---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '22927'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Auxin and calcium (Ca2+) are central plant signals that coordinate growth,
    development, and responses to environmental cues. Typically studied as largely
    parallel pathways, they are now increasingly recognized as interconnected networks
    whose activities converge at multiple regulatory levels. Recent advances in live
    imaging, biosensors, optogenetics, and structural approaches have revealed that
    auxin can rapidly trigger Ca2+ influx from the apoplast via TRANSPORT INHIBITOR
    RESPONSE1 (TIR1)/AUXIN-SIGNALING F-BOX (AFB)-dependent signaling mechanisms and
    Ca2+ channels, presumably involving cyclic nucleotides produced by TIR1/AFB auxin
    receptors. Conversely, Ca2+ signals arising from mechanosensing, wounding, and
    environmental stress can modulate auxin transport, signaling, and transcriptional
    outputs. Together, these discoveries highlight a dynamic, reciprocal signaling
    axis where Ca2+ acts both downstream and upstream of auxin to shape growth, development,
    tropisms, and regeneration.
acknowledgement: The authors would like to acknowledge many colleagues whose valuable
  contributions to the field could not be included in this review due to space limitations
  and reference constraints.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Milan
  full_name: Zupunski, Milan
  id: f6a21fce-573e-11f0-a150-a8d96aee2539
  last_name: Zupunski
- first_name: Guido
  full_name: Grossmann, Guido
  last_name: Grossmann
- first_name: Jiří
  full_name: Friml, Jiří
  id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Friml
  orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
citation:
  ama: 'Zupunski M, Grossmann G, Friml J. Decoding dialog: The auxin–calcium signaling
    crosstalk in plants. <i>Trends in Plant Science</i>. 2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2026.08.002">10.1016/j.tplants.2026.08.002</a>'
  apa: 'Zupunski, M., Grossmann, G., &#38; Friml, J. (2026). Decoding dialog: The
    auxin–calcium signaling crosstalk in plants. <i>Trends in Plant Science</i>. Cell
    Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2026.08.002">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2026.08.002</a>'
  chicago: 'Zupunski, Milan, Guido Grossmann, and Jiří Friml. “Decoding Dialog: The
    Auxin–Calcium Signaling Crosstalk in Plants.” <i>Trends in Plant Science</i>.
    Cell Press, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2026.08.002">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2026.08.002</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Zupunski, G. Grossmann, and J. Friml, “Decoding dialog: The auxin–calcium
    signaling crosstalk in plants,” <i>Trends in Plant Science</i>. Cell Press, 2026.'
  ista: 'Zupunski M, Grossmann G, Friml J. 2026. Decoding dialog: The auxin–calcium
    signaling crosstalk in plants. Trends in Plant Science.'
  mla: 'Zupunski, Milan, et al. “Decoding Dialog: The Auxin–Calcium Signaling Crosstalk
    in Plants.” <i>Trends in Plant Science</i>, Cell Press, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2026.08.002">10.1016/j.tplants.2026.08.002</a>.'
  short: M. Zupunski, G. Grossmann, J. Friml, Trends in Plant Science (2026).
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-13T22:01:56Z
date_published: 2026-09-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T07:42:27Z
day: '04'
ddc:
- '580'
department:
- _id: JiFr
doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2026.08.002
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '42692943'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2026.08.002
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- auxin
- calcium
- rapid signaling
- crosstalk
- growth regulation
- cyclic nucleotides
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2026.08.002
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: Trends in Plant Science
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1878-4372
  issn:
  - 1360-1385
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: Cell Press
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: no
title: 'Decoding dialog: The auxin–calcium signaling crosstalk in plants'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '22914'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "We present the first truly subquadratic time algorithm to compute diameter
    and eccentricities in real-weighted directed graphs with constant distance VC-dimension
    and strongly sublinear-sized balanced separators. For real-weighted K_h-minor-free
    digraphs, this runs in O(n^{2-1/(2h-2)} polylog(n)) time.\r\nPrior to this work,
    truly subquadratic time computation of diameter was only known for real-weighted
    planar graphs, while extensions to broader classes like minor-free graphs were
    restricted to unweighted settings. In particular, existing algorithms that use
    VC-dimension [Ducoffe, Habib, Viennot; SICOMP 2022] [Le, Wulff-Nilsen; SODA 2024]
    [Chan, Chang, Gao, Le, Kisfaludi-Bak, Zheng; FOCS 2025] work with small integer
    weights, but do not naturally generalize to real weights. We overcome this barrier
    by introducing a randomized search-to-decision reduction, demonstrating that VC-dimension
    is a sufficiently powerful tool in the real-weighted regime."
acknowledgement: "This project has received funding from the Austrian Science Fund
  (FWF)\r\ngrant DOI 10.55776/I5982. For open access purposes, the author has applied
  a CC BY public\r\ncopyright license to any author-accepted manuscript version arising
  from this submission. Thanks to Jie Gao for feedback on a preliminary version of
  the manuscript"
alternative_title:
- LIPIcs
article_number: 61:1-61:12
article_processing_charge: Yes
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Da Wei
  full_name: Zheng, Da Wei
  id: af77956b-e859-11ef-8dc9-d301b898e32f
  last_name: Zheng
citation:
  ama: 'Zheng DW. Real-weighted diameter and eccentricities of minor-free and bounded
    VC-dimension graphs in truly subquadratic time. In: <i>34th Annual European Symposium
    on Algorithms</i>. Vol 388. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik;
    2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.61">10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.61</a>'
  apa: 'Zheng, D. W. (2026). Real-weighted diameter and eccentricities of minor-free
    and bounded VC-dimension graphs in truly subquadratic time. In <i>34th Annual
    European Symposium on Algorithms</i> (Vol. 388). L’Aquila, Italy: Schloss Dagstuhl
    - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.61">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.61</a>'
  chicago: Zheng, Da Wei. “Real-Weighted Diameter and Eccentricities of Minor-Free
    and Bounded VC-Dimension Graphs in Truly Subquadratic Time.” In <i>34th Annual
    European Symposium on Algorithms</i>, Vol. 388. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum
    für Informatik, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.61">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.61</a>.
  ieee: D. W. Zheng, “Real-weighted diameter and eccentricities of minor-free and
    bounded VC-dimension graphs in truly subquadratic time,” in <i>34th Annual European
    Symposium on Algorithms</i>, L’Aquila, Italy, 2026, vol. 388.
  ista: 'Zheng DW. 2026. Real-weighted diameter and eccentricities of minor-free and
    bounded VC-dimension graphs in truly subquadratic time. 34th Annual European Symposium
    on Algorithms. ESA: European Symposium on Algorithms, LIPIcs, vol. 388, 61:1-61:12.'
  mla: Zheng, Da Wei. “Real-Weighted Diameter and Eccentricities of Minor-Free and
    Bounded VC-Dimension Graphs in Truly Subquadratic Time.” <i>34th Annual European
    Symposium on Algorithms</i>, vol. 388, 61:1-61:12, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum
    für Informatik, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.61">10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.61</a>.
  short: D.W. Zheng, in:, 34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, Schloss Dagstuhl
    - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026.
conference:
  end_date: 2026-09-04
  location: L’Aquila, Italy
  name: 'ESA: European Symposium on Algorithms'
  start_date: 2026-08-31
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-13T22:01:52Z
date_published: 2026-08-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T09:31:02Z
day: '25'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: MoHe
doi: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.61
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2607.01926'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 574f50435b092a72041c7365cac3d280
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2026-09-17T09:28:04Z
  date_updated: 2026-09-17T09:28:04Z
  file_id: '22942'
  file_name: 2026_LIPIcsESA_Zheng.pdf
  file_size: 760002
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-09-17T09:28:04Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.61
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       388'
keyword:
- Diameter
- eccentricities
- minor-free graphs
- real weights
- VC-dimension
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: bda196b2-d553-11ed-ba76-8e8ee6c21103
  grant_number: I05982
  name: Static and Dynamic Hierarchical Graph Decompositions
publication: 34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1868-8969
  isbn:
  - '9783959774451'
publication_status: published
publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: no
title: Real-weighted diameter and eccentricities of minor-free and bounded VC-dimension
  graphs in truly subquadratic time
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 388
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: diamond
_id: '22928'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "We present deep ALMA Band 7 observations of the [O iii] 88 µm line and underlying
    dust continuum\r\nemission in four UV-bright, gravitationally lensed (magnification
    µ = 1.4 − 3.8), JWST-selected\r\ngalaxies at z = 8.5 − 10.3, with observed magnitudes
    −22.5 ≲ MUV ≲ −20.5. [O iii] 88 µm is\r\nconfidently detected in UNCOVER-10646
    at z = 8.5080 ± 0.0011 (15σ) and DHZ1 at z = 9.3113 ±\r\n0.0006 (6σ), with both
    being intrinsically luminous systems [L[O iii] = (1.1− 1.6) ×109 L⊙] that follow\r\nthe
    local [O iii]-SFR relation. [O iii] 88 µm remains undetected in the two z > 10
    targets, including in\r\nthe z = 10.07 X-ray AGN UHZ1, where we obtain a deep
    limit of L[O iii] < 6 × 107 L⊙. Dust emission\r\nis not detected in any individual
    source nor in a stack (< 3σ). The high S/N [O iii] 88 µm detection\r\nin UNCOVER-10646
    uniquely reveals an additional broad component (FWHM = 1366+473\r\n−329 km/s;\r\n∆BIC
    ≈ 20) indicative of an ionized outflow. We infer a high outflow rate of M˙\r\nout
    = 128+80\r\n−46 M⊙ yr−1\r\n,\r\ncorresponding to a mass loading factor η = M˙\r\nout/SFR
    = 2.9\r\n+1.8\r\n−1.0\r\nthat matches or exceeds theoretical\r\npredictions and
    JWST-based studies of ionized outflows at high redshift. While high-resolution
    ALMA\r\nfollow-up is required to confirm and spatially resolve the outflow, this
    first systematic study at z > 8\r\nhighlights the unique diagnostic power of [O
    iii] 88 µm in characterizing galaxies in the early Universe."
acknowledgement: "We thank the referee for their valuable and constructive comments
  that improved this work. We also thank Javier Alvarez-M´arquez for useful discussions
  ´\r\nabout the MIRI observations of UHZ1 and UNCOVER37126. HSBA gratefully acknowledges
  support from\r\nAcademia Sinica through grant AS-PD-1141-M01-2. MA\r\nis supported
  by FONDECYT grant number 1252054,\r\nand gratefully acknowledges support from ANID
  Basal\r\nProject FB210003 and ANID MILENIO NCN2024 112.\r\nAKI acknowledges support
  from KAKENHI Grant No.\r\n23H00131. NW was supported by the GACR EXPRO\r\ngrant
  No. 21-13491X.\r\nThis paper makes use of the following ALMA data:\r\nADS/JAO.ALMA#2024.1.00440.S,\r\nADS/JAO.ALMA#2024.1.01197.S\r\nALMA
  is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan),
  together with\r\nNRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI\r\n(Republic of
  Korea), in cooperation with the Republic\r\nof Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory
  is operated by\r\nESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Hiddo S.B.
  full_name: Algera, Hiddo S.B.
  last_name: Algera
- first_name: John R.
  full_name: Weaver, John R.
  last_name: Weaver
- first_name: Tom J.L.C.
  full_name: Bakx, Tom J.L.C.
  last_name: Bakx
- first_name: Manuel
  full_name: Aravena, Manuel
  last_name: Aravena
- first_name: Rychard J.
  full_name: Bouwens, Rychard J.
  last_name: Bouwens
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Cescon, Karin
  last_name: Cescon
- first_name: Chian Chou
  full_name: Chen, Chian Chou
  last_name: Chen
- first_name: Elisabete
  full_name: Da Cunha, Elisabete
  last_name: Da Cunha
- first_name: Pratika
  full_name: Dayal, Pratika
  last_name: Dayal
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Faisst, Andreas
  last_name: Faisst
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Ferrara, Andrea
  last_name: Ferrara
- first_name: Seiji
  full_name: Fujimoto, Seiji
  last_name: Fujimoto
- first_name: Takuya
  full_name: Hashimoto, Takuya
  last_name: Hashimoto
- first_name: Kasper
  full_name: Heintz, Kasper
  last_name: Heintz
- first_name: Rodrigo
  full_name: Herrera-Camus, Rodrigo
  last_name: Herrera-Camus
- first_name: Jacqueline
  full_name: Hodge, Jacqueline
  last_name: Hodge
- first_name: Hanae
  full_name: Inami, Hanae
  last_name: Inami
- first_name: Akio K.
  full_name: Inoue, Akio K.
  last_name: Inoue
- first_name: Jorryt J
  full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
  id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
  last_name: Matthee
  orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Romain
  full_name: Meyer, Romain
  last_name: Meyer
- first_name: Shoichiro
  full_name: Mizukoshi, Shoichiro
  last_name: Mizukoshi
- first_name: Chayan
  full_name: Mondal, Chayan
  last_name: Mondal
- first_name: Themiya
  full_name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
  last_name: Nanayakkara
- first_name: Pascal A.
  full_name: Oesch, Pascal A.
  last_name: Oesch
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Pallottini, Andrea
  last_name: Pallottini
- first_name: Huub
  full_name: Röttgering, Huub
  last_name: Röttgering
- first_name: Lucie E.
  full_name: Rowland, Lucie E.
