---
_id: '3675'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Sex and recombination have long been seen as adaptations that facilitate
natural selection by generating favorable variations. If recombination is to aid
selection, there must be negative linkage disequilibria—favorable alleles must
be found together less often than expected by chance. These negative linkage disequilibria
can be generated directly by selection, but this must involve negative epistasis
of just the right strength, which is not expected, from either experiment or theory.
Random drift provides a more general source of negative associations: Favorable
mutations almost always arise on different genomes, and negative associations
tend to persist, precisely because they shield variation from selection.\r\n\r\nWe
can understand how recombination aids adaptation by determining the maximum possible
rate of adaptation. With unlinked loci, this rate increases only logarithmically
with the influx of favorable mutations. With a linear genome, a scaling argument
shows that in a large population, the rate of adaptive substitution depends only
on the expected rate in the absence of interference, divided by the total rate
of recombination. A two-locus approximation predicts an upper bound on the rate
of substitution, proportional to recombination rate.\r\n\r\nIf associations between
linked loci do impede adaptation, there can be substantial selection for modifiers
that increase recombination. Whether this can account for the maintenance of high
rates of sex and recombination depends on the extent of selection. It is clear
that the rate of species-wide substitutions is typically far too low to generate
appreciable selection for recombination. However, local sweeps within a subdivided
population may be effective."
acknowledgement: Royal Society and the Engineering and Physical Sciences for support
(GR/ T11753/01)
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
ama: 'Barton NH. Why sex and recombination? In: Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on
Quantitative Biology. Vol 74. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2009:187-195.
doi:10.1101/sqb.2009.74.030'
apa: Barton, N. H. (2009). Why sex and recombination? In Cold Spring Harbor Symposia
on Quantitative Biology (Vol. 74, pp. 187–195). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Press. https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2009.74.030
chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “Why Sex and Recombination?” In Cold Spring Harbor
Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 74:187–95. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2009.74.030.
ieee: N. H. Barton, “Why sex and recombination?,” in Cold Spring Harbor Symposia
on Quantitative Biology, vol. 74, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2009,
pp. 187–195.
ista: 'Barton NH. 2009.Why sex and recombination? In: Cold Spring Harbor Symposia
on Quantitative Biology. vol. 74, 187–195.'
mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “Why Sex and Recombination?” Cold Spring Harbor Symposia
on Quantitative Biology, vol. 74, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2009,
pp. 187–95, doi:10.1101/sqb.2009.74.030.
short: N.H. Barton, in:, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Cold
Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2009, pp. 187–195.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:33Z
date_published: 2009-11-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T09:56:29Z
day: '10'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1101/sqb.2009.74.030
external_id:
isi:
- '000578380600022'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2009.74.030
intvolume: ' 74'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 187 - 195
publication: Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
publist_id: '2708'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Why sex and recombination?
type: book_chapter
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 74
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '3775'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: There is a close analogy between statistical thermodynamics and the evolution
of allele frequencies under mutation, selection and random drift. Wright's formula
for the stationary distribution of allele frequencies is analogous to the Boltzmann
distribution in statistical physics. Population size, 2N, plays the role of the
inverse temperature, 1/kT, and determines the magnitude of random fluctuations.
Log mean fitness, View the MathML source, tends to increase under selection, and
is analogous to a (negative) energy; a potential function, U, increases under
mutation in a similar way. An entropy, SH, can be defined which measures the deviation
from the distribution of allele frequencies expected under random drift alone;
the sum View the MathML source gives a free fitness that increases as the population
evolves towards its stationary distribution. Usually, we observe the distribution
of a few quantitative traits that depend on the frequencies of very many alleles.
The mean and variance of such traits are analogous to observable quantities in
statistical thermodynamics. Thus, we can define an entropy, SΩ, which measures
the volume of allele frequency space that is consistent with the observed trait
distribution. The stationary distribution of the traits is View the MathML source;
this applies with arbitrary epistasis and dominance. The entropies SΩ, SH are
distinct, but converge when there are so many alleles that traits fluctuate close
to their expectations. Populations tend to evolve towards states that can be realised
in many ways (i.e., large SΩ), which may lead to a substantial drop below the
adaptive peak; we illustrate this point with a simple model of genetic redundancy.
This analogy with statistical thermodynamics brings together previous ideas in
a general framework, and justifies a maximum entropy approximation to the dynamics
of quantitative traits.
acknowledgement: "This work was supported by a Royal Society/Wolfson Award, and by
grants EP/T11753/01, EP/C546318/01 from the EPSRC.\r\nWe are grateful to M. Cates,
H.P. de Vladar and G. Sella, and to two anonymous referees, for their helpful comments."
