[{"month":"06","_id":"22892","department":[{"_id":"CaGo"},{"_id":"EdHa"}],"date_created":"2026-09-09T13:16:54Z","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","oa":1,"date_updated":"2026-09-18T11:28:29Z","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"22873","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"publication":"arXiv","oa_version":"Preprint","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)"},"year":"2026","OA_place":"repository","citation":{"short":"A. Ehrmann, C.P. Goodrich, ArXiv (n.d.).","ieee":"A. Ehrmann and C. P. Goodrich, “Controlling energy delivery with bistable nanostructures,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","chicago":"Ehrmann, Andreas, and Carl Peter Goodrich. “Controlling Energy Delivery with Bistable Nanostructures.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266</a>.","apa":"Ehrmann, A., &#38; Goodrich, C. P. (n.d.). Controlling energy delivery with bistable nanostructures. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266</a>","ama":"Ehrmann A, Goodrich CP. Controlling energy delivery with bistable nanostructures. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266\">10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266</a>","mla":"Ehrmann, Andreas, and Carl Peter Goodrich. “Controlling Energy Delivery with Bistable Nanostructures.” <i>ArXiv</i>, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266\">10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266</a>.","ista":"Ehrmann A, Goodrich CP. Controlling energy delivery with bistable nanostructures. arXiv, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266\">10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266</a>."},"publication_status":"draft","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Countless biological processes are fueled by energy-rich molecules like ATP and GTP that supply energy with extreme efficiency. However, designing similar energy-delivery schemes from the bottom up, essential for the development of powered nanostructures and other \\emph{de novo} machinery, presents a significant challenge: how can an energy-rich structure be stable in solution yet still deliver this energy at precisely the right time? In this paper, we present a purely physical mechanism that solves this challenge, facilitating energy transfer akin to ATP hydrolysis, yet occurring between synthetic nanostructures without any biochemical interactions. This targeted energy delivery is achieved by exploiting a differentiable state-based model to balance the energy profiles that govern the structural transitions in the two nanostructures, creating a coupled relaxation pathway with minimal barriers that facilitates energy delivery. We verify the effectiveness and robustness of this mechanism through Langevin Dynamics simulations, demonstrating that a bath of the high-energy structures can systematically and repeatedly drive the target structure out of equilibrium, enabling it to perform tasks. As the mechanism operates only through explicit physical forces without any biochemistry or internal state variables, our results present generic and far-reaching design principles, setting the stage for the next generation of synthetic nanomachines."}],"title":"Controlling energy delivery with bistable nanostructures","acknowledgement":"We thank Edouard Hannezo, Ella King, Maximilian Lechner, and Jérémie Palacci for stimulating discussions, and Edouard Hannezo, Maximilian Hübl, and\r\nMaitane Muñoz-Basagoiti for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was funded in part by the\r\nAustrian Science Fund (FWF) [10.55776/PAT8537123].","project":[{"_id":"90a98bb5-16d5-11f0-9cad-9675f3f8015d","grant_number":"PAT 8537123","name":"Functional bio-inspired nanomachines from sticky colloids"}],"status":"public","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"arxiv":1,"date_published":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2506.14266"]},"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-0997-5678","last_name":"Ehrmann","id":"eaa689ed-f6e0-11ea-865d-bd98cbcf83c2","first_name":"Andreas","full_name":"Ehrmann, Andreas"},{"first_name":"Carl Peter","id":"EB352CD2-F68A-11E9-89C5-A432E6697425","full_name":"Goodrich, Carl Peter","orcid":"0000-0002-1307-5074","last_name":"Goodrich"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266","open_access":"1"}],"corr_author":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","type":"preprint","day":"07"},{"date_updated":"2026-09-21T13:07:01Z","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2026-09-11T12:07:48Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":7869510,"checksum":"a3dcba6649b7496124fa0ae68bf2c4cb","relation":"main_file","creator":"cchlebak","file_name":"2026_ICLR_Iurada.pdf","success":1,"file_id":"22907","date_updated":"2026-09-11T12:07:48Z"}],"oa":1,"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"22857","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"das_tickbox":"0","file_date_updated":"2026-09-11T12:07:48Z","intvolume":"      2026","publication":"14th International Conference on Learning Representations","oa_version":"Published Version","month":"01","_id":"22894","conference":{"start_date":"2026-04-23","name":"ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations ","end_date":"2026-04-27","location":"Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"MaMo"}],"date_created":"2026-09-09T13:31:46Z","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","abstract":[{"text":"Large-scale deep learning models are known to memorize parts of the training\r\nset. In machine learning theory, memorization is often framed as interpolation or\r\nlabel fitting, and classical results show that this can be achieved when the number\r\nof parameters p in the model is larger than the number of training samples n. In\r\nthis work, we consider memorization from the perspective of data reconstruction,\r\ndemonstrating that this can be achieved when p is larger than dn, where d is\r\nthe dimensionality of the data. More specifically, we show that, in the random\r\nfeatures model, when p ≫ dn, the subspace spanned by the training samples in\r\nfeature space gives sufficient information to identify the individual samples in input\r\nspace. Our analysis suggests an optimization method to reconstruct the dataset\r\nfrom the model parameters, and we demonstrate that this method performs well on\r\nvarious architectures (random features, two-layer fully-connected and deep residual\r\nnetworks). Our results reveal a law of data reconstruction, according to which the\r\nentire training dataset can be recovered as p exceeds the threshold dn.\r\n","lang":"eng"}],"title":"A law of data reconstruction for random features (and beyond)","acknowledgement":"M.M. is funded by the European Union (ERC, INF2\r\n, project number 101161364). S.B. was supported\r\nby a Google PhD fellowship. L.I. acknowledges the grant received from the European Union NextGenerationEU (Piano Nazionale di Ripresa E Resilienza (PNRR)) DM 351 on Trustworthy AI. T.T. &\r\nL.I. acknowledge the EU project ELSA - European Lighthouse on Secure and Safe AI. This study was\r\ncarried out within the FAIR - Future Artificial Intelligence Research and received funding from the\r\nEuropean Union Next-GenerationEU (PIANO NAZIONALE DI RIPRESA E RESILIENZA (PNRR)\r\n– MISSIONE 4 COMPONENTE 2, INVESTIMENTO 1.3 – D.D. 1555 11/10/2022, PE00000013).\r\nThis manuscript reflects only the authors’ views and opinions, neither the European Union nor the\r\nEuropean Commission can be considered responsible for them. The authors would like to thank\r\nYizhe Zhu for helpful discussions.","status":"public","project":[{"_id":"911e6d1f-16d5-11f0-9cad-c5c68c6a1cdf","grant_number":"101161364","name":"Inference in High Dimensions: Light-speed Algorithms and Information Limits"},{"_id":"92099302-16d5-11f0-9cad-f9a785f54fbd","name":"Trustworthy Deep Learning Theory: Private Over-Parameterized Models and Robust LLMs"}],"publisher":"OpenReview","quality_controlled":"1","OA_type":"gold","volume":2026,"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"year":"2026","OA_place":"publisher","publication_status":"published","citation":{"ama":"Iurada L, Bombari S, Tommasi T, Mondelli M. A law of data reconstruction for random features (and beyond). In: <i>14th International Conference on Learning Representations</i>. Vol 2026. OpenReview; 2026:145275-145314.","mla":"Iurada, Leonardo, et al. “A Law of Data Reconstruction for Random Features (and Beyond).” <i>14th International Conference on Learning Representations</i>, vol. 2026, OpenReview, 2026, pp. 145275–314.","ista":"Iurada L, Bombari S, Tommasi T, Mondelli M. 2026. A law of data reconstruction for random features (and beyond). 14th International Conference on Learning Representations. ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations  vol. 2026, 145275–145314.","short":"L. Iurada, S. Bombari, T. Tommasi, M. Mondelli, in:, 14th International Conference on Learning Representations, OpenReview, 2026, pp. 145275–145314.","ieee":"L. Iurada, S. Bombari, T. Tommasi, and M. Mondelli, “A law of data reconstruction for random features (and beyond),” in <i>14th International Conference on Learning Representations</i>, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2026, vol. 2026, pp. 145275–145314.","chicago":"Iurada, Leonardo, Simone Bombari, Tatiana Tommasi, and Marco Mondelli. “A Law of Data Reconstruction for Random Features (and Beyond).” In <i>14th International Conference on Learning Representations</i>, 2026:145275–314. OpenReview, 2026.","apa":"Iurada, L., Bombari, S., Tommasi, T., &#38; Mondelli, M. (2026). A law of data reconstruction for random features (and beyond). In <i>14th International Conference on Learning Representations</i> (Vol. 2026, pp. 145275–145314). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: OpenReview."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"arxiv":1,"date_published":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2509.22214"]},"ddc":["000"],"has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","type":"conference","day":"26","author":[{"first_name":"Leonardo","full_name":"Iurada, Leonardo","last_name":"Iurada"},{"first_name":"Simone","id":"ca726dda-de17-11ea-bc14-f9da834f63aa","full_name":"Bombari, Simone","last_name":"Bombari"},{"full_name":"Tommasi, Tatiana","first_name":"Tatiana","last_name":"Tommasi"},{"last_name":"Mondelli","orcid":"0000-0002-3242-7020","full_name":"Mondelli, Marco","id":"27EB676C-8706-11E9-9510-7717E6697425","first_name":"Marco"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9798331339678"]},"page":"145275-145314","corr_author":"1"},{"article_number":"205","supplementarymaterial":"yes","scopus_import":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1538-4357"],"issn":["0004-637X"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Pierluigi","full_name":"Rinaldi, Pierluigi","last_name":"Rinaldi"},{"first_name":"George H.","full_name":"Rieke, George H.","last_name":"Rieke"},{"full_name":"Wu, Zihao","first_name":"Zihao","last_name":"Wu"},{"last_name":"Gilbert","first_name":"Carys J. E.","full_name":"Gilbert, Carys J. E."},{"last_name":"Pacucci","first_name":"Fabio","full_name":"Pacucci, Fabio"},{"last_name":"Barchiesi","first_name":"Luigi","full_name":"Barchiesi, Luigi"},{"full_name":"Alberts, Stacey","first_name":"Stacey","last_name":"Alberts"},{"first_name":"Stefano","full_name":"Carniani, Stefano","last_name":"Carniani"},{"first_name":"Andrew J.","full_name":"Bunker, Andrew J.","last_name":"Bunker"},{"last_name":"Bhatawdekar","full_name":"Bhatawdekar, Rachana","first_name":"Rachana"},{"last_name":"D’Eugenio","full_name":"D’Eugenio, Francesco","first_name":"Francesco"},{"last_name":"Ji","first_name":"Zhiyuan","full_name":"Ji, Zhiyuan"},{"last_name":"Johnson","first_name":"Benjamin D.","full_name":"Johnson, Benjamin D."},{"last_name":"Hainline","first_name":"Kevin","full_name":"Hainline, Kevin"},{"first_name":"Vasily","full_name":"Kokorev, Vasily","last_name":"Kokorev"},{"last_name":"Kumari","full_name":"Kumari, Nimisha","first_name":"Nimisha"},{"first_name":"Edoardo","id":"4053390a-6b68-11ef-9828-a3b8adef8d0a","full_name":"Iani, Edoardo","orcid":"0000-0001-8386-3546","last_name":"Iani"},{"last_name":"Lyu","first_name":"Jianwei","full_name":"Lyu, Jianwei"},{"first_name":"Roberto","full_name":"Maiolino, Roberto","last_name":"Maiolino"},{"first_name":"Eleonora","full_name":"Parlanti, Eleonora","last_name":"Parlanti"},{"first_name":"Brant E.","full_name":"Robertson, Brant E.","last_name":"Robertson"},{"last_name":"Sun","full_name":"Sun, Yang","first_name":"Yang"},{"full_name":"Vignali, Cristian","first_name":"Cristian","last_name":"Vignali"},{"last_name":"Williams","first_name":"Christina C.","full_name":"Williams, Christina C."},{"full_name":"Willmer, Christopher N. A.","first_name":"Christopher N. A.","last_name":"Willmer"},{"full_name":"Zhu, Yongda","first_name":"Yongda","last_name":"Zhu"}],"day":"29","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"Yes","PlanS_conform":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd","ddc":["520"],"date_published":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2507.17738"]},"arxiv":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","OA_place":"publisher","citation":{"ista":"Rinaldi P, Rieke GH, Wu Z, Gilbert CJE, Pacucci F, Barchiesi L, Alberts S, Carniani S, Bunker AJ, Bhatawdekar R, D’Eugenio F, Ji Z, Johnson BD, Hainline K, Kokorev V, Kumari N, Iani E, Lyu J, Maiolino R, Parlanti E, Robertson BE, Sun Y, Vignali C, Williams CC, Willmer CNA, Zhu Y. 2026. Beyond the dot: An LRD-like nucleus at the heart of an IR-bright galaxy and its implications for high-redshift LRDs. The Astrophysical Journal. 1006(2), 205.","ama":"Rinaldi P, Rieke GH, Wu Z, et al. Beyond the dot: An LRD-like nucleus at the heart of an IR-bright galaxy and its implications for high-redshift LRDs. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2026;1006(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd\">10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd</a>","mla":"Rinaldi, Pierluigi, et al. “Beyond the Dot: An LRD-like Nucleus at the Heart of an IR-Bright Galaxy and Its Implications for High-Redshift LRDs.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 1006, no. 2, 205, IOP Publishing, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd\">10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd</a>.","chicago":"Rinaldi, Pierluigi, George H. Rieke, Zihao Wu, Carys J. E. Gilbert, Fabio Pacucci, Luigi Barchiesi, Stacey Alberts, et al. “Beyond the Dot: An LRD-like Nucleus at the Heart of an IR-Bright Galaxy and Its Implications for High-Redshift LRDs.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd</a>.","apa":"Rinaldi, P., Rieke, G. H., Wu, Z., Gilbert, C. J. E., Pacucci, F., Barchiesi, L., … Zhu, Y. (2026). Beyond the dot: An LRD-like nucleus at the heart of an IR-bright galaxy and its implications for high-redshift LRDs. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd</a>","short":"P. Rinaldi, G.H. Rieke, Z. Wu, C.J.E. Gilbert, F. Pacucci, L. Barchiesi, S. Alberts, S. Carniani, A.J. Bunker, R. Bhatawdekar, F. D’Eugenio, Z. Ji, B.D. Johnson, K. Hainline, V. Kokorev, N. Kumari, E. Iani, J. Lyu, R. Maiolino, E. Parlanti, B.E. Robertson, Y. Sun, C. Vignali, C.C. Williams, C.N.A. Willmer, Y. Zhu, The Astrophysical Journal 1006 (2026).","ieee":"P. Rinaldi <i>et al.</i>, “Beyond the dot: An LRD-like nucleus at the heart of an IR-bright galaxy and its implications for high-redshift LRDs,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 1006, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2026."},"year":"2026","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"researchdata_availability":"no","volume":1006,"doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd","OA_type":"gold","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"2","status":"public","acknowledgement":"The authors thank the anonymous referee for constructive comments, which helped improve the manuscript. The authors also thank Xiaohui Fan, Xiaojing Lin, Camilla Pacifici, Marianna Annunziatella, Claudia Scarlata, Luis C. Ho, and Pablo G. Pérez-González for valuable discussions.\r\n\r\nThis work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA JWST. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with JWST programs GTO #1181, GTO #1211, GO #1895, GO #3577, and GO #6434 (F. Sun et al. 2025).\r\n\r\nSome of the data products presented herein were retrieved from the Dawn JWST Archive (DJA). DJA is an initiative of the Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), which is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant DNRF140.\r\n\r\nThis research has made use of data obtained from the Chandra Data Archive provided by the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC).\r\n\r\nThe authors acknowledge the FRESCO team led by PI P. Oesch for developing their observing program with a zero-exclusive-access period. Processing for the JADES NIRCam data release was performed on the lux cluster at the University of California, Santa Cruz, funded by NSF MRI grant AST 1828315. Also based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope obtained from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 526555. The data (G. Illingworth 2015; P. Oesch & D. Magee 2023; M. Rieke et al. 2023a; F. Sun & E. Egami 2025) presented in this article were obtained from MAST at the Space Telescope Science Institute.\r\n\r\nThe authors acknowledge use of the lux supercomputer at UC Santa Cruz, funded by NSF MRI grant AST 1828315.