  last_name: Rowland
- first_name: Sander
  full_name: Schouws, Sander
  last_name: Schouws
- first_name: Renske
  full_name: Smit, Renske
  last_name: Smit
- first_name: Laura
  full_name: Sommovigo, Laura
  last_name: Sommovigo
- first_name: Daniel P.
  full_name: Stark, Daniel P.
  last_name: Stark
- first_name: Yuma
  full_name: Sugahara, Yuma
  last_name: Sugahara
- first_name: Livia
  full_name: Vallini, Livia
  last_name: Vallini
- first_name: Bovornpratch
  full_name: Vijarnwannaluk, Bovornpratch
  last_name: Vijarnwannaluk
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Van Der Werf, Paul
  last_name: Van Der Werf
- first_name: Norbert
  full_name: Werner, Norbert
  last_name: Werner
- first_name: Joris
  full_name: Witstok, Joris
  last_name: Witstok
- first_name: Mengyuan
  full_name: Xiao, Mengyuan
  last_name: Xiao
citation:
  ama: 'Algera HSB, Weaver JR, Bakx TJLC, et al. A first systematic study of [OIII]
    88μm at z&#62;8: two luminous oxygen lines and a powerful ionized outflow in the
    first 600 million years. <i>The Open Journal of Astrophysics</i>. 2026;9. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.165333">10.33232/001c.165333</a>'
  apa: 'Algera, H. S. B., Weaver, J. R., Bakx, T. J. L. C., Aravena, M., Bouwens,
    R. J., Cescon, K., … Xiao, M. (2026). A first systematic study of [OIII] 88μm
    at z&#62;8: two luminous oxygen lines and a powerful ionized outflow in the first
    600 million years. <i>The Open Journal of Astrophysics</i>. Maynooth Academic
    Publishing. <a href="https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.165333">https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.165333</a>'
  chicago: 'Algera, Hiddo S.B., John R. Weaver, Tom J.L.C. Bakx, Manuel Aravena, Rychard
    J. Bouwens, Karin Cescon, Chian Chou Chen, et al. “A First Systematic Study of
    [OIII] 88μm at Z&#62;8: Two Luminous Oxygen Lines and a Powerful Ionized Outflow
    in the First 600 Million Years.” <i>The Open Journal of Astrophysics</i>. Maynooth
    Academic Publishing, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.165333">https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.165333</a>.'
  ieee: 'H. S. B. Algera <i>et al.</i>, “A first systematic study of [OIII] 88μm at
    z&#62;8: two luminous oxygen lines and a powerful ionized outflow in the first
    600 million years,” <i>The Open Journal of Astrophysics</i>, vol. 9. Maynooth
    Academic Publishing, 2026.'
  ista: 'Algera HSB, Weaver JR, Bakx TJLC, Aravena M, Bouwens RJ, Cescon K, Chen CC,
    Da Cunha E, Dayal P, Faisst A, Ferrara A, Fujimoto S, Hashimoto T, Heintz K, Herrera-Camus
    R, Hodge J, Inami H, Inoue AK, Matthee JJ, Meyer R, Mizukoshi S, Mondal C, Nanayakkara
    T, Oesch PA, Pallottini A, Röttgering H, Rowland LE, Schouws S, Smit R, Sommovigo
    L, Stark DP, Sugahara Y, Vallini L, Vijarnwannaluk B, Van Der Werf P, Werner N,
    Witstok J, Xiao M. 2026. A first systematic study of [OIII] 88μm at z&#62;8: two
    luminous oxygen lines and a powerful ionized outflow in the first 600 million
    years. The Open Journal of Astrophysics. 9.'
  mla: 'Algera, Hiddo S. B., et al. “A First Systematic Study of [OIII] 88μm at Z&#62;8:
    Two Luminous Oxygen Lines and a Powerful Ionized Outflow in the First 600 Million
    Years.” <i>The Open Journal of Astrophysics</i>, vol. 9, Maynooth Academic Publishing,
    2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.165333">10.33232/001c.165333</a>.'
  short: H.S.B. Algera, J.R. Weaver, T.J.L.C. Bakx, M. Aravena, R.J. Bouwens, K. Cescon,
    C.C. Chen, E. Da Cunha, P. Dayal, A. Faisst, A. Ferrara, S. Fujimoto, T. Hashimoto,
    K. Heintz, R. Herrera-Camus, J. Hodge, H. Inami, A.K. Inoue, J.J. Matthee, R.
    Meyer, S. Mizukoshi, C. Mondal, T. Nanayakkara, P.A. Oesch, A. Pallottini, H.
    Röttgering, L.E. Rowland, S. Schouws, R. Smit, L. Sommovigo, D.P. Stark, Y. Sugahara,
    L. Vallini, B. Vijarnwannaluk, P. Van Der Werf, N. Werner, J. Witstok, M. Xiao,
    The Open Journal of Astrophysics 9 (2026).
dataavailabilitystatement: "This paper makes use of the following ALMA data:\r\nADS/JAO.ALMA#2024.1.00440.S,\r\nADS/JAO.ALMA#2024.1.01197.S\r\nALMA
  is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan),
  together with\r\nNRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI\r\n(Republic of
  Korea), in cooperation with the Republic\r\nof Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory
  is operated by\r\nESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ."
date_created: 2026-09-13T22:01:57Z
date_published: 2026-07-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T08:31:24Z
day: '21'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: JoMa
doi: 10.33232/001c.165333
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2512.14486'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.165333
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         9'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2512.14486
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Open Journal of Astrophysics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2565-6120
publication_status: published
publisher: Maynooth Academic Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: 'A first systematic study of [OIII] 88μm at z>8: two luminous oxygen lines
  and a powerful ionized outflow in the first 600 million years'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 9
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '22920'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Two-player games on graphs are a classical framework for analyzing strategic
    decision making. In turn-based games, two players move a token along the edges
    of the graph, and the right to move the token is determined by the current vertex.
    In traditional bidding games - referred to as pure bidding games - the right to
    move the token is determined at each step through bidding; here we consider Richman
    bidding, where the winning player of a bid pays the losing player. The winner
    is decided based on a temporal or quantitative specification evaluated over the
    resulting infinite play.\r\nIn this work, we combine turn-based games and pure
    bidding games into generalized bidding games, with player-1 vertices, player-2
    vertices, and bidding vertices. This natural and simple generalization of bidding
    games has far-reaching consequences. First, we show that, as a model, generalized
    bidding games are more expressive than pure bidding games, and we provide several
    applications. Second, and most importantly, we show that generalized Richman bidding
    games are structurally equivalent to simple stochastic games, a well-studied model:
    they are linearly interreducible to each other. As was previously known, the special
    case of pure Richman bidding games corresponds to random-turn games. In other
    words, generalized bidding games extend pure bidding games in the same way that
    simple stochastic games extend random-turn games. We use this connection to solve
    generalized Richman bidding games for temporal (parity) and quantitative (mean-payoff
    and discounted-sum) specifications. From a computational perspective, we establish
    that generalized bidding games with parity and mean-payoff specifications retain
    the best known upper bounds for turn-based games and pure bidding games, namely
    NP∩coNP.\r\nFinally, we study a repair problem that asks whether bidding vertices
    can be assigned \"owners\" so as to bring the threshold budget required to win
    the game below a given target. This problem has direct applications in compositional
    policy synthesis for multi-objective settings, and we show it to be NP-complete."
acknowledgement: "The research was partially supported by Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
  10.55776/COE12,\r\nERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt), FWF-2022-SFB F8502 (SPyCoDe), ERC-2020-AdG
  101020093\r\n(VAMOS), and the RYC2024-049116-I grant funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033
  and\r\nESF+.\r\n"
alternative_title:
- LIPIcs
article_number: 13:1-13:20
article_processing_charge: Yes
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Ali
  full_name: Asadi, Ali
  id: 02d96aae-000e-11ec-b801-cadd0a5eefbb
  last_name: Asadi
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000-0002-2985-7724
- first_name: Ehsan
  full_name: Kafshdar Goharshadi, Ehsan
  id: 103b4fa0-896a-11ed-bdf8-87b697bef40d
  last_name: Kafshdar Goharshadi
  orcid: 0000-0002-8595-0587
- first_name: Pavol
  full_name: Kebis, Pavol
  id: 2e0132b3-4e98-11ef-b275-cf7281c2802a
  last_name: Kebis
- first_name: Kaushik
  full_name: Mallik, Kaushik
  id: 0834ff3c-6d72-11ec-94e0-b5b0a4fb8598
  last_name: Mallik
  orcid: 0000-0001-9864-7475
citation:
  ama: 'Asadi A, Henzinger TA, Goharshady E, Kebis P, Mallik K. Generalized bidding
    games: Where bidding and stochastic games meet. In: <i>37th International Conference
    on Concurrency Theory</i>. Vol 391. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik;
    2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.13">10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.13</a>'
  apa: 'Asadi, A., Henzinger, T. A., Goharshady, E., Kebis, P., &#38; Mallik, K. (2026).
    Generalized bidding games: Where bidding and stochastic games meet. In <i>37th
    International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i> (Vol. 391). Liverpool, United
    Kingdom: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.13">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.13</a>'
  chicago: 'Asadi, Ali, Thomas A Henzinger, Ehsan Goharshady, Pavol Kebis, and Kaushik
    Mallik. “Generalized Bidding Games: Where Bidding and Stochastic Games Meet.”
    In <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>, Vol. 391. Schloss
    Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.13">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.13</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. Asadi, T. A. Henzinger, E. Goharshady, P. Kebis, and K. Mallik, “Generalized
    bidding games: Where bidding and stochastic games meet,” in <i>37th International
    Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 2026, vol. 391.'
  ista: 'Asadi A, Henzinger TA, Goharshady E, Kebis P, Mallik K. 2026. Generalized
    bidding games: Where bidding and stochastic games meet. 37th International Conference
    on Concurrency Theory. CONCUR: Conference on Concurrency Theory, LIPIcs, vol.
    391, 13:1-13:20.'
  mla: 'Asadi, Ali, et al. “Generalized Bidding Games: Where Bidding and Stochastic
    Games Meet.” <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>, vol.
    391, 13:1-13:20, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.13">10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.13</a>.'
  short: A. Asadi, T.A. Henzinger, E. Goharshady, P. Kebis, K. Mallik, in:, 37th International
    Conference on Concurrency Theory, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik,
    2026.
conference:
  end_date: 2026-09-04
  location: Liverpool, United Kingdom
  name: 'CONCUR: Conference on Concurrency Theory'
  start_date: 2026-09-01
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-13T22:01:53Z
date_published: 2026-08-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T09:44:41Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: KrCh
- _id: ToHe
doi: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.13
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2606.29420'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: de9af748d78fa42c173f68a71cbbd8d9
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2026-09-17T09:43:28Z
  date_updated: 2026-09-17T09:43:28Z
  file_id: '22946'
  file_name: 2026_LIPIcsCONCUR_Asadi.pdf
  file_size: 1175682
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-09-17T09:43:28Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.13
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       391'
keyword:
- Bidding Games
- Stochastic Games
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 4029cfc7-b034-11f1-9e55-88ab2ff3b6ee
  grant_number: COE12
  name: Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Chatterjee)
- _id: 0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '863818'
  name: 'Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications'
- _id: 34a1b658-11ca-11ed-8bc3-c75229f0241e
  grant_number: F8502
  name: Interface Theory for Security and Privacy
- _id: 62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '101020093'
  name: Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software
publication: 37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1868-8969
  isbn:
  - '9783959774475'
publication_status: published
publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: 'Generalized bidding games: Where bidding and stochastic games meet'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 391
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '22919'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Reachability is the most fundamental logical objective, yet it is notoriously
    difficult to learn in reinforcement learning settings: even for Markov decision
    processes, PAC learning of reachability is impossible without additional assumptions.
    This difficulty also holds in turn-based stochastic games (TBSGs), where two adversarial
    players interact on a finite state space. In this work, we consider turn-based
    stochastic games with reachability objectives. For such settings, adversarial
    learning, in which players are adversarial even in the learning phase, is impossible.
    Therefore, the goal is to consider learning, in which both players learn the unknown
    model together. In this spirit, previous literature on PAC learning in TBSGs considers
    (a) public information shared by both players; and (b) centralized learning, which
    means that players share the same learning algorithm. In this work, our contribution
    is two-fold. First, we relax these strong assumptions and ensure learning: (i)
    with private information not shared with the other player; and (ii) decentralized
    learning where the players do not share the same learning algorithm. To the best
    of our knowledge, this work is the first positive result for decentralized and
    private information learning of TBSGs with reachability objectives. Second, we
    introduce a game-theoretic generalization of the Expected Conditional Distance
    (ECD) parameter, which measures the expected length of reaching the target set.
