---
_id: '3785'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Most fisheries involving spiny lobsters of the genus Palinurus have been over
    exploited during the last decades, so there is a raising concern about management
    decisions for these valuable resources. A total of 13 microsatellite DNA loci
    recently developed in Palinurus elephas were  assayed  in  order  to  assess  genetic  diversity  levels  in  every  known  species  of  the  genus.  Microsatellite  markers  gave
    amplifications  and  showed  polymorphism  in  all  species,  with  gene  diversity  values  varying  from  0.65060.077  SD  (Palinurus
    barbarae) to 0.79260.051 SD (Palinurus elephas). Most importantly, when depth
    distribution was taken into account, shallower waters pecies consistently showed
    larger historical effective population sizes than their deeper-water counterparts.  This
    could explain why deeper-water species are more sensitive to overfishing, and
    would indicate that overexploitation may have a larger impact on their long-term
    genetic diversity.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Ferran
  full_name: Palero, Ferran
  id: 3F0E2A22-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Palero
  orcid: 0000-0002-0343-8329
- first_name: Pere
  full_name: Abello, Pere
  last_name: Abello
- first_name: E.
  full_name: Macpherson, E.
  last_name: Macpherson
- first_name: C.
  full_name: Matthee, C.
  last_name: Matthee
- first_name: Marta
  full_name: Pascual, Marta
  last_name: Pascual
citation:
  ama: 'Palero F, Abello P, Macpherson E, Matthee C, Pascual M. Genetic diversity
    levels in fishery-exploited spiny lobsters of the Genus Palinurus (Decapoda: Achelata).
    <i>Journal of Crustacean Biology</i>. 2010;30(4):658-663. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1651/09-3192.1">10.1651/09-3192.1</a>'
  apa: 'Palero, F., Abello, P., Macpherson, E., Matthee, C., &#38; Pascual, M. (2010).
    Genetic diversity levels in fishery-exploited spiny lobsters of the Genus Palinurus
    (Decapoda: Achelata). <i>Journal of Crustacean Biology</i>. Oxford University
    Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1651/09-3192.1">https://doi.org/10.1651/09-3192.1</a>'
  chicago: 'Palero, Ferran, Pere Abello, E. Macpherson, C. Matthee, and Marta Pascual.
    “Genetic Diversity Levels in Fishery-Exploited Spiny Lobsters of the Genus Palinurus
    (Decapoda: Achelata).” <i>Journal of Crustacean Biology</i>. Oxford University
    Press, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1651/09-3192.1">https://doi.org/10.1651/09-3192.1</a>.'
  ieee: 'F. Palero, P. Abello, E. Macpherson, C. Matthee, and M. Pascual, “Genetic
    diversity levels in fishery-exploited spiny lobsters of the Genus Palinurus (Decapoda:
    Achelata),” <i>Journal of Crustacean Biology</i>, vol. 30, no. 4. Oxford University
    Press, pp. 658–663, 2010.'
  ista: 'Palero F, Abello P, Macpherson E, Matthee C, Pascual M. 2010. Genetic diversity
    levels in fishery-exploited spiny lobsters of the Genus Palinurus (Decapoda: Achelata).
    Journal of Crustacean Biology. 30(4), 658–663.'
  mla: 'Palero, Ferran, et al. “Genetic Diversity Levels in Fishery-Exploited Spiny
    Lobsters of the Genus Palinurus (Decapoda: Achelata).” <i>Journal of Crustacean
    Biology</i>, vol. 30, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2010, pp. 658–63, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1651/09-3192.1">10.1651/09-3192.1</a>.'
  short: F. Palero, P. Abello, E. Macpherson, C. Matthee, M. Pascual, Journal of Crustacean
    Biology 30 (2010) 658–663.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:05:09Z
date_published: 2010-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T09:41:44Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1651/09-3192.1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000284514100015'
intvolume: '        30'
isi: 1
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 658 - 663
publication: Journal of Crustacean Biology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1937-240X
  issn:
  - 0278-0372
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
publist_id: '2442'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Genetic diversity levels in fishery-exploited spiny lobsters of the Genus
  Palinurus (Decapoda: Achelata)'
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 30
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '3786'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Four rare palinurid phyllosoma larvae, one mid-stage and three final stage,
    were found among the unclassified collections in the Crustacea Section, Natural
    History Museum, London. Detailed morphological analysis of the larvae indicated
    that they belong to several Palinustus species given the presence of incipient
    blunt-horns, length of antennula, length ratio of segments of antennular peduncle,
    distribution of pereiopod spines, and shape of uropods and telson. Moreover, the
    size of the final-stage larvae agrees with that expected given the size of the
    recently described puerulus stage of Palinustus mossambicus. This constitutes
    the first description of a complete phyllosoma assigned to Palinustus species.
