@article{20494, abstract = {The James Webb Space Telescope is revolutionising our ability to understand the host galaxies and local environments of high-z quasars. Here we obtain a comprehensive understanding of the host galaxy of the z = 7.08 quasar J1120+0641 by combining NIRSpec integral field spectroscopy with NIRCam photometry of the host continuum emission. Our emission-line maps reveal that this quasar host is undergoing a merger with a bright companion galaxy. The quasar host and the companion have similar dynamical masses of ∼1010 M⊙, suggesting that this is a major galaxy interaction. Through detailed quasar subtraction and SED fitting using the NIRCam data, we obtained an estimate of the host stellar mass of M* = (3.0−1.4+2.5) × 109 M⊙, with M∗ = (2.7−0.5+0.5) × 109 M⊙ for the companion galaxy. Using the Hβ Balmer line, we estimated a virial black hole mass of MBH = (1.9−1.1+2.9) × 109 M⊙. Thus, J1120+0641 has an extreme black hole–stellar mass ratio of MBH/M* = 0.63−0.31+0.54, which is ∼3 dex larger than expected by the local scaling relations between black hole and stellar mass. J1120+0641 is powered by an overmassive black hole with the highest reported black hole–stellar mass ratio in a quasar host that is currently undergoing a major merger. These new insights highlight the power of JWST for measuring and understanding these extreme first quasars.}, author = {Marshall, Madeline A. and Yue, Minghao and Eilers, Anna Christina and Scholtz, Jan and Perna, Michele and Willott, Chris J. and Maiolino, Roberto and Übler, Hannah and Arribas, Santiago and Bunker, Andrew J. and Charlot, Stephane and Rodríguez Del Pino, Bruno and Böker, Torsten and Carniani, Stefano and Circosta, Chiara and Cresci, Giovanni and D'Eugenio, Francesco and Jones, Gareth C. and Venturi, Giacomo and Bordoloi, Rongmon and Kashino, Daichi and Mackenzie, Ruari and Matthee, Jorryt J and Naidu, Rohan and Simcoe, Robert A.}, issn = {1432-0746}, journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, title = {{GA-NIFS and EIGER: A merging quasar host at z = 7 with an overmassive black hole}}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202452650}, volume = {702}, year = {2025}, } @article{20495, abstract = {We consider a tracer particle coupled to a Bose scalar field and study the regime where the field’s propagation speed approaches infinity. For initial states devoid of field excitations, we introduce an effective approximation of the time-evolved wave function and prove its validity in Hilbert space norm. In this approximation, the field remains in the vacuum state, while the tracer particle propagates with a modified dispersion relation. Physically, the new dispersion relation can be understood as the effect of radiative corrections due to interactions with virtual bosons. Mathematically, it is defined as the solution of a self-consistent nonlinear equation, whose form depends on the relevant time scale.}, author = {Cárdenas, Esteban and Mitrouskas, David Johannes}, issn = {1424-0637}, journal = {Annales Henri Poincare}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Radiative corrections to the dynamics of a tracer particle coupled to a Bose ccalar field}}, doi = {10.1007/s00023-025-01626-3}, year = {2025}, } @article{20496, abstract = {The practical implementation of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) is limited by uncontrolled zinc (Zn) dendrite growth during anode plating, compromising both safety and cycle life. Typically, Zn plating proceeds via 2D growth along the six equivalent prismatic [1010] directions of the hexagonal close-packed (HCP) Zn lattice, forming hexagonal platelets that promote dendrite formation. Here, an effective electrolyte engineering strategy is presented using rare-earth ions to regulate Zn plating. Combined multiscale experimental analyses and computational modeling reveal that these ions preferentially adsorb onto the prismatic {1010} facets, suppressing lateral epitaxial growth of the basal (0002) planes. This redirects Zn plating toward an apparent screw dislocation-driven growth along the [0001] axis. The resulting growth pathway, together with randomly oriented Zn nucleation, yields dense, uniform, and dendrite-free Zn layers with markedly improved cycling stability and high depth-of-discharge operation, thereby challenging the prevailing assumption that dendrite suppression requires (0002)-oriented growth parallel to the substrate. This work provides new mechanistic insights into Zn plating dynamics and establishes a scalable strategy for stable, dendrite-free Zn anodes in next-generation AZIBs.