[{"article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"department":[{"_id":"MiLe"}],"title":"Electron–electrolyte coupling in AC transport through nanofluidic channels","article_type":"original","year":"2026","external_id":{"arxiv":["2505.02478"]},"doi":"10.1063/5.0313352","month":"04","file_date_updated":"2026-05-18T07:31:23Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","file":[{"creator":"dernst","checksum":"a896969c829be2a79859bd277f87b44c","file_size":5497515,"relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2026_JourChemPhysics_Coquinot.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"date_created":"2026-05-18T07:31:23Z","date_updated":"2026-05-18T07:31:23Z","file_id":"21889"}],"scopus_import":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","ddc":["530"],"publisher":"AIP Publishing","intvolume":"       164","status":"public","day":"07","date_created":"2026-05-07T08:53:03Z","date_updated":"2026-05-18T07:34:57Z","publication_status":"published","citation":{"apa":"Coquinot, B., Lizée, M., Bocquet, L., &#38; Kavokine, N. (2026). Electron–electrolyte coupling in AC transport through nanofluidic channels. <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics</i>. AIP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0313352\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0313352</a>","chicago":"Coquinot, Baptiste, Mathieu Lizée, Lydéric Bocquet, and Nikita Kavokine. “Electron–Electrolyte Coupling in AC Transport through Nanofluidic Channels.” <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics</i>. AIP Publishing, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0313352\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0313352</a>.","short":"B. Coquinot, M. Lizée, L. Bocquet, N. Kavokine, The Journal of Chemical Physics 164 (2026).","ama":"Coquinot B, Lizée M, Bocquet L, Kavokine N. Electron–electrolyte coupling in AC transport through nanofluidic channels. <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics</i>. 2026;164(13). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0313352\">10.1063/5.0313352</a>","ista":"Coquinot B, Lizée M, Bocquet L, Kavokine N. 2026. Electron–electrolyte coupling in AC transport through nanofluidic channels. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 164(13), 134704.","ieee":"B. Coquinot, M. Lizée, L. Bocquet, and N. Kavokine, “Electron–electrolyte coupling in AC transport through nanofluidic channels,” <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics</i>, vol. 164, no. 13. AIP Publishing, 2026.","mla":"Coquinot, Baptiste, et al. “Electron–Electrolyte Coupling in AC Transport through Nanofluidic Channels.” <i>The Journal of Chemical Physics</i>, vol. 164, no. 13, 134704, AIP Publishing, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0313352\">10.1063/5.0313352</a>."},"acknowledgement":"The authors thank Nicolas Chapuis for fruitful discussions. L.B. acknowledges support from the ERC project n-AQUA under Grant Agreement No. 101071937. B.C. acknowledges support from the CFM Foundation and the NOMIS Foundation. N.K. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) under Grant No. CRSK-2_237930.","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","author":[{"last_name":"Coquinot","orcid":"0000-0001-5524-596X","first_name":"Baptiste","full_name":"Coquinot, Baptiste","id":"f8417bd4-f599-11ee-a482-b927e3ed1e8e"},{"last_name":"Lizée","full_name":"Lizée, Mathieu","first_name":"Mathieu"},{"first_name":"Lydéric","full_name":"Bocquet, Lydéric","last_name":"Bocquet"},{"full_name":"Kavokine, Nikita","first_name":"Nikita","last_name":"Kavokine"}],"publication":"The Journal of Chemical Physics","date_published":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"PlanS_conform":"1","OA_place":"publisher","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The transport properties of nanofluidic channels are usually studied under constant (DC) voltage or pressure driving. However, the frequency response under sinusoidal (AC) drivings offers rich insights into the time-dependent transport mechanisms. Inspired by recent electrochemical approaches, we investigate the couplings between ionic and electronic transport under AC driving. We show that conduction electrons of the channel walls participate in ionic current via capacitive electrochemical coupling, defining a critical frequency and length scale where electron-dominated conductivity emerges. We further analyze how electron–ion coupling modifies electro-osmotic flows and demonstrate that fluctuation-induced momentum transfer between the electrolyte and wall electrons produces distinct AC transport signatures, depending on the charge carrier polarity. Altogether, we establish a frequency-dependent transport matrix that couples ionic, electronic, and hydrodynamic flows. These findings establish AC nanofluidic transport as a powerful probe of interfacial phenomena under confinement and suggest new directions for engineering nanofluidic functionalities through electron–electrolyte coupling."}],"_id":"21840","article_number":"134704","issue":"13","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1089-7690"],"issn":["0021-9606"]},"volume":164,"OA_type":"hybrid","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"arxiv":1},{"keyword":["classic genetics","quantitative genetics","genotype–phenotype map"],"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","acknowledgement":"We thank a variety of further colleagues for the many inspiring discussions on the nature of heredity, especially the workshops in Berlin. Special thanks also to the Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Studies (STIAS) to provide DT the leisure and freedom to write up the first version of this perspective. Thanks also to three reviewers who have helped to improve the manuscript. Two dedicated symposia on the topic were funded by the Max-Planck Society.","publication_status":"published","citation":{"ista":"Tautz D, Pallares LF, Andersson L, Barghi N, Barton NH, Bay R, Chan YF, Hancock A, Kaiser TS, Koenig D, Kontarakis Z, Liedvogel M, de Meaux J, Nordborg M, Palmer AA, Purugganan M, Schlötterer C, Schmid K, Stainier DYR, Weigel D, Wolf JBW, Ebert D, Gibson G. 2026. Beyond Mendel: A call to revisit the genotype–phenotype map through new experimental paradigms. Genetics. 232(4), iyag024.","mla":"Tautz, Diethard, et al. “Beyond Mendel: A Call to Revisit the Genotype–Phenotype Map through New Experimental Paradigms.” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 232, no. 4, iyag024, Oxford University Press, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyag024\">10.1093/genetics/iyag024</a>.","ieee":"D. Tautz <i>et al.</i>, “Beyond Mendel: A call to revisit the genotype–phenotype map through new experimental paradigms,” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 232, no. 4. Oxford University Press, 2026.","apa":"Tautz, D., Pallares, L. F., Andersson, L., Barghi, N., Barton, N. H., Bay, R., … Gibson, G. (2026). Beyond Mendel: A call to revisit the genotype–phenotype map through new experimental paradigms. <i>Genetics</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyag024\">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyag024</a>","ama":"Tautz D, Pallares LF, Andersson L, et al. Beyond Mendel: A call to revisit the genotype–phenotype map through new experimental paradigms. <i>Genetics</i>. 2026;232(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyag024\">10.1093/genetics/iyag024</a>","chicago":"Tautz, Diethard, Luisa F Pallares, Leif Andersson, Neda Barghi, Nicholas H Barton, Rachael Bay, Yingguang Frank Chan, et al. “Beyond Mendel: A Call to Revisit the Genotype–Phenotype Map through New Experimental Paradigms.” <i>Genetics</i>. Oxford University Press, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyag024\">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyag024</a>.","short":"D. Tautz, L.F. Pallares, L. Andersson, N. Barghi, N.H. Barton, R. Bay, Y.F. Chan, A. Hancock, T.S. Kaiser, D. Koenig, Z. Kontarakis, M. Liedvogel, J. de Meaux, M. Nordborg, A.A. Palmer, M. Purugganan, C. Schlötterer, K. Schmid, D.Y.R. Stainier, D. Weigel, J.B.W. Wolf, D. Ebert, G. Gibson, Genetics 232 (2026)."},"OA_place":"publisher","PlanS_conform":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The long-standing notion that genotypes map to phenotypes through simple one gene–one trait relationships continues to shape both research in the life sciences and public understanding, with implications for policy and funding priorities. Yet this paradigm is increasingly recognized as inadequate for explaining continuous phenotypic variation and the complex genetic architectures of the genotype–phenotype map. Modern genetics emerged from the early 20th-century synthesis of Mendelian and biometric schools of heredity, with R.A. Fisher demonstrating early on how multiple discrete loci could collectively produce continuous variation. Despite this fundamental insight, Mendelism—with its focus on single genes and standardized genetic backgrounds—became the dominant framework, shaping current genetics research and molecular biology as well as science education. The advent of large-scale genomic data has revealed yet again the limitations of this reductionist approach. Evidence from quantitative genetics now shows that most phenotypes arise from complex networks of many interdependent genes and their dynamic responses to environmental perturbations. Here we trace the historical roots of how Mendelian classical genetics departed from the biometric school to create the current predominant paradigm in genetics, despite fundamentally unresolved issues. Moving on from this one-sided paradigm will require systematic development of integrative, evolutionarily grounded experimental approaches that better capture the multigenic and context-dependent nature of inheritance. Achieving such an extended perspective will require methodological innovation, including advances in large-scale (e.g. automated) phenotyping. Dedicated research programs will be necessary to advance a new era of genetic research into the complex mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation."}],"date_published":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"author":[{"first_name":"Diethard","full_name":"Tautz, Diethard","last_name":"Tautz"},{"last_name":"Pallares","first_name":"Luisa F","full_name":"Pallares, Luisa F"},{"last_name":"Andersson","first_name":"Leif","full_name":"Andersson, Leif"},{"first_name":"Neda","full_name":"Barghi, Neda","last_name":"Barghi"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","last_name":"Barton","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Nicholas H"},{"full_name":"Bay, Rachael","first_name":"Rachael","last_name":"Bay"},{"last_name":"Chan","full_name":"Chan, Yingguang Frank","first_name":"Yingguang Frank"},{"full_name":"Hancock, Angela","first_name":"Angela","last_name":"Hancock"},{"last_name":"Kaiser","full_name":"Kaiser, Tobias S","first_name":"Tobias S"},{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Koenig, Daniel","last_name":"Koenig"},{"last_name":"Kontarakis","first_name":"Zacharias","full_name":"Kontarakis, Zacharias"},{"last_name":"Liedvogel","full_name":"Liedvogel, Miriam","first_name":"Miriam"},{"full_name":"de Meaux, Juliette","first_name":"Juliette","last_name":"de Meaux"},{"first_name":"Magnus","full_name":"Nordborg, Magnus","last_name":"Nordborg"},{"full_name":"Palmer, Abraham A","first_name":"Abraham A","last_name":"Palmer"},{"last_name":"Purugganan","first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Purugganan, Michael"},{"full_name":"Schlötterer, Christian","first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Schlötterer"},{"last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Karl","full_name":"Schmid, Karl"},{"last_name":"Stainier","full_name":"Stainier, Didier Y R","first_name":"Didier Y R"},{"first_name":"Detlef","full_name":"Weigel, Detlef","last_name":"Weigel"},{"first_name":"Jochen B W","full_name":"Wolf, Jochen B W","last_name":"Wolf"},{"full_name":"Ebert, Dieter","first_name":"Dieter","last_name":"Ebert"},{"first_name":"Greg","full_name":"Gibson, Greg","last_name":"Gibson"}],"publication":"Genetics","pmid":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","issue":"4","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1943-2631"]},"article_number":"iyag024","OA_type":"hybrid","volume":232,"_id":"21841","doi":"10.1093/genetics/iyag024","external_id":{"pmid":["41701356"]},"year":"2026","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"title":"Beyond Mendel: A call to revisit the genotype–phenotype map through new experimental paradigms","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","scopus_import":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","file":[{"date_updated":"2026-05-18T07:48:45Z","date_created":"2026-05-18T07:48:45Z","file_id":"21890","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2026_Genetics_Tautz.pdf","file_size":542844,"creator":"dernst","checksum":"5a862c539f9dec4511277ad8927c549c"}],"file_date_updated":"2026-05-18T07:48:45Z","month":"04","ddc":["570"],"publisher":"Oxford University Press","date_created":"2026-05-07T08:53:40Z","date_updated":"2026-05-18T07:51:26Z","day":"01","status":"public","intvolume":"       232"},{"date_published":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"publication":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia","author":[{"last_name":"Kára","first_name":"Jan","full_name":"Kára, Jan"},{"last_name":"Rivera Sandoval","first_name":"Liliana","full_name":"Rivera Sandoval, Liliana"},{"last_name":"Mendoza","full_name":"Mendoza, Wendy","first_name":"Wendy"},{"full_name":"Maccarone, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Maccarone"},{"last_name":"Pichardo Marcano","full_name":"Pichardo Marcano, Manuel","first_name":"Manuel"},{"first_name":"Luis E.","full_name":"Salazar Manzano, Luis E.","last_name":"Salazar Manzano"},{"last_name":"Oelkers","full_name":"Oelkers, Ryan J.","first_name":"Ryan J."},{"first_name":"Joannes C","id":"4d122fc8-6083-11f0-87a5-97d68b860333","full_name":"van Roestel, Joannes C","last_name":"van Roestel"}],"PlanS_conform":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"AM CVn stars are ultra-compact semi-detached binaries consisting of a white dwarf primary and a hydrogen-depleted secondary. In this\r\npaper, we present spectroscopic and photometric results of 15 transient sources pre-classified as AM CVn candidates. Our analysis confirms\r\n9 systems of the type AM CVn, 3 hydrogen-rich cataclysmic variables (accreting white dwarfs with near-main-sequence stars for donors),\r\nand 3 systems that could be evolved cataclysmic variables. Eight of the AM CVn stars are analysed spectroscopically for the first time,\r\nwhich increases the number of spectroscopically confirmed AM CVns by about 10%. TESS data revealed the orbital period of the AM CVn\r\nstar ASASSN-20pv to be Porb =27.282 min, which helps to constrain the possible values of its mass ratio. TESS also helped to determine\r\nthe superhump periods of one AM CVn star (ASASSN-19ct, Psh =30.94 min) and two cataclysmic variables we classify as WZ Sge stars\r\n(Psh =90.77 min for ZTF18aaaasnn and Psh =91.6min for ASASSN-15na).We identified very different abundances in the spectra of theAM\r\nCVns binaries ASASSN-15kf and ASASSN-20pv (both Porb ∼27.5min), suggesting different type of donors. Six of the studied AMCVns are\r\nX-ray sources, which helped to determine their mass accretion rates. Photometry shows that the duration of all the superoutbursts detected\r\nin the AM CVns is consistent with expectations from the disc instability model. Finally, we provide refined criteria for the identification of\r\nnew systems using all-sky surveys such as LSST."}],"OA_place":"publisher","quality_controlled":"1","acknowledgement":"We are grateful to the anonymous referee for providing\r\nus with useful comments and suggestions that improved our manuscript.\r\nJK and LRS acknowledge support from NASA grants NNH22ZDA001N-6152\r\nand 80NSSC24K0638. MPM is partially supported by the Swiss National\r\nScience Foundation IZSTZ0_216537 and by UNAM PAPIIT-IG101224. Based\r\non observations obtained at the international Gemini Observatory, a program\r\nof NSF NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for\r\nResearch in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the U.S.