\r\n\r\nThe work of G.H.R. and P.R. was also supported by grant 80NSSC18K0555, from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to the University of Arizona.\r\n\r\nA.J.B. acknowledges funding from the “FirstGalaxies” Advanced grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 789056)\r\n\r\nB.E.R. acknowledges support from the NIRCam Science Team contract to the University of Arizona, NAS5-02015, and JWST Program 3215.\r\n\r\nThe research of C.C.W. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.\r\n\r\nS.C. acknowledges support by the European Union’s HE ERC Starting grant No. 101040227 - WINGS.\r\n\r\nY.Z., Z.J., B.D.J., C.N.A.W., and P.R. gratefully acknowledge the JWST/NIRCam contract to the University of Arizona NAS5-02015.\r\n\r\nS.A. acknowledges support from the JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) Science Team Lead, grant 80NSSC18K0555, from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to the University of Arizona.\r\n\r\nR.M., F.D.E. acknowledge support by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), by the ERC through Advanced grant 695671 “QUENCH,” and by the UKRI Frontier Research grant RISEandFALL. R.M. also acknowledges funding from a research professorship from the Royal Society.\r\n\r\nL.B. acknowledges financial support from the Inter-University Institute for Data Intensive Astronomy (IDIA), a partnership of the University of Cape Town, the University of Pretoria and the University of the Western Cape, and from the South African Department of Science and Innovation’s National Research Foundation under the ISARP RADIOMAP+ Joint Research Scheme (DSI-NRF grant No. 150551) and the CPRR HIPPO Project (DSI-NRF grant No. SRUG22031677). C.J.E.G. acknowledges the financial assistance of the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) (www.sarao.ac.za).","title":"Beyond the dot: An LRD-like nucleus at the heart of an IR-bright galaxy and its implications for high-redshift LRDs","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Little red dots (LRDs) are compact, red sources discovered by JWST at high redshift (z ≳ 4), marked by distinctive “V-shaped” spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and often interpreted as rapidly accreting active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Their true nature remains unclear though, and their evolutionary connection to their lower-redshift counterparts is still poorly constrained. Thus, we present WISEA J123635.56+621424.2 (here dubbed the Saguaro), a z = 2.0145 galaxy in GOODS-North, as a possible analog of high-redshift LRDs and a potential missing link in their evolutionary path toward lower-redshift systems. It features a compact LRD-like nucleus surrounded by a face-on spiral host. Its connections to LRDs include the following: (1) its nuclear spectrum shows a clear “V-shaped” SED, and (2) when redshifted to z = 7, surface brightness dimming makes the host undetectable, thus mimicking an LRD. This suggests that high-redshift LRDs may be embedded in extended hosts. To test this, we stack rest-frame UV images of 99 photometrically selected LRDs, revealing faint, diffuse emission. Stacking in redshift bins reveals mild radial growth, consistent with the expected galaxy size evolution. A simple analytic model confirms that surface brightness dimming alone can explain their compact appearance. Lastly, we show that the Saguaro is not unique by describing similar objects from the literature at z ≲ 3.5. Taken together, our results support a scenario in which LRDs may not be a distinct population, but could be the visible nuclei of galaxies undergoing a short-lived, (perhaps) AGN-dominated evolutionary phase, with their compact, red appearance driven largely by observational biases."}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2026-09-17T11:05:32Z","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"DOAJ_listed":"1","_id":"22950","month":"07","dataavailabilitystatement":"Facilities: CXO - Chandra X-ray Observatory satellite, HST - Hubble Space Telescope satellite, JWST - James Webb Space Telescope.\r\n\r\nSoftware: Astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2022), Bagpipes (A. C. Carnall et al. 2019), MSAEXP (G. Brammer 2023)NumPy (C. R. Harris et al. 2020), pandas (T. p. d team 2024)Photutils (L. Bradley et al. 2016), TOPCAT (M. Taylor 2022), CIAO (A. Fruscione et al. 2006), XSpec (K. Arnaud et al. 1999), STPSF (M. D. Perrin et al. 2014).","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","oa_version":"Published Version","intvolume":"      1006","file_date_updated":"2026-09-22T06:13:50Z","das_tickbox":"1","oa":1,"file":[{"creator":"dernst","file_name":"2026_AstrophysicalJour_Rinaldi.pdf","date_updated":"2026-09-22T06:13:50Z","file_id":"22979","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-09-22T06:13:50Z","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","file_size":6154775,"checksum":"ef77723c7b0fa7f82085eba8caec0cf3"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-22T06:14:37Z"},{"day":"24","type":"conference","article_processing_charge":"Yes","corr_author":"1","article_number":"22:1-22:19","supplementarymaterial":"no","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1868-8969"],"isbn":["9783959774475"]},"scopus_import":"1","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-0783-904X","last_name":"Cano Cordoba","full_name":"Cano Cordoba, Filip","first_name":"Filip","id":"708cad98-e86a-11ef-8098-bdae2d7c6af1"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724","last_name":"Henzinger","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","first_name":"Thomas A","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"8121a2d0-dc85-11ea-9058-af578f3b4515","first_name":"Konstantin","full_name":"Kueffner, Konstantin","last_name":"Kueffner","orcid":"0000-0001-8974-2542"},{"last_name":"Sarac","full_name":"Sarac, Naci E","id":"8C6B42F8-C8E6-11E9-A03A-F2DCE5697425","first_name":"Naci E"}],"alternative_title":["LIPIcs"],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2606.25979"]},"date_published":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","arxiv":1,"keyword":["Runtime Verification","Probabilistic Systems","Quantitative Verification","Approximate Monitoring"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","ddc":["000"],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22","quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","project":[{"name":"Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software","_id":"62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d","grant_number":"101020093","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik","acknowledgement":"This work has been supported by the European Research Council under Grant No.: ERC2020-AdG 101020093 and ERC-2021-AdG 101055412.\r\nFilip Cano: ERC-2020-AdG 101020093\r\nThomas A. Henzinger: ERC-2020-AdG 101020093\r\nKonstantin Kueffner: ERC-2020-AdG 101020093\r\nN. Ege Saraç: ERC-2021-AdG 101055412","title":"Monitoring discounted sum properties","abstract":[{"text":"Runtime monitoring of quantitative signals faces a fundamental trade-off between volatility and over-aggregation: instantaneous observations are noisy, while long-run averages obscure local structure. Localisation measures such as discounted averages offer a principled middle ground, yet remain poorly understood in runtime verification. This paper studies discounted sums from a monitoring perspective, in both deterministic and stochastic settings. We formalize the discounted monitoring problem and show that exact, sound monitoring of discounted sums cannot be achieved with finite memory. To overcome this impossibility, we introduce ε-approximately sound monitoring, deriving explicit bounds on memory and observation requirements. We then extend the framework to stochastic processes via expected discounted sums, defining pointwise and uniform (ε,δ)-soundness notions, establishing statistical optimality, and proving impossibility beyond a precision threshold. We also formalize the resource complexity of deterministic discounted monitoring via affine register machines and prove a tight worst-case lower bound. Finally, we present a specification language for arithmetic expressions over multiple discounted sums with synchronous and asynchronous semantics, and evaluate our approach on practical scenarios including algorithmic fairness.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"apa":"Cano Cordoba, F., Henzinger, T. A., Kueffner, K., &#38; Sarac, N. E. (2026). Monitoring discounted sum properties. In <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i> (Vol. 391). Liverpool, United Kingdom: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22\">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22</a>","chicago":"Cano Cordoba, Filip, Thomas A Henzinger, Konstantin Kueffner, and Naci E Sarac. “Monitoring Discounted Sum Properties.” In <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>, Vol. 391. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22\">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22</a>.","ieee":"F. Cano Cordoba, T. A. Henzinger, K. Kueffner, and N. E. Sarac, “Monitoring discounted sum properties,” in <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 2026, vol. 391.","short":"F. Cano Cordoba, T.A. Henzinger, K. Kueffner, N.E. Sarac, in:, 37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026.","ista":"Cano Cordoba F, Henzinger TA, Kueffner K, Sarac NE. 2026. Monitoring discounted sum properties. 37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory. CONCUR: Conference on Concurrency Theory, LIPIcs, vol. 391, 22:1-22:19.","mla":"Cano Cordoba, Filip, et al. “Monitoring Discounted Sum Properties.” <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>, vol. 391, 22:1-22:19, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22\">10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22</a>.","ama":"Cano Cordoba F, Henzinger TA, Kueffner K, Sarac NE. Monitoring discounted sum properties. In: <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>. Vol 391. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik; 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22\">10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22</a>"},"publication_status":"published","OA_place":"publisher","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"volume":391,"researchdata_availability":"no","year":"2026","doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22","OA_type":"gold","publication":"37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory","oa_version":"Published Version","file_date_updated":"2026-09-22T05:59:03Z","intvolume":"       391","das_tickbox":"1","file":[{"file_size":997156,"checksum":"f7b2e22428344fd7972c54f099df6aba","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-09-22T05:59:03Z","file_id":"22978","date_updated":"2026-09-22T05:59:03Z","success":1,"file_name":"2026_LIPIcsCONCUR_Cano.pdf","creator":"dernst"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-22T06:02:06Z","oa":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2026-09-13T22:01:54Z","department":[{"_id":"ToHe"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"_id":"22921","ec_funded":1,"conference":{"name":"CONCUR: Conference on Concurrency Theory","end_date":"2026-09-04","location":"Liverpool, United Kingdom","start_date":"2026-09-01"},"dataavailabilitystatement":"Software (Source Code): https://github.com/filipcano/monitoringdiscounted-sum-properties [10]\r\narchived at swh:1:dir:cb99396415f279c985cd05206b44320227f64245\r\n","month":"08"},{"has_accepted_license":"1","ddc":["000"],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.6","alternative_title":["LIPIcs"],"date_published":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","keyword":["Strategy Logic","Games","Automata"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"corr_author":"1","article_number":"6:1-6:7","supplementarymaterial":"no","scopus_import":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1868-8969"],"isbn":["9783959774475"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu","id":"2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Krishnendu","last_name":"Chatterjee","orcid":"0000-0002-4561-241X"},{"full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Thomas A","orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724","last_name":"Henzinger"},{"last_name":"Piterman","first_name":"Nir","full_name":"Piterman, Nir"}],"day":"24","type":"conference","article_processing_charge":"Yes","date_created":"2026-09-13T22:01:54Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","department":[{"_id":"KrCh"},{"_id":"ToHe"}],"ec_funded":1,"_id":"22922","conference":{"start_date":"2026-09-01","end_date":"2026-09-04","name":"CONCUR: Conference on Concurrency Theory","location":"Liverpool, United Kingdom"},"month":"08","oa_version":"Published Version","publication":"37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory","file_date_updated":"2026-09-22T05:53:16Z","intvolume":"       391","das_tickbox":"0","date_updated":"2026-09-22T05:54:30Z","file":[{"date_created":"2026-09-22T05:53:16Z","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","checksum":"f3995df175701f56a702bdb012e4f710","file_size":517651,"file_name":"2026_LIPIcsCONCUR_Chatterjee.pdf","creator":"dernst","success":1,"file_id":"22977","date_updated":"2026-09-22T05:53:16Z"}],"oa":1,"publication_status":"published","OA_place":"publisher","citation":{"short":"K. Chatterjee, T.A. Henzinger, N. Piterman, in:, 37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026.","ieee":"K. Chatterjee, T. A. Henzinger, and N. Piterman, “A look back at strategy logic,” in <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 2026, vol. 391.","chicago":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Thomas A Henzinger, and Nir Piterman. “A Look Back at Strategy Logic.” In <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>, Vol. 391. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.6\">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.6</a>.","apa":"Chatterjee, K., Henzinger, T. A., &#38; Piterman, N. (2026). A look back at strategy logic. In <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i> (Vol. 391). Liverpool, United Kingdom: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.6\">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.6</a>","ama":"Chatterjee K, Henzinger TA, Piterman N. A look back at strategy logic. In: <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>. Vol 391. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik; 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.6\">10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.6</a>","mla":"Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “A Look Back at Strategy Logic.” <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>, vol. 391, 6:1-6:7, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.6\">10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.6</a>.","ista":"Chatterjee K, Henzinger TA, Piterman N. 2026. A look back at strategy logic. 37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory. CONCUR: Conference on Concurrency Theory, LIPIcs, vol. 391, 6:1-6:7."},"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"researchdata_availability":"no","volume":391,"year":"2026","doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.6","OA_type":"gold","quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik","project":[{"name":"Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Chatterjee)","grant_number":"COE12","_id":"4029cfc7-b034-11f1-9e55-88ab2ff3b6ee"},{"name":"Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications","_id":"0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"863818","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"101020093","_id":"62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d","name":"Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software"},{"_id":"34a1b658-11ca-11ed-8bc3-c75229f0241e","grant_number":"F8502","name":"Interface Theory for Security and Privacy"}],"acknowledgement":" Krishnendu Chatterjee: Supported in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) COE\r\ngrant 10.55776/COE12 and the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt).\r\nThomas A. Henzinger: Supported in part by the ERC AdG 101020093 (VAMOS) and the FWF\r\nSFB grant F8502 (SPyCoDe).\r\nNir Piterman: Supported in part by the Swedish research council (VR) project no. 2025-05419 and\r\nthe Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) funded by the Knut and\r\nAlice Wallenberg Foundation.