}, author = {Zeng, Guifang and Horta, Sharona and Sun, Qing and Khan, Malik Dilshad and Ibáñez, Maria and Han, Yuhang and Wang, Shang and Li, Longqiu and Ci, Lijie and Tian, Yanhong and Cabot, Andreu}, issn = {1521-4095}, journal = {Advanced Materials}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Crystal growth engineering for dendrite-free Zinc metal plating}}, doi = {10.1002/adma.202510906}, year = {2025}, } @article{20503, abstract = {We introduce a class of interacting fermionic quantum models in d dimensions with nodal interactions that exhibit superdiffusive transport. We establish nonperturbatively that the nodal structure of the interactions gives rise to long-lived quasiparticle excitations that result in a diverging diffusion constant, even though the system is fully chaotic. Using a Boltzmann equation approach, we find that the charge mode acquires an anomalous dispersion relation at long wavelength ωðqÞ ∼ qz with dynamical exponent z ¼ min½ð2n þ dÞ=2n; 2, where n is the order of the nodal point in momentum space. We verify our predictions in one-dimensional systems using tensor-network techniques.}, author = {Wang, Yupeng and Ren, Jie and Gopalakrishnan, Sarang and Vasseur, Romain}, issn = {1079-7114}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, number = {16}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Superdiffusive transport in chaotic quantum systems with nodal interactions}}, doi = {10.1103/xx9z-4j6c}, volume = {135}, year = {2025}, } @article{20504, abstract = {Let r, k, be integers such that 0 ≤ ≤ (k/r). Given a large r-uniform hypergraph G, we consider the fraction of k-vertex subsets that span exactly edges. If is 0 or (k/r), this fraction can be exactly 1 (by taking G to be empty or complete), but for all other values of , one might suspect that this fraction is always significantly smaller than 1. In this paper we prove an essentially optimal result along these lines: if is not 0 or (k/r), then this fraction is at most (1/e) + ε, assuming k is sufficiently large in terms of r and ε > 0, and G is sufficiently large in terms of k. Previously, this was only known for a very limited range of values of r, k, (due to Kwan–Sudakov–Tran, Fox–Sauermann, and Martinsson–Mousset–Noever–Trujic). Our result answers a question of Alon–Hefetz–Krivelevich–Tyomkyn, who suggested this as a hypergraph generalization of their edge-statistics conjecture. We also prove a much stronger bound when is far from 0 and (k/r).}, author = {Jain, Vishesh and Kwan, Matthew Alan and Mubayi, Dhruv and Tran, Tuan}, issn = {1687-0247}, journal = {International Mathematics Research Notices}, number = {18}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{The edge-statistics conjecture for hypergraphs}}, doi = {10.1093/imrn/rnaf273}, volume = {2025}, year = {2025}, } @misc{20523, abstract = {Includes all data and Python code needed to reproduce figures for the publication: No Time for Surface Charge: How Bulk Conductivity Hides Charge Patterns from Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Contact-Electrified Surfaces.}, author = {Pertl, Felix}, publisher = {Zenodo}, title = {{No Time for Surface Charge: How Bulk Conductivity Hides Charge Patterns from Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Contact-Electrified Surfaces}}, doi = {10.5281/ZENODO.14888054}, year = {2025}, } @article{20530, abstract = {Cells must coordinate DNA segregation with cytokinesis to ensure that each daughter cell inherits a complete genome. Here, we explore how DNA segregation and division are mechanistically coupled in archaeal relatives of eukaryotes, which lack Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)/Cyclins. Using live cell imaging, we first describe the series of sequential changes in DNA organization that accompany cell division in Sulfolobus, which computational modeling shows likely aid genome segregation. Through a perturbation analysis we identify a regulatory checkpoint which ensures that the compaction of the genome into two spatially segregated nucleoids only occurs once cells have assembled a division ring—which also defines the axis of DNA segregation. Finally, we show that DNA compaction and segregation depend, in part, on a ParA homologue, SegA, and its partner SegB, whose absence leads to bridging DNA. Taken together, these data show how regulatory checkpoints like those operating in eukaryotes aid high-fidelity division in an archaeon.