[{"ec_funded":1,"arxiv":1,"date_updated":"2025-09-22T09:44:54Z","project":[{"grant_number":"618091","name":"Speed of Adaptation in Population Genetics and Evolutionary Computation","_id":"25B1EC9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7"},{"name":"Limits to selection in biology and in evolutionary computation","_id":"25B07788-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"250152"}],"title":"Existence of traveling waves for the generalized F–KPP equation","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"arxiv":["1607.00944"],"isi":["000395156200005"]},"isi":1,"date_published":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"text":"Variation in genotypes may be responsible for differences in dispersal rates, directional biases, and growth rates of individuals. These traits may favor certain genotypes and enhance their spatiotemporal spreading into areas occupied by the less advantageous genotypes. We study how these factors influence the speed of spreading in the case of two competing genotypes under the assumption that spatial variation of the total population is small compared to the spatial variation of the frequencies of the genotypes in the population. In that case, the dynamics of the frequency of one of the genotypes is approximately described by a generalized Fisher–Kolmogorov–Petrovskii–Piskunov (F–KPP) equation. This generalized F–KPP equation with (nonlinear) frequency-dependent diffusion and advection terms admits traveling wave solutions that characterize the invasion of the dominant genotype. Our existence results generalize the classical theory for traveling waves for the F–KPP with constant coefficients. Moreover, in the particular case of the quadratic (monostable) nonlinear growth–decay rate in the generalized F–KPP we study in detail the influence of the variance in diffusion and mean displacement rates of the two genotypes on the minimal wave propagation speed.","lang":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","acknowledgement":"We thank Nick Barton, Katarína Bod’ová, and Sr\r\n-\r\ndan Sarikas for constructive feed-\r\nback and support. Furthermore, we would like to express our deep gratitude to the anonymous referees (one\r\nof whom, Jimmy Garnier, agreed to reveal his identity) and the editor Max Souza, for very helpful and\r\ndetailed comments and suggestions that significantly helped us to improve the manuscript. This project has\r\nreceived funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological\r\ndevelopment and demonstration under Grant Agreement 618091 Speed of Adaptation in Population Genet-\r\nics and Evolutionary Computation (SAGE) and the European Research Council (ERC) Grant No. 250152\r\n(SN), from the Scientific Grant Agency of the Slovak Republic under the Grant 1/0459/13 and by the Slovak\r\nResearch and Development Agency under the Contract No. APVV-14-0378 (RK). RK would also like to\r\nthank IST Austria for its hospitality during the work on this project.","type":"journal_article","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","citation":{"chicago":"Kollár, Richard, and Sebastian Novak. “Existence of Traveling Waves for the Generalized F–KPP Equation.” <i>Bulletin of Mathematical Biology</i>. Springer, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-016-0244-3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-016-0244-3</a>.","apa":"Kollár, R., &#38; Novak, S. (2017). Existence of traveling waves for the generalized F–KPP equation. <i>Bulletin of Mathematical Biology</i>. Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-016-0244-3\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-016-0244-3</a>","short":"R. Kollár, S. Novak, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 79 (2017) 525–559.","ama":"Kollár R, Novak S. Existence of traveling waves for the generalized F–KPP equation. <i>Bulletin of Mathematical Biology</i>. 2017;79(3):525-559. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-016-0244-3\">10.1007/s11538-016-0244-3</a>","ieee":"R. Kollár and S. Novak, “Existence of traveling waves for the generalized F–KPP equation,” <i>Bulletin of Mathematical Biology</i>, vol. 79, no. 3. Springer, pp. 525–559, 2017.","ista":"Kollár R, Novak S. 2017. Existence of traveling waves for the generalized F–KPP equation. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology. 79(3), 525–559.","mla":"Kollár, Richard, and Sebastian Novak. “Existence of Traveling Waves for the Generalized F–KPP Equation.” <i>Bulletin of Mathematical Biology</i>, vol. 79, no. 3, Springer, 2017, pp. 525–59, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-016-0244-3\">10.1007/s11538-016-0244-3</a>."},"publication":"Bulletin of Mathematical Biology","oa":1,"month":"03","status":"public","oa_version":"Preprint","_id":"1191","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1007/s11538-016-0244-3","intvolume":"        79","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.00944"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Kollár","full_name":"Kollár, Richard","first_name":"Richard"},{"last_name":"Novak","full_name":"Novak, Sebastian","orcid":"0000-0002-2519-824X","id":"461468AE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Sebastian"}],"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:50:38Z","volume":79,"publisher":"Springer","issue":"3","day":"01","article_processing_charge":"No","publist_id":"6160","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2017","page":"525-559"},{"isi":1,"date_published":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"isi":["000392229100011"]},"project":[{"grant_number":"250152","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25B07788-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Limits to selection in biology and in evolutionary computation"}],"publication_status":"published","title":"How does epistasis influence the response to selection?","date_updated":"2025-04-15T07:11:02Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Much of quantitative genetics is based on the ‘infinitesimal model’, under which selection has a negligible effect on the genetic variance. This is typically justified by assuming a very large number of loci with additive effects. However, it applies even when genes interact, provided that the number of loci is large enough that selection on each of them is weak relative to random drift. In the long term, directional selection will change allele frequencies, but even then, the effects of epistasis on the ultimate change in trait mean due to selection may be modest. Stabilising selection can maintain many traits close to their optima, even when the underlying alleles are weakly selected. However, the number of traits that can be optimised is apparently limited to ~4Ne by the ‘drift load’, and this is hard to reconcile with the apparent complexity of many organisms. Just as for the mutation load, this limit can be evaded by a particular form of negative epistasis. A more robust limit is set by the variance in reproductive success. This suggests that selection accumulates information most efficiently in the infinitesimal regime, when selection on individual alleles is weak, and comparable with random drift. A review of evidence on selection strength suggests that although most variance in fitness may be because of alleles with large Nes, substantial amounts of adaptation may be because of alleles in the infinitesimal regime, in which epistasis has modest effects."}],"quality_controlled":"1","ec_funded":1,"citation":{"short":"N.H. Barton, Heredity 118 (2017) 96–109.","apa":"Barton, N. H. (2017). How does epistasis influence the response to selection? <i>Heredity</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2016.109\">https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2016.109</a>","chicago":"Barton, Nicholas H. “How Does Epistasis Influence the Response to Selection?” <i>Heredity</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2016.109\">https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2016.109</a>.","mla":"Barton, Nicholas H. “How Does Epistasis Influence the Response to Selection?” <i>Heredity</i>, vol. 118, Nature Publishing Group, 2017, pp. 96–109, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2016.109\">10.1038/hdy.2016.109</a>.","ista":"Barton NH. 2017. How does epistasis influence the response to selection? Heredity. 118, 96–109.","ama":"Barton NH. How does epistasis influence the response to selection? <i>Heredity</i>. 2017;118:96-109. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2016.109\">10.1038/hdy.2016.109</a>","ieee":"N. H. Barton, “How does epistasis influence the response to selection?,” <i>Heredity</i>, vol. 118. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 96–109, 2017."},"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","publication":"Heredity","type":"journal_article","intvolume":"       118","doi":"10.1038/hdy.2016.109","scopus_import":"1","volume":118,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:50:40Z","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","id":"9710","status":"public"}]},"author":[{"id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Nicholas H","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","last_name":"Barton","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5176114/"}],"month":"01","oa":1,"_id":"1199","oa_version":"Submitted Version","status":"public","year":"2017","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"page":"96 - 109","day":"01","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"publist_id":"6151","article_processing_charge":"No"},{"type":"journal_article","file":[{"checksum":"4e661d9135d7f8c342e8e258dee76f3e","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","file_size":755241,"file_id":"5841","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:44:46Z","date_created":"2019-01-17T15:57:29Z","file_name":"2017_ActaInformatica_Giacobbe.pdf"}],"pubrep_id":"649","publication":"Acta Informatica","citation":{"chicago":"Giacobbe, Mirco, Calin C Guet, Ashutosh Gupta, Thomas A Henzinger, Tiago Paixao, and Tatjana Petrov. “Model Checking the Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks.” <i>Acta Informatica</i>. Springer, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-016-0278-x\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-016-0278-x</a>.","apa":"Giacobbe, M., Guet, C. C., Gupta, A., Henzinger, T. A., Paixao, T., &#38; Petrov, T. (2017). Model checking the evolution of gene regulatory networks. <i>Acta Informatica</i>. Springer. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-016-0278-x\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-016-0278-x</a>","short":"M. Giacobbe, C.C. Guet, A. Gupta, T.A. Henzinger, T. Paixao, T. Petrov, Acta Informatica 54 (2017) 765–787.","ieee":"M. Giacobbe, C. C. Guet, A. Gupta, T. A. Henzinger, T. Paixao, and T. Petrov, “Model checking the evolution of gene regulatory networks,” <i>Acta Informatica</i>, vol. 54, no. 8. Springer, pp. 765–787, 2017.","ama":"Giacobbe M, Guet CC, Gupta A, Henzinger TA, Paixao T, Petrov T. Model checking the evolution of gene regulatory networks. <i>Acta Informatica</i>. 2017;54(8):765-787. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-016-0278-x\">10.1007/s00236-016-0278-x</a>","ista":"Giacobbe M, Guet CC, Gupta A, Henzinger TA, Paixao T, Petrov T. 2017. Model checking the evolution of gene regulatory networks. Acta Informatica. 54(8), 765–787.","mla":"Giacobbe, Mirco, et al. “Model Checking the Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks.” <i>Acta Informatica</i>, vol. 54, no. 8, Springer, 2017, pp. 765–87, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-016-0278-x\">10.1007/s00236-016-0278-x</a>."