\r\nAcknowledgements We thank the jury that our paper introducing Strategy Logic at the Conference\r\non Concurrency Theory (CONCUR) 2007 [10] was chosen for a CONCUR Test-of-Time Award at\r\nCONCUR 2026.","abstract":[{"text":"In this note, we recall the history and our motivation behind the development of Strategy Logic and we discuss some of the work that ensued from its introduction.","lang":"eng"}],"title":"A look back at strategy logic"},{"intvolume":"        12","file_date_updated":"2026-09-22T06:50:16Z","publication":"Science Advances","oa_version":"Published Version","oa":1,"file":[{"file_id":"22980","date_updated":"2026-09-22T06:50:16Z","success":1,"file_name":"2026_ScienceAdv_Venturino.pdf","creator":"dernst","checksum":"715a1f35a0805be85ef90556205a2cbc","file_size":4556377,"relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-09-22T06:50:16Z"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-22T06:56:26Z","das_tickbox":"1","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"SaSi"},{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"PreCl"}],"date_created":"2026-09-17T11:05:39Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"07","dataavailabilitystatement":"All data and code needed to evaluate and reproduce the results in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. This study did not generate new materials. Transcriptional data can be accessed at the NCBI GEO accession GSE298669. The code for the morphological analysis is available under DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19057068. The codes for the single-nucleus analysis are accessible under DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19019013 and DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19071467.","DOAJ_listed":"1","_id":"22951","publisher":"AAAS","issue":"31","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Corticosterone-linked microglial activity underpins sexually dimorphic neuroplasticity after ketamine anesthesia","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Anesthesia recovery is critical for resuming normal physiological and neuronal functions; however, the mechanisms involved remain elusive. Here, we identify a female-selective corticosterone-mediated microglia-neuron interaction during ketamine anesthesia recovery, absent in males. This microglia-neuron interaction induces plastic and functional neuronal changes, as evidenced by increased mEPSC frequency, which was occluded upon microglia depletion. We showed that this process is driven through up-regulation of the stress-responsive co-chaperone Fkbp5 mRNA and its protein, Fkbp51, in female microglia. Fkbp5/Fkbp51 is a key intermediary in a corticosteroid-induced stress response, and its involvement points toward a critical interface between endocrine signaling and microglia. To counteract the observed ketamine anesthesia-mediated increase in blood corticosterone during recovery, we removed the primary source of corticosterone by adrenalectomy. Close microglia-neuron interaction was reduced and increased again following corticosterone injection. Our findings identify a sex-specific microglia-mediated mechanism of neuronal plasticity during anesthesia recovery, driven by corticosterone, thereby enhancing our understanding of sex differences in brain function."}],"acknowledgement":"We thank the scientific service units at ISTA, especially the imaging optic facility (IOF), the machine shop (Miba), specifically T. Asenov, the preclinical facility (PCF), specifically M. Schunn and S. Haslinger, C. Jansen for bioinformatic support, and the laboratory support facility (LSF). We also thank M. Benevento for supporting the design and partial performance of electrophysiology and fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments and for extensive discussions about the manuscript draft, R. Schulz and G. Colombo for advice on morphological reconstruction, M. Schmidt for valuable discussions about Fkbp5, and all Siegert team members for constant feedback on the project and manuscript. Grammarly was used to assist with grammatical revisions. We specifically acknowledge the following experimental contributions: R.J.A.C. (Multiome quality control), P.K. (electrophysiology), B.T., C.T.J.V., K.J. (multiome), J.Y. (KXA estimates), M.A. and T.N. (morphOMICs).\r\nA.V., M.A., T.N., R.J.A.C., J.Y., P.K., and S.S. were supported by the Institute of Science and Technology Austria. C.T.J.V., K.J., and B.T. were supported by the Allen Institute.","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"year":"2026","researchdata_availability":"yes","volume":12,"citation":{"chicago":"Venturino, Alessandro, Amin Alam, Thomas Negrello, Kelly Jin, Cindy T. J. van Velthoven, Ryan J Cubero, Jake Yeung, Peter Koppensteiner, Bosiljka Tasic, and Sandra Siegert. “Corticosterone-Linked Microglial Activity Underpins Sexually Dimorphic Neuroplasticity after Ketamine Anesthesia.” <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6517\">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6517</a>.","apa":"Venturino, A., Alam, A., Negrello, T., Jin, K., van Velthoven, C. T. J., Cubero, R. J., … Siegert, S. (2026). Corticosterone-linked microglial activity underpins sexually dimorphic neuroplasticity after ketamine anesthesia. <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6517\">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6517</a>","short":"A. Venturino, A. Alam, T. Negrello, K. Jin, C.T.J. van Velthoven, R.J. Cubero, J. Yeung, P. Koppensteiner, B. Tasic, S. Siegert, Science Advances 12 (2026).","ieee":"A. Venturino <i>et al.</i>, “Corticosterone-linked microglial activity underpins sexually dimorphic neuroplasticity after ketamine anesthesia,” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 12, no. 31. AAAS, 2026.","ista":"Venturino A, Alam A, Negrello T, Jin K, van Velthoven CTJ, Cubero RJ, Yeung J, Koppensteiner P, Tasic B, Siegert S. 2026. Corticosterone-linked microglial activity underpins sexually dimorphic neuroplasticity after ketamine anesthesia. Science Advances. 12(31), eadz6517.","ama":"Venturino A, Alam A, Negrello T, et al. Corticosterone-linked microglial activity underpins sexually dimorphic neuroplasticity after ketamine anesthesia. <i>Science Advances</i>. 2026;12(31). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6517\">10.1126/sciadv.adz6517</a>","mla":"Venturino, Alessandro, et al. “Corticosterone-Linked Microglial Activity Underpins Sexually Dimorphic Neuroplasticity after Ketamine Anesthesia.” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 12, no. 31, eadz6517, AAAS, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6517\">10.1126/sciadv.adz6517</a>."},"publication_status":"published","OA_place":"publisher","OA_type":"gold","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adz6517","date_published":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","pmid":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["42536755 "]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz6517","ddc":["570"],"has_accepted_license":"1","day":"01","article_processing_charge":"Yes","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"PreCl"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"PlanS_conform":"1","type":"journal_article","supplementarymaterial":"yes","article_number":"eadz6517","corr_author":"1","author":[{"id":"41CB84B2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Alessandro","full_name":"Venturino, Alessandro","orcid":"0000-0003-2356-9403","last_name":"Venturino"},{"last_name":"Alam","first_name":"Amin","id":"65a3f615-b651-11f1-9c4b-da4396a4174a","full_name":"Alam, Amin"},{"full_name":"Negrello, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","id":"37d68bf2-b651-11f1-b680-ec86ff9a70f3","last_name":"Negrello"},{"full_name":"Jin, Kelly","first_name":"Kelly","last_name":"Jin"},{"full_name":"van Velthoven, Cindy T. J.","first_name":"Cindy T. J.","last_name":"van Velthoven"},{"last_name":"Cubero","orcid":"0000-0003-0002-1867","full_name":"Cubero, Ryan J","first_name":"Ryan J","id":"850B2E12-9CD4-11E9-837F-E719E6697425"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-1732-1559","last_name":"Yeung","full_name":"Yeung, Jake","first_name":"Jake","id":"123012b2-db30-11eb-b4d8-a35840c0551b"},{"full_name":"Koppensteiner, Peter","first_name":"Peter","id":"3B8B25A8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-3509-1948","last_name":"Koppensteiner"},{"last_name":"Tasic","first_name":"Bosiljka","full_name":"Tasic, Bosiljka"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8635-0877","last_name":"Siegert","full_name":"Siegert, Sandra","first_name":"Sandra","id":"36ACD32E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"scopus_import":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2375-2548"]}},{"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"AAAS","status":"public","issue":"31","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge support from eRc project n-AQUA, grant agreement 101071937. B.c. acknowledges support from the nOMiS Foundation. M.L. acknowledges support from theAlexander von humboldt foundation. Q.Y. acknowledges support from the Royal SocietyUniversity Research Fellowship URF\\R1\\221096 and UK Research and innovation Grant (eP/X017575/1). ","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Mechanosensitive ion transport plays a central role in enabling living systems to perceive and adapt to their environment through the deformation of soft, embedded ion channels. In this work, we demonstrate that ion transport within a two-dimensional graphite nanoslit can be rationally engineered to achieve a bipolar, pressure-sensitive response without any structural deformation. The mechanosensitivity arises from the selective charging of one channel inlet, which acts as a reversible source of mobile charge carriers. These excess ions can then be advected in or out of the channel by the pressure-driven water flow, thereby modulating the ionic conductance. This mechanism is captured through a comprehensive electrohydrodynamic model that analytically accounts for coupled diffusion, convection, surface transport, diffusio-osmosis, and interfacial slippage, both inside and outside the nanoslit. The theoretical framework quantitatively reproduces the experimental data, showing that a simple surface charge pattern can give rise to complex, pressure-dependent conductance. These findings reveal how rich nonlinear couplings at the nanoscale can be harnessed to design adaptive, bioinspired nanofluidic systems, exemplified here by ionic pressure sensors."}],"title":"Architecting mechanosensitive nanofluidic transport in graphite nanoslits","publication_status":"published","OA_place":"publisher","citation":{"chicago":"Lizée, Mathieu, Zhijia Zhang, Baptiste Coquinot, Qian Yang, and Lydéric Bocquet. “Architecting Mechanosensitive Nanofluidic Transport in Graphite Nanoslits.” <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aed4451\">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aed4451</a>.","apa":"Lizée, M., Zhang, Z., Coquinot, B., Yang, Q., &#38; Bocquet, L. (2026). Architecting mechanosensitive nanofluidic transport in graphite nanoslits. <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aed4451\">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aed4451</a>","short":"M. Lizée, Z. Zhang, B. Coquinot, Q. Yang, L. Bocquet, Science Advances 12 (2026).","ieee":"M. Lizée, Z. Zhang, B. Coquinot, Q. Yang, and L. Bocquet, “Architecting mechanosensitive nanofluidic transport in graphite nanoslits,” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 12, no. 31. AAAS, 2026.","ista":"Lizée M, Zhang Z, Coquinot B, Yang Q, Bocquet L. 2026. Architecting mechanosensitive nanofluidic transport in graphite nanoslits. Science Advances. 12(31), eaed4451.","ama":"Lizée M, Zhang Z, Coquinot B, Yang Q, Bocquet L. Architecting mechanosensitive nanofluidic transport in graphite nanoslits. <i>Science Advances</i>. 2026;12(31). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aed4451\">10.1126/sciadv.aed4451</a>","mla":"Lizée, Mathieu, et al. “Architecting Mechanosensitive Nanofluidic Transport in Graphite Nanoslits.” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 12, no. 31, eaed4451, AAAS, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aed4451\">10.1126/sciadv.aed4451</a>."},"year":"2026","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"volume":12,"researchdata_availability":"no","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aed4451","OA_type":"gold","oa_version":"Published Version","publication":"Science Advances","intvolume":"        12","file_date_updated":"2026-09-24T10:46:31Z","das_tickbox":"1","oa":1,"file":[{"relation":"main_file","checksum":"ae3d6231ea5cea3a0014a6da2e8c8c30","file_size":1264180,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-09-24T10:46:31Z","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"22989","date_updated":"2026-09-24T10:46:31Z","success":1,"file_name":"2026_ScienceAdv_Lizee.pdf","creator":"dernst"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-24T12:00:31Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2026-09-17T11:05:47Z","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"MiLe"}],"DOAJ_listed":"1","_id":"22952","month":"07","dataavailabilitystatement":"All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. no new materials have been created for this work","day":"01","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"Yes","PlanS_conform":"1","article_number":"eaed4451","supplementarymaterial":"yes","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2375-2548"]},"scopus_import":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Lizée","first_name":"Mathieu","full_name":"Lizée, Mathieu"},{"first_name":"Zhijia","full_name":"Zhang, Zhijia","last_name":"Zhang"},{"last_name":"Coquinot","orcid":"0000-0001-5524-596X","first_name":"Baptiste","id":"f8417bd4-f599-11ee-a482-b927e3ed1e8e","full_name":"Coquinot, Baptiste"},{"full_name":"Yang, Qian","first_name":"Qian","last_name":"Yang"},{"last_name":"Bocquet","full_name":"Bocquet, Lydéric","first_name":"Lydéric"}],"external_id":{"pmid":["42525771"]},"date_published":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","pmid":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aed4451","ddc":["530"]},{"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"researchdata_availability":"no","year":"2026","citation":{"ama":"Baracco L, Bernardi O, Florio A, Nardi A. Birkhoff attractors for dissipative symplectic billiards. <i>Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations</i>. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10884-026-10528-9\">10.1007/s10884-026-10528-9</a>","mla":"Baracco, Luca, et al. “Birkhoff Attractors for Dissipative Symplectic Billiards.” <i>Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations</i>, Springer, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10884-026-10528-9\">10.1007/s10884-026-10528-9</a>.","ista":"Baracco L, Bernardi O, Florio A, Nardi A. 2026. Birkhoff attractors for dissipative symplectic billiards. Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations.","short":"L. Baracco, O. Bernardi, A. Florio, A. Nardi, Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations (2026).","ieee":"L. Baracco, O. Bernardi, A. Florio, and A. Nardi, “Birkhoff attractors for dissipative symplectic billiards,” <i>Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations</i>. Springer, 2026.","chicago":"Baracco, Luca, Olga Bernardi, Anna Florio, and Alessandra Nardi. “Birkhoff Attractors for Dissipative Symplectic Billiards.” <i>Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations</i>. Springer, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10884-026-10528-9\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10884-026-10528-9</a>.","apa":"Baracco, L., Bernardi, O., Florio, A., &#38; Nardi, A. (2026). Birkhoff attractors for dissipative symplectic billiards. <i>Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations</i>. Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10884-026-10528-9\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10884-026-10528-9</a>"},"OA_place":"publisher","publication_status":"epub_ahead","OA_type":"hybrid","doi":"10.1007/s10884-026-10528-9","publisher":"Springer","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The aim of the present paper is to propose and study a dissipative variant of symplectic billiards within planar strictly convex domains. The associated billiard map is dissipative, thus it admits a compact invariant set, the so-called Birkhoff attractor. Its complexity depends on the rate of dissipation as well as on the geometry of the billiard table. We prove that (a) for strong dissipation, the Birkhoff attractor is a normally contracted graph over the zero section; (b) for mild dissipation, the Birkhoff attractor within a centrally symmetric domain is an indecomposable continuum whose restricted dynamics has positive topological entropy. We compare these results with those for dissipative Birkhoff billiards, studied in [15]."