism. Our framework quantifies the tradeoffs involved in maximizing functional performance and allows for the exploration of alternative network configurations, addressing the question of which features are necessary and which are contingent. Our results suggest that multiple solutions to the optimization problem might exist across closely related organisms, offering insights into the evolution of gene regulatory networks.},
  author       = {Sokolowski, Thomas R and Gregor, Thomas and Bialek, William and Tkačik, Gašper},
  issn         = {1091-6490},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{Deriving a genetic regulatory network from an optimization principle}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.2402925121},
  volume       = {122},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{18850,
  abstract     = {Biophysical constraints limit the specificity with which transcription factors (TFs) can target regulatory DNA. While individual nontarget binding events may be low affinity, the sheer number of such interactions could present a challenge for gene regulation by degrading its precision or possibly leading to an erroneous induction state. Chromatin can prevent nontarget binding by rendering DNA physically inaccessible to TFs, at the cost of energy-consuming remodeling orchestrated by pioneer factors (PFs). Under what conditions and by how much can chromatin reduce regulatory errors on a global scale? We use a theoretical approach to compare two scenarios for gene regulation: one that relies on TF binding to free DNA alone and one that uses a combination of TFs and chromatin-regulating PFs to achieve desired gene expression patterns. We find, first, that chromatin effectively silences groups of genes that should be simultaneously OFF, thereby allowing more accurate graded control of expression for the remaining ON genes. Second, chromatin buffers the deleterious consequences of nontarget binding as the number of OFF genes grows, permitting a substantial expansion in regulatory complexity. Third, chromatin-based regulation productively co-opts nontarget TF binding for ON genes in order to establish a “leaky” baseline expression level, which targeted activator or repressor binding subsequently up- or down-modulates. Thus, on a global scale, using chromatin simultaneously alleviates pressure for high specificity of regulatory interactions and enables an increase in genome size with minimal impact on global expression error.},
  author       = {Perkins, Mindy Liu and Crocker, Justin and Tkačik, Gašper},
  issn         = {1091-6490},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{Chromatin enables precise and scalable gene regulation with factors of limited specificity}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.2411887121},
  volume       = {122},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{18851,
  abstract     = {We present volume-limited samples of cataclysmic variables (CVs) and AM CVn binaries jointly selected from SRG/eROSITA eRASS1 and Gaia DR3 using an X-ray + optical color–color diagram (the "X-ray Main Sequence"). This tool identifies all CV subtypes, including magnetic and low-accretion rate systems, in contrast to most previous surveys. We find 23 CVs, 3 of which are AM CVns, out to 150 pc in the Western Galactic Hemisphere. Our 150 pc sample is spectroscopically verified and complete down to LX = 1.3 × 1029 erg s−1 in the 0.2–2.3 keV band, and we also present CV candidates out to 300 pc and 1000 pc. We discovered two previously unknown systems in our 150 pc sample: the third nearest AM CVn and a magnetic period bouncer. We find the mean LX of CVs to be 〈LX〉 ≈ 4.6 × 1030 erg s−1, in contrast to previous surveys which yielded 〈LX〉 ∼ 1031−1032 erg s−1. We construct X-ray luminosity functions that, for the first time, flatten out at LX ∼ 1030 erg s−1. We infer average number, mass, and luminosity densities of ρN,CV = (3.7 ± 0.7) × 10−6pc−3, (math formular), and (math formular), respectively, in the solar neighborhood. Our uniform selection method also allows us to place meaningful estimates on the space density of AM CVns, ρN,AM CVn = (5.5 ± 3.7) × 10−7 pc−3. Magnetic CVs and period bouncers make up 35% and 25% of our sample, respectively. This work, through a novel discovery technique, shows that the observed number densities of CVs and AM CVns, as well as the fraction of period bouncers, are still in tension with population synthesis estimates.},
  author       = {Rodriguez, Antonio C. and El-Badry, Kareem and Suleimanov, Valery and Pala, Anna F. and Kulkarni, Shrinivas R. and Gaensicke, Boris and Mori, Kaya and Rich, R. Michael and Sarkar, Arnab and Bao, Tong and De Oliveira, Raimundo Lopes and Ramsay, Gavin and Szkody, Paula and Graham, Matthew and Prince, Thomas A. and Caiazzo, Ilaria and Vanderbosch, Zachary P. and Roestel, Jan Van and Das, Kaustav K. and Qin, Yu Jing and Kasliwal, Mansi M. and Wold, Avery and Groom, Steven L. and Reiley, Daniel and Riddle, Reed},
  issn         = {0004-6280},
  journal      = {Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Cataclysmic variables and AM CVn binaries in SRG/eROSITA + Gaia: Volume limited samples, X-ray luminosity functions, and space densities}},
  doi          = {10.1088/1538-3873/ada185},
  volume       = {137},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{18852,
