[{"article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"NiBa"}],"ddc":["576"],"doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-20991","abstract":[{"text":"Rapid local adaptation to new environments is critical for species persistence, especially in introduced populations. The evolutionary success of these populations is fundamentally dictated by the organization of genetic variation—the genomic architecture—in the face of severe demographic constraints, such as the founder effects and genetic bottlenecks that frequently accompany colonization. A central question in evolutionary biology is whether rapid adaptation relies on major-effect loci, such as chromosomal inversions, or on many small-effect loci dispersed across the genome. Furthermore, the genomic architecture strongly influences the extent to which evolutionary outcomes are predictable. Using introduced populations of the marine snail, Littorina saxatilis, as a model, this thesis investigates how genetic variation and genomic structure drive adaptation following introduction. We employed a population genomics approach on experimentally and accidentally introduced populations to dissect the specific genomic features that underpin divergence in newly colonized environments.\r\n\r\nIn Chapter 2, we tested the predictability of local adaptation through an uncommon 30-year transplant experiment in nature. By distinguishing allele and chromosomal inversion frequency changes from neutral expectations, we found that evolutionary change was highly predictable at the macro-scale (phenotypes and chromosomal inversions), but less robust at the level of individual collinear loci. This result demonstrates that evolution can be predictable when a population possesses sufficient standing genetic variation (SGV), with chromosomal inversions acting as key integrated units that facilitate a rapid response to selection. Building on this, Chapter 3 applied whole-genome sequencing to three accidentally introduced populations (Venice, San Francisco, and Redwood City) to investigate their likely source and genomic patterns of divergence. We identified genomic regions of remarkable divergence potentially associated with local adaptation, and likely fuelled by SGV, while explicitly acknowledging the difficulty in disentangling selection signals from the genome-wide effects of demographic processes. Furthermore, we found that the divergence patterns relied extensively on the collinear genome in these introduced populations, and less clearly on the chromosomal inversions. This observation contrasts with local adaptation observed in the experimental system that relied on both collinear loci and highly selected chromosomal inversions, highlighting how demographic history and genomic architecture influence the detectable signature of local adaptation.\r\n\r\nA major limitation to conducting large-scale comparative evolutionary studies is the lack of data standardization, which prevents the integration of community knowledge and high-resolution environmental and genetic data. Chapter 4 addresses this by developing a community database for the Littorina system. This platform implements standardized protocols for the integration of diverse phenotypic and environmental data from multiple Littorina species. Likewise, the platform also centralizes the availability of associated genomic data through links to external repositories. This database represents a crucial tool to test complex, large-scale evolutionary hypotheses.\r\n\r\nCollectively, this thesis strongly reinforces the fundamental importance of SGV as the raw material for successful local adaptation, a conclusion supported by evidence in both experimental and accidental introductions. Furthermore, this work highlights the critical role of the genomic architecture—specifically chromosomal inversions—in driving the predictability and effectiveness of adaptive responses. Our findings underscore how the interplay between SGV and genomic architecture dictates the trajectory and detectability of evolution in colonizing populations, while simultaneously providing a necessary tool to advance comparative evolutionary genomics in emerging model organisms.","lang":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"I acknowledge the funding agencies 1Norwegian Research Council RCN project 315287.\r\n2The FIASCO project \"Illuminating range shifts through evolutionary FIASCO: contrasting\r\nFaIling And Successful ColOnizations in replicated wild populations\", funded by the\r\nEuropean Union - Next Generation EU (Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza - MUR\r\ncode: P202229JBC, CUP: C53D23007100001). 3Ecotypic formation in Littorina saxatilis\r\nin the Western Atlantic and comparisons across the North Atlantic. University of\r\nGothenburg Research Travel Grant, Tjarno Marine Laboratory, Sweden. $3023 (2018).\r\n4JIN project (Young Researchers, Spanish Ministry of Science, RTI2018-101274-J-I00)","year":"2026","citation":{"mla":"Garcia Castillo, Diego Fernando. The Genomic Architecture of Local Adaptation in Introduced Populations. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:10.15479/AT-ISTA-20991.","short":"D.F. Garcia Castillo, The Genomic Architecture of Local Adaptation in Introduced Populations, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","chicago":"Garcia Castillo, Diego Fernando. “The Genomic Architecture of Local Adaptation in Introduced Populations.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20991.","ama":"Garcia Castillo DF. The genomic architecture of local adaptation in introduced populations. 2026. doi:10.15479/AT-ISTA-20991","ista":"Garcia Castillo DF. 2026. The genomic architecture of local adaptation in introduced populations. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","apa":"Garcia Castillo, D. F. (2026). The genomic architecture of local adaptation in introduced populations. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20991","ieee":"D. F. Garcia Castillo, “The genomic architecture of local adaptation in introduced populations,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026."},"alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"author":[{"first_name":"Diego Fernando","id":"ae681a14-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c6ef18161701","last_name":"Garcia Castillo","full_name":"Garcia Castillo, Diego Fernando"}],"date_updated":"2026-04-16T12:20:37Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"],"isbn":["978-3-99078-077-0"]},"file":[{"relation":"source_file","checksum":"841f1bc073d667125729b2a017f8c37a","date_updated":"2026-01-16T12:25:13Z","access_level":"closed","date_created":"2026-01-16T12:25:13Z","file_size":22456421,"creator":"dgarciac","file_id":"20996","file_name":"2026_Garcia_Diego_Thesis.docx","content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"},{"success":1,"relation":"main_file","file_size":9556719,"creator":"dgarciac","checksum":"a1f33d4f183ce7072eee42a6ccf5340b","date_created":"2026-01-16T12:25:13Z","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2026-01-16T12:25:13Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2026_Garcia_Diego_Thesis.pdf","file_id":"20997"},{"file_name":"2026_DiegoGarcia_LittorinaDB Source Code and Protocols.rar","file_id":"20998","content_type":"application/x-compressed","description":"Source code of the PostgreSQL database, front-end and back-end of the LittorinaDB web application developed as a product of the 4th chapter of the 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Version","corr_author":"1","date_created":"2026-01-16T09:47:59Z","degree_awarded":"PhD","date_published":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","publication_status":"published","supervisor":[{"full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","first_name":"Nicholas H","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton"},{"first_name":"Anja M","id":"3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Westram","orcid":"0000-0003-1050-4969","full_name":"Westram, Anja M"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","page":"199","day":"16","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"18498","relation":"research_data"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"18491","status":"public"}]},"_id":"20991","OA_place":"publisher","has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_sa.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode"},"status":"public","title":"The genomic architecture of local adaptation in introduced populations","type":"dissertation","file_date_updated":"2026-01-16T13:08:59Z","month":"01","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"},{"has_accepted_license":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["41814642"]},"intvolume":" 113","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"status":"public","file_date_updated":"2026-03-23T14:01:44Z","type":"journal_article","title":"Seeds as space-time travelers: How does evolution balance the joint benefits and trade-offs of dormancy and dispersal?","month":"03","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","quality_controlled":"1","date_published":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2026-03-22T23:04:33Z","OA_type":"hybrid","publisher":"Wiley","publication_status":"published","day":"11","_id":"21471","publication":"American Journal of Botany","OA_place":"publisher","author":[{"full_name":"Backlund, Sofia Maria","id":"a19ed178-1337-11ed-9389-c30ab879a82a","last_name":"Backlund","first_name":"Sofia Maria"},{"id":"43161670-5719-11EA-8025-FABC3DDC885E","last_name":"Stankowski","first_name":"Sean","full_name":"Stankowski, Sean"},{"full_name":"Soler Schaller, Rosina Matilde","first_name":"Rosina Matilde","last_name":"Soler Schaller","id":"9e668447-8c32-11ed-b0c7-8dc2d7b80803"}],"date_updated":"2026-03-23T14:47:52Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"pmid":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1537-2197"],"issn":["0002-9122"]},"article_number":"e70175","file":[{"checksum":"6116108a12c4a5cc91fc653d67885309","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2026-03-23T14:01:44Z","file_size":495080,"date_updated":"2026-03-23T14:01:44Z","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"21477","file_name":"2026_AmericanJourBotany_Backlund.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"relation":"main_file"}],"corr_author":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70175","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"No","issue":"3","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"article_type":"letter_note","volume":113,"ddc":["580","570"],"doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70175","acknowledgement":"We thank the Barton group at the Institute of Scienceand Technology Austria for many fruitful conversationsthat triggered the germination of the ideas and questions discussed here. N. H. Barton, P. Surendranadh, A. Pal,Z. Mérai, and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on the manuscript.","year":"2026","scopus_import":"1","citation":{"ieee":"S. M. Backlund, S. Stankowski, and R. M. Soler Schaller, “Seeds as space-time travelers: How does evolution balance the joint benefits and trade-offs of dormancy and dispersal?,” American Journal of Botany, vol. 113, no. 3. Wiley, 2026.","apa":"Backlund, S. M., Stankowski, S., & Soler Schaller, R. M. (2026). Seeds as space-time travelers: How does evolution balance the joint benefits and trade-offs of dormancy and dispersal? American Journal of Botany. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70175","ista":"Backlund SM, Stankowski S, Soler Schaller RM. 2026. Seeds as space-time travelers: How does evolution balance the joint benefits and trade-offs of dormancy and dispersal? American Journal of Botany. 113(3), e70175.","ama":"Backlund SM, Stankowski S, Soler Schaller RM. Seeds as space-time travelers: How does evolution balance the joint benefits and trade-offs of dormancy and dispersal? American Journal of Botany. 2026;113(3). doi:10.1002/ajb2.70175","chicago":"Backlund, Sofia Maria, Sean Stankowski, and Rosina Matilde Soler Schaller. “Seeds as Space-Time Travelers: How Does Evolution Balance the Joint Benefits and Trade-Offs of Dormancy and Dispersal?” American Journal of Botany. Wiley, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70175.","short":"S.M. Backlund, S. Stankowski, R.M. Soler Schaller, American Journal of Botany 113 (2026).","mla":"Backlund, Sofia Maria, et al. “Seeds as Space-Time Travelers: How Does Evolution Balance the Joint Benefits and Trade-Offs of Dormancy and Dispersal?” American Journal of Botany, vol. 113, no. 3, e70175, Wiley, 2026, doi:10.1002/ajb2.70175."}},{"article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","issue":"4","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"article_type":"original","volume":232,"ddc":["570"],"doi":"10.1093/genetics/iyag024","scopus_import":"1","year":"2026","acknowledgement":"We thank a variety of further colleagues for the many inspiring discussions on the nature of heredity, especially the workshops in Berlin. Special thanks also to the Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Studies (STIAS) to provide DT the leisure and freedom to write up the first version of this perspective. Thanks also to three reviewers who have helped to improve the manuscript. Two dedicated symposia on the topic were funded by the Max-Planck Society.","abstract":[{"text":"The long-standing notion that genotypes map to phenotypes through simple one gene–one trait relationships continues to shape both research in the life sciences and public understanding, with implications for policy and funding priorities. Yet this paradigm is increasingly recognized as inadequate for explaining continuous phenotypic variation and the complex genetic architectures of the genotype–phenotype map. Modern genetics emerged from the early 20th-century synthesis of Mendelian and biometric schools of heredity, with R.A. Fisher demonstrating early on how multiple discrete loci could collectively produce continuous variation. Despite this fundamental insight, Mendelism—with its focus on single genes and standardized genetic backgrounds—became the dominant framework, shaping current genetics research and molecular biology as well as science education. The advent of large-scale genomic data has revealed yet again the limitations of this reductionist approach. Evidence from quantitative genetics now shows that most phenotypes arise from complex networks of many interdependent genes and their dynamic responses to environmental perturbations. Here we trace the historical roots of how Mendelian classical genetics departed from the biometric school to create the current predominant paradigm in genetics, despite fundamentally unresolved issues. Moving on from this one-sided paradigm will require systematic development of integrative, evolutionarily grounded experimental approaches that better capture the multigenic and context-dependent nature of inheritance. Achieving such an extended perspective will require methodological innovation, including advances in large-scale (e.g. automated) phenotyping. Dedicated research programs will be necessary to advance a new era of genetic research into the complex mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"chicago":"Tautz, Diethard, Luisa F Pallares, Leif Andersson, Neda Barghi, Nicholas H Barton, Rachael Bay, Yingguang Frank Chan, et al. “Beyond Mendel: A Call to Revisit the Genotype–Phenotype Map through New Experimental Paradigms.” Genetics. Oxford University Press, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyag024.","mla":"Tautz, Diethard, et al. “Beyond Mendel: A Call to Revisit the Genotype–Phenotype Map through New Experimental Paradigms.” Genetics, vol. 232, no. 4, iyag024, Oxford University Press, 2026, doi:10.1093/genetics/iyag024.","short":"D. Tautz, L.F. Pallares, L. Andersson, N. Barghi, N.H. Barton, R. Bay, Y.F. Chan, A. Hancock, T.S. Kaiser, D. Koenig, Z. Kontarakis, M. Liedvogel, J. de Meaux, M. Nordborg, A.A. Palmer, M. Purugganan, C. Schlötterer, K. Schmid, D.Y.R. Stainier, D. Weigel, J.B.W. Wolf, D. Ebert, G. Gibson, Genetics 232 (2026).","ieee":"D. Tautz et al., “Beyond Mendel: A call to revisit the genotype–phenotype map through new experimental paradigms,” Genetics, vol. 232, no. 4. Oxford University Press, 2026.","ama":"Tautz D, Pallares LF, Andersson L, et al. Beyond Mendel: A call to revisit the genotype–phenotype map through new experimental paradigms. Genetics. 