}],"title":"Birkhoff attractors for dissipative symplectic billiards","acknowledgement":"Open access funding provided by Università degli Studi di Padova within the CRUI-CARE Agreement. A.F. is partially supported by the ANR project CoSyDy (ANR-CE40-0014), the ANR project GALS (ANR-23-CE40-0001) and PEPS project “Jeuns chercheurs et jeunes chercheuses” 2025. L.B. and O.B. have been partially supported by the PRIN project 2022FPZEES “Stability in Hamiltonian Dynamics and Beyond”.","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"VaKa"}],"date_created":"2026-09-17T11:05:59Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"07","_id":"22954","publication":"Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations","oa_version":"Published Version","oa":1,"date_updated":"2026-09-24T12:26:26Z","das_tickbox":"0","supplementarymaterial":"no","author":[{"full_name":"Baracco, Luca","first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Baracco"},{"full_name":"Bernardi, Olga","first_name":"Olga","last_name":"Bernardi"},{"last_name":"Florio","first_name":"Anna","full_name":"Florio, Anna"},{"last_name":"Nardi","first_name":"Alessandra","id":"3e9c89df-ff0c-11f0-9fd7-c11e36d36769","full_name":"Nardi, Alessandra"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1572-9222"],"issn":["1040-7294"]},"scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10884-026-10528-9"}],"day":"27","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","PlanS_conform":"1","type":"journal_article","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10884-026-10528-9","ddc":["500"],"has_accepted_license":"1","arxiv":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2509.13086"]},"date_published":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Dissipative symplectic billiard","Birkhoff attractor","Conformally symplectic twist map"]},{"day":"24","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","corr_author":"1","page":"469-488","supplementarymaterial":"no","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1930-532X"],"issn":["1930-5311"]},"scopus_import":"1","mathsc":["37D50","53C24","58J53"],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.12644"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Baracco","first_name":"Luca","full_name":"Baracco, Luca"},{"last_name":"Bernardi","full_name":"Bernardi, Olga","first_name":"Olga"},{"last_name":"Nardi","first_name":"Alessandra","id":"3e9c89df-ff0c-11f0-9fd7-c11e36d36769","full_name":"Nardi, Alessandra"}],"date_published":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2410.12644"]},"arxiv":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.3934/jmd.2026012","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"American Institute of Mathematical Sciences","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"We prove that any finitely smooth, axially symmetric, strictly convex domain with everywhere positive curvature and sufficiently close to an ellipse is area spectrally rigid. This means that any area-isospectral family of domains in this class is necessarily equi-affine. We use techniques, adapted to symplectic billiards, inspired by the paper of J. De Simoi, V. Kaloshin and Q. Wei [5].","lang":"eng"}],"title":"Area spectral rigidity for axially symmetric symplectic billiard tables","citation":{"ama":"Baracco L, Bernardi O, Nardi A. Area spectral rigidity for axially symmetric symplectic billiard tables. <i>Journal of Modern Dynamics</i>. 2026;22:469-488. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3934/jmd.2026012\">10.3934/jmd.2026012</a>","mla":"Baracco, Luca, et al. “Area Spectral Rigidity for Axially Symmetric Symplectic Billiard Tables.” <i>Journal of Modern Dynamics</i>, vol. 22, American Institute of Mathematical Sciences, 2026, pp. 469–88, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3934/jmd.2026012\">10.3934/jmd.2026012</a>.","ista":"Baracco L, Bernardi O, Nardi A. 2026. Area spectral rigidity for axially symmetric symplectic billiard tables. Journal of Modern Dynamics. 22, 469–488.","short":"L. Baracco, O. Bernardi, A. Nardi, Journal of Modern Dynamics 22 (2026) 469–488.","ieee":"L. Baracco, O. Bernardi, and A. Nardi, “Area spectral rigidity for axially symmetric symplectic billiard tables,” <i>Journal of Modern Dynamics</i>, vol. 22. American Institute of Mathematical Sciences, pp. 469–488, 2026.","chicago":"Baracco, Luca, Olga Bernardi, and Alessandra Nardi. “Area Spectral Rigidity for Axially Symmetric Symplectic Billiard Tables.” <i>Journal of Modern Dynamics</i>. American Institute of Mathematical Sciences, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3934/jmd.2026012\">https://doi.org/10.3934/jmd.2026012</a>.","apa":"Baracco, L., Bernardi, O., &#38; Nardi, A. (2026). Area spectral rigidity for axially symmetric symplectic billiard tables. <i>Journal of Modern Dynamics</i>. American Institute of Mathematical Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3934/jmd.2026012\">https://doi.org/10.3934/jmd.2026012</a>"},"OA_place":"repository","publication_status":"published","year":"2026","researchdata_availability":"no","volume":22,"doi":"10.3934/jmd.2026012","OA_type":"green","oa_version":"Preprint","publication":"Journal of Modern Dynamics","intvolume":"        22","das_tickbox":"0","oa":1,"date_updated":"2026-09-24T12:12:44Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2026-09-17T11:05:53Z","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"VaKa"}],"_id":"22953","month":"07"},{"publication_status":"published","OA_place":"publisher","citation":{"ista":"Padilla Franzotti CL, Olguín-Orellana GJ, Palopoli N, Urquiza-Zurich S, Garcia-Moreno A, Monzón S, Cabrera-Pasadas M, Soler Sáez I, Perpiñá-Clérigues C, Puche Quiñonez RJ, Vélez Segura J, Lovaco-Flores JA, Osorio Mogollón CM, Esquinas-Román EM, Miserendino MC, Eranti P, Castillo-Orozco A, Cuesta-Astroz Y, Parra RG. 2026. Bioinformatics in Español: Expanding open, diverse, and collaborative science through SEH2Bioinfo. Bioinformatics Advances. 6(1), vbag182.","mla":"Padilla Franzotti, Carla L., et al. “Bioinformatics in Español: Expanding Open, Diverse, and Collaborative Science through SEH2Bioinfo.” <i>Bioinformatics Advances</i>, vol. 6, no. 1, vbag182, Oxford University Press, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioadv/vbag182\">10.1093/bioadv/vbag182</a>.","ama":"Padilla Franzotti CL, Olguín-Orellana GJ, Palopoli N, et al. Bioinformatics in Español: Expanding open, diverse, and collaborative science through SEH2Bioinfo. <i>Bioinformatics Advances</i>. 2026;6(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioadv/vbag182\">10.1093/bioadv/vbag182</a>","apa":"Padilla Franzotti, C. L., Olguín-Orellana, G. J., Palopoli, N., Urquiza-Zurich, S., Garcia-Moreno, A., Monzón, S., … Parra, R. G. (2026). Bioinformatics in Español: Expanding open, diverse, and collaborative science through SEH2Bioinfo. <i>Bioinformatics Advances</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioadv/vbag182\">https://doi.org/10.1093/bioadv/vbag182</a>","chicago":"Padilla Franzotti, Carla L, Gabriel J Olguín-Orellana, Nicolas Palopoli, Sebastián Urquiza-Zurich, Adrian Garcia-Moreno, Sara Monzón, Mónica Cabrera-Pasadas, et al. “Bioinformatics in Español: Expanding Open, Diverse, and Collaborative Science through SEH2Bioinfo.” <i>Bioinformatics Advances</i>. Oxford University Press, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioadv/vbag182\">https://doi.org/10.1093/bioadv/vbag182</a>.","ieee":"C. L. Padilla Franzotti <i>et al.</i>, “Bioinformatics in Español: Expanding open, diverse, and collaborative science through SEH2Bioinfo,” <i>Bioinformatics Advances</i>, vol. 6, no. 1. Oxford University Press, 2026.","short":"C.L. Padilla Franzotti, G.J. Olguín-Orellana, N. Palopoli, S. Urquiza-Zurich, A. Garcia-Moreno, S. Monzón, M. Cabrera-Pasadas, I. Soler Sáez, C. Perpiñá-Clérigues, R.J. Puche Quiñonez, J. Vélez Segura, J.A. Lovaco-Flores, C.M. Osorio Mogollón, E.M. Esquinas-Román, M.C. Miserendino, P. Eranti, A. Castillo-Orozco, Y. Cuesta-Astroz, R.G. Parra, Bioinformatics Advances 6 (2026)."},"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"volume":6,"year":"2026","researchdata_availability":"yes","doi":"10.1093/bioadv/vbag182","OA_type":"gold","quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","issue":"1","publisher":"Oxford University Press","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge the sponsors who made the SEH2Bioinfo possible, the organizers from the various Spanish-speaking RSGs, and\r\nthe collaborators who contributed to dissemination, logistics,\r\nand other essential tasks for its execution. G.J.O.-O. thanks the\r\nFONDECYT Postdoctoral Project No. 3250793 for financial support. G.J.O.-O. also expresses gratitude to Valentina Luza: “May\r\nher passion for science communication keep inspiring new generations, myself included, to infinity and beyond!” R.G.P.\r\nthanks the Argentinian public university education system as an\r\nelement of social ascendance and democratization of professional opportunities.","title":"Bioinformatics in Español: Expanding open, diverse, and collaborative science through SEH2Bioinfo","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Linguistic inequality remains a silent barrier in contemporary science, particularly in rapidly evolving and interdisciplinary fields such as bioinformatics. This article examines how the Spanish-speaking community has responded to this gap through the creation of the Simposio de Estudiantes Hispanohablantes de Bioinformática y Biología Computacional (SEH2Bioinfo), a collective initiative that transforms language into a tool for inclusion and collaboration. Drawing on a historical review of the use of Spanish in scientific communication and an analysis of the two editions of SEH2Bioinfo (2022 and 2025), complemented by surveys of more than 1500 participants, we explore the effects of language on confidence, participation, and academic visibility. The findings show that Spanish can serve as a space for training and mentorship without compromising rigor, while simultaneously strengthening international networks and promoting open science. The growth of SEH2Bioinfo, its collaborative approach, and its intercontinental reach establish the symposium as a model for linguistic equity in scientific practice. Its experience demonstrates that expanding linguistic diversity in bioinformatics is not only possible but essential to building a global scientific community that is fairer, more connected, and representative."}],"date_created":"2026-09-17T11:06:17Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","department":[{"_id":"PaSc"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"article_type":"original","_id":"22957","DOAJ_listed":"1","dataavailabilitystatement":"The data underlying this article, including the abstract books for\r\nthe first and second editions of the SEH2Bioinfo symposia, are\r\navailable in Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6603621\r\nand https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1,54,46,570, respectively.","month":"08","oa_version":"Published Version","publication":"Bioinformatics Advances","file_date_updated":"2026-10-01T08:55:00Z","intvolume":"         6","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioadv/vbag271","relation":"erratum"}]},"das_tickbox":"1","date_updated":"2026-10-01T08:59:32Z","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2026-10-01T08:55:00Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1359968,"checksum":"8885b0531a655103c46899b2f935b0db","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","file_name":"2026_BioinformaticsAdvances_Franzotti.pdf","success":1,"file_id":"23016","date_updated":"2026-10-01T08:55:00Z"}],"oa":1,"article_number":"vbag182","supplementarymaterial":"no","scopus_import":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2635-0041"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Carla L","full_name":"Padilla Franzotti, Carla L","last_name":"Padilla Franzotti"},{"first_name":"Gabriel J","full_name":"Olguín-Orellana, Gabriel J","last_name":"Olguín-Orellana"},{"full_name":"Palopoli, Nicolas","first_name":"Nicolas","last_name":"Palopoli"},{"last_name":"Urquiza-Zurich","first_name":"Sebastián","full_name":"Urquiza-Zurich, Sebastián"},{"full_name":"Garcia-Moreno, Adrian","first_name":"Adrian","last_name":"Garcia-Moreno"},{"first_name":"Sara","full_name":"Monzón, Sara","last_name":"Monzón"},{"last_name":"Cabrera-Pasadas","full_name":"Cabrera-Pasadas, Mónica","first_name":"Mónica"},{"last_name":"Soler Sáez","full_name":"Soler Sáez, Irene","first_name":"Irene"},{"full_name":"Perpiñá-Clérigues, Carla","first_name":"Carla","last_name":"Perpiñá-Clérigues"},{"first_name":"Rafael J","full_name":"Puche Quiñonez, Rafael J","last_name":"Puche Quiñonez"},{"last_name":"Vélez Segura","first_name":"Jennifer","full_name":"Vélez Segura, Jennifer"},{"last_name":"Lovaco-Flores","first_name":"Jose Abel","full_name":"Lovaco-Flores, Jose Abel"},{"first_name":"Cleidy M","full_name":"Osorio Mogollón, Cleidy M","last_name":"Osorio Mogollón"},{"full_name":"Esquinas-Román, Eva M","first_name":"Eva M","last_name":"Esquinas-Román"},{"last_name":"Miserendino","full_name":"Miserendino, Maria C","first_name":"Maria C","id":"273e0cbd-72f0-11ef-b75a-f9f932e292fa"},{"first_name":"Pradeep","full_name":"Eranti, Pradeep","last_name":"Eranti"},{"last_name":"Castillo-Orozco","first_name":"Ana","full_name":"Castillo-Orozco, Ana"},{"first_name":"Yesid","full_name":"Cuesta-Astroz, Yesid","last_name":"Cuesta-Astroz"},{"first_name":"R Gonzalo","full_name":"Parra, R Gonzalo","last_name":"Parra"}],"day":"06","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"Yes","has_accepted_license":"1","ddc":["570"],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bioadv/vbag182","pmid":1,"date_published":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"pmid":["42577783"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1367-2630"]},"scopus_import":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Marchese","full_name":"Marchese, Marta M","id":"fdac3bd4-d1c1-11ef-aaa4-fad05dc21577","first_name":"Marta M"},{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Braun, Daniel","last_name":"Braun"},{"last_name":"Nimmrichter","full_name":"Nimmrichter, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan"},{"last_name":"Rätzel","first_name":"Dennis","full_name":"Rätzel, Dennis"}],"corr_author":"1","article_number":"084505","supplementarymaterial":"yes","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"Yes","day":"13","has_accepted_license":"1","ddc":["530"],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ae8b16","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2602.08981"]},"arxiv":1,"doi":"10.1088/1367-2630/ae8b16","OA_type":"gold","OA_place":"publisher","citation":{"ama":"Marchese MM, Braun D, Nimmrichter S, Rätzel D. Cascaded optomechanical sensing for small signals. <i>New Journal of Physics</i>. 2026;28(8). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ae8b16\">10.1088/1367-2630/ae8b16</a>","mla":"Marchese, Marta M., et al. “Cascaded Optomechanical Sensing for Small Signals.” <i>New Journal of Physics</i>, vol. 28, no. 8, 084505, IOP Publishing, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ae8b16\">10.1088/1367-2630/ae8b16</a>.","ista":"Marchese MM, Braun D, Nimmrichter S, Rätzel D. 2026. Cascaded optomechanical sensing for small signals. New Journal of Physics. 28(8), 084505.","short":"M.M. Marchese, D. Braun, S. Nimmrichter, D. Rätzel, New Journal of Physics 28 (2026).","ieee":"M. M. Marchese, D. Braun, S. Nimmrichter, and D. Rätzel, “Cascaded optomechanical sensing for small signals,” <i>New Journal of Physics</i>, vol. 28, no. 8. IOP Publishing, 2026.","chicago":"Marchese, Marta M, Daniel Braun, Stefan Nimmrichter, and Dennis Rätzel. “Cascaded Optomechanical Sensing for Small Signals.” <i>New Journal of Physics</i>. IOP Publishing, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ae8b16\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ae8b16</a>.","apa":"Marchese, M. M., Braun, D., Nimmrichter, S., &#38; Rätzel, D. (2026). Cascaded optomechanical sensing for small signals. <i>New Journal of Physics</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ae8b16\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ae8b16</a>"},"publication_status":"published","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"volume":28,"year":"2026","researchdata_availability":"no","acknowledgement":"We thank Germain Tobar, Navdeep Arya, Magdalena Zych, Teodor Strömberg and Onur Hosten for useful discussions. M M M acknowledges support from the Walter Benjamin Programme (Project Number 510053905) and from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [10.55776/COE1]. DB acknowledges funding by the EU EIC Pathfinder project QuCoM (101046973). D R acknowledges funding by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany in the project ‘Open6GHub’ (Grant Number: 16KISK016), financial support from EPSRC (Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom) Grant Number EP/X009467/1, and support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC-2123 QuantumFrontiers - 390837967.","title":"Cascaded optomechanical sensing for small signals","abstract":[{"text":"We propose a sensing scheme for detecting weak forces that achieves sensitivity scaling proportional to the number of individual sensors without relying on entanglement or other non-classical resources. Our scheme utilizes coherent averaging across a chain of \r\n optomechanical cavities, unidirectionally coupled via a laser beam. As the beam passes through the cavities, it accumulates phase shifts induced by a common external force acting on the mechanical elements. Remarkably, this fully classical approach achieves the sensitivity scaling typically associated with quantum-enhanced protocols, providing a robust and experimentally feasible route to precision sensing. Potential applications range from high-sensitivity gravitational field measurements at the Large Hadron Collider to probing dark matter interactions and detecting gravitational waves. This work opens a new pathway for leveraging coherent light-matter interactions for force sensing.","lang":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","issue":"8","status":"public","publisher":"IOP Publishing","project":[{"name":"Quantum Science Austria (Hosten)","grant_number":"COE01","_id":"3b79db15-b029-11f1-a721-dbd41d892ec2"}],"_id":"22958","DOAJ_listed":"1","dataavailabilitystatement":"All data that support the findings of this study are included within the article (and any supplementary files).","month":"08","date_created":"2026-09-17T11:06:23Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","department":[{"_id":"OnHo"}],"article_type":"original","das_tickbox":"1","file":[{"file_name":"2026_NewJourPhysics_Marchese.pdf","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2026-10-01T09:17:19Z","file_id":"23018","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-10-01T09:17:19Z","file_size":799610,"checksum":"b932d9f4bac1a2f6777e41d884b7b703","relation":"main_file"}],"date_updated":"2026-10-01T09:19:39Z","oa":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","publication":"New