}, author = {Parham, Joe and Sorichetti, Valerio and Cezanne, Alice and Foo, Sherman and Kuo, Yin Wei and Hoogenberg, Baukje and Radoux-Mergault, Arthur and Mawdesley, Eloise and Gatward, Lydia Daniels and Boulanger, Jerome and Schulze, Ulrike and Šarić, Anđela and Baum, Buzz}, issn = {1091-6490}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, number = {42}, pages = {e2513939122}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{Temporal and spatial coordination of DNA segregation and cell division in an archaeon}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2513939122}, volume = {122}, year = {2025}, } @article{20531, abstract = {Genetic drift is potentially an important component of selection for sex, as it is a source of statistical associations between alleles at selected loci. By increasing local drift, population structure may thus amplify the evolutionary advantage of sex. However, most previous models have focused either on haploid populations or on diploid populations without spatial structure. In this article, we use two- and three-locus analytical models and multilocus simulations to explore selection for sex in a diploid population structured according to the island model, in the presence of recurrent deleterious mutations. Our results show that selection generally favors an intermediate rate of sex that decreases as the direct cost of sex increases and increases moderately as the degree of population structure increases. Selection for sex is generated by multiple effects involving genetic associations within and between loci. When selection occurs at many loci, it is generally dominated by interference effects involving deleterious alleles at different loci, captured by our three-locus model. In our multilocus simulations, we observed an irreversible spread of asexual mutants under strong costs of sex, and when deleterious mutations are partially recessive. However, population structure may prevent this spread of asexual mutants when dispersal rates are sufficiently small.}, author = {Fouqueau, Louise and Roze, Denis}, issn = {1558-5646}, journal = {Evolution}, number = {10}, pages = {2167--2180}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{Deleterious mutations and selection for sex in spatially structured, diploid populations}}, doi = {10.1093/evolut/qpaf143}, volume = {79}, year = {2025}, } @article{20532, abstract = {A unified mechanism directs synaptic vesicle release}, author = {Lichter, Katharina}, issn = {1095-9203}, journal = {Science}, number = {6770}, pages = {236--237}, publisher = {AAAS}, title = {{Kiss, shrink, run}}, doi = {10.1126/science.aec0091}, volume = {390}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{20533, abstract = {We give an introduction into differential privacy in the dynamic setting, called the continual observation setting.}, author = {Henzinger, Monika H and Safavi Hemami, Roodabeh}, booktitle = {33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms}, isbn = {9783959773959}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Warsaw, Poland}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Securing dynamic data: A primer on differentially private data structures}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2025.2}, volume = {351}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{20534, abstract = {A non-trivial minimum cut (NMC) sparsifier is a multigraph Ĝ that preserves all non-trivial minimum cuts of a given undirected graph G. We introduce a flexible data structure for fully dynamic graphs that can efficiently provide an NMC sparsifier upon request at any point during the sequence of updates. We employ simple dynamic forest data structures to achieve a fast from-scratch construction of the sparsifier at query time. Based on the strength of the adversary and desired type of time bounds, the data structure comes with different guarantees. Specifically, let G be a fully dynamic simple graph with n vertices and minimum degree δ. Then our data structure supports an insertion/deletion of an edge to/from G in n^o(1) worst-case time. Furthermore, upon request, it can return w.h.p. an NMC sparsifier of G that has O(n/δ) vertices and O(n) edges, in Ô(n) time. The probabilistic guarantees hold against an adaptive adversary. Alternatively, the update and query times can be improved to Õ(1) and Õ(n) respectively, if amortized-time guarantees are sufficient, or if the adversary is oblivious. Throughout the paper, we use Õ to hide polylogarithmic factors and Ô to hide subpolynomial (i.e., n^o(1)) factors. We discuss two applications of our new data structure. First, it can be used