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","ec_funded":1,"corr_author":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0001-5903"]},"quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The behaviour of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is typically analysed using simulation-based statistical testing-like methods. In this paper, we demonstrate that we can replace this approach by a formal verification-like method that gives higher assurance and scalability. We focus on Wagner’s weighted GRN model with varying weights, which is used in evolutionary biology. In the model, weight parameters represent the gene interaction strength that may change due to genetic mutations. For a property of interest, we synthesise the constraints over the parameter space that represent the set of GRNs satisfying the property. We experimentally show that our parameter synthesis procedure computes the mutational robustness of GRNs—an important problem of interest in evolutionary biology—more efficiently than the classical simulation method. We specify the property in linear temporal logic. We employ symbolic bounded model checking and SMT solving to compute the space of GRNs that satisfy the property, which amounts to synthesizing a set of linear constraints on the weights."}],"external_id":{"isi":["000414343200003"]},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"date_published":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","isi":1,"project":[{"name":"Quantitative Reactive Modeling","_id":"25EE3708-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"267989"},{"grant_number":"S 11407_N23","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"25832EC2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Rigorous Systems Engineering"},{"name":"Formal methods for the design and analysis of complex systems","_id":"25F42A32-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"Z211"},{"name":"Speed of Adaptation in Population Genetics and Evolutionary Computation","_id":"25B1EC9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"618091"},{"grant_number":"291734","name":"International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme","_id":"25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7"},{"call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Limits to selection in biology and in evolutionary computation","_id":"25B07788-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"250152"}],"publication_status":"published","title":"Model checking the evolution of gene regulatory networks","date_updated":"2025-07-10T11:50:42Z","department":[{"_id":"ToHe"},{"_id":"CaGu"},{"_id":"NiBa"}],"publist_id":"5898","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","day":"01","issue":"8","publisher":"Springer","page":"765 - 787","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","year":"2017","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"1351","ddc":["006","576"],"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:44:46Z","oa_version":"Published Version","status":"public","month":"12","oa":1,"volume":54,"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"earlier_version","id":"1835","status":"public"}]},"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:51:32Z","author":[{"first_name":"Mirco","id":"3444EA5E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8180-0904","last_name":"Giacobbe","full_name":"Giacobbe, Mirco"},{"first_name":"Calin C","id":"47F8433E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-6220-2052","full_name":"Guet, Calin C","last_name":"Guet"},{"full_name":"Gupta, Ashutosh","last_name":"Gupta","id":"335E5684-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Ashutosh"},{"last_name":"Henzinger","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","orcid":"0000−0002−2985−7724","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Thomas A"},{"id":"2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Tiago","full_name":"Paixao, Tiago","last_name":"Paixao","orcid":"0000-0003-2361-3953"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-9041-0905","full_name":"Petrov, Tatjana","last_name":"Petrov","first_name":"Tatjana","id":"3D5811FC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"intvolume":"        54","doi":"10.1007/s00236-016-0278-x","scopus_import":"1"},{"type":"journal_article","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"ama":"Uecker H. Evolutionary rescue in randomly mating, selfing, and clonal populations. <i>Evolution</i>. 2017;71(4):845-858. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13191\">10.1111/evo.13191</a>","ieee":"H. Uecker, “Evolutionary rescue in randomly mating, selfing, and clonal populations,” <i>Evolution</i>, vol. 71, no. 4. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 845–858, 2017.","ista":"Uecker H. 2017. Evolutionary rescue in randomly mating, selfing, and clonal populations. Evolution. 71(4), 845–858.","mla":"Uecker, Hildegard. “Evolutionary Rescue in Randomly Mating, Selfing, and Clonal Populations.” <i>Evolution</i>, vol. 71, no. 4, Wiley-Blackwell, 2017, pp. 845–58, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13191\">10.1111/evo.13191</a>.","apa":"Uecker, H. (2017). Evolutionary rescue in randomly mating, selfing, and clonal populations. <i>Evolution</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13191\">https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13191</a>","chicago":"Uecker, Hildegard. “Evolutionary Rescue in Randomly Mating, Selfing, and Clonal Populations.” <i>Evolution</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13191\">https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13191</a>.","short":"H. Uecker, Evolution 71 (2017) 845–858."},"publication":"Evolution","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0014-3820"]},"ec_funded":1,"isi":1,"date_published":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"isi":["000398545200003"]},"date_updated":"2025-07-10T11:49:52Z","title":"Evolutionary rescue in randomly mating, selfing, and clonal populations","project":[{"_id":"25B07788-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Limits to selection in biology and in evolutionary computation","call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"250152"}],"publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Severe environmental change can drive a population extinct unless the population adapts in time to the new conditions (“evolutionary rescue”). How does biparental sexual reproduction influence the chances of population persistence compared to clonal reproduction or selfing? In this article, we set up a one‐locus two‐allele model for adaptation in diploid species, where rescue is contingent on the establishment of the mutant homozygote. Reproduction can occur by random mating, selfing, or clonally. Random mating generates and destroys the rescue mutant; selfing is efficient at generating it but at the same time depletes the heterozygote, which can lead to a low mutant frequency in the standing genetic variation. Due to these (and other) antagonistic effects, we find a nontrivial dependence of population survival on the rate of sex/selfing, which is strongly influenced by the dominance coefficient of the mutation before and after the environmental change. Importantly, since mating with the wild‐type breaks the mutant homozygote up, a slow decay of the wild‐type population size can impede rescue in randomly mating populations."}],"quality_controlled":"1","issue":"4","day":"01","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"publist_id":"6327","article_processing_charge":"No","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2017","page":"845 - 858","month":"04","oa":1,"oa_version":"Submitted Version","status":"public","_id":"1063","intvolume":"        71","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1111/evo.13191","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:49:57Z","volume":71,"main_file_link":[{"url":"http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/14/081042","open_access":"1"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Uecker, Hildegard","last_name":"Uecker","orcid":"0000-0001-9435-2813","id":"2DB8F68A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Hildegard"}]},{"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","id":"9864","status":"public"}]},"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:50:01Z","volume":14,"author":[{"last_name":"Fernandes Redondo","full_name":"Fernandes Redondo, Rodrigo A","orcid":"0000-0002-5837-2793","id":"409D5C96-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Rodrigo A"},{"id":"2A181218-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Harold","last_name":"Vladar","full_name":"Vladar, Harold","orcid":"0000-0002-5985-7653"},{"first_name":"Tomasz","full_name":"Włodarski, Tomasz","last_name":"Włodarski"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4624-4612","full_name":"Bollback, Jonathan P","last_name":"Bollback","first_name":"Jonathan P","id":"2C6FA9CC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"intvolume":"        14","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1098/rsif.2016.0139","article_number":"20160139","oa_version":"Published Version","status":"public","_id":"1077","file_date_updated":"2019-01-18T09:14:02Z","ddc":["570"],"month":"01","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2017","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"},{"_id":"JoBo"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","publist_id":"6303","issue":"126","day":"04","publisher":"Royal Society of London","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Viral capsids are structurally constrained by interactions among the amino acids (AAs) of their constituent proteins. Therefore, epistasis is expected to evolve among physically interacting sites and to influence the rates of substitution. To study the evolution of epistasis, we focused on the major structural protein of the fX174 phage family by first reconstructing the ancestral protein sequences of 18 species using a Bayesian statistical framework. The inferred ancestral reconstruction differed at eight AAs, for a total of 256 possible ancestral haplotypes. For each ancestral haplotype and the extant species, we estimated, in silico, the distribution of free energies and epistasis of the capsid structure. We found that free energy has not significantly increased but epistasis has. We decomposed epistasis up to fifth order and found that higher-order epistasis sometimes compensates pairwise interactions making the free energy seem additive. The dN/dS ratio is low, suggesting strong purifying selection, and that structure is under stabilizing selection. We synthesized phages carrying ancestral haplotypes of the coat protein gene and measured their fitness experimentally. Our findings indicate that stabilizing mutations can have higher fitness, and that fitness optima do not necessarily coincide with energy minima.","lang":"eng"}],"isi":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"date_published":"2017-01-04T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"isi":["000393380400001"]},"date_updated":"2025-07-10T11:49:59Z","title":"Evolutionary interplay between structure, energy and epistasis in the coat protein of the ϕX174 phage family","project":[{"grant_number":"250152","name":"Limits to selection in biology and in evolutionary computation","_id":"25B07788-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7"},{"grant_number":"648440","_id":"2578D616-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Selective Barriers to Horizontal Gene Transfer","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"publication_status":"published","ec_funded":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1742-5689"]},"publication":"Journal of the Royal Society Interface","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"mla":"Fernandes Redondo, Rodrigo A., et al. “Evolutionary Interplay between Structure, Energy and Epistasis in the Coat Protein of the ΦX174 Phage Family.” <i>Journal of the Royal Society Interface</i>, vol. 14, no. 126, 20160139, Royal Society of London, 2017, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0139\">10.1098/rsif.2016.0139</a>.","ista":"Fernandes Redondo RA, de Vladar H, Włodarski T, Bollback JP. 2017. Evolutionary interplay between structure, energy and epistasis in the coat protein of the ϕX174 phage family. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 14(126), 20160139.","ieee":"R. A. Fernandes Redondo, H. de Vladar, T. Włodarski, and J. P. Bollback, “Evolutionary interplay between structure, energy and epistasis in the coat protein of the ϕX174 phage family,” <i>Journal of the Royal Society Interface</i>, vol. 14, no. 126. Royal Society of London, 2017.","ama":"Fernandes Redondo RA, de Vladar H, Włodarski T, Bollback JP. Evolutionary interplay between structure, energy and epistasis in the coat protein of the ϕX174 phage family. <i>Journal of the Royal Society Interface</i>. 2017;14(126). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0139\">10.1098/rsif.2016.0139</a>","short":"R.A. Fernandes Redondo, H. de Vladar, T. Włodarski, J.P. Bollback, Journal of the Royal Society Interface 14 (2017).","chicago":"Fernandes Redondo, Rodrigo A, Harold de Vladar, Tomasz Włodarski, and Jonathan P Bollback. “Evolutionary Interplay between Structure, Energy and Epistasis in the Coat Protein of the ΦX174 Phage Family.” <i>Journal of the Royal Society Interface</i>. Royal Society of London, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0139\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0139</a>.","apa":"Fernandes Redondo, R. A., de Vladar, H., Włodarski, T., &#38; Bollback, J. P. (2017). Evolutionary interplay between structure, energy and epistasis in the coat protein of the ϕX174 phage family. <i>Journal of the Royal Society Interface</i>. Royal Society of London. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0139\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0139</a>"},"type":"journal_article","file":[{"date_created":"2019-01-18T09:14:02Z","file_name":"2017_JRSI_Redondo.pdf","success":1,"date_updated":"2019-01-18T09:14:02Z","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","file_size":1092015,"file_id":"5843","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file"}]},{"type":"journal_article","publication":"Genetics","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"ama":"Heredia J, Trubenova B, Sudholt D, Paixao T. Selection limits to adaptive walks on correlated landscapes. <i>Genetics</i>. 2017;205(2):803-825. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.189340\">10.1534/genetics.116.189340</a>","ieee":"J. Heredia, B. Trubenova, D. Sudholt, and T. Paixao, “Selection limits to adaptive walks on correlated landscapes,” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 205, no. 2. Genetics Society of America, pp. 803–825, 2017.","ista":"Heredia J, Trubenova B, Sudholt D, Paixao T. 2017. Selection limits to adaptive walks on correlated landscapes. Genetics. 205(2), 803–825.","mla":"Heredia, Jorge, et al. “Selection Limits to Adaptive Walks on Correlated Landscapes.” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 205, no. 2, Genetics Society of America, 2017, pp. 803–25, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.189340\">10.1534/genetics.116.189340</a>.","apa":"Heredia, J., Trubenova, B., Sudholt, D., &#38; Paixao, T. (2017). Selection limits to adaptive walks on correlated landscapes. <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society of America. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.189340\">https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.189340</a>","chicago":"Heredia, Jorge, Barbora Trubenova, Dirk Sudholt, and Tiago Paixao. “Selection Limits to Adaptive Walks on Correlated Landscapes.” <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society of America, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.189340\">https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.189340</a>.","short":"J. Heredia, B. Trubenova, D. Sudholt, T. Paixao, Genetics 205 (2017) 803–825."},"pmid":1,"ec_funded":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0016-6731"]},"abstract":[{"text":"Adaptation depends critically on the effects of new mutations and their dependency on the genetic background in which they occur. These two factors can be summarized by the fitness landscape. However, it would require testing all mutations in all backgrounds, making the definition and analysis of fitness landscapes mostly inaccessible. Instead of postulating a particular fitness landscape, we address this problem by considering general classes of landscapes and calculating an upper limit for the time it takes for a population to reach a fitness peak, circumventing the need to have full knowledge about the fitness landscape. We analyze populations in the weak-mutation regime and characterize the conditions that enable them to quickly reach the fitness peak as a function of the number of sites under selection. We show that for additive landscapes there is a critical selection strength enabling populations to reach high-fitness genotypes, regardless of the distribution of effects. This threshold scales with the number of sites under selection, effectively setting a limit to adaptation, and results from the inevitable increase in deleterious mutational pressure as the population adapts in a space of discrete genotypes. Furthermore, we show that for the class of all unimodal landscapes this condition is sufficient but not necessary for rapid adaptation, as in some highly epistatic landscapes the critical strength does not depend on the number of sites under selection; effectively removing this barrier to adaptation.","lang":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2025-07-10T11:50:06Z","publication_status":"published","title":"Selection limits to adaptive walks on correlated landscapes","project":[{"grant_number":"618091","call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Speed of Adaptation in Population Genetics and Evolutionary Computation","_id":"25B1EC9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"isi":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["27881471"],"isi":["000394144900025"]},"date_published":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","publist_id":"6256","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"article_type":"original","publisher":"Genetics Society of America","day":"01","issue":"2","page":"803 - 825","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2017","status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"1111","oa":1,"month":"02","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.189340","open_access":"1"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Jorge","full_name":"Heredia, Jorge","last_name":"Heredia"},{"first_name":"Barbora","id":"42302D54-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-6873-2967","last_name":"Trubenova","full_name":"Trubenova, Barbora"},{"full_name":"Sudholt, Dirk","last_name":"Sudholt","first_name":"Dirk"},{"first_name":"Tiago","id":"2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2361-3953","full_name":"Paixao, Tiago","last_name":"Paixao"}],"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:50:12Z","volume":205,"scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1534/genetics.116.189340","intvolume":"       205"},{"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:50:12Z","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"text":"There has been renewed interest in modelling the behaviour of evolutionary algorithms by more traditional mathematical objects, such as ordinary differential equations or Markov chains. The advantage is that the analysis becomes greatly facilitated due to the existence of well established methods. However, this typically comes at the cost of disregarding information about the process. Here, we introduce the use of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) for the study of EAs. SDEs can produce simple analytical results for the dynamics of stochastic processes, unlike Markov chains which can produce rigorous but unwieldy expressions about the dynamics. On the other hand, unlike ordinary differential equations (ODEs), they do not discard information about the stochasticity of the process. We show that these are especially suitable for the analysis of fixed budget scenarios and present analogs of the additive and multiplicative drift theorems for SDEs. We exemplify the use of these methods for two model algorithms ((1+1) EA and RLS) on two canonical problems(OneMax and LeadingOnes).","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Tiago","id":"2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2361-3953","full_name":"Paixao, Tiago","last_name":"Paixao"},{"last_name":"Pérez Heredia","full_name":"Pérez Heredia, Jorge","first_name":"Jorge"}],"date_published":"2017-01-12T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":1,"date_updated":"2021-01-12T06:48:22Z","title":"An application of stochastic differential equations to evolutionary algorithms","publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1145/3040718.3040729","status":"public","oa_version":"None","_id":"1112","month":"01","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-145034651-1"]},"page":"3 - 11","publication":"Proceedings of the 14th ACM/SIGEVO Conference on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2017","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"ista":"Paixao T, Pérez Heredia J. 2017. An application of stochastic differential equations to evolutionary algorithms. Proceedings of the 14th ACM/SIGEVO Conference on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms. FOGA: Foundations of Genetic Algorithms, 3–11.","mla":"Paixao, Tiago, and Jorge Pérez Heredia. “An Application of Stochastic Differential Equations to Evolutionary Algorithms.” <i>Proceedings of the 14th ACM/SIGEVO Conference on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms</i>, ACM, 2017, pp. 3–11, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3040718.3040729\">10.1145/3040718.3040729</a>.","ama":"Paixao T, Pérez Heredia J. An application of stochastic differential equations to evolutionary algorithms. In: <i>Proceedings of the 14th ACM/SIGEVO Conference on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms</i>. ACM; 2017:3-11. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3040718.3040729\">10.1145/3040718.3040729</a>","ieee":"T. Paixao and J. Pérez Heredia, “An application of stochastic differential equations to evolutionary algorithms,” in <i>Proceedings of the 14th ACM/SIGEVO Conference on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms</i>, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2017, pp. 3–11.","short":"T. Paixao, J. Pérez Heredia, in:, Proceedings of the 14th ACM/SIGEVO Conference on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms, ACM, 2017, pp. 3–11.","chicago":"Paixao, Tiago, and Jorge Pérez Heredia. “An Application of Stochastic Differential Equations to Evolutionary Algorithms.” In <i>Proceedings of the 14th ACM/SIGEVO Conference on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms</i>, 3–11. ACM, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3040718.3040729\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3040718.3040729</a>.","apa":"Paixao, T., &#38; Pérez Heredia, J. (2017). An application of stochastic differential equations to evolutionary algorithms. In <i>Proceedings of the 14th ACM/SIGEVO Conference on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms</i> (pp. 3–11). Copenhagen, Denmark: ACM. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3040718.3040729\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3040718.3040729</a>"},"conference":{"end_date":"2017-01-15","start_date":"2017-01-12","location":"Copenhagen, Denmark","name":"FOGA: Foundations of Genetic Algorithms"},"department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"type":"conference","publist_id":"6255","day":"12","publisher":"ACM"},{"ec_funded":1,"corr_author":"1","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Frequency-independent selection is generally considered as a force that acts to reduce the genetic variation in evolving populations, yet rigorous arguments for this idea are scarce. When selection fluctuates in time, it is unclear whether frequency-independent selection may maintain genetic polymorphism without invoking additional mechanisms. We show that constant frequency-independent selection with arbitrary epistasis on a well-mixed haploid population eliminates genetic variation if we assume linkage equilibrium between alleles. To this end, we introduce the notion of frequency-independent selection at the level of alleles, which is sufficient to prove our claim and contains the notion of frequency-independent selection on haploids. When selection and recombination are weak but of the same order, there may be strong linkage disequilibrium; numerical calculations show that stable equilibria are highly unlikely. Using the example of a diallelic two-locus model, we then demonstrate that frequency-independent selection that fluctuates in time can maintain stable polymorphism if linkage disequilibrium changes its sign periodically. We put our findings in the context of results from the existing literature and point out those scenarios in which the possible role of frequency-independent selection in maintaining genetic variation remains unclear.\r\n"}],"date_published":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"isi":["000412232600019"]},"isi":1,"date_updated":"2025-04-15T08:22:21Z","project":[{"name":"Speed of Adaptation in Population Genetics and Evolutionary Computation","_id":"25B1EC9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"618091"}],"publication_status":"published","title":"When does frequency-independent selection maintain genetic variation?","type":"journal_article","file":[{"file_id":"5264","file_size":494268,"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","checksum":"f7c32dabf52e6d9e709d9203761e39fd","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:17:12Z","file_name":"IST-2018-974-v1+1_manuscript.pdf","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:15Z","access_level":"open_access","creator":"system"}],"publication":"Genetics","pubrep_id":"974","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","citation":{"apa":"Novak, S., &#38; Barton, N. H. (2017). When does frequency-independent selection maintain genetic variation? <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society of America. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.117.300129\">https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.117.300129</a>","chicago":"Novak, Sebastian, and Nicholas H Barton. “When Does Frequency-Independent Selection Maintain Genetic Variation?” <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society of America, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.117.300129\">https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.117.300129</a>.","short":"S. Novak, N.H. Barton, Genetics 207 (2017) 653–668.","ieee":"S. Novak and N. H. Barton, “When does frequency-independent selection maintain genetic variation?,” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 207, no. 2. Genetics Society of America, pp. 653–668, 2017.","ama":"Novak S, Barton NH. When does frequency-independent selection maintain genetic variation? <i>Genetics</i>. 2017;207(2):653-668. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.117.300129\">10.1534/genetics.117.300129</a>","mla":"Novak, Sebastian, and Nicholas H. Barton. “When Does Frequency-Independent Selection Maintain Genetic Variation?” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 207, no. 2, Genetics Society of America, 2017, pp. 653–68, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.117.300129\">10.1534/genetics.117.300129</a>.","ista":"Novak S, Barton NH. 2017. When does frequency-independent selection maintain genetic variation? Genetics. 207(2), 653–668."},"status":"public","oa_version":"Submitted Version","_id":"910","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:15Z","ddc":["576"],"month":"10","oa":1,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:49:09Z","volume":207,"author":[{"first_name":"Sebastian","id":"461468AE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2519-824X","last_name":"Novak","full_name":"Novak, Sebastian"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","last_name":"Barton","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","first_name":"Nicholas H","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"intvolume":"       207","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1534/genetics.117.300129","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publist_id":"6533","day":"01","issue":"2","publisher":"Genetics Society of America","page":"653 - 668","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2017"},{"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"9856","relation":"research_data","status":"public"},{"id":"9857","relation":"research_data","status":"public"},{"id":"9858","relation":"research_data","status":"public"}]},"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:49:22Z","volume":15,"author":[{"first_name":"Tom","full_name":"Schmidt, Tom","last_name":"Schmidt"},{"last_name":"Barton","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Nicholas H"},{"first_name":"Gordana","last_name":"Rasic","full_name":"Rasic, Gordana"},{"last_name":"Turley","full_name":"Turley, Andrew","first_name":"Andrew"},{"full_name":"Montgomery, Brian","last_name":"Montgomery","first_name":"Brian"},{"last_name":"Iturbe Ormaetxe","full_name":"Iturbe Ormaetxe, Inaki","first_name":"Inaki"},{"first_name":"Peter","full_name":"Cook, Peter","last_name":"Cook"},{"first_name":"Peter","full_name":"Ryan, Peter","last_name":"Ryan"},{"last_name":"Ritchie","full_name":"Ritchie, Scott","first_name":"Scott"},{"first_name":"Ary","last_name":"Hoffmann","full_name":"Hoffmann, Ary"},{"full_name":"O’Neill, Scott","last_name":"O’Neill","first_name":"Scott"},{"first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Turelli, Michael","last_name":"Turelli"}],"intvolume":"        15","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894","article_number":"e2001894","oa_version":"Published Version","status":"public","_id":"951","ddc":["576"],"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:16Z","month":"05","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2017","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","publist_id":"6464","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"30","issue":"5","publisher":"Public Library of Science","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Dengue-suppressing Wolbachia strains are promising tools for arbovirus control, particularly as they have the potential to self-spread following local introductions. To test this, we followed the frequency of the transinfected Wolbachia strain wMel through Ae. aegypti in Cairns, Australia, following releases at 3 nonisolated locations within the city in early 2013. Spatial spread was analysed graphically using interpolation and by fitting a statistical model describing the position and width of the wave. For the larger 2 of the 3 releases (covering 0.97 km2 and 0.52 km2), we observed slow but steady spatial spread, at about 100–200 m per year, roughly consistent with theoretical predictions. In contrast, the smallest release (0.11 km2) produced erratic temporal and spatial dynamics, with little evidence of spread after 2 years. This is consistent with the prediction concerning fitness-decreasing Wolbachia transinfections that a minimum release area is needed to achieve stable local establishment and spread in continuous habitats. Our graphical and likelihood analyses produced broadly consistent estimates of wave speed and wave width. Spread at all sites was spatially heterogeneous, suggesting that environmental heterogeneity will affect large-scale Wolbachia transformations of urban mosquito populations. The persistence and spread of Wolbachia in release areas meeting minimum area requirements indicates the promise of successful large-scale population transfo","lang":"eng"}],"isi":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"date_published":"2017-05-30T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"isi":["000402520000012"]},"date_updated":"2025-07-10T12:01:48Z","publication_status":"published","title":"Local introduction and heterogeneous spatial spread of dengue-suppressing Wolbachia through an urban population of Aedes Aegypti","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1544-9173"]},"publication":"PLoS Biology","pubrep_id":"843","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"ieee":"T. Schmidt <i>et al.</i>, “Local introduction and heterogeneous spatial spread of dengue-suppressing Wolbachia through an urban population of Aedes Aegypti,” <i>PLoS Biology</i>, vol. 15, no. 5. Public Library of Science, 2017.","ama":"Schmidt T, Barton NH, Rasic G, et al. Local introduction and heterogeneous spatial spread of dengue-suppressing Wolbachia through an urban population of Aedes Aegypti. <i>PLoS Biology</i>. 2017;15(5). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894\">10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894</a>","mla":"Schmidt, Tom, et al. “Local Introduction and Heterogeneous Spatial Spread of Dengue-Suppressing Wolbachia through an Urban Population of Aedes Aegypti.” <i>PLoS Biology</i>, vol. 15, no. 5, e2001894, Public Library of Science, 2017, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894\">10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894</a>.","ista":"Schmidt T, Barton NH, Rasic G, Turley A, Montgomery B, Iturbe Ormaetxe I, Cook P, Ryan P, Ritchie S, Hoffmann A, O’Neill S, Turelli M. 2017. Local introduction and heterogeneous spatial spread of dengue-suppressing Wolbachia through an urban population of Aedes Aegypti. PLoS Biology. 15(5), e2001894.","chicago":"Schmidt, Tom, Nicholas H Barton, Gordana Rasic, Andrew Turley, Brian Montgomery, Inaki Iturbe Ormaetxe, Peter Cook, et al. “Local Introduction and Heterogeneous Spatial Spread of Dengue-Suppressing Wolbachia through an Urban Population of Aedes Aegypti.” <i>PLoS Biology</i>. Public Library of Science, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894</a>.","apa":"Schmidt, T., Barton, N. H., Rasic, G., Turley, A., Montgomery, B., Iturbe Ormaetxe, I., … Turelli, M. (2017). Local introduction and heterogeneous spatial spread of dengue-suppressing Wolbachia through an urban population of Aedes Aegypti. <i>PLoS Biology</i>. Public Library of Science. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001894</a>","short":"T. Schmidt, N.H. Barton, G. Rasic, A. Turley, B. Montgomery, I. Iturbe Ormaetxe, P. Cook, P. Ryan, S. Ritchie, A. Hoffmann, S. O’Neill, M. Turelli, PLoS Biology 15 (2017)."},"type":"journal_article","file":[{"date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:16Z","creator":"system","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:08:30Z","file_name":"IST-2017-843-v1+1_journal.pbio.2001894.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","checksum":"107d290bd1159ec77b734eb2824b01c8","file_size":5541206,"file_id":"4691"}]},{"file":[{"access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:16Z","date_created":"2019-04-17T06:39:45Z","file_name":"2017_TheoreticalPopulationBio_Turelli.pdf","checksum":"9aeff86fa7de69f7a15cf4fc60d57d01","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","file_size":2073856,"file_id":"6327"}],"type":"journal_article","pmid":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"mla":"Turelli, Michael, and Nicholas H. Barton. “Deploying Dengue-Suppressing Wolbachia: Robust Models Predict Slow but Effective Spatial Spread in Aedes Aegypti.” <i>Theoretical Population Biology</i>, vol. 115, Elsevier, 2017, pp. 45–60, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2017.03.003\">10.1016/j.tpb.2017.03.003</a>.","ista":"Turelli M, Barton NH. 2017. Deploying dengue-suppressing Wolbachia: Robust models predict slow but effective spatial spread in Aedes aegypti. Theoretical Population Biology. 