Journal of Physics","file_date_updated":"2026-10-01T09:17:19Z","intvolume":"        28"},{"supplementarymaterial":"no","article_number":"gzag020","author":[{"last_name":"Ai","full_name":"Ai, Hui-wang","first_name":"Hui-wang"},{"last_name":"Arnold","full_name":"Arnold, Frances H","first_name":"Frances H"},{"first_name":"Doug","full_name":"Barrick, Doug","last_name":"Barrick"},{"full_name":"Bayley, Hagan","first_name":"Hagan","last_name":"Bayley"},{"full_name":"Brownless, Alfie-Louise R","first_name":"Alfie-Louise R","last_name":"Brownless"},{"last_name":"Campbell","full_name":"Campbell, Robert E","first_name":"Robert E"},{"last_name":"Castells-Graells","full_name":"Castells-Graells, Roger","first_name":"Roger"},{"full_name":"Chaiyen, Pimchai","first_name":"Pimchai","last_name":"Chaiyen"},{"last_name":"Chica","first_name":"Roberto A","full_name":"Chica, Roberto A"},{"last_name":"Chisholm","full_name":"Chisholm, Lauren O","first_name":"Lauren O"},{"last_name":"Christ","first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Christ, Daniel"},{"full_name":"Chu, Guo-Chao","first_name":"Guo-Chao","last_name":"Chu"},{"full_name":"Chungyoun, Michael","first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Chungyoun"},{"first_name":"Vincent G H","full_name":"Eijsink, Vincent G H","last_name":"Eijsink"},{"full_name":"Elowitz, Michael B","first_name":"Michael B","last_name":"Elowitz"},{"full_name":"Fansher, Douglas J","first_name":"Douglas J","last_name":"Fansher"},{"last_name":"Fasan","first_name":"Rudi","full_name":"Fasan, Rudi"},{"full_name":"Foley, Gabriel","first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"Foley"},{"first_name":"Michelle S","full_name":"Frei, Michelle S","last_name":"Frei"},{"full_name":"Gagsteiger, Andreas","first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Gagsteiger"},{"last_name":"Gao","full_name":"Gao, Ruiyan","first_name":"Ruiyan"},{"last_name":"Gillam","full_name":"Gillam, Elizabeth M J","first_name":"Elizabeth M J"},{"full_name":"Gray, Jeffrey J","first_name":"Jeffrey J","last_name":"Gray"},{"full_name":"Guerra, Luis F","first_name":"Luis F","last_name":"Guerra"},{"full_name":"Höcker, Birte","first_name":"Birte","last_name":"Höcker"},{"first_name":"Zhiyang","full_name":"Jin, Zhiyang","last_name":"Jin"},{"first_name":"Shina Caroline Lynn","full_name":"Kamerlin, Shina Caroline Lynn","last_name":"Kamerlin"},{"last_name":"Koga","full_name":"Koga, Nobuyasu","first_name":"Nobuyasu"},{"last_name":"Kontermann","full_name":"Kontermann, Roland E","first_name":"Roland E"},{"last_name":"Kuhlman","first_name":"Brian","full_name":"Kuhlman, Brian"},{"full_name":"Langlois, Olivia A","first_name":"Olivia A","last_name":"Langlois"},{"last_name":"Li","first_name":"Dongyang","full_name":"Li, Dongyang"},{"full_name":"Lins, Roberto D","first_name":"Roberto D","last_name":"Lins"},{"full_name":"Liu, Chang C","first_name":"Chang C","last_name":"Liu"},{"full_name":"Liu, Lei","first_name":"Lei","last_name":"Liu"},{"last_name":"López Barreiro","first_name":"Diego","full_name":"López Barreiro, Diego"},{"last_name":"Lu","first_name":"Peilong","full_name":"Lu, Peilong"},{"last_name":"Mehta","full_name":"Mehta, Sohum","first_name":"Sohum"},{"last_name":"Miyazaki","first_name":"Ikumi","full_name":"Miyazaki, Ikumi"},{"last_name":"Müller","full_name":"Müller, Manuel M","first_name":"Manuel M"},{"last_name":"Muyldermans","first_name":"Serge","full_name":"Muyldermans, Serge"},{"last_name":"Nemoto","first_name":"Naoto","full_name":"Nemoto, Naoto"},{"last_name":"Nivala","first_name":"Jeff","full_name":"Nivala, Jeff"},{"first_name":"James K","full_name":"Nuñez, James K","last_name":"Nuñez"},{"last_name":"Ornelas","full_name":"Ornelas, Izaiah J","first_name":"Izaiah J"},{"last_name":"Pelletier","full_name":"Pelletier, Joelle N","first_name":"Joelle N"},{"full_name":"Plückthun, Andreas","first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Plückthun"},{"full_name":"Porth, Owen T","first_name":"Owen T","last_name":"Porth"},{"last_name":"Prakinee","full_name":"Prakinee, Kridsadakorn","first_name":"Kridsadakorn"},{"first_name":"Yujia","full_name":"Qing, Yujia","last_name":"Qing"},{"last_name":"Reisenbauer","full_name":"Reisenbauer, Julia","id":"51d862e9-36ee-11f0-86d3-8534c85a5496","first_name":"Julia"},{"last_name":"Schmidt","first_name":"Sandy","full_name":"Schmidt, Sandy"},{"full_name":"Seifert, Oliver","first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Seifert"},{"first_name":"Mikhail G","full_name":"Shapiro, Mikhail G","last_name":"Shapiro"},{"last_name":"Sharma","full_name":"Sharma, Rachna","first_name":"Rachna"},{"first_name":"Nilmani","full_name":"Singh, Nilmani","last_name":"Singh"},{"full_name":"Smith, Benjamin J","first_name":"Benjamin J","last_name":"Smith"},{"last_name":"Spangler","first_name":"Jamie B","full_name":"Spangler, Jamie B"},{"full_name":"Tatsumi-Koga, Rie","first_name":"Rie","last_name":"Tatsumi-Koga"},{"last_name":"Terai","full_name":"Terai, Takuya","first_name":"Takuya"},{"last_name":"Terholsen","first_name":"Henrik","full_name":"Terholsen, Henrik"},{"full_name":"Tolhurst, Mattias","first_name":"Mattias","last_name":"Tolhurst"},{"full_name":"Tripp, Katherine W","first_name":"Katherine W","last_name":"Tripp"},{"last_name":"Trossmann","first_name":"Vanessa Tanja","full_name":"Trossmann, Vanessa Tanja"},{"full_name":"Tucker, Chandra L","first_name":"Chandra L","last_name":"Tucker"},{"first_name":"Onur","full_name":"Turak, Onur","last_name":"Turak"},{"full_name":"Van Deventer, James A","first_name":"James A","last_name":"Van Deventer"},{"last_name":"Várnai","full_name":"Várnai, Anikó","first_name":"Anikó"},{"full_name":"Viana, Isabelle F T","first_name":"Isabelle F T","last_name":"Viana"},{"last_name":"Weeks","first_name":"Amy M","full_name":"Weeks, Amy M"},{"full_name":"Wittrup, K Dane","first_name":"K Dane","last_name":"Wittrup"},{"last_name":"Wong","first_name":"Kingsley L-J","full_name":"Wong, Kingsley L-J"},{"last_name":"Xi","first_name":"Chenggang","full_name":"Xi, Chenggang"},{"full_name":"Yeates, Todd O","first_name":"Todd O","last_name":"Yeates"},{"first_name":"Andy Hsien-Wei","full_name":"Yeh, Andy Hsien-Wei","last_name":"Yeh"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Jin","first_name":"Jin","last_name":"Zhang"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Tiger S","first_name":"Tiger S","last_name":"Zhang"},{"first_name":"Huimin","full_name":"Zhao, Huimin","last_name":"Zhao"},{"first_name":"Fang","full_name":"Zheng, Fang","last_name":"Zheng"},{"full_name":"Zhu, Jingyi","first_name":"Jingyi","last_name":"Zhu"},{"first_name":"Sacha","full_name":"Zinn, Sacha","last_name":"Zinn"}],"scopus_import":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1741-0134"],"issn":["1741-0126"]},"day":"17","article_processing_charge":"No","type":"journal_article","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzag020","ddc":["570"],"has_accepted_license":"1","pmid":1,"date_published":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"pmid":["42466865"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2026","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"researchdata_availability":"no","volume":39,"publication_status":"published","citation":{"ieee":"H. Ai <i>et al.</i>, “Protein engineering: Status report,” <i>Protein Engineering, Design and Selection</i>, vol. 39. Oxford University Press, 2026.","short":"H. Ai, F.H. Arnold, D. Barrick, H. Bayley, A.-L.R. Brownless, R.E. Campbell, R. Castells-Graells, P. Chaiyen, R.A. Chica, L.O. Chisholm, D. Christ, G.-C. Chu, M. Chungyoun, V.G.H. Eijsink, M.B. Elowitz, D.J. Fansher, R. Fasan, G. Foley, M.S. Frei, A. Gagsteiger, R. Gao, E.M.J. Gillam, J.J. Gray, L.F. Guerra, B. Höcker, Z. Jin, S.C.L. Kamerlin, N. Koga, R.E. Kontermann, B. Kuhlman, O.A. Langlois, D. Li, R.D. Lins, C.C. Liu, L. Liu, D. López Barreiro, P. Lu, S. Mehta, I. Miyazaki, M.M. Müller, S. Muyldermans, N. Nemoto, J. Nivala, J.K. Nuñez, I.J. Ornelas, J.N. Pelletier, A. Plückthun, O.T. Porth, K. Prakinee, Y. Qing, J. Reisenbauer, S. Schmidt, O. Seifert, M.G. Shapiro, R. Sharma, N. Singh, B.J. Smith, J.B. Spangler, R. Tatsumi-Koga, T. Terai, H. Terholsen, M. Tolhurst, K.W. Tripp, V.T. Trossmann, C.L. Tucker, O. Turak, J.A. Van Deventer, A. Várnai, I.F.T. Viana, A.M. Weeks, K.D. Wittrup, K.L.-J. Wong, C. Xi, T.O. Yeates, A.H.-W. Yeh, J. Zhang, T.S. Zhang, H. Zhao, F. Zheng, J. Zhu, S. Zinn, Protein Engineering, Design and Selection 39 (2026).","apa":"Ai, H., Arnold, F. H., Barrick, D., Bayley, H., Brownless, A.-L. R., Campbell, R. E., … Zinn, S. (2026). Protein engineering: Status report. <i>Protein Engineering, Design and Selection</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzag020\">https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzag020</a>","chicago":"Ai, Hui-wang, Frances H Arnold, Doug Barrick, Hagan Bayley, Alfie-Louise R Brownless, Robert E Campbell, Roger Castells-Graells, et al. “Protein Engineering: Status Report.” <i>Protein Engineering, Design and Selection</i>. Oxford University Press, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzag020\">https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzag020</a>.","mla":"Ai, Hui-wang, et al. “Protein Engineering: Status Report.” <i>Protein Engineering, Design and Selection</i>, vol. 39, gzag020, Oxford University Press, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzag020\">10.1093/protein/gzag020</a>.","ama":"Ai H, Arnold FH, Barrick D, et al. Protein engineering: Status report. <i>Protein Engineering, Design and Selection</i>. 2026;39. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzag020\">10.1093/protein/gzag020</a>","ista":"Ai H, Arnold FH, Barrick D, Bayley H, Brownless A-LR, Campbell RE, Castells-Graells R, Chaiyen P, Chica RA, Chisholm LO, Christ D, Chu G-C, Chungyoun M, Eijsink VGH, Elowitz MB, Fansher DJ, Fasan R, Foley G, Frei MS, Gagsteiger A, Gao R, Gillam EMJ, Gray JJ, Guerra LF, Höcker B, Jin Z, Kamerlin SCL, Koga N, Kontermann RE, Kuhlman B, Langlois OA, Li D, Lins RD, Liu CC, Liu L, López Barreiro D, Lu P, Mehta S, Miyazaki I, Müller MM, Muyldermans S, Nemoto N, Nivala J, Nuñez JK, Ornelas IJ, Pelletier JN, Plückthun A, Porth OT, Prakinee K, Qing Y, Reisenbauer J, Schmidt S, Seifert O, Shapiro MG, Sharma R, Singh N, Smith BJ, Spangler JB, Tatsumi-Koga R, Terai T, Terholsen H, Tolhurst M, Tripp KW, Trossmann VT, Tucker CL, Turak O, Van Deventer JA, Várnai A, Viana IFT, Weeks AM, Wittrup KD, Wong KL-J, Xi C, Yeates TO, Yeh AH-W, Zhang J, Zhang TS, Zhao H, Zheng F, Zhu J, Zinn S. 2026. Protein engineering: Status report. Protein Engineering, Design and Selection. 39, gzag020."},"OA_place":"publisher","OA_type":"hybrid","doi":"10.1093/protein/gzag020","publisher":"Oxford University Press","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"With this status report, we aim to provide a timely snapshot of the protein engineering field as a broad and rapidly advancing discipline that integrates computational, molecular biology, structure-guided, evolutionary, and synthetic approaches to create new and improved proteins with tailored structures and useful functions. The report is organized into eight thematic areas spanning core methodologies and major application domains, including enzymes, therapeutics, detection, synthetic biology, and materials. Contributions from experts across these areas highlight both the historical foundations and recent advances in their respective fields, with particular emphasis on the growing influence of machine learning and artificial intelligence-based methods. Emerging from this broad overview is a central message: protein engineering appears to be entering a golden age, defined by a rapidly accelerating pace of progress, even as significant challenges in design, screening, and real-world application remain. Looking ahead, the continued integration of computational and experimental strategies is poised to further accelerate the impact of protein engineering across an expanding range of economically and societally important sectors, from therapeutics and molecular imaging to diagnostics, plastic recycling, and industrial chemistry."}],"title":"Protein engineering: Status report","acknowledgement":"Research in the lab of H.A. is supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01EB033172, R01EB035430, and R01AG077773).\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of F.H.A. is supported by the US Army Research Office cooperative agreement for the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies (W911NF-19-2-0026) and the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0021141). This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the US Government. Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the US Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof.\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of D.B. has been supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R35-GM158123-01 and R01-GM068462).\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of H.B. is supported by grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Oxford Nanopore Technologies.\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of R.E.C. is supported by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (23K26794, 24H00489, and 24H02267), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) (JPMJCR25T3), the Mitsubishi Foundation, and the NIH (U01NS123658).\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of P.C. is supported by grants from the Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development (PMU-B) Research and Innovation grant number B05F640089, and KasikornBank Public Company Limited.\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of R.A.C. is supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2021-03484, RGPAS-2021-00017, and ALLRP-597074-24), the Human Frontier Science Program (RGP0004/2022) and the Canada Foundation for Innovation (26503 and 42695). B.J.S. was supported by an NSERC Canada Graduate Research Scholarship.\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of V.G.H.E. is supported by grants from the European Research Council, ERC (grant number 856446, CUBE), the Novo Nordisk Foundation (Emerging Investigator grant to A.V.; grant number 0061165) and the Research Council of Norway (grant numbers 309558, Centre for Industrial Biotechnology, SFI-IB, and 257622, Bio4Fuels).\r\n\r\nThis project in the lab of R.F. was supported by Robert A. Welch Foundation (AT-0051-20221212), and the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (grant RR230018).\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of M.S.F. is supported by ETH Zurich and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) under grant number CR00I5-235927.\r\n\r\nThis project in the lab of J.J.G is supported by the NIH (R35 GM141881) and a National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship Program to M.C.\r\n\r\nRelated research in the lab of B.H. is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) Project Number 391977956—SFB 1357 Microplastics, subproject C03 and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 951375 (ERC Synergy—ArtMotor).\r\n\r\nRelated work in the lab of S.C.L.K. is supported by the NSF under Grant No. 2414074. S.C.L.K. is the Georgia Research Alliance—Vasser Wooley Chair of Molecular Design at Georgia Tech.\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of N.K. is supported by grants from the JSPS (24H02261).\r\n\r\nThis project in the lab of B.K. was supported by the NIH (R35 GM131923).\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of R.E.K. on bispecific antibodies is supported by a grant from the Baden-Württemberg Stiftung and various industry collaborations. Past research was funded by the Deutsche Krebshilfe, the BMBF, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of R.D.L. (Protein Engineering and Structural Genomics group) is supported by grants from Brazilian National Research Council—CNPq (303833/2022-0, 307370/2025-9), the Oswaldo Cruz Fondation—Fiocruz (VPPIS-004-FIO-22, IAM-005-FIO-22, VPPCB-002-FIO25), and the Brazilian National Supercomputing Center—LNCC.\r\n\r\nChemical protein synthesis research in the lab of L.L. is supported by NSFC (22137005, 22227810, T2488301) and New Cornerstone Science Foundation.\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of M.M.M. is supported by a Wellcome Trust/Royal Society Sir Henry Dale Fellowship (202250/Z/16/Z); the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/W015730/1) and a UKRI Postdoc Guarantee Fellowship (Horizon Europe Guarantee via EPSRC EP/Z000823/1 to L.F.G).\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of F.Z. is partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2025SF-YBXM-421).\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of J.K.N. is supported by the NIH (R35GM155044), Biohub, San Francisco, the Pew Charitable Trusts, The Vallee Foundation, The Shurl and Kay Curci Foundation, the Bakar Fellows Program, and a Sloan Research Fellowship. I.J.O. acknowledges support from a Gilliam Fellowship from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of J.N.P. is supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-N-2018-04686) and the Canada Research Chair in Engineering of Applied Proteins (CRC-2020-00171). D.J.F. is supported by a fellowship from the Fonds de recherche du Québec.\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of A.P. has been supported predominantly by grants from the SNSF, the European Union, the European Research Council, as well as by pre- and postdoctoral fellowships to the co-workers.