to efficiently report a cactus representation of all minimum cuts of a fully dynamic simple graph. Building this cactus for the NMC sparsifier instead of the original graph allows for a construction time that is sublinear in the number of edges. Against an adaptive adversary, we can with high probability output the cactus representation in worst-case Ô(n) time. Second, our data structure allows us to efficiently compute the maximal k-edge-connected subgraphs of undirected simple graphs, by repeatedly applying a minimum cut algorithm on the NMC sparsifier. Specifically, we can compute with high probability the maximal k-edge-connected subgraphs of a simple graph with n vertices and m edges in Õ(m+n²/k) time. This improves the best known time bounds for k = Ω(n^{1/8}) and naturally extends to the case of fully dynamic graphs.}, author = {Henzinger, Monika H and Kosinas, Evangelos and Münk, Robin and Räcke, Harald}, booktitle = {33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms}, isbn = {9783959773959}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Warsaw, Poland}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Efficient contractions of dynamic graphs - with applications}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2025.36}, volume = {351}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{20535, abstract = {Many differentially private and classical non-private graph algorithms rely crucially on determining whether some property of each vertex meets a threshold. For example, for the k-core decomposition problem, the classic peeling algorithm iteratively removes a vertex if its induced degree falls below a threshold. The sparse vector technique (SVT) is generally used to transform non-private threshold queries into private ones with only a small additive loss in accuracy. However, a naive application of SVT in the graph setting leads to an amplification of the error by a factor of n due to composition, as SVT is applied to every vertex. In this paper, we resolve this problem by formulating a novel generalized sparse vector technique which we call the Multidimensional AboveThreshold (MAT) Mechanism which generalizes SVT (applied to vectors with one dimension) to vectors with multiple dimensions. When applied to vectors with n dimensions, we solve a number of important graph problems with better bounds than previous work. Specifically, we apply our MAT mechanism to obtain a set of improved bounds for a variety of problems including k-core decomposition, densest subgraph, low out-degree ordering, and vertex coloring. We give a tight local edge differentially private (LEDP) algorithm for k-core decomposition that results in an approximation with O(ε^{-1} log n) additive error and no multiplicative error in O(n) rounds. We also give a new (2+η)-factor multiplicative, O(ε^{-1} log n) additive error algorithm in O(log² n) rounds for any constant η > 0. Both of these results are asymptotically tight against our new lower bound of Ω(log n) for any constant-factor approximation algorithm for k-core decomposition. Our new algorithms for k-core decomposition also directly lead to new algorithms for the related problems of densest subgraph and low out-degree ordering. Finally, we give novel LEDP differentially private defective coloring algorithms that use number of colors given in terms of the arboricity of the graph.}, author = {Dhulipala, Laxman and Henzinger, Monika H and Li, George Z. and Liu, Quanquan C. and Sricharan, A. R. and Zhu, Leqi}, booktitle = {33rd Annual European Symposium on Algorithms}, isbn = {9783959773959}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Warsaw, Poland}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Near-optimal differentially private graph algorithms via the Multidimensional AboveThreshold Mechanism}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2025.91}, volume = {351}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{20536, abstract = {Uniquely represented (UR) data structures represent each logical state with a unique storage state. We study the problem of maintaining a dynamic set of n keys from a totally ordered universe in this context. UR structures are also called "strongly history independent" structures in the literature. We introduce a two-layer data structure called (α,ε)-Randomized Block Search Tree (RBST) that is uniquely represented and suitable for external memory (EM). Though RBSTs naturally generalize the well-known binary Treaps, several new ideas are needed to analyze the expected search, update, and storage efficiency in terms of block-reads, block-writes, and blocks stored. We prove that searches have O(ε^{-1} + log_α n) block-reads, that dynamic updates perform O(ε^{-1} + log_α(n)/α) block-writes and O(ε^{-2}+(1+(ε^{-1}+log n)/α)log_α n) block-reads, and that (α, ε)-RBSTs have an asymptotic load-factor of at least (1-ε) for every ε ∈ (0,1/2]. Thus (α, ε)-RBSTs improve on the known, uniquely represented B-Treap [Golovin; ICALP'09]. Compared with non-UR structures, the RBST is also, to the best of our knowledge, the first external memory structure that is storage-efficient and has a non-amortized, write-efficient update bound.