2026;232(4). doi:10.1093/genetics/iyag024","ista":"Tautz D, Pallares LF, Andersson L, Barghi N, Barton NH, Bay R, Chan YF, Hancock A, Kaiser TS, Koenig D, Kontarakis Z, Liedvogel M, de Meaux J, Nordborg M, Palmer AA, Purugganan M, Schlötterer C, Schmid K, Stainier DYR, Weigel D, Wolf JBW, Ebert D, Gibson G. 2026. Beyond Mendel: A call to revisit the genotype–phenotype map through new experimental paradigms. Genetics. 232(4), iyag024.","apa":"Tautz, D., Pallares, L. F., Andersson, L., Barghi, N., Barton, N. H., Bay, R., … Gibson, G. (2026). Beyond Mendel: A call to revisit the genotype–phenotype map through new experimental paradigms. Genetics. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyag024"},"author":[{"first_name":"Diethard","last_name":"Tautz","full_name":"Tautz, Diethard"},{"full_name":"Pallares, Luisa F","last_name":"Pallares","first_name":"Luisa F"},{"full_name":"Andersson, Leif","last_name":"Andersson","first_name":"Leif"},{"first_name":"Neda","last_name":"Barghi","full_name":"Barghi, Neda"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","first_name":"Nicholas H","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton"},{"full_name":"Bay, Rachael","first_name":"Rachael","last_name":"Bay"},{"first_name":"Yingguang Frank","last_name":"Chan","full_name":"Chan, Yingguang Frank"},{"full_name":"Hancock, Angela","last_name":"Hancock","first_name":"Angela"},{"last_name":"Kaiser","first_name":"Tobias S","full_name":"Kaiser, Tobias S"},{"full_name":"Koenig, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Koenig"},{"full_name":"Kontarakis, Zacharias","last_name":"Kontarakis","first_name":"Zacharias"},{"first_name":"Miriam","last_name":"Liedvogel","full_name":"Liedvogel, Miriam"},{"full_name":"de Meaux, Juliette","first_name":"Juliette","last_name":"de Meaux"},{"full_name":"Nordborg, Magnus","first_name":"Magnus","last_name":"Nordborg"},{"full_name":"Palmer, Abraham A","first_name":"Abraham A","last_name":"Palmer"},{"full_name":"Purugganan, Michael","first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Purugganan"},{"full_name":"Schlötterer, Christian","last_name":"Schlötterer","first_name":"Christian"},{"first_name":"Karl","last_name":"Schmid","full_name":"Schmid, Karl"},{"full_name":"Stainier, Didier Y R","first_name":"Didier Y R","last_name":"Stainier"},{"last_name":"Weigel","first_name":"Detlef","full_name":"Weigel, Detlef"},{"full_name":"Wolf, Jochen B W","first_name":"Jochen B W","last_name":"Wolf"},{"last_name":"Ebert","first_name":"Dieter","full_name":"Ebert, Dieter"},{"last_name":"Gibson","first_name":"Greg","full_name":"Gibson, Greg"}],"date_updated":"2026-05-18T07:51:26Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"PlanS_conform":"1","pmid":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1943-2631"]},"article_number":"iyag024","file":[{"relation":"main_file","success":1,"file_id":"21890","file_name":"2026_Genetics_Tautz.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","file_size":542844,"date_updated":"2026-05-18T07:48:45Z","checksum":"5a862c539f9dec4511277ad8927c549c","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2026-05-18T07:48:45Z"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyag024","date_created":"2026-05-07T08:53:40Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_published":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","OA_type":"hybrid","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Oxford University Press","day":"01","keyword":["classic genetics","quantitative genetics","genotype–phenotype map"],"publication":"Genetics","_id":"21841","OA_place":"publisher","has_accepted_license":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["41701356"]},"intvolume":" 232","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"status":"public","title":"Beyond Mendel: A call to revisit the genotype–phenotype map through new experimental paradigms","file_date_updated":"2026-05-18T07:48:45Z","type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","month":"04"},{"has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"title":"How epistasis and purifying selection shape genetic diversity","type":"dissertation","file_date_updated":"2026-06-11T12:14:53Z","status":"public","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","month":"06","degree_awarded":"PhD","date_created":"2026-05-27T06:26:08Z","date_published":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","supervisor":[{"last_name":"Barton","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Nicholas H","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240"},{"first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Maas","id":"4C5696CE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-0845-1338","full_name":"Maas, Jan"}],"publication_status":"published","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","day":"07","page":"89","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"11447","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"id":"12513","status":"deleted","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"status":"public","id":"21967","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"id":"21968","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"}]},"OA_place":"publisher","_id":"21918","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Kseniia","last_name":"Khudiakova","id":"4E6DC800-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425","orcid":"0000-0002-6246-1465","full_name":"Khudiakova, Kseniia"}],"date_updated":"2026-06-12T12:43:35Z","ec_funded":1,"file":[{"file_name":"thesis.zip","file_id":"21965","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","date_created":"2026-06-09T08:34:38Z","file_size":20549813,"checksum":"0cff64ae74f0f9f2d7011700c82f700a","date_updated":"2026-06-09T08:40:48Z","access_level":"closed","creator":"kkhudiak","relation":"source_file"},{"access_level":"closed","creator":"kkhudiak","checksum":"547ae42de37cc86894af283f1664dbc8","date_created":"2026-06-09T12:28:51Z","date_updated":"2026-06-11T12:14:53Z","file_size":9387029,"file_id":"21969","file_name":"2026_Khudiakova_Ksenia_Thesis.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","embargo":"2027-06-10","embargo_to":"open_access","relation":"main_file"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21918","corr_author":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"No","project":[{"name":"Optimal Transport and Stochastic Dynamics","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"256E75B8-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"716117"},{"grant_number":"26293","_id":"34d33d68-11ca-11ed-8bc3-ec13763c0ca8","name":"The impact of deleterious mutations on small populations"},{"grant_number":"F6504","_id":"fc31cba2-9c52-11eb-aca3-ff467d239cd2","name":"Taming Complexity in Partial Differential Systems"}],"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"NiBa"},{"_id":"JaMa"}],"acknowledgement":"At different stages of my PhD, my work was supported by several grants: the\r\nDOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (26293, awarded to me),\r\nthe FWF-SFB grant (PT1032F06504 n. F65, awarded to Jan Maas), and the ERC\r\ngrant (PR1032ERC01 n. 716117, awarded to Jan Maas). I also appreciate the help\r\nfrom the Scientific Computing unit for their advice on the cluster usage.","year":"2026","doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-21918","ddc":["576"],"citation":{"chicago":"Khudiakova, Kseniia. “How Epistasis and Purifying Selection Shape Genetic Diversity.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21918.","short":"K. Khudiakova, How Epistasis and Purifying Selection Shape Genetic Diversity, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","mla":"Khudiakova, Kseniia. How Epistasis and Purifying Selection Shape Genetic Diversity. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:10.15479/AT-ISTA-21918.","ieee":"K. Khudiakova, “How epistasis and purifying selection shape genetic diversity,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","apa":"Khudiakova, K. (2026). How epistasis and purifying selection shape genetic diversity. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-21918","ama":"Khudiakova K. How epistasis and purifying selection shape genetic diversity. 2026. doi:10.15479/AT-ISTA-21918","ista":"Khudiakova K. 2026. How epistasis and purifying selection shape genetic diversity. Institute of Science and Technology Austria."},"alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"]},{"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by_nc.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"},"status":"public","type":"preprint","title":"Sign epistasis extends the effects of balancing selection on genetic diversity","month":"04","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","date_published":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2026-06-09T12:26:11Z","OA_type":"green","publication_status":"draft","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"21918","status":"public"}]},"day":"23","_id":"21968","publication":"bioRxiv","OA_place":"repository","author":[{"first_name":"Kseniia","id":"4E6DC800-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425","last_name":"Khudiakova","full_name":"Khudiakova, Kseniia","orcid":"0000-0002-6246-1465"},{"id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton","first_name":"Nicholas H","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240"},{"full_name":"Arnqvist, Goran","first_name":"Goran","last_name":"Arnqvist"}],"date_updated":"2026-06-12T12:43:34Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.09.647826","corr_author":"1","oa_version":"Preprint","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.09.647826","open_access":"1"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"},{"_id":"JaMa"}],"project":[{"_id":"34d33d68-11ca-11ed-8bc3-ec13763c0ca8","grant_number":"26293","name":"The impact of deleterious mutations on small populations"}],"doi":"10.1101/2025.04.09.647826","year":"2026","abstract":[{"text":"Balancing selection, a form of selection that maintains genetic diversity, is difficult to detect, and the importance of balancing selection for the maintenance of genetic variation may be larger than often assumed. We model the possibility that the diversity-promoting effects of balancing selection extend to other loci that show sign epistasis with a locus under balancing selection. Rather than focusing on overdominance, as was done in previous efforts, we explore the effects of negative frequency dependence and show that this has important effects on the conditions under which the diversity-promoting effect of epistasis can occur in diploids. Our results show that not only recombination rate but also the dominance of sign epistasis are key parameters that determine the maintenance of polymorphism beyond the locus under direct balancing selection. We suggest that the effect we explore may play a significant role, especially when balancing selection acts on major effect loci.","lang":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"This work was funded by grants from the Swedish Research Council (2023-03730 to G.A.) and the DOC fellowship from the Austrian Academy of Science (26293 to K.K.).","citation":{"chicago":"Khudiakova, Kseniia, Nicholas H Barton, and Goran Arnqvist. “Sign Epistasis Extends the Effects of Balancing Selection on Genetic Diversity.” BioRxiv, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.09.647826.","mla":"Khudiakova, Kseniia, et al. “Sign Epistasis Extends the Effects of Balancing Selection on Genetic Diversity.” BioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2025.04.09.647826.","short":"K. Khudiakova, N.H. Barton, G. Arnqvist, BioRxiv (n.d.).","ieee":"K. Khudiakova, N. H. Barton, and G. Arnqvist, “Sign epistasis extends the effects of balancing selection on genetic diversity,” bioRxiv. .","ama":"Khudiakova K, Barton NH, Arnqvist G. Sign epistasis extends the effects of balancing selection on genetic diversity. bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/2025.04.09.647826","ista":"Khudiakova K, Barton NH, Arnqvist G. Sign epistasis extends the effects of balancing selection on genetic diversity. bioRxiv, 10.1101/2025.04.09.647826.","apa":"Khudiakova, K., Barton, N. H., & Arnqvist, G. (n.d.). Sign epistasis extends the effects of balancing selection on genetic diversity. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.09.647826"}},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"supplementarymaterial":"yes","date_updated":"2026-07-27T11:01:30Z","author":[{"last_name":"Rodríguez","first_name":"Paula","full_name":"Rodríguez, Paula"},{"full_name":"Cruz Alonso, Verónica","first_name":"Verónica","last_name":"Cruz Alonso"},{"full_name":"Romano, Silvina","first_name":"Silvina","last_name":"Romano"},{"full_name":"Bustamante, Gimena","last_name":"Bustamante","first_name":"Gimena"},{"id":"9e668447-8c32-11ed-b0c7-8dc2d7b80803","last_name":"Soler Schaller","first_name":"Rosina Matilde","full_name":"Soler Schaller, Rosina Matilde"}],"oa_version":"None","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2026.110219","researchdata_availability":"no","article_number":"110219","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0167-8809"]},"volume":400,"article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","citation":{"chicago":"Rodríguez, Paula, Verónica Cruz Alonso, Silvina Romano, Gimena Bustamante, and Rosina Matilde Soler Schaller. “Context-Dependent Effects of Livestock Grazing on Forest Attributes and Ecosystem Multifunctionality in Nothofagus Forests.” Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. Elsevier, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2026.110219.","short":"P. Rodríguez, V. Cruz Alonso, S. Romano, G. Bustamante, R.M. Soler Schaller, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 400 (2026).","mla":"Rodríguez, Paula, et al. “Context-Dependent Effects of Livestock Grazing on Forest Attributes and Ecosystem Multifunctionality in Nothofagus Forests.” Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, vol. 400, 110219, Elsevier, 2026, doi:10.1016/j.agee.2026.110219.","ieee":"P. Rodríguez, V. Cruz Alonso, S. Romano, G. Bustamante, and R. M. Soler Schaller, “Context-dependent effects of livestock grazing on forest attributes and ecosystem multifunctionality in Nothofagus forests,” Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, vol. 400. Elsevier, 2026.","apa":"Rodríguez, P., Cruz Alonso, V., Romano, S., Bustamante, G., & Soler Schaller, R. M. (2026). Context-dependent effects of livestock grazing on forest attributes and ecosystem multifunctionality in Nothofagus forests. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2026.110219","ista":"Rodríguez P, Cruz Alonso V, Romano S, Bustamante G, Soler Schaller RM. 2026. Context-dependent effects of livestock grazing on forest attributes and ecosystem multifunctionality in Nothofagus forests. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 400, 110219.","ama":"Rodríguez P, Cruz Alonso V, Romano S, Bustamante G, Soler Schaller RM. Context-dependent effects of livestock grazing on forest attributes and ecosystem multifunctionality in Nothofagus forests. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2026;400. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2026.110219"},"abstract":[{"text":"Forests under livestock grazing sustain important ecosystem services but face potential trade-offs between production and ecological integrity. While the effects of grazing on individual forest attributes are well documented, their integrated consequences remain poorly understood, particularly in temperate forest ecosystems. We evaluated the combined influence of livestock grazing intensity and canopy cover on individual attributes and ecosystem multifunctionality in native Nothofagus forests of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Across eight ranches spanning two agroecological regions (Ecotone and Mountain Range), we quantified forest regeneration, understorey richness and biomass, and soil properties, integrating them into a multifunctionality index. Using generalized linear mixed models, we found strong context-dependence: in the Mountain Range, higher grazing intensity reduced seedling and sapling density, organic matter content, coarse woody debris, and overall multifunctionality. In the Ecotone, these effects of livestock use intensity were attenuated, and canopy cover diminished sapling density and multifunctionality, but moderate cover enhanced understorey. Our results extend multifunctionality research from grazed grasslands to grazed temperate forests and show that ecological responses and trade-offs vary across landscape units. We conclude that the Mountain Range is more vulnerable to grazing, requiring stricter management, whereas the Ecotone retains greater capacity to sustain multifunctionality under controlled livestock use intensity. These findings underscore the importance of region-specific silvopastoral strategies that reconcile food production with forest conservation in southern Patagonia and comparable temperate forest landscapes worldwide.","lang":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"We would like to thank Guillermo Ortiz (CADIC-CONICET) for his invaluable support in the field and lab work. We are extremely grateful to the ranchers for kindly allowing us access to their fields. Funding for this work was provided by the Argentine National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and the National Agency for Scientific Promotion through project PICT 2019–675. PR was also granted the Mobility Scholarship Program 2025 between Andalusian and Ibero-American Universities (AUIP). VCA is co-supported by the Community of Madrid under the 2024 call for the ‘César Nombela’ research talent attraction programme (2024-T1/ECO-31335).","year":"2026","scopus_import":"1","dataavailabilitystatement":"The authors do not have permission to share data.","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110219","intvolume":" 400","quality_controlled":"1","month":"04","das_tickbox":"1","type":"journal_article","title":"Context-dependent effects of livestock grazing on forest attributes and ecosystem multifunctionality in Nothofagus forests","status":"public","publisher":"Elsevier","publication_status":"published","OA_type":"closed access","date_published":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2026-01-25T23:01:38Z","_id":"21036","publication":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","day":"15"},{"citation":{"short":"D. Bradley, L. Boell, D. Richardson, L. Copsey, A. Whibley, T. Xu, Y. Zhang, Y. Xue, D. Field, E. Coen, Science Advances 12 (2026) 1–11.","mla":"Bradley, Desmond, et al. “Shaping of Developmental Gradients through Selection on Multiple Loci in Antirrhinum.” Science Advances, vol. 12, no. 29, AAAS, 2026, pp. 1–11, doi:10.1126/sciadv.adx2011.","chicago":"Bradley, Desmond, Louis Boell, Daniel Richardson, Lucy Copsey, Annabel Whibley, Ting Xu, Yu’E Zhang, Yongbiao Xue, David Field, and Enrico Coen. “Shaping of Developmental Gradients through Selection on Multiple Loci in Antirrhinum.” Science Advances. AAAS, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adx2011.","apa":"Bradley, D., Boell, L., Richardson, D., Copsey, L., Whibley, A., Xu, T., … Coen, E. (2026). Shaping of developmental gradients through selection on multiple loci in Antirrhinum. Science Advances. AAAS. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adx2011","ista":"Bradley D, Boell L, Richardson D, Copsey L, Whibley A, Xu T, Zhang Y, Xue Y, Field D, Coen E. 2026. Shaping of developmental gradients through selection on multiple loci in Antirrhinum. Science Advances. 12(29), 1–11.","ama":"Bradley D, Boell L, Richardson D, et al. Shaping of developmental gradients through selection on multiple loci in Antirrhinum. Science Advances. 2026;12(29):1-11. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adx2011","ieee":"D. Bradley et al., “Shaping of developmental gradients through selection on multiple loci in Antirrhinum,” Science Advances, vol. 12, no. 29. AAAS, pp. 1–11, 2026."},"dataavailabilitystatement":"All data and code needed to evaluate and reproduce the results in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. All materials generated in this study are described in Materials and Methods and are available on request from E.C. (enrico.coen@jic.ac.uk).","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adx2011","ddc":["570"],"year":"2026","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Development depends on precise shaping of molecular gradients, but how natural selection acts to establish precision is unknown. Here, we analyze genes that control differences in the gradient of yellow flower color between two varieties of snapdragon (Antirrhinum). We show that these differences depend, in part, on cis-regulatory variation in the pigment biosynthetic gene, FLAVIA (FLA). FLA interacts multiplicatively with three other loci, one of which is a trans-acting regulator of FLA, to further shape the yellow gradient. All the loci exhibit clines at a hybrid zone, with widths that correlate with phenotypic effect, showing how selection can hone gradient shape with remarkable precision by acting on cis and trans variation at multiple loci."}],"acknowledgement":"We thank C. Taylor for plant care, N. Barton for sharing SNP data and useful comments, H. Tavares for useful discussions and bioinformatics, M. Couchman for field and data archiving, T. Li for help with photography and phenotyping, J. Chan for help with ImageJ analyses, and X. Rebocho for organization of field experiments. This work was supported by Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council grants BB/S009256/1 (to E.C.), BB/G009325/1 (to E.C.), BBS/E/JI/230002C (to E.C.), and BBS/E/J/000PR9773 (to E.C.); Biotechnology Biological Sciences Research Council Norwich Research Park Biosciences Doctoral Training Partnership grant BB/M011216/1 (to D.R.); and Natural Science Foundation of China grant 32030007 (to Y.X.)","scopus_import":"1","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"volume":12,"article_type":"original","article_processing_charge":"Yes","issue":"29","oa_version":"Published Version","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adx2011","researchdata_availability":"no","corr_author":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2375-2548"]},"file":[{"success":1,"relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","checksum":"f9155dc2d9273e43c0caf78dffa96864","file_size":916329,"access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2026-08-03T09:44:40Z","date_created":"2026-08-03T09:44:40Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2026_ScienceAdv_Bradley.pdf","file_id":"22635"}],"oa":1,"PlanS_conform":"1","pmid":1,"supplementarymaterial":"yes","author":[{"full_name":"Bradley, Desmond","last_name":"Bradley","first_name":"Desmond"},{"first_name":"Louis","last_name":"Boell","full_name":"Boell, Louis"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Richardson","full_name":"Richardson, Daniel"},{"last_name":"Copsey","first_name":"Lucy","full_name":"Copsey, Lucy"},{"full_name":"Whibley, Annabel","last_name":"Whibley","first_name":"Annabel"},{"full_name":"Xu, Ting","first_name":"Ting","last_name":"Xu"},{"first_name":"Yu’E","last_name":"Zhang","full_name":"Zhang, Yu’E"},{"last_name":"Xue","first_name":"Yongbiao","full_name":"Xue, Yongbiao"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4014-8478","full_name":"Field, David","last_name":"Field","id":"419049E2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"David"},{"full_name":"Coen, Enrico","last_name":"Coen","first_name":"Enrico"}],"date_updated":"2026-08-03T09:52:37Z","DOAJ_listed":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"22620","publication":"Science Advances","OA_place":"publisher","page":"1-11","day":"17","publisher":"AAAS","publication_status":"published","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_published":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2026-08-02T22:01:53Z","OA_type":"gold","quality_controlled":"1","month":"07","status":"public","das_tickbox":"1","type":"journal_article","file_date_updated":"2026-08-03T09:44:40Z","title":"Shaping of developmental gradients through selection on multiple loci in Antirrhinum","intvolume":" 12","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"has_accepted_license":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["42467783"]}},{"article_processing_charge":"Yes","issue":"7","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"article_type":"original","project":[{"grant_number":"101055327","_id":"bd6958e0-d553-11ed-ba76-86eba6a76c00","name":"Understanding the evolution of continuous genomes"}],"volume":22,"ddc":["570"],"dataavailabilitystatement":"The raw DNA poolSeq data and RNA data have been uploaded to SRA under accession number PRJNA1232105. The A. m. m. var. pseudo majus assembly and GFF annotations have been uploaded to NCBI WGS under accession number PRJNA1232105. The A. majus reference genome V3.0 is available at the NGDC Genome Warehouse under accession number GWHBJVT00000000. The SNP KASP data and flower colour phenotyping is available on Dryad at DOI: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3bk3j9kx2. The FastClines script is available at https://github.com/dfield007/fastClines, slidingWindow genome scans at https://github.com/dfield007/slidingWindows, and all other scripts for analyses and generating figures available at https://github.com/dfield007/genome_wide_clines].","doi":"10.1371/journal.pgen.1012173","scopus_import":"1","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (https://www.ukri.org/councils/bbsrc/) (grants BB/S009256/1, BB/G009325/1, BBS/E/JI/230002C, and BBS/E/J/000PR9773 to EC, and Norwich Research Park Biosciences Doctoral Training Partnership grant (https://www.jic.ac.uk/training-careers/postgraduate-opportunities/nrp-doctoral-training-partnership/) (BB/M011216/1 to DR) and European Research Council (https://erc.europa.eu/homepage) ERC Advanced Grant HaplotypeStructure (101055327 to NB). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. We are grateful to Monique Burrus, Christophe Andalo, Tom Ellis, Parvathy Surendranadh and members of the Barton group for interesting discussion. We are also grateful for numerous undergraduate volunteers who assisted with collecting of flowers and leaf samples in the field. Melinda Pickup passed away before the submission of the final version of this manuscript. David L Field accepts responsibility for the integrity and validity of the data collected and analyzed.","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Identification of the genomic regions that contribute to reproductive isolation and how\r\nthey interact is a major goal of evolutionary genetics. Much effort has focused on\r\nlocating candidate genes and potential barrier loci by scanning genomes for regions\r\nof excess differentiation (FST). An alternative, and perhaps more robust approach, is\r\nto scan for genomic regions exhibiting steep clines in allele frequency across a hybrid\r\nzone. We develop a computationally efficient method for approximating cline parameters\r\nfor large number of loci, and apply it to genomic data from across a hybrid zone\r\nbetween flower colour varieties of Antirrhinum majus (A. m. m var. pseudomajus and\r\nA. m. m var. striatum). Most steep clines are clustered in seven genomic regions,\r\nonly four of which were present from FST scans between all pair-wise comparisons.\r\nSix of these regions carry previously identified loci that influence flower colour in the\r\nhybrid zone. The seventh region harbours a novel locus, RUBIA, modifying magenta\r\nintensity. Clines at RUBIA approached fixation on the magenta side of the hybrid\r\nzone, whilst remaining polymorphic on the yellow side. This polymorphism on the\r\nyellow side may reflect a smaller phenotypic effect of RUBIA in yellow compared\r\nto magenta genetic backgrounds. Our findings illustrate how whole-genome cline\r\nscans in hybrid zones can robustly detect genomic regions contributing to phenotypic\r\ndifferences and highlight how different reproductive barrier loci interact across the\r\ngenome."