    We establish a polynomial-sample complexity bound with respect to the number of
    states, actions, ECD parameter, and inverses of error tolerance and failure probability.'
acknowledgement: "The research was partially supported by Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
  10.55776/COE12,\r\nERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt), FWF-2022-SFB F8502 (SPyCoDe), and
  ERC-2020-AdG 101020093\r\n(VAMOS) grants."
alternative_title:
- LIPIcs
article_number: 12:1-12:23
article_processing_charge: Yes
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Ali
  full_name: Asadi, Ali
  id: 02d96aae-000e-11ec-b801-cadd0a5eefbb
  last_name: Asadi
- first_name: Krishnendu
  full_name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu
  id: 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Chatterjee
  orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X
- first_name: Pavol
  full_name: Kebis, Pavol
  id: 2e0132b3-4e98-11ef-b275-cf7281c2802a
  last_name: Kebis
citation:
  ama: 'Asadi A, Chatterjee K, Kebis P. PAC learning in turn-based stochastic games
    with reachability objectives: A decentralized private approach via expected conditional
    distance. In: <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>. Vol
    391. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik; 2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.12">10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.12</a>'
  apa: 'Asadi, A., Chatterjee, K., &#38; Kebis, P. (2026). PAC learning in turn-based
    stochastic games with reachability objectives: A decentralized private approach
    via expected conditional distance. In <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency
    Theory</i> (Vol. 391). Liverpool, United Kingdom: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum
    für Informatik. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.12">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.12</a>'
  chicago: 'Asadi, Ali, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Pavol Kebis. “PAC Learning in Turn-Based
    Stochastic Games with Reachability Objectives: A Decentralized Private Approach
    via Expected Conditional Distance.” In <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency
    Theory</i>, Vol. 391. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.12">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.12</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. Asadi, K. Chatterjee, and P. Kebis, “PAC learning in turn-based stochastic
    games with reachability objectives: A decentralized private approach via expected
    conditional distance,” in <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>,
    Liverpool, United Kingdom, 2026, vol. 391.'
  ista: 'Asadi A, Chatterjee K, Kebis P. 2026. PAC learning in turn-based stochastic
    games with reachability objectives: A decentralized private approach via expected
    conditional distance. 37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory. CONCUR:
    Conference on Concurrency Theory, LIPIcs, vol. 391, 12:1-12:23.'
  mla: 'Asadi, Ali, et al. “PAC Learning in Turn-Based Stochastic Games with Reachability
    Objectives: A Decentralized Private Approach via Expected Conditional Distance.”
    <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>, vol. 391, 12:1-12:23,
    Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.12">10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.12</a>.'
  short: A. Asadi, K. Chatterjee, P. Kebis, in:, 37th International Conference on
    Concurrency Theory, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026.
conference:
  end_date: 2026-09-04
  location: Liverpool, United Kingdom
  name: 'CONCUR: Conference on Concurrency Theory'
  start_date: 2026-09-01
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-13T22:01:53Z
date_published: 2026-08-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T09:51:25Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: KrCh
- _id: ToHe
doi: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.12
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2607.14877'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 2e6c55b65d9d7ce436a6f59e81d7ba17
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2026-09-17T09:50:00Z
  date_updated: 2026-09-17T09:50:00Z
  file_id: '22947'
  file_name: 2026_LIPIcsCONCUR_Asadi2.pdf
  file_size: 959234
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-09-17T09:50:00Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.12
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       391'
keyword:
- formal methods
- games and logic
- logical aspects of AI
- model checking
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 4029cfc7-b034-11f1-9e55-88ab2ff3b6ee
  grant_number: COE12
  name: Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Chatterjee)
- _id: 0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '863818'
  name: 'Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications'
- _id: 34a1b658-11ca-11ed-8bc3-c75229f0241e
  grant_number: F8502
  name: Interface Theory for Security and Privacy
- _id: 62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '101020093'
  name: Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software
publication: 37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1868-8969
  isbn:
  - '9783959774475'
publication_status: published
publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: 'PAC learning in turn-based stochastic games with reachability objectives:
  A decentralized private approach via expected conditional distance'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 391
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '22918'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Given a weighted digraph G, a (t,g,μ)-DAG cover is a collection of g dominating
    DAGs D_1,… ,D_g such that all distances are approximately preserved: for every
    pair (u,v) of vertices, min_id_{D_i}(u,v) ≤ t⋅ d_G(u,v), and the total number
    of non-G edges is bounded by |(∪_i D_i)⧵ G| ≤ μ. Assadi, Hoppenworth, and Wein
    [STOC 25] and Filtser [SODA 26] studied DAG covers for general digraphs. This
    paper initiates the study of Steiner DAG cover, where the DAGs are allowed to
    contain Steiner points. \r\nWe obtain Steiner DAG covers on the important classes
    of planar digraphs and low-treewidth digraphs. Specifically, we show that any
    digraph with treewidth tw admits a (1,2,Õ(n⋅tw))-Steiner DAG cover. For planar
    digraphs we provide a (1+ε,2,Õ_ε(n))-Steiner DAG cover.\r\nWe also demonstrate
    a stark difference between Steiner and non-Steiner DAG covers. As a lower bound,
    we show that any non-Steiner DAG cover for graphs with treewidth 1 with stretch
    t < 2 and sub-quadratic number of extra edges requires Ω(log n) DAGs."
acknowledgement: "This work was initiated at Dagstuhl Seminar 25212: Metric Sketching
  and\r\nDynamic Algorithms for Geometric and Topological Graphs. We thank the organizers
  and other\r\nparticipants for a productive environment.\r\nujoy Bhore: Work supported
  in part by ANRF ARG-MATRICS, Grant 002465.\r\nHsien-Chih Chang: Supported by the
  U.S. National Science Foundation Grant No. CCF-2443017.\r\nJonathan Conroy: Supported
  by the U.S. National Science Foundation Grant No. CCF-2443017.\r\nArnold Filtser:
  This research was supported by the ISRAEL SCIENCE FOUNDATION (grant No.\r\n1042/22).\r\nEunjin
  Oh: Supported by Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning &\r\nEvaluation
  (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. RS-2024-00440239, Sublinear\r\nScalable
  Algorithms for Large-Scale Data Analysis) and the National Research Foundation of
  Korea\r\n(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. RS-2024-00358505).\r\nNicole
  Wein: Supported by NSF CAREER award 2541910.\r\nDa Wei Zheng: This project has received
  funding from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grant\r\nDOI 10.55776/I5982. For open
  access purposes, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright\r\nlicense to any
  author-accepted manuscript version arising from this submission."
alternative_title:
- LIPIcs
article_number: 94:1-94:18
article_processing_charge: Yes
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Sujoy
  full_name: Bhore, Sujoy
  last_name: Bhore
- first_name: Hsien Chih
  full_name: Chang, Hsien Chih
  last_name: Chang
- first_name: Jonathan
  full_name: Conroy, Jonathan
  last_name: Conroy
- first_name: Arnold
  full_name: Filtser, Arnold
  last_name: Filtser
- first_name: Eunjin
  full_name: Oh, Eunjin
  last_name: Oh
- first_name: Nicole
  full_name: Wein, Nicole
  last_name: Wein
- first_name: Da Wei
  full_name: Zheng, Da Wei
  id: af77956b-e859-11ef-8dc9-d301b898e32f
  last_name: Zheng
citation:
  ama: 'Bhore S, Chang HC, Conroy J, et al. DAG covers for structured graphs: The
    Steiner point effect. In: <i>34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i>.
    Vol 388. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik; 2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.94">10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.94</a>'
  apa: 'Bhore, S., Chang, H. C., Conroy, J., Filtser, A., Oh, E., Wein, N., &#38;
    Zheng, D. W. (2026). DAG covers for structured graphs: The Steiner point effect.
    In <i>34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i> (Vol. 388). L’Aquila, Italy:
    Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.94">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.94</a>'
  chicago: 'Bhore, Sujoy, Hsien Chih Chang, Jonathan Conroy, Arnold Filtser, Eunjin
    Oh, Nicole Wein, and Da Wei Zheng. “DAG Covers for Structured Graphs: The Steiner
    Point Effect.” In <i>34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i>, Vol. 388.
    Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.94">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.94</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. Bhore <i>et al.</i>, “DAG covers for structured graphs: The Steiner point
    effect,” in <i>34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i>, L’Aquila, Italy,
    2026, vol. 388.'
  ista: 'Bhore S, Chang HC, Conroy J, Filtser A, Oh E, Wein N, Zheng DW. 2026. DAG
    covers for structured graphs: The Steiner point effect. 34th Annual European Symposium
    on Algorithms. ESA: European Symposium on Algorithms, LIPIcs, vol. 388, 94:1-94:18.'
  mla: 'Bhore, Sujoy, et al. “DAG Covers for Structured Graphs: The Steiner Point
    Effect.” <i>34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i>, vol. 388, 94:1-94:18,
    Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.94">10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.94</a>.'
  short: S. Bhore, H.C. Chang, J. Conroy, A. Filtser, E. Oh, N. Wein, D.W. Zheng,
    in:, 34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum
    für Informatik, 2026.
conference:
  end_date: 2026-09-04
  location: L’Aquila, Italy
  name: 'ESA: European Symposium on Algorithms'
  start_date: 2026-08-31
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-13T22:01:53Z
date_published: 2026-08-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T10:27:46Z
day: '25'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: MoHe
doi: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.94
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2604.04186'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 2082683b3b72865c6a795305e5d61276
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2026-09-17T10:09:22Z
  date_updated: 2026-09-17T10:09:22Z
  file_id: '22948'
  file_name: 2026_LIPIcsESA_Bhore.pdf
  file_size: 1123327
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-09-17T10:09:22Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.94
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       388'
keyword:
- Directed graphs
- DAG (directed acyclic graphs)
- distortion
- metric embeddings
- planar graph
- treewidth
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: bda196b2-d553-11ed-ba76-8e8ee6c21103
  grant_number: I05982
  name: Static and Dynamic Hierarchical Graph Decompositions
publication: 34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783959774451'
  issn:
  - 1868-8969
publication_status: published
publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: 'DAG covers for structured graphs: The Steiner point effect'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 388
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '22917'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'A heap is a dynamic data structure that stores a set of labeled values under
    the following operations: pop returns the minimum value of the heap, Push(x_i)
    pushes a new value x_i onto the heap, and DecreaseKey(i, v) decreases the value
    x_i to v. A working-set heap is a heap that supports the x_i ← pop() operation
    in O(log Γ(x_i)) time where Γ(x_i) is the size of the working set: the number
    of elements that were pushed onto the heap while x_i was in the heap. The goal
    of working set heap design is to maintain the working set property while minimizing
    the overhead of the Push and DecreaseKey operations. On a word RAM, there exist
    working set heaps that support Push and DecreaseKey in amortized constant time.
    In this paper, we show via a simple construction that pointer machines, one of
    the most general and least-assuming computational models, support working set
    heaps that support Push in amortized constant time and DecreaseKey in inverse-Ackermann
    time. A by-product of this analysis is that Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm
    can be near-universally optimal on a pointer machine - incurring only an additive
    O(m α(m)) overhead compared to the optimal running time for distance ordering,
    where m denotes the number of edges in the graph.'
acknowledgement: "Ivor van der Hoog, Eva Rotenberg, and Daniel Rutschmann thank the
  VILLUM Foundation\r\ngrant (VIL37507) “Efficient Recomputations for Changeful Problems”
  for supporting this work.\r\nDaniel Rutschmann is supported by the European Research
  Council (ERC) under the European\r\nUnion’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
  programme (No. 101019564) . John Iacono\r\nis supported by the Fonds de la Recherche
  Scientifique – FNRS.This work started at Dagstuhl 25191: Adaptive and Scalable Data
  Structures.\r\n\r\n"
alternative_title:
- LIPIcs
article_number: 45:1-45:13
article_processing_charge: Yes
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Ivor
  full_name: Van Der Hoog, Ivor
  last_name: Van Der Hoog
- first_name: John
  full_name: Iacono, John
  last_name: Iacono
- first_name: Eva
  full_name: Rotenberg, Eva
  last_name: Rotenberg
- first_name: Daniel P
  full_name: Rutschmann, Daniel P
  id: 7397d908-b582-11f0-bf73-88b902e86527
  last_name: Rutschmann
citation:
  ama: 'Van Der Hoog I, Iacono J, Rotenberg E, Rutschmann DP. Near-optimal working-set
    heaps and dijkstra on pointer machines. In: <i>34th Annual European Symposium
    on Algorithms</i>. Vol 388. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik;
    2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.45">10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.45</a>'
  apa: 'Van Der Hoog, I., Iacono, J., Rotenberg, E., &#38; Rutschmann, D. P. (2026).
    Near-optimal working-set heaps and dijkstra on pointer machines. In <i>34th Annual
    European Symposium on Algorithms</i> (Vol. 388). L’Aquila, Italy: Schloss Dagstuhl
    - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.45">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.45</a>'
  chicago: Van Der Hoog, Ivor, John Iacono, Eva Rotenberg, and Daniel P Rutschmann.