\r\nNational Science Foundation on behalf of the Gemini Observatory partnership:\r\nthe U.S. National Science Foundation (United States), National Research\r\nCouncil (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Argentina), Ministério\r\nda Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (Brazil), and Korea\r\nAstronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea). The Gemini\r\ndata were obtained from programs GN-2023B-Q-310 and GS-2024A-Q-311\r\n(PI: Rivera Sandoval) and processed using DRAGONS (Data Reduction for\r\nAstronomy from Gemini Observatory North and South) The Digitized Sky\r\nSurveys were produced at the Space Telescope Science Institute under U.S.\r\nGovernment grant NAG W-2166. The images of these surveys are based on\r\nphotographic data obtained using the Oschin Schmidt Telescope on Palomar\r\nMountain and the UK Schmidt Telescope. The plates were processed into the\r\npresent compressed digital form with the permission of these institutions.\r\nThe National Geographic Society – Palomar Observatory Sky Atlas (POSS-I)\r\nwas made by the California Institute of Technology with grants from the\r\nNational Geographic Society. The Second Palomar Observatory Sky Survey\r\n(POSS-II) was made by the California Institute of Technology with funds\r\nfrom the National Science Foundation, the National Geographic Society, the\r\nSloan Foundation, the Samuel Oschin Foundation, and the Eastman Kodak\r\nCorporation. The Oschin Schmidt Telescope is operated by the California\r\nInstitute of Technology and Palomar Observatory. The UK Schmidt Telescope\r\nwas operated by the Royal Observatory Edinburgh, with funding from the\r\nUK Science and Engineering Research Council (later the UK Particle Physics\r\nand Astronomy Research Council), until 1988 June, and thereafter by the\r\nAnglo-Australian Observatory. The blue plates of the southern Sky Atlas\r\nand its Equatorial Extension (together known as the SERC-J), as well as the\r\nEquatorial Red (ER), and the Second Epoch [red] Survey (SES) were all taken\r\nwith the UK Schmidt. Supplemental funding for sky-survey work at the ST\r\nScI is provided by the European Southern Observatory. Based on observations\r\nobtained with the Samuel Oschin Telescope 48-inch and the 60-inch Telescope\r\nat the Palomar Observatory as part of the Zwicky Transient Facility project.\r\nZTF is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. AST-\r\n1440341 and AST-2034437 and a collaboration including current partners\r\nCaltech, IPAC, the Oskar Klein Center at Stockholm University, the University\r\nof Maryland, University of California, Berkeley, the University of Wisconsin\r\nat Milwaukee, University of Warwick, Ruhr University, Cornell University,\r\nNorthwestern University, and Drexel University. Operations are conducted\r\nby COO, IPAC, and UW. This work has used data from the European\r\nSpace Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia),\r\nprocessed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC,\r\nhttps://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the\r\nDPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular, the institutions\r\nparticipating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. We acknowledge with\r\nthanks the variable star observations from the AAVSO International Database\r\ncontributed by observers worldwide and used in this research. This paper\r\nincludes data collected by the TESS mission. Funding for the TESS mission\r\nis provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate. Some of the data\r\npresented in this paper were obtained from the B. Mikulski Archive for Space\r\nTelescopes (MAST). This research has made use of the SIMBAD database,\r\noperated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This research has made use of ‘Aladin\r\nsky atlas’ developed at CDS, Strasbourg Observatory, France. This research\r\nhas made use of the VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France.","publication_status":"published","citation":{"apa":"Kára, J., Rivera Sandoval, L., Mendoza, W., Maccarone, T., Pichardo Marcano, M., Salazar Manzano, L. E., … van Roestel, J. C. (2026). A study of transients from ground-based surveys reveals new ultra-compact accreting white dwarf binaries. <i>Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2026.10184\">https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2026.10184</a>","short":"J. Kára, L. Rivera Sandoval, W. Mendoza, T. Maccarone, M. Pichardo Marcano, L.E. Salazar Manzano, R.J. Oelkers, J.C. van Roestel, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 43 (2026).","ama":"Kára J, Rivera Sandoval L, Mendoza W, et al. A study of transients from ground-based surveys reveals new ultra-compact accreting white dwarf binaries. <i>Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia</i>. 2026;43. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2026.10184\">10.1017/pasa.2026.10184</a>","chicago":"Kára, Jan, Liliana Rivera Sandoval, Wendy Mendoza, Thomas Maccarone, Manuel Pichardo Marcano, Luis E. Salazar Manzano, Ryan J. Oelkers, and Joannes C van Roestel. “A Study of Transients from Ground-Based Surveys Reveals New Ultra-Compact Accreting White Dwarf Binaries.” <i>Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2026.10184\">https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2026.10184</a>.","ista":"Kára J, Rivera Sandoval L, Mendoza W, Maccarone T, Pichardo Marcano M, Salazar Manzano LE, Oelkers RJ, van Roestel JC. 2026. A study of transients from ground-based surveys reveals new ultra-compact accreting white dwarf binaries. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 43, e052.","ieee":"J. Kára <i>et al.</i>, “A study of transients from ground-based surveys reveals new ultra-compact accreting white dwarf binaries,” <i>Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia</i>, vol. 43. Cambridge University Press, 2026.","mla":"Kára, Jan, et al. “A Study of Transients from Ground-Based Surveys Reveals New Ultra-Compact Accreting White Dwarf Binaries.” <i>Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia</i>, vol. 43, e052, Cambridge University Press, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2026.10184\">10.1017/pasa.2026.10184</a>."},"oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"21842","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":43,"OA_type":"hybrid","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1448-6083"],"issn":["1323-3580"]},"article_number":"e052","file":[{"relation":"main_file","file_name":"2026_PublAstronomicalSocAustralia_Kara.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2026-05-12T06:54:10Z","date_created":"2026-05-12T06:54:10Z","file_id":"21862","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_size":3681016,"creator":"dernst","checksum":"f8f3cd3765948e8b276176c71c9d4e02"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","file_date_updated":"2026-05-12T06:54:10Z","month":"03","has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1","title":"A study of transients from ground-based surveys reveals new ultra-compact accreting white dwarf binaries","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"IlCa"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"doi":"10.1017/pasa.2026.10184","year":"2026","status":"public","intvolume":"        43","date_updated":"2026-05-12T06:57:40Z","date_created":"2026-05-07T08:55:00Z","day":"27","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","ddc":["520"]},{"intvolume":"      1002","status":"public","day":"01","date_created":"2026-05-10T22:02:14Z","date_updated":"2026-05-11T07:09:12Z","publisher":"IOP Publishing","ddc":["520"],"month":"05","file_date_updated":"2026-05-11T07:07:22Z","file":[{"file_name":"2026_AstrophysicalJour_Inayoshi.pdf","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"21853","date_updated":"2026-05-11T07:07:22Z","date_created":"2026-05-11T07:07:22Z","checksum":"b4506dfef3dd6da335775071d8f2a0a6","creator":"dernst","file_size":3041897}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"ZoHa"}],"title":"The emergence of Little Red Dots from binary massive black holes","year":"2026","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ae548d","external_id":{"arxiv":["2505.05322"]},"arxiv":1,"DOAJ_listed":"1","_id":"21844","OA_type":"gold","volume":1002,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1538-4357"],"issn":["0004-637X"]},"issue":"1","article_number":"25","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","author":[{"last_name":"Inayoshi","first_name":"Kohei","full_name":"Inayoshi, Kohei"},{"last_name":"Shangguan","full_name":"Shangguan, Jinyi","first_name":"Jinyi"},{"last_name":"Chen","full_name":"Chen, Xian","first_name":"Xian"},{"last_name":"Ho","full_name":"Ho, Luis C.","first_name":"Luis C."},{"id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","first_name":"Zoltán","orcid":"0000-0003-3633-5403","last_name":"Haiman"}],"date_published":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"OA_place":"publisher","PlanS_conform":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Little red dots (LRDs) are a newly identified class of broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with a distinctive V-shaped spectrum characterized by red optical and blue UV continuum emission. Their high abundance at redshifts of z ∼ 6–8 and decline at lower redshifts suggest a transient origin. We propose that the spectral shape of LRDs originates from compact binary black hole systems, in which each black hole is surrounded by a mini-disk and embedded within a larger circumbinary disk. With a binary separation of ≲103 Schwarzschild radii, the Wien tail of a T ≃ 5000 K blackbody spectrum at the inner edge of the circumbinary disk produces the red optical emission, while the mini-disks power the UV continuum. Binary torques carve out a gap between the circumbinary disk and the mini-disks, setting the turnover wavelength of the V-shaped spectrum around the Balmer limit. This scenario naturally reproduces LRD spectra requiring only modest dust attenuation (AV ≲ 1 mag), resolving overestimated luminosities for LRDs in previous studies and alleviating a tension with the so-called Sołtan argument. This model predicts distinct spectral evolution as the binary orbit decays through binary disk interactions and gravitational-wave (GW) emission, linking early-stage “proto-LRD” binaries to the broader AGN population and late-stage “LRD descendants” to coalescing binaries detectable in GW experiments.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"apa":"Inayoshi, K., Shangguan, J., Chen, X., Ho, L. C., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2026). The emergence of Little Red Dots from binary massive black holes. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae548d\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae548d</a>","chicago":"Inayoshi, Kohei, Jinyi Shangguan, Xian Chen, Luis C. Ho, and Zoltán Haiman. “The Emergence of Little Red Dots from Binary Massive Black Holes.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae548d\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae548d</a>.","short":"K. Inayoshi, J. Shangguan, X. Chen, L.C. Ho, Z. Haiman, The Astrophysical Journal 1002 (2026).","ama":"Inayoshi K, Shangguan J, Chen X, Ho LC, Haiman Z. The emergence of Little Red Dots from binary massive black holes. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2026;1002(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae548d\">10.3847/1538-4357/ae548d</a>","ista":"Inayoshi K, Shangguan J, Chen X, Ho LC, Haiman Z. 2026. The emergence of Little Red Dots from binary massive black holes. The Astrophysical Journal. 1002(1), 25.","ieee":"K. Inayoshi, J. Shangguan, X. Chen, L. C. Ho, and Z. Haiman, “The emergence of Little Red Dots from binary massive black holes,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 1002, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2026.","mla":"Inayoshi, Kohei, et al. “The Emergence of Little Red Dots from Binary Massive Black Holes.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 1002, no. 1, 25, IOP Publishing, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae548d\">10.3847/1538-4357/ae548d</a>."},"acknowledgement":"We greatly thank Kenta Hotokezaka and Hanpu Liu for constructive discussions. K.I., J.S., X.C., and L.C.H. acknowledge support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant Nos. 12573015, 1251101148, 12233001, and 12473037), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (grant No. IS25003), and the China Manned Space Program (grant No. CMS-CSST-2025-A09). J.S. is also supported by “The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Peking University” (grant No. 7100604896). Z.H. acknowledges support by US NSF grant AST-2006176 and by NASA grant Nos. 80NSSC24K0440 and 80NSSC22K0822.","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version"},{"oa_version":"Published Version","publication_status":"published","citation":{"mla":"Zambra, Valeska, et al. “Giant Transverse Magnetic Fluctuations at the Edge of Re-Entrant Superconductivity in UTe2.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 17, 3742, Springer Nature, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71899-7\">10.1038/s41467-026-71899-7</a>.","ieee":"V. Zambra <i>et al.</i>, “Giant transverse magnetic fluctuations at the edge of re-entrant superconductivity in UTe2,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 17. Springer Nature, 2026.","ista":"Zambra V, Nathwani A, Nauman M, Lewin SK, Frank CE, Butch NP, Shekhter A, Ramshaw BJ, Modic KA. 2026. Giant transverse magnetic fluctuations at the edge of re-entrant superconductivity in UTe2. Nature Communications. 17, 3742.","chicago":"Zambra, Valeska, Amit Nathwani, Muhammad Nauman, Sylvia K. Lewin, Corey E. Frank, Nicholas P. Butch, Arkady Shekhter, B. J. Ramshaw, and Kimberly A Modic. “Giant Transverse Magnetic Fluctuations at the Edge of Re-Entrant Superconductivity in UTe2.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71899-7\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71899-7</a>.","short":"V. Zambra, A. Nathwani, M. Nauman, S.K. Lewin, C.E. Frank, N.P. Butch, A. Shekhter, B.J. Ramshaw, K.A. Modic, Nature Communications 17 (2026).","ama":"Zambra V, Nathwani A, Nauman M, et al. Giant transverse magnetic fluctuations at the edge of re-entrant superconductivity in UTe2. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2026;17. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71899-7\">10.1038/s41467-026-71899-7</a>","apa":"Zambra, V., Nathwani, A., Nauman, M., Lewin, S. K., Frank, C. E., Butch, N. P., … Modic, K. A. (2026). Giant transverse magnetic fluctuations at the edge of re-entrant superconductivity in UTe2. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71899-7\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71899-7</a>"},"quality_controlled":"1","acknowledgement":"We appreciate technical support from Salvatore Bagiante, Evgeniia Volobueva, Lubuna Shafeek, Ali Bangura, and Zoltán Köllö, and scientific discussions with Daniel Agterberg, Johnpierre Paglione, Qimiao Si, Josephine Yu and Yue Yu. V.Z., A.N., M.N., and K.A.M. acknowledge funding received from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (TROPIC-101078696). V.Z., A.N., M.N., and K.A.M. thank the ISTA Nanofabrication Facility for technical support. B.J.R. acknowledges funding from the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the United States Department of Energy under award number DE-SC0020143 for data analysis and writing. The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory is supported by the National Science Foundation through NSF/DMR-2128556*, the State of Florida, and the U.S. Department of Energy. A.S. acknowledges support from the DOE/BES “Science of 100 T” grant. A.S. thanks Downtown Subscription in Santa Fe, NM, for their patience in hosting him. Sample preparation and characterization were supported by the NSF through DMR-2105191.","PlanS_conform":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"UTe2 exhibits the remarkable phenomenon of re-entrant superconductivity, whereby the zero-resistance state reappears above 40 tesla after being suppressed with a field of around 10 tesla. One potential pairing mechanism, invoked in the related re-entrant superconductors UCoGe and URhGe, involves transverse fluctuations of a ferromagnetic order parameter. However, the requisite ferromagnetic order—present in both UCoGe and URhGe—is absent in UTe2, and neutron scattering shows instead that the magnetic susceptibility is peaked at an antiferromagnetic wavevector. Here, we measure the magnetotropic susceptibility of UTe2 across two field-angle planes. This quantity is sensitive to the magnetic susceptibility in a direction transverse to the applied magnetic field—a quantity that is not accessed in conventional magnetization measurements. We observe a very large decrease in the magnetotropic susceptibility over a broad range of field orientations, indicating a large increase in the transverse magnetic susceptibility. Because our technique probes the magnetic susceptibility in the long wavelength (q = 0) limit, this suggests that the strong transverse susceptibility arises from ferromagnetic spin fluctuations. These ferromagnetic fluctuations are likely important for understanding the pairing mechanism in UTe2, as all three superconducting phases of UTe2 surround this region of enhanced susceptibility in the field-angle phase diagram."