}],"year":"2026","citation":{"short":"D. Field, S. Stankowski, T. Reiter, J. Polechova, D. Bradley, D.M. Richardson, A. Whibley, A. Pal, D. Shipilina, L. Boell, M. Pickup, Y. Xue, E. Coen, N.H. Barton, PLOS Genetics 22 (2026).","mla":"Field, David, et al. “Genome-Wide Cline Analysis Identifies New Locus Contributing to a Barrier to Gene Flow across an Antirrhinum Hybrid Zone.” PLOS Genetics, vol. 22, no. 7, e1012173, Public Library of Science, 2026, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1012173.","chicago":"Field, David, Sean Stankowski, Taylor Reiter, Jitka Polechova, Desmond Bradley, Daniel M. Richardson, Annabel Whibley, et al. “Genome-Wide Cline Analysis Identifies New Locus Contributing to a Barrier to Gene Flow across an Antirrhinum Hybrid Zone.” PLOS Genetics. Public Library of Science, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1012173.","apa":"Field, D., Stankowski, S., Reiter, T., Polechova, J., Bradley, D., Richardson, D. M., … Barton, N. H. (2026). Genome-wide cline analysis identifies new locus contributing to a barrier to gene flow across an Antirrhinum hybrid zone. PLOS Genetics. Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1012173","ama":"Field D, Stankowski S, Reiter T, et al. Genome-wide cline analysis identifies new locus contributing to a barrier to gene flow across an Antirrhinum hybrid zone. PLOS Genetics. 2026;22(7). doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1012173","ista":"Field D, Stankowski S, Reiter T, Polechova J, Bradley D, Richardson DM, Whibley A, Pal A, Shipilina D, Boell L, Pickup M, Xue Y, Coen E, Barton NH. 2026. Genome-wide cline analysis identifies new locus contributing to a barrier to gene flow across an Antirrhinum hybrid zone. PLOS Genetics. 22(7), e1012173.","ieee":"D. Field et al., “Genome-wide cline analysis identifies new locus contributing to a barrier to gene flow across an Antirrhinum hybrid zone,” PLOS Genetics, vol. 22, no. 7. Public Library of Science, 2026."},"author":[{"first_name":"David","last_name":"Field","id":"419049E2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4014-8478","full_name":"Field, David"},{"full_name":"Stankowski, Sean","first_name":"Sean","id":"43161670-5719-11EA-8025-FABC3DDC885E","last_name":"Stankowski"},{"full_name":"Reiter, Taylor","first_name":"Taylor","last_name":"Reiter"},{"last_name":"Polechova","first_name":"Jitka","full_name":"Polechova, Jitka"},{"full_name":"Bradley, Desmond","first_name":"Desmond","last_name":"Bradley"},{"full_name":"Richardson, Daniel M.","first_name":"Daniel M.","last_name":"Richardson"},{"last_name":"Whibley","first_name":"Annabel","full_name":"Whibley, Annabel"},{"full_name":"Pal, Arka","orcid":"0000-0002-4530-8469","id":"6AAB2240-CA9A-11E9-9C1A-D9D1E5697425","last_name":"Pal","first_name":"Arka"},{"first_name":"Daria","last_name":"Shipilina","id":"428A94B0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Shipilina, Daria","orcid":"0000-0002-1145-9226"},{"full_name":"Boell, Louis","last_name":"Boell","first_name":"Louis"},{"last_name":"Pickup","id":"2C78037E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Melinda","orcid":"0000-0001-6118-0541","full_name":"Pickup, Melinda"},{"last_name":"Xue","first_name":"Yongbiao","full_name":"Xue, Yongbiao"},{"last_name":"Coen","first_name":"Enrico","full_name":"Coen, Enrico"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","first_name":"Nicholas H","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton"}],"date_updated":"2026-08-11T07:55:22Z","supplementarymaterial":"yes","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"DOAJ_listed":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","oa":1,"pmid":1,"article_number":"e1012173","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1553-7404"]},"file":[{"relation":"main_file","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"22683","file_name":"2026_PloSGenetics_Field.pdf","date_created":"2026-08-11T07:53:14Z","access_level":"open_access","file_size":2462781,"date_updated":"2026-08-11T07:53:14Z","checksum":"3e2d3acc179f4672c49217ae4a6e237c","creator":"dernst"}],"corr_author":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1012173","researchdata_availability":"yes","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2026-08-11T06:19:05Z","date_published":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","OA_type":"gold","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Public Library of Science","day":"13","publication":"PLOS Genetics","_id":"22674","OA_place":"publisher","external_id":{"biorxivid":["10.1101/2025.02.17.638607"],"pmid":["42441626"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","intvolume":" 22","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"status":"public","biorxivid":1,"title":"Genome-wide cline analysis identifies new locus contributing to a barrier to gene flow across an Antirrhinum hybrid zone","file_date_updated":"2026-08-11T07:53:14Z","das_tickbox":"1","type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","month":"07"},{"article_number":"102472","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1879-0380"],"issn":["0959-437X"]},"file":[{"relation":"main_file","success":1,"file_name":"2026_CurrentOpinionGeneticsDev_Mascolo.pdf","file_id":"22590","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2026-07-27T13:39:59Z","creator":"dernst","checksum":"ac8bbee61717bfe7116e312cc6825259","file_size":3190001,"date_created":"2026-07-27T13:39:59Z"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2026.102472","researchdata_availability":"no","corr_author":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","author":[{"first_name":"Elia","id":"776a6ed0-a053-11f0-8635-80b95e0e0d53","last_name":"Mascolo","full_name":"Mascolo, Elia","orcid":"0000-0003-2977-7844"},{"full_name":"Körei, Reka E","first_name":"Reka E","id":"50FDE43E-AA30-11E9-A72B-8A12E6697425","last_name":"Körei"},{"full_name":"Borst, Noa O.","first_name":"Noa O.","last_name":"Borst"},{"first_name":"Nicholas H","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H"},{"last_name":"Crocker","first_name":"Justin","full_name":"Crocker, Justin"},{"full_name":"Tkačik, Gašper","orcid":"0000-0002-6699-1455","first_name":"Gašper","last_name":"Tkačik","id":"3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"date_updated":"2026-08-12T09:56:02Z","supplementarymaterial":"no","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"PlanS_conform":"1","doi":"10.1016/j.gde.2026.102472","ddc":["570"],"dataavailabilitystatement":"No data were used for the research described in the article.","scopus_import":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Promoters and enhancers are cis-regulatory elements (CREs), DNA sequences that bind transcription factor (TF) proteins to up- or down-regulate target genes. Decades-long efforts yielded TF-DNA interaction models that predict how strongly an individual TF binds arbitrary DNA sequences and how individual binding events on the CRE combine to affect gene expression. These insights can be synthesized into a global, biophysically realistic, and quantitative genotype-phenotype (GP) map for gene regulation, a ‘holy grail’ for the application of evolutionary theory. A global map provides a rare opportunity to simulate the long-term evolution of regulatory sequences and pose several fundamental questions: How long does it take to evolve CREs de novo? How many non-trivial regulatory functions exist in sequence space? How connected are they? For which regulatory architecture is CRE evolution most rapid and evolvable? In this article, the second of a two-part series, we review the application of evolutionary concepts — epistasis, robustness, evolvability, tunability, plasticity, and bet-hedging — to the evolution of gene regulatory sequences. We then evaluate the potential for a unifying theory for the evolution of regulatory sequences and identify key open challenges."}],"acknowledgement":"We thank Calin Guet and Santiago Herrera-Álvarez for essential contributions to this manuscript.\r\nE.M. acknowledges support from the APART-USA fellowship, jointly funded by the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) and the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA). N.B. acknowledges funding from the ERC Advanced Grant 101055327 “HaplotypeStructure”.\r\nThis study was also supported by the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (N.O.B., J.C.).","year":"2026","citation":{"ama":"Mascolo E, Körei RE, Borst NO, Barton NH, Crocker J, Tkačik G. Long-term evolution of regulatory DNA sequences. Part 2: Theory and future challenges. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 2026;98. doi:10.1016/j.gde.2026.102472","ista":"Mascolo E, Körei RE, Borst NO, Barton NH, Crocker J, Tkačik G. 2026. Long-term evolution of regulatory DNA sequences. Part 2: Theory and future challenges. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 98, 102472.","apa":"Mascolo, E., Körei, R. E., Borst, N. O., Barton, N. H., Crocker, J., & Tkačik, G. (2026). Long-term evolution of regulatory DNA sequences. Part 2: Theory and future challenges. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2026.102472","ieee":"E. Mascolo, R. E. Körei, N. O. Borst, N. H. Barton, J. Crocker, and G. Tkačik, “Long-term evolution of regulatory DNA sequences. Part 2: Theory and future challenges,” Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, vol. 98. Elsevier, 2026.","mla":"Mascolo, Elia, et al. “Long-Term Evolution of Regulatory DNA Sequences. Part 2: Theory and Future Challenges.” Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, vol. 98, 102472, Elsevier, 2026, doi:10.1016/j.gde.2026.102472.","short":"E. Mascolo, R.E. Körei, N.O. Borst, N.H. Barton, J. Crocker, G. Tkačik, Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 98 (2026).","chicago":"Mascolo, Elia, Reka E Körei, Noa O. Borst, Nicholas H Barton, Justin Crocker, and Gašper Tkačik. “Long-Term Evolution of Regulatory DNA Sequences. Part 2: Theory and Future Challenges.” Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. Elsevier, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2026.102472."},"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","department":[{"_id":"GaTk"},{"_id":"NiBa"}],"volume":98,"article_type":"review","project":[{"name":"Understanding the evolution of continuous genomes","grant_number":"101055327","_id":"bd6958e0-d553-11ed-ba76-86eba6a76c00"}],"status":"public","title":"Long-term evolution of regulatory DNA sequences. Part 2: Theory and future challenges","file_date_updated":"2026-07-27T13:39:59Z","das_tickbox":"1","type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","month":"06","has_accepted_license":"1","intvolume":" 98","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"day":"01","publication":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","_id":"21759","OA_place":"publisher","date_created":"2026-04-26T22:01:46Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_published":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","OA_type":"hybrid","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Elsevier"},{"issue":"4","article_processing_charge":"Yes","volume":45,"project":[{"name":"Development and Evolution of Tetrapod Motor Circuits","grant_number":"101041551","_id":"ebb66355-77a9-11ec-83b8-b8ac210a4dae"},{"name":"Stem Cell Modulation in Neural Development and Regeneration/ P14-Swim-to-limb transition: cell type to connection diversity","grant_number":"F7814","_id":"8da85f50-16d5-11f0-9cad-eab8b0ff6c9e"},{"name":"Tools for automation and feedback microscopy","_id":"c08e9ad1-5a5b-11eb-8a69-9d1cf3b07473","grant_number":"CZI01"},{"name":"Development of V1 interneuron diversity during swim-to-walk transition of Xenopus metamorphosis","grant_number":"FTI21-D-046","_id":"bd73af52-d553-11ed-ba76-912049f0ac7a"},{"name":"Neuronal circuits in health and disease (Sweeney)","_id":"cf428362-b037-11f1-b015-8277a8a2f63d","grant_number":"COE16"}],"article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"LoSw"},{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"TiVo"},{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"NiBa"}],"scopus_import":"1","acknowledgement":"We would like to thank the members of the Sweeney Lab, Mario de Bono, Michael Forsthofer, Katharina Lust, and Meital Oren, for comments on the manuscript. We are also grateful to Tom Jessell and Chris Kintner for their scientific insight and mentorship during the conception of this project. It would also have not been possible without the technical support of the Aquatics and Imaging and Optics Facility support teams (ISTA). We thank Martin Estermann for preparing the initial draft of the graphical abstract and Niki Barolini for the final version. In addition, we thank our funding sources for providing the resources to do these experiments: GFF NÖ FTI Strategy Lower Austria dissertation grant FT121-D-046 (to D.V.), Horizon Europe ERC starting grant 101041551 (to Y.I., L.B.S., F.A.T., and D.V.), Special Research Program (SFB) of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project F7814-B (to L.B.S.), Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE16 (to Y.I. and L.B.S.), NINDS 5R35NS116858 (to J.S.D.), CZI grant DAF2020-225401 (DOI) 10.37921/120055ratwvi (to R.H.), NIH grant R01NS123116 (to J.B.B.), American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC) (to J.B.B.), German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) IFI grant 57515251-91853472 (to Z.H.), and Project A.L.S. (to S.B.-M.).","abstract":[{"text":"As vertebrates transitioned from water to land, locomotion shifted from undulatory swimming to limb-based movement. How spinal circuits and their cell types evolved to support this transition remains unclear. We leverage frog metamorphosis, which recapitulates this transition within a single organism, to define how spinal circuits generate aquatic versus terrestrial motor patterns. At swim stages, spinal architecture is uniform, with a transcriptionally and anatomically homogeneous motor and interneurons. As limbs develop and their movement complexifies, spinal circuits expand in neuron number and subtype diversity. This expansion is most pronounced for V1 inhibitory neurons, which increase ∼70-fold and diversify into transcriptionally distinct subtypes. Disrupting transcription factors defining emerging motor and V1 populations reveals molecular segregation between swim and limb circuits, highlighting the role of subtype diversity in motor coordination. A multifold increase in inhibitory neuron diversity thus underlies the tail-to-limb locomotor transition, providing a framework for spinal circuit adaptation during vertebrate evolution.","lang":"eng"}],"year":"2026","doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227","ddc":["570"],"citation":{"mla":"Vijatovic, David, et al. “Multifold Increase in Spinal Inhibitory Cell Types with Emergence of Limb Movement.” Cell Reports, vol. 45, no. 4, 117227, Elsevier, 2026, doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227.","short":"D. Vijatovic, F.A. Toma, Y. Ignatyev, Z.P. Harrington, C.M. Sommer, R. Hauschild, M.G. Smits, M. Dalla Vecchia, A.J. Trevisan, P. Chapman, M. Julseth, S. Brenner-Morton, M.I. Gabitto, J.S. Dasen, J.B. Bikoff, L.B. Sweeney, Cell Reports 45 (2026).","chicago":"Vijatovic, David, Florina Alexandra Toma, Y Ignatyev, Zoe P Harrington, Christoph M Sommer, Robert Hauschild, Matthijs Geert Smits, et al. “Multifold Increase in Spinal Inhibitory Cell Types with Emergence of Limb Movement.” Cell Reports. Elsevier, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227.","ista":"Vijatovic D, Toma FA, Ignatyev Y, Harrington ZP, Sommer CM, Hauschild R, Smits MG, Dalla Vecchia M, Trevisan AJ, Chapman P, Julseth M, Brenner-Morton S, Gabitto MI, Dasen JS, Bikoff JB, Sweeney LB. 2026. Multifold increase in spinal inhibitory cell types with emergence of limb movement. Cell Reports. 