@article{8616, abstract = {The brain vasculature supplies neurons with glucose and oxygen, but little is known about how vascular plasticity contributes to brain function. Using longitudinal in vivo imaging, we report that a substantial proportion of blood vessels in the adult mouse brain sporadically occlude and regress. Their regression proceeds through sequential stages of blood-flow occlusion, endothelial cell collapse, relocation or loss of pericytes, and retraction of glial endfeet. Regressing vessels are found to be widespread in mouse, monkey and human brains. We further reveal that blood vessel regression cause a reduction of neuronal activity due to a dysfunction in mitochondrial metabolism and glutamate production. Our results elucidate the mechanism of vessel regression and its role in neuronal function in the adult brain.}, author = {Gao, Xiaofei and Li, Jun-Liszt and Chen, Xingjun and Ci, Bo and Chen, Fei and Lu, Nannan and Shen, Bo and Zheng, Lijun and Jia, Jie-Min and Yi, Yating and Zhang, Shiwen and Shi, Ying-Chao and Shi, Kaibin and Propson, Nicholas E and Huang, Yubin and Poinsatte, Katherine and Zhang, Zhaohuan and Yue, Yuanlei and Bosco, Dale B and Lu, Ying-mei and Yang, Shi-bing and Adams, Ralf H. and Lindner, Volkhard and Huang, Fen and Wu, Long-Jun and Zheng, Hui and Han, Feng and Hippenmeyer, Simon and Stowe, Ann M. and Peng, Bo and Margeta, Marta and Wang, Xiaoqun and Liu, Qiang and Körbelin, Jakob and Trepel, Martin and Lu, Hui and Zhou, Bo O. and Zhao, Hu and Su, Wenzhi and Bachoo, Robert M. and Ge, Woo-ping}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Reduction of neuronal activity mediated by blood-vessel regression in the brain}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-025-60308-0}, volume = {16}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{21020, abstract = {Runtime verification offers scalable solutions to improve the safety and reliability of systems. However, systems that require verification or monitoring by a third party to ensure compliance with a specification might contain sensitive information, causing privacy concerns when usual runtime verification approaches are used. Privacy is compromised if protected information about the system, or sensitive data that is processed by the system, is revealed. In addition, revealing the specification being monitored may undermine the essence of third-party verification. In this work, we propose two novel protocols for the privacy-preserving runtime verification of systems against formal sequential specifications. In our first protocol, the monitor verifies whether the system satisfies the specification without learning anything else, though both parties are aware of the specification. Our second protocol ensures that the system remains oblivious to the monitored specification, while the monitor learns only whether the system satisfies the specification and nothing more. Our protocols adapt and improve existing techniques used in cryptography, and more specifically, multi-party computation. The sequential specification defines the observation step of the monitor, whose granularity depends on the situation (e.g., banks may be monitored on a daily basis). Our protocols exchange a single message per observation step, after an initialisation phase. This design minimises communication overhead, enabling relatively lightweight privacy-preserving monitoring. We implement our approach for monitoring specifications described by register automata and evaluate it experimentally.}, author = {Henzinger, Thomas A and Karimi, Mahyar and Thejaswini, K. S.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2025 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security}, isbn = {9798400715259}, location = {Taipei, Taiwan}, pages = {2774--2787}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {{Privacy-preserving runtime verification}}, doi = {10.1145/3719027.3765137}, year = {2025}, } @unpublished{21435, abstract = {Multiferroic materials, in which electric polarization and magnetic order coexist and couple, offer rich opportunities for both fundamental discovery and technology. However, multiferroicity remains rare due to conflicting electronic requirements for ferroelectricity and magnetism. One route to circumvent this challenge is to exploit the noncollinear ordering of spin cycloids, whose symmetry permits the emergence of polar order. In this work, we introduce another pathway to multiferroic order in which strain generates polarization in materials that host nonpolar spin spirals. To demonstrate this phenomenon, we chose the spin spiral in the well-studied helimagnet Cr1/3NbS2. To detect the induced polarization, we introduce the technique of magnetoelectric birefringence (MEB), an optical probe that enables spatially-resolved and unambiguous detection of polar order. By combining MEB imaging with strain engineering, we confirm the onset of a polar vector at the magnetic transition, establishing strained Cr1/3NbS2 as a type-II multiferroic.}, author = {Sun, Y. and Ahn, Y. and Sapkota, D. and Arachchige, H. S. and Xue, R. and Mozaffari, S. and Mandrus, D. G. and Zhao, L. and Orenstein, J. and Sunko, Veronika}, booktitle = {arXiv}, title = {{Strain-induced multiferroicity in Cr1/3NbS2}}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2510.11619}, year = {2025}, } @unpublished{21437, abstract = {Altermagnets are a class of collinear magnets that exhibit non-relativistic spin splitting (NRSS) of electronic bands in the absence of net magnetization. Their potential to generate large spin polarization without spin-orbit coupling has created strong interest in probes that access the underlying order parameter directly. In this Perspective, we show that linear magneto-birefringence (LMB) provides a natural and broadly applicable route to detecting altermagnetic order. Building on the correspondence between the momentum-space structure of NRSS and the ferroic ordering of magnetic multipoles in real space, we demonstrate how $d$-wave and $g$-wave NRSS textures yield distinct LMB responses. We present a symmetry-based framework that identifies the optical geometries and field configurations required to isolate specific multipole components, enabling domain imaging and providing benchmarks for theoretical models of LMB.