\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of Y.Q. is supported by a Horizon Europe Guarantee ERC Starting Grant (EP/Z000351/1) and a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Research Grant (BB/W00349X/1).\r\n\r\nJ.C.R. acknowledges partial support from the SNSF Postdoc.Mobility (P500PN_214290). The author thanks Chenghao Liu and Jason Yang for fruitful discussions.\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of S.S. is supported by a NWO-VIDI grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, VI.Vidi.213.025) and the European Research Council, ERC (grant agreement number 101075934, ReCNNSTRCT).\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of J.B.S. is supported by a Helmsley Charitable Trust grant and a Swim Across America grant.\r\n\r\nThis project in the lab of C.L.T. was supported by a grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the NIH (R35GM136367).\r\n\r\nResearch on ncAAs in the lab of J.A.V. is supported by a grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the NIH (R35GM133471) and a grant from the NSF (2339201). The content is solely the responsibility of the author and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or the NSF.\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of A.M.W is supported by an NIH Director’s New Innovator Award (DP2GM149548), a David and Lucille Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering (2021-73007), an Ono Pharma Foundation Breakthrough Science Initiative Award (149802896), and the University of Wisconsin—Madison Department of Biochemistry.\r\n\r\nProjects in the lab of A.H-W.Y. are supported by NIH/NIBIB R00EB031913, UCSC startup/Innovation Catalyst Grant, and Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (2024-337820).\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of J.Zhang is supported by NIH grants R35 CA197622, R01 DK073368, R01 DE030497, R01 HL162302, R01 CA262815, and RF1 MH126707.\r\n\r\nResearch in the lab of H. Z. is supported by the DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program under Award Number DE-SC0018420), National Science Foundation (NSF) (DBI-2400058, OISE-2435374, IIS-2435755, and CHE-2505932), and National Institutes of Health (NIH) (AI144967). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the DOE, NSF or NIH.\r\n\r\nThe authors are grateful to the anonymous peer reviewers and to Anna Devor for inspiration and guidance for preparing this manuscript.","article_type":"review","department":[{"_id":"JuRe"}],"date_created":"2026-09-17T11:06:36Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"07","dataavailabilitystatement":"No new data were generated or analysed in support of this research.","_id":"22959","intvolume":"        39","file_date_updated":"2026-10-01T09:24:22Z","publication":"Protein Engineering, Design and Selection","oa_version":"Published Version","oa":1,"date_updated":"2026-10-01T09:29:15Z","file":[{"creator":"dernst","file_name":"2026_ProteinEngineeringDesignSelection_Ai.pdf","success":1,"file_id":"23019","date_updated":"2026-10-01T09:24:22Z","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2026-10-01T09:24:22Z","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"4015ecfe11b3b0cac757d5bdd10d3c1d","file_size":12603911,"relation":"main_file"}],"das_tickbox":"1"},{"title":"Data heterogeneity and personalization in federated learning","abstract":[{"text":"In recent years there has been a massive increase in the amount of data generated in a\r\ndecentralized manner. Ever more powerful edge devices, such as smartphones, have become\r\nubiquitous in most societies on earth. Through text typed, photos taken and apps used,\r\nthese devices, which we refer to as clients, generate enormous amounts of high quality and\r\ncomplex data. Moreover, the nature of these devices means the data they generate is often\r\nsensitive and privacy concerns prevent it being gathered and stored in a central location. This\r\npresents a challenge to the modern machine learning paradigm that requires central access\r\nto large amounts of data. Federated learning (FL) has emerged as one of the answers to\r\nthis problem. Rather than bringing the data to the model, FL sends the model to the data.\r\nModel training takes place on device, with periodically synchronized updates, allowing data to\r\nremain locally stored. While this approach offers significant privacy advantages it comes with\r\nits own set of unique challenges. These include: data heterogeneity, the notion that different\r\ndevices generate data in distinct ways which can negatively impact training dynamics; systems\r\nheterogeneity, meaning that different devices may have differing hardware specifications; high\r\ncommunication costs, which are induced by the repeated transferring of models over the\r\nnetwork and low device computational power, which limits the use of larger models on device.\r\nIn this thesis we present a range of methods for federated learning. We focus primarily on\r\nthe challenge of data heterogeneity, though the methods presented are designed to be well\r\nadapted to the other challenges of a federated setting, such as the constraints of limited\r\ncompute and communication overhead. We first present a method for explicitly modeling client\r\ndata heterogeneity. The approach formulates clients as samples from a certain probability\r\ndistribution and infers the parameters of this distribution from the available training clients.\r\nThis learned distribution then represents the heterogeneity present among the clients and can\r\nbe sampled from in order to create new simulated clients that are similar to the real clients we\r\nhave observed so far. Following this we present two methods for directly dealing with data\r\nheterogeneity through personalization. Highly heterogeneous client data distributions can mean\r\nthat learning a single global model becomes suboptimal, and some form of personalization of\r\nmodels to each individual client is required. Our approaches are based around hypernetworks,\r\nwhich we use to generate personalized model parameters without the need for additional\r\ntraining or finetuning. In the first approach we focus on generating full parameterizations of\r\nclient models using learned embeddings of client data and labels, with a hypernetwork located\r\non the central server. In the second approach we address the more challenging scenario where\r\nwe want to generate a personalized model for a client without any label information. The\r\nhypernetwork is trained to generate a low dimensional representation of a client’s personalized\r\nmodel parameters, allowing it to be transferred to and run on the client devices. In our final\r\npresented method, we change our focus and rather than aim to directly address the challenge\r\nof data heterogeneity, we instead ensure we are unaffected by it. This is done in the context\r\nof k-means clustering and we present a method for federated clustering with a focus on added\r\nprivacy guarantees.","lang":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"This research was funded in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)\r\n[10.55776/COE12]. Furthermore, the candidate acknowledges the support from the Scientific\r\nService Units (SSU) of ISTA through resources provided by Scientific Computing (SciComp).","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","project":[{"grant_number":"COE12","_id":"d8f03aaa-b035-11f1-8588-d5147fa879e0","name":"Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Lampert)"}],"status":"public","supervisor":[{"full_name":"Lampert, Christoph","id":"40C20FD2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Christoph","last_name":"Lampert","orcid":"0000-0001-8622-7887"}],"doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-21198","year":"2026","OA_place":"publisher","publication_status":"published","citation":{"mla":"Scott, Jonathan A. <i>Data Heterogeneity and Personalization in Federated Learning</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21198\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21198</a>.","ama":"Scott JA. Data heterogeneity and personalization in federated learning. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21198\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21198</a>","ista":"Scott JA. 2026. Data heterogeneity and personalization in federated learning. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ieee":"J. A. Scott, “Data heterogeneity and personalization in federated learning,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","short":"J.A. Scott, Data Heterogeneity and Personalization in Federated Learning, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","apa":"Scott, J. A. (2026). <i>Data heterogeneity and personalization in federated learning</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21198\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21198</a>","chicago":"Scott, Jonathan A. “Data Heterogeneity and Personalization in Federated Learning.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21198\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21198</a>."},"oa":1,"file":[{"file_size":272379252,"checksum":"121c1d968bd86f3630aa7e81d5bbbcb0","relation":"source_file","access_level":"closed","date_created":"2026-02-17T11:46:22Z","content_type":"application/zip","date_updated":"2026-02-17T11:46:22Z","file_id":"21298","creator":"jscott","file_name":"2026_Scott_Jonathan_Thesis_Source.zip"},{"date_updated":"2026-02-27T10:25:41Z","file_id":"21366","success":1,"file_name":"2026_Jonathan_Scott_Thesis.pdf","creator":"jscott","file_size":15220298,"checksum":"6e3e08ba474bbee8511cc8a839ab2077","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-02-27T10:25:41Z"}],"date_updated":"2026-10-01T09:29:03Z","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"21207","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"id":"20819","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"id":"17411","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"id":"18120","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"}]},"file_date_updated":"2026-02-27T10:25:41Z","oa_version":"Published Version","month":"02","_id":"21198","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"ChLa"}],"date_created":"2026-02-09T14:59:53Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_processing_charge":"No","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"type":"dissertation","day":"09","doi_confirm":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Jonathan A","id":"e499926b-f6e0-11ea-865d-9c63db0031e8","full_name":"Scott, Jonathan A","last_name":"Scott"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"page":"158","corr_author":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21198","ddc":["005"],"degree_awarded":"PhD","has_accepted_license":"1"},{"oa_version":"Published Version","file_date_updated":"2026-05-13T13:10:48Z","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"14771","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"21858","status":"public"},{"id":"21859","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"id":"21857","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"18121"}]},"das_tickbox":"1","oa":1,"date_updated":"2026-10-01T09:32:47Z","file":[{"access_level":"closed","date_created":"2026-05-11T08:36:01Z","content_type":"application/zip","checksum":"2e148dad920e3f9b7c32796e0ba2e5f7","file_size":28479571,"relation":"source_file","creator":"eiofinov","file_name":"EIofinova_thesis_FinalVersion.zip","date_updated":"2026-05-11T08:36:01Z","file_id":"21856"},{"relation":"main_file","file_size":18137757,"checksum":"b10c2933f386f532b2dbf28b19c5525c","date_created":"2026-05-13T13:10:48Z","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"date_updated":"2026-05-13T13:10:48Z","file_id":"21877","creator":"eiofinov","file_name":"2026_Iofinova_Eugenia_Thesis.pdf"}],"date_created":"2026-05-11T08:43:22Z","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"DaAl"}],"publisher_comment":"In reference to IEEE copyrighted material which is used with permission in this thesis, the IEEE does not endorse any of ISTA's products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. If interested in reprinting/republishing IEEE copyrighted material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution, please go to http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/rights_link.html to learn how to obtain a License from RightsLink. If applicable, University Microfilms and/or ProQuest Library, or the Archives of Canada may supply single copies of the dissertation.","_id":"21854","month":"05","supervisor":[{"last_name":"Alistarh","orcid":"0000-0003-3650-940X","id":"4A899BFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Dan-Adrian","full_name":"Alistarh, Dan-Adrian"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","project":[{"grant_number":"W1260-N35","_id":"9B9290DE-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","name":"Vienna Graduate School on Computational Optimization"}],"status":"public","acknowledgement":"The research in this Ph.D. was funded in whole\r\nor in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) W1260-N35 (Vienna Graduate School for\r\nComputational Optimization). For open access purposes the author has applied a CC BY\r\npublic copyright license to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission\r\nwherever possible. Additionally, I am grateful to Alois Schlögl, Waleed Khalid, and the rest of\r\nthe ISTA Scientific Computing team for building and maintaining the infrastructure I used\r\nto run experiments. I’m also deeply grateful to the Alistarh group’s administrative assistant,\r\nChristine Francois, who always deals with our nonsense with common sense and a smile.\r\n","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"As neural-network-based models grow both in size and popularity, interest has grown in making the models smaller and more efficient to train. To that end, many methods have been proposed to prune models by reducing their number of nonzero parameters. Additionally, parameter-efficient fine-tuning, in which a much smaller number of parameters than the total contained in the model is updated during training, has become very popular, especially in the space of Large Language Models. At the same time, the increasingly routine deployment of machine learning in real-world applications has spurred a drive to make them more trustworthy - in the sense of, among other things, being unbiased, interpretable, and editable. In this thesis, we examine the interplay between efficiency and trustworthiness.\r\n\r\nFirst, we analyze the effects of model pruning on bias in computer vision models, demonstrating that increased sparsity leads to greater bias, largely as a function of increased model uncertainty in marginal cases. Based on this observation, we propose several bias mitigation techniques. Then, we demonstrate that example-specific model pruning can improve model interpretation methods while improving pruning efficiency to make example-specific model pruning feasible in real time. Then, we investigate the effectiveness of parameter-efficient and data-efficient model personalization via fine-tuning, demonstrating that it is highly feasible with very small computational and data resources. Finally, we consider efficiency in editing model knowledge using a custom synthetic data framework, demonstrating that parameter-efficient, low-rank fine-tuning frequently outperforms full-rank fine-tuning, and, additionally, that restricting which model blocks are fine-tuned frequently improves results. Together, the results in this thesis provide new insights and techniques for combining trustworthiness and efficiency during neural network inference and training.\r\n\r\n"}],"title":"On the utility and effects of efficiency in artificial neural networks","OA_place":"publisher","publication_status":"published","citation":{"ista":"Iofinova EB. 2026. On the utility and effects of efficiency in artificial neural networks. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ama":"Iofinova EB. On the utility and effects of efficiency in artificial neural networks. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854</a>","mla":"Iofinova, Eugenia B. <i>On the Utility and Effects of Efficiency in Artificial Neural Networks</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854</a>.","chicago":"Iofinova, Eugenia B. “On the Utility and Effects of Efficiency in Artificial Neural Networks.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854</a>.","apa":"Iofinova, E. B. (2026). <i>On the utility and effects of efficiency in artificial neural networks</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854</a>","short":"E.B. Iofinova, On the Utility and Effects of Efficiency in Artificial Neural Networks, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","ieee":"E. B. Iofinova, “On the utility and effects of efficiency in artificial neural networks,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026."