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Jason
full_name: Coe, Jason
last_name: Coe
citation:
ama: Barton NH, Coe J. On the application of statistical physics to evolutionary
biology. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2009;259(2):317-324. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.03.019
apa: Barton, N. H., & Coe, J. (2009). On the application of statistical physics
to evolutionary biology. Journal of Theoretical Biology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.03.019
chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, and Jason Coe. “On the Application of Statistical Physics
to Evolutionary Biology.” Journal of Theoretical Biology. Elsevier, 2009.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.03.019.
ieee: N. H. Barton and J. Coe, “On the application of statistical physics to evolutionary
biology,” Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol. 259, no. 2. Elsevier, pp.
317–324, 2009.
ista: Barton NH, Coe J. 2009. On the application of statistical physics to evolutionary
biology. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 259(2), 317–324.
mla: Barton, Nicholas H., and Jason Coe. “On the Application of Statistical Physics
to Evolutionary Biology.” Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol. 259, no.
2, Elsevier, 2009, pp. 317–24, doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.03.019.
short: N.H. Barton, J. Coe, Journal of Theoretical Biology 259 (2009) 317–324.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:05:06Z
date_published: 2009-07-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T09:56:01Z
day: '21'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.03.019
external_id:
isi:
- '000267176100013'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.03.019
intvolume: ' 259'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00554594/document
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 317 - 324
publication: Journal of Theoretical Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '2452'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: On the application of statistical physics to evolutionary biology
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 259
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '3780'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Why are sinistral snails so rare? Two main hypotheses are that selection acts
against the establishment of new coiling morphs, because dextral and sinistral
snails have trouble mating, or else a developmental constraint prevents the establishment
of sinistrals. We therefore used an isolate of the snail Lymnaea stagnalis, in
which sinistrals are rare, and populations of Partula suturalis, in which sinistrals
are common, as well as a mathematical model, to understand the circumstances by
which new morphs evolve. The main finding is that the sinistral genotype is associated
with reduced egg viability in L. stagnalis, but in P. suturalis individuals of
sinistral and dextral genotype appear equally fecund, implying a lack of a constraint.
As positive frequency-dependent selection against the rare chiral morph in P.
suturalis also operates over a narrow range (< 3%), the results suggest a model
for chiral evolution in snails in which weak positive frequency-dependent selection
may be overcome by a negative frequency-dependent selection, such as reproductive
character displacement. In snails, there is not always a developmental constraint.
As the direction of cleavage, and thus the directional asymmetry of the entire
body, does not generally vary in other Spiralia (annelids, echiurans, vestimentiferans,
sipunculids and nemerteans), it remains an open question as to whether this is
because of a constraint and/or because most taxa do not have a conspicuous external
asymmetry (like a shell) upon which selection can act.
acknowledgement: We owe a great debt to Jim Murray for his many contributions to the
study of Partula, in the field, in the laboratory, in the interpretation of data,
and in generating new ideas about evolution. With pleasure and respect we dedicate
this paper to him. Jim Murray played a leading role in making the collections used
here. We are very grateful also to Ann Clarke and Elizabeth Murray for help with
collecting, to Lorna Stewart for snail dissections, to Joris Koene for the gift
of snails, to Natasha Constant for entering the data, and Takahiro Asami, Edmund
Gittenberger and Gerhard Falkner for establishing the sinistral stock of L. stagnalis.
Comments from an anonymous referee, A. Richard Palmer and the editorial board improved
the manuscript. Work in the field was supported by the Royal Society, The Carnegie
Trust, the Percy Sladen Trust and the National Science Foundation. The Science Research
Council (B/SR/4144), the National Science Foundation (GB-4188), the Royal Society
and the University of Nottingham supported work in the laboratory.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Angus
full_name: Davison, Angus
last_name: Davison
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Bryan
full_name: Clarke, Bryan
last_name: Clarke
citation:
ama: 'Davison A, Barton NH, Clarke B. The effect of chirality phenotype and genotype
on the fecundity and viability of Partula suturalis and Lymnaea stagnalis: Implications
for the evolution of sinistral snails. Journal of Evolutionary Biology.