    The phyllosoma described in the present study include the largest Palinuridae
    larva ever found.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Ferran
  full_name: Palero, Ferran
  id: 3F0E2A22-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Palero
  orcid: 0000-0002-0343-8329
- first_name: Guillermo
  full_name: Guerao, Guillermo
  last_name: Guerao
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Clark, Paul
  last_name: Clark
- first_name: Pere
  full_name: Abello, Pere
  last_name: Abello
citation:
  ama: 'Palero F, Guerao G, Clark P, Abello P. Final-stage phyllosoma of Palinustus
    A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Achelata: Palinuridae)-The first
    complete description. <i>Zootaxa</i>. 2010;2403(1):42-58. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2403.1.4">10.11646/zootaxa.2403.1.4</a>'
  apa: 'Palero, F., Guerao, G., Clark, P., &#38; Abello, P. (2010). Final-stage phyllosoma
    of Palinustus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Achelata: Palinuridae)-The
    first complete description. <i>Zootaxa</i>. Magnolia Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2403.1.4">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2403.1.4</a>'
  chicago: 'Palero, Ferran, Guillermo Guerao, Paul Clark, and Pere Abello. “Final-Stage
    Phyllosoma of Palinustus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Achelata:
    Palinuridae)-The First Complete Description.” <i>Zootaxa</i>. Magnolia Press,
    2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2403.1.4">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2403.1.4</a>.'
  ieee: 'F. Palero, G. Guerao, P. Clark, and P. Abello, “Final-stage phyllosoma of
    Palinustus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Achelata: Palinuridae)-The
    first complete description,” <i>Zootaxa</i>, vol. 2403, no. 1. Magnolia Press,
    pp. 42–58, 2010.'
  ista: 'Palero F, Guerao G, Clark P, Abello P. 2010. Final-stage phyllosoma of Palinustus
    A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Achelata: Palinuridae)-The first
    complete description. Zootaxa. 2403(1), 42–58.'
  mla: 'Palero, Ferran, et al. “Final-Stage Phyllosoma of Palinustus A. Milne-Edwards,
    1880 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Achelata: Palinuridae)-The First Complete Description.”
    <i>Zootaxa</i>, vol. 2403, no. 1, Magnolia Press, 2010, pp. 42–58, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2403.1.4">10.11646/zootaxa.2403.1.4</a>.'
  short: F. Palero, G. Guerao, P. Clark, P. Abello, Zootaxa 2403 (2010) 42–58.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:05:10Z
date_published: 2010-03-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-21T08:22:58Z
day: '19'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.2403.1.4
intvolume: '      2403'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 42 - 58
publication: Zootaxa
publication_status: published
publisher: Magnolia Press
publist_id: '2441'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Final-stage phyllosoma of Palinustus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (Crustacea: Decapoda:
  Achelata: Palinuridae)-The first complete description'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 2403
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '3787'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: DNA samples were extracted from ethanol and formalin-fixed decapod crustacean
    tissue using a new method based on Tetramethylsilane (TMS)-Chelex. It is shown
    that neither an indigestible matrix of cross-linked protein nor soluble PCR inhibitors
    impede PCR success when dealing with formalin-fixed material. Instead, amplification
    success from formalin-fixed tissue appears to depend on the presence of unmodified
    DNA in the extracted sample. A staining method that facilitates the targeting
    of samples with a high content of unmodified DNA is provided.
acknowledgement: "The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their
  remarks, which helped to improve the manuscript. This project was supported by the
  Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning Network of Excellence MarBEF (Contract
  no. GOCE-CT-2003-505446) of the 6th European Framework Programme(FP6), the Zoology
  Research Fund, Department of Zoology, NHM, London, a Research Grant from the Royal
  Society to S.T., and a pre-doctoral fellowship awarded by the Autonomous Government
  of Catalonia to F.P.(2006FIC-00082). This research received support from the SYNTHESYS
  Project http://www.synthesys. info/ which is financed by European Community Research
  Infrastructure Action under the FP6 “Structuring the European Research Area” Programme.
  Many thanks are due to J. Fortuño for suggesting TMS as an alternative to critical
  point drying, P.Crabb for helping with the UV-light photography setting and our
  colleagues/friends in the Whale Basement Molecular Laboratories, Department of Zoology
  NHM \r\n\r\n"
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Ferran
  full_name: Palero, Ferran
  id: 3F0E2A22-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Palero
  orcid: 0000-0002-0343-8329
- first_name: Sally
  full_name: Hall, Sally
  last_name: Hall
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Clark, Paul
  last_name: Clark
- first_name: David
  full_name: Johnston, David
  last_name: Johnston
- first_name: Jackie
  full_name: Mackenzie Dodds, Jackie
  last_name: Mackenzie Dodds
- first_name: Sven
  full_name: Thatje, Sven
  last_name: Thatje
citation:
  ama: 'Palero F, Hall S, Clark P, Johnston D, Mackenzie Dodds J, Thatje S. DNA extraction
    from formalin-fixed tissue: new light from the deep sea. <i>Scientia Marina</i>.
    2010;74(3):465-470. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2010.74n3465">10.3989/scimar.2010.74n3465</a>'
  apa: 'Palero, F., Hall, S., Clark, P., Johnston, D., Mackenzie Dodds, J., &#38;
    Thatje, S. (2010). DNA extraction from formalin-fixed tissue: new light from the
    deep sea. <i>Scientia Marina</i>. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2010.74n3465">https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2010.74n3465</a>'
  chicago: 'Palero, Ferran, Sally Hall, Paul Clark, David Johnston, Jackie Mackenzie
    Dodds, and Sven Thatje. “DNA Extraction from Formalin-Fixed Tissue: New Light
    from the Deep Sea.” <i>Scientia Marina</i>. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
    Científicas, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2010.74n3465">https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2010.74n3465</a>.'
  ieee: 'F. Palero, S. Hall, P. Clark, D. Johnston, J. Mackenzie Dodds, and S. Thatje,
    “DNA extraction from formalin-fixed tissue: new light from the deep sea,” <i>Scientia
    Marina</i>, vol. 74, no. 3. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, pp.