45(4), 117227.","ama":"Vijatovic D, Toma FA, Ignatyev Y, et al. Multifold increase in spinal inhibitory cell types with emergence of limb movement. Cell Reports. 2026;45(4). doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227","apa":"Vijatovic, D., Toma, F. A., Ignatyev, Y., Harrington, Z. P., Sommer, C. M., Hauschild, R., … Sweeney, L. B. (2026). Multifold increase in spinal inhibitory cell types with emergence of limb movement. Cell Reports. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227","ieee":"D. Vijatovic et al., “Multifold increase in spinal inhibitory cell types with emergence of limb movement,” Cell Reports, vol. 45, no. 4. Elsevier, 2026."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"DOAJ_listed":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Vijatovic, David","orcid":"0000-0002-5494-0941","first_name":"David","last_name":"Vijatovic","id":"cf391e77-ec3c-11ea-a124-d69323410b58"},{"full_name":"Toma, Florina Alexandra ","first_name":"Florina Alexandra ","id":"2f73f876-f128-11eb-9611-b96b5a30cb0e","last_name":"Toma"},{"first_name":"Y","last_name":"Ignatyev","full_name":"Ignatyev, Y"},{"full_name":"Harrington, Zoe P","orcid":"0009-0008-0158-4032","last_name":"Harrington","id":"a8144562-32c9-11ee-b5ce-d9800628bda2","first_name":"Zoe P"},{"first_name":"Christoph M","last_name":"Sommer","id":"4DF26D8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Sommer, Christoph M","orcid":"0000-0003-1216-9105"},{"full_name":"Hauschild, Robert","orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522","id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hauschild","first_name":"Robert"},{"full_name":"Smits, Matthijs Geert","first_name":"Matthijs Geert","id":"7a231d52-e216-11ee-a0bb-8acd55f8f1f0","last_name":"Smits"},{"id":"02a7a869-ff06-11ed-a87f-86649d6077e5","last_name":"Dalla Vecchia","first_name":"Marco","full_name":"Dalla Vecchia, Marco"},{"full_name":"Trevisan, Alexandra J.","first_name":"Alexandra J.","last_name":"Trevisan"},{"full_name":"Chapman, Phillip","first_name":"Phillip","last_name":"Chapman"},{"full_name":"Julseth, Mara","first_name":"Mara","last_name":"Julseth","id":"1cf464b2-dc7d-11ea-9b2f-f9b1aa9417d1"},{"last_name":"Brenner-Morton","first_name":"Susan","full_name":"Brenner-Morton, Susan"},{"last_name":"Gabitto","first_name":"Mariano I.","full_name":"Gabitto, Mariano I."},{"last_name":"Dasen","first_name":"Jeremy S.","full_name":"Dasen, Jeremy S."},{"first_name":"Jay B.","last_name":"Bikoff","full_name":"Bikoff, Jay B."},{"last_name":"Sweeney","id":"56BE8254-C4F0-11E9-8E45-0B23E6697425","first_name":"Lora Beatrice Jaeger","orcid":"0000-0001-9242-5601","full_name":"Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger"}],"date_updated":"2026-09-16T07:33:54Z","pmid":1,"PlanS_conform":"1","oa":1,"file":[{"success":1,"relation":"main_file","checksum":"0d26cdb5b8d8dec3a911d8261a65cdef","date_updated":"2026-05-04T12:20:10Z","date_created":"2026-05-04T12:20:10Z","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","file_size":14925958,"file_name":"2026_CellReports_Vijatovic.pdf","file_id":"21795","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"article_number":"117227","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2639-1856"],"eissn":["2211-1247"]},"oa_version":"Published Version","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117227","corr_author":"1","OA_type":"gold","date_created":"2026-04-19T22:07:43Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_published":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Elsevier","day":"28","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"22667","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"OA_place":"publisher","publication":"Cell Reports","_id":"21746","has_accepted_license":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["41964955 "]},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"intvolume":" 45","title":"Multifold increase in spinal inhibitory cell types with emergence of limb movement","type":"journal_article","file_date_updated":"2026-05-04T12:20:10Z","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","month":"04"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Berg, Jeremy J.","last_name":"Berg","first_name":"Jeremy J."},{"first_name":"Xinyi","last_name":"Li","full_name":"Li, Xinyi"},{"last_name":"Riall","first_name":"Kellen","full_name":"Riall, Kellen"},{"full_name":"Hayward, Laura","first_name":"Laura","id":"fc885ee5-24bf-11eb-ad7b-bcc5104c0c1b","last_name":"Hayward"},{"last_name":"Sella","first_name":"Guy","full_name":"Sella, Guy"}],"date_updated":"2025-12-29T11:29:16Z","pmid":1,"oa":1,"file":[{"success":1,"relation":"main_file","file_size":1182339,"date_created":"2025-12-29T11:27:51Z","checksum":"b02eb6b78028b8bef435edc8435a8468","date_updated":"2025-12-29T11:27:51Z","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","file_id":"20863","file_name":"2025_Genetics_Berg.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0016-6731"],"eissn":["1943-2631"]},"article_number":"iyaf220","oa_version":"Published Version","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyaf220","issue":"4","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","article_type":"original","volume":231,"department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"scopus_import":"1","acknowledgement":"We thank Nick Barton, Magnus Nordborg, John Novembre, Molly Przeworski, and Himani Sachdeva for many helpful discussions and for comments on the manuscript, and we thank Joshua Schraiber and 2 anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. We also thank members of the Sella, Przeworski and Andolfatto labs at Columbia University, and the Berg, Novembre and Steinrücken labs at the University of Chicago, for feedback on the work at various stages. This work was completed in part with resources provided by the University of Chicago's Research Computing Center. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health F32 grant GM126787 and R35 grant GM151257 to J.J.B. and National Institutes of Health R01 grant GM115889 to G.S.","abstract":[{"text":"Genetic variation that influences complex disease susceptibility is introduced into the population by mutation and removed by natural selection and genetic drift. This mutation–selection–drift balance (MSDB) shapes the prevalence of a disease and its genetic architecture. To date, however, MSDB has been modeled only for monogenic (Mendelian) diseases. Here, we develop an MSDB model for complex disease susceptibility: we assume that genotype relates to disease risk according to the canonical liability threshold model and that the selection on variants affecting risk stems from the fitness cost of the disease. We focus on diseases that are highly polygenic, entail a substantial fitness cost, and are neither extremely common in the population nor exceedingly rare. The comparison of model predictions with genome-wide association studies and other observations in humans indicates that common genetic variation affecting complex disease susceptibility is little affected by directional selection and instead shaped by pleiotropic stabilizing selection on other traits. In turn, directional selection may exert a more substantial effect on rare, large-effect variants. Our results also suggest that current estimates of disease heritability are likely biased. The model thus provides a better understanding of the evolutionary processes that shape the architecture and prevalence of complex diseases.","lang":"eng"}],"year":"2025","doi":"10.1093/genetics/iyaf220","ddc":["570"],"citation":{"mla":"Berg, Jeremy J., et al. “Mutation–Selection–Drift Balance Models of Complex Diseases.” Genetics, vol. 231, no. 4, iyaf220, Oxford University Press, 2025, doi:10.1093/genetics/iyaf220.","short":"J.J. Berg, X. Li, K. Riall, L. Hayward, G. Sella, Genetics 231 (2025).","chicago":"Berg, Jeremy J., Xinyi Li, Kellen Riall, Laura Hayward, and Guy Sella. “Mutation–Selection–Drift Balance Models of Complex Diseases.” Genetics. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyaf220.","ama":"Berg JJ, Li X, Riall K, Hayward L, Sella G. Mutation–selection–drift balance models of complex diseases. Genetics. 2025;231(4). doi:10.1093/genetics/iyaf220","ista":"Berg JJ, Li X, Riall K, Hayward L, Sella G. 2025. Mutation–selection–drift balance models of complex diseases. Genetics. 231(4), iyaf220.","apa":"Berg, J. J., Li, X., Riall, K., Hayward, L., & Sella, G. (2025). Mutation–selection–drift balance models of complex diseases. Genetics. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyaf220","ieee":"J. J. Berg, X. Li, K. Riall, L. Hayward, and G. Sella, “Mutation–selection–drift balance models of complex diseases,” Genetics, vol. 231, no. 4. Oxford University Press, 2025."},"has_accepted_license":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["41073879"]},"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"},"intvolume":" 231","title":"Mutation–selection–drift balance models of complex diseases","file_date_updated":"2025-12-29T11:27:51Z","type":"journal_article","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","month":"12","OA_type":"hybrid","date_created":"2025-12-21T23:01:34Z","date_published":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Oxford University Press","day":"01","OA_place":"publisher","publication":"Genetics","_id":"20848"},{"intvolume":" 112","external_id":{"pmid":["41327576 "]},"month":"12","quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","title":"Reduced fitness under drought stress in F1 hybrids of Antirrhinum majus varieties with divergent flower colors","status":"public","publisher":"Wiley","publication_status":"published","OA_type":"closed access","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_published":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2025-12-29T12:14:26Z","_id":"20869","publication":"American Journal of Botany","related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"software","url":"https://github.com/Alex-Fuster/hybrids_drought"}]},"day":"01","pmid":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Alexandre","last_name":"Fuster‐Calvo","full_name":"Fuster‐Calvo, Alexandre"},{"full_name":"Jaworski, Coline C.","first_name":"Coline C.","last_name":"Jaworski"},{"first_name":"Thomas","id":"3153D6D4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Ellis","full_name":"Ellis, Thomas","orcid":"0000-0002-8511-0254"},{"last_name":"Baskett","id":"3B4A7CE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Carina","full_name":"Baskett, Carina","orcid":"0000-0002-7354-8574"}],"date_updated":"2026-01-05T11:56:22Z","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70129","oa_version":"None","ec_funded":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0002-9122"],"eissn":["1537-2197"]},"article_number":"e70129","article_type":"original","project":[{"name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"754411"}],"volume":112,"department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"issue":"12","article_processing_charge":"No","citation":{"short":"A. Fuster‐Calvo, C.C. Jaworski, T. Ellis, C. Baskett, American Journal of Botany 112 (2025).","mla":"Fuster‐Calvo, Alexandre, et al. “Reduced Fitness under Drought Stress in F1 Hybrids of Antirrhinum Majus Varieties with Divergent Flower Colors.” American Journal of Botany, vol. 112, no. 12, e70129, Wiley, 2025, doi:10.1002/ajb2.70129.","chicago":"Fuster‐Calvo, Alexandre, Coline C. Jaworski, Thomas Ellis, and Carina Baskett. “Reduced Fitness under Drought Stress in F1 Hybrids of Antirrhinum Majus Varieties with Divergent Flower Colors.” American Journal of Botany. Wiley, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70129.","apa":"Fuster‐Calvo, A., Jaworski, C. C., Ellis, T., & Baskett, C. (2025). Reduced fitness under drought stress in F1 hybrids of Antirrhinum majus varieties with divergent flower colors. American Journal of Botany. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70129","ista":"Fuster‐Calvo A, Jaworski CC, Ellis T, Baskett C. 2025. Reduced fitness under drought stress in F1 hybrids of Antirrhinum majus varieties with divergent flower colors. American Journal of Botany. 112(12), e70129.","ama":"Fuster‐Calvo A, Jaworski CC, Ellis T, Baskett C. Reduced fitness under drought stress in F1 hybrids of Antirrhinum majus varieties with divergent flower colors. American Journal of Botany. 2025;112(12). doi:10.1002/ajb2.70129","ieee":"A. Fuster‐Calvo, C. C. Jaworski, T. Ellis, and C. Baskett, “Reduced fitness under drought stress in F1 hybrids of Antirrhinum majus varieties with divergent flower colors,” American Journal of Botany, vol. 112, no. 12. Wiley, 2025."},"year":"2025","abstract":[{"text":"Premise: What maintains trait divergence in the face of gene flow? Two varieties of wild snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) characterized by divergent flower color hybridize in their native range. Selection on flower color genes is indicated by sharp clines, but the selective agents have not been demonstrated. Although previous work has focused on pollinators, pigmentation genes can also contribute to abiotic stress tolerance. We hypothesized that pigmentation in A. majus mediates stress tolerance, which could contribute to hybrid zone maintenance through parental niche divergence or hybrid maladaptation. Specifically, we tested whether morphotype mediates drought tolerance in an experiment comparing magenta-flowered var. pseudomajus, yellow-flowered var. striatum, and their pink-flowered hybrid cross.\r\nMethods: We experimentally compared drought tolerance of each morphotype from allopatric crosses within and between varieties using three greenhouse treatments. Control plants were watered as needed, while drought-treated plants were watered half as often, either from the transplant stage (“early” drought), or from flowering onset (“late” drought).\r\nResults: Parental morphotypes responded identically to drought in fitness and most phenotypic traits. However, hybrids had lower survival (14%) under late drought stress than parental morphotypes (70%). All hybrids that flowered in the late drought treatment died, compared to ~20% of flowering parental morphotypes.