---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '19964'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: It has been suggested that giant planet occurrence peaks for stars with M*
≈ 3 M⊙ at a value a factor of 4 higher than observed for solar-mass stars. This
population of giant planets predicted to frequently orbit main-sequence B stars
at a ≈ 10 au is difficult to characterize during the few hundred million years
while fusion persists in their host stars. By the time those stars become massive,
young white dwarfs, any giant planets present would still be luminous as a consequence
of their recent formation. From an initial sample of 2195 Gaia-identified massive,
young white dwarfs, we use homogeneous Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) photometry
to search for evidence of unresolved giant planets. For 30 systems, these IRAC
data provide sensitivity to objects with M ≲ 10 MJup, and we identify one candidate
with M ≈ 4 MJup orbiting the white dwarf GALEX J071816.4+373139. Correcting for
the possibility that some of the white dwarfs in our sample result from mergers,
we find a giant planet occurrence n GP = 0.11+0.13-0.07 for stars with initial
masses M* ≳ 3 M⊙. Our occurrence inference is consistent with both the Doppler-inferred
occurrence of giant planets orbiting M* ≈ 2 M⊙ giant stars and the theoretically
predicted factor of 4 enhancement in the occurrence of giant planets orbiting
M* ≈ 3 M⊙ stars relative to solar-mass stars. Future James Webb Space Telescope
NIRCam observations of our sample would provide sensitivity to Saturn-mass planets
and thereby a definitive estimate of the occurrence of giant planets orbiting
stars with M* ≳ 3 M⊙.
acknowledgement: "We thank Jay Farihi, Guangwei Fu, J. J. Hermes, Mary Anne Limbach,
and Daniel Thorngren for useful discussions. S.C. thanks Siyu Yao for her constant
inspiration and encouragement. S.C. acknowledges the support of the Martin A. and
Helen Chooljian Member Fund, funding from the Zurich Insurance Company, and the
Fund for Natural Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study. This work has made
use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia),
processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).
Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the
institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This work is based
in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated
by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract
with NASA. This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared
Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles,
and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made use of
the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology,
under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the
Exoplanet Exploration Program. This research has made use of NASA’s Astrophysics
Data System.\r\nFacilities: ADS - , ESO:VISTA - European Southern Observatory's
4.1 meter Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy, Exoplanet Archive
- , Gaia - , IRSA - , NEOWISE - , Spitzer - Spitzer Space Telescope satellite, UKIRT
- United Kingdom Infrared Telescope, WISE - Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.\r\nSoftware:
astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018, 2022), numpy (C. R. Harris et
al. 2020), matplotlib (J. D. Hunter 2007), R (R Core Team 2024), SciPy (P. Virtanen
et al. 2020)."
article_number: '47'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Sihao
full_name: Cheng, Sihao
last_name: Cheng
- first_name: Kevin C.
full_name: Schlaufman, Kevin C.
last_name: Schlaufman
- first_name: Ilaria
full_name: Caiazzo, Ilaria
id: 8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d
last_name: Caiazzo
orcid: 0000-0002-4770-5388
citation:
ama: Cheng S, Schlaufman KC, Caiazzo I. A candidate giant planet companion to the
massive, young White Dwarf GALEX J071816.4+373139 informs the occurrence of giant
planets orbiting B stars. The Astronomical Journal. 2025;170(1). doi:10.3847/1538-3881/addd21
apa: Cheng, S., Schlaufman, K. C., & Caiazzo, I. (2025). A candidate giant planet
companion to the massive, young White Dwarf GALEX J071816.4+373139 informs the
occurrence of giant planets orbiting B stars. The Astronomical Journal.
IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/addd21
chicago: Cheng, Sihao, Kevin C. Schlaufman, and Ilaria Caiazzo. “A Candidate Giant
Planet Companion to the Massive, Young White Dwarf GALEX J071816.4+373139 Informs
the Occurrence of Giant Planets Orbiting B Stars.” The Astronomical Journal.
IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/addd21.
ieee: S. Cheng, K. C. Schlaufman, and I. Caiazzo, “A candidate giant planet companion
to the massive, young White Dwarf GALEX J071816.4+373139 informs the occurrence
of giant planets orbiting B stars,” The Astronomical Journal, vol. 170,
no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2025.
ista: Cheng S, Schlaufman KC, Caiazzo I. 2025. A candidate giant planet companion
to the massive, young White Dwarf GALEX J071816.4+373139 informs the occurrence
of giant planets orbiting B stars. The Astronomical Journal. 170(1), 47.
mla: Cheng, Sihao, et al. “A Candidate Giant Planet Companion to the Massive, Young
White Dwarf GALEX J071816.4+373139 Informs the Occurrence of Giant Planets Orbiting
B Stars.” The Astronomical Journal, vol. 170, no. 1, 47, IOP Publishing,
2025, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/addd21.
short: S. Cheng, K.C. Schlaufman, I. Caiazzo, The Astronomical Journal 170 (2025).
date_created: 2025-07-06T22:01:22Z
date_published: 2025-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-19T09:31:41Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: IlCa
doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/addd21
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2408.03985'
isi:
- '001514518100001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 144b0e46aa3dff0cdf8c6ee7d4fe2fe4
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-07-08T06:40:54Z
date_updated: 2025-07-08T06:40:54Z
file_id: '19975'
file_name: 2025_AstronomicalJour_Cheng.pdf
file_size: 931173
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-07-08T06:40:54Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 170'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astronomical Journal
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1538-3881
issn:
- 0004-6256
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A candidate giant planet companion to the massive, young White Dwarf GALEX
J071816.4+373139 informs the occurrence of giant planets orbiting B stars
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 170
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20586'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We present the discovery of deep, irregular, periodic transits toward the
white dwarf ZTF J1944+4557 using follow-up time-series photometry and spectroscopy
from Palomar, Keck, McDonald, Perkins, and Lowell observatories. We find a predominant
period of 4.9704 hr, consistent with an orbit near the Roche limit of the white
dwarf, with individual dips over 30% deep and lasting between 15 and 40 minutes.