    465–470, 2010.'
  ista: 'Palero F, Hall S, Clark P, Johnston D, Mackenzie Dodds J, Thatje S. 2010.
    DNA extraction from formalin-fixed tissue: new light from the deep sea. Scientia
    Marina. 74(3), 465–470.'
  mla: 'Palero, Ferran, et al. “DNA Extraction from Formalin-Fixed Tissue: New Light
    from the Deep Sea.” <i>Scientia Marina</i>, vol. 74, no. 3, Consejo Superior de
    Investigaciones Científicas, 2010, pp. 465–70, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2010.74n3465">10.3989/scimar.2010.74n3465</a>.'
  short: F. Palero, S. Hall, P. Clark, D. Johnston, J. Mackenzie Dodds, S. Thatje,
    Scientia Marina 74 (2010) 465–470.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:05:10Z
date_published: 2010-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T09:41:18Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.3989/scimar.2010.74n3465
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000280917100005'
intvolume: '        74'
isi: 1
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/68731/
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 465 - 470
publication: Scientia Marina
publication_status: published
publisher: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
publist_id: '2440'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'DNA extraction from formalin-fixed tissue: new light from the deep sea'
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 74
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '4134'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'All species are restricted in their distribution. Currently, ecological models
    can only explain such limits if patches vary in quality, leading to asymmetrical
    dispersal, or if genetic variation is too low at the margins for adaptation. However,
    population genetic models suggest that the increase in genetic variance resulting
    from dispersal should allow adaptation to almost any ecological gradient. Clearly
    therefore, these models miss something that prevents evolution in natural populations.
    We developed an individual-based simulation to explore stochastic effects in these
    models. At high carrying capacities, our simulations largely agree with deterministic
    predictions. However, when carrying capacity is low, the population fails to establish
    for a wide range of parameter values where adaptation was expected from previous
    models. Stochastic or transient effects appear critical around the boundaries
    in parameter space between simulation behaviours. Dispersal, gradient steepness,
    and population density emerge as key factors determining adaptation on an ecological
    gradient. '
acknowledgement: We are very grateful to Nick Barton.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Jon
  full_name: Bridle, Jon
  last_name: Bridle
- first_name: Jitka
  full_name: Polechova, Jitka
  id: 3BBFB084-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Polechova
  orcid: 0000-0003-0951-3112
- first_name: Masakado
  full_name: Kawata, Masakado
  last_name: Kawata
- first_name: Roger
  full_name: Butlin, Roger
  last_name: Butlin
citation:
  ama: Bridle J, Polechova J, Kawata M, Butlin R. Why is adaptation prevented at ecological
    margins? New insights from individual-based simulations. <i>Ecology Letters</i>.
    2010;13(4):485-494. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01442.x">10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01442.x</a>
  apa: Bridle, J., Polechova, J., Kawata, M., &#38; Butlin, R. (2010). Why is adaptation
    prevented at ecological margins? New insights from individual-based simulations.
    <i>Ecology Letters</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01442.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01442.x</a>
  chicago: Bridle, Jon, Jitka Polechova, Masakado Kawata, and Roger Butlin. “Why Is
    Adaptation Prevented at Ecological Margins? New Insights from Individual-Based
    Simulations.” <i>Ecology Letters</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01442.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01442.x</a>.
  ieee: J. Bridle, J. Polechova, M. Kawata, and R. Butlin, “Why is adaptation prevented
    at ecological margins? New insights from individual-based simulations,” <i>Ecology
    Letters</i>, vol. 13, no. 4. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 485–494, 2010.
  ista: Bridle J, Polechova J, Kawata M, Butlin R. 2010. Why is adaptation prevented
    at ecological margins? New insights from individual-based simulations. Ecology
    Letters. 13(4), 485–494.
  mla: Bridle, Jon, et al. “Why Is Adaptation Prevented at Ecological Margins? New
    Insights from Individual-Based Simulations.” <i>Ecology Letters</i>, vol. 13,
    no. 4, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, pp. 485–94, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01442.x">10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01442.x</a>.
  short: J. Bridle, J. Polechova, M. Kawata, R. Butlin, Ecology Letters 13 (2010)
    485–494.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:08Z
date_published: 2010-03-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T09:29:55Z
day: '15'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01442.x
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000275635400008'
intvolume: '        13'
isi: 1
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 485 - 494
project:
- _id: 25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '291734'
  name: International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme
publication: Ecology Letters
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '1987'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Why is adaptation prevented at ecological margins? New insights from individual-based
  simulations
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 13
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '4243'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We investigate a new model for populations evolving in a spatial continuum.
    This model can be thought of as a spatial version of the Lambda-Fleming-Viot process.