}, author = {Sunko, Veronika and Orenstein, J.}, booktitle = {arXiv}, title = {{Linear magneto-birefringence as a probe of altermagnetism}}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2511.16421}, year = {2025}, } @misc{20842, abstract = {Probing the possibility of entanglement generation through gravity offers a path to tackle the question of whether gravitational fields possess a quantum mechanical nature. A potential realization necessitates systems with low-frequency dynamics at an optimal mass scale, for which the microgram-to-milligram range is a strong contender. Here, after refining a figure-of-merit for the problem, we present a 1-milligram torsional pendulum operating at 18 Hz. We demonstrate laser cooling its motion from room temperature to 240~microkelvins, surpassing by over 20-fold the coldest motions attained for oscillators ranging from micrograms to kilograms. We quantify and contrast the utility of the current approach with other platforms. The achieved performance and large improvement potential highlight milligram-scale torsional pendulums as a powerful platform for precision measurements relevant to future studies at the quantum-gravity interface.}, author = {Agafonova, Sofya}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Research Data for: 'One-milligram torsional pendulum toward experiments at the quantum-gravity interface'}}, doi = {10.15479/AT-ISTA-20842}, year = {2025}, } @article{17884, abstract = {Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) immature particles differ in morphology from other retroviruses, suggesting a distinct way of assembly. Here we report the results of cryo-electron tomography studies of HTLV-1 virus-like particles assembled in vitro, as well as derived from cells. This work shows that HTLV-1 uses a distinct mechanism of Gag–Gag interactions to form the immature viral lattice. Analysis of high-resolution structural information from immature capsid (CA) tubular arrays reveals that the primary stabilizing component in HTLV-1 is the N-terminal domain of CA. Mutagenesis analysis supports this observation. This distinguishes HTLV-1 from other retroviruses, in which the stabilization is provided primarily by the C-terminal domain of CA. These results provide structural details of the quaternary arrangement of Gag for an immature deltaretrovirus and this helps explain why HTLV-1 particles are morphologically distinct.}, author = {Obr, Martin and Percipalle, Mathias and Chernikova, Darya and Yang, Huixin and Thader, Andreas and Pinke, Gergely and Porley, Dario J and Mansky, Louis M. and Dick, Robert A. and Schur, Florian KM}, issn = {1545-9985}, journal = {Nature Structural & Molecular Biology}, pages = {268--276}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Distinct stabilization of the human T cell leukemia virus type 1 immature Gag lattice}}, doi = {10.1038/s41594-024-01390-8}, volume = {32}, year = {2025}, } @unpublished{21427, abstract = {While tumor malignancy has been extensively studied under the prism of genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity, tumor cell states also critically depend on reciprocal interactions with the microenvironment. This raises the hitherto untested possibility that heterogeneity of the untransformed tumor stroma can actively fuel malignant progression. As biological heterogeneity is inherently difficult to control, we adopted a reductionist approach and let tumor cells invade micro-engineered environments harboring obstacles with precision-controlled geometry. We find that not only the presence of obstacles, but more surprisingly their spatial disorder, causes a drastic shift from a collective to a single-cell mode of invasion – comparable in strength to cadherin loss. Combining live-imaging and perturbation experiments with minimal biophysical modeling, we demonstrate that cell detachments result both from local geometrical constraints and a global integration of spatial disorder over time. We show that different types of microenvironments map onto different universality classes of invasion dynamics - homogeneous substrates follow Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) scaling, while disordered ones exhibit exponents consistent with KPZ with quenched disorder (KPZq). Our findings highlight generic physical principles for how the mode of cancer cell invasion depends on environmental heterogeneity, with potential implications to understand tumor evolution in vivo.}, author = {Dunajova, Zuzana and Tasciyan, Saren and Majek, Juraj and Merrin, Jack and Sahai, Erik and Sixt, Michael K and Hannezo, Edouard B}, publisher = {bioRxiv}, title = {{Substrate heterogeneity promotes cancer cell dissemination through interface roughening}}, doi = {10.1101/2025.05.20.655037}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{21474, abstract = {Rendering novel, relit views of a human head, given a monocular portrait image as input, is an inherently underconstrained problem. The traditional graphics solution is to explicitly decompose the input image into geometry, material and lighting via differentiable rendering; but this is constrained by the multiple assumptions and approximations of the underlying models and parameterizations of these scene components. We propose 3DPR, an image-based relighting model that leverages generative priors learnt from multi-view One-Light-at-A-Time (OLAT) images captured in a light stage. We introduce a new diverse and large-scale multi-view 4K OLAT dataset of 139 subjects to learn a high-quality prior over the distribution of high-frequency face reflectance. We leverage the latent space of a pre-trained generative