\r\nConclusions: Hybrid maladaptation to abiotic stress could potentially contribute to flower color divergence in the face of gene flow in A. majus. Further research should test the relevance of our results to field conditions and explicitly probe the role of flower color genes in drought tolerance.","lang":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"Thank you to Doug Schemske and Nick Barton forcritically reviewing the manuscript, Beatriz Pablo Car-mona for assisting with data collection, Melinda Pickupand Eva Cereghetti for seedlings, and Louise Arathoon,Ksenia Khudiakova, Georg Rieckh, Daria Shiplina, andAnja Westram for help with experimental maintenance.We sincerely thank the Associate Editor Brenda Grewelland two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtfulcomments and suggestions, which substantially improved the clarity and quality of our manuscript. C.B. receivedfunding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 researchand innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska‐Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70129"},{"article_processing_charge":"No","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.02.569702","open_access":"1"}],"issue":"6","department":[{"_id":"JaMa"},{"_id":"NiBa"}],"volume":205,"article_type":"original","project":[{"_id":"c08d3278-5a5b-11eb-8a69-fdb09b55f4b8","grant_number":"P32896","name":"Causes and consequences of population fragmentation"},{"name":"Polygenic Adaptation in a Metapopulation","grant_number":"26380","_id":"34c872fe-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8534b82131e6"},{"_id":"34d33d68-11ca-11ed-8bc3-ec13763c0ca8","grant_number":"26293","name":"The impact of deleterious mutations on small populations"}],"doi":"10.1086/735562","scopus_import":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Habitat fragmentation poses a significant risk to population survival, causing both demographic stochasticity and genetic drift within local populations to increase, thereby increasing genetic load. Higher load causes population numbers to decline, which reduces the efficiency of selection and further increases load, resulting in a positive feedback that may drive entire populations to extinction. Here, we investigate this eco-evolutionary feedback in a metapopulation consisting of local demes connected via migration, with individuals subject to deleterious mutation at a large number of loci. We first analyze the determinants of load under soft selection, where population sizes are fixed, and then build on this to understand hard selection, where population sizes and load coevolve. We show that under soft selection, very little gene flow (less than one migrant per generation) is enough to prevent fixation of deleterious alleles. By contrast, much higher levels of migration are required to mitigate load and prevent extinction when selection is hard, with critical migration thresholds for metapopulation persistence increasing sharply as the genome-wide deleterious mutation rate becomes comparable to the baseline population growth rate. Moreover, critical migration thresholds are highest if deleterious mutations have intermediate selection coefficients but lower if alleles are predominantly recessive rather than additive (due to more efficient purging of recessive load within local populations). Our analysis is based on a combination of analytical approximations and simulations, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing load and extinction in fragmented populations."}],"year":"2025","acknowledgement":"This research was partially funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF P-32896B) and DOC Fellowships of the Austrian Academy of Sciences: grants 26380 (O.O.) and 26293 (K.K.). We thank Nick Barton for useful comments on the chapter in O.O.’s thesis that led to this article.","citation":{"ieee":"O. O. Olusanya, K. Khudiakova, and H. Sachdeva, “Genetic load, eco-evolutionary feedback, and extinction in metapopulations,” The American Naturalist, vol. 205, no. 6. University of Chicago Press, pp. 617–636, 2025.","ista":"Olusanya OO, Khudiakova K, Sachdeva H. 2025. Genetic load, eco-evolutionary feedback, and extinction in metapopulations. The American Naturalist. 205(6), 617–636.","ama":"Olusanya OO, Khudiakova K, Sachdeva H. Genetic load, eco-evolutionary feedback, and extinction in metapopulations. The American Naturalist. 2025;205(6):617-636. doi:10.1086/735562","apa":"Olusanya, O. O., Khudiakova, K., & Sachdeva, H. (2025). Genetic load, eco-evolutionary feedback, and extinction in metapopulations. The American Naturalist. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.1086/735562","chicago":"Olusanya, Oluwafunmilola O, Kseniia Khudiakova, and Himani Sachdeva. “Genetic Load, Eco-Evolutionary Feedback, and Extinction in Metapopulations.” The American Naturalist. University of Chicago Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1086/735562.","mla":"Olusanya, Oluwafunmilola O., et al. “Genetic Load, Eco-Evolutionary Feedback, and Extinction in Metapopulations.” The American Naturalist, vol. 205, no. 6, University of Chicago Press, 2025, pp. 617–36, doi:10.1086/735562.","short":"O.O. Olusanya, K. Khudiakova, H. Sachdeva, The American Naturalist 205 (2025) 617–636."},"author":[{"first_name":"Oluwafunmilola O","id":"41AD96DC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Olusanya","orcid":"0000-0003-1971-8314","full_name":"Olusanya, Oluwafunmilola O"},{"full_name":"Khudiakova, Kseniia","orcid":"0000-0002-6246-1465","id":"4E6DC800-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425","last_name":"Khudiakova","first_name":"Kseniia"},{"last_name":"Sachdeva","id":"42377A0A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Himani","full_name":"Sachdeva, Himani"}],"date_updated":"2026-04-07T08:45:14Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"pmid":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1537-5323"],"issn":["0003-0147"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/735562","corr_author":"1","oa_version":"Preprint","date_created":"2026-02-18T10:47:18Z","date_published":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","OA_type":"green","publication_status":"published","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","page":"617-636","day":"01","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"14732","relation":"earlier_version"}]},"publication":"The American Naturalist","_id":"21322","OA_place":"repository","external_id":{"pmid":["40446297 "]},"intvolume":" 205","status":"public","title":"Genetic load, eco-evolutionary feedback, and extinction in metapopulations","type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","month":"06"},{"month":"01","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:17344","oa_version":"Published Version","corr_author":"1","type":"research_data","file_date_updated":"2025-01-02T12:30:39Z","title":"Mathematica notebook and Fortran code for 'Effect of assortative mating and sexual selection on polygenic barriers to gene flow'","file":[{"file_size":326835,"date_created":"2025-01-02T12:30:27Z","creator":"psurendr","checksum":"9c5f91876014706990a0728c3675cd2a","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2025-01-02T12:30:27Z","content_type":"application/zip","file_id":"18722","file_name":"Codes.zip","success":1,"relation":"main_file"},{"success":1,"relation":"main_file","creator":"psurendr","checksum":"47fe98b7cc526e634e42de58f5eae288","date_created":"2025-01-02T12:30:39Z","date_updated":"2025-01-02T12:30:39Z","file_size":620,"access_level":"open_access","file_id":"18723","file_name":"ReadMe.txt","content_type":"text/plain"}],"status":"public","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"oa":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Parvathy","last_name":"Surendranadh","id":"455235B8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Surendranadh, Parvathy","orcid":"0000-0001-6395-386X"},{"last_name":"Sachdeva","first_name":"Himani","full_name":"Sachdeva, Himani"}],"date_updated":"2025-12-30T08:44:12Z","citation":{"chicago":"Surendranadh, Parvathy, and Himani Sachdeva. “Mathematica Notebook and Fortran Code for ‘Effect of Assortative Mating and Sexual Selection on Polygenic Barriers to Gene Flow.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:17344.","short":"P. Surendranadh, H. Sachdeva, (2025).","mla":"Surendranadh, Parvathy, and Himani Sachdeva. Mathematica Notebook and Fortran Code for “Effect of Assortative Mating and Sexual Selection on Polygenic Barriers to Gene Flow.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025, doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:17344.","ieee":"P. Surendranadh and H. Sachdeva, “Mathematica notebook and Fortran code for ‘Effect of assortative mating and sexual selection on polygenic barriers to gene flow.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.","apa":"Surendranadh, P., & Sachdeva, H. (2025). Mathematica notebook and Fortran code for “Effect of assortative mating and sexual selection on polygenic barriers to gene flow.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:17344","ista":"Surendranadh P, Sachdeva H. 2025. Mathematica notebook and Fortran code for ‘Effect of assortative mating and sexual selection on polygenic barriers to gene flow’, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 10.15479/AT:ISTA:17344.","ama":"Surendranadh P, Sachdeva H. Mathematica notebook and Fortran code for “Effect of assortative mating and sexual selection on polygenic barriers to gene flow.” 2025. doi:10.15479/AT:ISTA:17344"},"_id":"18712","year":"2025","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"This file contains the code associated with the manuscript 'Effect of assortative mating and sexual selection on polygenic barriers to gene flow'. "}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"used_in_publication","id":"19876","status":"public"}]},"day":"07","doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:17344","ddc":["576"],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"NiBa"}],"user_id":"9947682f-b9fa-11ee-9c4a-b3ffaafe6614","date_published":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2025-01-01T15:28:27Z","article_processing_charge":"No"},{"article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","issue":"3","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"article_type":"original","volume":38,"ddc":["570"],"doi":"10.1093/jeb/voaf002","scopus_import":"1","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/K014021/1), European Research Council (ERC-2015-AdG-693030- BARRIERS) and Swedish Research Council VR (2018-03695) and we are also very grateful for the support of the Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology at the University of Gothenburg.\r\nWe thank the Swedish Bioinformatics Advisory Program organized by SciLifeLab for feedback and assistance on the variant calling pipeline and Alan Le Moan for helpful discussions. R.K.B. and A.M.W. contributed equally to this work. We are also very grateful to Tomas Larsson and Marina Panova for their bioinformatic analyses on the genome and the annotation. The bioinformatic analyses were performed on resources at the University of Sheffield’s High Performance Computing cluster, ShARC. We thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on a previous version.","year":"2025","abstract":[{"text":"Polymorphic short insertions and deletions (INDELs \r\n 50 bp) are abundant, although less common than single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Evidence from model organisms shows INDELs to be more strongly influenced by purifying selection than SNPs. Partly for this reason, INDELs are rarely used as markers for demographic processes or to detect divergent selection. Here, we compared INDELs and SNPs in the intertidal snail Littorina saxatilis, focussing on hybrid zones between ecotypes, in order to test the utility of INDELs in the detection of divergent selection. We computed INDEL and SNP site frequency spectra using capture sequencing data. We assessed the impact of divergent selection by analyzing allele frequency clines across habitat boundaries. We also examined the influence of GC-biased gene conversion because it may be confounded with signatures of selection. We show evidence that short INDELs are affected more by purifying selection than SNPs, but part of the observed site frequency spectra difference can be attributed to GC-biased gene conversion. We did not find a difference in the impact of divergent selection between short INDELs and SNPs. Short INDELs and SNPs were similarly distributed across the genome and so are likely to respond to indirect selection in the same way. A few regions likely affected by divergent selection were revealed by INDELs and not by SNPs. Short INDELs can be useful (additional) genetic markers helping to identify genomic regions important for adaptation and population divergence.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"apa":"Perini, S., Johannesson, K., Butlin, R. K., & Westram, A. M. (2025). Short INDELs and SNPs as markers of evolutionary processes in hybrid zones. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeb/voaf002","ama":"Perini S, Johannesson K, Butlin RK, Westram AM. Short INDELs and SNPs as markers of evolutionary processes in hybrid zones. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2025;38(3):367-378. doi:10.1093/jeb/voaf002","ista":"Perini S, Johannesson K, Butlin RK, Westram AM. 2025. Short INDELs and SNPs as markers of evolutionary processes in hybrid zones. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 38(3), 367–378.","ieee":"S. Perini, K. Johannesson, R. K. Butlin, and A. M. Westram, “Short INDELs and SNPs as markers of evolutionary processes in hybrid zones,” Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol. 38, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 367–378, 2025.","short":"S. Perini, K. Johannesson, R.K. Butlin, A.M. Westram, Journal of Evolutionary Biology 38 (2025) 367–378.","mla":"Perini, Samuel, et al. “Short INDELs and SNPs as Markers of Evolutionary Processes in Hybrid Zones.” Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol. 38, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2025, pp. 367–78, doi:10.1093/jeb/voaf002.","chicago":"Perini, Samuel, Kerstin Johannesson, Roger K. Butlin, and Anja M Westram. “Short INDELs and SNPs as Markers of Evolutionary Processes in Hybrid Zones.” Journal of Evolutionary Biology. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeb/voaf002."},"date_updated":"2025-09-30T11:19:56Z","author":[{"full_name":"Perini, Samuel","first_name":"Samuel","last_name":"Perini"},{"last_name":"Johannesson","first_name":"Kerstin","full_name":"Johannesson, Kerstin"},{"first_name":"Roger K.","last_name":"Butlin","full_name":"Butlin, Roger K."},{"full_name":"Westram, Anja M","orcid":"0000-0003-1050-4969","id":"3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Westram","first_name":"Anja M"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"pmid":1,"isi":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1010-061X"],"eissn":["1420-9101"]},"file":[{"file_size":12826085,"creator":"dernst","checksum":"01408e626a4131bfec5ffc70b0af9129","date_created":"2025-04-03T11:53:06Z","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2025-04-03T11:53:06Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"19469","file_name":"2025_JourEvolBiology_Perini.pdf","success":1,"relation":"main_file"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeb/voaf002","corr_author":"1","date_created":"2025-03-23T23:01:25Z","date_published":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","OA_type":"hybrid","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Oxford University Press","page":"367-378","day":"01","publication":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","_id":"19438","OA_place":"publisher","external_id":{"pmid":["39803902"],"isi":["001415267900001"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","intvolume":" 38","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by_nc.