---
_id: '14852'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The physical conditions giving rise to high escape fractions of ionizing radiation
(LyC fesc) in star-forming galaxies – most likely protagonists of cosmic reionization
– are not yet fully understood. Using the VLT/MUSE observations of ∼1400 Ly α
emitters at 2.9 < z < 6.7, we compare stacked rest-frame UV spectra
of candidates for LyC leakers and non-leakers selected based on their Ly α profiles.
We find that the stacks of potential LyC leakers, i.e. galaxies with narrow, symmetric
Ly α profiles with small peak separation, generally show (i) strong nebular O iii]λ1666,
[Si iii]λ1883, and [C iii]λ1907 +C iii]λ1909 emission, indicating a high-ionization
state of the interstellar medium (ISM); (ii) high equivalent widths of He iiλ1640
(∼1 − 3 Å), suggesting the presence of hard ionizing radiation fields; (iii) Si ii*λ1533
emission, revealing substantial amounts of neutral hydrogen off the line of sight;
(iv) high C ivλλ1548,1550 to [C iii]λ1907 +C iii]λ1909 ratios (C iv/C iii] ≳0.75)
, signalling the presence of low column density channels in the ISM. In contrast,
the stacks with broad, asymmetric Ly α profiles with large peak separation show
weak nebular emission lines, low He iiλ1640 equivalent widths (≲1 Å), and low
C iv/C iii] (≲0.25), implying low-ionization states and high-neutral hydrogen
column densities. Our results suggest that C iv/C iii] might be sensitive to the
physical conditions that govern LyC photon escape, providing a promising tool
for identification of ionizing sources among star-forming galaxies in the epoch
of reionization.
acknowledgement: 'We thank the anonymous referee for the constructive feedback that
helped to improve the manuscript. We thank Michael Maseda, Daniel Schaerer, Charlotte
Simmonds, and Rashmi Gottumukkala for useful comments and productive discussions.
We also thank the organizers and participants of the 24th MUSE Science Busy Week
in Leiden. IGK acknowledges an Excellence Master Fellowship granted by the Faculty
of Science of the University of Geneva. This work has received funding from the
Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract
number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
through project grant number 200020_207349 and SNSF Professorship grant number 190079.
The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation
under grant number 140. This paper is based on observations collected at the European
Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programmes
094.A-0289(B), 095.A-0010(A), 096.A-0045(A), 096.A-0045(B), 094.A-0205, 095.A-0240,
096.A-0090, 097.A-0160, and 098.A-0017. We made extensive use of several open-source
software packages and we are thankful to the respective authors for sharing their
work: NUMPY (Harris et al. 2020), ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration 2022), MATPLOTLIB
(Hunter 2007), IPYTHON (Perez & Granger 2007), and TOPCAT (Taylor 2005).'
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Ivan
full_name: Kramarenko, Ivan
id: 9a9394cb-3200-11ee-973b-f5ba2a8b16e4
last_name: Kramarenko
- first_name: J
full_name: Kerutt, J
last_name: Kerutt
- first_name: A
full_name: Verhamme, A
last_name: Verhamme
- first_name: P A
full_name: Oesch, P A
last_name: Oesch
- first_name: L
full_name: Barrufet, L
last_name: Barrufet
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: H
full_name: Kusakabe, H
last_name: Kusakabe
- first_name: I
full_name: Goovaerts, I
last_name: Goovaerts
- first_name: T T
full_name: Thai, T T
last_name: Thai
citation:
ama: Kramarenko I, Kerutt J, Verhamme A, et al. Linking UV spectral properties of
MUSE Ly α emitters at z ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape. Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2024;527(4):9853-9871. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3853
apa: Kramarenko, I., Kerutt, J., Verhamme, A., Oesch, P. A., Barrufet, L., Matthee,
J. J., … Thai, T. T. (2024). Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters
at z ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853
chicago: Kramarenko, Ivan, J Kerutt, A Verhamme, P A Oesch, L Barrufet, Jorryt J
Matthee, H Kusakabe, I Goovaerts, and T T Thai. “Linking UV Spectral Properties
of MUSE Ly α Emitters at z ≳ 3 to Lyman Continuum Escape.” Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853.
ieee: I. Kramarenko et al., “Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α
emitters at z ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape,” Monthly Notices of the
Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 527, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp.