}, author = {Safavi Hemami, Roodabeh and Seybold, Martin P.}, booktitle = {19th International Symposium on Algorithms and Data Structures}, isbn = {9783959773980}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Toronto, Canada}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{B-Treaps revised: Write efficient randomized block search trees with high load}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.WADS.2025.47}, volume = {349}, year = {2025}, } @article{20537, abstract = {In this personal account, I describe the work performed in my research group on the development of methods that harness heterogeneous photocatalysts for light-mediated nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings. This includes catalytic systems using carbon nitride materials, dye-sensitized TiO₂, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and conjugated polymers. The rationale behind the selection of materials and how their use led to the identification of catalyst deactivation, structure–activity relationships, and future opportunities is discussed.}, author = {Pieber, Bartholomäus}, issn = {1437-2096}, journal = {Synlett}, publisher = {Georg Thieme Verlag}, title = {{Photochemical cross-couplings using semiconducting materials}}, doi = {10.1055/a-2690-9269}, volume = {18}, year = {2025}, } @article{20538, abstract = {In this study, we describe an integrated approach for methyl group assignment comprising precursor-based selective methyl group labeling, a novel pulse sequence for methyl to backbone coherence transfer and chemical shift predictions using UCBShift 2.0. The utility of this novel α-ketoacid isotopologue is shown by the adaptation of an HMBC-HMQC pulse sequence that simultaneously connects geminal methyl groups of leucine and valine residues to each other and to the protein backbone. By additional 13C,2H-labeling of residues other than valine and leucine residues of the protein, important chemical shift information about neighboring residues (following valine and leucine residues) can be achieved. Thus, different valine and leucine residues in a protein can be characterized as a specific chemical shift vector. Frequency matching with predicted chemical shifts via UCBShift 2.0 using experimental data taken from a subset of the BMRB database revealed a correct assignment performance of about 90%. With applications to proteins of 60.2 kDa and 134 kDa (4 × 33.5 kDa) in size, we demonstrate that the approach provides valuable information even for very large proteins.}, author = {Knödlstorfer, Sonja and Toscano, Giorgia and Ptaszek, Aleksandra L. and Kontaxis, Georg and Napoli, Federico and Schneider, Jakob and Maier, Katharina and Kapitonova, Anna and Lichtenecker, Roman J. and Schanda, Paul and Konrat, Robert}, issn = {1089-8638}, journal = {Journal of Molecular Biology}, number = {23}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{A novel HMBC-CC-HMQC NMR strategy for methyl assignment using triple-13C-labeled α-ketoisovalerate integrated with UCBShift 2.0}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmb.2025.169465}, volume = {437}, year = {2025}, } @article{20544, abstract = {The physical nature of little red dots (LRDs), a population of compact red galaxies revealed by JWST, remains unclear. Photometric samples were constructed from varying selection criteria with limited spectroscopic follow-up available to test intrinsic spectral shapes and the prevalence of broad emission lines. We used the RUBIES survey, a large spectroscopic program with wide color-morphology coverage and homogeneous data quality, to systematically analyze the emission-line kinematics, spectral shapes, and morphologies of ∼1500 galaxies at z > 3.1. We identified broad Balmer lines via a novel fitting approach that simultaneously models NIRSpec/PRISM and G395M spectra, yielding 80 broad-line sources with 28 (35%) at z > 6. A large subpopulation naturally emerged from the