    “Near-Optimal Working-Set Heaps and Dijkstra on Pointer Machines.” In <i>34th
    Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i>, Vol. 388. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum
    für Informatik, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.45">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.45</a>.
  ieee: I. Van Der Hoog, J. Iacono, E. Rotenberg, and D. P. Rutschmann, “Near-optimal
    working-set heaps and dijkstra on pointer machines,” in <i>34th Annual European
    Symposium on Algorithms</i>, L’Aquila, Italy, 2026, vol. 388.
  ista: 'Van Der Hoog I, Iacono J, Rotenberg E, Rutschmann DP. 2026. Near-optimal
    working-set heaps and dijkstra on pointer machines. 34th Annual European Symposium
    on Algorithms. ESA: European Symposium on Algorithms, LIPIcs, vol. 388, 45:1-45:13.'
  mla: Van Der Hoog, Ivor, et al. “Near-Optimal Working-Set Heaps and Dijkstra on
    Pointer Machines.” <i>34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms</i>, vol. 388,
    45:1-45:13, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.45">10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.45</a>.
  short: I. Van Der Hoog, J. Iacono, E. Rotenberg, D.P. Rutschmann, in:, 34th Annual
    European Symposium on Algorithms, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik,
    2026.
conference:
  end_date: 2026-09-04
  location: L’Aquila, Italy
  name: 'ESA: European Symposium on Algorithms'
  start_date: 2026-08-31
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-13T22:01:53Z
date_published: 2026-08-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T10:35:56Z
day: '25'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: MoHe
doi: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.45
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2604.24134'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 52e7cb8881060e8f17b89cd46504f445
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2026-09-17T10:33:12Z
  date_updated: 2026-09-17T10:33:12Z
  file_id: '22949'
  file_name: 2026_LIPIcsESA_vanderHoog2.pdf
  file_size: 792024
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-09-17T10:33:12Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2026.45
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       388'
keyword:
- Data structures
- graph algorithms
- amortized analysis
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: bd9ca328-d553-11ed-ba76-dc4f890cfe62
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '101019564'
  name: The design and evaluation of modern fully dynamic data structures
publication: 34th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1868-8969
  isbn:
  - '9783959774451'
publication_status: published
publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: no
title: Near-optimal working-set heaps and dijkstra on pointer machines
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 388
year: '2026'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '22408'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Solitons—localized wave packets that travel without spreading—play a central
    role in understanding transport and properties of nonlinear systems. In quantum
    many-body systems, however, such robust excitations are typically destroyed by
    thermalization. Here, we theoretically demonstrate the existence of solitonic
    excitations in high-energy states of Rydberg atom chains in the regime of strong
    nearest-neighbor Rydberg blockade. These localized wave packets propagate directionally
    atop a special class of reviving initial states related to quantum many-body scars
    and are capable of carrying energy. Exhibiting long coherence times, these states
    constitute a form of non-ergodic quantum dynamics and can be efficiently implemented
    on Rydberg atom simulators. In this work, in addition to a phenomenological description
    of solitons, we identify their counterpart in a classical nonlinear dynamical
    system, demonstrate their potential use in quantum information transfer, and conjecture
    their relevance for anomalous energy transport reported in numerical studies of
    Rydberg atom arrays.
acknowledgement: We acknowledge useful discussions with J.-S. Caux, E. Demler, J.
  Dubail, F. Essler, J. Feldmeier, S. Garratt, W. W. Ho, M. Lukin, Z. Papic, S. Rotter,
  F. Surace, and R. Vasseur. J.-Y.D. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s
  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie
  Grant Agreement No. 101034413. M. L. acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC-2111—390814868.
  We acknowledge support by the Erwin Schrödinger International Institute for Mathematics
  and Physics (ESI). This research was funded in part by the Austrian Science Fund
  (FWF) https://doi.org/10.55776/COE1 and the European Union—NextGenerationEU. This
  research was supported in part by grant NSF PHY2309135 to the Kavli Institute for
  Theoretical Physics (KITP).
article_number: '8783'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Aron
  full_name: Kerschbaumer, Aron
  id: ade85a9c-3200-11ee-973b-91c1eb240410
  last_name: Kerschbaumer
  orcid: 0009-0002-2370-8661
- first_name: Jean-Yves Marc
  full_name: Desaules, Jean-Yves Marc
  id: 6c292945-a610-11ed-9eec-c3be1ad62a80
  last_name: Desaules
  orcid: 0000-0002-3749-6375
- first_name: Marko
  full_name: Ljubotina, Marko
  id: F75EE9BE-5C90-11EA-905D-16643DDC885E
  last_name: Ljubotina
  orcid: 0000-0003-0038-7068
- first_name: Maksym
  full_name: Serbyn, Maksym
  id: 47809E7E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Serbyn
  orcid: 0000-0002-2399-5827
citation:
  ama: Kerschbaumer A, Desaules J-YM, Ljubotina M, Serbyn M. Quasi-solitons in Rydberg
    atom chains. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2026;17. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-75598-1">10.1038/s41467-026-75598-1</a>
  apa: Kerschbaumer, A., Desaules, J.-Y. M., Ljubotina, M., &#38; Serbyn, M. (2026).
    Quasi-solitons in Rydberg atom chains. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer
    Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-75598-1">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-75598-1</a>
  chicago: Kerschbaumer, Aron, Jean-Yves Marc Desaules, Marko Ljubotina, and Maksym
    Serbyn. “Quasi-Solitons in Rydberg Atom Chains.” <i>Nature Communications</i>.
    Springer Nature, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-75598-1">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-75598-1</a>.
  ieee: A. Kerschbaumer, J.-Y. M. Desaules, M. Ljubotina, and M. Serbyn, “Quasi-solitons
    in Rydberg atom chains,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 17. Springer Nature,
    2026.
  ista: Kerschbaumer A, Desaules J-YM, Ljubotina M, Serbyn M. 2026. Quasi-solitons
    in Rydberg atom chains. Nature Communications. 17, 8783.
  mla: Kerschbaumer, Aron, et al. “Quasi-Solitons in Rydberg Atom Chains.” <i>Nature
    Communications</i>, vol. 17, 8783, Springer Nature, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-75598-1">10.1038/s41467-026-75598-1</a>.
  short: A. Kerschbaumer, J.-Y.M. Desaules, M. Ljubotina, M. Serbyn, Nature Communications
    17 (2026).
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: The raw data used to generate the figures are available
  at ref54.The TEBD algorithm used in this work was implemented using the ITensor
  library48,49 and the integration of the classical differential equations was performed
  via SciPy’s Runge-Kutta RK45 integrator52,53. The code used in this study to produce
  the plots from the shared data is available at ref.54.
date_created: 2026-07-27T07:26:27Z
date_published: 2026-08-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T10:54:09Z
day: '21'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: MaSe
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-75598-1
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '42469244'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 2e12ade81e19b7eea099a2196217edff
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2026-09-09T07:04:48Z
  date_updated: 2026-09-09T07:04:48Z
  file_id: '22863'
  file_name: 2026_NatureComm_Kerschbaumer.pdf
  file_size: 1337815
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-09-09T07:04:48Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-75598-1
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        17'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '101034413'
  name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program'
- _id: 92c64506-16d5-11f0-9cad-87ce313ee832
  grant_number: COE01
  name: Quantum Science Austria (Serbyn)
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '21960'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
researchdata_availability: yes
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Quasi-solitons in Rydberg atom chains
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 17
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: repository
_id: '21960'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Solitons - localized wave packets that travel without spreading - play a
    central role in understanding transport and properties of nonlinear systems. In
    quantum many-body systems, however, such robust excitations are typically destroyed
    by thermalization. Here, we theoretically demonstrate the existence of solitonic
    excitations in high-energy states of Rydberg atom chains in the regime of strong
    nearest-neighbor Rydberg blockade. \r\nThese localized wave packets propagate
    directionally atop a special class of reviving initial states related to quantum
    many-body scars and are capable of carrying energy. Exhibiting long coherence
    times, these states constitute a form of non-ergodic quantum dynamics and can
    be efficiently implemented on Rydberg atom simulators. In this work, in addition
    to a phenomenological description of solitons, we identify their counterpart in
    a classical nonlinear dynamical system, demonstrate their potential use in quantum
    information transfer, and conjecture their relevance for anomalous energy transport
    reported in numerical studies of Rydberg atom arrays."
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Aron
  full_name: Kerschbaumer, Aron
  id: ade85a9c-3200-11ee-973b-91c1eb240410
  last_name: Kerschbaumer
  orcid: 0009-0002-2370-8661
citation:
  ama: 'Kerschbaumer A. Research Data: “Quasi-solitons in Rydberg atom chains.” 2026.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21960">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21960</a>'
  apa: 'Kerschbaumer, A. (2026). Research Data: “Quasi-solitons in Rydberg atom chains.”
    Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21960">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21960</a>'
  chicago: 'Kerschbaumer, Aron. “Research Data: ‘Quasi-Solitons in Rydberg Atom Chains.’”
    Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21960">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21960</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. Kerschbaumer, “Research Data: ‘Quasi-solitons in Rydberg atom chains.’”
    Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.'
  ista: 'Kerschbaumer A. 2026. Research Data: ‘Quasi-solitons in Rydberg atom chains’,
    Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21960">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21960</a>.'
  mla: 'Kerschbaumer, Aron. <i>Research Data: “Quasi-Solitons in Rydberg Atom Chains.”</i>
    Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21960">10.15479/AT-ISTA-21960</a>.'
  short: A. Kerschbaumer, (2026).
contributor:
- contributor_type: contact_person
  first_name: Aron
  id: ade85a9c-3200-11ee-973b-91c1eb240410
  last_name: Kerschbaumer
  orcid: 0009-0002-2370-8661
- contributor_type: supervisor
  first_name: Maksym
  id: 47809E7E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Serbyn
  orcid: 0000-0002-2399-5827
- contributor_type: researcher
  first_name: Jean-Yves Marc
  id: 6c292945-a610-11ed-9eec-c3be1ad62a80
  last_name: Desaules
  orcid: 0000-0002-3749-6375
- contributor_type: researcher
  first_name: Marko
  last_name: Ljubotina
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-06-09T07:17:50Z
date_published: 2026-06-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T10:54:08Z
day: '16'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: MaSe
doi: 10.15479/AT-ISTA-21960
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 133269a105e996c6c44fdd56128259c7
  content_type: text/plain
  creator: akerschb
  date_created: 2026-06-15T22:01:57Z
  date_updated: 2026-06-15T22:01:57Z
  file_id: '22010'
  file_name: README.txt
  file_size: 1940
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 759f9649c3919f4c4ad37a1d104ea32a
  content_type: application/zip
  creator: akerschb
  date_created: 2026-06-15T22:02:07Z
  date_updated: 2026-06-15T22:02:07Z
  file_id: '22011'
  file_name: Soliton_Data.zip
  file_size: 13259747
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-06-15T22:02:07Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21960
has_accepted_license: '1'
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '101034413'
  name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program'
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '22408'
    relation: used_in_publication
    status: public
status: public
title: 'Research Data: "Quasi-solitons in Rydberg atom chains"'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC (4.0)
type: research_data
user_id: 68b8ca59-c5b3-11ee-8790-cd641c68093d
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '22941'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Argonaute proteins mediate RNA interference in eukaryotes and nucleic‐acid
    defence in prokaryotes. Although these systems operate in distinct biological
    contexts and produce diverse downstream outcomes, they share a conserved structural
    architecture and mechanism of guide‐dependent target recognition. Here, we argue
    that Argonautes function as programmable surveillance platforms that kinetically
    sample nucleic acids, engage targets through sequential pairing and conformational
    checkpoints, and couple recognition to functional outputs through regulated structural
    transitions. Rather than representing distinct recognition mechanisms, the diverse
    targeting behaviours observed across Argonaute families reflect different implementations
    of this shared framework, in which guide biogenesis, target accessibility, pairing
    requirements and effector coupling are weighted differently according to biological
    context. Viewing Argonautes through this common operational logic reconciles apparent
    differences in specificity, mismatch tolerance and target selection across systems,
    while providing a unified conceptual framework for understanding their evolution
    and guiding the engineering of programmable nucleic‐acid recognition technologies.
acknowledgement: I would like to thank K. Kiernan and F. Alcon for insightful comments
  and feedback. We acknowledge support from ISTA and from the Austrian Science Fund
  (FWF) (10.55776/PAT1617625). The author used Claude (Anthropic) to assist with improving
  the clarity and readability of portions of the manuscript. All scientific content,
  interpretation and conclusions were conceived, verified and approved by the author,
  who takes full responsibility for the final manuscript. Open Access funding provided
  by Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
article_number: 1873-3468.70450
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jack Peter Kelly
  full_name: Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly
  id: 96aecfa5-8931-11ee-af30-aa6a5d6eee0e
  last_name: Bravo
  orcid: 0000-0003-0456-0753
citation:
  ama: Bravo JPK. ‘Guide and Prejudice’ -  How Argonautes recognize targets across
    domains of life. <i>FEBS Letters</i>. 2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70450">10.1002/1873-3468.70450</a>
  apa: Bravo, J. P. K. (2026). ‘Guide and Prejudice’ -  How Argonautes recognize targets
    across domains of life. <i>FEBS Letters</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70450">https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70450</a>
  chicago: Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly. “‘Guide and Prejudice’ -  How Argonautes Recognize
    Targets across Domains of Life.” <i>FEBS Letters</i>. Wiley, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70450">https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70450</a>.
  ieee: J. P. K. Bravo, “‘Guide and Prejudice’ -  How Argonautes recognize targets
    across domains of life,” <i>FEBS Letters</i>. Wiley, 2026.
  ista: Bravo JPK. 2026. ‘Guide and Prejudice’ -  How Argonautes recognize targets
    across domains of life. FEBS Letters., 1873–3468.70450.
  mla: Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly. “‘Guide and Prejudice’ -  How Argonautes Recognize
    Targets across Domains of Life.” <i>FEBS Letters</i>, 1873–3468.70450, Wiley,
    2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70450">10.1002/1873-3468.70450</a>.
  short: J.P.K. Bravo, FEBS Letters (2026).