115, 45–60.","ama":"Turelli M, Barton NH. Deploying dengue-suppressing Wolbachia: Robust models predict slow but effective spatial spread in Aedes aegypti. <i>Theoretical Population Biology</i>. 2017;115:45-60. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2017.03.003\">10.1016/j.tpb.2017.03.003</a>","ieee":"M. Turelli and N. H. Barton, “Deploying dengue-suppressing Wolbachia: Robust models predict slow but effective spatial spread in Aedes aegypti,” <i>Theoretical Population Biology</i>, vol. 115. Elsevier, pp. 45–60, 2017.","short":"M. Turelli, N.H. Barton, Theoretical Population Biology 115 (2017) 45–60.","chicago":"Turelli, Michael, and Nicholas H Barton. “Deploying Dengue-Suppressing Wolbachia: Robust Models Predict Slow but Effective Spatial Spread in Aedes Aegypti.” <i>Theoretical Population Biology</i>. Elsevier, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2017.03.003\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2017.03.003</a>.","apa":"Turelli, M., &#38; Barton, N. H. (2017). Deploying dengue-suppressing Wolbachia: Robust models predict slow but effective spatial spread in Aedes aegypti. <i>Theoretical Population Biology</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2017.03.003\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2017.03.003</a>"},"publication":"Theoretical Population Biology","pubrep_id":"972","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0040-5809"]},"date_published":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)"},"external_id":{"pmid":["28411063"]},"date_updated":"2025-07-10T12:01:49Z","publication_status":"published","title":"Deploying dengue-suppressing Wolbachia: Robust models predict slow but effective spatial spread in Aedes aegypti","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"text":"A novel strategy for controlling the spread of arboviral diseases such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya is to transform mosquito populations with virus-suppressing Wolbachia. In general, Wolbachia transinfected into mosquitoes induce fitness costs through lower viability or fecundity. These maternally inherited bacteria also produce a frequency-dependent advantage for infected females by inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), which kills the embryos produced by uninfected females mated to infected males. These competing effects, a frequency-dependent advantage and frequency-independent costs, produce bistable Wolbachia frequency dynamics. Above a threshold frequency, denoted pˆ, CI drives fitness-decreasing Wolbachia transinfections through local populations; but below pˆ, infection frequencies tend to decline to zero. If pˆ is not too high, CI also drives spatial spread once infections become established over sufficiently large areas. We illustrate how simple models provide testable predictions concerning the spatial and temporal dynamics of Wolbachia introductions, focusing on rate of spatial spread, the shape of spreading waves, and the conditions for initiating spread from local introductions. First, we consider the robustness of diffusion-based predictions to incorporating two important features of wMel-Aedes aegypti biology that may be inconsistent with the diffusion approximations, namely fast local dynamics induced by complete CI (i.e., all embryos produced from incompatible crosses die) and long-tailed, non-Gaussian dispersal. With complete CI, our numerical analyses show that long-tailed dispersal changes wave-width predictions only slightly; but it can significantly reduce wave speed relative to the diffusion prediction; it also allows smaller local introductions to initiate spatial spread. Second, we use approximations for pˆ and dispersal distances to predict the outcome of 2013 releases of wMel-infected Aedes aegypti in Cairns, Australia, Third, we describe new data from Ae. aegypti populations near Cairns, Australia that demonstrate long-distance dispersal and provide an approximate lower bound on pˆ for wMel in northeastern Australia. Finally, we apply our analyses to produce operational guidelines for efficient transformation of vector populations over large areas. We demonstrate that even very slow spatial spread, on the order of 10-20 m/month (as predicted), can produce area-wide population transformation within a few years following initial releases covering about 20-30% of the target area.","lang":"eng"}],"day":"01","publisher":"Elsevier","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","publist_id":"6463","article_processing_charge":"No","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2017","page":"45 - 60","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","month":"06","oa":1,"oa_version":"Submitted Version","status":"public","ddc":["576"],"_id":"952","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:16Z","intvolume":"       115","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2017.03.003","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:49:22Z","volume":115,"author":[{"full_name":"Turelli, Michael","last_name":"Turelli","first_name":"Michael"},{"full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","last_name":"Barton","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Nicholas H"}]},{"intvolume":"       284","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2016.2864","scopus_import":"1","volume":284,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:49:23Z","author":[{"last_name":"Charlesworth","full_name":"Charlesworth, Deborah","first_name":"Deborah"},{"id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Nicholas H","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","last_name":"Barton","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240"},{"first_name":"Brian","full_name":"Charlesworth, Brian","last_name":"Charlesworth"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5454256/"}],"month":"05","oa":1,"article_number":"20162864","_id":"953","oa_version":"Submitted Version","status":"public","year":"2017","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"1855","day":"31","publisher":"Royal Society, The","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"publist_id":"6462","article_processing_charge":"No","isi":1,"date_published":"2017-05-31T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"pmid":["28566483"],"isi":["000405148800021"]},"title":"The sources of adaptive evolution","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2023-09-22T10:01:48Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The role of natural selection in the evolution of adaptive phenotypes has undergone constant probing by evolutionary biologists, employing both theoretical and empirical approaches. As Darwin noted, natural selection can act together with other processes, including random changes in the frequencies of phenotypic differences that are not under strong selection, and changes in the environment, which may reflect evolutionary changes in the organisms themselves. As understanding of genetics developed after 1900, the new genetic discoveries were incorporated into evolutionary biology. The resulting general principles were summarized by Julian Huxley in his 1942 book Evolution: the modern synthesis. Here, we examine how recent advances in genetics, developmental biology and molecular biology, including epigenetics, relate to today's understanding of the evolution of adaptations. We illustrate how careful genetic studies have repeatedly shown that apparently puzzling results in a wide diversity of organisms involve processes that are consistent with neo-Darwinism. They do not support important roles in adaptation for processes such as directed mutation or the inheritance of acquired characters, and therefore no radical revision of our understanding of the mechanism of adaptive evolution is needed."}],"quality_controlled":"1","pmid":1,"citation":{"ieee":"D. Charlesworth, N. H. Barton, and B. Charlesworth, “The sources of adaptive evolution,” <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 284, no. 1855. Royal Society, The, 2017.","ama":"Charlesworth D, Barton NH, Charlesworth B. The sources of adaptive evolution. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences</i>. 2017;284(1855). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2864\">10.1098/rspb.2016.2864</a>","ista":"Charlesworth D, Barton NH, Charlesworth B. 2017. The sources of adaptive evolution. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences. 284(1855), 20162864.","mla":"Charlesworth, Deborah, et al. “The Sources of Adaptive Evolution.” <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 284, no. 1855, 20162864, Royal Society, The, 2017, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2864\">10.1098/rspb.2016.2864</a>.","chicago":"Charlesworth, Deborah, Nicholas H Barton, and Brian Charlesworth. “The Sources of Adaptive Evolution.” <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences</i>. Royal Society, The, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2864\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2864</a>.","apa":"Charlesworth, D., Barton, N. H., &#38; Charlesworth, B. (2017). The sources of adaptive evolution. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences</i>. Royal Society, The. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2864\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2864</a>","short":"D. Charlesworth, N.H. Barton, B. Charlesworth, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 284 (2017)."},"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","publication":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences","type":"journal_article"},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Understanding the relation between genotype and phenotype remains a major challenge. The difficulty of predicting individual mutation effects, and particularly the interactions between them, has prevented the development of a comprehensive theory that links genotypic changes to their phenotypic effects. We show that a general thermodynamic framework for gene regulation, based on a biophysical understanding of protein-DNA binding, accurately predicts the sign of epistasis in a canonical cis-regulatory element consisting of overlapping RNA polymerase and repressor binding sites. Sign and magnitude of individual mutation effects are sufficient to predict the sign of epistasis and its environmental dependence. Thus, the thermodynamic model offers the correct null prediction for epistasis between mutations across DNA-binding sites. Our results indicate that a predictive theory for the effects of cis-regulatory mutations is possible from first principles, as long as the essential molecular mechanisms and the constraints these impose on a biological system are accounted for."}],"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"grant_number":"618091","_id":"25B1EC9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Speed of Adaptation in Population Genetics and Evolutionary Computation","call_identifier":"FP7"},{"grant_number":"291734","call_identifier":"FP7","name":"International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme","_id":"25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"2578D616-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Selective Barriers to Horizontal Gene Transfer","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"648440"}],"title":"On the mechanistic nature of epistasis in a canonical cis-regulatory element","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-07-10T12:01:50Z","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"isi":["000404024800001"]},"isi":1,"date_published":"2017-05-18T00:00:00Z","ec_funded":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2050-084X"]},"pubrep_id":"841","publication":"eLife","citation":{"chicago":"Lagator, Mato, Tiago Paixao, Nicholas H Barton, Jonathan P Bollback, and Calin C Guet. “On the Mechanistic Nature of Epistasis in a Canonical Cis-Regulatory Element.” <i>ELife</i>. eLife Sciences Publications, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25192\">https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25192</a>.","apa":"Lagator, M., Paixao, T., Barton, N. H., Bollback, J. P., &#38; Guet, C. C. (2017). On the mechanistic nature of epistasis in a canonical cis-regulatory element. <i>ELife</i>. eLife Sciences Publications. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25192\">https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25192</a>","short":"M. Lagator, T. Paixao, N.H. Barton, J.P. Bollback, C.C. Guet, ELife 6 (2017).","ieee":"M. Lagator, T. Paixao, N. H. Barton, J. P. Bollback, and C. C. Guet, “On the mechanistic nature of epistasis in a canonical cis-regulatory element,” <i>eLife</i>, vol. 6. eLife Sciences Publications, 2017.","ama":"Lagator M, Paixao T, Barton NH, Bollback JP, Guet CC. On the mechanistic nature of epistasis in a canonical cis-regulatory element. <i>eLife</i>. 2017;6. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25192\">10.7554/eLife.25192</a>","mla":"Lagator, Mato, et al. “On the Mechanistic Nature of Epistasis in a Canonical Cis-Regulatory Element.” <i>ELife</i>, vol. 6, e25192, eLife Sciences Publications, 2017, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25192\">10.7554/eLife.25192</a>.","ista":"Lagator M, Paixao T, Barton NH, Bollback JP, Guet CC. 2017. On the mechanistic nature of epistasis in a canonical cis-regulatory element. eLife. 6, e25192."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","type":"journal_article","file":[{"file_size":2441529,"file_id":"5306","checksum":"59cdd4400fb41280122d414fea971546","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"IST-2017-841-v1+1_elife-25192-v2.pdf","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:17:49Z","access_level":"open_access","creator":"system","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:16Z"},{"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"b69024880558b858eb8c5d47a92b6377","file_size":3752660,"file_id":"5307","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:16Z","creator":"system","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"IST-2017-841-v1+2_elife-25192-figures-v2.pdf","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:17:50Z"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Lagator","full_name":"Lagator, Mato","id":"345D25EC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Mato"},{"full_name":"Paixao, Tiago","last_name":"Paixao","orcid":"0000-0003-2361-3953","id":"2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Tiago"},{"last_name":"Barton","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Nicholas H"},{"full_name":"Bollback, Jonathan P","last_name":"Bollback","orcid":"0000-0002-4624-4612","id":"2C6FA9CC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jonathan P"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6220-2052","last_name":"Guet","full_name":"Guet, Calin C","first_name":"Calin C","id":"47F8433E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"volume":6,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:49:23Z","doi":"10.7554/eLife.25192","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"         6","ddc":["576"],"_id":"954","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:16Z","status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","article_number":"e25192","oa":1,"month":"05","year":"2017","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","publist_id":"6460","has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"CaGu"},{"_id":"NiBa"},{"_id":"JoBo"}],"publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications","day":"18"},{"type":"journal_article","file":[{"file_name":"IST-2017-918-v1+1_elife-28921-figures-v3.pdf","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:14:42Z","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:10Z","access_level":"open_access","creator":"system","file_size":8453470,"file_id":"5096","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"273ab17f33305e4eaafd911ff88e7c5b"},{"file_id":"5097","file_size":1953221,"checksum":"b433f90576c7be597cd43367946f8e7f","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"IST-2017-918-v1+2_elife-28921-v3.pdf","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:14:43Z","access_level":"open_access","creator":"system","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:10Z"}],"publication":"eLife","pubrep_id":"918","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","citation":{"short":"M. Lagator, S. Sarikas, H. Acar, J.P. Bollback, C.C. Guet, ELife 6 (2017).","apa":"Lagator, M., Sarikas, S., Acar, H., Bollback, J. P., &#38; Guet, C. C. (2017). Regulatory network structure determines patterns of intermolecular epistasis. <i>ELife</i>. eLife Sciences Publications. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.28921\">https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.28921</a>","chicago":"Lagator, Mato, Srdjan Sarikas, Hande Acar, Jonathan P Bollback, and Calin C Guet. “Regulatory Network Structure Determines Patterns of Intermolecular Epistasis.” <i>ELife</i>. eLife Sciences Publications, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.28921\">https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.28921</a>.","mla":"Lagator, Mato, et al. “Regulatory Network Structure Determines Patterns of Intermolecular Epistasis.” <i>ELife</i>, vol. 6, e28921, eLife Sciences Publications, 2017, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.28921\">10.7554/eLife.28921</a>.","ista":"Lagator M, Sarikas S, Acar H, Bollback JP, Guet CC. 2017. Regulatory network structure determines patterns of intermolecular epistasis. eLife. 6, e28921.","ama":"Lagator M, Sarikas S, Acar H, Bollback JP, Guet CC. Regulatory network structure determines patterns of intermolecular epistasis. <i>eLife</i>. 2017;6. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.28921\">10.7554/eLife.28921</a>","ieee":"M. Lagator, S. Sarikas, H. Acar, J. P. Bollback, and C. C. Guet, “Regulatory network structure determines patterns of intermolecular epistasis,” <i>eLife</i>, vol. 6. eLife Sciences Publications, 2017."},"ec_funded":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2050-084X"]},"corr_author":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Most phenotypes are determined by molecular systems composed of specifically interacting molecules. However, unlike for individual components, little is known about the distributions of mutational effects of molecular systems as a whole. We ask how the distribution of mutational effects of a transcriptional regulatory system differs from the distributions of its components, by first independently, and then simultaneously, mutating a transcription factor and the associated promoter it represses. We find that the system distribution exhibits increased phenotypic variation compared to individual component distributions - an effect arising from intermolecular epistasis between the transcription factor and its DNA-binding site. In large part, this epistasis can be qualitatively attributed to the structure of the transcriptional regulatory system and could therefore be a common feature in prokaryotes. Counter-intuitively, intermolecular epistasis can alleviate the constraints of individual components, thereby increasing phenotypic variation that selection could act on and facilitating adaptive evolution. "}],"quality_controlled":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"isi":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000425868200001"]},"date_published":"2017-11-13T00:00:00Z","date_updated":"2025-09-11T07:40:30Z","publication_status":"published","title":"Regulatory network structure determines patterns of intermolecular epistasis","project":[{"call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme","grant_number":"291734"},{"grant_number":"648440","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Selective Barriers to Horizontal Gene Transfer","_id":"2578D616-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"department":[{"_id":"CaGu"},{"_id":"JoBo"},{"_id":"NiBa"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publist_id":"7244","day":"13","publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2017","article_number":"e28921","status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","ddc":["576"],"_id":"570","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:10Z","month":"11","oa":1,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:47:14Z","volume":6,"author":[{"first_name":"Mato","id":"345D25EC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Lagator, Mato","last_name":"Lagator"},{"first_name":"Srdjan","id":"35F0286E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Sarikas","full_name":"Sarikas, Srdjan"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-1986-9753","full_name":"Acar, Hande","last_name":"Acar","first_name":"Hande","id":"2DDF136A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Bollback, Jonathan P","last_name":"Bollback","orcid":"0000-0002-4624-4612","id":"2C6FA9CC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jonathan P"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6220-2052","full_name":"Guet, Calin C","last_name":"Guet","first_name":"Calin C","id":"47F8433E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"intvolume":"         6","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.7554/eLife.28921"},{"type":"journal_article","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","citation":{"mla":"Bradley, Desmond, et al. “Evolution of Flower Color Pattern through Selection on Regulatory Small RNAs.” <i>Science</i>, vol. 358, no. 6365, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2017, pp. 925–28, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao3526\">10.1126/science.aao3526</a>.","ista":"Bradley D, Xu P, Mohorianu I, Whibley A, Field D, Tavares H, Couchman M, Copsey L, Carpenter R, Li M, Li Q, Xue Y, Dalmay T, Coen E. 2017. Evolution of flower color pattern through selection on regulatory small RNAs. Science. 358(6365), 925–928.","ieee":"D. Bradley <i>et al.</i>, “Evolution of flower color pattern through selection on regulatory small RNAs,” <i>Science</i>, vol. 358, no. 6365. American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 925–928, 2017.","ama":"Bradley D, Xu P, Mohorianu I, et al. Evolution of flower color pattern through selection on regulatory small RNAs. <i>Science</i>. 2017;358(6365):925-928. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao3526\">10.1126/science.aao3526</a>","short":"D. Bradley, P. Xu, I. Mohorianu, A. Whibley, D. Field, H. Tavares, M. Couchman, L. Copsey, R. Carpenter, M. Li, Q. Li, Y. Xue, T. Dalmay, E. Coen, Science 358 (2017) 925–928.","apa":"Bradley, D., Xu, P., Mohorianu, I., Whibley, A., Field, D., Tavares, H., … Coen, E. (2017). Evolution of flower color pattern through selection on regulatory small RNAs. <i>Science</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao3526\">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao3526</a>","chicago":"Bradley, Desmond, Ping Xu, Irina Mohorianu, Annabel Whibley, David Field, Hugo Tavares, Matthew Couchman, et al. “Evolution of Flower Color Pattern through Selection on Regulatory Small RNAs.” <i>Science</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao3526\">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao3526</a>."},"publication":"Science","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0036-8075"]},"date_published":"2017-11-17T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"isi":["000415293000047"]},"isi":1,"date_updated":"2025-09-11T07:34:49Z","publication_status":"published","title":"Evolution of flower color pattern through selection on regulatory small RNAs","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Small RNAs (sRNAs) regulate genes in plants and animals. Here, we show that population-wide differences in color patterns in snapdragon flowers are caused by an inverted duplication that generates sRNAs. The complexity and size of the transcripts indicate that the duplication represents an intermediate on the pathway to microRNA evolution. The sRNAs repress a pigment biosynthesis gene, creating a yellow highlight at the site of pollinator entry. The inverted duplication exhibits steep clines in allele frequency in a natural hybrid zone, showing that the allele is under selection. Thus, regulatory interactions of evolutionarily recent sRNAs can be acted upon by selection and contribute to the evolution of phenotypic diversity.