    It explicitly incorporates both small scale reproduction events and large scale
    extinction-recolonisation events. The lineages ancestral to a sample from a population
    evolving according to this model can be described in terms of a spatial version
    of the Lambda-coalescent. Using a technique of Evans (1997), we prove existence
    and uniqueness in law for the model. We then investigate the asymptotic behaviour
    of the genealogy of a finite number of individuals sampled uniformly at random
    (or more generally `far enough apart') from a two-dimensional torus of sidelength
    L as L tends to infinity. Under appropriate conditions (and on a suitable timescale)
    we can obtain as limiting genealogical processes a Kingman coalescent, a more
    general Lambda-coalescent or a system of coalescing Brownian motions (with a non-local
    coalescence mechanism).
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Alison
  full_name: Etheridge, Alison
  last_name: Etheridge
- first_name: Amandine
  full_name: Véber, Amandine
  last_name: Véber
citation:
  ama: Barton NH, Etheridge A, Véber A. A new model for evolution in a spatial continuum.
    <i>Electronic Journal of Probability</i>. 2010;15(7):162-216. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1214/EJP.v15-741">10.1214/EJP.v15-741</a>
  apa: Barton, N. H., Etheridge, A., &#38; Véber, A. (2010). A new model for evolution
    in a spatial continuum. <i>Electronic Journal of Probability</i>. Institute of
    Mathematical Statistics. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1214/EJP.v15-741">https://doi.org/10.1214/EJP.v15-741</a>
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, Alison Etheridge, and Amandine Véber. “A New Model
    for Evolution in a Spatial Continuum.” <i>Electronic Journal of Probability</i>.
    Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1214/EJP.v15-741">https://doi.org/10.1214/EJP.v15-741</a>.
  ieee: N. H. Barton, A. Etheridge, and A. Véber, “A new model for evolution in a
    spatial continuum,” <i>Electronic Journal of Probability</i>, vol. 15, no. 7.
    Institute of Mathematical Statistics, pp. 162–216, 2010.
  ista: Barton NH, Etheridge A, Véber A. 2010. A new model for evolution in a spatial
    continuum. Electronic Journal of Probability. 15(7), 162–216.
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H., et al. “A New Model for Evolution in a Spatial Continuum.”
    <i>Electronic Journal of Probability</i>, vol. 15, no. 7, Institute of Mathematical
    Statistics, 2010, pp. 162–216, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1214/EJP.v15-741">10.1214/EJP.v15-741</a>.
  short: N.H. Barton, A. Etheridge, A. Véber, Electronic Journal of Probability 15
    (2010) 162–216.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:48Z
date_published: 2010-02-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T09:28:54Z
day: '03'
ddc:
- '576'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1214/EJP.v15-741
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000274822400001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: bab577546dd4e8f882e9a9dd645cd01e
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: system
  date_created: 2018-12-12T10:15:21Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:26Z
  file_id: '5140'
  file_name: IST-2015-369-v1+1_741-2535-1-PB.pdf
  file_size: 450171
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:26Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        15'
isi: 1
issue: '7'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 162 - 216
publication: Electronic Journal of Probability
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Mathematical Statistics
publist_id: '1863'
pubrep_id: '369'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A new model for evolution in a spatial continuum
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 15
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '3675'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Sex and recombination have long been seen as adaptations that facilitate
    natural selection by generating favorable variations. If recombination is to aid
    selection, there must be negative linkage disequilibria—favorable alleles must
    be found together less often than expected by chance. These negative linkage disequilibria
    can be generated directly by selection, but this must involve negative epistasis
    of just the right strength, which is not expected, from either experiment or theory.
    Random drift provides a more general source of negative associations: Favorable
    mutations almost always arise on different genomes, and negative associations
    tend to persist, precisely because they shield variation from selection.\r\n\r\nWe
    can understand how recombination aids adaptation by determining the maximum possible
    rate of adaptation. With unlinked loci, this rate increases only logarithmically
    with the influx of favorable mutations. With a linear genome, a scaling argument
    shows that in a large population, the rate of adaptive substitution depends only
    on the expected rate in the absence of interference, divided by the total rate
    of recombination. A two-locus approximation predicts an upper bound on the rate
    of substitution, proportional to recombination rate.\r\n\r\nIf associations between
    linked loci do impede adaptation, there can be substantial selection for modifiers
    that increase recombination. Whether this can account for the maintenance of high
    rates of sex and recombination depends on the extent of selection. It is clear
    that the rate of species-wide substitutions is typically far too low to generate
    appreciable selection for recombination. However, local sweeps within a subdivided
    population may be effective."
acknowledgement: Royal Society and the Engineering and Physical Sciences for support
  (GR/ T11753/01)
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: 'Barton NH. Why sex and recombination? In: <i>Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on
    Quantitative Biology</i>. Vol 74. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2009:187-195.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2009.74.030">10.1101/sqb.2009.74.030</a>'
  apa: Barton, N. H. (2009). Why sex and recombination? In <i>Cold Spring Harbor Symposia
    on Quantitative Biology</i> (Vol. 74, pp. 187–195). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2009.74.030">https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2009.74.030</a>
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “Why Sex and Recombination?” In <i>Cold Spring Harbor
    Symposia on Quantitative Biology</i>, 74:187–95. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Press, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2009.74.030">https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2009.74.030</a>.
  ieee: N. H. Barton, “Why sex and recombination?,” in <i>Cold Spring Harbor Symposia
    on Quantitative Biology</i>, vol. 74, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2009,
    pp. 187–195.
  ista: 'Barton NH. 2009.Why sex and recombination? In: Cold Spring Harbor Symposia
    on Quantitative Biology. vol. 74, 187–195.'