head model that provides a rich prior over face geometry learnt from in-the-wild image datasets. The input portrait is first embedded in the latent manifold of such a model through an encoder-based inversion process. Then a novel triplane-based reflectance network trained on our lightstage data is used to synthesize high-fidelity OLAT images to enable image-based relighting. Our reflectance network operates in the latent space of the generative head model, crucially enabling a relatively small number of lightstage images to train the reflectance model. Combining the generated OLATs according to a given HDRI environment maps yields physically accurate environmental relighting results. Through quantitative and qualitative evaluations, we demonstrate that 3DPR outperforms previous methods, particularly in preserving identity and in capturing lighting effects such as specularities, self-shadows, and subsurface scattering.}, author = {Rao, Pramod and Meka, Abhimitra and Zhou, Xilong and Fox, Gereon and Mallikarjun, B. R. and Zhan, Fangneng and Weyrich, Tim and Bickel, Bernd and Pfister, Hanspeter and Matusik, Wojciech and Beeler, Thabo and Elgharib, Mohamed and Habermann, Marc and Theobalt, Christian}, booktitle = {Proceedings SIGGRAPH Asia 2025 Conference Papers 2025}, isbn = {9798400721373}, location = {Hong Kong, Hong Kong}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {{3DPR: Single image 3D portrait relighting with generative priors}}, doi = {10.1145/3757377.3763962}, year = {2025}, } @unpublished{21398, abstract = {Seymour's decomposition theorem is a hallmark result in matroid theory presenting a structural characterization of the class of regular matroids. Formalization of matroid theory faces many challenges, most importantly that only a limited number of notions and results have been implemented so far. In this work, we formalize the proof of the forward (composition) direction of Seymour's theorem for regular matroids. To this end, we develop a library in Lean 4 that implements definitions and results about totally unimodular matrices, vector matroids, their standard representations, regular matroids, and 1-, 2-, and 3-sums of matrices and binary matroids given by their standard representations. Using this framework, we formally state Seymour's decomposition theorem and implement a formally verified proof of the composition direction in the setting where the matroids have finite rank and may have infinite ground sets.}, author = {Dvorak, Martin and Figueroa-Reid, Tristan and Hamadani, Rida and Hwang, Byung-Hak and Karunus, Evgenia and Kolmogorov, Vladimir and Meiburg, Alexander and Nelson, Alexander and Nelson, Peter and Sandey, Mark and Sergeev, Ivan}, booktitle = {arXiv}, pages = {21}, title = {{Composition direction of Seymour's theorem for regular matroids — Formally verified}}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2509.20539}, year = {2025}, } @article{20326, abstract = {Ag2Se is a promising n-type thermoelectric material, but its performance is limited by excessive carrier concentration, compositional inhomogeneity, and phase instability, challenges rooted in a narrow homogeneity range and uncontrolled Ag+ diffusion in the superionic phase. Here, we address these issues by exploiting liquid–solid interface reactions using CdSe complexes that remove surface excess Ag to yield stoichiometric Ag2Se and generate CdSe nanodomains that inhibit Ag+ diffusion and constrain grain growth. The resulting Ag2Se-CdSe nanocomposites exhibit a reproducible, stable figure of merit (zT) of 1.04 between 300 and 390 K. Beyond demonstrating high performance, we elucidate the interfacial chemical reactions that give rise to the observed microstructure and transport properties, providing a foundation for rationally engineering interfacial chemistry to tailor transport properties across diverse thermoelectric material systems.}, author = {Liu, Yu and Kleinhanns, Tobias and Horta, Sharona and Dutkiewicz, Ewelina and Lu, Shaoqing and Spadaro, Maria Chiara and Genç, Aziz and Chen, Lei and Lim, Khak Ho and Hong, Min and Arbiol, Jordi and Ibáñez, Maria}, issn = {1520-5126}, journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society}, number = {35}, pages = {32199--32208}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, title = {{Liquid-solid interface reactions drive enhanced thermoelectric performance in Ag2Se}}, doi = {10.1021/jacs.5c11435}, volume = {147}, year = {2025}, } @article{19637, abstract = {PLATO (PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars) is ESA’s M3 mission designed to detect and characterise extrasolar planets and perform asteroseismic monitoring of a large number of stars. PLATO will detect small planets (down to <2R Earth) around bright stars (<11 mag), including terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of solar-like stars. With the complement of radial velocity observations from the ground, planets will be characterised for their radius, mass, and age with high accuracy (5%, 10%, 10% for an Earth-Sun combination respectively). PLATO will provide us with a large-scale catalogue of well-characterised small planets up to intermediate orbital periods, relevant for a meaningful comparison to planet formation theories and to better understand planet evolution. It will make possible comparative exoplanetology to place our Solar System planets in a broader context. In parallel, PLATO will study (host) stars using asteroseismology, allowing us to determine the stellar properties with high accuracy, substantially enhancing our knowledge of stellar structure and evolution. The payload instrument consists of 26 cameras with 12cm aperture each. For at least four years, the mission will perform high-precision photometric measurements. Here we review the science objectives, present PLATO‘s target samples and fields, provide an overview of expected core science performance as well as a description of the instrument and the mission profile towards the end of the serial production of the flight cameras. PLATO is scheduled for a launch date end 2026. This overview therefore provides a summary of the mission to the community in preparation of the upcoming operational phases.