  abstract     = {Recent observations have found a growing number of hypervelocity stars with speeds of ≈1500 − 2500 km s−1 that could have only been produced through thermonuclear supernovae in white dwarf binaries. Most of the observed hypervelocity runaways in this class display a surprising inflated structure: their current radii are roughly an order of magnitude greater than they would have been as white dwarfs filling their Roche lobe. While many simulations exist studying the dynamical phase leading to supernova detonation in these systems, no detailed calculations of the long-term structure of the runaways have yet been performed. We used an existing AREPO hydrodynamical simulation of a supernova in a white dwarf binary as a starting point for the evolution of these stars with the one-dimensional stellar evolution code MESA. We show that the supernova shock is not energetic enough to inflate the white dwarf over timescales longer than a few thousand years, significantly shorter than the 105 − 6 year lifetimes inferred for observed hypervelocity runaways. Although they experience a shock from a supernova less than ≈0.02 R⊙ away, our models do not experience significant interior heating, and all contract back to radii of around 0.01 R⊙ within about 104 years. Explaining the observed inflated states requires either an additional source of significant heating or some other physics that is not yet accounted for in the subsequent evolution.},
  author       = {Bhat, Aakash and Bauer, Evan B. and Pakmor, Rüdiger and Shen, Ken J. and Caiazzo, Ilaria and Rajamuthukumar, Abinaya Swaruba and El-Badry, Kareem and Kerzendorf, Wolfgang E.},
  issn         = {1432-0746},
  journal      = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {EDP Sciences},
  title        = {{Supernova shocks cannot explain the inflated state of hypervelocity runaways from white dwarf binaries}},
  doi          = {10.1051/0004-6361/202451371},
  volume       = {693},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{18853,
  abstract     = {Electrolyte additives are extensively validated effective in mitigating dendrite growth and parasitic reactions in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Nonetheless, the mechanisms by which additives influence the formation and characteristics of the inorganic solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) are not yet fully elucidated. Herein, we investigate how Zn(CF3COO)2 additives influence solvation structure and elucidate the mechanism by which these additives promote the dual reduction of anions. Through cryo-transmission electron microscopy analysis, we identified the SEI as a highly amorphous ZnS/ZnF2 phase. This amorphous hybrid SEI demonstrates exceptional stability, mechanical robustness, and high Zn2+ conductivity, effectively mitigating parasitic reactions and enhancing Zn plating/stripping reversibility. Even under elevated current densities, the Zn anode exhibits ultra-stable longevity and ultra-high reversibility. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms governing solvation structure modulation that lead to the formation of amorphous hybrid SEI, underscoring their efficacy in enhancing the performance and durability of AZIBs.},
  author       = {Zeng, Guifang and Sun, Qing and Horta, Sharona and Martínez-Alanis, Paulina R. and Wu, Peng and Li, Jing and Wang, Shang and Ibáñez, Maria and Tian, Yanhong and Ci, Lijie and Cabot, Andreu},
  issn         = {1754-5706},
  journal      = {Energy and Environmental Science},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {1683--1695},
  publisher    = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  title        = {{Modulating the solvation structure to enhance amorphous solid electrolyte interface formation for ultra-stable aqueous zinc anode}},
  doi          = {10.1039/d4ee03750b},
  volume       = {18},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{18854,
  abstract     = {Context. One of the surprising early findings with JWST has been the discovery of a strong “roll-over” or a softening of the absorption edge of Lyα in a large number of galaxies at z ≳ 6, in addition to systematic offsets from photometric redshift estimates and fundamental galaxy scaling relations. This has been interpreted as strong cumulative damped Lyα absorption (DLA) wings from high column densities of neutral atomic hydrogen (H I), signifying major gas accretion events in the formation of these galaxies.
Aims. To explore this new phenomenon systematically, we assembled the JWST/NIRSpec PRImordial gas Mass AssembLy (PRIMAL) legacy survey of 584 galaxies at z = 5.0 − 13.4, designed to study the physical properties and gas in and around galaxies during the reionization epoch.
Methods. We characterized this benchmark sample in full and spectroscopically derived the galaxy redshifts, metallicities, star formation rates, and ultraviolet (UV) slopes. We defined a new diagnostic, the Lyα damping parameter DLyα, to measure and quantify the net effect of Lyα emission strength, the H I fraction in the intergalactic medium, or the local H I column density for each source. The JWST-PRIMAL survey is based on the spectroscopic DAWN JWST Archive (DJA-Spec). We describe DJA-Spec in this paper, detailing the reduction methods, the post-processing steps, and basic analysis tools. All the software, reduced spectra, and spectroscopically derived quantities and catalogs are made publicly available in dedicated repositories.
Results. We find that the fraction of galaxies showing strong integrated DLAs with NHI > 1021 cm−2 only increases slightly from ≈60% at z ≈ 6 up to ≈65 − 90% at z > 8. Similarly, the prevalence and prominence of Lyα emission is found to increase with decreasing redshift, in qualitative agreement with previous observational results. Strong Lyα emitters (LAEs) are predominantly found to be associated with low-metallicity and UV faint galaxies. By contrast, strong DLAs are observed in galaxies with a variety of intrinsic physical properties, but predominantly at high redshifts and low metallicities.