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “Why Sex and Recombination?” <i>Cold Spring Harbor Symposia
    on Quantitative Biology</i>, vol. 74, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2009,
    pp. 187–95, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2009.74.030">10.1101/sqb.2009.74.030</a>.
  short: N.H. Barton, in:, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Cold
    Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2009, pp. 187–195.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:33Z
date_published: 2009-11-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T09:56:29Z
day: '10'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1101/sqb.2009.74.030
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000578380600022'
intvolume: '        74'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 187 - 195
publication: Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
publist_id: '2708'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Why sex and recombination?
type: book_chapter
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 74
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '3775'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: There is a close analogy between statistical thermodynamics and the evolution
    of allele frequencies under mutation, selection and random drift. Wright's formula
    for the stationary distribution of allele frequencies is analogous to the Boltzmann
    distribution in statistical physics. Population size, 2N, plays the role of the
    inverse temperature, 1/kT, and determines the magnitude of random fluctuations.
    Log mean fitness, View the MathML source, tends to increase under selection, and
    is analogous to a (negative) energy; a potential function, U, increases under
    mutation in a similar way. An entropy, SH, can be defined which measures the deviation
    from the distribution of allele frequencies expected under random drift alone;
    the sum View the MathML source gives a free fitness that increases as the population
    evolves towards its stationary distribution. Usually, we observe the distribution
    of a few quantitative traits that depend on the frequencies of very many alleles.
    The mean and variance of such traits are analogous to observable quantities in
    statistical thermodynamics. Thus, we can define an entropy, SΩ, which measures
    the volume of allele frequency space that is consistent with the observed trait
    distribution. The stationary distribution of the traits is View the MathML source;
    this applies with arbitrary epistasis and dominance. The entropies SΩ, SH are
    distinct, but converge when there are so many alleles that traits fluctuate close
    to their expectations. Populations tend to evolve towards states that can be realised
    in many ways (i.e., large SΩ), which may lead to a substantial drop below the
    adaptive peak; we illustrate this point with a simple model of genetic redundancy.
    This analogy with statistical thermodynamics brings together previous ideas in
    a general framework, and justifies a maximum entropy approximation to the dynamics
    of quantitative traits.
acknowledgement: "This work was supported by a Royal Society/Wolfson Award, and by
  grants EP/T11753/01, EP/C546318/01 from the EPSRC.\r\nWe are grateful to M. Cates,
  H.P. de Vladar and G. Sella, and to two anonymous referees, for their helpful comments."
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Jason
  full_name: Coe, Jason
  last_name: Coe
citation:
  ama: Barton NH, Coe J. On the application of statistical physics to evolutionary
    biology. <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>. 2009;259(2):317-324. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.03.019">10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.03.019</a>
  apa: Barton, N. H., &#38; Coe, J. (2009). On the application of statistical physics
    to evolutionary biology. <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.03.019">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.03.019</a>
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, and Jason Coe. “On the Application of Statistical Physics
    to Evolutionary Biology.” <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>. Elsevier, 2009.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.03.019">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.03.019</a>.
  ieee: N. H. Barton and J. Coe, “On the application of statistical physics to evolutionary
    biology,” <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>, vol. 259, no. 2. Elsevier, pp.
    317–324, 2009.
  ista: Barton NH, Coe J. 2009. On the application of statistical physics to evolutionary
    biology. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 259(2), 317–324.
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H., and Jason Coe. “On the Application of Statistical Physics
    to Evolutionary Biology.” <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>, vol. 259, no.
    2, Elsevier, 2009, pp. 317–24, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.03.019">10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.03.019</a>.
  short: N.H. Barton, J. Coe, Journal of Theoretical Biology 259 (2009) 317–324.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:05:06Z
date_published: 2009-07-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T09:56:01Z
day: '21'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.03.019
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000267176100013'
intvolume: '       259'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00554594/document
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 317 - 324
publication: Journal of Theoretical Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '2452'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: On the application of statistical physics to evolutionary biology
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 259
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '3780'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Why are sinistral snails so rare? Two main hypotheses are that selection acts
    against the establishment of new coiling morphs, because dextral and sinistral
    snails have trouble mating, or else a developmental constraint prevents the establishment
    of sinistrals. We therefore used an isolate of the snail Lymnaea stagnalis, in
    which sinistrals are rare, and populations of Partula suturalis, in which sinistrals
    are common, as well as a mathematical model, to understand the circumstances by
    which new morphs evolve. The main finding is that the sinistral genotype is associated
    with reduced egg viability in L. stagnalis, but in P. suturalis individuals of
    sinistral and dextral genotype appear equally fecund, implying a lack of a constraint.
    As positive frequency-dependent selection against the rare chiral morph in P.
    suturalis also operates over a narrow range (&lt; 3%), the results suggest a model
    for chiral evolution in snails in which weak positive frequency-dependent selection
    may be overcome by a negative frequency-dependent selection, such as reproductive
    character displacement. In snails, there is not always a developmental constraint.