}],"OA_place":"publisher","publication":"Nature Communications","author":[{"first_name":"Valeska","id":"467ed36b-dc96-11ea-b7c8-b043a380b282","full_name":"Zambra, Valeska","last_name":"Zambra","orcid":"0000-0002-8806-5719"},{"last_name":"Nathwani","first_name":"Amit","id":"1a362536-4d02-11f1-8543-8351136efc50","full_name":"Nathwani, Amit"},{"first_name":"Muhammad","full_name":"Nauman, Muhammad","id":"32c21954-2022-11eb-9d5f-af9f93c24e71","last_name":"Nauman","orcid":"0000-0002-2111-4846"},{"full_name":"Lewin, Sylvia K.","first_name":"Sylvia K.","last_name":"Lewin"},{"first_name":"Corey E.","full_name":"Frank, Corey E.","last_name":"Frank"},{"last_name":"Butch","full_name":"Butch, Nicholas P.","first_name":"Nicholas P."},{"first_name":"Arkady","full_name":"Shekhter, Arkady","last_name":"Shekhter"},{"full_name":"Ramshaw, B. J.","first_name":"B. J.","last_name":"Ramshaw"},{"last_name":"Modic","orcid":"0000-0001-9760-3147","first_name":"Kimberly A","full_name":"Modic, Kimberly A","id":"13C26AC0-EB69-11E9-87C6-5F3BE6697425"}],"oa":1,"date_published":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","OA_type":"gold","volume":17,"article_number":"3742","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"21845","DOAJ_listed":"1","arxiv":1,"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"21174","status":"public","relation":"research_data"}]},"year":"2026","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-71899-7","external_id":{"arxiv":["2506.08984"]},"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_processing_charge":"Yes","department":[{"_id":"KiMo"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"title":"Giant transverse magnetic fluctuations at the edge of re-entrant superconductivity in UTe2","article_type":"original","has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1","month":"04","file_date_updated":"2026-05-11T06:32:12Z","file":[{"checksum":"8cb95b033ad2a1a7a8181f6f078c05b5","creator":"dernst","file_size":1784917,"success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"21850","date_created":"2026-05-11T06:32:12Z","date_updated":"2026-05-11T06:32:12Z","file_name":"2026_NatureComm_Zambra.pdf","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file"}],"corr_author":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"Springer Nature","ddc":["530"],"day":"29","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"date_updated":"2026-05-11T06:36:00Z","date_created":"2026-05-10T22:02:15Z","project":[{"name":"Gaining leverage with spin liquids and superconductors","grant_number":"101078696","_id":"bd968c70-d553-11ed-ba76-cde40b0aba64"}],"intvolume":"        17","status":"public"},{"year":"2026","external_id":{"arxiv":["2602.02702"]},"doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/ae58a5","article_processing_charge":"Yes","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"department":[{"_id":"ZoHa"},{"_id":"JoMa"}],"title":"Connecting the dots: UV-bright companions of Little Red Dots as Lyman–Werner sources enabling direct-collapse Black Hole formation","article_type":"original","has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1","file_date_updated":"2026-05-11T06:44:37Z","month":"04","file":[{"creator":"dernst","checksum":"8c31d8603cd6ad39c772a72d136dc3f8","file_size":13359642,"content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"date_updated":"2026-05-11T06:44:37Z","date_created":"2026-05-11T06:44:37Z","file_id":"21851","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2026_AstrophysicalJourLetters_Baggen.pdf"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"IOP Publishing","ddc":["520"],"day":"10","date_updated":"2026-05-11T06:48:33Z","date_created":"2026-05-10T22:02:15Z","project":[{"_id":"bd9b2118-d553-11ed-ba76-db24564edfea","name":"Young galaxies as tracers and agents of cosmic reionization","grant_number":"101076224"}],"intvolume":"      1002","status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","citation":{"apa":"Baggen, J. F. W., Scoggins, M. T., Van Dokkum, P., Haiman, Z., Torralba Torregrosa, A., &#38; Matthee, J. J. (2026). Connecting the dots: UV-bright companions of Little Red Dots as Lyman–Werner sources enabling direct-collapse Black Hole formation. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae58a5\">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae58a5</a>","short":"J.F.W. Baggen, M.T. Scoggins, P. Van Dokkum, Z. Haiman, A. Torralba Torregrosa, J.J. Matthee, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1002 (2026).","chicago":"Baggen, Josephine F.W., Matthew T. Scoggins, Pieter Van Dokkum, Zoltán Haiman, Alberto Torralba Torregrosa, and Jorryt J Matthee. “Connecting the Dots: UV-Bright Companions of Little Red Dots as Lyman–Werner Sources Enabling Direct-Collapse Black Hole Formation.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. IOP Publishing, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae58a5\">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae58a5</a>.","ama":"Baggen JFW, Scoggins MT, Van Dokkum P, Haiman Z, Torralba Torregrosa A, Matthee JJ. Connecting the dots: UV-bright companions of Little Red Dots as Lyman–Werner sources enabling direct-collapse Black Hole formation. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. 2026;1002(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae58a5\">10.3847/2041-8213/ae58a5</a>","ista":"Baggen JFW, Scoggins MT, Van Dokkum P, Haiman Z, Torralba Torregrosa A, Matthee JJ. 2026. Connecting the dots: UV-bright companions of Little Red Dots as Lyman–Werner sources enabling direct-collapse Black Hole formation. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 1002(1), L4.","mla":"Baggen, Josephine F. W., et al. “Connecting the Dots: UV-Bright Companions of Little Red Dots as Lyman–Werner Sources Enabling Direct-Collapse Black Hole Formation.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 1002, no. 1, L4, IOP Publishing, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae58a5\">10.3847/2041-8213/ae58a5</a>.","ieee":"J. F. W. Baggen, M. T. Scoggins, P. Van Dokkum, Z. Haiman, A. Torralba Torregrosa, and J. J. Matthee, “Connecting the dots: UV-bright companions of Little Red Dots as Lyman–Werner sources enabling direct-collapse Black Hole formation,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 1002, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2026."},"publication_status":"published","acknowledgement":"We thank Earl Bellinger, Fabio Pacucci, Andrea Ferrara, and Dale Kocevski for useful discussions. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These imaging observations are associated with programs 1345, 1180, 1181, 1243, 6882, 2561, 1324, 4111, and 1895. The compiled dataset can be accessed at doi:10.17909/1m8f-9c47. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant DNRF140. J.M. and A.T. acknowledge funding by the European Union (ERC, AGENTS, 101076224). This work was performed in part at Aspen Center for Physics, which is supported by National Science Foundation grant PHY-2210452. This work used the following Python packages: Matplotlib (J. D. Hunter 2007), SciPy (P. Virtanen et al. 2020), NumPy (S. van der Walt et al. 2011), AstroPy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2022), colossus (B. Diemer 2018), and photutils (L. Bradley et al. 2025).","quality_controlled":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We compile a sample of 83 little red dots (LRDs) with JWST imaging and find that a substantial fraction (∼43%, rising to ≳80% for the most luminous LRDs) host one or more spatially offset, UV-bright companions at projected separations of 0.5 kpc ≲ d ≲ 5 kpc, with median 〈d〉 = 1.0 kpc. This fraction is even higher when smaller spatial scales are probed at high signal-to-noise ratio: the two most strongly lensed LRDs, A383-LRD1 and the newly discovered A68-LRD1, both have UV-bright companions at separations of only d ∼ 0.3 kpc, below the resolution limit of most unlensed JWST samples. We explore whether these ubiquitous red/blue configurations may be physically linked to the formation of LRDs, in analogy with the “synchronized pair” scenario originally proposed for direct-collapse black hole formation. In this picture, UV radiation from the companions, with typically modest stellar masses (M∗ ∼ 108−109 M⊙), suppresses molecular hydrogen cooling in nearby gas, allowing nearly isothermal collapse and the formation of extremely compact objects, such as massive black holes, supermassive stars, or quasi-stars. Using component-resolved photometry and spectral energy distribution modeling, we infer Lyman–Werner radiation fields of J21,LW ∼ 102.5–105 at the locations of the red components, comparable to those required in direct-collapse models, suggesting that the necessary photodissociation conditions are realized in many LRD systems. This framework provides a simple and self-consistent explanation for the extreme compactness and distinctive spectral properties of LRDs and links long-standing theoretical models for early compact object formation directly to a population now observed with JWST in the early Universe."}],"OA_place":"publisher","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","author":[{"last_name":"Baggen","full_name":"Baggen, Josephine F.W.","first_name":"Josephine F.W."},{"first_name":"Matthew T.","full_name":"Scoggins, Matthew T.","last_name":"Scoggins"},{"first_name":"Pieter","full_name":"Van Dokkum, Pieter","last_name":"Van Dokkum"},{"first_name":"Zoltán","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","last_name":"Haiman","orcid":"0000-0003-3633-5403"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-5586-6950","last_name":"Torralba Torregrosa","id":"018f0249-0e87-11f0-b167-cbce08fbd541","full_name":"Torralba Torregrosa, Alberto","first_name":"Alberto"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","last_name":"Matthee","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","first_name":"Jorryt J"}],"oa":1,"date_published":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","volume":1002,"OA_type":"gold","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-8213"],"issn":["2041-8205"]},"article_number":"L4","issue":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","_id":"21846","DOAJ_listed":"1","arxiv":1},{"date_published":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"author":[{"last_name":"Moller","first_name":"Frederik Skovbo","id":"43cbcc83-0564-11f0-a935-e37325525859","full_name":"Moller, Frederik Skovbo"},{"last_name":"Fernández-Fernández","first_name":"Gabriel","full_name":"Fernández-Fernández, Gabriel"},{"last_name":"Schweigler","full_name":"Schweigler, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas"},{"last_name":"De Schoulepnikoff","first_name":"Paulin","full_name":"De Schoulepnikoff, Paulin"},{"first_name":"Jörg","full_name":"Schmiedmayer, Jörg","last_name":"Schmiedmayer"},{"last_name":"Muñoz-Gil","full_name":"Muñoz-Gil, Gorka","first_name":"Gorka"}],"publication":"Physical Review Research","abstract":[{"text":"Analog quantum simulators provide access to many-body dynamics beyond the reach of classical computation. However, extracting physical insights from experimental data is often hindered by measurement noise, limited observables, and incomplete knowledge of the underlying microscopic model. Here, we develop a machine learning approach based on a variational autoencoder (VAE) to analyze interference measurements of tunnel-coupled one-dimensional Bose gases, which realize the sine-Gordon quantum field theory. Trained in an unsupervised manner, the VAE learns a minimal latent representation that strongly correlates with the equilibrium control parameter of the system. Applied to nonequilibrium protocols, the latent space uncovers signatures of frozen-in solitons following rapid cooling, and reveals anomalous postquench dynamics not captured by conventional correlation-based methods. These results demonstrate that generative models can extract physically interpretable variables directly from noisy and sparse experimental data, providing complementary probes of equilibrium and nonequilibrium physics in quantum simulators. More broadly, our work highlights how machine learning can supplement established field-theoretical techniques, paving the way for scalable, data-driven discovery in quantum many-body systems.","lang":"eng"}],"OA_place":"publisher","PlanS_conform":"1","acknowledgement":"We thank Sebastian Erne and Igor Mazets for helpful discussions and sharing codes for the transfer matrix sampling. This research was funded in part by the European Research Council: ERC Advanced Grant “Emergence in Quantum Physics” (EmQ) under Grant Agreement No. 101097858 and ERC Advanced Grant “Artificial agency and learning in quantum environments” (QuantAI) under Grant Agreement No. 101055129. This work was also supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (SFB BeyondC F7102, 10.55776/F71). G.F.-F. acknowledges the European Research Council AdG NOQIA; MCIN/AEI [PGC2018-0910.13039/501100011033, CEX2019-000910-S/10.13039/501100011033, Plan National FIDEUA PID2019-106901GB-I00, Plan National STAMEENA PID2022-139099NB, I00, project funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR” (PRTR-C17.I1), FPI]; QUANTERA DYNAMITE PCI2022-132919 under Grant Agreement No. 101017733; Ministry for Digital Transformation and of Civil Service of the Spanish Government through the QUANTUM ENIA project call—Quantum Spain project, and by the European Union through the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan—NextGenerationEU within the framework of the Digital Spain 2026 Agenda; Fundació Cellex; Fundació Mir-Puig; Generalitat de Catalunya (European Social Fund FEDER and CERCA program); Barcelona Supercomputing Center MareNostrum (FI-2023-3-0024); (HORIZON-CL4-2022-QUANTUM-02-SGA PASQuanS2.1, 101113690, EU Horizon 2020 FET-OPEN OPTOlogic, Grant No. 899794, QU-ATTO, 101168628), EU Horizon Europe Program (This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 101080086 NeQST); ICFO Internal “QuantumGaudi” project. This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [10.55776/COE1] through the Cluster of Excellence quantA (Quantum Science Austria).\r\n\r\nThe views and opinions expressed in this article are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council—neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","citation":{"apa":"Moller, F. S., Fernández-Fernández, G., Schweigler, T., De Schoulepnikoff, P., Schmiedmayer, J., &#38; Muñoz-Gil, G. (2026). Learning minimal representations of many-body physics from snapshots of a quantum simulator. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/r7pj-gl7r\">https://doi.org/10.1103/r7pj-gl7r</a>","ama":"Moller FS, Fernández-Fernández G, Schweigler T, De Schoulepnikoff P, Schmiedmayer J, Muñoz-Gil G. Learning minimal representations of many-body physics from snapshots of a quantum simulator. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2026;8(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/r7pj-gl7r\">10.1103/r7pj-gl7r</a>","short":"F.S. Moller, G. Fernández-Fernández, T. Schweigler, P. De Schoulepnikoff, J. Schmiedmayer, G. Muñoz-Gil, Physical Review Research 8 (2026).","chicago":"Moller, Frederik Skovbo, Gabriel Fernández-Fernández, Thomas Schweigler, Paulin De Schoulepnikoff, Jörg Schmiedmayer, and Gorka Muñoz-Gil. “Learning Minimal Representations of Many-Body Physics from Snapshots of a Quantum Simulator.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/r7pj-gl7r\">https://doi.org/10.1103/r7pj-gl7r</a>.","ista":"Moller FS, Fernández-Fernández G, Schweigler T, De Schoulepnikoff P, Schmiedmayer J, Muñoz-Gil G. 2026. Learning minimal representations of many-body physics from snapshots of a quantum simulator. Physical Review Research. 