}, author = {Rauer, Heike and Aerts, Conny and Cabrera, Juan and Deleuil, Magali and Erikson, Anders and Gizon, Laurent and Goupil, Mariejo and Heras, Ana and Walloschek, Thomas and Lorenzo-Alvarez, Jose and Marliani, Filippo and Martin-Garcia, César and Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel and O’Rourke, Laurence and Osborn, Hugh and Pagano, Isabella and Piotto, Giampaolo and Pollacco, Don and Ragazzoni, Roberto and Ramsay, Gavin and Udry, Stéphane and Appourchaux, Thierry and Benz, Willy and Brandeker, Alexis and Güdel, Manuel and Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo and Kabath, Petr and Kjeldsen, Hans and Min, Michiel and Santos, Nuno and Smith, Alan and Suarez, Juan Carlos and Werner, Stephanie C. and Aboudan, Alessio and Abreu, Manuel and Acuña, Lorena and Adams, Moritz and Adibekyan, Vardan and Affer, Laura and Agneray, François and Agnor, Craig and Aguirre Børsen-Koch, Victor and Ahmed, Saad and Aigrain, Suzanne and Al-Bahlawan, Ashraf and Alcacera Gil, Ma De Los Angeles and Alei, Eleonora and Alencar, Silvia and Alexander, Richard and Alfonso-Garzón, Julia and Alibert, Yann and Allende Prieto, Carlos and Almeida, Leonardo and Alonso Sobrino, Roi and Altavilla, Giuseppe and Althaus, Christian and Alvarez Trujillo, Luis Alonso and Amarsi, Anish and Ammler-Von Eiff, Matthias and Amôres, Eduardo and Andrade, Laerte and Antoniadis-Karnavas, Alexandros and António, Carlos and Aparicio Del Moral, Beatriz and Appolloni, Matteo and Arena, Claudio and Armstrong, David and Aroca Aliaga, Jose and Asplund, Martin and Audenaert, Jeroen and Auricchio, Natalia and Avelino, Pedro and Baeke, Ann and Baillié, Kevin and Balado, Ana and Ballber Balagueró, Pau and Balestra, Andrea and Ball, Warrick and Ballans, Herve and Ballot, Jerome and Barban, Caroline and Barbary, Gaële and Barbieri, Mauro and Barceló Forteza, Sebastià and Barker, Adrian and Barklem, Paul and Barnes, Sydney and Barrado Navascues, David and Barragan, Oscar and Baruteau, Clément and Basu, Sarbani and Baudin, Frederic and Baumeister, Philipp and Bayliss, Daniel and Bazot, Michael and Beck, Paul G. and Belkacem, Kevin and Bellinger, Earl and Benatti, Serena and Benomar, Othman and Bérard, Diane and Bergemann, Maria and Bergomi, Maria and Bernardo, Pierre and Biazzo, Katia and Bignamini, Andrea and Bigot, Lionel and Billot, Nicolas and Binet, Martin and Biondi, David and Biondi, Federico and Birch, Aaron C. and Bitsch, Bertram and Bluhm Ceballos, Paz Victoria and Bódi, Attila and Bognár, Zsófia and Boisse, Isabelle and Bolmont, Emeline and Bonanno, Alfio and Bonavita, Mariangela and Bonfanti, Andrea and Bonfils, Xavier and Bonito, Rosaria and Bonomo, Aldo Stefano and Börner, Anko and Boro Saikia, Sudeshna and Borreguero Martín, Elisa and Borsa, Francesco and Borsato, Luca and Bossini, Diego and Bouchy, Francois and Boué, Gwenaël and Boufleur, Rodrigo and Boumier, Patrick and Bourrier, Vincent and Bowman, Dominic M. and Bozzo, Enrico and Bradley, Louisa and Bray, John and Bressan, Alessandro and Breton, Sylvain and Brienza, Daniele and Brito, Ana and Brogi, Matteo and Brown, Beverly and Brown, David J.A. and Brun, Allan Sacha and Bruno, Giovanni and Bruns, Michael and Buchhave, Lars A. and Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle and Buldgen, Gaël and Burgess, Patrick and Busatta, Andrea and Busso, Giorgia and Buzasi, Derek and Caballero, José A. and Cabral, Alexandre and Cabrero Gomez, Juan Francisco and Calderone, Flavia and Cameron, Robert and Cameron, Andrew and Campante, Tiago and Campos Gestal, Néstor and Canto Martins, Bruno Leonardo and Cara, Christophe and Carone, Ludmila and Carrasco, Josep Manel and Casagrande, Luca and Casewell, Sarah L. and Cassisi, Santi and Castellani, Marco and Castro, Matthieu and Catala, Claude and Catalán Fernández, Irene and Catelan, Márcio and Cegla, Heather and Cerruti, Chiara and Cessa, Virginie and Chadid, Merieme and Chaplin, William and Charpinet, Stephane and Chiappini, Cristina and Chiarucci, Simone and Chiavassa, Andrea and Chinellato, Simonetta and Chirulli, Giovanni and Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen and Church, Ross and Claret, Antonio and Clarke, Cathie and Claudi, Riccardo and Clermont, Lionel and Coelho, Hugo and Coelho, Joao and Cogato, Fabrizio and Colomé, Josep and Condamin, Mathieu and Conde García, Fernando and Conseil, Simon and Corbard, Thierry and Correia, Alexandre C.M. and Corsaro, Enrico and Cosentino, Rosario and Costes, Jean and Cottinelli, Andrea and Covone, Giovanni and Creevey, Orlagh L. and Crida, Aurelien and Csizmadia, Szilard and Cunha, Margarida and Curry, Patrick and Da Costa, Jefferson and Da Silva, Francys and Dalal, Shweta and Damasso, Mario and Damiani, Cilia and Damiani, Francesco and Das Chagas, Maria Liduina and Davies, Melvyn and Davies, Guy and Davies, Ben and Davison, Gary and De Almeida, Leandro and De Angeli, Francesca and De Barros, Susana Cristina Cabral and De Castroleão, Izan and De Freitas, Daniel Brito and De Freitas, Marcia Cristina and De Martino, Domitilla and De Medeiros, José Renan and De Paula, Luiz Alberto and De Pedraza Gómez, Álvaro and De Plaa, Jelle and De Ridder, Joris and Deal, Morgan and Decin, Leen and Deeg, Hans and Degl’Innocenti, Scilla and Deheuvels, Sebastien and Del Burgo, Carlos and Del Sordo, Fabio and Delgado-Mena, Elisa and Demangeon, Olivier and Denk, Tilmann and Derekas, Aliz and Desert, Jean Michel and Desidera, Silvano and Dexet, Marc and Di Criscienzo, Marcella and Di Giorgio, Anna Maria and Di Mauro, Maria Pia and Diaz Rial, Federico Jose and Díaz-García, José Javier and Dima, Marco and Dinuzzi, Giacomo and Dionatos, Odysseas and Distefano, Elisa and Do Nascimento, Jose Dias and Domingo, Albert and D’Orazi, Valentina