    As the direction of cleavage, and thus the directional asymmetry of the entire
    body, does not generally vary in other Spiralia (annelids, echiurans, vestimentiferans,
    sipunculids and nemerteans), it remains an open question as to whether this is
    because of a constraint and/or because most taxa do not have a conspicuous external
    asymmetry (like a shell) upon which selection can act.
acknowledgement: We owe a great debt to Jim Murray for his many contributions to the
  study of Partula, in the field, in the laboratory, in the interpretation of data,
  and in generating new ideas about evolution. With pleasure and respect we dedicate
  this paper to him. Jim Murray played a leading role in making the collections used
  here. We are very grateful also to Ann Clarke and Elizabeth Murray for help with
  collecting, to Lorna Stewart for snail dissections, to Joris Koene for the gift
  of snails, to Natasha Constant for entering the data, and Takahiro Asami, Edmund
  Gittenberger and Gerhard Falkner for establishing the sinistral stock of L. stagnalis.
  Comments from an anonymous referee, A. Richard Palmer and the editorial board improved
  the manuscript. Work in the field was supported by the Royal Society, The Carnegie
  Trust, the Percy Sladen Trust and the National Science Foundation. The Science Research
  Council (B/SR/4144), the National Science Foundation (GB-4188), the Royal Society
  and the University of Nottingham supported work in the laboratory.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Angus
  full_name: Davison, Angus
  last_name: Davison
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Bryan
  full_name: Clarke, Bryan
  last_name: Clarke
citation:
  ama: 'Davison A, Barton NH, Clarke B. The effect of chirality phenotype and genotype
    on the fecundity and viability of Partula suturalis and Lymnaea stagnalis: Implications
    for the evolution of sinistral snails. <i>Journal of Evolutionary Biology</i>.
    2009;22(8):1624-1635. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01770.x">10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01770.x</a>'
  apa: 'Davison, A., Barton, N. H., &#38; Clarke, B. (2009). The effect of chirality
    phenotype and genotype on the fecundity and viability of Partula suturalis and
    Lymnaea stagnalis: Implications for the evolution of sinistral snails. <i>Journal
    of Evolutionary Biology</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01770.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01770.x</a>'
  chicago: 'Davison, Angus, Nicholas H Barton, and Bryan Clarke. “The Effect of Chirality
    Phenotype and Genotype on the Fecundity and Viability of Partula Suturalis and
    Lymnaea Stagnalis: Implications for the Evolution of Sinistral Snails.” <i>Journal
    of Evolutionary Biology</i>. Wiley, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01770.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01770.x</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. Davison, N. H. Barton, and B. Clarke, “The effect of chirality phenotype
    and genotype on the fecundity and viability of Partula suturalis and Lymnaea stagnalis:
    Implications for the evolution of sinistral snails,” <i>Journal of Evolutionary
    Biology</i>, vol. 22, no. 8. Wiley, pp. 1624–1635, 2009.'
  ista: 'Davison A, Barton NH, Clarke B. 2009. The effect of chirality phenotype and
    genotype on the fecundity and viability of Partula suturalis and Lymnaea stagnalis:
    Implications for the evolution of sinistral snails. Journal of Evolutionary Biology.
    22(8), 1624–1635.'
  mla: 'Davison, Angus, et al. “The Effect of Chirality Phenotype and Genotype on
    the Fecundity and Viability of Partula Suturalis and Lymnaea Stagnalis: Implications
    for the Evolution of Sinistral Snails.” <i>Journal of Evolutionary Biology</i>,
    vol. 22, no. 8, Wiley, 2009, pp. 1624–35, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01770.x">10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01770.x</a>.'
  short: A. Davison, N.H. Barton, B. Clarke, Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22 (2009)
    1624–1635.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:05:08Z
date_published: 2009-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T09:55:32Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01770.x
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000268029800006'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: f70c15c6ab9306121d4153a3be0d2346
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2019-02-22T09:21:44Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:15Z
  file_id: '6044'
  file_name: Davison_JEB_v31_2009.pdf
  file_size: 2583812
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:15Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        22'
isi: 1
issue: '8'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 1624 - 1635
publication: Journal of Evolutionary Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
publist_id: '2447'
pubrep_id: '553'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The effect of chirality phenotype and genotype on the fecundity and viability
  of Partula suturalis and Lymnaea stagnalis: Implications for the evolution of sinistral
  snails'
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 22
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '4136'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Populations living in a spatially and temporally changing environment can
    adapt to the changing optimum and/or migrate toward favorable habitats. Here we
    extend previous analyses with a static optimum to allow the environment to vary
    in time as well as in space. The model follows both population dynamics and the
    trait mean under stabilizing selection, and the outcomes can be understood by
    comparing the loads due to genetic variance, dispersal, and temporal change. With
    fixed genetic variance, we obtain two regimes: (1) adaptation that is uniform
    along the environmental gradient and that responds to the moving optimum as expected
    for panmictic populations and when the spatial gradient is sufficiently steep,
    and (2) a population with limited range that adapts more slowly than the environmental
    optimum changes in both time and space; the population therefore becomes locally
    extinct and migrates toward suitable habitat. We also use a population‐genetic
    model with many loci to allow genetic variance to evolve, and we show that the
    only solution now has uniform adaptation.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jitka
  full_name: Polechova, Jitka
  id: 3BBFB084-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Polechova
  orcid: 0000-0003-0951-3112
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Glenn
  full_name: Marion, Glenn
  last_name: Marion
citation:
  ama: 'Polechova J, Barton NH, Marion G. Species’ range: Adaptation in space and
    time. <i>American Naturalist</i>. 2009;174(5):E186-E204. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/605958">10.1086/605958</a>'
  apa: 'Polechova, J., Barton, N. H., &#38; Marion, G. (2009). Species’ range: Adaptation
    in space and time. <i>American Naturalist</i>. University of Chicago Press. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1086/605958">https://doi.org/10.1086/605958</a>'
  chicago: 'Polechova, Jitka, Nicholas H Barton, and Glenn Marion. “Species’ Range:
    Adaptation in Space and Time.” <i>American Naturalist</i>. University of Chicago
    Press, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/605958">https://doi.org/10.1086/605958</a>.'