9853–9871, 2024.
ista: Kramarenko I, Kerutt J, Verhamme A, Oesch PA, Barrufet L, Matthee JJ, Kusakabe
H, Goovaerts I, Thai TT. 2024. Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters
at z ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society. 527(4), 9853–9871.
mla: Kramarenko, Ivan, et al. “Linking UV Spectral Properties of MUSE Ly α Emitters
at z ≳ 3 to Lyman Continuum Escape.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society, vol. 527, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 9853–71, doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3853.
short: I. Kramarenko, J. Kerutt, A. Verhamme, P.A. Oesch, L. Barrufet, J.J. Matthee,
H. Kusakabe, I. Goovaerts, T.T. Thai, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society 527 (2024) 9853–9871.
date_created: 2024-01-22T08:22:17Z
date_published: 2024-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-01-23T12:33:50Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '520'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: JoMa
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stad3853
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2305.07044'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 9d02df4035c4951cf63dee0db1e462e9
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2024-01-23T12:30:45Z
date_updated: 2024-01-23T12:30:45Z
file_id: '14879'
file_name: 2024_MNAstronomSoc_Kramarenko.pdf
file_size: 4521738
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-01-23T12:30:45Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 527'
issue: '4'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 9853-9871
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters at z ≳ 3 to Lyman
continuum escape
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 527
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '15170'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'The James Webb Space Telescope is revealing a new population of dust-reddened
broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGN) at redshifts z ≳ 5. Here we present deep
NIRSpec/Prism spectroscopy from the Cycle 1 Treasury program Ultradeep NIRSpec
and NIRCam ObserVations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) of 15 AGN candidates
selected to be compact, with red continua in the rest-frame optical but with blue
slopes in the UV. From NIRCam photometry alone, they could have been dominated
by dusty star formation or an AGN. Here we show that the majority of the compact
red sources in UNCOVER are dust-reddened AGN: 60% show definitive evidence for
broad-line Hα with a FWHM > 2000 km s −1, 20% of the current data are inconclusive,
and 20% are brown dwarf stars. We propose an updated photometric criterion to
select red z > 5 AGN that excludes brown dwarfs and is expected to yield >80%
AGN. Remarkably, among all zphot > 5 galaxies with F277W – F444W > 1 in UNCOVER
at least 33% are AGN regardless of compactness, climbing to at least 80% AGN for
sources with F277W – F444W > 1.6. The confirmed AGN have black hole masses of
107–109M⊙. While their UV luminosities (−16 > MUV > −20 AB mag) are low compared
to UV-selected AGN at these epochs, consistent with percent-level scattered AGN
light or low levels of unobscured star formation, the inferred bolometric luminosities
are typical of 107–109M⊙ black holes radiating at ∼10%–40% the Eddington limit.
The number densities are surprisingly high at ∼10−5 Mpc−3 mag−1, 100 times more
common than the faintest UV-selected quasars, while accounting for ∼1% of the
UV-selected galaxies. While their UV faintness suggests they may not contribute
strongly to reionization, their ubiquity poses challenges to models of black hole
growth.'
acknowledgement: J.E.G. and A.D.G acknowledge support from NSF/AAG grant No. 1007094,
and J.E.G. also acknowledges support from NSF/AAG grant No. 1007052. A.Z. acknowledges
support by grant No. 2020750 from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation
(BSF) and grant No. 2109066 from the United States National Science Foundation (NSF),
and by the Ministry of Science & Technology of Israel. The Cosmic Dawn Center is
funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) under grant No. 140. This
work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research
and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss
National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. P.D. acknowledges
support from the NWO grant 016.VIDI.189.162 ("ODIN") and from the European Commission's
and University of Groningen's CO-FUND Rosalind Franklin program. K.G. and T.N. acknowledge
support from Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship FL180100060. H.A. and
I.C. acknowledge support from CNES, focused on the JWST mission, and the Programme
National Cosmology and Galaxies (PNCG) of CNRS/INSU with INP and IN2P3, cofunded
by CEA and CNES. R.P.N. acknowledges funding from JWST programs GO-1933 and GO-2279.