and Dorn, Caroline and Doyle, Lauren and Duarte, Elena and Ducellier, Florent and Dumaye, Luc and Dumusque, Xavier and Dupret, Marc Antoine and Eggenberger, Patrick and Ehrenreich, David and Eigmüller, Philipp and Eising, Johannes and Emilio, Marcelo and Eriksson, Kjell and Ermocida, Marco and Escate Giribaldi, Riano Isidoro and Eschen, Yoshi and Espinosa Yáñez, Lucía and Estrela, Inês and Evans, Dafydd Wyn and Fabbian, Damian and Fabrizio, Michele and Faria, João Pedro and Farina, Maria and Farinato, Jacopo and Feliz, Dax and Feltzing, Sofia and Fenouillet, Thomas and Fernández, Miguel and Ferrari, Lorenza and Ferraz-Mello, Sylvio and Fialho, Fabio and Fienga, Agnes and Figueira, Pedro and Fiori, Laura and Flaccomio, Ettore and Focardi, Mauro and Foley, Steve and Fontignie, Jean and Ford, Dominic and Fornazier, Karin and Forveille, Thierry and Fossati, Luca and Franca, Rodrigo De Marca and Franco Da Silva, Lucas and Frasca, Antonio and Fridlund, Malcolm and Furlan, Marco and Gabler, Sarah Maria and Gaido, Marco and Gallagher, Andrew and Gallego Sempere, Paloma I. and Galli, Emanuele and García, Rafael A. and García Hernández, Antonio and Garcia Munoz, Antonio and García-Vázquez, Hugo and Garrido Haba, Rafael and Gaulme, Patrick and Gauthier, Nicolas and Gehan, Charlotte and Gent, Matthew and Georgieva, Iskra and Ghigo, Mauro and Giana, Edoardo and Gill, Samuel and Girardi, Leo and Giuliatti Winter, Silvia and Giusi, Giovanni and Gomes Da Silva, João and Gómez Zazo, Luis Jorge and Gomez-Lopez, Juan Manuel and González Hernández, Jonay Isai and Gonzalez Murillo, Kevin and Gonzalo Melchor, Alejandro and Gorius, Nicolas and Gouel, Pierre Vincent and Goulty, Duncan and Granata, Valentina and Grenfell, John Lee and Grießbach, Denis and Grolleau, Emmanuel and Grouffal, Salomé and Grziwa, Sascha and Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe and Gueguen, Loïc and Guenther, Eike Wolf and Guilhem, Terrasa and Guillerot, Lucas and Guillot, Tristan and Guiot, Pierre and Guterman, Pascal and Gutiérrez, Antonio and Gutiérrez-Canales, Fernando and Hagelberg, Janis and Haldemann, Jonas and Hall, Cassandra and Handberg, Rasmus and Harrison, Ian and Harrison, Diana L. and Hasiba, Johann and Haswell, Carole A. and Hatalova, Petra and Hatzes, Artie and Haywood, Raphaelle and Hébrard, Guillaume and Heckes, Frank and Heiter, Ulrike and Hekker, Saskia and Heller, René and Helling, Christiane and Helminiak, Krzysztof and Hemsley, Simon and Heng, Kevin and Herbst, Konstantin and Hermans, Aline and Hermes, J. J. and Hidalgo Torres, Nadia and Hinkel, Natalie and Hobbs, David and Hodgkin, Simon and Hofmann, Karl and Hojjatpanah, Saeed and Houdek, Günter and Huber, Daniel and Huesler, Joseph and Hui-Bon-Hoa, Alain and Huygen, Rik and Huynh, Duc Dat and Iro, Nicolas and Irwin, Jonathan and Irwin, Mike and Izidoro, André and Jacquinod, Sophie and Jannsen, Nicholas Emborg and Janson, Markus and Jeszenszky, Harald and Jiang, Chen and Jimenez Mancebo, Antonio José and Jofre, Paula and Johansen, Anders and Johnston, Cole and Jones, Geraint and Kallinger, Thomas and Kálmán, Szilárd and Kanitz, Thomas and Karjalainen, Marie and Karjalainen, Raine and Karoff, Christoffer and Kawaler, Steven and Kawata, Daisuke and Keereman, Arnoud and Keiderling, David and Kennedy, Tom and Kenworthy, Matthew and Kerschbaum, Franz and Kidger, Mark and Kiefer, Flavien and Kintziger, Christian and Kislyakova, Kristina and Kiss, László and Klagyivik, Peter and Klahr, Hubert and Klevas, Jonas and Kochukhov, Oleg and Köhler, Ulrich and Kolb, Ulrich and Koncz, Alexander and Korth, Judith and Kostogryz, Nadiia and Kovács, Gábor and Kovács, József and Kozhura, Oleg and Krivova, Natalie and Kuĉinskas, Arūnas and Kuhlemann, Ilyas and Kupka, Friedrich and Laauwen, Wouter and Labiano, Alvaro and Lagarde, Nadege and Laget, Philippe and Laky, Gunter and Lam, Kristine Wai Fun and Lambrechts, Michiel and Lammer, Helmut and Lanza, Antonino Francesco and Lanzafame, Alessandro and Lares Martiz, Mariel and Laskar, Jacques and Latter, Henrik and Lavanant, Tony and Lawrenson, Alastair and Lazzoni, Cecilia and Lebre, Agnes and Lebreton, Yveline and Lecavelier Des Etangs, Alain and Lee, Katherine and Leinhardt, Zoe and Leleu, Adrien and Lendl, Monika and Leto, Giuseppe and Levillain, Yves and Libert, Anne Sophie and Lichtenberg, Tim and Ligi, Roxanne and Lignieres, Francois and Lillo-Box, Jorge and Linsky, Jeffrey and Liu, John Scige and Loidolt, Dominik and Longval, Yuying and Lopes, Ilídio and Lorenzani, Andrea and Ludwig, Hans Guenter and Lund, Mikkel and Lundkvist, Mia Sloth and Luri, Xavier and Maceroni, Carla and Madden, Sean and Madhusudhan, Nikku and Maggio, Antonio and Magliano, Christian and Magrin, Demetrio and Mahy, Laurent and Maibaum, Olaf and Malac-Allain, Lee Roy and Malapert, Jean Christophe and Malavolta, Luca and Maldonado, Jesus and Mamonova, Elena and Manchon, Louis and Manjón, Andres and Mann, Andrew and Mantovan, Giacomo and Marafatto, Luca and Marconi, Marcella and Mardling, Rosemary and Marigo, Paola and Marinoni, Silvia and Marques, Rico and Marques, Joao Pedro and Marrese, Paola Maria and Marshall, Douglas and Martínez Perales, Silvia and Mary, David and Marzari, Francesco and Masana, Eduard and Mascher, Andrina and Mathis, Stéphane and Mathur, Savita and Martín Vodopivec, Iris and Mattiuci Figueiredo, Ana Carolina and Maxted, Pierre F.L. and Mazeh, Tsevi and Mazevet, Stephane and Mazzei, Francesco and Mccormac, James and Mcmillan, Paul and Menou, Lucas and Merle, Thibault and Meru, Farzana and Mesa, Dino and Messina, Sergio and Mészáros, Szabolcs and Meunier, Nadége and Meunier, Jean Charles and Micela, Giuseppina and Michaelis, Harald and Michel, Eric and Michielsen, Mathias and Michtchenko, Tatiana and Miglio, Andrea and Miguel, Yamila and Milligan, David and Mirouh, Giovanni and Mitchell, Morgan and Moedas, Nuno and Molendini, Francesca and Molnár, László and Mombarg, Joey and Montalban, Josefina and Montalto, Marco and