  ieee: 'J. Polechova, N. H. Barton, and G. Marion, “Species’ range: Adaptation in
    space and time,” <i>American Naturalist</i>, vol. 174, no. 5. University of Chicago
    Press, pp. E186–E204, 2009.'
  ista: 'Polechova J, Barton NH, Marion G. 2009. Species’ range: Adaptation in space
    and time. American Naturalist. 174(5), E186–E204.'
  mla: 'Polechova, Jitka, et al. “Species’ Range: Adaptation in Space and Time.” <i>American
    Naturalist</i>, vol. 174, no. 5, University of Chicago Press, 2009, pp. E186–204,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/605958">10.1086/605958</a>.'
  short: J. Polechova, N.H. Barton, G. Marion, American Naturalist 174 (2009) E186–E204.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:09Z
date_published: 2009-11-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T09:53:09Z
day: '05'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1086/605958
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000271021900002'
  pmid:
  - ' 19788353'
intvolume: '       174'
isi: 1
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.doi.org/10.1086/605958
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: E186 - E204
pmid: 1
publication: American Naturalist
publication_status: published
publisher: University of Chicago Press
publist_id: '1986'
pubrep_id: '552'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: erratum
    url: https://doi.org/10.1086/659642
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Species'' range: Adaptation in space and time'
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 174
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '4231'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The evolution of quantitative characters depends on the frequencies of the
    alleles involved, yet these frequencies cannot usually be measured. Previous groups
    have proposed an approximation to the dynamics of quantitative traits, based on
    an analogy with statistical mechanics. We present a modified version of that approach,
    which makes the analogy more precise and applies quite generally to describe the
    evolution of allele frequencies. We calculate explicitly how the macroscopic quantities
    (i.e., quantities that depend on the quantitative trait) depend on evolutionary
    forces, in a way that is independent of the microscopic details. We first show
    that the stationary distribution of allele frequencies under drift, selection,
    and mutation maximizes a certain measure of entropy, subject to constraints on
    the expectation of observable quantities. We then approximate the dynamical changes
    in these expectations, assuming that the distribution of allele frequencies always
    maximizes entropy, conditional on the expected values. When applied to directional
    selection on an additive trait, this gives a very good approximation to the evolution
    of the trait mean and the genetic variance, when the number of mutations per generation
    is sufficiently high (4Nμ &gt; 1). We show how the method can be modified for
    small mutation rates (4Nμ → 0). We outline how this method describes epistatic
    interactions as, for example, with stabilizing selection.
acknowledgement: "N.B. was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research
  Council (GR/T11753 and GR/T19537) and by the Royal Society.\r\nWe are grateful to
  Ellen Baake for helping to initiate this project and for her comments on this manuscript.
  We also thank Michael Turelli for his comments on the manuscript and I. Pen for
  discussions and support in this project. This project was a result of a collaboration
  supported by the European Science Foundation grant “Integrating population genetics
  and conservation biology.” "
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Harold
  full_name: De Vladar, Harold
  last_name: De Vladar
citation:
  ama: Barton NH, De Vladar H. Statistical mechanics and the evolution of polygenic
    quantitative traits. <i>Genetics</i>. 2009;181(3):997-1011. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.099309">10.1534/genetics.108.099309</a>
  apa: Barton, N. H., &#38; De Vladar, H. (2009). Statistical mechanics and the evolution
    of polygenic quantitative traits. <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society of America.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.099309">https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.099309</a>
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, and Harold De Vladar. “Statistical Mechanics and the
    Evolution of Polygenic Quantitative Traits.” <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society
    of America, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.099309">https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.099309</a>.
  ieee: N. H. Barton and H. De Vladar, “Statistical mechanics and the evolution of
    polygenic quantitative traits,” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 181, no. 3. Genetics Society
    of America, pp. 997–1011, 2009.
  ista: Barton NH, De Vladar H. 2009. Statistical mechanics and the evolution of polygenic
    quantitative traits. Genetics. 181(3), 997–1011.