Support for this work was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant
HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated
by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under
NASA contract NAS5-26555. The research of C.C.W. is supported by NOIRLab, which
is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under
a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. B.W. acknowledges
support from JWST-GO-02561.022-A. A.J.B. acknowledges funding support from NASA/ADAP
grant 21-ADAP21-0187. Support for this work was provided by The Brinson Foundation
through a Brinson Prize Fellowship grant. R.P.N. acknowledges support for this work
provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded
by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of
Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555.
C.P. thanks Marsha and Ralph Schilling for the generous support of this research.
article_number: '39'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jenny E.
full_name: Greene, Jenny E.
last_name: Greene
- first_name: Ivo
full_name: Labbe, Ivo
last_name: Labbe
- first_name: Andy D.
full_name: Goulding, Andy D.
last_name: Goulding
- first_name: Lukas J.
full_name: Furtak, Lukas J.
last_name: Furtak
- first_name: Iryna
full_name: Chemerynska, Iryna
last_name: Chemerynska
- first_name: Vasily
full_name: Kokorev, Vasily
last_name: Kokorev
- first_name: Pratika
full_name: Dayal, Pratika
last_name: Dayal
- first_name: Marta
full_name: Volonteri, Marta
last_name: Volonteri
- first_name: Christina C.
full_name: Williams, Christina C.
last_name: Williams
- first_name: Bingjie
full_name: Wang, Bingjie
last_name: Wang
- first_name: David J.
full_name: Setton, David J.
last_name: Setton
- first_name: Adam J.
full_name: Burgasser, Adam J.
last_name: Burgasser
- first_name: Rachel
full_name: Bezanson, Rachel
last_name: Bezanson
- first_name: Hakim
full_name: Atek, Hakim
last_name: Atek
- first_name: Gabriel
full_name: Brammer, Gabriel
last_name: Brammer
- first_name: Sam E.
full_name: Cutler, Sam E.
last_name: Cutler
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Feldmann, Robert
last_name: Feldmann
- first_name: Seiji
full_name: Fujimoto, Seiji
last_name: Fujimoto
- first_name: Karl
full_name: Glazebrook, Karl
last_name: Glazebrook
- first_name: Anna
full_name: De Graaff, Anna
last_name: De Graaff
- first_name: Gourav
full_name: Khullar, Gourav
last_name: Khullar
- first_name: Joel
full_name: Leja, Joel
last_name: Leja
- first_name: Danilo
full_name: Marchesini, Danilo
last_name: Marchesini
- first_name: Michael V.
full_name: Maseda, Michael V.
last_name: Maseda
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Tim B.
full_name: Miller, Tim B.
last_name: Miller
- first_name: Rohan P.
full_name: Naidu, Rohan P.
last_name: Naidu
- first_name: Themiya
full_name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
last_name: Nanayakkara
- first_name: Pascal A.
full_name: Oesch, Pascal A.
last_name: Oesch
- first_name: Richard
full_name: Pan, Richard
last_name: Pan
- first_name: Casey
full_name: Papovich, Casey
last_name: Papovich
- first_name: Sedona H.
full_name: Price, Sedona H.
last_name: Price
- first_name: Pieter
full_name: Van Dokkum, Pieter
last_name: Van Dokkum
- first_name: John R.
full_name: Weaver, John R.
last_name: Weaver
- first_name: Katherine E.
full_name: Whitaker, Katherine E.