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"6365","day":"17","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"publist_id":"7193","article_processing_charge":"No","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2017","page":"925 - 928","month":"11","status":"public","oa_version":"None","_id":"611","intvolume":"       358","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1126/science.aao3526","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:47:29Z","volume":358,"author":[{"last_name":"Bradley","full_name":"Bradley, Desmond","first_name":"Desmond"},{"first_name":"Ping","full_name":"Xu, Ping","last_name":"Xu"},{"first_name":"Irina","last_name":"Mohorianu","full_name":"Mohorianu, Irina"},{"first_name":"Annabel","last_name":"Whibley","full_name":"Whibley, Annabel"},{"first_name":"David","id":"419049E2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4014-8478","last_name":"Field","full_name":"Field, David"},{"last_name":"Tavares","full_name":"Tavares, Hugo","first_name":"Hugo"},{"full_name":"Couchman, Matthew","last_name":"Couchman","first_name":"Matthew"},{"first_name":"Lucy","full_name":"Copsey, Lucy","last_name":"Copsey"},{"first_name":"Rosemary","last_name":"Carpenter","full_name":"Carpenter, Rosemary"},{"first_name":"Miaomiao","full_name":"Li, Miaomiao","last_name":"Li"},{"first_name":"Qun","full_name":"Li, Qun","last_name":"Li"},{"first_name":"Yongbiao","last_name":"Xue","full_name":"Xue, Yongbiao"},{"first_name":"Tamas","last_name":"Dalmay","full_name":"Dalmay, Tamas"},{"first_name":"Enrico","full_name":"Coen, Enrico","last_name":"Coen"}]},{"citation":{"ama":"Fraisse C, Picard MAL, Vicoso B. The deep conservation of the Lepidoptera Z chromosome suggests a non canonical origin of the W. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2017;8(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01663-5\">10.1038/s41467-017-01663-5</a>","ieee":"C. Fraisse, M. A. L. Picard, and B. Vicoso, “The deep conservation of the Lepidoptera Z chromosome suggests a non canonical origin of the W,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 8, no. 1. Nature Publishing Group, 2017.","mla":"Fraisse, Christelle, et al. “The Deep Conservation of the Lepidoptera Z Chromosome Suggests a Non Canonical Origin of the W.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 8, no. 1, 1486, Nature Publishing Group, 2017, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01663-5\">10.1038/s41467-017-01663-5</a>.","ista":"Fraisse C, Picard MAL, Vicoso B. 2017. The deep conservation of the Lepidoptera Z chromosome suggests a non canonical origin of the W. Nature Communications. 8(1), 1486.","chicago":"Fraisse, Christelle, Marion A L Picard, and Beatriz Vicoso. “The Deep Conservation of the Lepidoptera Z Chromosome Suggests a Non Canonical Origin of the W.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01663-5\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01663-5</a>.","apa":"Fraisse, C., Picard, M. A. L., &#38; Vicoso, B. (2017). The deep conservation of the Lepidoptera Z chromosome suggests a non canonical origin of the W. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01663-5\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01663-5</a>","short":"C. Fraisse, M.A.L. Picard, B. Vicoso, Nature Communications 8 (2017)."},"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","pmid":1,"pubrep_id":"910","publication":"Nature Communications","file":[{"checksum":"4da2651303c8afc2f7fc419be42a2433","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","file_id":"7562","file_size":1201520,"access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:20Z","date_created":"2020-03-03T15:55:50Z","file_name":"2017_NatureComm_Fraisse.pdf"}],"type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","title":"The deep conservation of the Lepidoptera Z chromosome suggests a non canonical origin of the W","project":[{"call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Sex chromosome evolution under male- and female- heterogamety","_id":"250ED89C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"P28842-B22"}],"date_updated":"2025-09-11T07:33:34Z","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"isi":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["29133797"],"isi":["000415124000013"]},"date_published":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) usually have a pair of differentiated WZ sex chromosomes. However, in most lineages outside of the division Ditrysia, as well as in the sister order Trichoptera, females lack a W chromosome. The W is therefore thought to have been acquired secondarily. Here we compare the genomes of three Lepidoptera species (one Dytrisia and two non-Dytrisia) to test three models accounting for the origin of the W: (1) a Z-autosome fusion; (2) a sex chromosome turnover; and (3) a non-canonical mechanism (e.g., through the recruitment of a B chromosome). We show that the gene content of the Z is highly conserved across Lepidoptera (rejecting a sex chromosome turnover) and that very few genes moved onto the Z in the common ancestor of the Ditrysia (arguing against a Z-autosome fusion). Our comparative genomics analysis therefore supports the secondary acquisition of the Lepidoptera W by a non-canonical mechanism, and it confirms the extreme stability of well-differentiated sex chromosomes."}],"corr_author":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2041-1723"]},"year":"2017","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","article_type":"original","issue":"1","day":"01","publist_id":"7190","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"BeVi"},{"_id":"NiBa"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41467-017-01663-5","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"         8","author":[{"id":"32DF5794-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Christelle","last_name":"Fraisse","full_name":"Fraisse, Christelle","orcid":"0000-0001-8441-5075"},{"last_name":"Picard","full_name":"Picard, Marion A","orcid":"0000-0002-8101-2518","id":"2C921A7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Marion A"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4579-8306","last_name":"Vicoso","full_name":"Vicoso, Beatriz","first_name":"Beatriz","id":"49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"volume":8,"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"7163","relation":"popular_science","status":"public"}]},"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:47:30Z","oa":1,"month":"12","_id":"614","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:20Z","ddc":["570","576"],"status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","article_number":"1486"},{"type":"journal_article","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","creator":"system","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:25Z","file_name":"IST-2017-908-v1+1_1-s2.0-S0040580917300886-main_1_.pdf","date_created":"2018-12-12T10:12:45Z","checksum":"7dd02bfcfe8f244f4a6c19091aedf2c8","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"4964","file_size":1133924}],"pubrep_id":"908","publication":"Theoretical Population Biology","citation":{"ama":"Barton NH, Etheridge A, Véber A. The infinitesimal model: Definition derivation and implications. <i>Theoretical Population Biology</i>. 2017;118:50-73. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2017.06.001\">10.1016/j.tpb.2017.06.001</a>","ieee":"N. H. Barton, A. Etheridge, and A. Véber, “The infinitesimal model: Definition derivation and implications,” <i>Theoretical Population Biology</i>, vol. 118. Academic Press, pp. 50–73, 2017.","mla":"Barton, Nicholas H., et al. “The Infinitesimal Model: Definition Derivation and Implications.” <i>Theoretical Population Biology</i>, vol. 118, Academic Press, 2017, pp. 50–73, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2017.06.001\">10.1016/j.tpb.2017.06.001</a>.","ista":"Barton NH, Etheridge A, Véber A. 2017. The infinitesimal model: Definition derivation and implications. Theoretical Population Biology. 118, 50–73.","apa":"Barton, N. H., Etheridge, A., &#38; Véber, A. (2017). The infinitesimal model: Definition derivation and implications. <i>Theoretical Population Biology</i>. Academic Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2017.06.001\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2017.06.001</a>","chicago":"Barton, Nicholas H, Alison Etheridge, and Amandine Véber. “The Infinitesimal Model: Definition Derivation and Implications.” <i>Theoretical Population Biology</i>. Academic Press, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2017.06.001\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2017.06.001</a>.","short":"N.H. Barton, A. Etheridge, A. Véber, Theoretical Population Biology 118 (2017) 50–73."},"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","ec_funded":1,"corr_author":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0040-5809"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Our focus here is on the infinitesimal model. In this model, one or several quantitative traits are described as the sum of a genetic and a non-genetic component, the first being distributed within families as a normal random variable centred at the average of the parental genetic components, and with a variance independent of the parental traits. Thus, the variance that segregates within families is not perturbed by selection, and can be predicted from the variance components. This does not necessarily imply that the trait distribution across the whole population should be Gaussian, and indeed selection or population structure may have a substantial effect on the overall trait distribution. One of our main aims is to identify some general conditions on the allelic effects for the infinitesimal model to be accurate. We first review the long history of the infinitesimal model in quantitative genetics. Then we formulate the model at the phenotypic level in terms of individual trait values and relationships between individuals, but including different evolutionary processes: genetic drift, recombination, selection, mutation, population structure, …. We give a range of examples of its application to evolutionary questions related to stabilising selection, assortative mating, effective population size and response to selection, habitat preference and speciation. We provide a mathematical justification of the model as the limit as the number M of underlying loci tends to infinity of a model with Mendelian inheritance, mutation and environmental noise, when the genetic component of the trait is purely additive. We also show how the model generalises to include epistatic effects. We prove in particular that, within each family, the genetic components of the individual trait values in the current generation are indeed normally distributed with a variance independent of ancestral traits, up to an error of order 1∕M. Simulations suggest that in some cases the convergence may be as fast as 1∕M."