8(2), 023094.","ieee":"F. S. Moller, G. Fernández-Fernández, T. Schweigler, P. De Schoulepnikoff, J. Schmiedmayer, and G. Muñoz-Gil, “Learning minimal representations of many-body physics from snapshots of a quantum simulator,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 8, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2026.","mla":"Moller, Frederik Skovbo, et al. “Learning Minimal Representations of Many-Body Physics from Snapshots of a Quantum Simulator.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 8, no. 2, 023094, American Physical Society, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/r7pj-gl7r\">10.1103/r7pj-gl7r</a>."},"oa_version":"Published Version","DOAJ_listed":"1","arxiv":1,"_id":"21847","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"023094","issue":"2","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2643-1564"]},"OA_type":"gold","volume":8,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","file":[{"file_id":"21852","date_updated":"2026-05-11T06:56:58Z","date_created":"2026-05-11T06:56:58Z","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2026_PhysicalReviewResearch_Moller.pdf","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","file_size":1829628,"checksum":"dbfc58e1e176f7b63e0d274eb0d1bffa","creator":"dernst"}],"month":"04","file_date_updated":"2026-05-11T06:56:58Z","scopus_import":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","article_type":"original","title":"Learning minimal representations of many-body physics from snapshots of a quantum simulator","department":[{"_id":"EdHa"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2509.13821"]},"doi":"10.1103/r7pj-gl7r","year":"2026","status":"public","intvolume":"         8","date_updated":"2026-05-11T06:58:56Z","date_created":"2026-05-10T22:02:15Z","day":"29","ddc":["530"],"publisher":"American Physical Society"},{"_id":"21848","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.25.661517","open_access":"1"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-202X"],"eissn":["1523-1747"]},"OA_type":"green","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication_status":"inpress","citation":{"short":"K. Klein, L. Johnson, R. Rîca, M. Sarcevic, G. Carta, S. Seiser, A. Elbe-Bürger, F. Langer, N. Rahhal, C. Rademacher, R. Wawrzinek, F. Quattrone, F. Sparber, Journal of Investigative Dermatology (n.d.).","ama":"Klein K, Johnson L, Rîca R, et al. Langerhans cell–targeted mRNA delivery: A strategy for dose-sparing and enhanced antitumor immunity. <i>Journal of Investigative Dermatology</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2026.03.026\">10.1016/j.jid.2026.03.026</a>","chicago":"Klein, Klara, Litty Johnson, Ramona Rîca, Mirza Sarcevic, Gabriele Carta, Saskia Seiser, Adelheid Elbe-Bürger, et al. “Langerhans Cell–Targeted MRNA Delivery: A Strategy for Dose-Sparing and Enhanced Antitumor Immunity.” <i>Journal of Investigative Dermatology</i>. Elsevier, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2026.03.026\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2026.03.026</a>.","apa":"Klein, K., Johnson, L., Rîca, R., Sarcevic, M., Carta, G., Seiser, S., … Sparber, F. (n.d.). Langerhans cell–targeted mRNA delivery: A strategy for dose-sparing and enhanced antitumor immunity. <i>Journal of Investigative Dermatology</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2026.03.026\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2026.03.026</a>","ieee":"K. Klein <i>et al.</i>, “Langerhans cell–targeted mRNA delivery: A strategy for dose-sparing and enhanced antitumor immunity,” <i>Journal of Investigative Dermatology</i>. Elsevier.","mla":"Klein, Klara, et al. “Langerhans Cell–Targeted MRNA Delivery: A Strategy for Dose-Sparing and Enhanced Antitumor Immunity.” <i>Journal of Investigative Dermatology</i>, Elsevier, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2026.03.026\">10.1016/j.jid.2026.03.026</a>.","ista":"Klein K, Johnson L, Rîca R, Sarcevic M, Carta G, Seiser S, Elbe-Bürger A, Langer F, Rahhal N, Rademacher C, Wawrzinek R, Quattrone F, Sparber F. Langerhans cell–targeted mRNA delivery: A strategy for dose-sparing and enhanced antitumor immunity. Journal of Investigative Dermatology."},"acknowledgement":"We thank Mareike Rentzsch for her intellectual contributions during the course of our discussions. We thank Michael Schunn from the Preclinical Facility of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria for his continuous technical support. Guarantor of the work is FS. This project was supported by “Seedfinancing” (P2282679) of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Digital and Economic Affairs and the Ministry of Climate Action and Energy, handled by the Austrian Wirtschaftsservice, as well as by...","oa_version":"Preprint","author":[{"full_name":"Klein, Klara","first_name":"Klara","last_name":"Klein"},{"first_name":"Litty","full_name":"Johnson, Litty","last_name":"Johnson"},{"first_name":"Ramona","full_name":"Rîca, Ramona","last_name":"Rîca"},{"full_name":"Sarcevic, Mirza","first_name":"Mirza","last_name":"Sarcevic"},{"last_name":"Carta","full_name":"Carta, Gabriele","first_name":"Gabriele"},{"last_name":"Seiser","first_name":"Saskia","full_name":"Seiser, Saskia"},{"first_name":"Adelheid","full_name":"Elbe-Bürger, Adelheid","last_name":"Elbe-Bürger"},{"last_name":"Langer","first_name":"Freyja","full_name":"Langer, Freyja","id":"3C1BE782-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Rahhal","first_name":"Nowras","full_name":"Rahhal, Nowras"},{"last_name":"Rademacher","first_name":"Christoph","full_name":"Rademacher, Christoph"},{"last_name":"Wawrzinek","full_name":"Wawrzinek, Robert","first_name":"Robert"},{"last_name":"Quattrone","first_name":"Federica","full_name":"Quattrone, Federica"},{"full_name":"Sparber, Florian","first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Sparber"}],"publication":"Journal of Investigative Dermatology","date_published":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"abstract":[{"text":"Despite the success of mRNA therapeutics, challenges remain in optimizing immune responses and minimizing side effects. Cell-specific antigen delivery may help reduce required doses and improve vaccine efficacy. In this study, we report on a targeted delivery system for mRNA to a specific subset of skin-resident antigen-presenting cells: Langerhans cells. By functionalizing lipid nanoparticles with a langerin-specific glycomimetic ligand, we achieve selective mRNA delivery to both murine and human primary Langerhans cells with minimal off-target uptake, at the same time resulting in significantly increased mRNA translation. This targeted mRNA delivery not only enhances antigen presentation and T-cell responses but also enables dose-sparing and superior antitumor immunity compared with conventional immunization in a B16-OVA tumor model. Importantly, our platform’s high compatibility with various lipid nanoparticle formulations offers a flexible and precise tool for skin-directed mRNA delivery.","lang":"eng"}],"OA_place":"repository","publisher":"Elsevier","status":"public","day":"07","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"PreCl"}],"date_updated":"2026-05-11T06:07:32Z","date_created":"2026-05-10T22:02:16Z","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Langerhans cell–targeted mRNA delivery: A strategy for dose-sparing and enhanced antitumor immunity","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"PreCl"}],"year":"2026","doi":"10.1016/j.jid.2026.03.026","month":"04","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","scopus_import":"1"},{"oa":1,"date_published":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","publication":"Nature Physics","author":[{"full_name":"Olmeda, Fabrizio","id":"69dbf5fb-8a76-11ed-866b-fb486d8b5689","first_name":"Fabrizio","last_name":"Olmeda"},{"full_name":"Lohoff, Tim","first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Lohoff"},{"last_name":"Kafetzopoulos","first_name":"Ioannis","full_name":"Kafetzopoulos, Ioannis"},{"last_name":"Clark","first_name":"Stephen J.","full_name":"Clark, Stephen J."},{"full_name":"Benson, Laura","first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Benson"},{"last_name":"Santos","full_name":"Santos, Fatima","first_name":"Fatima"},{"first_name":"Felix","full_name":"Krueger, Felix","last_name":"Krueger"},{"last_name":"Walker","first_name":"Simon","full_name":"Walker, Simon"},{"full_name":"Reik, Wolf","first_name":"Wolf","last_name":"Reik"},{"last_name":"Rulands","full_name":"Rulands, Steffen","first_name":"Steffen"}],"abstract":[{"text":"The development of complex tissues relies on the precise assignment of cell identity. At the molecular scale, this process depends on the deposition of epigenetic modifications—such as methylation—that are regulated by complex biochemical networks and occur at specific regions on the DNA and chromatin. Here we show that despite the complexity of epigenetic regulation, dynamical scaling and self-similarity of DNA methylation marks emerge in embryonic development. Drawing on single-cell multi-omics experiments, super-resolution microscopy and statistical physics, we demonstrate that these phenomena originate in dynamical feedback between DNA methylation and the formation of nanoscale dynamic chromatin aggregates. These nanoscale processes lead to genome-wide increase in DNA methylation marks following a power law and self-similar correlation functions. Using this framework, we identify methylation patterns that precede gene expression changes in embryonic symmetry breaking. Our work identifies linear sequencing measurements as a laboratory to study mesoscopic biophysical processes in vivo.","lang":"eng"}],"PlanS_conform":"1","OA_place":"publisher","quality_controlled":"1","acknowledgement":"We thank all members of the W.R. and S.R. laboratories, F. Piazza, B. D. Simons, and F. Jülicher for helpful discussions. We thank M. Ciarchi for providing annotations for the chromatin compartments. S.R. is a member of the Center for Nano Science (CeNS). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement number 950349). Research in W.R.’s laboratory was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/K010867/1), Wellcome (095645/Z/11/Z) and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (EpiCell lineage 882798). F.O. received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement number 101034413. Open access funding provided by Max Planck Society.","citation":{"ama":"Olmeda F, Lohoff T, Kafetzopoulos I, et al. Scaling and self-similarity in the formation of the embryonic epigenome. <i>Nature Physics</i>. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03263-x\">10.1038/s41567-026-03263-x</a>","short":"F. Olmeda, T. Lohoff, I. Kafetzopoulos, S.J. Clark, L. Benson, F. Santos, F. Krueger, S. Walker, W. Reik, S. Rulands, Nature Physics (2026).","chicago":"Olmeda, Fabrizio, Tim Lohoff, Ioannis Kafetzopoulos, Stephen J. Clark, Laura Benson, Fatima Santos, Felix Krueger, Simon Walker, Wolf Reik, and Steffen Rulands. “Scaling and Self-Similarity in the Formation of the Embryonic Epigenome.” <i>Nature Physics</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03263-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03263-x</a>.","apa":"Olmeda, F., Lohoff, T., Kafetzopoulos, I., Clark, S. J., Benson, L., Santos, F., … Rulands, S. (2026). Scaling and self-similarity in the formation of the embryonic epigenome. <i>Nature Physics</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03263-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03263-x</a>","mla":"Olmeda, Fabrizio, et al. “Scaling and Self-Similarity in the Formation of the Embryonic Epigenome.” <i>Nature Physics</i>, Springer Nature, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03263-x\">10.1038/s41567-026-03263-x</a>.","ieee":"F. Olmeda <i>et al.</i>, “Scaling and self-similarity in the formation of the embryonic epigenome,” <i>Nature Physics</i>. Springer Nature, 2026.","ista":"Olmeda F, Lohoff T, Kafetzopoulos I, Clark SJ, Benson L, Santos F, Krueger F, Walker S, Reik W, Rulands S. 2026. Scaling and self-similarity in the formation of the embryonic epigenome. Nature Physics."},"publication_status":"epub_ahead","oa_version":"Published Version","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03263-x","open_access":"1"}],"_id":"21849","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"OA_type":"hybrid","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1745-2473"],"eissn":["1745-2481"]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"04","has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1","title":"Scaling and self-similarity in the formation of the embryonic epigenome","department":[{"_id":"EdHa"}],"article_type":"original","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"doi":"10.1038/s41567-026-03263-x","year":"2026","status":"public","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"101034413","name":"IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program","_id":"fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c"}],"date_created":"2026-05-10T22:02:16Z","date_updated":"2026-05-11T06:22:47Z","day":"29","publisher":"Springer Nature","ddc":["570"],"ec_funded":1},{"_id":"21854","type":"dissertation","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"14771"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"18121"},{"id":"21858","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"},{"id":"21859","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"21857"}]},"degree_awarded":"PhD","acknowledgement":"The research in this Ph.D. was funded in whole\r\nor in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) W1260-N35 (Vienna Graduate School for\r\nComputational Optimization). For open access purposes the author has applied a CC BY\r\npublic copyright license to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission\r\nwherever possible. Additionally, I am grateful to Alois Schlögl, Waleed Khalid, and the rest of\r\nthe ISTA Scientific Computing team for building and maintaining the infrastructure I used\r\nto run experiments. I’m also deeply grateful to the Alistarh group’s administrative assistant,\r\nChristine Francois, who always deals with our nonsense with common sense and a smile.\r\n","publication_status":"published","citation":{"ista":"Iofinova EB. 2026. On the utility and effects of efficiency in artificial neural networks. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ieee":"E. B. Iofinova, “On the utility and effects of efficiency in artificial neural networks,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","mla":"Iofinova, Eugenia B. <i>On the Utility and Effects of Efficiency in Artificial Neural Networks</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854</a>.","apa":"Iofinova, E. B. (2026). <i>On the utility and effects of efficiency in artificial neural networks</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854</a>","ama":"Iofinova EB. On the utility and effects of efficiency in artificial neural networks. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854</a>","chicago":"Iofinova, Eugenia B. “On the Utility and Effects of Efficiency in Artificial Neural Networks.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854</a>.","short":"E.B. Iofinova, On the Utility and Effects of Efficiency in Artificial Neural Networks, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026."},"oa_version":"Published Version","date_published":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"author":[{"full_name":"Iofinova, Eugenia B","id":"f9a17499-f6e0-11ea-865d-fdf9a3f77117","first_name":"Eugenia B","orcid":"0000-0002-7778-3221","last_name":"Iofinova"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"As neural-network-based models grow both in size and popularity, interest has grown in making the models smaller and more efficient to train. To that end, many methods have been proposed to prune models by reducing their number of nonzero parameters. Additionally, parameter-efficient fine-tuning, in which a much smaller number of parameters than the total contained in the model is updated during training, has become very popular, especially in the space of Large Language Models. At the same time, the increasingly routine deployment of machine learning in real-world applications has spurred a drive to make them more trustworthy - in the sense of, among other things, being unbiased, interpretable, and editable. In this thesis, we examine the interplay between efficiency and trustworthiness.