2009;22(8):1624-1635. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01770.x'
apa: 'Davison, A., Barton, N. H., & Clarke, B. (2009). The effect of chirality
phenotype and genotype on the fecundity and viability of Partula suturalis and
Lymnaea stagnalis: Implications for the evolution of sinistral snails. Journal
of Evolutionary Biology. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01770.x'
chicago: 'Davison, Angus, Nicholas H Barton, and Bryan Clarke. “The Effect of Chirality
Phenotype and Genotype on the Fecundity and Viability of Partula Suturalis and
Lymnaea Stagnalis: Implications for the Evolution of Sinistral Snails.” Journal
of Evolutionary Biology. Wiley, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01770.x.'
ieee: 'A. Davison, N. H. Barton, and B. Clarke, “The effect of chirality phenotype
and genotype on the fecundity and viability of Partula suturalis and Lymnaea stagnalis:
Implications for the evolution of sinistral snails,” Journal of Evolutionary
Biology, vol. 22, no. 8. Wiley, pp. 1624–1635, 2009.'
ista: 'Davison A, Barton NH, Clarke B. 2009. The effect of chirality phenotype and
genotype on the fecundity and viability of Partula suturalis and Lymnaea stagnalis:
Implications for the evolution of sinistral snails. Journal of Evolutionary Biology.
22(8), 1624–1635.'
mla: 'Davison, Angus, et al. “The Effect of Chirality Phenotype and Genotype on
the Fecundity and Viability of Partula Suturalis and Lymnaea Stagnalis: Implications
for the Evolution of Sinistral Snails.” Journal of Evolutionary Biology,
vol. 22, no. 8, Wiley, 2009, pp. 1624–35, doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01770.x.'
short: A. Davison, N.H. Barton, B. Clarke, Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22 (2009)
1624–1635.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:05:08Z
date_published: 2009-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T09:55:32Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01770.x
external_id:
isi:
- '000268029800006'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: f70c15c6ab9306121d4153a3be0d2346
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-02-22T09:21:44Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:15Z
file_id: '6044'
file_name: Davison_JEB_v31_2009.pdf
file_size: 2583812
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:15Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01770.x
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 22'
isi: 1
issue: '8'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 1624 - 1635
publication: Journal of Evolutionary Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
publist_id: '2447'
pubrep_id: '553'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The effect of chirality phenotype and genotype on the fecundity and viability
of Partula suturalis and Lymnaea stagnalis: Implications for the evolution of sinistral
snails'
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 22
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '4136'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Populations living in a spatially and temporally changing environment can
adapt to the changing optimum and/or migrate toward favorable habitats. Here we
extend previous analyses with a static optimum to allow the environment to vary
in time as well as in space. The model follows both population dynamics and the
trait mean under stabilizing selection, and the outcomes can be understood by
comparing the loads due to genetic variance, dispersal, and temporal change. With
fixed genetic variance, we obtain two regimes: (1) adaptation that is uniform
along the environmental gradient and that responds to the moving optimum as expected
for panmictic populations and when the spatial gradient is sufficiently steep,
and (2) a population with limited range that adapts more slowly than the environmental
optimum changes in both time and space; the population therefore becomes locally
extinct and migrates toward suitable habitat. We also use a population‐genetic
model with many loci to allow genetic variance to evolve, and we show that the
only solution now has uniform adaptation.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jitka
full_name: Polechova, Jitka
id: 3BBFB084-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Polechova
orcid: 0000-0003-0951-3112
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Glenn
full_name: Marion, Glenn
last_name: Marion
citation:
ama: 'Polechova J, Barton NH, Marion G. Species’ range: Adaptation in space and
time. American Naturalist. 2009;174(5):E186-E204. doi:10.1086/605958'
apa: 'Polechova, J., Barton, N. H., & Marion, G. (2009). Species’ range: Adaptation
in space and time. American Naturalist. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.1086/605958'
chicago: 'Polechova, Jitka, Nicholas H Barton, and Glenn Marion. “Species’ Range:
Adaptation in Space and Time.” American Naturalist. University of Chicago
Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1086/605958.'
ieee: 'J. Polechova, N. H. Barton, and G. Marion, “Species’ range: Adaptation in
space and time,” American Naturalist, vol. 174, no. 5. University of Chicago
Press, pp. E186–E204, 2009.'
ista: 'Polechova J, Barton NH, Marion G. 2009. Species’ range: Adaptation in space
and time. American Naturalist. 174(5), E186–E204.'
mla: 'Polechova, Jitka, et al. “Species’ Range: Adaptation in Space and Time.” American
Naturalist, vol. 174, no. 5, University of Chicago Press, 2009, pp. E186–204,
doi:10.1086/605958.'