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"},"status":"public","title":"Short INDELs and SNPs as markers of evolutionary processes in hybrid zones","type":"journal_article","file_date_updated":"2025-04-03T11:53:06Z","quality_controlled":"1","month":"03"},{"year":"2025","acknowledgement":"We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all the data providers who carried out fieldwork in different regions of the Arctic and published their data, which we used for our meta-analysis. We recognise the hard work and dedication of these individuals, without whom this paper would not have been possible. We are grateful to the editor and the anonymous reviewer for their time and valuable feedback on this manuscript. We particularly appreciate the detailed and constructive comments provided by reviewer Mara Baudena, which significantly strengthened our work. We also acknowledge the Indigenous peoples and rural communities of the Arctic, whose traditional knowledge, rights, and interests are integral to the stewardship and study of these ecosystems. This work was funded in part by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) grant 80NSSC22K1256 (GVF). Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.","abstract":[{"text":"1. Climate change is expected to induce shifts in the composition, structure and functioning of Arctic tundra ecosystems. Increases in the frequency and severity of tundra fires have the potential to catalyse vegetation transitions with far-reaching local, regional and global consequences.\r\n2. We propose that post-fire tundra recovery, coupled with climate change, may not necessarily lead to pre-fire conditions. Our hypothesis, based on surveys and literature, suggests two climate–fire driven trajectories. One trajectory results in increased woody vegetation under low fire frequency; the other results in grass dominance under high frequency.\r\n3. Future research should address uncertainties regarding possible tundra ecosystem shifts linked to fires, using methods that encompass greater temporal and spatial scales than previously addressed. More case studies, especially in underrepresented regions and ecosystem types, are essential to broaden the empirical basis for forecasts and potential fire management strategies.\r\n4. Synthesis. Our review synthesises current knowledge on post-fire vegetation trajectories in Arctic tundra ecosystems, highlighting potential transitions and alternative ecosystem states and their implications. We discuss challenges in defining and predicting these trajectories as well as future directions.","lang":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","ddc":["550","570"],"doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70022","citation":{"short":"R.J. Heim, A.V. Rocha, V. Zemlianskii, K. Barrett, H. Bültmann, A. Breen, G.V. Frost, T.N. Hollingsworth, R. Jandt, M. Kozlova, A. Kurka, M.T. Jorgenson, S.M. Landhäusser, M.M. Loranty, E.A. Miller, K. Narita, E. Pravdolyubova, N. Hölzel, G. Schaepman-Strub, Journal of Ecology 113 (2025) 1042–1056.","mla":"Heim, Ramona Julia, et al. “Arctic Tundra Ecosystems under Fire—Alternative Ecosystem States in a Changing Climate?” Journal of Ecology, vol. 113, no. 5, Wiley, 2025, pp. 1042–56, doi:10.1111/1365-2745.70022.","chicago":"Heim, Ramona Julia, Adrian V. Rocha, Vitalii Zemlianskii, Kirsten Barrett, Helga Bültmann, Amy Breen, Gerald Verner Frost, et al. “Arctic Tundra Ecosystems under Fire—Alternative Ecosystem States in a Changing Climate?” Journal of Ecology. Wiley, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70022.","apa":"Heim, R. J., Rocha, A. V., Zemlianskii, V., Barrett, K., Bültmann, H., Breen, A., … Schaepman-Strub, G. (2025). Arctic tundra ecosystems under fire—Alternative ecosystem states in a changing climate? Journal of Ecology. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70022","ama":"Heim RJ, Rocha AV, Zemlianskii V, et al. Arctic tundra ecosystems under fire—Alternative ecosystem states in a changing climate? Journal of Ecology. 2025;113(5):1042-1056. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.70022","ista":"Heim RJ, Rocha AV, Zemlianskii V, Barrett K, Bültmann H, Breen A, Frost GV, Hollingsworth TN, Jandt R, Kozlova M, Kurka A, Jorgenson MT, Landhäusser SM, Loranty MM, Miller EA, Narita K, Pravdolyubova E, Hölzel N, Schaepman-Strub G. 2025. Arctic tundra ecosystems under fire—Alternative ecosystem states in a changing climate? Journal of Ecology. 113(5), 1042–1056.","ieee":"R. J. Heim et al., “Arctic tundra ecosystems under fire—Alternative ecosystem states in a changing climate?,” Journal of Ecology, vol. 113, no. 5. Wiley, pp. 1042–1056, 2025."},"issue":"5","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","article_type":"review","volume":113,"department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"file":[{"checksum":"e2785ae265e211b4dc7fc9c5b7744948","date_created":"2025-12-30T08:08:18Z","date_updated":"2025-12-30T08:08:18Z","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","file_size":2662766,"file_id":"20890","file_name":"2025_JournEcology_Heim.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"relation":"main_file"}],"isi":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2745"],"issn":["0022-0477"]},"oa_version":"Published Version","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70022","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2025-12-30T08:09:47Z","author":[{"first_name":"Ramona Julia","last_name":"Heim","full_name":"Heim, Ramona Julia"},{"last_name":"Rocha","first_name":"Adrian V.","full_name":"Rocha, Adrian V."},{"first_name":"Vitalii","last_name":"Zemlianskii","full_name":"Zemlianskii, Vitalii"},{"first_name":"Kirsten","last_name":"Barrett","full_name":"Barrett, Kirsten"},{"full_name":"Bültmann, Helga","first_name":"Helga","last_name":"Bültmann"},{"full_name":"Breen, Amy","last_name":"Breen","first_name":"Amy"},{"full_name":"Frost, Gerald Verner","last_name":"Frost","first_name":"Gerald Verner"},{"full_name":"Hollingsworth, Teresa Nettleton","first_name":"Teresa Nettleton","last_name":"Hollingsworth"},{"first_name":"Randi","last_name":"Jandt","full_name":"Jandt, Randi"},{"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Kozlova","full_name":"Kozlova, Maria"},{"last_name":"Kurka","first_name":"Anastasiya","full_name":"Kurka, Anastasiya"},{"full_name":"Jorgenson, Mark Torre","last_name":"Jorgenson","first_name":"Mark Torre"},{"full_name":"Landhäusser, Simon M.","first_name":"Simon M.","last_name":"Landhäusser"},{"full_name":"Loranty, Michael Mark","last_name":"Loranty","first_name":"Michael Mark"},{"full_name":"Miller, Eric A.","first_name":"Eric A.","last_name":"Miller"},{"last_name":"Narita","first_name":"Kenji","full_name":"Narita, Kenji"},{"full_name":"Pravdolyubova, Evgeniya","id":"0b30719b-13f0-11ed-ab2a-94498bc6a278","last_name":"Pravdolyubova","first_name":"Evgeniya"},{"full_name":"Hölzel, Norbert","first_name":"Norbert","last_name":"Hölzel"},{"full_name":"Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela","last_name":"Schaepman-Strub","first_name":"Gabriela"}],"PlanS_conform":"1","oa":1,"day":"01","page":"1042-1056","OA_place":"publisher","_id":"19442","publication":"Journal of Ecology","OA_type":"hybrid","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_published":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2025-03-23T23:01:27Z","publisher":"Wiley","publication_status":"published","file_date_updated":"2025-12-30T08:08:18Z","type":"journal_article","title":"Arctic tundra ecosystems under fire—Alternative ecosystem states in a changing climate?","status":"public","month":"05","quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"isi":["001443422900001"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"intvolume":" 113"},{"isi":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0940-6360"],"eissn":["1432-1890"]},"article_number":"32","oa_version":"None","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-025-01203-w","author":[{"last_name":"Zuev","first_name":"A. G.","full_name":"Zuev, A. G."},{"full_name":"Alexandrova, A. V.","last_name":"Alexandrova","first_name":"A. V."},{"full_name":"Litvinskiy, V. A.","first_name":"V. A.","last_name":"Litvinskiy"},{"full_name":"Pravdolyubova, Evgeniya","last_name":"Pravdolyubova","id":"0b30719b-13f0-11ed-ab2a-94498bc6a278","first_name":"Evgeniya"},{"first_name":"A. V.","last_name":"Tiunov","full_name":"Tiunov, A. V."}],"date_updated":"2025-09-30T12:24:12Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"pmid":1,"doi":"10.1007/s00572-025-01203-w","year":"2025","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Mycorrhizal and saprotrophic macromycetes contribute strongly to the carbon and nitrogen cycles of forest ecosystems, often studied by tracing stable isotope composition of carbon and nitrogen. The phenomenon of the saprotrophic-mycorrhizal divide highlights the difference in the stable isotope composition of fruiting bodies of mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. Much less is known about the isotopic composition of the mycelium, which plays an important role in the formation of the soil organic matter and fuels the fungal trophic channel in soil food webs. In this study, we assessed whether the saprotrophic-mycorrhizal divide in the natural δ13С and δ15N values can be traced throughout entire fungal organisms. This hypothesis was tested using 16 species of ectomycorrhizal and six species of saprotrophic basidiomycetous fungi. We showed that not only fruiting bodies, but also the mycelium of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi differs in the δ13C and δ15N values. In both ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi, the δ13C and δ15N values increased from mycelium to hymenophores and correlated positively with the total N content in the corresponding tissues. The differences between ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic mycelium can be used to reconstruct the fungal-driven belowground carbon and nitrogen allocation, and the contribution of saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi to soil food webs."}],"acknowledgement":"We thank Sergey Tsurikov for the help with stable isotope analysis. Dr. Jacob D. Wickham (IEE RAS) kindly improved the English of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project №. 22–14–00363).","scopus_import":"1","citation":{"mla":"Zuev, A. G., et al. “Saprotrophic-Mycorrhizal Divide in Stable Isotope Composition throughout the Whole Fungus: From Mycelium to Hymenophore.” Mycorrhiza, vol. 35, no. 2, 32, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:10.1007/s00572-025-01203-w.","short":"A.G. Zuev, A.V. Alexandrova, V.A. Litvinskiy, E. Pravdolyubova, A.V. Tiunov, Mycorrhiza 35 (2025).","chicago":"Zuev, A. G., A. V. Alexandrova, V. A. Litvinskiy, Evgeniya Pravdolyubova, and A. V. Tiunov. “Saprotrophic-Mycorrhizal Divide in Stable Isotope Composition throughout the Whole Fungus: From Mycelium to Hymenophore.” Mycorrhiza. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-025-01203-w.","ista":"Zuev AG, Alexandrova AV, Litvinskiy VA, Pravdolyubova E, Tiunov AV. 2025. Saprotrophic-mycorrhizal divide in stable isotope composition throughout the whole fungus: From mycelium to hymenophore. Mycorrhiza. 35(2), 32.","ama":"Zuev AG, Alexandrova AV, Litvinskiy VA, Pravdolyubova E, Tiunov AV. Saprotrophic-mycorrhizal divide in stable isotope composition throughout the whole fungus: From mycelium to hymenophore. Mycorrhiza. 2025;35(2). doi:10.1007/s00572-025-01203-w","apa":"Zuev, A. G., Alexandrova, A. V., Litvinskiy, V. A., Pravdolyubova, E., & Tiunov, A. V. (2025). Saprotrophic-mycorrhizal divide in stable isotope composition throughout the whole fungus: From mycelium to hymenophore. Mycorrhiza. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-025-01203-w","ieee":"A. G. Zuev, A. V. Alexandrova, V. A. Litvinskiy, E. Pravdolyubova, and A. V. Tiunov, “Saprotrophic-mycorrhizal divide in stable isotope composition throughout the whole fungus: From mycelium to hymenophore,” Mycorrhiza, vol. 35, no. 2. Springer Nature, 2025."},"article_processing_charge":"No","issue":"2","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"volume":35,"article_type":"original","status":"public","type":"journal_article","title":"Saprotrophic-mycorrhizal divide in stable isotope composition throughout the whole fungus: From mycelium to hymenophore","month":"04","quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["40232310"],"isi":["001467249900001"]},"intvolume":" 35","day":"01","_id":"19641","publication":"Mycorrhiza","date_published":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","date_created":"2025-05-04T22:02:32Z","OA_type":"closed access","publisher":"Springer Nature","publication_status":"published"},{"publication_status":"published","publisher":"Wiley","OA_type":"closed access","date_created":"2025-05-11T22:02:41Z","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","date_published":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"Austral Ecology","_id":"19671","day":"01","intvolume":" 50","external_id":{"isi":["001476761500001"]},"month":"04","quality_controlled":"1","title":"A life-cycle approach to understand consequences of silvopastoral use on two native tree species of Northern Patagonia","type":"journal_article","status":"public","article_type":"original","volume":50,"department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"issue":"4","article_processing_charge":"No","citation":{"ieee":"D. Arpigiani, V. Aschero, R. M. Soler Schaller, and M. M. Amoroso, “A life-cycle approach to understand consequences of silvopastoral use on two native tree species of Northern Patagonia,” Austral Ecology, vol. 50, no. 4. Wiley, 2025.","apa":"Arpigiani, D., Aschero, V., Soler Schaller, R. M., & Amoroso, M. M. (2025). A life-cycle approach to understand consequences of silvopastoral use on two native tree species of Northern Patagonia. Austral Ecology. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.70058","ama":"Arpigiani D, Aschero V, Soler Schaller RM, Amoroso MM. A life-cycle approach to understand consequences of silvopastoral use on two native tree species of Northern Patagonia. Austral Ecology. 2025;50(4). doi:10.1111/aec.70058","ista":"Arpigiani D, Aschero V, Soler Schaller RM, Amoroso MM. 2025. A life-cycle approach to understand consequences of silvopastoral use on two native tree species of Northern Patagonia. Austral Ecology. 