last_name: Whitaker
- first_name: Adi
full_name: Zitrin, Adi
last_name: Zitrin
citation:
ama: Greene JE, Labbe I, Goulding AD, et al. UNCOVER spectroscopy confirms the surprising
ubiquity of active galactic nuclei in red sources at z > 5. Astrophysical
Journal. 2024;964. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f
apa: Greene, J. E., Labbe, I., Goulding, A. D., Furtak, L. J., Chemerynska, I.,
Kokorev, V., … Zitrin, A. (2024). UNCOVER spectroscopy confirms the surprising
ubiquity of active galactic nuclei in red sources at z > 5. Astrophysical
Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f
chicago: Greene, Jenny E., Ivo Labbe, Andy D. Goulding, Lukas J. Furtak, Iryna Chemerynska,
Vasily Kokorev, Pratika Dayal, et al. “UNCOVER Spectroscopy Confirms the Surprising
Ubiquity of Active Galactic Nuclei in Red Sources at z > 5.” Astrophysical
Journal. IOP Publishing, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f.
ieee: J. E. Greene et al., “UNCOVER spectroscopy confirms the surprising
ubiquity of active galactic nuclei in red sources at z > 5,” Astrophysical
Journal, vol. 964. IOP Publishing, 2024.
ista: Greene JE, Labbe I, Goulding AD, Furtak LJ, Chemerynska I, Kokorev V, Dayal
P, Volonteri M, Williams CC, Wang B, Setton DJ, Burgasser AJ, Bezanson R, Atek
H, Brammer G, Cutler SE, Feldmann R, Fujimoto S, Glazebrook K, De Graaff A, Khullar
G, Leja J, Marchesini D, Maseda MV, Matthee JJ, Miller TB, Naidu RP, Nanayakkara
T, Oesch PA, Pan R, Papovich C, Price SH, Van Dokkum P, Weaver JR, Whitaker KE,
Zitrin A. 2024. UNCOVER spectroscopy confirms the surprising ubiquity of active
galactic nuclei in red sources at z > 5. Astrophysical Journal. 964, 39.
mla: Greene, Jenny E., et al. “UNCOVER Spectroscopy Confirms the Surprising Ubiquity
of Active Galactic Nuclei in Red Sources at z > 5.” Astrophysical Journal,
vol. 964, 39, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f.
short: J.E. Greene, I. Labbe, A.D. Goulding, L.J. Furtak, I. Chemerynska, V. Kokorev,
P. Dayal, M. Volonteri, C.C. Williams, B. Wang, D.J. Setton, A.J. Burgasser, R.
Bezanson, H. Atek, G. Brammer, S.E. Cutler, R. Feldmann, S. Fujimoto, K. Glazebrook,
A. De Graaff, G. Khullar, J. Leja, D. Marchesini, M.V. Maseda, J.J. Matthee, T.B.
Miller, R.P. Naidu, T. Nanayakkara, P.A. Oesch, R. Pan, C. Papovich, S.H. Price,
P. Van Dokkum, J.R. Weaver, K.E. Whitaker, A. Zitrin, Astrophysical Journal 964
(2024).
date_created: 2024-03-24T23:00:59Z
date_published: 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-03-25T08:04:13Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: JoMa
doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2309.05714'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 389a880e176799d5c062ea7cb82d08c9
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2024-03-25T08:02:43Z
date_updated: 2024-03-25T08:02:43Z
file_id: '15176'
file_name: 2024_AstrophysicalJourn_Greene.pdf
file_size: 2700137
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-03-25T08:02:43Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 964'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1538-4357
issn:
- 0004-637X
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: UNCOVER spectroscopy confirms the surprising ubiquity of active galactic nuclei
in red sources at z > 5
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 964
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '15180'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Characterizing the prevalence and properties of faint active galactic nuclei
(AGNs) in the early Universe is key for understanding the formation of supermassive
black holes (SMBHs) and determining their role in cosmic reionization. We perform
a spectroscopic search for broad Hα emitters at z ≈ 4–6 using deep JWST/NIRCam
imaging and wide field slitless spectroscopy from the EIGER and FRESCO surveys.