short: J. Polechova, N.H. Barton, G. Marion, American Naturalist 174 (2009) E186–E204.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:09Z
date_published: 2009-11-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T09:53:09Z
day: '05'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1086/605958
external_id:
isi:
- '000271021900002'
pmid:
- ' 19788353'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1086/605958
intvolume: ' 174'
isi: 1
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.doi.org/10.1086/605958
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: E186 - E204
pmid: 1
publication: American Naturalist
publication_status: published
publisher: University of Chicago Press
publist_id: '1986'
pubrep_id: '552'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: erratum
url: https://doi.org/10.1086/659642
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Species'' range: Adaptation in space and time'
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 174
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '4231'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The evolution of quantitative characters depends on the frequencies of the
alleles involved, yet these frequencies cannot usually be measured. Previous groups
have proposed an approximation to the dynamics of quantitative traits, based on
an analogy with statistical mechanics. We present a modified version of that approach,
which makes the analogy more precise and applies quite generally to describe the
evolution of allele frequencies. We calculate explicitly how the macroscopic quantities
(i.e., quantities that depend on the quantitative trait) depend on evolutionary
forces, in a way that is independent of the microscopic details. We first show
that the stationary distribution of allele frequencies under drift, selection,
and mutation maximizes a certain measure of entropy, subject to constraints on
the expectation of observable quantities. We then approximate the dynamical changes
in these expectations, assuming that the distribution of allele frequencies always
maximizes entropy, conditional on the expected values. When applied to directional
selection on an additive trait, this gives a very good approximation to the evolution
of the trait mean and the genetic variance, when the number of mutations per generation
is sufficiently high (4Nμ > 1). We show how the method can be modified for
small mutation rates (4Nμ → 0). We outline how this method describes epistatic
interactions as, for example, with stabilizing selection.
acknowledgement: "N.B. was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research
Council (GR/T11753 and GR/T19537) and by the Royal Society.\r\nWe are grateful to
Ellen Baake for helping to initiate this project and for her comments on this manuscript.
We also thank Michael Turelli for his comments on the manuscript and I. Pen for
discussions and support in this project. This project was a result of a collaboration
supported by the European Science Foundation grant “Integrating population genetics
and conservation biology.” "
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Harold
full_name: De Vladar, Harold
last_name: De Vladar
citation:
ama: Barton NH, De Vladar H. Statistical mechanics and the evolution of polygenic
quantitative traits. Genetics. 2009;181(3):997-1011. doi:10.1534/genetics.108.099309
apa: Barton, N. H., & De Vladar, H. (2009). Statistical mechanics and the evolution
of polygenic quantitative traits. Genetics. Genetics Society of America.
https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.099309
chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, and Harold De Vladar. “Statistical Mechanics and the
Evolution of Polygenic Quantitative Traits.” Genetics. Genetics Society
of America, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.099309.
ieee: N. H. Barton and H. De Vladar, “Statistical mechanics and the evolution of
polygenic quantitative traits,” Genetics, vol. 181, no. 3. Genetics Society
of America, pp. 997–1011, 2009.
ista: Barton NH, De Vladar H. 2009. Statistical mechanics and the evolution of polygenic
quantitative traits. Genetics. 181(3), 997–1011.
mla: Barton, Nicholas H., and Harold De Vladar. “Statistical Mechanics and the Evolution
of Polygenic Quantitative Traits.” Genetics, vol. 181, no. 3, Genetics
Society of America, 2009, pp. 997–1011, doi:10.1534/genetics.108.099309.
short: N.H. Barton, H. De Vladar, Genetics 181 (2009) 997–1011.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:44Z
date_published: 2009-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T09:52:35Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1534/genetics.108.099309
external_id:
isi:
- '000270213500018'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.099309
intvolume: ' 181'
isi: 1
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 997 - 1011
publication: Genetics
publication_status: published
publisher: Genetics Society of America
publist_id: '1882'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Statistical mechanics and the evolution of polygenic quantitative traits
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 181
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '4242'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Felsenstein distinguished two ways by which selection can directly strengthen
isolation. First, a modifier that strengthens prezygotic isolation can be favored
everywhere. This fits with the traditional view of reinforcement as an adaptation
to reduce deleterious hybridization by strengthening assortative mating. Second,
selection can favor association between different incompatibilities, despite recombination.
We generalize this “two allele” model to follow associations among any number
of incompatibilities, which may include both assortment and hybrid inviability.