Monteiro, Mário J.P.F.G. and Montoro Sánchez, Francisco and Morales, Juan Carlos and Morales-Calderon, Maria and Morbidelli, Alessandro and Mordasini, Christoph and Moreau, Chrystel and Morel, Thierry and Morello, Giuseppe and Morin, Julien and Mortier, Annelies and Mosser, Benoît and Mourard, Denis and Mousis, Olivier and Moutou, Claire and Mowlavi, Nami and Moya, Andrés and Muehlmann, Prisca and Muirhead, Philip and Munari, Matteo and Musella, Ilaria and Mustill, Alexander James and Nardetto, Nicolas and Nardiello, Domenico and Narita, Norio and Nascimbeni, Valerio and Nash, Anna and Neiner, Coralie and Nelson, Richard P. and Nettelmann, Nadine and Nicolini, Gianalfredo and Nielsen, Martin and Niemi, Sami Matias and Noack, Lena and Noels-Grotsch, Arlette and Noll, Anthony and Norazman, Azib and Norton, Andrew J. and Nsamba, Benard and Ofir, Aviv and Ogilvie, Gordon and Olander, Terese and Olivetto, Christian and Olofsson, Göran and Ong, Joel and Ortolani, Sergio and Oshagh, Mahmoudreza and Ottacher, Harald and Ottensamer, Roland and Ouazzani, Rhita Maria and Paardekooper, Sijme Jan and Pace, Emanuele and Pajas, Miriam and Palacios, Ana and Palandri, Gaelle and Palle, Enric and Paproth, Carsten and Parro, Vanderlei and Parviainen, Hannu and Pascual Granado, Javier and Passegger, Vera Maria and Pastor-Morales, Carmen and Pätzold, Martin and Pedersen, May Gade and Pena Hidalgo, David and Pepe, Francesco and Pereira, Filipe and Persson, Carina M. and Pertenais, Martin and Peter, Gisbert and Petit, Antoine C. and Petit, Pascal and Pezzuto, Stefania and Pichierri, Gabriele and Pietrinferni, Adriano and Pinheiro, Fernando and Pinsonneault, Marc and Plachy, Emese and Plasson, Philippe and Plez, Bertrand and Poppenhaeger, Katja and Poretti, Ennio and Portaluri, Elisa and Portell, Jordi and Porto De Mello, Gustavo Frederico and Poyatos, Julien and Pozuelos, Francisco J. and Prada Moroni, Pier Giorgio and Pricopi, Dumitru and Prisinzano, Loredana and Quade, Matthias and Quirrenbach, Andreas and Rabanal Reina, Julio Arturo and Rabello Soares, Maria Cristina and Raimondo, Gabriella and Rainer, Monica and Ramón Rodón, Jose and Ramón-Ballesta, Alejandro and Ramos Zapata, Gonzalo and Rätz, Stefanie and Rauterberg, Christoph and Redman, Bob and Redmer, Ronald and Reese, Daniel and Regibo, Sara and Reiners, Ansgar and Reinhold, Timo and Renie, Christian and Ribas, Ignasi and Ribeiro, Sergio and Ricciardi, Thiago Pereira and Rice, Ken and Richard, Olivier and Riello, Marco and Rieutord, Michel and Ripepi, Vincenzo and Rixon, Guy and Rockstein, Steve and Rodón Ortiz, José Ramón and Rodrigo Rodríguez, María Teresa and Rodríguez Amor, Alberto and Rodríguez Díaz, Luisa Fernanda and Rodriguez Garcia, Juan Pablo and Rodriguez-Gomez, Julio and Roehlly, Yannick and Roig, Fernando and Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara and Rolf, Tobias and Rørsted, Jakob Lysgaard and Rosado, Hugo and Rosotti, Giovanni and Roth, Olivier and Roth, Markus and Rousseau, Alex and Roxburgh, Ian and Roy, Fabrice and Royer, Pierre and Ruane, Kirk and Rufini Mastropasqua, Sergio and Ruiz De Galarreta, Claudia and Russi, Andrea and Saar, Steven and Saillenfest, Melaine and Salaris, Maurizio and Salmon, Sebastien and Saltas, Ippocratis and Samadi, Réza and Samadi, Aunia and Samra, Dominic and Sanches Da Silva, Tiago and Sánchez Carrasco, Miguel Andrés and Santerne, Alexandre and Santiago Pé, Amaia and Santoli, Francesco and Santos, Ängela R.G. and Sanz Mesa, Rosario and Sarro, Luis Manuel and Scandariato, Gaetano and Schäfer, Martin and Schlafly, Edward and Schmider, François Xavier and Schneider, Jean and Schou, Jesper and Schunker, Hannah and Schwarzkopf, Gabriel Jörg and Serenelli, Aldo and Seynaeve, Dries and Shan, Yutong and Shapiro, Alexander and Shipman, Russel and Sicilia, Daniela and Sierra Sanmartin, Maria Angeles and Sigot, Axelle and Silliman, Kyle and Silvotti, Roberto and Simon, Attila E. and Simoyama Napoli, Ricardo and Skarka, Marek and Smalley, Barry and Smiljanic, Rodolfo and Smit, Samuel and Smith, Alexis and Smith, Leigh and Snellen, Ignas and Sódor, Ádám and Sohl, Frank and Solanki, Sami K. and Sortino, Francesca and Sousa, Sérgio and Southworth, John and Souto, Diogo and Sozzetti, Alessandro and Stamatellos, Dimitris and Stassun, Keivan and Steller, Manfred and Stello, Dennis and Stelzer, Beate and Stiebeler, Ulrike and Stokholm, Amalie and Storelvmo, Trude and Strassmeier, Klaus and Strøm, Paul Anthony and Strugarek, Antoine and Sulis, Sophia and Švanda, Michal and Szabados, László and Szabó, Róbert and Szabó, Gyula M. and Szuszkiewicz, Ewa and Talens, Geert Jan and Teti, Daniele and Theisen, Tom and Thévenin, Frédéric and Thoul, Anne and Tiphene, Didier and Titz-Weider, Ruth and Tkachenko, Andrew and Tomecki, Daniel and Tonfat, Jorge and Tosi, Nicola and Trampedach, Regner and Traven, Gregor and Triaud, Amaury and Trønnes, Reidar and Tsantaki, Maria and Tschentscher, Matthias and Turin, Arnaud and Tvaruzka, Adam and Ulmer, Bernd and Ulmer-Moll, Solène and Ulusoy, Ceren and Umbriaco, Gabriele and Valencia, Diana and Valentini, Marica and Valio, Adriana and Valverde Guijarro, Ángel Luis and Van Eylen, Vincent and Van Grootel, Valerie and Van Kempen, Tim A. and Van Reeth, Timothy and Van Zelst, Iris and Vandenbussche, Bart and Vasiliou, Konstantinos and Vasilyev, Valeriy and Vaz De Mascarenhas, David and Vazan, Allona and Vela Nunez, Marina and Velloso, Eduardo Nunes and Ventura, Rita and Ventura, Paolo and Venturini, Julia and Vera Trallero, Isabel and Veras, Dimitri and Verdugo, Eva and Verma, Kuldeep and Vibert, Didier and Vicanek Martinez, Tobias and Vida, Krisztián and Vigan, Arthur and Villacorta, Antonio and Villaver, Eva and Villaverde Aparicio, Marcos and Viotto, Valentina and Vorobyov, Eduard and Vorontsov, Sergey and Wagner, Frank W. and Walton, Nicholas and Walton, Dave and Wang, Haiyang and Waters, Rens and Watson, Christopher and Wedemeyer, Sven and Weeks, Angharad and Weingrill, Jörg and