\r\n\r\nFirst, we analyze the effects of model pruning on bias in computer vision models, demonstrating that increased sparsity leads to greater bias, largely as a function of increased model uncertainty in marginal cases. Based on this observation, we propose several bias mitigation techniques. Then, we demonstrate that example-specific model pruning can improve model interpretation methods while improving pruning efficiency to make example-specific model pruning feasible in real time. Then, we investigate the effectiveness of parameter-efficient and data-efficient model personalization via fine-tuning, demonstrating that it is highly feasible with very small computational and data resources. Finally, we consider efficiency in editing model knowledge using a custom synthetic data framework, demonstrating that parameter-efficient, low-rank fine-tuning frequently outperforms full-rank fine-tuning, and, additionally, that restricting which model blocks are fine-tuned frequently improves results. Together, the results in this thesis provide new insights and techniques for combining trustworthiness and efficiency during neural network inference and training.\r\n\r\n-----------------“In reference to IEEE copyrighted material which is used with permission in this thesis, the IEEE does not endorse any of [name of university or educational entity]’s products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. If interested in reprinting/republishing IEEE copyrighted material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution, please go to http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/rights_link.html to learn how to obtain a License from RightsLink. If applicable, University Microfilms and/or ProQuest Library, or the Archives of Canada may supply single copies of the dissertation.”"}],"OA_place":"publisher","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","ddc":["000"],"status":"public","project":[{"_id":"9B9290DE-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","grant_number":"W1260-N35","name":"Vienna Graduate School on Computational Optimization"}],"date_updated":"2026-05-19T11:20:28Z","date_created":"2026-05-11T08:43:22Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"day":"11","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"DaAl"}],"title":"On the utility and effects of efficiency in artificial neural networks","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-21854","year":"2026","page":"237","file":[{"file_size":28479571,"creator":"eiofinov","checksum":"2e148dad920e3f9b7c32796e0ba2e5f7","date_updated":"2026-05-11T08:36:01Z","date_created":"2026-05-11T08:36:01Z","file_id":"21856","content_type":"application/zip","relation":"source_file","file_name":"EIofinova_thesis_FinalVersion.zip","access_level":"closed"},{"relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2026_Iofinova_Eugenia_Thesis.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"date_created":"2026-05-13T13:10:48Z","date_updated":"2026-05-13T13:10:48Z","file_id":"21877","creator":"eiofinov","checksum":"b10c2933f386f532b2dbf28b19c5525c","file_size":18137757}],"supervisor":[{"first_name":"Dan-Adrian","full_name":"Alistarh, Dan-Adrian","id":"4A899BFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Alistarh","orcid":"0000-0003-3650-940X"}],"corr_author":"1","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","file_date_updated":"2026-05-13T13:10:48Z","month":"05","has_accepted_license":"1"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"conference_poster","article_number":"81","OA_type":"green","_id":"21857","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://openreview.net/pdf?id=soFWnTqd23","open_access":"1"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"21854","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"keyword":["LLMs","PEFT","LoRA","personalization","efficient ML"],"oa_version":"Accepted Version","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","citation":{"ieee":"A. Nicolicioiu <i>et al.</i>, <i>Panza: Investigating the feasibility of fully-local personalized text generation</i>. OpenReview, 2026.","mla":"Nicolicioiu, Armand, et al. “Panza: Investigating the Feasibility of Fully-Local Personalized Text Generation.” <i>Third Conference on Parsimony and Learning (Proceedings Track)</i>, 81, OpenReview, 2026.","ista":"Nicolicioiu A, Iofinova EB, Jovanovic A, Kurtic E, Nikdan M, Panferov A, Markov I, Shavit N, Alistarh D-A. 2026. Panza: Investigating the feasibility of fully-local personalized text generation, OpenReview,p.","ama":"Nicolicioiu A, Iofinova EB, Jovanovic A, et al. <i>Panza: Investigating the Feasibility of Fully-Local Personalized Text Generation</i>. OpenReview; 2026.","chicago":"Nicolicioiu, Armand, Eugenia B Iofinova, Andrej Jovanovic, Eldar Kurtic, Mahdi Nikdan, Andrei Panferov, Ilia Markov, Nir Shavit, and Dan-Adrian Alistarh. <i>Panza: Investigating the Feasibility of Fully-Local Personalized Text Generation</i>. <i>Third Conference on Parsimony and Learning (Proceedings Track)</i>. OpenReview, 2026.","short":"A. Nicolicioiu, E.B. Iofinova, A. Jovanovic, E. Kurtic, M. Nikdan, A. Panferov, I. Markov, N. Shavit, D.-A. Alistarh, Panza: Investigating the Feasibility of Fully-Local Personalized Text Generation, OpenReview, 2026.","apa":"Nicolicioiu, A., Iofinova, E. B., Jovanovic, A., Kurtic, E., Nikdan, M., Panferov, A., … Alistarh, D.-A. (2026). <i>Panza: Investigating the feasibility of fully-local personalized text generation</i>. <i>Third Conference on Parsimony and Learning (Proceedings Track)</i>. Tübíngen, Germany: OpenReview."},"OA_place":"publisher","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The availability of powerful open-source large language models (LLMs) opens exciting use cases, such as using personal data to fine-tune these models to imitate a user’s unique writing style. Two key requirements for this functionality are personalization–in the sense that the output should recognizably reflect the user’s own writing style—and privacy–users may justifiably be wary of uploading extremely personal data, such as their email archive, to a third-party service. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of training and running such an assistant, which we call Panza, on commodity hardware, for the specific use case of email generation. Panza’s personalization features are based on a combination of parameter-efficient fine-tuning using a variant of the Reverse Instructions technique [1] and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) [2]. We demonstrate that this combination allows us to fine-tune an LLM to reflect a user’s writing style using limited data, while executing on extremely limited resources, e.g. on a free Google Colab instance. Our key methodological contribution is the first detailed study of evaluation metrics for this task, and\r\nof how different choices of system components–the use of RAG and of different fine-tuning approaches–impact the system’s performance. Additionally, we demonstrate that very little data - under 100 email samples - are sufficient to create models that convincingly imitate humans, showcasing a previously unknown attack vector in language models. We are releasing the full Panza code as well as three new email datasets licensed for research use."}],"oa":1,"date_published":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Nicolicioiu, Armand","first_name":"Armand","last_name":"Nicolicioiu"},{"last_name":"Iofinova","orcid":"0000-0002-7778-3221","first_name":"Eugenia B","id":"f9a17499-f6e0-11ea-865d-fdf9a3f77117","full_name":"Iofinova, Eugenia B"},{"last_name":"Jovanovic","first_name":"Andrej","full_name":"Jovanovic, Andrej"},{"last_name":"Kurtic","id":"47beb3a5-07b5-11eb-9b87-b108ec578218","full_name":"Kurtic, Eldar","first_name":"Eldar"},{"id":"66374281-f394-11eb-9cf6-869147deecc0","full_name":"Nikdan, Mahdi","first_name":"Mahdi","last_name":"Nikdan"},{"last_name":"Panferov","full_name":"Panferov, Andrei","id":"2c18daae-4dbe-11ef-8491-98ce2d960f09","first_name":"Andrei"},{"id":"D0CF4148-C985-11E9-8066-0BDEE5697425","full_name":"Markov, Ilia","first_name":"Ilia","last_name":"Markov"},{"first_name":"Nir","full_name":"Shavit, Nir","last_name":"Shavit"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-3650-940X","last_name":"Alistarh","full_name":"Alistarh, Dan-Adrian","id":"4A899BFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Dan-Adrian"}],"publication":"Third Conference on Parsimony and Learning (Proceedings Track)","publisher":"OpenReview","date_updated":"2026-05-19T11:20:27Z","date_created":"2026-05-11T08:50:28Z","conference":{"name":"CPAL: Conference on Parsimony and Learning","start_date":"2026-03-23","end_date":"2026-03-26","location":"Tübíngen, Germany"},"day":"06","status":"public","year":"2026","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"DaAl"}],"title":"Panza: Investigating the feasibility of fully-local personalized text generation","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","corr_author":"1","month":"03"},{"oa_version":"Preprint","publication_status":"draft","citation":{"ista":"Iofinova EB, Alistarh D-A. Behemoth: Benchmarking unlearning in LLMs using fully synthetic data. arXiv, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.23153\">10.48550/arXiv.2601.23153</a>.","ieee":"E. B. Iofinova and D.-A. Alistarh, “Behemoth: Benchmarking unlearning in LLMs using fully synthetic data,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","mla":"Iofinova, Eugenia B., and Dan-Adrian Alistarh. “Behemoth: Benchmarking Unlearning in LLMs Using Fully Synthetic Data.” <i>ArXiv</i>, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.23153\">10.48550/arXiv.2601.23153</a>.","apa":"Iofinova, E. B., &#38; Alistarh, D.-A. (n.d.). Behemoth: Benchmarking unlearning in LLMs using fully synthetic data. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.23153\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.23153</a>","chicago":"Iofinova, Eugenia B, and Dan-Adrian Alistarh. “Behemoth: Benchmarking Unlearning in LLMs Using Fully Synthetic Data.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.23153\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.23153</a>.","short":"E.B. Iofinova, D.-A. Alistarh, ArXiv (n.d.).","ama":"Iofinova EB, Alistarh D-A. Behemoth: Benchmarking unlearning in LLMs using fully synthetic data. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.23153\">10.48550/arXiv.2601.23153</a>"},"acknowledgement":"EI thanks Weiwei Yang, Janardhan Kulkani, and Kate Lytvynets for their advice and support in\r\ndeveloping an earlier version of the Behemoth library. This research was supported by the Scientific\r\nService Units (SSU) of IST Austria through resources provided by Scientific Computing (SciComp).\r\nEI was supported in part by the FWF DK VGSCO, grant agreement number W1260-N35.\r\n","OA_place":"repository","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"As artificial neural networks, and specifically large language models, have improved rapidly in capabilities and quality, they have increasingly been deployed in real-world applications, from customer service to Google search, despite the fact that they frequently make factually incorrect or undesirable statements. This trend has inspired practical and academic interest in model editing, that is, in adjusting the weights of the model to modify its likely outputs for queries relating to a specific fact or set of facts. This may be done either to amend a fact or set of facts, for instance, to fix a frequent error in the training data, or to suppress a fact or set of facts entirely, for instance, in case of dangerous knowledge. Multiple methods have been proposed to do such edits. However, at the same time, it has been shown that such model editing can be brittle and incomplete. Moreover the effectiveness of any model editing method necessarily depends on the data on which the model is trained, and, therefore, a good understanding of the interaction of the training data distribution and the way it is stored in the network is necessary and helpful to reliably perform model editing. However, working with large language models trained on real-world data does not allow us to understand this relationship or fully measure the effects of model editing. We therefore propose Behemoth, a fully synthetic data generation framework. To demonstrate the practical insights from the framework, we explore model editing in the context of simple tabular data, demonstrating surprising findings that, in some cases, echo real-world results, for instance, that in some cases restricting the update rank results in a more effective update."}],"publication":"arXiv","author":[{"last_name":"Iofinova","orcid":"0000-0002-7778-3221","first_name":"Eugenia B","id":"f9a17499-f6e0-11ea-865d-fdf9a3f77117","full_name":"Iofinova, Eugenia B"},{"id":"4A899BFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Alistarh, Dan-Adrian","first_name":"Dan-Adrian","orcid":"0000-0003-3650-940X","last_name":"Alistarh"}],"date_published":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"OA_type":"green","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"preprint","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.23153"}],"_id":"21859","arxiv":1,"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"21854"}]},"year":"2026","external_id":{"arxiv":["2601.23153"]},"doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2601.23153","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Behemoth: Benchmarking unlearning in LLMs using fully synthetic data","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"DaAl"}],"month":"01","corr_author":"1","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","day":"30","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"date_created":"2026-05-11T08:58:07Z","date_updated":"2026-05-19T11:20:27Z","project":[{"name":"Vienna Graduate School on Computational Optimization","grant_number":"W1260-N35","_id":"9B9290DE-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"}],"status":"public"},{"doi":"10.1242/jcs.264420","external_id":{"pmid":["41834724"]},"year":"2026","title":"α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity modulates glutamate excitotoxicity via metabotropic regulation of NMDA receptors in primary cultures","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"Bio"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1","file":[{"success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"21861","date_updated":"2026-05-12T06:27:54Z","date_created":"2026-05-12T06:27:54Z","file_name":"2026_JourCellScience_Goeschl.pdf","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","checksum":"8db35c97588c2f6ef88c7e8d5924cf8c","creator":"dernst","file_size":1957057}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","file_date_updated":"2026-05-12T06:27:54Z","month":"04","publisher":"The Company of Biologists","ddc":["570"],"date_created":"2026-05-11T10:52:27Z","date_updated":"2026-05-12T06:40:18Z","day":"27","status":"public","intvolume":"       139","oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledgement":"The technical assistance by Tanja Wagner and Elena Lilliu is gratefully acknowledged. This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (P36145 to H.K., PAT8605623 to M.H. and P33799 to A.V.K.]. Open Access funding provided by Medical University of Vienna and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF). Deposited in PMC for immediate release.","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","citation":{"ieee":"V. Goeschl <i>et al.</i>, “α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity modulates glutamate excitotoxicity via metabotropic regulation of NMDA receptors in primary cultures,” <i>Journal of Cell Science</i>, vol. 139, no. 8. The Company of Biologists, 2026.","mla":"Goeschl, Vanessa, et al. “α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex Activity Modulates Glutamate Excitotoxicity via Metabotropic Regulation of NMDA Receptors in Primary Cultures.” <i>Journal of Cell Science</i>, vol. 139, no. 8, jcs264420, The Company of Biologists, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.264420\">10.1242/jcs.264420</a>.","ista":"Goeschl V, Hotka M, Hochreiter B, Hilber K, Boehm S, Kozlov AV, Kubista H. 2026. α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity modulates glutamate excitotoxicity via metabotropic regulation of NMDA receptors in primary cultures. Journal of Cell Science. 