broad Balmer line sources, with 36 exhibiting v-shaped UV-to-optical continua and a dominant point source component in the rest-optical; we define these as spectroscopic LRDs, constituting the largest such sample to date. Strikingly, the spectroscopic LRD population is largely recovered when either a broad line or rest-optical point source is required in combination with a v-shaped continuum, suggesting an inherent link between these three defining characteristics. We compared the spectroscopic LRD sample to published photometric searches. Although these selections have high accuracy, 80%−95% down to F444W < 26.5, only 50%−80% of the RUBIES LRDs were photometrically identified, depending on the selection criteria used. The remainder were missed due to a mixture of faint rest-UV photometry, comparatively blue rest-optical colors, or highly uncertain photometric redshifts. Our findings highlight that well-selected spectroscopic campaigns are essential for robust LRD identification, while photometric criteria require refinement to capture the full population.}, author = {Hviding, Raphael E. and de Graaff, Anna and Miller, Tim B. and Setton, David J. and Greene, Jenny E. and Labbé, Ivo and Brammer, Gabriel and Bezanson, Rachel and Boogaard, Leindert A. and Cleri, Nikko J. and Leja, Joel and Maseda, Michael V. and McConachie, Ian and Matthee, Jorryt J and Naidu, Rohan P. and Oesch, Pascal A. and Wang, Bingjie and Whitaker, Katherine E. and Williams, Christina C.}, issn = {1432-0746}, journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, title = {{RUBIES: A spectroscopic census of little red dots}}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202555816}, volume = {702}, year = {2025}, } @article{20545, abstract = {The H i gas distribution in damped Lyman $\alpha$ absorbers (DLAs) has remained elusive due to the point-source nature of background quasar emission. Observing DLAs against spatially extended background galaxies provides a new method for constraining their size and structure. Using the Keck Cosmic Web Imager, we present the first ‘silhouette’ image of a DLA at $z=3.34$, identified in the spectrum of a background galaxy at $z=3.61$. Although the silhouette remains unresolved due to limited spatial resolution, this represents a successful proof-of-concept for studying DLA morphology using extended background sources. Possible residual emission in the DLA trough suggests an optical depth contrast exceeding $10^7$ in the internal structure, implying a sharp edge or patchy structure. A Lyman $\alpha$ emitter (LAE) at $z_{\rm LAE}=3.3433\pm 0.0005$, consistent with the DLA redshift, is detected at an angular separation of $1{{_{.}^{\prime\prime}} }73\pm 0{{_{.}^{\prime\prime}} }28$ ($12.9\pm 2.1$ kpc). The DLA is surrounded by three galaxies within 140 kpc in projected distance and 500 km s$^{-1}$ in line-of-sight velocity, indicating that it resides in the circumgalactic medium of the LAE or within a galaxy group/protocluster environment. An O i  $\lambda 1302$ absorption at $z_{\rm OI}=3.3288\pm 0.0004$ is also detected along the line of sight. This absorber may trace metal-enriched outflow from the LAE or a gas-rich galaxy exhibiting the highest star formation activity among the surrounding galaxies. Future large spectroscopic surveys of galaxies will expand such a DLA sample, and three-dimensional spectroscopy for it will shed new light on the role of intergalactic dense gas in galaxy formation and evolution.}, author = {Komori, Fuga and Inoue, Akio K and Mawatari, Ken and Sugahara, Yuma and Umehata, Hideki and Shimakawa, Rhythm and Yamanaka, Satoshi and Hashimoto, Takuya and Matthee, Jorryt J and Misawa, Toru}, issn = {1365-2966}, journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {3}, pages = {2943--2957}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{The first direct imaging of the silhouette of a damped Lyman α system along the line-of-sight to a background galaxy}}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/staf1622}, volume = {543}, year = {2025}, } @article{20546, abstract = {Rocky debris covers around 7.3 % of the global glacier area, influencing ice melt rates and the surface mass balance of glaciers, making the dynamics and hydrology of debris-covered glaciers distinct from those of clean-ice glaciers. Accurate representation of debris in models is challenging, as measurements of the physical properties and thickness of the supraglacial debris layer are scarce. Here, we compile a database of measured and reported bulk physical properties and