Weiss, Annita and Wendler, Belinda and West, Richard and Westerdorff, Karsten and Westphal, Pierre Amaury and Wheatley, Peter and White, Tim and Whittaker, Amadou and Wickhusen, Kai and Wilson, Thomas and Windsor, James and Winter, Othon and Winther, Mark Lykke and Winton, Alistair and Witteck, Ulrike and Witzke, Veronika and Woitke, Peter and Wolter, David and Wuchterl, Günther and Wyatt, Mark and Yang, Dan and Yu, Jie and Zanmar Sanchez, Ricardo and Zapatero Osorio, María Rosa and Zechmeister, Mathias and Zhou, Yixiao and Ziemke, Claas and Zwintz, Konstanze and Böhm, Torsten and Dansac, Léo Michel}, issn = {1572-9508}, journal = {Experimental Astronomy}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{The PLATO mission}}, doi = {10.1007/s10686-025-09985-9}, volume = {59}, year = {2025}, } @unpublished{21309, abstract = {The polarization of light is a critically under-utilized, rich source of information in astronomy. For stars in particular, surface magnetism polarization that can be detected and measured with spectro-polarimetry. Many questions about these surface fields remain unanswered due to a lack of dedicated instruments capable of probing weak and strong surface magnetic fields for the entire mass range of stars, from M-dwarfs (and even substellar objects) to massive O-type stars at different evolutionary stages and metallicities. These questions range from the origin of these fields to their true incidence rate throughout the stellar population and the dependence on metallicity. Magnetic fields, although currently often excluded from stellar evolution models, play an important role in stellar evolution. Connecting the surface fields to internal fields through asteroseismology will instigate a new era of understanding stellar evolution and the transport of angular momentum and chemical elements throughout stellar interiors, also impacting our understanding of star-planet interactions and stellar remnants. Polarimetry is also an under-utilized tool to observationally constrain the mode identification of nonradial oscillations, which lies at the basis of accurate asteroseismic parameter estimation at percentage-level for stellar radii, masses, ages, internal rotation, and magnetic field strengths. Combining strong constraints on mode identification and surface magnetic properties through the acquisition of time-resolved, high-resolution and high-signal-to-noise (S/N) spectro-polarimetry and spectroscopy promises to bring leaps forward in our understanding of stellar structure, particularly when combined with long-term space photometric data from past, current, and future missions.}, author = {Vandersnickt, J. and Armenta, R. Ochoa and Vanlaer, V. and A. David-Uraz, A. David-Uraz and Aerts, C. and Das, S. B. and Bouret, J. -C. and Bowman, D. M. and Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle and Khalack, V. and J. Labadie-Bartz, J. Labadie-Bartz and Mathis, S. and Nazé, Y. and Neiner, C. and Petit, P. and Petit, V. and K. Thomson-Paressant, K. Thomson-Paressant and Doorsselaere, T. Van and Vanrespaille, M.}, booktitle = {arXiv}, title = {{Expanding stellar horizons with polarized light}}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2512.15170}, year = {2025}, } @article{20864, abstract = {Studies of the distant Universe are providing key insights into our understanding of the formation of galaxies. The advent of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has significantly enhanced our observational capabilities, leading to an expanded redshift frontier, providing unprecedented detail in the characterisation of early galaxies and enabling the discovery of new populations of accreting black holes. This review aims to provide an introduction to the basic processes and components that shape the observed spectra of galaxies, with a focus on their relevance to techniques with which high-redshift galaxies are selected. The review further introduces specific topics that have attracted significant attention in recent literature, including the discovery of highly efficient galaxy formation in the early Universe, the relation between galaxies and the process of reionization, new insights into the formation of the first stars and the enrichment of interstellar gas with heavy elements, and breakthroughs in our understanding of the origins of supermassive black holes.}, author = {Matthee, Jorryt J}, issn = {1366-5812}, journal = {Contemporary Physics}, number = {1-4}, pages = {116--151}, publisher = {Taylor & Francis}, title = {{JWST provides a new view of cosmic dawn: Latest developments in studies of early galaxies}}, doi = {10.1080/00107514.2025.2586370}, volume = {66}, year = {2025}, } @article{21322, abstract = {Habitat fragmentation poses a significant risk to population survival, causing both demographic stochasticity and genetic drift within local populations to increase, thereby increasing genetic load. Higher load causes population numbers to decline, which reduces the efficiency of selection and further increases load, resulting in a positive feedback that may drive entire populations to extinction. Here, we investigate this eco-evolutionary feedback in a metapopulation consisting of local demes connected via migration, with individuals subject to deleterious mutation at a large number of loci. We first analyze the determinants of load under soft selection, where population sizes are fixed, and then build on this to understand hard selection, where population sizes and load coevolve. We show that under soft selection, very little gene flow (less than one migrant per generation) is enough to prevent fixation of deleterious alleles. By contrast, much higher levels of migration are required to mitigate load and prevent extinction when selection is hard, with critical migration thresholds for metapopulation persistence increasing sharply as the genome-wide deleterious mutation rate becomes comparable to the baseline population growth rate. Moreover, critical migration thresholds are highest if deleterious mutations have intermediate selection coefficients but lower if alleles are predominantly recessive rather than additive (due to more efficient purging of recessive load within local populations). Our analysis is based on a combination of analytical approximations and simulations, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing load and extinction in fragmented populations.