},"year":"2026","doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"date_published":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854","ddc":["000"],"degree_awarded":"PhD","day":"11","type":"dissertation","article_processing_charge":"No","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"corr_author":"1","page":"237","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"doi_confirm":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Iofinova","orcid":"0000-0002-7778-3221","first_name":"Eugenia B","id":"f9a17499-f6e0-11ea-865d-fdf9a3f77117","full_name":"Iofinova, Eugenia B"}]},{"day":"01","article_processing_charge":"Yes","PlanS_conform":"1","type":"journal_article","supplementarymaterial":"yes","article_number":"stag1567","author":[{"full_name":"de Graaff, Anna","first_name":"Anna","last_name":"de Graaff"},{"last_name":"Hviding","full_name":"Hviding, Raphael E","first_name":"Raphael E"},{"full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P","first_name":"Rohan P","last_name":"Naidu"},{"first_name":"Jenny E","full_name":"Greene, Jenny E","last_name":"Greene"},{"full_name":"Miller, Tim B","first_name":"Tim B","last_name":"Miller"},{"last_name":"Leja","full_name":"Leja, Joel","first_name":"Joel"},{"last_name":"Matthee","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","first_name":"Jorryt J"},{"full_name":"Brammer, Gabriel","first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"Brammer"},{"full_name":"Katz, Harley","first_name":"Harley","last_name":"Katz"},{"first_name":"Rachel","full_name":"Bezanson, Rachel","last_name":"Bezanson"},{"last_name":"Boogaard","first_name":"Leindert A","full_name":"Boogaard, Leindert A"},{"full_name":"Bose, Sownak","first_name":"Sownak","last_name":"Bose"},{"last_name":"Chisholm","full_name":"Chisholm, John","first_name":"John"},{"full_name":"Cleri, Nikko J","first_name":"Nikko J","last_name":"Cleri"},{"last_name":"Dayal","full_name":"Dayal, Pratika","first_name":"Pratika"},{"last_name":"Feldmann","full_name":"Feldmann, Robert","first_name":"Robert"},{"last_name":"Fudamoto","first_name":"Yoshinobu","full_name":"Fudamoto, Yoshinobu"},{"first_name":"Seiji","full_name":"Fujimoto, Seiji","last_name":"Fujimoto"},{"first_name":"Lukas J","full_name":"Furtak, Lukas J","last_name":"Furtak"},{"first_name":"Karl","full_name":"Glazebrook, Karl","last_name":"Glazebrook"},{"full_name":"Gottumukkala, Rashmi","first_name":"Rashmi","last_name":"Gottumukkala"},{"last_name":"Heintz","first_name":"Kasper E","full_name":"Heintz, Kasper E"},{"last_name":"Kokorev","first_name":"Vasily","full_name":"Kokorev, Vasily"},{"last_name":"Labbe","full_name":"Labbe, Ivo","first_name":"Ivo"},{"full_name":"Maseda, Michael V","first_name":"Michael V","last_name":"Maseda"},{"full_name":"McConachie, Ian","first_name":"Ian","last_name":"McConachie"},{"first_name":"Themiya","full_name":"Nanayakkara, Themiya","last_name":"Nanayakkara"},{"first_name":"Erica","full_name":"Nelson, Erica","last_name":"Nelson"},{"first_name":"Przemysław","full_name":"Nowaczyk, Przemysław","last_name":"Nowaczyk"},{"last_name":"Oesch","first_name":"Pascal A","full_name":"Oesch, Pascal A"},{"full_name":"Rix, Hans-Walter","first_name":"Hans-Walter","last_name":"Rix"},{"first_name":"David J","full_name":"Setton, David J","last_name":"Setton"},{"last_name":"Torralba Torregrosa","orcid":"0000-0001-5586-6950","first_name":"Alberto","id":"018f0249-0e87-11f0-b167-cbce08fbd541","full_name":"Torralba Torregrosa, Alberto"},{"first_name":"Fabian","full_name":"Walter, Fabian","last_name":"Walter"},{"full_name":"Wang, Bingjie","first_name":"Bingjie","last_name":"Wang"},{"first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Weibel, Andrea","last_name":"Weibel"},{"last_name":"van der Wel","full_name":"van der Wel, Arjen","first_name":"Arjen"}],"scopus_import":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"arxiv":1,"date_published":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2511.21820"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1567","ddc":["520"],"has_accepted_license":"1","publisher":"Oxford University Press","issue":"3","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Little red dots host black hole stars: A unified family of gas-reddened AGN revealed by JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We construct and characterize a sample of 146 little red dots (LRDs) across 2.0<z<9.3, selecting all sources with v-shaped\r\nultraviolet (UV)–optical continua from James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRSpec/PRISM spectra and compact morphologies in NIRCam/F444W imaging. We show that LRD continuum spectra are well described by modified blackbodies\r\nacross ∼ 0.4 − 1.0 µm, with typical T ∼ 5000 K (λpeak ∼ 0.65 µm) across 2 dex in luminosity, and a tail toward T ∼ 2000 K.\r\nLRDs therefore trace a locus in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram that is analogous to stars on the Hayashi track, strongly\r\nsupporting the picture that LRDs are active galactic nucleus (AGN) embedded in optically thick dense gas envelopes.\r\nHotter LRDs with λpeak < 0.65 µm typically have strong Balmer breaks, redder UV slopes, and high optical luminosities;\r\nother LRDs show weak or no Balmer breaks, and wide variety in βUV and L5100. Crucially, we demonstrate that the UV–\r\noptical continua are strongly linked to the Hα, Hβ, [O iii], and O i line properties. There is a tight linear relation between\r\nthe Hα and optical continuum luminosities, as well as Hα and O i λ8446, indicating that Balmer, O i, and optical emission\r\nmust primarily be powered by the same source. The Balmer decrement increases strongly toward higher LHα, L5100, and\r\nBalmer break strength, providing key evidence for luminosity-dependent effects of collisional (de-)excitation and resonant\r\nscattering in the gaseous envelopes. In contrast, we show that [O iii] emission likely originates from star-forming host\r\ngalaxies, with strong variation in the AGN-to-host ratio among the LRD population. Our work presents an empirical\r\ndescription of the nature and structure of LRDs, defining a new benchmark for ongoing LRD model developments."}],"acknowledgement":"AdG thanks Devesh Nandal for discussions on the properties\r\nof convective envelopes and Hayashi limit, and the students of\r\nthe I-HOW JWST Workshop (Barbora Adamcova, Biswaraj Palit,\r\nOlena Pastoven, and Weronika Puchalska) for their help in producing an early version of Figs 8 and 10. This work is based on\r\nobservations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space\r\nTelescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for\r\nSpace Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which\r\nis operated by the Association of Universities for Research in\r\nAstronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST.\r\nThese observations are associated with programs 1180, 1181,\r\n1208, 1212, 1213, 1215, 1286, 1345, 1433, 2198, 2561, 2750, 2767,\r\n4106, 4233, 5105, 5224, 6368, and 6585. Support for program no.\r\n4233 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space\r\nTelescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association\r\nof Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA\r\ncontract NAS 5-03127.\r\nAdG acknowledges support from a Clay Fellowship awarded by\r\nthe Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. REH acknowledges\r\nsupport by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Federal\r\nMinistry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) through program 50OR2403 ‘RUBIES’. The Cosmic Dawn Centerisfunded by\r\nthe Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) under grant\r\nno. 140. This work has received funding from the Swiss State\r\nSecretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under\r\ncontract no. MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349.\r\nTBM was supported by a CIERA fellowship. PD warmly acknowledges support from an NSERC discovery grant (RGPIN-2025-\r\n06182). KG acknowledges support from Australian Research\r\nCouncil Laureate Fellowship FL180100060. LAB acknowledges\r\nsupport from the Dutch Research Council (NWO) under grant\r\nVI.Veni.242.055 (https://doi.org/10.61686/LAJVP77714) and the\r\nERC Consolidator grant 101088676 (‘VOYAJ’). YF is supported by\r\nJSPS KAKENHI grant nos JP22K21349 and JP23K13149.","researchdata_availability":"yes","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"volume":551,"year":"2026","citation":{"ieee":"A. de Graaff <i>et al.</i>, “Little red dots host black hole stars: A unified family of gas-reddened AGN revealed by JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 551, no. 3. Oxford University Press, 2026.","short":"A. de Graaff, R.E. Hviding, R.P. Naidu, J.E. Greene, T.B. Miller, J. Leja, J.J. Matthee, G. Brammer, H. Katz, R. Bezanson, L.A. Boogaard, S. Bose, J. Chisholm, N.J. Cleri, P. Dayal, R. Feldmann, Y. Fudamoto, S. Fujimoto, L.J. Furtak, K. Glazebrook, R. Gottumukkala, K.E. Heintz, V. Kokorev, I. Labbe, M.V. Maseda, I. McConachie, T. Nanayakkara, E. Nelson, P. Nowaczyk, P.A. Oesch, H.-W. Rix, D.J. Setton, A. Torralba Torregrosa, F. Walter, B. Wang, A. Weibel, A. van der Wel, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 551 (2026).","apa":"de Graaff, A., Hviding, R. E., Naidu, R. P., Greene, J. E., Miller, T. B., Leja, J., … van der Wel, A. (2026). Little red dots host black hole stars: A unified family of gas-reddened AGN revealed by JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1567\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1567</a>","chicago":"de Graaff, Anna, Raphael E Hviding, Rohan P Naidu, Jenny E Greene, Tim B Miller, Joel Leja, Jorryt J Matthee, et al. “Little Red Dots Host Black Hole Stars: A Unified Family of Gas-Reddened AGN Revealed by JWST/NIRSpec Spectroscopy.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1567\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1567</a>.","mla":"de Graaff, Anna, et al. “Little Red Dots Host Black Hole Stars: A Unified Family of Gas-Reddened AGN Revealed by JWST/NIRSpec Spectroscopy.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 551, no. 3, stag1567, Oxford University Press, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1567\">10.1093/mnras/stag1567</a>.","ama":"de Graaff A, Hviding RE, Naidu RP, et al. Little red dots host black hole stars: A unified family of gas-reddened AGN revealed by JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2026;551(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1567\">10.1093/mnras/stag1567</a>","ista":"de Graaff A, Hviding RE, Naidu RP, Greene JE, Miller TB, Leja J, Matthee JJ, Brammer G, Katz H, Bezanson R, Boogaard LA, Bose S, Chisholm J, Cleri NJ, Dayal P, Feldmann R, Fudamoto Y, Fujimoto S, Furtak LJ, Glazebrook K, Gottumukkala R, Heintz KE, Kokorev V, Labbe I, Maseda MV, McConachie I, Nanayakkara T, Nelson E, Nowaczyk P, Oesch PA, Rix H-W, Setton DJ, Torralba Torregrosa A, Walter F, Wang B, Weibel A, van der Wel A. 2026. Little red dots host black hole stars: A unified family of gas-reddened AGN revealed by JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 551(3), stag1567."},"OA_place":"publisher","publication_status":"published","OA_type":"gold","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stag1567","intvolume":"       551","file_date_updated":"2026-10-01T11:25:20Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","oa_version":"Published Version","oa":1,"date_updated":"2026-10-01T11:31:16Z","file":[{"file_size":14983705,"checksum":"a82b93954671a12bb60d8d7a4a4d526b","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-10-01T11:25:20Z","date_updated":"2026-10-01T11:25:20Z","file_id":"23026","success":1,"creator":"dernst","file_name":"2026_MonthNoticesRAS_deGraaff.pdf"}],"das_tickbox":"1","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"date_created":"2026-09-17T11:06:40Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"09","dataavailabilitystatement":"All data used in this work are publicly available through the\r\nDAWN JWST Archive (https://dawn-cph.github.io/dja/index.h\r\ntml). The spectra used in this work are part of version 4.5 of the\r\nDJA (G. Brammer & F. Valentino 2025). We also release our complete LRD catalogue, together with all key measurements made All data used in this work are publicly available through the\r\nDAWN JWST Archive (https://dawn-cph.github.io/dja/index.h\r\ntml). The spectra used in this work are part of version 4.5 of the\r\nDJA (G. Brammer & F. Valentino 2025). We also release our complete LRD catalogue, together with all key measurements made in the modified blackbody fitting and emission-line fitting. The\r\ntable can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21977747,\r\nand its contents are described in Appendix B.\r\n\r\n","DOAJ_listed":"1","_id":"22960"},{"has_accepted_license":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/m7gr-2t6j","ddc":["530"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2507.04982"]},"arxiv":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2470-0053"],"issn":["2470-0045"]},"scopus_import":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Diaz Melian","full_name":"Diaz Melian, Vicente L","first_name":"Vicente L","id":"b6798902-eea0-11ea-9cbc-a8e14286c631"},{"full_name":"Lenton, Isaac C","first_name":"Isaac C","id":"a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb","last_name":"Lenton","orcid":"0000-0002-5010-6984"},{"last_name":"Binysh","full_name":"Binysh, Jack","first_name":"Jack"},{"last_name":"Souslov","first_name":"Anton","full_name":"Souslov, Anton"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","last_name":"Waitukaitis","first_name":"Scott R","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R"}],"article_number":"L053502","corr_author":"1","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"PlanS_conform":"1","day":"14","_id":"21982","month":"05","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2026-06-10T07:36:41Z","article_type":"letter_note","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"23005","status":"public"}]},"oa":1,"file":[{"creator":"dernst","file_name":"2026_PhysicalReviewE_DiazMelian.pdf","file_id":"22014","date_updated":"2026-06-16T11:21:53Z","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-06-16T11:21:53Z","checksum":"902cc8d177c8d3ae9cfe07c30375c9a9","file_size":3173197,"relation":"main_file"}],"date_updated":"2026-10-02T08:44:47Z","oa_version":"Published Version","publication":"Physical Review E","intvolume":"       113","file_date_updated":"2026-06-16T11:21:53Z","doi":"10.1103/m7gr-2t6j","OA_type":"hybrid","citation":{"ieee":"V. L. Diaz Melian, I. C. Lenton, J. Binysh, A. Souslov, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere,” <i>Physical Review E</i>, vol. 113, no. 5. American Physical Society, 2026.","short":"V.L. Diaz Melian, I.C. Lenton, J. Binysh, A. Souslov, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review E 113 (2026).","apa":"Diaz Melian, V. L., Lenton, I. C., Binysh, J., Souslov, A., &#38; Waitukaitis, S. R. (2026). Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere. <i>Physical Review E</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/m7gr-2t6j\">https://doi.org/10.1103/m7gr-2t6j</a>","chicago":"Diaz Melian, Vicente L, Isaac C Lenton, Jack Binysh, Anton Souslov, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Geometry of the Vapor Layer under a Leidenfrost Hydrogel Sphere.” <i>Physical Review E</i>. American Physical Society, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/m7gr-2t6j\">https://doi.org/10.1103/m7gr-2t6j</a>.","mla":"Diaz Melian, Vicente L., et al. “Geometry of the Vapor Layer under a Leidenfrost Hydrogel Sphere.” <i>Physical Review E</i>, vol. 113, no. 5, L053502, American Physical Society, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/m7gr-2t6j\">10.1103/m7gr-2t6j</a>.","ama":"Diaz Melian VL, Lenton IC, Binysh J, Souslov A, Waitukaitis SR. Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere. <i>Physical Review E</i>. 2026;113(5). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/m7gr-2t6j\">10.1103/m7gr-2t6j</a>","ista":"Diaz Melian VL, Lenton IC, Binysh J, Souslov A, Waitukaitis SR. 2026. Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere. Physical Review E. 113(5), L053502."},"publication_status":"published","OA_place":"publisher","volume":113,"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"year":"2026","acknowledgement":"This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop and the Scientific Computing Facility. J.B. acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101106500.","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"A floating Leidenfrost droplet exhibits curvature inversion of its underside, due to the balance of vapor pressure and surface tension. Using interferometric imaging, we find different behavior for a levitated hydrogel sphere. Curvature inversion is observed briefly just after deposition, but quickly gives way to a steady state with no inversion. We show the essential role of vaporization in shaping the underbelly of the hydrogel, where changes due to direct mass loss are more significant than the balance of vapor pressure and elastic forces."