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-17T09:31:02Z
date_published: 2026-09-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T11:48:51Z
day: '08'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: JaBr
doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.70450
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '42711859'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70450
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.70450
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 9f295cab-ad08-11f1-bc83-9e197d0f6d50
  grant_number: PAT1617625
  name: 'Search & Destroy: Mechanisms of anti-plasmid immunity'
publication: FEBS Letters
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1873-3468
  issn:
  - 0014-5793
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: no
title: ‘Guide and Prejudice’ -  How Argonautes recognize targets across domains of
  life
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2026'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21501'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Kinetically constrained models were originally introduced to capture slow
    relaxation in glassy systems, where dynamics are hindered by local constraints
    instead of energy barriers. Their quantum counterparts have recently drawn attention
    for exhibiting highly degenerate eigenstates at zero energy—known as zero modes—stemming
    from chiral symmetry. Yet, the structure and implications of these zero modes
    remain poorly understood. In this work, we focus on the properties of the zero
    mode subspace in quantum kinetically constrained models with a U(1) particle-conservation
    symmetry. We use the U(1) East, which lacks inversion symmetry, and the inversion-symmetric
    U(1) East-West models to illustrate our two main results. First, we observe that
    the simultaneous presence of constraints and chiral symmetry generally leads to
    a parametric increase in the number of zero modes due to the fragmentation of
    the many-body\r\nHilbert space into disconnected sectors. Second, we generalize
    the concept of compact localized states from single-particle physics and introduce
    the notion of collective bound states, a special kind of nonergodic eigenstates
    that are robust to enlarging the system size. We formulate sufficient criteria
    for their existence, arguing that the degenerate zero mode subspace plays a central
    role, and demonstrate bound states in both example models and in a two-dimensional
    model, the U(1) North-East, and in the pairflip model, a system without particle
    conservation. Our results motivate a systematic study of bound states and their
    relation to ergodicity breaking, transport, and other properties of quantum kinetically
    constrained\r\nmodels. "
acknowledgement: The authors acknowledge useful discussions with Berislav Buca. This
  work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s
  Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No. 850899). M.L.
  acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research
  Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC-2111—390814868. This research
  was supported in part by grant NSF PHY-2309135 to the Kavli Institute for Theoretical
  Physics (KITP).
article_number: '010352'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Eulalia
  full_name: Nicolau Jimenez, Eulalia
  id: 04b4791c-8fd7-11ee-a7df-be2fdc569c48
  last_name: Nicolau Jimenez
- first_name: Marko
  full_name: Ljubotina, Marko
  id: F75EE9BE-5C90-11EA-905D-16643DDC885E
  last_name: Ljubotina
  orcid: 0000-0003-0038-7068
- first_name: Maksym
  full_name: Serbyn, Maksym
  id: 47809E7E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Serbyn
  orcid: 0000-0002-2399-5827
citation:
  ama: Nicolau Jimenez E, Ljubotina M, Serbyn M. Fragmentation, zero modes, and collective
    bound states in constrained models. <i>PRX Quantum</i>. 2026;7. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/sl79-1xgb">10.1103/sl79-1xgb</a>
  apa: Nicolau Jimenez, E., Ljubotina, M., &#38; Serbyn, M. (2026). Fragmentation,
    zero modes, and collective bound states in constrained models. <i>PRX Quantum</i>.
    American Physical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/sl79-1xgb">https://doi.org/10.1103/sl79-1xgb</a>
  chicago: Nicolau Jimenez, Eloi, Marko Ljubotina, and Maksym Serbyn. “Fragmentation,
    Zero Modes, and Collective Bound States in Constrained Models.” <i>PRX Quantum</i>.
    American Physical Society, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/sl79-1xgb">https://doi.org/10.1103/sl79-1xgb</a>.
  ieee: E. Nicolau Jimenez, M. Ljubotina, and M. Serbyn, “Fragmentation, zero modes,
    and collective bound states in constrained models,” <i>PRX Quantum</i>, vol. 7.
    American Physical Society, 2026.
  ista: Nicolau Jimenez E, Ljubotina M, Serbyn M. 2026. Fragmentation, zero modes,
    and collective bound states in constrained models. PRX Quantum. 7, 010352.
  mla: Nicolau Jimenez, Eloi, et al. “Fragmentation, Zero Modes, and Collective Bound
    States in Constrained Models.” <i>PRX Quantum</i>, vol. 7, 010352, American Physical
    Society, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/sl79-1xgb">10.1103/sl79-1xgb</a>.
  short: E. Nicolau Jimenez, M. Ljubotina, M. Serbyn, PRX Quantum 7 (2026).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-03-28T14:57:56Z
date_published: 2026-03-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T11:50:06Z
day: '13'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: MaSe
doi: 10.1103/sl79-1xgb
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2504.17627'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: d155ffa9e1a8275702149165f4bf963c
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2026-03-30T06:08:07Z
  date_updated: 2026-03-30T06:08:07Z
  file_id: '21505'
  file_name: 2026_PRXQuantum_Nicolau.pdf
  file_size: 1848724
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-03-30T06:08:07Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1103/sl79-1xgb
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         7'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 23841C26-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '850899'
  name: 'Non-Ergodic Quantum Matter: Universality, Dynamics and Control'
publication: PRX Quantum
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2691-3399
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Fragmentation, zero modes, and collective bound states in constrained models
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 7
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '22245'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "A single-commodity congestion approximator for a graph is a compact data
    structure that approximately predicts the edge congestion required to route any
    set of single-commodity flow demands in a network. A hierarchical congestion approximator
    (HCA) consists of a laminar family of cuts in the graph and has numerous applications
    in approximating cut and flow problems in graphs, designing efficient routing
    schemes, and managing distributed networks.\r\nThere is a tradeoff between the
    running time for computing an HCA and its approximation quality. The best polynomial-time
    construction in an n-node graph gives an HCA with approximation quality O(log1.5n
    loglogn). Among near-linear time algorithms, the best previous result achieves
    approximation quality O(log4 n). We improve upon the latter result by giving the
    first near-linear time algorithm for computing an HCA with approximation quality
    O(log2 n loglogn). Additionally, our algorithm can be implemented in the parallel
    setting with polylogarithmic span and near-linear work, achieving the same approximation
    quality. This improves upon the best previous such algorithm, which has an O(log9n)
    approximation quality. We also present a lower bound of Ω(logn) for the approximation
    guarantee of hierarchical congestion approximators.\r\nCrucial for achieving a
    near-linear running time is a new partitioning routine that, unlike previous such
    routines, manages to avoid recursing on large subgraphs. To achieve the improved
    approximation quality, we introduce the new concept of border routability of a
    cut and provide an improved sparsest cut oracle for general vertex weights."
acknowledgement: "We thank Evangelos Kosinas for helpful discussions on this topic.\r\nFunded
  by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed\r\nare however those of the
  author(s) only and do not necessarily\r\nreflect those of the European Union or
  the European Research\r\nCouncil Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor
  the\r\ngranting authority can be held responsible for them.\r\nThis project has
  received funding from the European Research\r\nCouncil (ERC) under the European
  Union’s Horizon 2020 research\r\nand innovation programme (MoDynStruct, No. 101019564)\r\nand
  the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grant DOI 10.55776/I5982. For\r\nopen access purposes,
  the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any author-accepted manuscript
  version arising\r\nfrom this submission.\r\nThis project has received funding from
  the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 498605858."
article_processing_charge: Yes
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Monika H
  full_name: Henzinger, Monika H
  id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530
- first_name: Robin
  full_name: Münk, Robin
  last_name: Münk
- first_name: Harald
  full_name: Räcke, Harald
  last_name: Räcke
citation:
  ama: 'Henzinger M, Münk R, Räcke H. An improved quality hierarchical congestion
    approximator in near-linear time. In: <i>58th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of
    Computing</i>. ACM; 2026:1417-1428. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800851">10.1145/3798129.3800851</a>'
  apa: 'Henzinger, M., Münk, R., &#38; Räcke, H. (2026). An improved quality hierarchical
    congestion approximator in near-linear time. In <i>58th Annual ACM Symposium on
    Theory of Computing</i> (pp. 1417–1428). Salt Lake City, UT, United States: ACM.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800851">https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800851</a>'
  chicago: Henzinger, Monika, Robin Münk, and Harald Räcke. “An Improved Quality Hierarchical
    Congestion Approximator in Near-Linear Time.” In <i>58th Annual ACM Symposium
    on Theory of Computing</i>, 1417–28. ACM, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800851">https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800851</a>.
  ieee: M. Henzinger, R. Münk, and H. Räcke, “An improved quality hierarchical congestion
    approximator in near-linear time,” in <i>58th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of
    Computing</i>, Salt Lake City, UT, United States, 2026, pp. 1417–1428.
  ista: 'Henzinger M, Münk R, Räcke H. 2026. An improved quality hierarchical congestion
    approximator in near-linear time. 58th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing.
    STOC: Symposium on the Theory of Computing, 1417–1428.'
  mla: Henzinger, Monika, et al. “An Improved Quality Hierarchical Congestion Approximator
    in Near-Linear Time.” <i>58th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing</i>,
    ACM, 2026, pp. 1417–28, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800851">10.1145/3798129.3800851</a>.
  short: M. Henzinger, R. Münk, H. Räcke, in:, 58th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory
    of Computing, ACM, 2026, pp. 1417–1428.
conference:
  end_date: 2026-06-26
  location: Salt Lake City, UT, United States
  name: 'STOC: Symposium on the Theory of Computing'
  start_date: 2026-06-22
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-07-05T22:01:36Z
date_published: 2026-06-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T12:39:36Z
day: '09'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: MoHe
doi: 10.1145/3798129.3800851
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2511.03716'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 2bef46be8da6d19a641697bb0d8ade65
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2026-07-06T06:57:16Z
  date_updated: 2026-07-06T06:57:16Z
  file_id: '22250'
  file_name: 2026_STOC_HenzingerMo.pdf
  file_size: 919005
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-07-06T06:57:16Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800851
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Congestion Approximators
- Hierarchical Graph Decompositions
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1417-1428
project:
- _id: bd9ca328-d553-11ed-ba76-dc4f890cfe62
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '101019564'
  name: The design and evaluation of modern fully dynamic data structures
- _id: bda196b2-d553-11ed-ba76-8e8ee6c21103
  grant_number: I05982
  name: Static and Dynamic Hierarchical Graph Decompositions
publication: 58th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9798400725364'
  issn:
  - 0737-8017
publication_status: published
publisher: ACM
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: no
title: An improved quality hierarchical congestion approximator in near-linear time
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '21921'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "A variety of problems in geometry processing boil down to finding the most\r\nparallel
    field relative to a connection. Instances of this prototypical problem\r\nshow
    up in computing direction fields and stripe patterns, quadrilateral\r\nmeshing,
    and visualization of fluid flows. When the class of allowed fields\r\nincludes
    those with topological defects, a relaxation is required to make\r\nthe problem
    well-posed. We observe that these problems can be viewed\r\nas synchronization
    problems, which admit a natural semidefinite relaxation.\r\nWe propose a unified
    method of solving all these problems via the efficient\r\nBurer-Monteiro factorization
    method. Geometrically, this amounts to lifting the field values to a higher-dimensional
    manifold, naturally resolving\r\nthe singular nature of defects. Practically,
    we show that our convex relaxation method achieves better and more reliable optima
    than previous work\r\nemploying alternative relaxations"
acknowledgement: "The authors thank Steven J. Gortler and Nicolas Boumal for interesting
  discussions.\r\nDavid Palmer acknowledges the generous support of the NSF\r\nMSPRF
  under award #2303403 during his time at Harvard University.\r\nNatalia Pacheco-Tallaj
  was supported by the NSF DGE-2141064.\r\nMattéo Couplet was supported by Wallonie-Bruxelles
  International"
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Natalia
  full_name: Pacheco-Tallaj, Natalia
  last_name: Pacheco-Tallaj
- first_name: Matteo
  full_name: Couplet, Matteo
  last_name: Couplet
- first_name: Edward
  full_name: Chien, Edward
  last_name: Chien
- first_name: David
  full_name: Palmer, David
  id: 6574708f-2fd3-11f0-89e2-ae42ebc712a4
  last_name: Palmer
  orcid: 0000-0002-1931-5673
citation:
  ama: 'Pacheco-Tallaj N, Couplet M, Chien E, Palmer D. Synchronizing fields with
    singularities. In: <i>SIGGRAPH Conference Papers</i>. ACM; 2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3799902.3811225">10.1145/3799902.3811225</a>'
  apa: 'Pacheco-Tallaj, N., Couplet, M., Chien, E., &#38; Palmer, D. (2026). Synchronizing
    fields with singularities. In <i>SIGGRAPH Conference Papers</i>. Los Angeles,
    CA, United States: ACM. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3799902.3811225">https://doi.org/10.1145/3799902.3811225</a>'
  chicago: Pacheco-Tallaj, Natalia, Matteo Couplet, Edward Chien, and David Palmer.
    “Synchronizing Fields with Singularities.” In <i>SIGGRAPH Conference Papers</i>.
    ACM, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3799902.3811225">https://doi.org/10.1145/3799902.3811225</a>.
  ieee: N. Pacheco-Tallaj, M. Couplet, E. Chien, and D. Palmer, “Synchronizing fields
    with singularities,” in <i>SIGGRAPH Conference Papers</i>, Los Angeles, CA, United
    States, 2026.
  ista: 'Pacheco-Tallaj N, Couplet M, Chien E, Palmer D. 2026. Synchronizing fields
    with singularities. SIGGRAPH Conference Papers. SIGGRAPH: International Conference
    and Exhibition on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques.'
  mla: Pacheco-Tallaj, Natalia, et al. “Synchronizing Fields with Singularities.”