Similar to the first known white dwarf with transiting debris, WD 1145+017, the
transit events are well-defined with prominent out-of-transit phases where the
white dwarf appears unobscured. Spectroscopy concurrent with transit photometry
reveals that the average Ca K equivalent width remains constant in and out of
transit. The broadening observed in several absorption features cannot be reproduced
by synthetic photospheric models, suggesting the presence of circumstellar gas.
Simultaneous g + r- and g + i-band light curves from the CHIMERA instrument reveal
no color dependence to the transit depths, requiring transiting dust grains to
have sizes s ≳ 0.2 μm. The transit morphologies appear to be constantly changing
at a rate faster than the orbital period. Overall transit activity varies in the
system, with transit features completely disappearing during the seven months
between our 2023 and 2024 observing seasons and then reappearing in 2025 March,
still repeating at 4.9704 hr. Our observations of the complete cessation and resumption
of transit activity provide a novel laboratory for constraining the evolution
of disrupted debris and processes like disk exhaustion and replenishment timescales
at white dwarfs.
acknowledgement: "We first extend our gratitude to our anonymous referee, whose careful
review and recommendations enhanced this manuscript. In fruitful conversations and
correspondence with Tim Cunningham, Jay Farihi, Jim Fuller, Philip Muirhead, Saul
Rappaport, Siyi Xu (许偲艺), and Nadia Zakamska, we found guidance that improved our
interpretation of these results. We are deeply grateful for the observing support
by John Kuehne at McDonald Observatory and Colt Pauley at the Perkins Telescope
Observatory. This material is based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration under grant No. 80NSSC23K1068 issued through the Science
Mission Directorate. J.A.G. is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate
Research Fellowship Program under grant No. 2234657.\r\n\r\nThis worked is based
on observations obtained with the Samuel Oschin Telescope 48 inch and the 60 inch
Telescope at the Palomar Observatory as part of the Zwicky Transient Facility project.
ZTF is supported by the National Science Foundation under grants No. AST-1440341
and AST-2034437 and a collaboration including current partners Caltech, IPAC, the
Oskar Klein Center at Stockholm University, the University of Maryland, University
of California, Berkeley, the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, University of
Warwick, Ruhr University, Cornell University, Northwestern University and Drexel
University. Operations are conducted by COO, IPAC, and UW.\r\n\r\nSome of the data
presented herein were obtained at Keck Observatory, which is a private 501(c)3 non-profit
organization operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute
of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support
of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the
very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always
had within the Native Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity
to conduct observations from this mountain.\r\n\r\nThis work has made use of data
from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia),
processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).
Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the
institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.\r\n\r\nThis publication
also makes use of data products from NEOWISE, which is a project of the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the Planetary Science Division
of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.\r\n\r\nThis work is based
in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which was operated
by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract
with NASA.\r\n\r\nThe Pan-STARRS1 Surveys (PS1) and the PS1 public science archive
have been made possible through contributions by the Institute for Astronomy, the
University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and
its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins
University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, the Queen’s University
Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory
Global Telescope Network Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan,
the Space Telescope Science Institute, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
under grant No. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the
NASA Science Mission Directorate, the National Science Foundation grant No. AST-1238877,
the University of Maryland, Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE), the Los Alamos National
Laboratory, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.\r\n\r\nThis research relied
upon the SIMBAD and VizieR databases operated by CDS (Strasbourg, France) and the
bibliographic resources of The SAO Astrophysics Data System.\r\n\r\nFacilities:
PO:1.2m - Palomar Observatory's 1.2 meter Samuel Oschin Telescope (Zwicky Transient
Facility) - , Hale (CHIMERA, DBSP), Struve - McDonald Observatory's 2.1m Otto Struve
Telescope(ProEM), Perkins - Lowell Observatory's 72in Perkins Telescope (PRISM),
LDT - (LMI), Keck:I - KECK I Telescope (LRIS), Gaia - , PS1 - Panoramic Survey Telescope
and Rapid Response System Telescope #1 (Pan-STARRS), Spitzer (IRAC) - , WISE - Wide-field
Infrared Survey Explorer.\r\n\r\nSoftware: Astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al.
2013, 2018, 2022), astroquery (A. Ginsburg et al. 2019), ccdproc (M. Craig et al.
2017), cuvarbase (J. Hoffman 2022), extinction (K. Barbary 2016), hipercam (V. S.
Dhillon et al. 2021), lmfit (M. Newville et al. 2014), matplotlib (J. D. Hunter
2007), numpy (C. R. Harris et al. 2020), pandas (The pandas Development Team 2025),
phot2lc (Z. Vanderbosch 2023), photutils (L. Bradley et al. 2024), Pyriod (K. Bell
2022), scipy (P. Virtanen et al. 2020)."
article_number: '167'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Joseph A.
full_name: Guidry, Joseph A.
last_name: Guidry
- first_name: Zachary P.
full_name: Vanderbosch, Zachary P.
last_name: Vanderbosch
- first_name: J. J.
full_name: Hermes, J. J.
last_name: Hermes
- first_name: Dimitri
full_name: Veras, Dimitri
last_name: Veras
- first_name: Mark A.
full_name: Hollands, Mark A.
last_name: Hollands
- first_name: Soumyadeep
full_name: Bhattacharjee, Soumyadeep
last_name: Bhattacharjee
- first_name: Ilaria
full_name: Caiazzo, Ilaria
id: 8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d
last_name: Caiazzo
orcid: 0000-0002-4770-5388
- first_name: Kareem
full_name: El-Badry, Kareem
last_name: El-Badry
- first_name: Malia L.
full_name: Kao, Malia L.