We identify 20 Hα lines at z = 4.2–5.5 that have broad components with line widths
from ∼1200–3700 km s−1, contributing ∼30%–90% of the total line flux. We interpret
these broad components as being powered by accretion onto SMBHs with implied masses
∼107–8M⊙. In the UV luminosity range MUV,AGN+host = −21 to −18, we measure number
densities of ≈10−5 cMpc−3. This is an order of magnitude higher than expected
from extrapolating quasar UV luminosity functions (LFs). Yet, such AGN are found
in only <1% of star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 5. The number density discrepancy
is much lower when compared to the broad Hα LF. The SMBH mass function agrees
with large cosmological simulations. In two objects, we detect complex Hα profiles
that we tentatively interpret as caused by absorption signatures from dense gas
fueling SMBH growth and outflows. We may be witnessing early AGN feedback that
will clear dust-free pathways through which more massive blue quasars are seen.
We uncover a strong correlation between reddening and the fraction of total galaxy
luminosity arising from faint AGN. This implies that early SMBH growth is highly
obscured and that faint AGN are only minor contributors to cosmic reionization.
acknowledgement: "We thank the anonymous referee for constructive comments that helped
improve the manuscript. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA
James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for
Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by
the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract
NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program Nos. 1243 and
1895. The specific observations analyzed can be accessed via doi:10.17909/4xx0-zj76.
Funded by the European Union (ERC, AGENTS, 101076224). Views and opinions expressed
are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of
the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union
nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. R.P.N. acknowledges
funding from JWST programs GO-1933 and GO-2279. Support for this work for R.P.N.
was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A
awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association
of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555.
Support for this work for G.I. was provided by NASA through grant JWST-GO-01895
awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association
of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.
This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research
and Innovation (SERI) under contract No. MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National
Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. The Cosmic Dawn Center
(DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140.\r\nFacility:
JWST - James Webb Space Telescope, HST - Hubble Space Telescope satellite\r\nSoftware:
Python, matplotlib (Hunter 2007), numpy (Harris et al. 2020), scipy (Virtanen et
al. 2020), Astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018), Imfit (Erwin 2015)."
article_number: '129'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Rohan P.
full_name: Naidu, Rohan P.
last_name: Naidu
- first_name: Gabriel
full_name: Brammer, Gabriel
last_name: Brammer
- first_name: John
full_name: Chisholm, John
last_name: Chisholm
- first_name: Anna-Christina
full_name: Eilers, Anna-Christina
last_name: Eilers
- first_name: Andy
full_name: Goulding, Andy
last_name: Goulding
- first_name: Jenny
full_name: Greene, Jenny
last_name: Greene
- first_name: Daichi
full_name: Kashino, Daichi
last_name: Kashino
- first_name: Ivo
full_name: Labbe, Ivo
last_name: Labbe
- first_name: Simon J.
full_name: Lilly, Simon J.
last_name: Lilly
- first_name: Ruari
full_name: Mackenzie, Ruari
last_name: Mackenzie
- first_name: Pascal A.
full_name: Oesch, Pascal A.
last_name: Oesch
- first_name: Andrea
full_name: Weibel, Andrea
last_name: Weibel
- first_name: Stijn
full_name: Wuyts, Stijn
last_name: Wuyts
- first_name: Mengyuan
full_name: Xiao, Mengyuan
last_name: Xiao
- first_name: Rongmon
full_name: Bordoloi, Rongmon
last_name: Bordoloi
- first_name: Rychard
full_name: Bouwens, Rychard
last_name: Bouwens
- first_name: Pieter
full_name: van Dokkum, Pieter
last_name: van Dokkum
- first_name: Garth
full_name: Illingworth, Garth
last_name: Illingworth
- first_name: Ivan
full_name: Kramarenko, Ivan
last_name: Kramarenko
- first_name: Michael V.
full_name: Maseda, Michael V.