Our key argument is that this process, of coupling between incompatibilities,
may be quite different from the usual view of reinforcement: strong isolation
can evolve through the coupling of any kind of incompatibility, whether prezygotic
or postzygotic. Single locus incompatibilities become coupled because associations
between them increase the variance in compatibility, which in turn increases mean
fitness if there is positive epistasis. Multiple incompatibilities, each maintained
by epistasis, can become coupled in the same way. In contrast, a single-locus
incompatibility can become coupled with loci that reduce the viability of haploid
hybrids because this reduces harmful recombination. We obtain simple approximations
for the limits of tight linkage, and strong assortment, and show how assortment
alleles can invade through associations with other components of reproductive
isolation.'
acknowledgement: "This work was supported by a Royal Society/Wolfson Research Merit
award, and by a grant from the Natural Environment Research Council.\r\nWe are very
grateful for insightful comments from S. P. Otto, and for helpful suggestions from
the referees and the Associate Editor, Maria Servedio."
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Maria
full_name: De Cara, Maria
last_name: De Cara
citation:
ama: Barton NH, De Cara M. The evolution of strong reproductive isolation. Evolution;
International Journal of Organic Evolution. 2009;63(5):1171-1190. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00622.x
apa: Barton, N. H., & De Cara, M. (2009). The evolution of strong reproductive
isolation. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. Wiley.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00622.x
chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, and Maria De Cara. “The Evolution of Strong Reproductive
Isolation.” Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. Wiley,
2009. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00622.x.
ieee: N. H. Barton and M. De Cara, “The evolution of strong reproductive isolation,”
Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution, vol. 63, no. 5.
Wiley, pp. 1171–1190, 2009.
ista: Barton NH, De Cara M. 2009. The evolution of strong reproductive isolation.
Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 63(5), 1171–1190.
mla: Barton, Nicholas H., and Maria De Cara. “The Evolution of Strong Reproductive
Isolation.” Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution, vol.
63, no. 5, Wiley, 2009, pp. 1171–90, doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00622.x.
short: N.H. Barton, M. De Cara, Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
63 (2009) 1171–1190.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:48Z
date_published: 2009-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T09:52:11Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00622.x
external_id:
isi:
- '000265145800006'
file:
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fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00622.x
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isi: 1
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language:
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page: 1171 - 1190
publication: Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
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title: The evolution of strong reproductive isolation
type: journal_article
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...
---
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article_type: comment
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
ama: 'Barton NH. Identity and coalescence in structured populations: A commentary
on “Inbreeding coefficients and coalescence times” by Montgomery Slatkin. Genetics
Research. 2008;89(5-6):475-477. doi:10.1017/S0016672308009683'
apa: 'Barton, N. H. (2008). Identity and coalescence in structured populations:
A commentary on “Inbreeding coefficients and coalescence times” by Montgomery
Slatkin. Genetics Research. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672308009683'
chicago: 'Barton, Nicholas H. “Identity and Coalescence in Structured Populations:
A Commentary on ‘Inbreeding Coefficients and Coalescence Times’ by Montgomery
Slatkin.” Genetics Research. Cambridge University Press, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672308009683.'
ieee: 'N. H. Barton, “Identity and coalescence in structured populations: A commentary
on ‘Inbreeding coefficients and coalescence times’ by Montgomery Slatkin,” Genetics
Research, vol. 89, no. 5–6. Cambridge University Press, pp. 475–477, 2008.'
ista: 'Barton NH. 2008. Identity and coalescence in structured populations: A commentary
on ‘Inbreeding coefficients and coalescence times’ by Montgomery Slatkin. Genetics
Research. 89(5–6), 475–477.'
mla: 'Barton, Nicholas H. “Identity and Coalescence in Structured Populations: A
Commentary on ‘Inbreeding Coefficients and Coalescence Times’ by Montgomery Slatkin.”
Genetics Research, vol. 89, no. 5–6, Cambridge University Press, 2008,
pp. 475–77, doi:10.1017/S0016672308009683.'
short: N.H. Barton, Genetics Research 89 (2008) 475–477.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:46:55Z
date_published: 2008-10-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-29T07:15:43Z
day: '29'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1017/S0016672308009683
external_id:
isi:
- '000207048900023'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672308009683
intvolume: ' 89'
isi: 1
issue: 5-6
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 475 - 477
publication: Genetics Research
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press
publist_id: '7302'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Identity and coalescence in structured populations: A commentary on ''Inbreeding
coefficients and coalescence times'' by Montgomery Slatkin'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 89
year: '2008'
...