    <i>SIGGRAPH Conference Papers</i>, ACM, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3799902.3811225">10.1145/3799902.3811225</a>.
  short: N. Pacheco-Tallaj, M. Couplet, E. Chien, D. Palmer, in:, SIGGRAPH Conference
    Papers, ACM, 2026.
conference:
  end_date: 2026-07-23
  location: Los Angeles, CA, United States
  name: 'SIGGRAPH: International Conference and Exhibition on Computer Graphics and
    Interactive Techniques'
  start_date: 2026-07-19
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-05-29T12:53:59Z
date_published: 2026-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-17T12:37:42Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: ChWo
doi: 10.1145/3799902.3811225
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 501e37133361dd0de7f817644e8915da
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2026-09-17T12:36:14Z
  date_updated: 2026-09-17T12:36:14Z
  file_id: '22962'
  file_name: 2026_ACMSiggraph_PachecoTallaj.pdf
  file_size: 39559100
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-09-17T12:36:14Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1145/3799902.3811225
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: SIGGRAPH Conference Papers
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - '9798400725548'
publication_status: published
publisher: ACM
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
status: public
supplementarymaterial: no
title: Synchronizing fields with singularities
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
    (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
_id: '22808'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "As automated decision-makers have become ubiquitous in many domains of life,\r\ntheir
    decisions have become increasingly consequential. Recent years have shown\r\nthat
    such systems can exhibit discriminatory behaviour against individuals and\r\nsocial
    groups alike, thereby amplifying existing biases and entrenching\r\nsocio-economic
    disparities over time. Algorithmic fairness addresses this\r\nproblem by developing
    methods to quantify and mitigate unfair behaviour.\r\nHowever, much of the existing
    literature studies fairness in a static\r\npre-deployment setting and, therefore,
    neglects that automated decision-makers are\r\noften deployed in dynamic environments,
    where their behaviour and the\r\npopulations they affect may change over time.\r\n\r\nThis
    thesis addresses this gap through the lens of runtime verification.\r\nInstead
    of treating fairness as a property of a classifier together with a fixed\r\ninput
    distribution, it reframes fairness as a property of the interaction trace\r\nbetween
    the decision-maker and its deployment environment. To evaluate such\r\nsequential
    fairness properties, the thesis develops runtime monitors that\r\nobserve the
    evolving interaction between the system and the environment and\r\nissue verdicts
    after each new observation. Because, these monitors are designed to detect\r\nunfair
    behaviour during deployment, they complement fair training,\r\nauditing, verification,
    and enforcement by providing an additional layer of mathematically rigorous fairness
    assurance.\r\n\r\nIn summary, the thesis develops quantitative, trace-based analogues
    of\r\nclassical group and individual fairness measures and constructs monitors
    for\r\nthem. This includes monitors for long-run group fairness over Markovian
    traces,\r\nfor the time-varying welfare of a changing population in a dynamical
    system, and\r\nfor the individual fairness of an arbitrary system generating a
    trace of inputs\r\nand outputs. To achieve this, the monitors combine ideas from
    runtime\r\nverification, sequential statistics, and nearest-neighbour search.
    In the\r\ngroup-fairness settings, monitoring is primarily a sequential statistical\r\nestimation
    problem: the monitor must construct statistically sound interval\r\nestimates
    of fairness values from dependent and partially observed interactions.\r\nIn the
    individual-fairness setting, the main challenge is computational\r\nefficiency:
    the monitor must detect individual fairness violations by efficiently comparing
    the\r\ncurrent decision with all previously observed decisions.\r\n"
acknowledgement: "This work was supported in part by the ERC-2020-AdG 101020093 (VAMOS).\r\n"
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Konstantin
  full_name: Kueffner, Konstantin
  id: 8121a2d0-dc85-11ea-9058-af578f3b4515
  last_name: Kueffner
  orcid: 0000-0001-8974-2542
citation:
  ama: Kueffner K. Monitoring algorithmic fairness in sequential decision making.
    2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22808">10.15479/AT-ISTA-22808</a>
  apa: Kueffner, K. (2026). <i>Monitoring algorithmic fairness in sequential decision
    making</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22808">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22808</a>
  chicago: Kueffner, Konstantin. “Monitoring Algorithmic Fairness in Sequential Decision
    Making.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22808">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22808</a>.
  ieee: K. Kueffner, “Monitoring algorithmic fairness in sequential decision making,”
    Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.
  ista: Kueffner K. 2026. Monitoring algorithmic fairness in sequential decision making.
    Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
  mla: Kueffner, Konstantin. <i>Monitoring Algorithmic Fairness in Sequential Decision
    Making</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22808">10.15479/AT-ISTA-22808</a>.
  short: K. Kueffner, Monitoring Algorithmic Fairness in Sequential Decision Making,
    Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-09-05T15:59:19Z
date_published: 2026-09-07T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-18T07:41:29Z
day: '07'
ddc:
- '000'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: ToHe
doi: 10.15479/AT-ISTA-22808
doi_confirm: '1'
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: closed
  checksum: 716ce44a6ed9a727f231bdebdeecc741
  content_type: application/zip
  creator: kkueffne
  date_created: 2026-09-11T07:32:13Z
  date_updated: 2026-09-11T07:32:13Z
  file_id: '22903'
  file_name: Thesis_Konstantin_Kueffner-3.zip
  file_size: 26356903
  relation: source_file
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 77082e90b8330fb46f585843840c5d5c
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: kkueffne
  date_created: 2026-09-11T07:32:17Z
  date_updated: 2026-09-11T07:32:17Z
  file_id: '22904'
  file_name: Thesis_Konstantin_Kueffner-2.pdf
  file_size: 10051715
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2026-09-11T07:32:17Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22808
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '183'
project:
- _id: 62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '101020093'
  name: Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 978-3-99078-089-3
  issn:
  - 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '13310'
    relation: part_of_dissertation
    status: public
  - id: '14454'
    relation: part_of_dissertation
    status: public
  - id: '20292'
    relation: part_of_dissertation
    status: public
  - id: '21090'
    relation: part_of_dissertation
    status: public
  - id: '13228'
    relation: part_of_dissertation
    status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000-0002-2985-7724
title: Monitoring algorithmic fairness in sequential decision making
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
_id: '22873'
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: ScienComp
- _id: CampIT
acknowledgement: I acknowledge funding by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [10.55776/PAT8537123].
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Ehrmann, Andreas
  id: eaa689ed-f6e0-11ea-865d-bd98cbcf83c2
  last_name: Ehrmann
  orcid: 0000-0002-0997-5678
citation:
  ama: 'Ehrmann A. Biological functionality without biochemistry: Designing nanomachines
    for target behavior. 2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22873">10.15479/AT-ISTA-22873</a>'
  apa: 'Ehrmann, A. (2026). <i>Biological functionality without biochemistry: Designing
    nanomachines for target behavior</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22873">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22873</a>'
  chicago: 'Ehrmann, Andreas. “Biological Functionality without Biochemistry: Designing
    Nanomachines for Target Behavior.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
    2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22873">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22873</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. Ehrmann, “Biological functionality without biochemistry: Designing nanomachines
    for target behavior,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.'
  ista: 'Ehrmann A. 2026. Biological functionality without biochemistry: Designing
    nanomachines for target behavior. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.'
  mla: 'Ehrmann, Andreas. <i>Biological Functionality without Biochemistry: Designing
    Nanomachines for Target Behavior</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
    2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22873">10.15479/AT-ISTA-22873</a>.'
  short: 'A. Ehrmann, Biological Functionality without Biochemistry: Designing Nanomachines
    for Target Behavior, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.'
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-09T12:18:24Z
date_published: 2026-09-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-18T11:28:29Z
day: '04'
ddc:
- '530'
- '600'
- '621'
- '004'
- '005'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: CaGo
- _id: EdHa
doi: 10.15479/AT-ISTA-22873
doi_confirm: '1'
file:
- access_level: closed
  checksum: a5e3d79e0e5f3f4fb3c414e48116dc9e
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: aehrmann
  date_created: 2026-09-11T07:23:57Z
  date_updated: 2026-09-17T08:59:39Z
  embargo: 2027-01-15
  embargo_to: open_access
  file_id: '22901'
  file_name: 2026_Ehrmann_Andreas_Thesis.pdf
  file_size: 14782662
  relation: main_file
- access_level: closed
  checksum: 0235b9c52fee0c97f402f1c3d4efc1eb
  content_type: application/zip
  creator: aehrmann
  date_created: 2026-09-11T07:24:14Z
  date_updated: 2026-09-11T07:24:14Z
  description: All LaTeX files to compile my PhD Thesis.
  file_id: '22902'
  file_name: thesis_latex_files.zip
  file_size: 155228
  relation: source_file
file_date_updated: 2026-09-17T08:59:39Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22873
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- PhD Thesis
- functional nanomachines
- biological functionality
- nanotechnology
- energy delivery
- target behavior
- dynamics
- design principles
- optimization
- differentiable statistical physics
- machine learning
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
month: '09'
oa_version: Published Version
page: '168'
project:
- _id: 90a98bb5-16d5-11f0-9cad-9675f3f8015d
  grant_number: PAT 8537123
  name: Functional bio-inspired nanomachines from sticky colloids
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 978-3-99078-092-3
  issn:
  - 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '22893'
    relation: part_of_dissertation
    status: public
  - id: '22892'
    relation: part_of_dissertation
    status: public
researchdata_availability: upon request
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Carl Peter
  full_name: Goodrich, Carl Peter
  id: EB352CD2-F68A-11E9-89C5-A432E6697425
  last_name: Goodrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-1307-5074
- first_name: Edouard B
  full_name: Hannezo, Edouard B
  id: 3A9DB764-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hannezo
  orcid: 0000-0001-6005-1561
supplementarymaterial: not applicable
title: 'Biological functionality without biochemistry: Designing nanomachines for
  target behavior'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc_sa.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC
    BY-NC-SA 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)
type: dissertation
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '22893'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Many biological machines function through controlled conformational transitions,
    yet designing synthetic nanostructures with prescribed dynamical behavior remains
    a major challenge. Here, we develop a modular inverse-design framework for bistable
    nanostructures whose function is controlled by an energy profile along a geometric
    reaction coordinate. Inspired by proteins with rigid domains connected by flexible
    hinges, we introduce a hinge-arm paradigm in which a small bistable hinge controls
    the energetics of a conformational transition, while rigid arms map this transition
    onto the separation between external binding sites. Specifically, we ask which
    features of a target energy profile can be programmed under different design constraints.
    We find that the energy barriers and the binding-site separations in the two metastable
    states can be readily designed, while controlling the location of the transition
    state or the full shape of the energy profile requires additional design freedom.
    Using a differentiable design framework, we find that some optimized solutions
    are numerically inexact but still display the functional behavior for which the
    target profile was selected, emphasizing the importance of function-based evaluation
    criteria. These results establish a practical hierarchy of designability for bistable
    nanostructures and provide a route toward synthetic nanomachines that couple conformational
    transitions to target behavior.
acknowledgement: "We thank Maitane Muñoz-Basagoiti for stimulating\r\ndiscussions.
  This research was funded in part by the\r\nAustrian Science Fund (FWF) [10.55776/PAT8537123].\r\n"
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Ehrmann, Andreas
  id: eaa689ed-f6e0-11ea-865d-bd98cbcf83c2
  last_name: Ehrmann
  orcid: 0000-0002-0997-5678
- first_name: Marija
  full_name: Krstić, Marija
  id: a8f6d1c6-3200-11ee-973b-dab948eace26
  last_name: Krstić
- first_name: Sahar
  full_name: Samadzadeh, Sahar
  id: 0099896b-5fb8-11ef-8420-b30b14627e93
  last_name: Samadzadeh
- first_name: Carl Peter
  full_name: Goodrich, Carl Peter
  id: EB352CD2-F68A-11E9-89C5-A432E6697425
  last_name: Goodrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-1307-5074
citation:
  ama: Ehrmann A, Krstić M, Samadzadeh S, Goodrich CP. Designing bistable nanostructures
    for target behavior. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.31620">10.48550/arXiv.2606.31620</a>
  apa: Ehrmann, A., Krstić, M., Samadzadeh, S., &#38; Goodrich, C. P. (n.d.). Designing
    bistable nanostructures for target behavior. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.31620">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.31620</a>
  chicago: Ehrmann, Andreas, Marija Krstić, Sahar Samadzadeh, and Carl Peter Goodrich.
    “Designing Bistable Nanostructures for Target Behavior.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.31620">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.31620</a>.
  ieee: A. Ehrmann, M. Krstić, S. Samadzadeh, and C. P. Goodrich, “Designing bistable
    nanostructures for target behavior,” <i>arXiv</i>. .
  ista: Ehrmann A, Krstić M, Samadzadeh S, Goodrich CP. Designing bistable nanostructures
    for target behavior. arXiv, <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.31620">10.48550/arXiv.2606.31620</a>.
  mla: Ehrmann, Andreas, et al. “Designing Bistable Nanostructures for Target Behavior.”