139(8), jcs264420.","ama":"Goeschl V, Hotka M, Hochreiter B, et al. α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity modulates glutamate excitotoxicity via metabotropic regulation of NMDA receptors in primary cultures. <i>Journal of Cell Science</i>. 2026;139(8). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.264420\">10.1242/jcs.264420</a>","chicago":"Goeschl, Vanessa, Matej Hotka, Bernhard Hochreiter, Karlheinz Hilber, Stefan Boehm, Andrey V. Kozlov, and Helmut Kubista. “α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex Activity Modulates Glutamate Excitotoxicity via Metabotropic Regulation of NMDA Receptors in Primary Cultures.” <i>Journal of Cell Science</i>. The Company of Biologists, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.264420\">https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.264420</a>.","short":"V. Goeschl, M. Hotka, B. Hochreiter, K. Hilber, S. Boehm, A.V. Kozlov, H. Kubista, Journal of Cell Science 139 (2026).","apa":"Goeschl, V., Hotka, M., Hochreiter, B., Hilber, K., Boehm, S., Kozlov, A. V., &#38; Kubista, H. (2026). α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity modulates glutamate excitotoxicity via metabotropic regulation of NMDA receptors in primary cultures. <i>Journal of Cell Science</i>. The Company of Biologists. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.264420\">https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.264420</a>"},"OA_place":"publisher","abstract":[{"text":"Glutamate excitotoxicity is a cell death mechanism triggered by accumulation of glutamate in the extracellular space. The α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (αKGDHC), an enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, represents a branching point controlling glutamate formation and its consumption as a fuel. Hence, modulation of the activity of αKGDHC might alter the amount of glutamate available for excitotoxic effects. To address this hypothesis, hippocampal neurons in primary co-culture with glial cells were exposed to zero-Mg2 buffer to elicit excitotoxicity through N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor disinhibition. Pretreatment of the cultures with succinyl phosphonate, to inhibit αKGDHC, enhanced excitotoxity, whereas promotion of αKGDHC activity by pretreatment with thiamine caused an opposite action. Moreover, NMDA receptor currents – but not those mediated by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors – were potentiated in neurons with impaired αKGDHC activity and diminished in neurons with boosted αKGDHC activity. The sensitization of NMDA receptors involved mGluR1 activation and was accompanied by enhanced neuronal discharge activity, elevated basal cytosolic Ca2+ levels, and augmented Ca2+ responses evoked by glutamate application. These results suggest that mGluR1-mediated potentiation of NMDA receptors contributes to a mechanism by which inhibition of αKGDHC might exacerbate glutamate excitotoxicity.","lang":"eng"}],"PlanS_conform":"1","date_published":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"publication":"Journal of Cell Science","author":[{"full_name":"Goeschl, Vanessa","first_name":"Vanessa","last_name":"Goeschl"},{"last_name":"Hotka","first_name":"Matej","full_name":"Hotka, Matej"},{"full_name":"Hochreiter, Bernhard","id":"e6cab3de-17f6-11ed-9210-c1e42e045e9d","first_name":"Bernhard","last_name":"Hochreiter"},{"last_name":"Hilber","first_name":"Karlheinz","full_name":"Hilber, Karlheinz"},{"last_name":"Boehm","full_name":"Boehm, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan"},{"last_name":"Kozlov","full_name":"Kozlov, Andrey V.","first_name":"Andrey V."},{"first_name":"Helmut","full_name":"Kubista, Helmut","last_name":"Kubista"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","pmid":1,"OA_type":"hybrid","volume":139,"issue":"8","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1477-9137"],"issn":["0021-9533"]},"article_number":"jcs264420","_id":"21860"},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Atoms and photons, two things so different but yet so alike. The former, the building block of matter, something we learn about in school and imagine it as some tiny marbles encircled by other tinier marbles. The latter, an electromagnetic wave, a light particle or an excitation of the electromagnetic field. Quantum mechanics tells us about the properties of these two entities. And even if it sounds, looks and writes counter-intuitive, it has proven right for over a century now.\r\n\r\nIn this work, I elaborate on how we tested the laws of quantum mechanics and how we used them learn more about the tiny building blocks of nature and the fields they use to talk to each other. The atoms we use, are artificial. Superconducting qubits, small electrical circuits with quantized energy levels behave like electrons that transition between different orbitals in an atom. One of the qubits' advantages, is also a big disadvantage. We design the circuits' energy levels and fabricate them in a cleanroom. This allows for arbitrary spaced energy levels but in contrast to real atoms, prevents two superconducting qubits from being alike. Still, this qubit platform is one of the frontrunners for future quantum computing technology and testing fundamental physics due to their scalability.\r\n\r\nWe interface superconducting qubits, which operate in the GHz regime, with microwave photons. We use 3D aluminum cavities as mediators between qubits and photons. The cavities allow for non-destructive readout of the qubit state, they shield the qubits from noise at the qubit frequency and they give us an easy way to frequency-tune these joint systems.\r\n\r\nWe need to operate superconducting qubits and their cavities at millikelvin temperatures in dilution refrigerators. At higher temperatures, superconductivity suffers and even worse, the environment is filled with thermal noise photons. This poses a fundamental limitation on the scalability of superconducting qubit devices. Also connecting multiple devices in different fridges does not work over room temperature links because the microwave photons used for this purpose will be covered in noise and the quantum information they carry, will be unusable.\r\n\r\nInfrared photons do not suffer from this noise problem since there are close to zero thermal noise photons at their frequencies at room temperature. We cannot simply interface superconducting devices with optical photons due their frequency mismatch and the destructive effect of optical photons on superconductors. Therefore, we use microwave-to-optics transducers that allow to convert microwave photons into optical ones and vice-versa. The transducers that we use are macroscopic electro-optic transducers using the Pockels effect in a disk-shaped Lithium Niobate whispering gallery mode resonator. By using a strong optical pump, photons from the two frequency domains experience a beam-splitter interaction and get converted from one to the other.\r\n\r\nWe measure the generated optical photons using elaborate optical setups, optical heterodyning and single photon detectors to gain knowledge about the qubit state or the converted microwave photons. Bridging the microwave and the optical world allows us to take advantage of both of their strengths but it also requires deep knowledge about both of their working principles.\r\n\r\nIn this work, we describe two experiments that our group conducted to showcase the opportunities that arise from interfacing superconducting qubits with optical photons but also the pitfalls, one may encounter on the way.\r\n\r\nIn the first experiment, we managed to all-optically read out a superconducting qubit. We show that the assignment fidelity, the probability that a measurement of the qubit state matches the prepared state, is close to equal for all-optical, microwave-to-optics and conventional microwave readout. We show T1 and T2 measurements for all three readout types and give an analysis of the noise caused by the optics. Finally, we show that the infrared light does not affect the qubit performance in a negative way but that the heating it causes does. This is an important insight that we used in the next experiment.\r\n\r\nThe second experiment is the upconversion of itinerant single microwave photons to the optical domain. We show that we can generate single microwave photons from a qubit-cavity system. We upconvert these single photons, measure them with a single photon detector and reconstruct their shape. By conducting a single photon Rabi measurement, we show correlations between the microwave and the optical domain. And by thorough signal-to-noise measurements and noise analysis, we find that we can generate single infrared photons with high signal-to-noise ratio 5.1 and low transducer added noise (<0.012 quanta). We show that this measurement creates a path towards entanglement of a superconducting qubit and an optical photon and what parameters need to be improved to achieve it. Additionally, this experiment is a proof of principle for an on-demand infrared single photon source. More generally, it allows to link microwave quantum technology in general to the optical domain."}],"OA_place":"publisher","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"oa":1,"date_published":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","author":[{"first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Werner, Thomas","id":"1fcd8497-dba3-11ea-a45e-c6fbd715f7c7","last_name":"Werner","orcid":"0009-0001-2346-5236"}],"keyword":["Superconducting qubits","Quantum optics","Single photons and quantum effects","Nonlinear optics"],"oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledgement":"The author of this work was supported by the European Research Council under grant no.\r\n101089099 (ERC CoG cQEO) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation\r\nprogram under grant no. 899354 (FETopen SuperQuLAN).\r\nThis work was also supported by the European Research Council under grant nos. 758053\r\n(ERC StG QUNNECT), 101248662 (ERC POC CoupledEOT), and the European Innovation\r\nCouncil no. 101187231 (PathfinderOpen CIELO). This research was funded in whole or in part\r\nby the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [10.55776/F71]. For open access purposes, the author\r\nhas applied a CC BY public copyright license to any author accepted manuscript version arising\r\nfrom this submission.\r\niii\r\nMy co-authors in the works mentioned later acknowledge generous support from the ISTFELLOW program, the NOMIS-ISTA fellowship, the Horizon Europe Program HORIZONCL4-2022-QUANTUM-01-SGA via Project No. 101113946 OpenSuperQPlus100 and a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria.\r\n","citation":{"short":"T. Werner, Interfacing Superconducting Qubits with Optical Photons, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","ama":"Werner T. Interfacing superconducting qubits with optical photons. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863</a>","chicago":"Werner, Thomas. “Interfacing Superconducting Qubits with Optical Photons.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863</a>.","apa":"Werner, T. (2026). <i>Interfacing superconducting qubits with optical photons</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863</a>","ieee":"T. Werner, “Interfacing superconducting qubits with optical photons,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","mla":"Werner, Thomas. <i>Interfacing Superconducting Qubits with Optical Photons</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863</a>.","ista":"Werner T. 2026. Interfacing superconducting qubits with optical photons. Institute of Science and Technology Austria."},"publication_status":"published","degree_awarded":"PhD","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"19073","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"21870"}]},"type":"dissertation","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"_id":"21863","has_accepted_license":"1","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","corr_author":"1","supervisor":[{"id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","first_name":"Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","last_name":"Fink"}],"file":[{"file_id":"21879","date_created":"2026-05-15T15:53:57Z","date_updated":"2026-05-15T15:53:57Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2026_Werner_Thomas_Thesis.pdf","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","file_size":9330516,"checksum":"a5b4d8dba83f96e955a3625c0eebee98","creator":"twerner"},{"creator":"twerner","checksum":"b41282beaacfb32472769b9e3b1758d8","file_size":9370704,"relation":"source_file","access_level":"closed","file_name":"2026_Werner_Thomas_Thesis.zip","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","date_created":"2026-05-15T15:54:06Z","date_updated":"2026-05-15T15:54:06Z","file_id":"21880"}],"month":"05","file_date_updated":"2026-05-15T15:54:06Z","doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-21863","page":"97","year":"2026","title":"Interfacing superconducting qubits with optical photons","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"JoFi"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_processing_charge":"No","date_updated":"2026-05-20T13:35:43Z","date_created":"2026-05-12T09:04:02Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"SSU"}],"day":"12","status":"public","project":[{"_id":"bdadfa0d-d553-11ed-ba76-fb85edbd456a","grant_number":"101089099","name":"Cavity Quantum Electro Optics: Microwave photonics with nonclassical states"},{"_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"899354","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"758053","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"5b807754-ab3d-11f0-914f-ff8c34502cc9","name":"Integrated optical coupling for low loss electro-optic interconnects","grant_number":"101248662"},{"grant_number":"101187231","name":"Cavity-Integrated Electro-Optics: Measuring, Converting and Manipulating Microwaves with Light","_id":"91aaf765-16d5-11f0-9cad-a8e7e44cccb7"},{"_id":"bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f","grant_number":"F07105","name":"QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration of Superconducting Quantum Circuits"},{"_id":"bdb7cfc1-d553-11ed-ba76-d2eaab167738","grant_number":"101080139","name":"Open Superconducting Quantum Computers (OpenSuperQPlus)"},{"name":"NOMIS Fellowship Program","_id":"9B861AAC-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"}],"ec_funded":1,"ddc":["530","537","539"],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria"},{"ec_funded":1,"day":"31","date_updated":"2026-05-20T13:35:42Z","date_created":"2026-05-12T13:58:18Z","project":[{"_id":"bdadfa0d-d553-11ed-ba76-fb85edbd456a","grant_number":"101089099","name":"Cavity Quantum Electro Optics: Microwave photonics with nonclassical states"},{"grant_number":"101248662","name":"Integrated optical coupling for low loss electro-optic interconnects","_id":"5b807754-ab3d-11f0-914f-ff8c34502cc9"},{"_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"899354","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits"},{"_id":"91aaf765-16d5-11f0-9cad-a8e7e44cccb7","name":"Cavity-Integrated Electro-Optics: Measuring, Converting and Manipulating Microwaves with Light","grant_number":"101187231"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"F07105","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"NOMIS Fellowship Program","_id":"9B861AAC-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"}],"status":"public","year":"2026","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928","external_id":{"arxiv":["2602.00928"]},"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"title":"Electro-optic conversion of itinerant Fock states","scopus_import":"1","month":"01","corr_author":"1","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","OA_type":"green","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"preprint","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928"}],"_id":"21870","arxiv":1,"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"21863","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}]},"oa_version":"Preprint","citation":{"short":"T. Werner, E. Riyazi, S. Hawaldar, R. Sahu, G.M. Arnold, P.F.-S. Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker, J.A.S. Naranjo, D. Loi, L.N. Kapoor, M. Zemlicka, L. Qiu, A. Militaru, J.M. Fink, ArXiv (n.d.).","chicago":"Werner, Thomas, Erfan Riyazi, Samarth Hawaldar, Rishabh Sahu, Georg M Arnold, Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker, Jennifer A. Sánchez Naranjo, et al. “Electro-Optic Conversion of Itinerant Fock States.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928</a>.","ama":"Werner T, Riyazi E, Hawaldar S, et al. Electro-optic conversion of itinerant Fock states. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928\">10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928</a>","apa":"Werner, T., Riyazi, E., Hawaldar, S., Sahu, R., Arnold, G. M., Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker, P. F.-S., … Fink, J. M. (n.d.). Electro-optic conversion of itinerant Fock states. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928</a>","ieee":"T. Werner <i>et al.</i>, “Electro-optic conversion of itinerant Fock states,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","mla":"Werner, Thomas, et al. “Electro-Optic Conversion of Itinerant Fock States.” <i>ArXiv</i>, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928\">10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928</a>.","ista":"Werner T, Riyazi E, Hawaldar S, Sahu R, Arnold GM, Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker PF-S, Naranjo JAS, Loi D, Kapoor LN, Zemlicka M, Qiu L, Militaru A, Fink JM. Electro-optic conversion of itinerant Fock states. arXiv, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928\">10.48550/arXiv.2602.00928</a>."},"publication_status":"draft","acknowledgement":"We thank Fritz Diorico and Onur Hosten who suggested the filter cavity design, and gave important insights about the assembly and the testing of the FabryPerot filter cavities. Ekatrina Fedotova and Diego A.\r\nLancheros Naranjo worked on the filter cavity setup in\r\nthe early stages of this work. Gustavo Wiederhecker and\r\nYiewen Chu provided insights as to the origins of the\r\nobserved optical noise and Nicola Carlon Zambon suggested using telecom filters to mitigate it further. This\r\nwork was supported by the European Research Council under grant agreement no. 101089099 (ERC CoG\r\ncQEO), and 101248662 (ERC POC CoupledEOT), the\r\nEuropean Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation\r\nprogram under grant agreement no. 899354 (FETopen\r\nSuperQuLAN), the European Innovation Council no.\r\n101187231 (PathfinderOpen CIELO), and the Austrian\r\nScience Fund (FWF) no. F7105 (SFB BeyondC). J.F.\r\nand L.K. acknowledge support from the Horizon Europe\r\nProgram HORIZON-CL4-2022-QUANTUM-01-SGA via\r\nProject No. 101113946 OpenSuperQPlus100. A.M. acknowledges support from the NOMIS-ISTA fellowship.","OA_place":"repository","abstract":[{"text":"Superconducting qubits are a leading candidate for utility-scale quantum computing due to their fast gate speeds and steadily decreasing error rates. The requirement for millikelvin operating temperatures, however, creates a significant scaling bottleneck. Modular architectures using optical fiber links could bridge separate cryogenic nodes, but superconducting circuits do not have coherent optical transitions and microwave-to-optical conversion has not been shown for any non-classical photon state. In this work, we demonstrate the on-demand generation and tomographic reconstruction of itinerant single microwave photons at 8.9 GHz from a superconducting qubit. We upconvert this non-Gaussian state with a transducer added noise below 0.012 quanta and count the converted telecom photons at 193.4 THz with a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 5.1$\\pm$1.1. We characterize the trade-offs between throughput and noise, and establish a viable path toward heralded entanglement distribution and gate teleportation. Looking ahead, these results empower existing superconducting devices to take a key role in distributed quantum technologies and heterogeneous quantum systems.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"arXiv","author":[{"first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Werner, Thomas","id":"1fcd8497-dba3-11ea-a45e-c6fbd715f7c7","last_name":"Werner","orcid":"0009-0001-2346-5236"},{"last_name":"Riyazi","id":"53322f94-5355-11ee-ae5a-ff6f81c87d51","full_name":"Riyazi, Erfan","first_name":"Erfan"},{"first_name":"Samarth","id":"221708e1-1ff6-11ee-9fa6-85146607433e","full_name":"Hawaldar, Samarth","last_name":"Hawaldar","orcid":"0000-0002-1965-4309"},{"first_name":"Rishabh","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Sahu","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162"},{"id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","first_name":"Georg M","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","last_name":"Arnold"},{"last_name":"Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker","full_name":"Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker, Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker","first_name":"Paul Falthansl-Scheinecker"},{"first_name":"Jennifer A. Sánchez","full_name":"Naranjo, Jennifer A. Sánchez","last_name":"Naranjo"},{"first_name":"Dante","full_name":"Loi, Dante","last_name":"Loi"},{"last_name":"Kapoor","full_name":"Kapoor, Lucky N.","first_name":"Lucky N."},{"orcid":"0009-0005-0878-3032","last_name":"Zemlicka","full_name":"Zemlicka, Martin","id":"2DCF8DE6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Martin"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-4345-4267","last_name":"Qiu","full_name":"Qiu, Liu","id":"45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac","first_name":"Liu"},{"first_name":"Andrei","full_name":"Militaru, Andrei","id":"d67706f8-8eb1-11ee-ad1b-9c30dfa19e0b","last_name":"Militaru"},{"id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","first_name":"Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","last_name":"Fink"}],"oa":1,"date_published":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z"},{"department":[{"_id":"VeSu"}],"title":"Magneto-optical Kerr effect in an A-type antiferromagnet","article_type":"original","article_processing_charge":"Yes","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-72577-4","year":"2026","corr_author":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"05","scopus_import":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","ddc":["530"],"publisher":"Springer Nature","status":"public","date_created":"2026-05-12T21:31:27Z","date_updated":"2026-06-10T09:45:53Z","day":"12","acknowledgement":"We thank Christine Kuntscher for providing optical conductivity and reflectance data published in ref. 33, and Nicola Spaldin, Joel Moore and Bevin Huang for useful discussions. V.S. and J.O. received support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation’s EPiQS Initiative through Grant GBMF4537 awarded to J.O. at UC Berkeley. Experimental and theoretical work at LBNL and UC Berkeley was funded by the Quantum Materials (KC2202) program under the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Work at the University of Kansas was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, EPSCoR, and Materials Sciences and Engineering Division under Award No. DE-SC0025319. Parts of device fabrication were performed in the KU Nanofabrication Facility, which is supported by the National Institutes of Health NIGMS P30GM145499. Work at ORNL was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. For the DFT calculations we used resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at C3SE. We acknowledge support from the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant Number 2201516 under the Accelnet program of Office of International Science and Engineering (OISE). This publication is funded in part by a QuantEmX grant from ICAM and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant GBMF9616 to S. K.","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"apa":"Sunko, V., Ahsanullah, S., Jain, V., Weber, S., Kumaran, S., Yan, J., … Ovchinnikov, D. (2026). Magneto-optical Kerr effect in an A-type antiferromagnet. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72577-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72577-4</a>","short":"V. Sunko, S. Ahsanullah, V. Jain, S. Weber, S. Kumaran, J. Yan, J. Orenstein, D. Ovchinnikov, Nature Communications (2026).","ama":"Sunko V, Ahsanullah S, Jain V, et al. Magneto-optical Kerr effect in an A-type antiferromagnet. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72577-4\">10.1038/s41467-026-72577-4</a>","chicago":"Sunko, Veronika, Salman Ahsanullah, Vivek Jain, Sophie Weber, Sivaloganathan Kumaran, Jiaqiang Yan, Joseph Orenstein, and Dmitry Ovchinnikov. “Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect in an A-Type Antiferromagnet.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72577-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72577-4</a>.","ista":"Sunko V, Ahsanullah S, Jain V, Weber S, Kumaran S, Yan J, Orenstein J, Ovchinnikov D. 2026. Magneto-optical Kerr effect in an A-type antiferromagnet. Nature Communications.","ieee":"V. Sunko <i>et al.</i>, “Magneto-optical Kerr effect in an A-type antiferromagnet,” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2026.","mla":"Sunko, Veronika, et al. “Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect in an A-Type Antiferromagnet.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, Springer Nature, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72577-4\">10.1038/s41467-026-72577-4</a>."},"publication_status":"epub_ahead","oa_version":"Published Version","date_published":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"author":[{"first_name":"Veronika","id":"23cb1cf6-2c7a-11ef-91a4-f72fc19f20b3","full_name":"Sunko, Veronika","last_name":"Sunko","orcid":"0000-0003-2724-3523"},{"first_name":"Salman","full_name":"Ahsanullah, Salman","last_name":"Ahsanullah"},{"last_name":"Jain","first_name":"Vivek","full_name":"Jain, Vivek"},{"first_name":"Sophie","full_name":"Weber, Sophie","last_name":"Weber"},{"last_name":"Kumaran","first_name":"Sivaloganathan","full_name":"Kumaran, Sivaloganathan"},{"first_name":"Jiaqiang","full_name":"Yan, Jiaqiang","last_name":"Yan"},{"full_name":"Orenstein, Joseph","first_name":"Joseph","last_name":"Orenstein"},{"first_name":"Dmitry","full_name":"Ovchinnikov, Dmitry","last_name":"Ovchinnikov"}],"publication":"Nature Communications","OA_place":"publisher","abstract":[{"text":"Magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) is a powerful probe of broken time-reversal symmetry (T), typically used to study ferromagnets. While MOKE has been observed in some antiferromagnets (AFMs) with vanishing magnetization, it is often associated with structures whose symmetry is lower than basic collinear, bipartite order. In contrast, theory predicts a mechanism for MOKE intrinsic to all AFMs of A-type, i.e. layered AFMs in which ferromagnetic layers are antiferromagnetically aligned. Here we report the experimental confirmation of this mechanism in a bulk AFM. We achieve this by measuring the imaginary component of MOKE as a function of photon energy in MnBi2Te4, an A-type AFM where T is preserved in combination with a translation, and comparing the experimental results with model calculations. Our model suggests that observable MOKE should be expected in all collinear A-type AFMs with out-of-plane spin order, thus enabling optical detection of AFM domains and expanding the scope of MOKE to few-layer AFMs.","lang":"eng"}],"PlanS_conform":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72577-4","open_access":"1"}],"_id":"21872","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"OA_type":"gold","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"21422","status":"public","relation":"research_data"}]},"DOAJ_listed":"1"},{"article_number":"33","issue":"2","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2730-9657"]},"OA_type":"hybrid","volume":5,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","_id":"21881","arxiv":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","publication_status":"published","citation":{"mla":"Brigati, Giovanni. “Nonlinear Dirichlet Forms, Energy Spaces, and Calculus Rules.” <i>La Matematica</i>, vol. 5, no. 2, 33, Springer Nature, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44007-026-00217-w\">10.1007/s44007-026-00217-w</a>.","ieee":"G. Brigati, “Nonlinear Dirichlet forms, energy spaces, and calculus rules,” <i>La Matematica</i>, vol. 5, no. 2. Springer Nature, 2026.","ista":"Brigati G. 2026. Nonlinear Dirichlet forms, energy spaces, and calculus rules. La Matematica. 5(2), 33.","ama":"Brigati G. Nonlinear Dirichlet forms, energy spaces, and calculus rules. <i>La Matematica</i>. 2026;5(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44007-026-00217-w\">10.1007/s44007-026-00217-w</a>","short":"G. Brigati, La Matematica 5 (2026).","chicago":"Brigati, Giovanni. “Nonlinear Dirichlet Forms, Energy Spaces, and Calculus Rules.” <i>La Matematica</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44007-026-00217-w\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s44007-026-00217-w</a>.","apa":"Brigati, G. (2026). Nonlinear Dirichlet forms, energy spaces, and calculus rules. <i>La Matematica</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44007-026-00217-w\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s44007-026-00217-w</a>"},"quality_controlled":"1","acknowledgement":"I am thankful to G. Savaré, for introducing me to the study of nonlinear Dirichlet forms and metric measure spaces, and to D. Manini for stimulating discussions. Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria). The author has been funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 754362. Partial support has been obtained from the EFI ANR-17-CE40-0030 Project of the French National Research Agency.","OA_place":"publisher","PlanS_conform":"1","abstract":[{"text":"I review recent contributions on nonlinear Dirichlet forms. Then, I specialise to the case of 2-\r\nhomogeneous and local forms. Inspired by the theory of Finsler manifolds and metric measure spaces, I establish new properties of such nonlinear Dirichlet forms, which are reminiscent of differential calculus formulae.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Giovanni","id":"63ff57e8-1fbb-11ee-88f2-f558ffc59cf1","full_name":"Brigati, Giovanni","last_name":"Brigati"}],"publication":"La Matematica","oa":1,"date_published":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","ddc":["510"],"publisher":"Springer Nature","day":"29","date_created":"2026-05-17T22:02:10Z","date_updated":"2026-05-18T08:27:08Z","intvolume":"         5","status":"public","year":"2026","doi":"10.1007/s44007-026-00217-w","external_id":{"arxiv":["2309.00377"]},"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"title":"Nonlinear Dirichlet forms, energy spaces, and calculus rules","department":[{"_id":"JaMa"}],"article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","month":"04","file_date_updated":"2026-05-18T08:26:15Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","corr_author":"1","file":[{"relation":"main_file","file_name":"2026_LaMathematica_Brigati.