last_name: Kao
- first_name: Lou Baya
full_name: Ould Rouis, Lou Baya
last_name: Ould Rouis
- first_name: Antonio C.
full_name: Rodriguez, Antonio C.
last_name: Rodriguez
- first_name: Jan
full_name: Van Roestel, Jan
last_name: Van Roestel
citation:
ama: Guidry JA, Vanderbosch ZP, Hermes JJ, et al. Transiting planetary debris near
the Roche limit of a white dwarf on a 4.97 hr orbit—and its vanishing. The
Astrophysical Journal. 2025;992(2). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adfecb
apa: Guidry, J. A., Vanderbosch, Z. P., Hermes, J. J., Veras, D., Hollands, M. A.,
Bhattacharjee, S., … Van Roestel, J. (2025). Transiting planetary debris near
the Roche limit of a white dwarf on a 4.97 hr orbit—and its vanishing. The
Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adfecb
chicago: Guidry, Joseph A., Zachary P. Vanderbosch, J. J. Hermes, Dimitri Veras,
Mark A. Hollands, Soumyadeep Bhattacharjee, Ilaria Caiazzo, et al. “Transiting
Planetary Debris near the Roche Limit of a White Dwarf on a 4.97 Hr Orbit—and
Its Vanishing.” The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adfecb.
ieee: J. A. Guidry et al., “Transiting planetary debris near the Roche limit
of a white dwarf on a 4.97 hr orbit—and its vanishing,” The Astrophysical Journal,
vol. 992, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2025.
ista: Guidry JA, Vanderbosch ZP, Hermes JJ, Veras D, Hollands MA, Bhattacharjee
S, Caiazzo I, El-Badry K, Kao ML, Ould Rouis LB, Rodriguez AC, Van Roestel J.
2025. Transiting planetary debris near the Roche limit of a white dwarf on a 4.97
hr orbit—and its vanishing. The Astrophysical Journal. 992(2), 167.
mla: Guidry, Joseph A., et al. “Transiting Planetary Debris near the Roche Limit
of a White Dwarf on a 4.97 Hr Orbit—and Its Vanishing.” The Astrophysical Journal,
vol. 992, no. 2, 167, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adfecb.
short: J.A. Guidry, Z.P. Vanderbosch, J.J. Hermes, D. Veras, M.A. Hollands, S. Bhattacharjee,
I. Caiazzo, K. El-Badry, M.L. Kao, L.B. Ould Rouis, A.C. Rodriguez, J. Van Roestel,
The Astrophysical Journal 992 (2025).
date_created: 2025-11-02T23:01:33Z
date_published: 2025-10-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:43:29Z
day: '20'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: IlCa
doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/adfecb
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2508.18348'
isi:
- '001592080300001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 24892d1b5bfa1867eb0a353f10c31b82
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-11-04T12:33:51Z
date_updated: 2025-11-04T12:33:51Z
file_id: '20601'
file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJour_Guidry.pdf
file_size: 5323398
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-11-04T12:33:51Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 992'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1538-4357
issn:
- 0004-637X
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Transiting planetary debris near the Roche limit of a white dwarf on a 4.97
hr orbit—and its vanishing
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 992
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20588'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'In this second paper on our variability survey of central stars of planetary
nebulae (CSPNe) using the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), we report 11 long-timescale
variables with variability timescales ranging from months to years. We also present
preliminary analyses based on spectroscopic and/or photometric follow-up observations
for six of them. Among them is NGC 6833, which shows a 980 days periodic variability
with strange characteristics: “triangle-shaped” brightening in r, i, and WISE
bands but almost coincidental shallow dips in the g-band. The most plausible explanation
is a wide binary with the photometric period being the orbital period. Long-period
near-sinusoidal variability was detected in two other systems, NGC 6905 and Kn
26, with periods of 700 days and 230 days, respectively, making them additional
wide-binary candidates. The latter also shows a short period at 1.18 hr. We then
present CTSS 2 and K 3-5, which show brightening and significant reddening over
the whole ZTF baseline. A stellar model fit to the optical spectrum of CTSS 2
reveals it to be one of the youngest post-AGB CSPNe known. Both show high-density
emission-line cores. We propose these to be late-thermal-pulse candidates, currently
evolving towards the AGB phase. We then present recent HST/COS ultraviolet spectroscopy
of the known wide-binary candidate LoTr 1, showing that the hot star is a spectroscopic
twin of the extremely hot white dwarf in UCAC2 46706450. Similar to this object,
LoTr 1 also has a fast rotating wide subgiant companion. We suggest that the long
photometric period of 11 yr is the binary orbital period. Finally, we briefly
discuss the ZTF light curves of the remaining variables, namely Tan 2, K 3-20,
WHTZ 3, Kn J1857+3931, and IPHAS J1927+0814. With these examples, we present the
effectiveness of the von Neumann statistics and Pearson Skew-based metric space
in searching for long-timescale variables.'
acknowledgement: "This work is based on observations obtained with the Samuel Oschin
Telescope 48 inch and the 60 inch Telescope at the Palomar Observatory as part of
the Zwicky Transient Facility project. ZTF is supported by the National Science
Foundation under grant Nos. AST-1440341 and AST-2034437 and a collaboration including
current partners Caltech, IPAC, the Oskar Klein Center at Stockholm University,
the University of Maryland, University of California, Berkeley, the University of
Wisconsin at Milwaukee, University of Warwick, Ruhr University Bochum, Cornell University,
Northwestern University, and Drexel University. Operations are conducted by COO,
IPAC, and UW.\r\n\r\nThis work has made use of data from the European Space Agency
(ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data
Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).
Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular,
the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.\r\n\r\nWe are
grateful to the staffs of Palomar Observatory and the Hobby-Eberly Telescope for
assistance with the observations and data management. The Liverpool Telescope is
operated on the island of La Palma by Liverpool John Moores University in the Spanish
Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
with financial support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council.\r\n\r\nThe
Low-Resolution Spectrograph 2 (LRS2) on HET was developed and funded by the University
of Texas at Austin McDonald Observatory and Department of Astronomy, and by Pennsylvania
State University. We thank the Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) and
the Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (IAG) for their contributions to the construction
of the integral field units. We acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center
(TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin for providing high performance computing,
visualization, and storage resources that have contributed to the results reported
within this paper.\r\n\r\nThe Isaac Newton Telescope is operated on the island of
La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes in the Spanish Observatorio del
Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias\r\n\r\nS.B. thanks
Frank J. Masci and Zachary P. Vanderbosch for useful discussions and suggestions
regarding solving the issues with ZTF forced photometry on extended sources. S.B.
also thanks Jim Fuller, Charles C. Steidel, Lynne Hillenbrand, and Adolfo Carvalho
for useful discussions on methods and science. S.B. acknowledges financial support
from the Wallace L. W. Sargent Graduate Fellowship during the first year of his
graduate studies at Caltech. N.C. was supported through the Cancer Research UK grant
A24042.\r\n\r\nN.R. is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through
grant RE3915/2-1.\r\n\r\nD.J. acknowledges support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación
del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU/AEI) under grant “Nebulosas
planetarias como clave para comprender la evolución de estrellas binarias” and the
European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) with reference PID-2022-136653NA-I00 (DOI:10.13039/501100011033).
D.J. also acknowledges support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación del Ministerio
de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU/AEI) under grant “Revolucionando el
conocimiento de la evolución de estrellas poco masivas” and the the European Union
NextGenerationEU/PRTR with reference CNS2023-143910 (DOI:10.13039/501100011033).\r\n\r\nWe
have used Python packages Numpy (Harris et al. 2020), SciPy (Virtanen et al. 2020),
Matplotlib (Hunter 2007), Pandas (pandas development team 2020), Astropy (Astropy
Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018), and Astroquery (Ginsburg et al. 2019) at various
stages of this research."
article_number: '104206'
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Soumyadeep
full_name: Bhattacharjee, Soumyadeep
last_name: Bhattacharjee
- first_name: Nicole
full_name: Reindl, Nicole
last_name: Reindl
- first_name: Howard E.
full_name: Bond, Howard E.
last_name: Bond
- first_name: Klaus
full_name: Werner, Klaus
last_name: Werner
- first_name: Gregory R.
full_name: Zeimann, Gregory R.
last_name: Zeimann
- first_name: David
full_name: Jones, David
last_name: Jones
- first_name: Kareem
full_name: El-Badry, Kareem
last_name: El-Badry
- first_name: Nina
full_name: Mackensen, Nina
last_name: Mackensen
- first_name: Nicholas
full_name: Chornay, Nicholas
last_name: Chornay
- first_name: S. R.
full_name: Kulkarni, S. R.
last_name: Kulkarni
- first_name: Ilaria
full_name: Caiazzo, Ilaria
id: 8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d
last_name: Caiazzo
orcid: 0000-0002-4770-5388
- first_name: Jan
full_name: Van Roestel, Jan
last_name: Van Roestel
- first_name: Antonio C.
full_name: Rodriguez, Antonio C.
last_name: Rodriguez
- first_name: Thomas A.
full_name: Prince, Thomas A.
last_name: Prince
- first_name: Ben
full_name: Rusholme, Ben
last_name: Rusholme
- first_name: Russ R.
full_name: Laher, Russ R.
last_name: Laher
- first_name: Roger
full_name: Smith, Roger
last_name: Smith
citation:
ama: Bhattacharjee S, Reindl N, Bond HE, et al. Variability of central stars of
planetary nebulae with the Zwicky Transient Facility. II. Long-timescale variables
including wide binary and late thermal pulse candidates. Publications of the
Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 2025;137(10). doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ae051e
apa: Bhattacharjee, S., Reindl, N., Bond, H. E., Werner, K., Zeimann, G. R., Jones,
D., … Smith, R. (2025). Variability of central stars of planetary nebulae with
the Zwicky Transient Facility. II. Long-timescale variables including wide binary
and late thermal pulse candidates. Publications of the Astronomical Society
of the Pacific. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ae051e
chicago: Bhattacharjee, Soumyadeep, Nicole Reindl, Howard E. Bond, Klaus Werner,
Gregory R. Zeimann, David Jones, Kareem El-Badry, et al. “Variability of Central
Stars of Planetary Nebulae with the Zwicky Transient Facility. II. Long-Timescale
Variables Including Wide Binary and Late Thermal Pulse Candidates.” Publications
of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ae051e.
ieee: S. Bhattacharjee et al., “Variability of central stars of planetary
nebulae with the Zwicky Transient Facility. II. Long-timescale variables including
wide binary and late thermal pulse candidates,” Publications of the Astronomical
Society of the Pacific, vol. 137, no. 10. IOP Publishing, 2025.
ista: Bhattacharjee S, Reindl N, Bond HE, Werner K, Zeimann GR, Jones D, El-Badry
K, Mackensen N, Chornay N, Kulkarni SR, Caiazzo I, Van Roestel J, Rodriguez AC,
Prince TA, Rusholme B, Laher RR, Smith R. 2025. Variability of central stars of
planetary nebulae with the Zwicky Transient Facility. II. Long-timescale variables
including wide binary and late thermal pulse candidates. Publications of the Astronomical
Society of the Pacific. 137(10), 104206.
mla: Bhattacharjee, Soumyadeep, et al. “Variability of Central Stars of Planetary
Nebulae with the Zwicky Transient Facility. II. Long-Timescale Variables Including
Wide Binary and Late Thermal Pulse Candidates.” Publications of the Astronomical
Society of the Pacific, vol. 137, no. 10, 104206, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ae051e.