    <i>ArXiv</i>, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.31620">10.48550/arXiv.2606.31620</a>.
  short: A. Ehrmann, M. Krstić, S. Samadzadeh, C.P. Goodrich, ArXiv (n.d.).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-09-09T13:19:13Z
date_published: 2026-06-30T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-18T11:28:28Z
day: '30'
department:
- _id: CaGo
- _id: EdHa
- _id: AnSa
doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2606.31620
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2606.31620'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.31620
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.31620
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
- _id: 90a98bb5-16d5-11f0-9cad-9675f3f8015d
  grant_number: PAT 8537123
  name: Functional bio-inspired nanomachines from sticky colloids
publication: arXiv
publication_status: draft
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '22873'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
status: public
title: Designing bistable nanostructures for target behavior
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
    (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: preprint
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: repository
_id: '22892'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Countless biological processes are fueled by energy-rich molecules like ATP
    and GTP that supply energy with extreme efficiency. However, designing similar
    energy-delivery schemes from the bottom up, essential for the development of powered
    nanostructures and other \emph{de novo} machinery, presents a significant challenge:
    how can an energy-rich structure be stable in solution yet still deliver this
    energy at precisely the right time? In this paper, we present a purely physical
    mechanism that solves this challenge, facilitating energy transfer akin to ATP
    hydrolysis, yet occurring between synthetic nanostructures without any biochemical
    interactions. This targeted energy delivery is achieved by exploiting a differentiable
    state-based model to balance the energy profiles that govern the structural transitions
    in the two nanostructures, creating a coupled relaxation pathway with minimal
    barriers that facilitates energy delivery. We verify the effectiveness and robustness
    of this mechanism through Langevin Dynamics simulations, demonstrating that a
    bath of the high-energy structures can systematically and repeatedly drive the
    target structure out of equilibrium, enabling it to perform tasks. As the mechanism
    operates only through explicit physical forces without any biochemistry or internal
    state variables, our results present generic and far-reaching design principles,
    setting the stage for the next generation of synthetic nanomachines.'
acknowledgement: "We thank Edouard Hannezo, Ella King, Maximilian Lechner, and Jérémie
  Palacci for stimulating discussions, and Edouard Hannezo, Maximilian Hübl, and\r\nMaitane
  Muñoz-Basagoiti for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was funded
  in part by the\r\nAustrian Science Fund (FWF) [10.55776/PAT8537123]."
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Ehrmann, Andreas
  id: eaa689ed-f6e0-11ea-865d-bd98cbcf83c2
  last_name: Ehrmann
  orcid: 0000-0002-0997-5678
- first_name: Carl Peter
  full_name: Goodrich, Carl Peter
  id: EB352CD2-F68A-11E9-89C5-A432E6697425
  last_name: Goodrich
  orcid: 0000-0002-1307-5074
citation:
  ama: Ehrmann A, Goodrich CP. Controlling energy delivery with bistable nanostructures.
    <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266">10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266</a>
  apa: Ehrmann, A., &#38; Goodrich, C. P. (n.d.). Controlling energy delivery with
    bistable nanostructures. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266</a>
  chicago: Ehrmann, Andreas, and Carl Peter Goodrich. “Controlling Energy Delivery
    with Bistable Nanostructures.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266</a>.
  ieee: A. Ehrmann and C. P. Goodrich, “Controlling energy delivery with bistable
    nanostructures,” <i>arXiv</i>. .
  ista: Ehrmann A, Goodrich CP. Controlling energy delivery with bistable nanostructures.
    arXiv, <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266">10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266</a>.
  mla: Ehrmann, Andreas, and Carl Peter Goodrich. “Controlling Energy Delivery with
    Bistable Nanostructures.” <i>ArXiv</i>, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266">10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266</a>.
  short: A. Ehrmann, C.P. Goodrich, ArXiv (n.d.).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-09-09T13:16:54Z
date_published: 2026-06-07T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-18T11:28:29Z
day: '07'
department:
- _id: CaGo
- _id: EdHa
doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2506.14266'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.14266
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
- _id: 90a98bb5-16d5-11f0-9cad-9675f3f8015d
  grant_number: PAT 8537123
  name: Functional bio-inspired nanomachines from sticky colloids
publication: arXiv
publication_status: draft
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '22873'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
status: public
title: Controlling energy delivery with bistable nanostructures
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
    (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: preprint
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '22894'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Large-scale deep learning models are known to memorize parts of the training\r\nset.
    In machine learning theory, memorization is often framed as interpolation or\r\nlabel
    fitting, and classical results show that this can be achieved when the number\r\nof
    parameters p in the model is larger than the number of training samples n. In\r\nthis
    work, we consider memorization from the perspective of data reconstruction,\r\ndemonstrating
    that this can be achieved when p is larger than dn, where d is\r\nthe dimensionality
    of the data. More specifically, we show that, in the random\r\nfeatures model,
    when p ≫ dn, the subspace spanned by the training samples in\r\nfeature space
    gives sufficient information to identify the individual samples in input\r\nspace.
    Our analysis suggests an optimization method to reconstruct the dataset\r\nfrom
    the model parameters, and we demonstrate that this method performs well on\r\nvarious
    architectures (random features, two-layer fully-connected and deep residual\r\nnetworks).
    Our results reveal a law of data reconstruction, according to which the\r\nentire
    training dataset can be recovered as p exceeds the threshold dn.\r\n"
acknowledgement: "M.M. is funded by the European Union (ERC, INF2\r\n, project number
  101161364). S.B. was supported\r\nby a Google PhD fellowship. L.I. acknowledges
  the grant received from the European Union NextGenerationEU (Piano Nazionale di
  Ripresa E Resilienza (PNRR)) DM 351 on Trustworthy AI. T.T. &\r\nL.I. acknowledge
  the EU project ELSA - European Lighthouse on Secure and Safe AI. This study was\r\ncarried
  out within the FAIR - Future Artificial Intelligence Research and received funding
  from the\r\nEuropean Union Next-GenerationEU (PIANO NAZIONALE DI RIPRESA E RESILIENZA
  (PNRR)\r\n– MISSIONE 4 COMPONENTE 2, INVESTIMENTO 1.3 – D.D. 1555 11/10/2022, PE00000013).\r\nThis
  manuscript reflects only the authors’ views and opinions, neither the European Union
  nor the\r\nEuropean Commission can be considered responsible for them. The authors
  would like to thank\r\nYizhe Zhu for helpful discussions."
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Leonardo
  full_name: Iurada, Leonardo
  last_name: Iurada
- first_name: Simone
  full_name: Bombari, Simone
  id: ca726dda-de17-11ea-bc14-f9da834f63aa
  last_name: Bombari
- first_name: Tatiana
  full_name: Tommasi, Tatiana
  last_name: Tommasi
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Mondelli, Marco
  id: 27EB676C-8706-11E9-9510-7717E6697425
  last_name: Mondelli
  orcid: 0000-0002-3242-7020
citation:
  ama: 'Iurada L, Bombari S, Tommasi T, Mondelli M. A law of data reconstruction for
    random features (and beyond). In: <i>14th International Conference on Learning
    Representations</i>. Vol 2026. OpenReview; 2026:145275-145314.'
  apa: 'Iurada, L., Bombari, S., Tommasi, T., &#38; Mondelli, M. (2026). A law of
    data reconstruction for random features (and beyond). In <i>14th International
    Conference on Learning Representations</i> (Vol. 2026, pp. 145275–145314). Rio
    de Janeiro, Brazil: OpenReview.'
  chicago: Iurada, Leonardo, Simone Bombari, Tatiana Tommasi, and Marco Mondelli.
    “A Law of Data Reconstruction for Random Features (and Beyond).” In <i>14th International
    Conference on Learning Representations</i>, 2026:145275–314. OpenReview, 2026.
  ieee: L. Iurada, S. Bombari, T. Tommasi, and M. Mondelli, “A law of data reconstruction
    for random features (and beyond),” in <i>14th International Conference on Learning
    Representations</i>, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2026, vol. 2026, pp. 145275–145314.
  ista: 'Iurada L, Bombari S, Tommasi T, Mondelli M. 2026. A law of data reconstruction
    for random features (and beyond). 14th International Conference on Learning Representations.
    ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations  vol. 2026, 145275–145314.'
  mla: Iurada, Leonardo, et al. “A Law of Data Reconstruction for Random Features
    (and Beyond).” <i>14th International Conference on Learning Representations</i>,
    vol. 2026, OpenReview, 2026, pp. 145275–314.
  short: L. Iurada, S. Bombari, T. Tommasi, M. Mondelli, in:, 14th International Conference
    on Learning Representations, OpenReview, 2026, pp. 145275–145314.
conference:
  end_date: 2026-04-27
  location: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  name: 'ICLR: International Conference on Learning Representations '
  start_date: 2026-04-23
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-09T13:31:46Z
date_published: 2026-01-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-21T13:07:01Z
day: '26'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: MaMo
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2509.22214'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: a3dcba6649b7496124fa0ae68bf2c4cb
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: cchlebak
  date_created: 2026-09-11T12:07:48Z
  date_updated: 2026-09-11T12:07:48Z
  file_id: '22907'
  file_name: 2026_ICLR_Iurada.pdf
  file_size: 7869510
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-09-11T12:07:48Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '      2026'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 145275-145314
project:
- _id: 911e6d1f-16d5-11f0-9cad-c5c68c6a1cdf
  grant_number: '101161364'
  name: 'Inference in High Dimensions: Light-speed Algorithms and Information Limits'
- _id: 92099302-16d5-11f0-9cad-f9a785f54fbd
  name: 'Trustworthy Deep Learning Theory: Private Over-Parameterized Models and Robust
    LLMs'
publication: 14th International Conference on Learning Representations
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9798331339678'
publication_status: published
publisher: OpenReview
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '22857'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
status: public
title: A law of data reconstruction for random features (and beyond)
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
volume: 2026
year: '2026'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '22950'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Little red dots (LRDs) are compact, red sources discovered by JWST at high
    redshift (z ≳ 4), marked by distinctive “V-shaped” spectral energy distributions
    (SEDs) and often interpreted as rapidly accreting active galactic nuclei (AGNs).
    Their true nature remains unclear though, and their evolutionary connection to
    their lower-redshift counterparts is still poorly constrained. Thus, we present
    WISEA J123635.56+621424.2 (here dubbed the Saguaro), a z = 2.0145 galaxy in GOODS-North,
    as a possible analog of high-redshift LRDs and a potential missing link in their
    evolutionary path toward lower-redshift systems. It features a compact LRD-like
    nucleus surrounded by a face-on spiral host. Its connections to LRDs include the
    following: (1) its nuclear spectrum shows a clear “V-shaped” SED, and (2) when
    redshifted to z = 7, surface brightness dimming makes the host undetectable, thus
    mimicking an LRD. This suggests that high-redshift LRDs may be embedded in extended
    hosts. To test this, we stack rest-frame UV images of 99 photometrically selected
    LRDs, revealing faint, diffuse emission. Stacking in redshift bins reveals mild
    radial growth, consistent with the expected galaxy size evolution. A simple analytic
    model confirms that surface brightness dimming alone can explain their compact
    appearance. Lastly, we show that the Saguaro is not unique by describing similar
    objects from the literature at z ≲ 3.5. Taken together, our results support a
    scenario in which LRDs may not be a distinct population, but could be the visible
    nuclei of galaxies undergoing a short-lived, (perhaps) AGN-dominated evolutionary
    phase, with their compact, red appearance driven largely by observational biases.'
acknowledgement: "The authors thank the anonymous referee for constructive comments,
  which helped improve the manuscript. The authors also thank Xiaohui Fan, Xiaojing
  Lin, Camilla Pacifici, Marianna Annunziatella, Claudia Scarlata, Luis C. Ho, and
  Pablo G. Pérez-González for valuable discussions.\r\n\r\nThis work is based on observations
  made with the NASA/ESA/CSA JWST. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive
  for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated
  by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract
  NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with JWST programs GTO #1181,
  GTO #1211, GO #1895, GO #3577, and GO #6434 (F. Sun et al. 2025).\r\n\r\nSome of
  the data products presented herein were retrieved from the Dawn JWST Archive (DJA).