last_name: Maseda
- first_name: Charlotte
full_name: Mason, Charlotte
last_name: Mason
- first_name: Romain A.
full_name: Meyer, Romain A.
last_name: Meyer
- first_name: Erica J.
full_name: Nelson, Erica J.
last_name: Nelson
- first_name: Naveen A.
full_name: Reddy, Naveen A.
last_name: Reddy
- first_name: Irene
full_name: Shivaei, Irene
last_name: Shivaei
- first_name: Robert A.
full_name: Simcoe, Robert A.
last_name: Simcoe
- first_name: Minghao
full_name: Yue, Minghao
last_name: Yue
citation:
ama: 'Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Brammer G, et al. Little Red Dots: An abundant population
of faint active galactic nuclei at z ∼ 5 revealed by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST
surveys. The Astrophysical Journal. 2024;963(2). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad2345'
apa: 'Matthee, J. J., Naidu, R. P., Brammer, G., Chisholm, J., Eilers, A.-C., Goulding,
A., … Yue, M. (2024). Little Red Dots: An abundant population of faint active
galactic nuclei at z ∼ 5 revealed by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST surveys. The
Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad2345'
chicago: 'Matthee, Jorryt J, Rohan P. Naidu, Gabriel Brammer, John Chisholm, Anna-Christina
Eilers, Andy Goulding, Jenny Greene, et al. “Little Red Dots: An Abundant Population
of Faint Active Galactic Nuclei at z ∼ 5 Revealed by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST
Surveys.” The Astrophysical Journal. American Astronomical Society, 2024.
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad2345.'
ieee: 'J. J. Matthee et al., “Little Red Dots: An abundant population of
faint active galactic nuclei at z ∼ 5 revealed by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST surveys,”
The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 963, no. 2. American Astronomical Society,
2024.'
ista: 'Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Brammer G, Chisholm J, Eilers A-C, Goulding A, Greene
J, Kashino D, Labbe I, Lilly SJ, Mackenzie R, Oesch PA, Weibel A, Wuyts S, Xiao
M, Bordoloi R, Bouwens R, van Dokkum P, Illingworth G, Kramarenko I, Maseda MV,
Mason C, Meyer RA, Nelson EJ, Reddy NA, Shivaei I, Simcoe RA, Yue M. 2024. Little
Red Dots: An abundant population of faint active galactic nuclei at z ∼ 5 revealed
by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST surveys. The Astrophysical Journal. 963(2), 129.'
mla: 'Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “Little Red Dots: An Abundant Population of Faint
Active Galactic Nuclei at z ∼ 5 Revealed by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST Surveys.”
The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 963, no. 2, 129, American Astronomical
Society, 2024, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad2345.'
short: J.J. Matthee, R.P. Naidu, G. Brammer, J. Chisholm, A.-C. Eilers, A. Goulding,
J. Greene, D. Kashino, I. Labbe, S.J. Lilly, R. Mackenzie, P.A. Oesch, A. Weibel,
S. Wuyts, M. Xiao, R. Bordoloi, R. Bouwens, P. van Dokkum, G. Illingworth, I.
Kramarenko, M.V. Maseda, C. Mason, R.A. Meyer, E.J. Nelson, N.A. Reddy, I. Shivaei,
R.A. Simcoe, M. Yue, The Astrophysical Journal 963 (2024).
date_created: 2024-03-25T08:54:47Z
date_published: 2024-03-07T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-03-25T09:37:27Z
day: '07'
ddc:
- '550'
department:
- _id: JoMa
doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad2345
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intvolume: ' 963'
issue: '2'
keyword:
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- Astronomy and Astrophysics
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
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grant_number: '101076224'
name: Young galaxies as tracers and agents of cosmic reionization
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1538-4357
issn:
- 0004-637X
publication_status: published
publisher: American Astronomical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
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status: public
title: 'Little Red Dots: An abundant population of faint active galactic nuclei at
z ∼ 5 revealed by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST surveys'
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type: journal_article
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volume: 963
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