short: S. Bhattacharjee, N. Reindl, H.E. Bond, K. Werner, G.R. Zeimann, D. Jones,
K. El-Badry, N. Mackensen, N. Chornay, S.R. Kulkarni, I. Caiazzo, J. Van Roestel,
A.C. Rodriguez, T.A. Prince, B. Rusholme, R.R. Laher, R. Smith, Publications of
the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 137 (2025).
date_created: 2025-11-02T23:01:34Z
date_published: 2025-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-12-01T15:13:50Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: IlCa
doi: 10.1088/1538-3873/ae051e
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2502.18651'
isi:
- '001595690000001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: cc7d00c349d48458accb0d3df67e4879
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-11-04T08:26:39Z
date_updated: 2025-11-04T08:26:39Z
file_id: '20599'
file_name: 2025_PASP_BhattacharjeeS.pdf
file_size: 12677603
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-11-04T08:26:39Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 137'
isi: 1
issue: '10'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1538-3873
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Variability of central stars of planetary nebulae with the Zwicky Transient
Facility. II. Long-timescale variables including wide binary and late thermal pulse
candidates
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 137
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '19025'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'A complete understanding of the central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNe)
remains elusive. Over the past several decades, time-series photometry of CSPNe
has yielded significant results including, but not limited to, discoveries of
nearly 100 binary systems, insights into pulsations and winds in young white dwarfs,
and studies of stars undergoing very late thermal pulses. We have undertaken a
systematic study of optical photometric variability of cataloged CSPNe, using
the light curves from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). By applying appropriate
variability metrics, we arrive at a list of 94 highly variable CSPN candidates.
Based on the timescales of the light-curve activity, we classify the variables
broadly into short- and long-timescale variables. In this first paper in this
series, we focus on the former, which is the majority class comprising 83 objects.
We report periods for six sources for the first time, and recover several known
periodic variables. Among the aperiodic sources, most exhibit a jitter around
a median flux with a stable amplitude, and a few show outbursts. We draw attention
to WeSb 1, which shows a different kind of variability: prominent deep and aperiodic
dips, resembling transits from a dust/debris disk. We find strong evidence for
a binary nature of WeSb 1 (possibly an F-type subgiant companion). The compactness
of the emission lines and inferred high electron densities make WeSb 1 a candidate
for either an EGB 6-type planetary nucleus, or a symbiotic system inside an evolved
planetary nebula, both of which are rare objects. To demonstrate further promise
with ZTF, we report three additional newly identified periodic sources that do
not appear in the list of highly variable sources. Finally, we also introduce
a two-dimensional metric space defined by the von Neumann statistics and Pearson
Skew and demonstrate its effectiveness in identifying unique variables of astrophysical
interest, like WeSb 1.'
acknowledgement: "This work is based on observations obtained with the Samuel Oschin
Telescope 48 inch and the 60 inch Telescope at the Palomar Observatory as part of
the Zwicky Transient Facility project. ZTF is supported by the National Science
Foundation under grants No. AST-1440341 and AST-2034437 and a collaboration including
current partners Caltech, IPAC, the Oskar Klein Center at Stockholm University,
the University of Maryland, University of California, Berkeley, the University of
Wisconsin at Milwaukee, University of Warwick, Ruhr University Bochum, Cornell University,
Northwestern University, and Drexel University. Operations are conducted by COO,
IPAC, and UW.\r\n\r\nThis work has made use of data from the European Space Agency
(ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data
Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).
Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular,
the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.\r\n\r\nWe are
grateful to the staffs of Palomar Observatory and the Hobby-Eberly Telescope for
assistance with the observations and data management. The Liverpool Telescope is
operated on the island of La Palma by Liverpool John Moores University in the Spanish
Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
with financial support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council.\r\n\r\nThe
Low-Resolution Spectrograph 2 (LRS2) on HET was developed and funded by the University
of Texas at Austin McDonald Observatory and Department of Astronomy, and by Pennsylvania
State University. We thank the Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) and
the Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen (IAG) for their contributions to the construction
of the integral field units. We acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center
(TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin for providing high performance computing,
visualization, and storage resources that have contributed to the results reported
within this paper.\r\n\r\nWe thank the anonymous referee for the detailed comments,
which improved the clarity of the manuscript significantly. We also thank Gunter
Cibis for pointing out typographical errors in the names of a few PNe in the first
draft. S.B. expresses gratitude to Kishalay De for providing the Gattini-IR and
WISE data. S.B. thanks Frank J. Masci and Zachary P. Vanderbosch for useful discussions
and suggestions regarding solving the issues with ZTF forced photometry on extended
sources. S.B. also thanks Jim Fuller, Charles C. Steidel, Lynne Hillenbrand, and
Adolfo Carvalho for useful discussions on methods and science. S.B. also thanks
David O. Cook for providing access to his CLU image cutout service to generate the
WeSb 1 image. S.B. acknowledges the financial support from the Wallace L. W. Sargent
Graduate Fellowship during the first year of his graduate studies at Caltech. N.C.
was supported through the Cancer Research UK grant A24042. S.B. thanks Martina Veresvarka
for drawing our attention to the TESS light curves of WeSb 1.\r\n\r\nWe have used
Python packages Numpy (Harris et al. 2020), SciPy (Virtanen et al. 2020), Matplotlib
(Hunter 2007), Pandas (pandas development team 2020), Astropy (Astropy Collaboration
et al. 2013, 2018), and Astroquery (Ginsburg et al. 2019) at various stages of this
research."
article_number: '024201'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Soumyadeep
full_name: Bhattacharjee, Soumyadeep
last_name: Bhattacharjee
- first_name: S. R.
full_name: Kulkarni, S. R.
last_name: Kulkarni
- first_name: Albert K.H.
full_name: Kong, Albert K.H.
last_name: Kong
- first_name: M. S.
full_name: Tam, M. S.
last_name: Tam
- first_name: Howard E.
full_name: Bond, Howard E.