  DJA is an initiative of the Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), which is funded by the Danish
  National Research Foundation under grant DNRF140.\r\n\r\nThis research has made
  use of data obtained from the Chandra Data Archive provided by the Chandra X-ray
  Center (CXC).\r\n\r\nThe authors acknowledge the FRESCO team led by PI P. Oesch
  for developing their observing program with a zero-exclusive-access period. Processing
  for the JADES NIRCam data release was performed on the lux cluster at the University
  of California, Santa Cruz, funded by NSF MRI grant AST 1828315. Also based on observations
  made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope obtained from the Space Telescope
  Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research
  in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 526555. The data (G. Illingworth 2015;
  P. Oesch & D. Magee 2023; M. Rieke et al. 2023a; F. Sun & E. Egami 2025) presented
  in this article were obtained from MAST at the Space Telescope Science Institute.\r\n\r\nThe
  authors acknowledge use of the lux supercomputer at UC Santa Cruz, funded by NSF
  MRI grant AST 1828315.\r\n\r\nThe work of G.H.R. and P.R. was also supported by
  grant 80NSSC18K0555, from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to the University of
  Arizona.\r\n\r\nA.J.B. acknowledges funding from the “FirstGalaxies” Advanced grant
  from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020
  research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 789056)\r\n\r\nB.E.R. acknowledges
  support from the NIRCam Science Team contract to the University of Arizona, NAS5-02015,
  and JWST Program 3215.\r\n\r\nThe research of C.C.W. is supported by NOIRLab, which
  is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under
  a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.\r\n\r\nS.C. acknowledges
  support by the European Union’s HE ERC Starting grant No. 101040227 - WINGS.\r\n\r\nY.Z.,
  Z.J., B.D.J., C.N.A.W., and P.R. gratefully acknowledge the JWST/NIRCam contract
  to the University of Arizona NAS5-02015.\r\n\r\nS.A. acknowledges support from the
  JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) Science Team Lead, grant 80NSSC18K0555, from
  NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to the University of Arizona.\r\n\r\nR.M., F.D.E.
  acknowledge support by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), by
  the ERC through Advanced grant 695671 “QUENCH,” and by the UKRI Frontier Research
  grant RISEandFALL. R.M. also acknowledges funding from a research professorship
  from the Royal Society.\r\n\r\nL.B. acknowledges financial support from the Inter-University
  Institute for Data Intensive Astronomy (IDIA), a partnership of the University of
  Cape Town, the University of Pretoria and the University of the Western Cape, and
  from the South African Department of Science and Innovation’s National Research
  Foundation under the ISARP RADIOMAP+ Joint Research Scheme (DSI-NRF grant No. 150551)
  and the CPRR HIPPO Project (DSI-NRF grant No. SRUG22031677). C.J.E.G. acknowledges
  the financial assistance of the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO)
  (www.sarao.ac.za)."
article_number: '205'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Pierluigi
  full_name: Rinaldi, Pierluigi
  last_name: Rinaldi
- first_name: George H.
  full_name: Rieke, George H.
  last_name: Rieke
- first_name: Zihao
  full_name: Wu, Zihao
  last_name: Wu
- first_name: Carys J. E.
  full_name: Gilbert, Carys J. E.
  last_name: Gilbert
- first_name: Fabio
  full_name: Pacucci, Fabio
  last_name: Pacucci
- first_name: Luigi
  full_name: Barchiesi, Luigi
  last_name: Barchiesi
- first_name: Stacey
  full_name: Alberts, Stacey
  last_name: Alberts
- first_name: Stefano
  full_name: Carniani, Stefano
  last_name: Carniani
- first_name: Andrew J.
  full_name: Bunker, Andrew J.
  last_name: Bunker
- first_name: Rachana
  full_name: Bhatawdekar, Rachana
  last_name: Bhatawdekar
- first_name: Francesco
  full_name: D’Eugenio, Francesco
  last_name: D’Eugenio
- first_name: Zhiyuan
  full_name: Ji, Zhiyuan
  last_name: Ji
- first_name: Benjamin D.
  full_name: Johnson, Benjamin D.
  last_name: Johnson
- first_name: Kevin
  full_name: Hainline, Kevin
  last_name: Hainline
- first_name: Vasily
  full_name: Kokorev, Vasily
  last_name: Kokorev
- first_name: Nimisha
  full_name: Kumari, Nimisha
  last_name: Kumari
- first_name: Edoardo
  full_name: Iani, Edoardo
  id: 4053390a-6b68-11ef-9828-a3b8adef8d0a
  last_name: Iani
  orcid: 0000-0001-8386-3546
- first_name: Jianwei
  full_name: Lyu, Jianwei
  last_name: Lyu
- first_name: Roberto
  full_name: Maiolino, Roberto
  last_name: Maiolino
- first_name: Eleonora
  full_name: Parlanti, Eleonora
  last_name: Parlanti
- first_name: Brant E.
  full_name: Robertson, Brant E.
  last_name: Robertson
- first_name: Yang
  full_name: Sun, Yang
  last_name: Sun
- first_name: Cristian
  full_name: Vignali, Cristian
  last_name: Vignali
- first_name: Christina C.
  full_name: Williams, Christina C.
  last_name: Williams
- first_name: Christopher N. A.
  full_name: Willmer, Christopher N. A.
  last_name: Willmer
- first_name: Yongda
  full_name: Zhu, Yongda
  last_name: Zhu
citation:
  ama: 'Rinaldi P, Rieke GH, Wu Z, et al. Beyond the dot: An LRD-like nucleus at the
    heart of an IR-bright galaxy and its implications for high-redshift LRDs. <i>The
    Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2026;1006(2). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd">10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd</a>'
  apa: 'Rinaldi, P., Rieke, G. H., Wu, Z., Gilbert, C. J. E., Pacucci, F., Barchiesi,
    L., … Zhu, Y. (2026). Beyond the dot: An LRD-like nucleus at the heart of an IR-bright
    galaxy and its implications for high-redshift LRDs. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>.
    IOP Publishing. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd</a>'
  chicago: 'Rinaldi, Pierluigi, George H. Rieke, Zihao Wu, Carys J. E. Gilbert, Fabio
    Pacucci, Luigi Barchiesi, Stacey Alberts, et al. “Beyond the Dot: An LRD-like
    Nucleus at the Heart of an IR-Bright Galaxy and Its Implications for High-Redshift
    LRDs.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd</a>.'
  ieee: 'P. Rinaldi <i>et al.</i>, “Beyond the dot: An LRD-like nucleus at the heart
    of an IR-bright galaxy and its implications for high-redshift LRDs,” <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal</i>, vol. 1006, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2026.'
  ista: 'Rinaldi P, Rieke GH, Wu Z, Gilbert CJE, Pacucci F, Barchiesi L, Alberts S,
    Carniani S, Bunker AJ, Bhatawdekar R, D’Eugenio F, Ji Z, Johnson BD, Hainline
    K, Kokorev V, Kumari N, Iani E, Lyu J, Maiolino R, Parlanti E, Robertson BE, Sun
    Y, Vignali C, Williams CC, Willmer CNA, Zhu Y. 2026. Beyond the dot: An LRD-like
    nucleus at the heart of an IR-bright galaxy and its implications for high-redshift
    LRDs. The Astrophysical Journal. 1006(2), 205.'
  mla: 'Rinaldi, Pierluigi, et al. “Beyond the Dot: An LRD-like Nucleus at the Heart
    of an IR-Bright Galaxy and Its Implications for High-Redshift LRDs.” <i>The Astrophysical
    Journal</i>, vol. 1006, no. 2, 205, IOP Publishing, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd">10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd</a>.'
  short: P. Rinaldi, G.H. Rieke, Z. Wu, C.J.E. Gilbert, F. Pacucci, L. Barchiesi,
    S. Alberts, S. Carniani, A.J. Bunker, R. Bhatawdekar, F. D’Eugenio, Z. Ji, B.D.
    Johnson, K. Hainline, V. Kokorev, N. Kumari, E. Iani, J. Lyu, R. Maiolino, E.
    Parlanti, B.E. Robertson, Y. Sun, C. Vignali, C.C. Williams, C.N.A. Willmer, Y.
    Zhu, The Astrophysical Journal 1006 (2026).
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: "Facilities: CXO - Chandra X-ray Observatory satellite,
  HST - Hubble Space Telescope satellite, JWST - James Webb Space Telescope.\r\n\r\nSoftware:
  Astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2022), Bagpipes (A. C. Carnall et al. 2019),
  MSAEXP (G. Brammer 2023)NumPy (C. R. Harris et al. 2020), pandas (T. p. d team 2024)Photutils
  (L. Bradley et al. 2016), TOPCAT (M. Taylor 2022), CIAO (A. Fruscione et al. 2006),
  XSpec (K. Arnaud et al. 1999), STPSF (M. D. Perrin et al. 2014)."
date_created: 2026-09-17T11:05:32Z
date_published: 2026-07-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-22T06:14:37Z
day: '29'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: JoMa
doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2507.17738'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: ef77723c7b0fa7f82085eba8caec0cf3
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2026-09-22T06:13:50Z
  date_updated: 2026-09-22T06:13:50Z
  file_id: '22979'
  file_name: 2026_AstrophysicalJour_Rinaldi.pdf
  file_size: 6154775
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-09-22T06:13:50Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae80cd
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '      1006'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1538-4357
  issn:
  - 0004-637X
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: 'Beyond the dot: An LRD-like nucleus at the heart of an IR-bright galaxy and
  its implications for high-redshift LRDs'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 1006
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '22921'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Runtime monitoring of quantitative signals faces a fundamental trade-off
    between volatility and over-aggregation: instantaneous observations are noisy,
    while long-run averages obscure local structure. Localisation measures such as
    discounted averages offer a principled middle ground, yet remain poorly understood
    in runtime verification. This paper studies discounted sums from a monitoring
    perspective, in both deterministic and stochastic settings. We formalize the discounted
    monitoring problem and show that exact, sound monitoring of discounted sums cannot
    be achieved with finite memory. To overcome this impossibility, we introduce ε-approximately
    sound monitoring, deriving explicit bounds on memory and observation requirements.
    We then extend the framework to stochastic processes via expected discounted sums,
    defining pointwise and uniform (ε,δ)-soundness notions, establishing statistical
    optimality, and proving impossibility beyond a precision threshold. We also formalize
    the resource complexity of deterministic discounted monitoring via affine register
    machines and prove a tight worst-case lower bound. Finally, we present a specification
    language for arithmetic expressions over multiple discounted sums with synchronous
    and asynchronous semantics, and evaluate our approach on practical scenarios including
    algorithmic fairness.'
acknowledgement: "This work has been supported by the European Research Council under
  Grant No.: ERC2020-AdG 101020093 and ERC-2021-AdG 101055412.\r\nFilip Cano: ERC-2020-AdG
  101020093\r\nThomas A. Henzinger: ERC-2020-AdG 101020093\r\nKonstantin Kueffner:
  ERC-2020-AdG 101020093\r\nN. Ege Saraç: ERC-2021-AdG 101055412"
alternative_title:
- LIPIcs
article_number: 22:1-22:19
article_processing_charge: Yes
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Filip
  full_name: Cano Cordoba, Filip
  id: 708cad98-e86a-11ef-8098-bdae2d7c6af1
  last_name: Cano Cordoba
  orcid: 0000-0002-0783-904X
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000-0002-2985-7724
- first_name: Konstantin
  full_name: Kueffner, Konstantin
  id: 8121a2d0-dc85-11ea-9058-af578f3b4515
  last_name: Kueffner
  orcid: 0000-0001-8974-2542
- first_name: Naci E
  full_name: Sarac, Naci E
  id: 8C6B42F8-C8E6-11E9-A03A-F2DCE5697425
  last_name: Sarac
citation:
  ama: 'Cano Cordoba F, Henzinger TA, Kueffner K, Sarac NE. Monitoring discounted
    sum properties. In: <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>.
    Vol 391. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik; 2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22">10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22</a>'
  apa: 'Cano Cordoba, F., Henzinger, T. A., Kueffner, K., &#38; Sarac, N. E. (2026).
    Monitoring discounted sum properties. In <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency
    Theory</i> (Vol. 391). Liverpool, United Kingdom: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum
    für Informatik. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22</a>'
  chicago: Cano Cordoba, Filip, Thomas A Henzinger, Konstantin Kueffner, and Naci
    E Sarac. “Monitoring Discounted Sum Properties.” In <i>37th International Conference
    on Concurrency Theory</i>, Vol. 391. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik,
    2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22">https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22</a>.
  ieee: F. Cano Cordoba, T. A. Henzinger, K. Kueffner, and N. E. Sarac, “Monitoring
    discounted sum properties,” in <i>37th International Conference on Concurrency
    Theory</i>, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 2026, vol. 391.
  ista: 'Cano Cordoba F, Henzinger TA, Kueffner K, Sarac NE. 2026. Monitoring discounted
    sum properties. 37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory. CONCUR: Conference
    on Concurrency Theory, LIPIcs, vol. 391, 22:1-22:19.'
  mla: Cano Cordoba, Filip, et al. “Monitoring Discounted Sum Properties.” <i>37th
    International Conference on Concurrency Theory</i>, vol. 391, 22:1-22:19, Schloss
    Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22">10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22</a>.
  short: F. Cano Cordoba, T.A. Henzinger, K. Kueffner, N.E. Sarac, in:, 37th International
    Conference on Concurrency Theory, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik,
    2026.
conference:
  end_date: 2026-09-04
  location: Liverpool, United Kingdom
  name: 'CONCUR: Conference on Concurrency Theory'
  start_date: 2026-09-01
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '1'
dataavailabilitystatement: "Software (Source Code): https://github.com/filipcano/monitoringdiscounted-sum-properties
  [10]\r\narchived at swh:1:dir:cb99396415f279c985cd05206b44320227f64245\r\n"
date_created: 2026-09-13T22:01:54Z
date_published: 2026-08-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-22T06:02:06Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: ToHe
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2606.25979'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: f7b2e22428344fd7972c54f099df6aba
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2026-09-22T05:59:03Z
  date_updated: 2026-09-22T05:59:03Z
  file_id: '22978'
  file_name: 2026_LIPIcsCONCUR_Cano.pdf
  file_size: 997156
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-09-22T05:59:03Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2026.22
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       391'
keyword:
- Runtime Verification
- Probabilistic Systems
- Quantitative Verification
- Approximate Monitoring
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '101020093'
  name: Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software
publication: 37th International Conference on Concurrency Theory
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783959774475'
  issn:
  - 1868-8969
publication_status: published
publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: no
title: Monitoring discounted sum properties
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 391
year: '2026'
...