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H., and Harold De Vladar. “Statistical Mechanics and the Evolution
    of Polygenic Quantitative Traits.” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 181, no. 3, Genetics
    Society of America, 2009, pp. 997–1011, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.099309">10.1534/genetics.108.099309</a>.
  short: N.H. Barton, H. De Vladar, Genetics 181 (2009) 997–1011.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:44Z
date_published: 2009-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T09:52:35Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1534/genetics.108.099309
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000270213500018'
intvolume: '       181'
isi: 1
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 997 - 1011
publication: Genetics
publication_status: published
publisher: Genetics Society of America
publist_id: '1882'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Statistical mechanics and the evolution of polygenic quantitative traits
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 181
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '4242'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Felsenstein distinguished two ways by which selection can directly strengthen
    isolation. First, a modifier that strengthens prezygotic isolation can be favored
    everywhere. This fits with the traditional view of reinforcement as an adaptation
    to reduce deleterious hybridization by strengthening assortative mating. Second,
    selection can favor association between different incompatibilities, despite recombination.
    We generalize this “two allele” model to follow associations among any number
    of incompatibilities, which may include both assortment and hybrid inviability.
    Our key argument is that this process, of coupling between incompatibilities,
    may be quite different from the usual view of reinforcement: strong isolation
    can evolve through the coupling of any kind of incompatibility, whether prezygotic
    or postzygotic. Single locus incompatibilities become coupled because associations
    between them increase the variance in compatibility, which in turn increases mean
    fitness if there is positive epistasis. Multiple incompatibilities, each maintained
    by epistasis, can become coupled in the same way. In contrast, a single-locus
    incompatibility can become coupled with loci that reduce the viability of haploid
    hybrids because this reduces harmful recombination. We obtain simple approximations
    for the limits of tight linkage, and strong assortment, and show how assortment
    alleles can invade through associations with other components of reproductive
    isolation.'
acknowledgement: "This work was supported by a Royal Society/Wolfson Research Merit
  award, and by a grant from the Natural Environment Research Council.\r\nWe are very
  grateful for insightful comments from S. P. Otto, and for helpful suggestions from
  the referees and the Associate Editor, Maria Servedio."
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: De Cara, Maria
  last_name: De Cara
citation:
  ama: Barton NH, De Cara M. The evolution of strong reproductive isolation. <i>Evolution;
    International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>. 2009;63(5):1171-1190. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00622.x">10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00622.x</a>
  apa: Barton, N. H., &#38; De Cara, M. (2009). The evolution of strong reproductive
    isolation. <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>. Wiley.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00622.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00622.x</a>
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, and Maria De Cara. “The Evolution of Strong Reproductive
    Isolation.” <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>. Wiley,
    2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00622.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00622.x</a>.
  ieee: N. H. Barton and M. De Cara, “The evolution of strong reproductive isolation,”
    <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>, vol. 63, no. 5.
    Wiley, pp. 1171–1190, 2009.
  ista: Barton NH, De Cara M. 2009. The evolution of strong reproductive isolation.
    Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 63(5), 1171–1190.
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H., and Maria De Cara. “The Evolution of Strong Reproductive
    Isolation.” <i>Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>, vol.
    63, no. 5, Wiley, 2009, pp. 1171–90, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00622.x">10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00622.x</a>.
  short: N.H. Barton, M. De Cara, Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
    63 (2009) 1171–1190.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:48Z
date_published: 2009-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T09:52:11Z
day: '01'
ddc:
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department:
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doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00622.x
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---
_id: '517'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: comment
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: 'Barton NH. Identity and coalescence in structured populations: A commentary
    on “Inbreeding coefficients and coalescence times” by Montgomery Slatkin. <i>Genetics
    Research</i>. 2008;89(5-6):475-477. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672308009683">10.1017/S0016672308009683</a>'
  apa: 'Barton, N. H. (2008). Identity and coalescence in structured populations:
    A commentary on “Inbreeding coefficients and coalescence times” by Montgomery
    Slatkin. <i>Genetics Research</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672308009683">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672308009683</a>'
  chicago: 'Barton, Nicholas H. “Identity and Coalescence in Structured Populations:
    A Commentary on ‘Inbreeding Coefficients and Coalescence Times’ by Montgomery
    Slatkin.” <i>Genetics Research</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2008. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672308009683">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672308009683</a>.'
  ieee: 'N. H. Barton, “Identity and coalescence in structured populations: A commentary
    on ‘Inbreeding coefficients and coalescence times’ by Montgomery Slatkin,” <i>Genetics
    Research</i>, vol. 89, no. 5–6. Cambridge University Press, pp. 475–477, 2008.'
  ista: 'Barton NH. 2008. Identity and coalescence in structured populations: A commentary
    on ‘Inbreeding coefficients and coalescence times’ by Montgomery Slatkin. Genetics
    Research. 89(5–6), 475–477.'
  mla: 'Barton, Nicholas H. “Identity and Coalescence in Structured Populations: A
    Commentary on ‘Inbreeding Coefficients and Coalescence Times’ by Montgomery Slatkin.”
    <i>Genetics Research</i>, vol. 89, no. 5–6, Cambridge University Press, 2008,
    pp. 475–77, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672308009683">10.1017/S0016672308009683</a>.'
  short: N.H. Barton, Genetics Research 89 (2008) 475–477.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:46:55Z
date_published: 2008-10-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-29T07:15:43Z
day: '29'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1017/S0016672308009683
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publication: Genetics Research
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publisher: Cambridge University Press
publist_id: '7302'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Identity and coalescence in structured populations: A commentary on ''Inbreeding
  coefficients and coalescence times'' by Montgomery Slatkin'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 89
year: '2008'
...