last_name: Bond
- first_name: Kareem
full_name: El-Badry, Kareem
last_name: El-Badry
- first_name: Ilaria
full_name: Caiazzo, Ilaria
id: 8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d
last_name: Caiazzo
orcid: 0000-0002-4770-5388
- first_name: Nicholas
full_name: Chornay, Nicholas
last_name: Chornay
- first_name: Matthew J.
full_name: Graham, Matthew J.
last_name: Graham
- first_name: Antonio C.
full_name: Rodriguez, Antonio C.
last_name: Rodriguez
- first_name: Gregory R.
full_name: Zeimann, Gregory R.
last_name: Zeimann
- first_name: Christoffer
full_name: Fremling, Christoffer
last_name: Fremling
- first_name: Andrew J.
full_name: Drake, Andrew J.
last_name: Drake
- first_name: Klaus
full_name: Werner, Klaus
last_name: Werner
- first_name: Hector
full_name: Rodriguez, Hector
last_name: Rodriguez
- first_name: Thomas A.
full_name: Prince, Thomas A.
last_name: Prince
- first_name: Russ R.
full_name: Laher, Russ R.
last_name: Laher
- first_name: Tracy X.
full_name: Chen, Tracy X.
last_name: Chen
- first_name: Reed
full_name: Riddle, Reed
last_name: Riddle
citation:
ama: Bhattacharjee S, Kulkarni SR, Kong AKH, et al. Variability of central stars
of planetary nebulae with the zwicky transient facility. I. Methods, short-timescale
variables, and the unusual nucleus of WeSb 1. Publications of the Astronomical
Society of the Pacific. 2025;137(2). doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ada702
apa: Bhattacharjee, S., Kulkarni, S. R., Kong, A. K. H., Tam, M. S., Bond, H. E.,
El-Badry, K., … Riddle, R. (2025). Variability of central stars of planetary nebulae
with the zwicky transient facility. I. Methods, short-timescale variables, and
the unusual nucleus of WeSb 1. Publications of the Astronomical Society of
the Pacific. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ada702
chicago: Bhattacharjee, Soumyadeep, S. R. Kulkarni, Albert K.H. Kong, M. S. Tam,
Howard E. Bond, Kareem El-Badry, Ilaria Caiazzo, et al. “Variability of Central
Stars of Planetary Nebulae with the Zwicky Transient Facility. I. Methods, Short-Timescale
Variables, and the Unusual Nucleus of WeSb 1.” Publications of the Astronomical
Society of the Pacific. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ada702.
ieee: S. Bhattacharjee et al., “Variability of central stars of planetary
nebulae with the zwicky transient facility. I. Methods, short-timescale variables,
and the unusual nucleus of WeSb 1,” Publications of the Astronomical Society
of the Pacific, vol. 137, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2025.
ista: Bhattacharjee S, Kulkarni SR, Kong AKH, Tam MS, Bond HE, El-Badry K, Caiazzo
I, Chornay N, Graham MJ, Rodriguez AC, Zeimann GR, Fremling C, Drake AJ, Werner
K, Rodriguez H, Prince TA, Laher RR, Chen TX, Riddle R. 2025. Variability of central
stars of planetary nebulae with the zwicky transient facility. I. Methods, short-timescale
variables, and the unusual nucleus of WeSb 1. Publications of the Astronomical
Society of the Pacific. 137(2), 024201.
mla: Bhattacharjee, Soumyadeep, et al. “Variability of Central Stars of Planetary
Nebulae with the Zwicky Transient Facility. I. Methods, Short-Timescale Variables,
and the Unusual Nucleus of WeSb 1.” Publications of the Astronomical Society
of the Pacific, vol. 137, no. 2, 024201, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ada702.
short: S. Bhattacharjee, S.R. Kulkarni, A.K.H. Kong, M.S. Tam, H.E. Bond, K. El-Badry,
I. Caiazzo, N. Chornay, M.J. Graham, A.C. Rodriguez, G.R. Zeimann, C. Fremling,
A.J. Drake, K. Werner, H. Rodriguez, T.A. Prince, R.R. Laher, T.X. Chen, R. Riddle,
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 137 (2025).
das_tickbox: '1'
date_created: 2025-02-16T23:02:33Z
date_published: 2025-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-07-22T06:39:53Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: IlCa
doi: 10.1088/1538-3873/ada702
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2410.03589'
isi:
- '001416903300001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 42b942ee1bf32ed225024e168174be92
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-02-17T09:13:41Z
date_updated: 2025-02-17T09:13:41Z
file_id: '19034'
file_name: 2025_PASP_Bhattacharjee.pdf
file_size: 3657568
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-02-17T09:13:41Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 137'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0004-6280
issnl:
- 0004-6280
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: erratum
url: https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/adbcd8
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Variability of central stars of planetary nebulae with the zwicky transient
facility. I. Methods, short-timescale variables, and the unusual nucleus of WeSb
1
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0)
short: CC BY (3.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 137
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '18709'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We measure the mass distribution of main-sequence (MS) companions to hot subdwarf
B stars (sdBs) in post-common envelope binaries (PCEBs). We carried out a spectroscopic
survey of 14 eclipsing systems ("HW Vir binaries") with orbital periods of 3.8
< Porb < 12 hr, resulting in a well-understood selection function and a near-complete
sample of HW Vir binaries with G < 16. We constrain companion masses from the
radial velocity curves of the sdB stars. The companion mass distribution peaks
at MMS ≈ 0.15 M⊙ and drops off at MMS > 0.2 M⊙, with only two systems hosting
companions above the fully convective limit. There is no correlation between Porb
and MMS within the sample. A similar drop-off in the companion mass distribution
of white dwarf (WD) + MS PCEBs has been attributed to disrupted magnetic braking
(MB) below the fully convective limit. We compare the sdB companion mass distribution
to predictions of binary evolution simulations with a range of MB laws. Because
sdBs have short lifetimes compared to WDs, explaining the lack of higher-mass
MS companions to sdBs with disrupted MB requires MB to be boosted by a factor
of 20–100 relative to MB laws inferred from the rotation evolution of single stars.