50(4), e70058.","chicago":"Arpigiani, Daniela, Valeria Aschero, Rosina Matilde Soler Schaller, and Mariano M. Amoroso. “A Life-Cycle Approach to Understand Consequences of Silvopastoral Use on Two Native Tree Species of Northern Patagonia.” Austral Ecology. Wiley, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.70058.","short":"D. Arpigiani, V. Aschero, R.M. Soler Schaller, M.M. Amoroso, Austral Ecology 50 (2025).","mla":"Arpigiani, Daniela, et al. “A Life-Cycle Approach to Understand Consequences of Silvopastoral Use on Two Native Tree Species of Northern Patagonia.” Austral Ecology, vol. 50, no. 4, e70058, Wiley, 2025, doi:10.1111/aec.70058."},"scopus_import":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Silvopastoral use in native forests could impact population dynamics of key tree species, with contrasting effects at different life cycle stages. Prior studies in South American temperate forests have mainly focused on initial stages, lacking a comprehensive understanding of the entire life cycle within productive systems. We assessed the population dynamics of two key species of mixed forests in northern Patagonia (Austrocedrus chilensis and Nothofagus dombeyi) under two silvopastoral use intensities (high vs. low), using demographic techniques and population projection models. Over 3 years, we quantified vital rates (survival, fertility, growth, reversion and stasis) and used matrix models to calculate deterministic population growth rates (λ). High-intensity silvopastoral use had predominantly negative effects on the elements of the projection matrices of A. chilensis, whereas N. dombeyi exhibited mostly positive or no changes. As a result, projections indicated slight population decreases for A. chilensis (mostly λ < 1) at high silvopastoral use levels compared to low levels, while N. dombeyi showed similar projections (λ ≅ 1) between use levels. Decreased λ for A. chilensis resulted mainly from lower adult tree survival, while early life stages had limited influence on λ for these long-lived species. In summary, silvopastoral use affects population dynamics of key tree species of these mixed forests of northern Patagonia, with implications for sustainable management. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the entire life cycle and suggest targeted practices to enhance A. chilensis populations."}],"acknowledgement":"We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the owners of the estates, Lisandro and Oscar Lanfré, Roberto Criado and Yayo Tillería, for allowing us to conduct our research on their properties and for generously sharing their time and knowledge throughout these years. We are also deeply thankful to our field assistants, Matías Scotti, Clara Pissolito, Noel Szudruk, Mariano Varela, Ian Mott, Brisa Guenuleo, Nicolás Bistolfi, Facundo Gómez and Belén Vallerga, who tirelessly collaborated in the arduous tasks of monitoring and data collection, even in challenging weather conditions. We are grateful to CONICET for providing the doctoral scholarship to D. Arpigiani. This study received partial financial support from the Agencia MINCyT (PICT 2015-1692) and the Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (PI 40-B-478), Argentina.","year":"2025","doi":"10.1111/aec.70058","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Arpigiani, Daniela","first_name":"Daniela","last_name":"Arpigiani"},{"full_name":"Aschero, Valeria","last_name":"Aschero","first_name":"Valeria"},{"full_name":"Soler Schaller, Rosina Matilde","first_name":"Rosina Matilde","last_name":"Soler Schaller","id":"9e668447-8c32-11ed-b0c7-8dc2d7b80803"},{"last_name":"Amoroso","first_name":"Mariano M.","full_name":"Amoroso, Mariano M."}],"date_updated":"2025-09-30T12:31:04Z","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.70058","oa_version":"None","isi":1,"article_number":"e70058","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1442-9993"],"issn":["1442-9985"]}},{"title":"Effect of assortative mating and sexual selection on polygenic barriers to gene flow","file_date_updated":"2025-12-30T08:43:33Z","type":"journal_article","status":"public","month":"07","quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"isi":["001490646300001"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"intvolume":" 79","day":"01","page":"1185-1198","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"18712","relation":"research_data"}]},"OA_place":"publisher","publication":"Evolution","_id":"19876","OA_type":"hybrid","date_created":"2025-06-23T13:51:00Z","date_published":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Oxford University Press","file":[{"relation":"main_file","success":1,"file_id":"20898","file_name":"2025_Evolution_Surendranadh.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2025-12-30T08:43:33Z","checksum":"288ca936cef794d68a55356e70671846","date_created":"2025-12-30T08:43:33Z","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","file_size":2784295}],"isi":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0014-3820"],"eissn":["1558-5646"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpaf047","oa_version":"Published Version","corr_author":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Surendranadh, Parvathy","orcid":"0000-0001-6395-386X","first_name":"Parvathy","last_name":"Surendranadh","id":"455235B8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Himani","last_name":"Sachdeva","full_name":"Sachdeva, Himani"}],"date_updated":"2025-12-30T08:44:13Z","oa":1,"scopus_import":"1","acknowledgement":"We thank Nick Barton for useful comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by Scientific Computing (SciComp).","year":"2025","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Assortative mating and sexual selection are widespread in nature and can play an important role in speciation by facilitating the buildup and maintenance of reproductive isolation (RI). However, their contribution to genome-wide suppression of gene flow during RI is rarely quantified.\r\nHere, we consider a polygenic “magic” trait that is divergently selected across two populations connected by migration, while also serving as the basis of assortative mating, thus generating sexual selection on one or both sexes. We obtain theoretical predictions for divergence at\r\nindividual trait loci by assuming that the effect of all other loci on any locus can be encapsulated via an effective migration rate, which bears a simple relationship to measurable fitness components of migrants and various early-generation hybrids. Our analysis clarifies how “tipping\r\npoints” (characterized by an abrupt collapse of adaptive divergence) arise, and when assortative mating can shift the critical level of migration beyond which divergence collapses. We quantify the relative contributions of viability and sexual selection to genome-wide barriers to gene\r\nflow and discuss how these depend on existing divergence levels. Our results suggest that effective migration rates provide a useful way of understanding genomic divergence, even in scenarios involving multiple, interacting mechanisms of RI. "}],"ddc":["570"],"doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpaf047","citation":{"chicago":"Surendranadh, Parvathy, and Himani Sachdeva. “Effect of Assortative Mating and Sexual Selection on Polygenic Barriers to Gene Flow.” Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpaf047.","short":"P. Surendranadh, H. Sachdeva, Evolution 79 (2025) 1185–1198.","mla":"Surendranadh, Parvathy, and Himani Sachdeva. “Effect of Assortative Mating and Sexual Selection on Polygenic Barriers to Gene Flow.” Evolution, vol. 79, no. 7, Oxford University Press, 2025, pp. 1185–98, doi:10.1093/evolut/qpaf047.","ieee":"P. Surendranadh and H. Sachdeva, “Effect of assortative mating and sexual selection on polygenic barriers to gene flow,” Evolution, vol. 79, no. 7. Oxford University Press, pp. 1185–1198, 2025.","apa":"Surendranadh, P., & Sachdeva, H. (2025). Effect of assortative mating and sexual selection on polygenic barriers to gene flow. Evolution. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpaf047","ista":"Surendranadh P, Sachdeva H. 2025. Effect of assortative mating and sexual selection on polygenic barriers to gene flow. Evolution. 79(7), 1185–1198.","ama":"Surendranadh P, Sachdeva H. Effect of assortative mating and sexual selection on polygenic barriers to gene flow. Evolution. 2025;79(7):1185-1198. doi:10.1093/evolut/qpaf047"},"issue":"7","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","volume":79,"article_type":"original","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}]},{"has_accepted_license":"1","external_id":{"isi":["001538172800001"]},"intvolume":" 34","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"status":"public","type":"journal_article","file_date_updated":"2025-12-30T09:25:17Z","title":"Phenotypic divergence and genomic architecture between parallel ecotypes at two different points on the speciation continuum in a marine snail","quality_controlled":"1","month":"11","date_published":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_created":"2025-08-03T22:01:31Z","OA_type":"hybrid","publisher":"Wiley","publication_status":"published","day":"01","_id":"20102","publication":"Molecular Ecology","OA_place":"publisher","author":[{"full_name":"Raffini, Francesca","last_name":"Raffini","first_name":"Francesca"},{"first_name":"Aurélien","last_name":"De Jode","full_name":"De Jode, Aurélien"},{"full_name":"Johannesson, Kerstin","last_name":"Johannesson","first_name":"Kerstin"},{"first_name":"Rui","last_name":"Faria","full_name":"Faria, Rui"},{"first_name":"Zuzanna B.","last_name":"Zagrodzka","full_name":"Zagrodzka, Zuzanna B."},{"last_name":"Westram","id":"3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Anja M","full_name":"Westram, Anja M","orcid":"0000-0003-1050-4969"},{"full_name":"Galindo, Juan","first_name":"Juan","last_name":"Galindo"},{"full_name":"Rolán-Alvarez, Emilio","last_name":"Rolán-Alvarez","first_name":"Emilio"},{"full_name":"Butlin, Roger K.","last_name":"Butlin","first_name":"Roger K."}],"date_updated":"2025-12-30T09:25:45Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"PlanS_conform":"1","article_number":"e70025","isi":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0962-1083"],"eissn":["1365-294X"]},"file":[{"success":1,"relation":"main_file","date_created":"2025-12-30T09:25:17Z","checksum":"ec01edda64cfbc6cbc8adf300f719644","date_updated":"2025-12-30T09:25:17Z","access_level":"open_access","file_size":2767745,"creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2025_MolecEcology_Raffini.pdf","file_id":"20906"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.70025","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","issue":"21","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"article_type":"original","volume":34,"ddc":["570"],"doi":"10.1111/mec.70025","year":"2025","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Speciation is rarely observable directly. A way forward is to compare pairs of ecotypes that evolved in parallel in similar contexts but have reached different degrees of reproductive isolation. Such comparisons are possible in the marine snail Littorina saxatilis by contrasting barriers to gene flow between parallel ecotypes in Spain and Sweden. In both countries, divergent ecotypes have evolved to withstand either crab predation or wave action. Here, we explore transects spanning contact zones between the Crab and the Wave ecotypes using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing, morphological and behavioural traits. Despite parallel phenotypic divergence, distinct patterns of differentiation between the ecotypes emerged: a continuous cline in Sweden indicating a weak barrier to gene flow, but two highly genetically and phenotypically divergent, and partly spatially overlapping clusters in Spain suggesting a much stronger barrier to gene flow. The absence of Spanish early-generation hybrids supported strong isolation, but a low level of gene flow is evident from molecular data. In both countries, highly differentiated loci were located in both shared and country-specific chromosomal inversions but were also present in collinear regions. Despite being considered the same species and showing similar levels of phenotypic divergence, the Spanish ecotypes are much closer to full reproductive isolation than the Swedish ones. Barriers to gene flow of very different strengths between ecotypes within the same species might be explained by dissimilarities in the spatial arrangement of habitats, the selection gradients or the ages of the systems."}],"acknowledgement":"This study was supported by European Research Council grant 693030-BARRIERS to RKB; the Swedish Research Council (grant number 2021-04191) to KJ; the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT: 2020.00275.CEECIND and PTDC/BIA-EVL/1614/2021) to RF; grant PID2022-137935NB-I00 by MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033/and ERDF/EU (ED431C 2020-05) to JG, grant PID2021-124930NB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033/and ERDF/EU to ERA, Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2024/22), Centro singular de Investigación de Galicia accreditation 2024-2027 (ED431G 2023/07), ‘ERDF A way of making Europe’ and Norwegian Research Council RCN, project 315287 to AMW.","scopus_import":"1","citation":{"ama":"Raffini F, De Jode A, Johannesson K, et al. Phenotypic divergence and genomic architecture between parallel ecotypes at two different points on the speciation continuum in a marine snail. Molecular Ecology. 2025;34(21). doi:10.1111/mec.70025","ista":"Raffini F, De Jode A, Johannesson K, Faria R, Zagrodzka ZB, Westram AM, Galindo J, Rolán-Alvarez E, Butlin RK. 2025. Phenotypic divergence and genomic architecture between parallel ecotypes at two different points on the speciation continuum in a marine snail. Molecular Ecology. 34(21), e70025.","apa":"Raffini, F., De Jode, A., Johannesson, K., Faria, R., Zagrodzka, Z. B., Westram, A. M., … Butlin, R. K. (2025). Phenotypic divergence and genomic architecture between parallel ecotypes at two different points on the speciation continuum in a marine snail. Molecular Ecology. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.70025","ieee":"F. Raffini et al., “Phenotypic divergence and genomic architecture between parallel ecotypes at two different points on the speciation continuum in a marine snail,” Molecular Ecology, vol. 34, no. 21. Wiley, 2025.","mla":"Raffini, Francesca, et al. “Phenotypic Divergence and Genomic Architecture between Parallel Ecotypes at Two Different Points on the Speciation Continuum in a Marine Snail.” Molecular Ecology, vol. 34, no. 21, e70025, Wiley, 2025, doi:10.1111/mec.70025.","short":"F. Raffini, A. De Jode, K. Johannesson, R. Faria, Z.B. Zagrodzka, A.M. Westram, J. Galindo, E. Rolán-Alvarez, R.K. Butlin, Molecular Ecology 34 (2025).","chicago":"Raffini, Francesca, Aurélien De Jode, Kerstin Johannesson, Rui Faria, Zuzanna B. Zagrodzka, Anja M Westram, Juan Galindo, Emilio Rolán-Alvarez, and Roger K. Butlin. “Phenotypic Divergence and Genomic Architecture between Parallel Ecotypes at Two Different Points on the Speciation Continuum in a Marine Snail.” Molecular Ecology. Wiley, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.70025."}}]