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2026-05-18T08:26:15Z","date_created":"2026-05-18T08:26:15Z","file_id":"21892","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_size":394082,"creator":"dernst","checksum":"f75bffe3c793a2cbb26b8494024d0681"}]},{"has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1","file_date_updated":"2026-05-18T08:17:26Z","month":"05","file":[{"file_name":"2026_AstrophysicalJourn_Wang.pdf","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","file_id":"21891","date_created":"2026-05-18T08:17:26Z","date_updated":"2026-05-18T08:17:26Z","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":2584417,"checksum":"ee9ebc8ae2304fec04f24b82ebaac8bc","creator":"dernst"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","year":"2026","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ae5bab","external_id":{"arxiv":["2508.18358"]},"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_processing_charge":"Yes","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"article_type":"original","title":"The missing hard photons of Little Red Dots: Their incident ionizing spectra resemble massive stars","day":"01","date_updated":"2026-05-18T08:18:39Z","date_created":"2026-05-17T22:02:10Z","intvolume":"      1003","status":"public","publisher":"IOP Publishing","ddc":["520"],"abstract":[{"text":"The nature of little red dots (LRDs) has largely been investigated through their continuum emission, with lines assumed to arise from a broad-line region. In this paper, we instead use recombination lines to infer the intrinsic properties of the central engine. Our analysis first reveals a tension between the ionizing properties implied from Hα and He ii λ4686. The high Hα EWs require copious H-ionizing photons, more than the bluest active galactic nucleus (AGN) ionizing spectra can provide. In contrast, He ii emission is marginally detected, and its low EW is, at most, consistent with the softest AGN spectra. The low He ii/Hβ (∼10−2, <20×  local AGN median) further points to an unusually soft ionizing spectrum. We extend our analysis to dense gas envelopes (quasi-star/black-hole star) and find that hydrogen recombination lines become optically thick and lose diagnostic power, but He ii remains optically thin and a robust tracer. Photoionization modeling with Cloudy rules out standard AGN accretion disk spectra. Alternative explanations include exotic AGN with red rest-optical emission, high average optical depth (>10) from gas/dust, and soft ionizing spectra with abundant H-ionizing photons, consistent with, e.g., a cold accretion disk or a composite of AGN and stars. The latter is an intriguing scenario since high hydrogen densities are highly conducive for star formation, and nuclear star clusters are found in the vicinity of local massive black holes. While previous studies have mostly focused on features dominated by the absorbing hydrogen cloud, the He ii-based diagnostic proposed here represents a crucial step toward understanding the central engine of LRDs.","lang":"eng"}],"OA_place":"publisher","PlanS_conform":"1","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","author":[{"last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Bingjie","full_name":"Wang, Bingjie"},{"first_name":"Joel","full_name":"Leja, Joel","last_name":"Leja"},{"last_name":"Katz","first_name":"Harley","full_name":"Katz, Harley"},{"last_name":"Inayoshi","full_name":"Inayoshi, Kohei","first_name":"Kohei"},{"full_name":"Cleri, Nikko J.","first_name":"Nikko J.","last_name":"Cleri"},{"last_name":"De Graaff","full_name":"De Graaff, Anna","first_name":"Anna"},{"full_name":"Hviding, Raphael E.","first_name":"Raphael E.","last_name":"Hviding"},{"full_name":"Van Dokkum, Pieter","first_name":"Pieter","last_name":"Van Dokkum"},{"full_name":"Greene, Jenny E.","first_name":"Jenny E.","last_name":"Greene"},{"full_name":"Labbé, Ivo","first_name":"Ivo","last_name":"Labbé"},{"id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","last_name":"Matthee"},{"last_name":"Mcconachie","first_name":"Ian","full_name":"Mcconachie, Ian"},{"full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P.","first_name":"Rohan P.","last_name":"Naidu"},{"last_name":"Nelson","first_name":"Erica J.","full_name":"Nelson, Erica J."}],"oa":1,"date_published":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","oa_version":"Published Version","publication_status":"published","citation":{"mla":"Wang, Bingjie, et al. “The Missing Hard Photons of Little Red Dots: Their Incident Ionizing Spectra Resemble Massive Stars.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 1003, no. 1, 10, IOP Publishing, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae5bab\">10.3847/1538-4357/ae5bab</a>.","ieee":"B. Wang <i>et al.</i>, “The missing hard photons of Little Red Dots: Their incident ionizing spectra resemble massive stars,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 1003, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2026.","ista":"Wang B, Leja J, Katz H, Inayoshi K, Cleri NJ, De Graaff A, Hviding RE, Van Dokkum P, Greene JE, Labbé I, Matthee JJ, Mcconachie I, Naidu RP, Nelson EJ. 2026. The missing hard photons of Little Red Dots: Their incident ionizing spectra resemble massive stars. The Astrophysical Journal. 1003(1), 10.","chicago":"Wang, Bingjie, Joel Leja, Harley Katz, Kohei Inayoshi, Nikko J. Cleri, Anna De Graaff, Raphael E. Hviding, et al. “The Missing Hard Photons of Little Red Dots: Their Incident Ionizing Spectra Resemble Massive Stars.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae5bab\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae5bab</a>.","short":"B. Wang, J. Leja, H. Katz, K. Inayoshi, N.J. Cleri, A. De Graaff, R.E. Hviding, P. Van Dokkum, J.E. Greene, I. Labbé, J.J. Matthee, I. Mcconachie, R.P. Naidu, E.J. Nelson, The Astrophysical Journal 1003 (2026).","ama":"Wang B, Leja J, Katz H, et al. The missing hard photons of Little Red Dots: Their incident ionizing spectra resemble massive stars. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2026;1003(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae5bab\">10.3847/1538-4357/ae5bab</a>","apa":"Wang, B., Leja, J., Katz, H., Inayoshi, K., Cleri, N. J., De Graaff, A., … Nelson, E. J. (2026). The missing hard photons of Little Red Dots: Their incident ionizing spectra resemble massive stars. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae5bab\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae5bab</a>"},"acknowledgement":"B.W. thanks Michael Eracleous for valuable discussions. B.W. and J.L. acknowledge support from JWST-GO-04233.009. B.W. also acknowledges support provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51592.001 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under the contract NAS 5-26555. K.I. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12573015, W2532003), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (IS25003), and the China Manned Space Program (CMS-CSST-2025-A09). R.E.H. acknowledges support by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) through program 50OR2403 “RUBIES.”\r\n\r\nThis work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program # 1433, 2561, 4106, 4233, 5224, 6585. The specific observations analyzed can be accessed via DOI: 10.17909/9hpc-nc45. Computations for this research were performed on the Pennsylvania State University’s Institute for Computational and Data Sciences’ Roar supercomputer; and on computational resources managed and supported by Princeton Research Computing, a consortium of groups including the Princeton Institute for Computational Science and Engineering (PICSciE) and Research Computing at Princeton University. Some of the stellar spectra are retrieved from the POLLUX database (pollux.oreme.org) operated at LUPM (Université de Montpellier—CNRS, France) with the support of the PNPS and INSU. This publication made use of the NASA Astrophysical Data System for bibliographic information.","quality_controlled":"1","DOAJ_listed":"1","arxiv":1,"OA_type":"gold","volume":1003,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1538-4357"],"issn":["0004-637X"]},"issue":"1","article_number":"10","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","_id":"21882"},{"publisher":"Wiley","ddc":["600"],"date_updated":"2026-05-18T08:55:42Z","date_created":"2026-05-17T22:02:11Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"day":"09","status":"public","external_id":{"pmid":["42104760"]},"doi":"10.1111/jmi.70106","year":"2026","article_type":"original","title":"3D printing in core facilities – Low pain, high gain","department":[{"_id":"Bio"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1","corr_author":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"05","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","pmid":1,"OA_type":"hybrid","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-2720"],"eissn":["1365-2818"]},"_id":"21883","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70106"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Imaging & Optics Facility (IOF) and the MiBa Machine Shop. Specifically; Robert Hauschild (IOF), sharing designs, insights and pioneering 3D printing activities at the Imaging and Optics Facility; Bernhard Hochreiter (IOF), for support and testing of anoxic chamber. We also thank Ana Rita Carvalho Faria and Oliver Biehlmaier (Biozentrum University of Basel, Imaging Core Facility) for sharing the design of the adopted power meter.\r\nOpen Access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","citation":{"ista":"Goudarzi M, Schuster M, Milberger A, Gunkel M, Terjung S, Krens G. 2026. 3D printing in core facilities – Low pain, high gain. Journal of Microscopy.","ieee":"M. Goudarzi, M. Schuster, A. Milberger, M. Gunkel, S. Terjung, and G. Krens, “3D printing in core facilities – Low pain, high gain,” <i>Journal of Microscopy</i>. Wiley, 2026.","mla":"Goudarzi, Mohammad, et al. “3D Printing in Core Facilities – Low Pain, High Gain.” <i>Journal of Microscopy</i>, Wiley, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70106\">10.1111/jmi.70106</a>.","apa":"Goudarzi, M., Schuster, M., Milberger, A., Gunkel, M., Terjung, S., &#38; Krens, G. (2026). 3D printing in core facilities – Low pain, high gain. <i>Journal of Microscopy</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70106\">https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70106</a>","short":"M. Goudarzi, M. Schuster, A. Milberger, M. Gunkel, S. Terjung, G. Krens, Journal of Microscopy (2026).","chicago":"Goudarzi, Mohammad, Maximilian Schuster, Arthur Milberger, Manuel Gunkel, Stefan Terjung, and Gabriel Krens. “3D Printing in Core Facilities – Low Pain, High Gain.” <i>Journal of Microscopy</i>. Wiley, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70106\">https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70106</a>.","ama":"Goudarzi M, Schuster M, Milberger A, Gunkel M, Terjung S, Krens G. 3D printing in core facilities – Low pain, high gain. <i>Journal of Microscopy</i>. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.70106\">10.1111/jmi.70106</a>"},"publication_status":"epub_ahead","OA_place":"publisher","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Three-dimensional (3D) printing has rapidly developed from a niche hobbyist activity into a widely accessible and indispensable technology across multiple scientific disciplines. Within microscopy, optical engineering laboratories and imaging core facilities, 3D printing enables creating customised solutions for sample holders, optical components and everyday laboratory tools that traditionally required specialised machining. By providing rapid prototyping, low-cost production and reproducibility, 3D printing facilitates innovation and efficiency in facility operations. This article provides a perspective on the possibilities, challenges, and practical aspects of implementing 3D printing within microscopy core facilities. Instead of providing technical review about 3D printing, we focus on service organisation, user engagement, resource management and community-driven repositories for design dissemination. Our aim is to share insights with those considering the implementation of 3D printing as a service for developing add-on components to ease the operation of different aspects of the machine-park driven services and those who are managing advanced instrumentation within research groups."}],"PlanS_conform":"1","oa":1,"date_published":"2026-05-09T00:00:00Z","publication":"Journal of Microscopy","author":[{"full_name":"Goudarzi, Mohammad","id":"3384113A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Mohammad","last_name":"Goudarzi"},{"last_name":"Schuster","id":"37e65def-d415-11eb-ae59-a7b67be103db","full_name":"Schuster, Maximilian","first_name":"Maximilian"},{"last_name":"Milberger","first_name":"Arthur","full_name":"Milberger, Arthur"},{"last_name":"Gunkel","full_name":"Gunkel, Manuel","first_name":"Manuel"},{"last_name":"Terjung","full_name":"Terjung, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan"},{"id":"2B819732-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Krens, Gabriel","first_name":"Gabriel","orcid":"0000-0003-4761-5996","last_name":"Krens"}]},{"has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1","file":[{"file_size":399969,"creator":"dernst","checksum":"9e8402cb2e8870ba7ded9ae7b308201a","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2026_ElectrJournCombinatorics_Morawski.pdf","date_updated":"2026-05-18T08:46:26Z","date_created":"2026-05-18T08:46:26Z","file_id":"21893","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1}],"corr_author":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","file_date_updated":"2026-05-18T08:46:26Z","month":"05","doi":"10.37236/13316","external_id":{"arxiv":["2306.14648"]},"year":"2026","title":"Randomly perturbed digraphs also have bounded-degree spanning trees","article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"MaKw"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY-ND (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/legalcode","image":"/image/cc_by_nd.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0)"},"article_processing_charge":"Yes","date_created":"2026-05-17T22:02:11Z","date_updated":"2026-05-18T08:50:18Z","day":"08","status":"public","project":[{"name":"IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program","grant_number":"101034413","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c"}],"intvolume":"        33","ec_funded":1,"publisher":"Electronic Journal of Combinatorics","ddc":["510"],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We show that a randomly perturbed digraph, where we start with a dense digraph Dα and add a small number of random edges to it, will typically contain a fixed orientation of a bounded-degree spanning tree. This answers a question posed by Araujo, Balogh, Krueger, Piga and Treglown and generalizes the corresponding result for randomly perturbed graphs by Krivelevich, Kwan and Sudakov. More specifically, we prove that there exists a constant c=c(α,Δ) such that if \r\nT is an oriented tree with maximum degree Δ and Dα is an n-vertex digraph with minimum semidegree αn, then the graph obtained by adding cn uniformly random edges to Dα will contain T with high probability."}],"OA_place":"publisher","oa":1,"date_published":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","publication":"Electronic Journal of Combinatorics","author":[{"last_name":"Morawski","full_name":"Morawski, Patryk","first_name":"Patryk"},{"first_name":"Kalina H","id":"554ff4e4-f325-11ee-b0c4-a10dbd523381","full_name":"Petrova, Kalina H","last_name":"Petrova"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","acknowledgement":"We thank the anonymous referees for many helpful comments on an earlier version of this\r\narticle. Kalina Petrova was supported by grant no. CRSII5 173721 of the Swiss National\r\nScience Foundation, and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation\r\nprogramme under the Marie Sk lodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101034413","citation":{"mla":"Morawski, Patryk, and Kalina H. Petrova. “Randomly Perturbed Digraphs Also Have Bounded-Degree Spanning Trees.” <i>Electronic Journal of Combinatorics</i>, vol. 33, no. 2, P2.24, Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.37236/13316\">10.37236/13316</a>.","ieee":"P. Morawski and K. H. Petrova, “Randomly perturbed digraphs also have bounded-degree spanning trees,” <i>Electronic Journal of Combinatorics</i>, vol. 33, no. 2. Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 2026.","ista":"Morawski P, Petrova KH. 2026. Randomly perturbed digraphs also have bounded-degree spanning trees. Electronic Journal of Combinatorics. 33(2), P2.24.","chicago":"Morawski, Patryk, and Kalina H Petrova. “Randomly Perturbed Digraphs Also Have Bounded-Degree Spanning Trees.” <i>Electronic Journal of Combinatorics</i>. Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.37236/13316\">https://doi.org/10.37236/13316</a>.","short":"P. Morawski, K.H. Petrova, Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 33 (2026).","ama":"Morawski P, Petrova KH. Randomly perturbed digraphs also have bounded-degree spanning trees. <i>Electronic Journal of Combinatorics</i>. 2026;33(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.37236/13316\">10.37236/13316</a>","apa":"Morawski, P., &#38; Petrova, K. H. (2026). Randomly perturbed digraphs also have bounded-degree spanning trees. <i>Electronic Journal of Combinatorics</i>. Electronic Journal of Combinatorics. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.37236/13316\">https://doi.org/10.37236/13316</a>"},"publication_status":"published","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/","DOAJ_listed":"1","arxiv":1,"type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"OA_type":"gold","volume":33,"issue":"2","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1077-8926"]},"article_number":"P2.24","_id":"21884"}]