We speculate that such boosting may be a result of irradiation-driven enhancement
of the MS stars' winds. An alternative possibility is that common envelope evolution
favors low-mass companions in short-period orbits, but the existence of massive
WD companions to sdBs with similar periods disfavors this scenario.
acknowledgement: "We thank the referee for their constructive comments. We also thank
Jim Fuller and Stefan Geier for helpful discussions. The Kavli Institute for Theoretical
Physics (KITP) hosted the program, \"White Dwarfs as Probes of the Evolution of
Planets, Stars, the Milky Way, and the Expanding Universe,\" during which this project
was initiated.\r\n\r\nThis research was supported in part by the U.S. National Science
Foundation (NSF) grant AST-2307232, and in part by grants PHY-1748958 and AST-2107070.\r\n\r\nThis
work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia),
processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).
Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the
institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.\r\n\r\nThis work
is based in part on observations obtained with the Samuel Oschin 48 inch Telescope
at the Palomar Observatory as part of the Zwicky Transient Facility project. ZTF
is supported by the NSF under grant AST-1440341 and a collaboration including Caltech,
IPAC, the Weizmann Institute for Science, the Oskar Klein Center at Stockholm University,
the University of Maryland, the University of Washington, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
and Humboldt University, Los Alamos National Laboratories, the TANGO Consortium
of Taiwan, the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, and the Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory. Operations are conducted by the Caltech Optical Observatories (COO),
the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), and the University of Washington
(UW).\r\n\r\nSome of the data presented herein were obtained at Keck Observatory,
which is a private 501(c)3 non-profit organization operated as a scientific partnership
among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible
by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation."
article_number: '124201'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Lisa
full_name: Blomberg, Lisa
last_name: Blomberg
- first_name: Kareem
full_name: El-Badry, Kareem
last_name: El-Badry
- first_name: Katelyn
full_name: Breivik, Katelyn
last_name: Breivik
- first_name: Ilaria
full_name: Caiazzo, Ilaria
id: 8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d
last_name: Caiazzo
orcid: 0000-0002-4770-5388
- first_name: Pranav
full_name: Nagarajan, Pranav
last_name: Nagarajan
- first_name: Antonio
full_name: Rodriguez, Antonio
last_name: Rodriguez
- first_name: Jan
full_name: Van Roestel, Jan
last_name: Van Roestel
- first_name: Zachary P.
full_name: Vanderbosch, Zachary P.
last_name: Vanderbosch
- first_name: Natsuko
full_name: Yamaguchi, Natsuko
last_name: Yamaguchi
citation:
ama: 'Blomberg L, El-Badry K, Breivik K, et al. The companion mass distribution
of post common envelope hot subdwarf binaries: Evidence for boosted and disrupted
magnetic braking? Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
2024;136(12). doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ad94a2'
apa: 'Blomberg, L., El-Badry, K., Breivik, K., Caiazzo, I., Nagarajan, P., Rodriguez,
A., … Yamaguchi, N. (2024). The companion mass distribution of post common envelope
hot subdwarf binaries: Evidence for boosted and disrupted magnetic braking? Publications
of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ad94a2'
chicago: 'Blomberg, Lisa, Kareem El-Badry, Katelyn Breivik, Ilaria Caiazzo, Pranav
Nagarajan, Antonio Rodriguez, Jan Van Roestel, Zachary P. Vanderbosch, and Natsuko
Yamaguchi. “The Companion Mass Distribution of Post Common Envelope Hot Subdwarf
Binaries: Evidence for Boosted and Disrupted Magnetic Braking?” Publications
of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. IOP Publishing, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ad94a2.'
ieee: 'L. Blomberg et al., “The companion mass distribution of post common
envelope hot subdwarf binaries: Evidence for boosted and disrupted magnetic braking?,”
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, vol. 136, no.
12. IOP Publishing, 2024.'
ista: 'Blomberg L, El-Badry K, Breivik K, Caiazzo I, Nagarajan P, Rodriguez A, Van
Roestel J, Vanderbosch ZP, Yamaguchi N. 2024. The companion mass distribution
of post common envelope hot subdwarf binaries: Evidence for boosted and disrupted
magnetic braking? Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 136(12),
124201.'
mla: 'Blomberg, Lisa, et al. “The Companion Mass Distribution of Post Common Envelope
Hot Subdwarf Binaries: Evidence for Boosted and Disrupted Magnetic Braking?” Publications
of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, vol. 136, no. 12, 124201, IOP
Publishing, 2024, doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ad94a2.'
short: L. Blomberg, K. El-Badry, K. Breivik, I. Caiazzo, P. Nagarajan, A. Rodriguez,
J. Van Roestel, Z.P. Vanderbosch, N. Yamaguchi, Publications of the Astronomical
Society of the Pacific 136 (2024).
date_created: 2024-12-29T23:01:57Z
date_published: 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-09T11:55:13Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: IlCa
doi: 10.1088/1538-3873/ad94a2
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2408.15334'
isi:
- '001379604600001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 56fe719e26bc0c2a99ac5322791107e5
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-01-02T09:34:25Z
date_updated: 2025-01-02T09:34:25Z
file_id: '18719'
file_name: 2024_PASP_Blomberg.pdf
file_size: 7539133
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-01-02T09:34:25Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 136'
isi: 1
issue: '12'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0004-6280
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The companion mass distribution of post common envelope hot subdwarf binaries:
Evidence for boosted and disrupted magnetic braking?'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0)
short: CC BY (3.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 136
year: '2024'
...