layer thicknesses of supraglacial debris that we call the supraglacial Debris Database (DebDaB) and that is open to community submissions. The majority of the database (90 %) is compiled from 172 sources in the literature, and the remaining 10 % was previously unpublished. DebDaB contains 8741 data entries for supraglacial debris layer thickness, of which 1770 entries also include sub-debris ablation rates, 179 thermal conductivity of debris, 160 aerodynamic surface roughness length, 79 debris albedo, 59 debris emissivity, and 37 debris porosity. The data are distributed over 84 glaciers in 13 regions in the Global Terrestrial Network for Glaciers. We show regional differences in the distribution of debris thickness measurements in DebDaB and fit simplified Østrem curves to 19 glaciers with sufficient debris thickness and ablation data. The data in DebDaB can be used for energy balance, melt, and surface mass balance studies by incorporating site-specific debris properties or for evaluation of remote sensing estimates of debris thickness and surface roughness. They can also help future field campaigns on debris-covered glaciers by identifying observation gaps. DebDaB's uneven spatial coverage points to sampling biases in community efforts to observe debris-covered glaciers, with some regions (e.g. central Europe and South Asia) well-sampled but others having gaps with prevalent debris (e.g. the Andes and Alaska). Debris thickness measurements are mostly concentrated at lower elevations, leaving higher-elevation debris-covered areas undersampled and suggesting that our knowledge of debris properties might not be representative of all elevations. The aims of DebDaB, as an openly available dataset, are to evolve over time, to be updated, and to add to community submissions as new data on supraglacial properties become available. The data described in this paper can be accessed from Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14224835 (Groeneveld et al., 2025).}, author = {Fontrodona-Bach, Adrià and Groeneveld, Lars and Miles, Evan and McCarthy, Michael and Shaw, Thomas and Melo Velasco, Juan Vicente and Pellicciotti, Francesca}, issn = {1866-3516}, journal = {Earth System Science Data}, number = {8}, pages = {4213--4234}, publisher = {Copernicus Publications}, title = {{DebDaB: A database of supraglacial debris thickness and physical properties}}, doi = {10.5194/essd-17-4213-2025}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, } @misc{20547, abstract = {DebdaB is a database of measured and reported physical properties and thickness of supraglacial debris that is openly available and open to community submissions. The majority of the database (90%) is compiled from 172 sources in the literature, and the remaining 10% has not been published before. DebDaB contains 8,286 data entries for supraglacial debris thickness, of which 1,852 entries also include sub-debris ablation rates, 167 data entries of thermal conductivity of debris, 157 of aerodynamic surface roughness length, 77 of debris albedo, 56 of debris emissivity and 37 of debris porosity. The data are distributed over 83 glaciers in 13 regions in the Global Terrestrial Network for Glaciers. }, author = {Groeneveld, Lars and Fontrodona-Bach, Adrià and Miles, Evan and McCarthy, Michael and Melo Velasco, Juan Vicente and Shaw, Thomas and Pellicciotti, Francesca and Bauder, Andreas and Buri, Pascal and Kneib, Marin and Kumar, Amit and Mishra, Aditya and Petersen, lene and Renner, Roman and Schmid, Sandro}, publisher = {Zenodo}, title = {{DebDaB: A database of supraglacial debris thickness and physical properties}}, doi = {10.5281/ZENODO.14224835}, year = {2025}, } @article{20585, abstract = {Motivated by applications in medical sciences, we study finite chromatic sets in Euclidean space from a topological perspective. Based on the persistent homology for images, kernels and cokernels, we design provably stable homological quantifiers that describe the geometric micro- and macro-structure of how the color classes mingle. These can be efficiently computed using chromatic variants of Delaunay and alpha complexes, and code that does these computations is provided.}, author = {Cultrera di Montesano, Sebastiano and Draganov, Ondrej and Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Saghafian, Morteza}, issn = {2639-8001}, journal = {Foundations of Data Science}, pages = {30--62}, publisher = {American Institute of Mathematical Sciences}, title = {{Chromatic alpha complexes}}, doi = {10.3934/fods.2025003}, volume = {8}, year = {2025}, }