}],"title":"Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"American Physical Society","status":"public","issue":"5"},{"oa_version":"Published Version","file_date_updated":"2026-09-29T09:56:46Z","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"14514"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"21982"}]},"file":[{"relation":"main_file","checksum":"f339bdee0a6925573687de928ca525dc","file_size":8463804,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-09-29T09:22:27Z","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"23007","date_updated":"2026-09-29T09:56:46Z","file_name":"2026_diaz-melian_vicente_Thesis.pdf","creator":"vdiazmel"},{"date_updated":"2026-09-29T09:56:46Z","file_id":"23008","creator":"vdiazmel","file_name":"2026_diaz-melian_vicente_Thesis.zip","relation":"source_file","file_size":4028974886,"checksum":"5b17122895fc419bfb620e23bfe7780a","date_created":"2026-09-29T09:49:32Z","content_type":"application/zip","access_level":"closed"}],"date_updated":"2026-10-02T08:44:47Z","oa":1,"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","date_created":"2026-09-28T17:40:23Z","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"ScWa"}],"_id":"23005","month":"09","supervisor":[{"full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","first_name":"Scott R","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Waitukaitis","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176"}],"status":"public","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"When a Leidenfrost droplet floats on its own vapor layer, the interplay between vapor pressure, surface tension, and gravity determines its shape, and in the stable regime the underside of the droplet exhibits curvature inversion. Using interferometric imaging, we observe a different behavior for a levitated hydrogel sphere. Curvature inversion appears briefly after deposition, but the continuous vaporization process removes this feature, leading first to an oscillatory regime and eventually to a steady state without curvature inversion. We demonstrate the essential role of vaporization in shaping the hydrogel underbelly, where direct mass loss has a stronger influence than the balance between vapor pressure and elastic forces."}],"title":"The morphology underneath a levitated hydrogel sphere","publication_status":"published","OA_place":"publisher","citation":{"ieee":"V. L. Diaz Melian, “The morphology underneath a levitated hydrogel sphere,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","short":"V.L. Diaz Melian, The Morphology underneath a Levitated Hydrogel Sphere, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","apa":"Diaz Melian, V. L. (2026). <i>The morphology underneath a levitated hydrogel sphere</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-23005\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-23005</a>","chicago":"Diaz Melian, Vicente L. “The Morphology underneath a Levitated Hydrogel Sphere.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-23005\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-23005</a>.","mla":"Diaz Melian, Vicente L. <i>The Morphology underneath a Levitated Hydrogel Sphere</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-23005\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-23005</a>.","ama":"Diaz Melian VL. The morphology underneath a levitated hydrogel sphere. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-23005\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-23005</a>","ista":"Diaz Melian VL. 2026. The morphology underneath a levitated hydrogel sphere. Institute of Science and Technology Austria."},"researchdata_availability":"yes","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"year":"2026","doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-23005","date_published":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","degree_awarded":"PhD","ddc":["530","530","530"],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-23005","day":"29","type":"dissertation","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","corr_author":"1","page":"114","supplementarymaterial":"yes","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Diaz Melian","full_name":"Diaz Melian, Vicente L","id":"b6798902-eea0-11ea-9cbc-a8e14286c631","first_name":"Vicente L"}],"doi_confirm":"1"},{"page":"102","corr_author":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"author":[{"id":"2C9C8316-AA17-11E9-B5C2-8BC2E5697425","first_name":"Nathalie","full_name":"Gruber, Nathalie","last_name":"Gruber"}],"doi_confirm":"1","day":"24","type":"dissertation","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","ddc":["570","576","579"],"degree_awarded":"PhD","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22981","date_published":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"OA_place":"publisher","publication_status":"published","citation":{"apa":"Gruber, N. (2026). <i>Genetic strategies enabling bacterial adaptation to selective pressures</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22981\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22981</a>","chicago":"Gruber, Nathalie. “Genetic Strategies Enabling Bacterial Adaptation to Selective Pressures.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22981\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22981</a>.","ieee":"N. Gruber, “Genetic strategies enabling bacterial adaptation to selective pressures,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","short":"N. Gruber, Genetic Strategies Enabling Bacterial Adaptation to Selective Pressures, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","ista":"Gruber N. 2026. Genetic strategies enabling bacterial adaptation to selective pressures. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","mla":"Gruber, Nathalie. <i>Genetic Strategies Enabling Bacterial Adaptation to Selective Pressures</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22981\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-22981</a>.","ama":"Gruber N. Genetic strategies enabling bacterial adaptation to selective pressures. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22981\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-22981</a>"},"year":"2026","doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-22981","supervisor":[{"full_name":"Guet, Calin C","id":"47F8433E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Calin C","orcid":"0000-0001-6220-2052","last_name":"Guet"}],"status":"public","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","project":[{"grant_number":"26422","_id":"34cb8730-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8b3b3752a6f6","name":"Uncovering the organisational principle of bacterial genomic islands in Anti-phage defense"}],"acknowledgement":"I want to acknowledge the Austrian Academy of Sciences for funding through the DOC \r\nFellowship program (fellowship number 26422) and for the honest and inspirational talk by \r\nAnton Zeilinger at the award ceremony about the PhD journey. ","title":"Genetic strategies enabling bacterial adaptation to selective pressures","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","date_created":"2026-09-23T12:25:43Z","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"CaGu"}],"_id":"22981","month":"09","oa_version":"Published Version","file_date_updated":"2026-10-01T12:34:18Z","date_updated":"2026-10-02T10:52:13Z","file":[{"access_level":"closed","date_created":"2026-10-01T09:00:53Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":48619027,"checksum":"64a61a8812cefaaeffc247a409d46a23","embargo_to":"open_access","relation":"main_file","creator":"ngruber","embargo":"2027-10-01","file_name":"2026_Gruber_Nathalie_Thesis.pdf","file_id":"23020","date_updated":"2026-10-01T12:34:18Z"},{"checksum":"942f6291750664d6d1adfb4f8b5a1735","file_size":55175414,"relation":"source_file","access_level":"closed","date_created":"2026-10-01T09:31:20Z","content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","date_updated":"2026-10-01T11:49:41Z","file_id":"23021","file_name":"2026_Gruber_Nathalie_Thesis.docx","creator":"ngruber"}]},{"year":"2026","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"volume":36,"publication_status":"published","OA_place":"publisher","citation":{"short":"M. Bauer, S. Ishida, P.W. Michor, Journal of Nonlinear Science 36 (2026).","ieee":"M. Bauer, S. Ishida, and P. W. Michor, “Symplectic structures on the space of space curves,” <i>Journal of Nonlinear Science</i>, vol. 36, no. 2. Springer Nature, 2026.","chicago":"Bauer, Martin, Sadashige Ishida, and Peter W. Michor. “Symplectic Structures on the Space of Space Curves.” <i>Journal of Nonlinear Science</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-026-10266-8\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-026-10266-8</a>.","apa":"Bauer, M., Ishida, S., &#38; Michor, P. W. (2026). Symplectic structures on the space of space curves. <i>Journal of Nonlinear Science</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-026-10266-8\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-026-10266-8</a>","ama":"Bauer M, Ishida S, Michor PW. Symplectic structures on the space of space curves. <i>Journal of Nonlinear Science</i>. 2026;36(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-026-10266-8\">10.1007/s00332-026-10266-8</a>","mla":"Bauer, Martin, et al. “Symplectic Structures on the Space of Space Curves.” <i>Journal of Nonlinear Science</i>, vol. 36, no. 2, 45, Springer Nature, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-026-10266-8\">10.1007/s00332-026-10266-8</a>.","ista":"Bauer M, Ishida S, Michor PW. 2026. Symplectic structures on the space of space curves. Journal of Nonlinear Science. 36(2), 45."},"OA_type":"hybrid","doi":"10.1007/s00332-026-10266-8","project":[{"name":"Computational Discovery of Numerical Algorithms for Animation and Simulation of Natural Phenomena","grant_number":"101045083","_id":"34bc2376-11ca-11ed-8bc3-9a3b3961a088"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","status":"public","issue":"2","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Symplectic structures on the space of space curves","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present symplectic structures on the shape space of unparameterized space curves that generalize the classical Marsden–Weinstein structure. Our method integrates the Liouville 1-form of the Marsden–Weinstein structure with Riemannian structures that have been introduced in mathematical shape analysis. We also derive Hamiltonian vector fields for several classical Hamiltonian functions with respect to these new symplectic structures."}],"acknowledgement":"The authors are grateful to Boris Khesin for valuable comments on the MW symplectic structure and S. Ishida thanks Albert Chern for insightful discussions on space curves and Chris Wojtan for his continuous support. M. Bauer was partially supported by NSF grant DMS-1953244 and by the Binational Science Foundation (BSF). S. Ishida was partially supported by ERC Consolidator Grant 101045083 “CoDiNA” funded by the European Research Council. Some figures were generated by the software Houdini and its education license was provided by SideFX. Open access funding provided by University of Vienna.","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"ChWo"}],"date_created":"2026-04-16T07:29:17Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"04","_id":"21743","intvolume":"        36","file_date_updated":"2026-04-28T09:55:32Z","publication":"Journal of Nonlinear Science","oa_version":"Published Version","oa":1,"date_updated":"2026-10-02T11:16:45Z","file":[{"checksum":"760de2631b6fd7d57bcd5115ed36c0a2","file_size":1108518,"relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2026-04-28T09:55:32Z","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_id":"21770","date_updated":"2026-04-28T09:55:32Z","file_name":"2026_JourNonlinearScience_Bauer.pdf","creator":"dernst"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"17361","relation":"earlier_version"}]},"article_number":"45","author":[{"last_name":"Bauer","full_name":"Bauer, Martin","first_name":"Martin"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-3121-3100","last_name":"Ishida","id":"6F7C4B96-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","first_name":"Sadashige","full_name":"Ishida, Sadashige"},{"last_name":"Michor","full_name":"Michor, Peter W.","first_name":"Peter W."}],"scopus_import":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1432-1467"],"issn":["0938-8974"]},"day":"15","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","PlanS_conform":"1","type":"journal_article","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-026-10266-8","ddc":["510"],"has_accepted_license":"1","arxiv":1,"date_published":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2407.19908"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"type":"journal_article","PlanS_conform":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","day":"01","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1615-3375"],"eissn":["1615-3383"]},"scopus_import":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Ishida","orcid":"0000-0002-3121-3100","full_name":"Ishida, Sadashige","first_name":"Sadashige","id":"6F7C4B96-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425"},{"full_name":"Lavenant, Hugo","first_name":"Hugo","last_name":"Lavenant"}],"corr_author":"1","page":"349-384","supplementarymaterial":"no","keyword":["Optimal transport","Hamilton-Jacobi equation","convex optimization"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"isi":["001352503300001"],"arxiv":["2312.12213"]},"date_published":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","arxiv":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","ddc":["000"],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10208-024-09686-3","acknowledgement":"The authors would like to thank Chris Wojtan for his continuous support and several interesting discussions. Part of this research was performed during two visits: one of SI to the BIDSA research center at Bocconi University, and one of HL to the Institute of Science and Technology Austria. Both host institutions are warmly acknowledged for the hospitality. HL is partially supported by the MUR-Prin 2022-202244A7YL “Gradient Flows and Non-Smooth Geometric Structures with Applications to Optimization and Machine Learning”, funded by the European Union - Next Generation EU. SI is supported in part by ERC Consolidator Grant 101045083 “CoDiNA” funded by the European Research Council. Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).","abstract":[{"text":"We present a discretization of the dynamic optimal transport problem for which we can obtain the convergence rate for the value of the transport cost to its continuous value when the temporal and spatial stepsize vanish. This convergence result does not require any regularity assumption on the measures, though experiments suggest that the rate is not sharp. Via an analysis of the duality gap we also obtain the convergence rates for the gradient of the optimal potentials and the velocity field under mild regularity assumptions. To obtain such rates we discretize the dual formulation of the dynamic optimal transport problem and use the mature literature related to the error due to discretizing the Hamilton-Jacobi equation.","lang":"eng"}],"title":"Quantitative convergence of a discretization of dynamic optimal transport using the dual formulation","quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","publisher":"Springer Nature","project":[{"grant_number":"101045083","_id":"34bc2376-11ca-11ed-8bc3-9a3b3961a088","name":"Computational Discovery of Numerical Algorithms for Animation and Simulation of Natural Phenomena"}],"doi":"10.1007/s10208-024-09686-3","OA_type":"hybrid","publication_status":"published","OA_place":"publisher","citation":{"mla":"Ishida, Sadashige, and Hugo Lavenant. “Quantitative Convergence of a Discretization of Dynamic Optimal Transport Using the Dual Formulation.” <i>Foundations of Computational Mathematics</i>, vol. 26, Springer Nature, 2026, pp. 349–84, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10208-024-09686-3\">10.1007/s10208-024-09686-3</a>.","ama":"Ishida S, Lavenant H. Quantitative convergence of a discretization of dynamic optimal transport using the dual formulation. <i>Foundations of Computational Mathematics</i>. 2026;26:349-384. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10208-024-09686-3\">10.1007/s10208-024-09686-3</a>","ista":"Ishida S, Lavenant H. 2026. Quantitative convergence of a discretization of dynamic optimal transport using the dual formulation. Foundations of Computational Mathematics. 26, 349–384.","ieee":"S. Ishida and H. Lavenant, “Quantitative convergence of a discretization of dynamic optimal transport using the dual formulation,” <i>Foundations of Computational Mathematics</i>, vol. 26. Springer Nature, pp. 349–384, 2026.","short":"S. Ishida, H. Lavenant, Foundations of Computational Mathematics 26 (2026) 349–384.","apa":"Ishida, S., &#38; Lavenant, H. (2026). Quantitative convergence of a discretization of dynamic optimal transport using the dual formulation. <i>Foundations of Computational Mathematics</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10208-024-09686-3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10208-024-09686-3</a>","chicago":"Ishida, Sadashige, and Hugo Lavenant. “Quantitative Convergence of a Discretization of Dynamic Optimal Transport Using the Dual Formulation.” <i>Foundations of Computational Mathematics</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10208-024-09686-3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10208-024-09686-3</a>."},"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"year":"2026","volume":26,"researchdata_availability":"no","das_tickbox":"0","date_updated":"2026-10-02T11:17:26Z","file":[{"success":1,"date_updated":"2026-07-23T05:37:52Z","file_id":"22384","file_name":"2026_FoundCompMath_Ishida.pdf","creator":"dernst","file_size":1240012,"checksum":"30671f88e792e8b75ae3e698ac4c131c","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2026-07-23T05:37:52Z","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"isi":1,"oa":1,"publication":"Foundations of Computational Mathematics","oa_version":"Published Version","file_date_updated":"2026-07-23T05:37:52Z","intvolume":"        26","_id":"14703","month":"02","date_created":"2023-12-21T10:14:37Z","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"ChWo"}],"article_type":"original"}]