---
APC_amount: 3080,76 EUR
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '18564'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The recently discovered Pa 30 nebula, the putative type Iax supernova remnant
associated with the historical supernova of 1181 AD, shows puzzling characteristics
that make it unique among known supernova remnants. In particular, Pa 30 exhibits
a complex morphology, with a unique radial and filamentary structure, and it hosts
a hot stellar remnant at its center, which displays oxygen-dominated, ultrafast
winds. Because of the surviving stellar remnant and the lack of hydrogen and helium
in its filaments, it has been suggested that Pa 30 is the product of a failed
thermonuclear explosion in a near- or super-Chandrasekhar white dwarf, which created
a subluminous transient, a rare subtype of the Ia class of supernovae called type
Iax. We present here a detailed study of the 3D structure and velocities of a
full radial section of the remnant. The Integral Field Unit observations, obtained
with the new red channel of the Keck Cosmic Web Imager spectrograph, reveal that
the ejecta are consistent with being ballistic, with velocities close to the free-expansion
velocity. Additionally, we detect a large cavity inside the supernova remnant
and a sharp inner edge to the filamentary structure, which coincides with the
outer edge of a bright ring detected in infrared images. Finally, we detect a
strong asymmetry in the amount of ejecta along the line of sight, which might
hint at an asymmetric explosion. Our analysis provides strong confirmation that
the explosion originated from SN 1181.
acknowledgement: "We thank Rob Fesen for providing the [S ii] narrowband imaging and
providing helpful comments on the Letter. We also thank Eliot Quartert for the helpful
discussions. T.C. was supported by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant
HST-HF2-51527.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated
by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under
contract NAS5-26555. I.C. was also supported by NASA through grants from the Space
Telescope Science Institute, under NASA contracts NASA.22K1813, NAS5-26555, and
NAS5-03127. This research was supported in part by grant NSF PHY-1748958 to the
Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP). O.T. was supported by FONDECYT grant
11241186.\r\n\r\nThis publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field
Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California,
Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology,
funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.\r\n\r\nThis research
made use of Montage. It is funded by the National Science Foundation under grant
No. ACI-1440620, and was previously funded by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration's Earth Science Technology Office, Computation Technologies Project,
under Cooperative Agreement Number NCC5-626 between NASA and the California Institute
of Technology."
article_number: L7
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Tim
full_name: Cunningham, Tim
last_name: Cunningham
- first_name: Ilaria
full_name: Caiazzo, Ilaria
id: 8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d
last_name: Caiazzo
orcid: 0000-0002-4770-5388
- first_name: Nikolaus Z.
full_name: Prusinski, Nikolaus Z.
last_name: Prusinski
- first_name: James
full_name: Fuller, James
last_name: Fuller
- first_name: John C.
full_name: Raymond, John C.
last_name: Raymond
- first_name: S. R.
full_name: Kulkarni, S. R.
last_name: Kulkarni
- first_name: James D.
full_name: Neill, James D.
last_name: Neill
- first_name: Paul
full_name: Duffell, Paul
last_name: Duffell
- first_name: Chris
full_name: Martin, Chris
last_name: Martin
- first_name: Odette
full_name: Toloza, Odette
last_name: Toloza
- first_name: David
full_name: Charbonneau, David
last_name: Charbonneau
- first_name: Scott J.
full_name: Kenyon, Scott J.
last_name: Kenyon
- first_name: Zeren
full_name: Lin, Zeren
last_name: Lin
- first_name: Mateusz
full_name: Matuszewski, Mateusz
last_name: Matuszewski
- first_name: Rosalie
full_name: McGurk, Rosalie
last_name: McGurk
- first_name: Abigail
full_name: Polin, Abigail
last_name: Polin
- first_name: Philippe Z.
full_name: Yao, Philippe Z.
last_name: Yao
citation:
ama: Cunningham T, Caiazzo I, Prusinski NZ, et al. Expansion properties of the young
supernova type Iax remnant Pa 30 revealed. The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
2024;975(1). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad713b
apa: Cunningham, T., Caiazzo, I., Prusinski, N. Z., Fuller, J., Raymond, J. C.,
Kulkarni, S. R., … Yao, P. Z. (2024). Expansion properties of the young supernova
type Iax remnant Pa 30 revealed. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP
Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad713b
chicago: Cunningham, Tim, Ilaria Caiazzo, Nikolaus Z. Prusinski, James Fuller, John
C. Raymond, S. R. Kulkarni, James D. Neill, et al. “Expansion Properties of the
Young Supernova Type Iax Remnant Pa 30 Revealed.” The Astrophysical Journal
Letters. IOP Publishing, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad713b.
ieee: T. Cunningham et al., “Expansion properties of the young supernova
type Iax remnant Pa 30 revealed,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol.
975, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2024.
ista: Cunningham T, Caiazzo I, Prusinski NZ, Fuller J, Raymond JC, Kulkarni SR,
Neill JD, Duffell P, Martin C, Toloza O, Charbonneau D, Kenyon SJ, Lin Z, Matuszewski
M, McGurk R, Polin A, Yao PZ. 2024. Expansion properties of the young supernova
type Iax remnant Pa 30 revealed. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 975(1), L7.
mla: Cunningham, Tim, et al. “Expansion Properties of the Young Supernova Type Iax
Remnant Pa 30 Revealed.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 975, no.
1, L7, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad713b.
short: T. Cunningham, I. Caiazzo, N.Z. Prusinski, J. Fuller, J.C. Raymond, S.R.
Kulkarni, J.D. Neill, P. Duffell, C. Martin, O. Toloza, D. Charbonneau, S.J. Kenyon,
Z. Lin, M. Matuszewski, R. McGurk, A. Polin, P.Z. Yao, The Astrophysical Journal
Letters 975 (2024).
das_tickbox: '1'
date_created: 2024-11-19T08:12:59Z
date_published: 2024-10-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-07-06T12:21:32Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: IlCa
doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad713b
external_id:
arxiv:
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isi:
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title: Expansion properties of the young supernova type Iax remnant Pa 30 revealed
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