Conclusions. Our results indicate that strong DLAs likely reflect a particular early assembly phase of reionization-era galaxies, at which point they are largely dominated by pristine H I gas accretion. At z = 8 − 10, this gas gradually cools and forms into stars that ionize their local surroundings, forming large ionized bubbles and producing strong observed Lyα emission at z < 8.},
  author       = {Heintz, K. E. and Brammer, G. B. and Watson, D. and Oesch, P. A. and Keating, L. C. and Hayes, M. J. and Abdurro'Uf, Unknown and Arellano-Córdova, K. Z. and Carnall, A. C. and Christiansen, C. R. and Cullen, F. and Davé, R. and Dayal, P. and Ferrara, A. and Finlator, K. and Fynbo, J. P.U. and Flury, S. R. and Gelli, V. and Gillman, S. and Gottumukkala, R. and Gould, K. and Greve, T. R. and Hardin, S. E. and Hsiao, T. Y.Y. and Hutter, A. and Jakobsson, P. and Killi, M. and Khosravaninezhad, N. and Laursen, P. and Lee, M. M. and Magdis, G. E. and Matthee, Jorryt J and Naidu, R. P. and Narayanan, D. and Pollock, C. and Prescott, M. K.M. and Rusakov, V. and Shuntov, M. and Sneppen, A. and Smit, R. and Tanvir, N. R. and Terp, C. and Toft, S. and Valentino, F. and Vijayan, A. P. and Weaver, J. R. and Wise, J. H. and Witstok, J.},
  issn         = {1432-0746},
  journal      = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
  publisher    = {EDP Sciences},
  title        = {{The JWST-PRIMAL archival survey: A JWST/NIRSpec reference sample for the physical properties and Lyman-α absorption and emission of ∼600 galaxies at z = 5.0-13.4}},
  doi          = {10.1051/0004-6361/202450243},
  volume       = {693},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{18855,
  abstract     = {A central problem in computational statistics is to convert a procedure for sampling combinatorial objects into a procedure for counting those objects, and vice versa. We consider sampling problems which come from Gibbs distributions, which are families of probability distributions over a discrete space Ω with probability mass function of the form μ^Ω_β(ω) ∝ e^{β H(ω)} for β in an interval [β_min, β_max] and H(ω) ∈ {0} ∪ [1, n]. Two important parameters are the partition function, which is the normalization factor Z(β) = ∑_{ω ∈ Ω} e^{β H(ω)}, and the vector of pre-image counts c_x=|H^-1(x)|.
We develop black-box sampling algorithms to estimate the counts roughly Õ(n²/ε²) samples for integer-valued distributions and Õ(q/ε²) samples for general distributions, where q = (log Z(β_max))/Z(β_min)  (ignoring some second-order terms and parameters). We show this is optimal up to logarithmic factors. We illustrate with improved algorithms for counting connected subgraphs, independent sets, and perfect matchings. As a key subroutine, we estimate all values of the partition function using Õ(n²/ε²) samples for integer-valued distributions and Õ(q/ε²) samples for general distributions. This improves over a prior algorithm of Huber (2015) which computes a single point estimate Z(β_max) and which uses a slightly larger amount of samples. We show matching lower bounds, demonstrating this complexity is optimal as a function of n and q up to logarithmic terms.},
  author       = {Harris, David G. and Kolmogorov, Vladimir},
  issn         = {1549-6333},
  journal      = {ACM Transactions on Algorithms},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  title        = {{Parameter estimation for Gibbs distributions}},
  doi          = {10.1145/3685676},
  volume       = {21},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{18878,
  abstract     = {Thermoelectric (TE) materials, with the ability to convert heat into electrical energy, can generate micro-electrical fields at electronic interfaces with biological systems, making them applicable in electric-catalyzing as nanozymes, and modulate the infected microenvironment of skin wounds. Thereby, by harnessing temperature differences in vitro or in vivo, TE nanomaterials can provide antimicrobial reactive oxygen species (ROS) by catalyzing redox reactions, thereby accelerating wound healing by suppressing infection. However, despite their promising potential, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of the antimicrobial mechanisms, biocompatibility, and practical applications of TE nanomaterials in wound healing, as this is a newly-emerged sub-area of energy-related biomedical applications. This review aims to address this gap by highlighting the emerging progress of TE materials in wound healing, clarifying their mechanism and advances, emphasizing their potential challenges for commercialization and clinical use, and proposing novel design strategies of TE nanomaterials for effective antibacterial performance.},
  author       = {Jia, Shiyu and Qi, Cai and Xu, Shengduo and Yang, Lei and Sun, Qiang},
  issn         = {1005-0302},
  journal      = {Journal of Materials Science and Technology},
  number       = {08},
  pages        = {212--226},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Advancements of thermoelectric nanomaterials in ROS-mediated broad-spectrum antibacterial therapies for wound healing}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.jmst.2024.11.039},
  volume       = {225},
  year         = {2025},
}