}],"quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Limits to selection in biology and in evolutionary computation","_id":"25B07788-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"250152"}],"title":"The infinitesimal model: Definition derivation and implications","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-09-11T07:29:31Z","isi":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"external_id":{"isi":["000417668700005"]},"date_published":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","publist_id":"7169","has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"publisher":"Academic Press","day":"01","page":"50 - 73","year":"2017","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:25Z","_id":"626","ddc":["576"],"oa_version":"Published Version","status":"public","oa":1,"month":"12","author":[{"last_name":"Barton","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Nicholas H"},{"full_name":"Etheridge, Alison","last_name":"Etheridge","first_name":"Alison"},{"first_name":"Amandine","last_name":"Véber","full_name":"Véber, Amandine"}],"volume":118,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:47:34Z","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2017.06.001","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"       118"},{"department":[{"_id":"BeVi"},{"_id":"NiBa"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","type":"research_data","day":"01","file":[{"date_created":"2019-12-10T08:46:46Z","file_name":"Vicoso_Cohridella_Ndegeerella_Tsylvina_genome_assemblies.zip","access_level":"open_access","creator":"cfraisse","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:50Z","file_id":"7164","file_size":841375478,"checksum":"3cae8a2e3cbf8703399b9c483aaba7f3","content_type":"application/zip","relation":"main_file"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","contributor":[{"last_name":"Fraisse","orcid":"0000-0001-8441-5075","id":"32DF5794-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Christelle"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-8101-2518","last_name":"Picard","first_name":"Marion A L","id":"2C921A7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Beatriz","id":"49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4579-8306","last_name":"Vicoso"}],"year":"2017","citation":{"short":"C. Fraisse, (2017).","chicago":"Fraisse, Christelle. “Supplementary Files for ‘The Deep Conservation of the Lepidoptera Z Chromosome Suggests a Non Canonical Origin of the W.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7163\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7163</a>.","apa":"Fraisse, C. (2017). Supplementary Files for “The deep conservation of the Lepidoptera Z chromosome suggests a non canonical origin of the W.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7163\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7163</a>","mla":"Fraisse, Christelle. <i>Supplementary Files for “The Deep Conservation of the Lepidoptera Z Chromosome Suggests a Non Canonical Origin of the W.”</i> Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7163\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7163</a>.","ista":"Fraisse C. 2017. Supplementary Files for ‘The deep conservation of the Lepidoptera Z chromosome suggests a non canonical origin of the W’, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7163\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7163</a>.","ama":"Fraisse C. Supplementary Files for “The deep conservation of the Lepidoptera Z chromosome suggests a non canonical origin of the W.” 2017. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7163\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7163</a>","ieee":"C. Fraisse, “Supplementary Files for ‘The deep conservation of the Lepidoptera Z chromosome suggests a non canonical origin of the W.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2017."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"7163","ddc":["576"],"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:50Z","status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","month":"12","oa":1,"date_created":"2019-12-09T23:03:03Z","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"614","relation":"research_paper","status":"public"}]},"author":[{"id":"32DF5794-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Christelle","full_name":"Fraisse, Christelle","last_name":"Fraisse","orcid":"0000-0001-8441-5075"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The de novo genome assemblies generated for this study, and the associated metadata."}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"date_published":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","title":"Supplementary Files for \"The deep conservation of the Lepidoptera Z chromosome suggests a non canonical origin of the W\"","project":[{"name":"Sex chromosome evolution under male- and female- heterogamety","_id":"250ED89C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"P28842-B22"}],"doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:7163","date_updated":"2025-09-11T07:33:33Z"},{"oa_version":"Published Version","status":"public","_id":"9842","oa":1,"month":"12","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.17632/nw68fxzjpm.1","open_access":"1"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Mathematica notebooks used to generate figures."}],"author":[{"full_name":"Etheridge, Alison","last_name":"Etheridge","first_name":"Alison"},{"id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Nicholas H","last_name":"Barton","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"564","relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public"}]},"date_created":"2021-08-09T13:18:55Z","date_updated":"2025-04-15T07:11:04Z","title":"Data for: Establishment in a new habitat by polygenic adaptation","doi":"10.17632/nw68fxzjpm.1","date_published":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","type":"research_data_reference","article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"publisher":"Mendeley Data","day":"29","user_id":"6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf","citation":{"chicago":"Etheridge, Alison, and Nicholas H Barton. “Data for: Establishment in a New Habitat by Polygenic Adaptation.” Mendeley Data, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17632/nw68fxzjpm.1\">https://doi.org/10.17632/nw68fxzjpm.1</a>.","apa":"Etheridge, A., &#38; Barton, N. H. (2017). Data for: Establishment in a new habitat by polygenic adaptation. Mendeley Data. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17632/nw68fxzjpm.1\">https://doi.org/10.17632/nw68fxzjpm.1</a>","short":"A. Etheridge, N.H. Barton, (2017).","ama":"Etheridge A, Barton NH. Data for: Establishment in a new habitat by polygenic adaptation. 2017. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17632/nw68fxzjpm.1\">10.17632/nw68fxzjpm.1</a>","ieee":"A. Etheridge and N. H. Barton, “Data for: Establishment in a new habitat by polygenic adaptation.” Mendeley Data, 2017.","mla":"Etheridge, Alison, and Nicholas H. Barton. <i>Data for: Establishment in a New Habitat by Polygenic Adaptation</i>. Mendeley Data, 2017, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17632/nw68fxzjpm.1\">10.17632/nw68fxzjpm.1</a>.","ista":"Etheridge A, Barton NH. 2017. Data for: Establishment in a new habitat by polygenic adaptation, Mendeley Data, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17632/nw68fxzjpm.1\">10.17632/nw68fxzjpm.1</a>."},"year":"2017"},{"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"used_in_publication","id":"696"}]},"date_created":"2021-08-09T14:02:34Z","author":[{"first_name":"Marta","id":"4342E402-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2519-8004","last_name":"Lukacisinova","full_name":"Lukacisinova, Marta"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2519-824X","full_name":"Novak, Sebastian","last_name":"Novak","first_name":"Sebastian","id":"461468AE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Tiago","id":"2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2361-3953","last_name":"Paixao","full_name":"Paixao, Tiago"}],"abstract":[{"text":"This text provides additional information about the model, a derivation of the analytic results in Eq (4), and details about simulations of an additional parameter set.","lang":"eng"}],"date_published":"2017-07-18T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001","title":"Modelling and simulation details","date_updated":"2025-09-10T11:11:52Z","_id":"9849","status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","month":"07","year":"2017","citation":{"apa":"Lukacisinova, M., Novak, S., &#38; Paixao, T. (2017). Modelling and simulation details. Public Library of Science. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001</a>","chicago":"Lukacisinova, Marta, Sebastian Novak, and Tiago Paixao. “Modelling and Simulation Details.” Public Library of Science, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001</a>.","short":"M. Lukacisinova, S. Novak, T. Paixao, (2017).","ama":"Lukacisinova M, Novak S, Paixao T. Modelling and simulation details. 2017. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001\">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001</a>","ieee":"M. Lukacisinova, S. Novak, and T. Paixao, “Modelling and simulation details.” Public Library of Science, 2017.","ista":"Lukacisinova M, Novak S, Paixao T. 2017. Modelling and simulation details, Public Library of Science, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001\">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001</a>.","mla":"Lukacisinova, Marta, et al. <i>Modelling and Simulation Details</i>. Public Library of Science, 2017, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001\">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001</a>."},"user_id":"6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf","department":[{"_id":"ToBo"},{"_id":"NiBa"},{"_id":"CaGu"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","type":"research_data_reference","day":"18","publisher":"Public Library of Science"},{"day":"18","publisher":"Public Library of Science","department":[{"_id":"ToBo"},{"_id":"CaGu"},{"_id":"NiBa"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","type":"research_data_reference","year":"2017","citation":{"ama":"Lukacisinova M, Novak S, Paixao T. Extensions of the model. 2017. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002\">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002</a>","ieee":"M. Lukacisinova, S. Novak, and T. Paixao, “Extensions of the model.” Public Library of Science, 2017.","mla":"Lukacisinova, Marta, et al. <i>Extensions of the Model</i>. Public Library of Science, 2017, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002\">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002</a>.","ista":"Lukacisinova M, Novak S, Paixao T. 2017. Extensions of the model, Public Library of Science, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002\">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002</a>.","chicago":"Lukacisinova, Marta, Sebastian Novak, and Tiago Paixao. “Extensions of the Model.” Public Library of Science, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002</a>.","apa":"Lukacisinova, M., Novak, S., &#38; Paixao, T. (2017). Extensions of the model. Public Library of Science. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002\">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002</a>","short":"M. Lukacisinova, S. Novak, T. Paixao, (2017)."},"user_id":"6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf","month":"07","_id":"9850","status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","date_published":"2017-07-18T00:00:00Z","title":"Extensions of the model","doi":"10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002","date_updated":"2025-09-10T11:11:52Z","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"used_in_publication","id":"696","status":"public"}]},"date_created":"2021-08-09T14:05:24Z","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-2519-8004","full_name":"Lukacisinova, Marta","last_name":"Lukacisinova","first_name":"Marta","id":"4342E402-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2519-824X","last_name":"Novak","full_name":"Novak, Sebastian","first_name":"Sebastian","id":"461468AE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Paixao, Tiago","last_name":"Paixao","orcid":"0000-0003-2361-3953","id":"2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Tiago"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In this text, we discuss how a cost of resistance and the possibility of lethal mutations impact our model."}]}]