}, author = {Olusanya, Oluwafunmilola O and Khudiakova, Kseniia and Sachdeva, Himani}, issn = {1537-5323}, journal = {The American Naturalist}, number = {6}, pages = {617--636}, publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, title = {{Genetic load, eco-evolutionary feedback, and extinction in metapopulations}}, doi = {10.1086/735562}, volume = {205}, year = {2025}, } @misc{21668, abstract = {This artifact allows to review and reproduce the experiments from the paper *A Revised Practitioner's Guide to MDP Model Checking Algorithms*. The package contains all original logfiles and derived data used to generate the plots as in the paper. Furthermore, the artifact contains the model checking tools `Storm` and `mcsta` in the version exercised in the paper, the used Docker container, as well as benchmark instances and execution scripts to reproduce the experiments. See also the artifact of the conference paper: https://zenodo.org/records/7509474}, author = {Hartmanns, Arnd and Junges, Sebastian and Quatmann, Tim and Weininger, Maximilian}, publisher = {Zenodo}, title = {{Benchmark data for the revised practitioner's guide to MDP model checking algorithms}}, doi = {10.5281/ZENODO.14500423}, year = {2025}, } @unpublished{20982, abstract = {Plant cells respond to a wide range of stimuli through intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling. Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) are a major class of plant Ca2+ channels, with 20 homologs in Arabidopsis. These tetrameric plasma membrane proteins act downstream of diverse signals, such as phytohormones, extracellular damage, cell wall integrity or temperature. Here, we identify a class of plant-specific proteins, Armadillo Repeat Only (ARO), as essential regulators of possibly all plant CNGCs. Abrogation of functional sporophytic AROs results in a phenotypic pattern strongly reminiscent of CNGC dysfunction, including defects in root gravitropism, root hair growth and morphology, stomatal movement, and responses to extracellular ATP and the phytohormone auxin. aro2/3/4 mutants are fully resistant to the toxic effects caused by overexpression of CNGCs. AROs colocalize and physically interact with multiple CNGCs and modulate CNGC-dependent currents in Xenopus oocytes. Structural modeling and site-directed mutagenesis reveal AROs tetramer formation surrounding the CNGC channel, interacting via its IQ domain. Taken together, plant CNGC channels don’t act alone, but in a larger complex - channelosome, first of a kind in plants.}, author = {Kulich, Ivan and Oulehlová, Denisa and Vladimirtsev, Dmitrii and Zou, Minxia and Lileikyte, Edita and Bondar, Alexey and Kulichová, Katarína and Janda, Martin and Iakovenko, Oksana and Neubergerová, Michaela and Studtrucker, Tanja and Pleskot, Roman and Dietrich, Petra and Fendrych, Matyas and Friml, Jiří}, booktitle = {bioRxiv}, title = {{Armadillo repeat only proteins are required for the function of plant CNGC channels}}, doi = {10.1101/2025.01.06.631460}, year = {2025}, } @article{20260, abstract = {The medial axis of a set consists of the points in the ambient space without a unique closest point in the original set. Since its introduction, the medial axis has been used extensively in many applications as a method of computing a skeleton topologically equivalent to the original set. Unfortunately, one limiting factor in the use of the medial axis of a smooth manifold is that it is not necessarily topologically stable under small perturbations of the manifold. To counter these instabilities, various prunings of the medial axis have been proposed in the computational geometry community. Here, we examine one type of pruning, called burning. Because of the good experimental results it was hoped that the burning method of simplifying the medial axis would be stable. In this work, we show a simple example that dashes such hopes. Based on Bing’s house with two rooms, we demonstrate an isotopy of a shape where the medial axis goes from collapsible to non-collapsible. More precisely, we consider the standard deformation retract from the closed ball to Bing’s house with two rooms, but stop just short of the point where Bing’s house becomes two dimensional. This way we obtain an isotopy from the 3-ball to a thickened version of Bing’s house. Under this isotopy, the medial axis goes from collapsible to non-collapsible. We stress that this isotopy can be made generic, in the sense of singularity theory, as developed by Arnol’d and Thom.}, author = {Chambers, Erin Wolf and Fillmore, Christopher D and Stephenson, Elizabeth R and Wintraecken, Mathijs}, issn = {2730-9657}, journal = {La Matematica}, pages = {811--828}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Burning or collapsing the medial axis is unstable}}, doi = {10.1007/s44007-025-00170-0}, volume = {4}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{20819, abstract = {Clustering is a cornerstone of data analysis that is particularly suited to identifying coherent subgroups or substructures in unlabeled data, as are generated continuously in large amounts these days. However, in many cases traditional clustering methods are not applicable, because data are increasingly being produced and stored in a distributed way, e.g. on edge devices, and privacy concerns prevent it from being transferred to a central server. To address this challenge, we present FedDP-KMeans, a new algorithm for -means clustering that is fully-federated as well as differentially private. Our approach leverages (potentially small and out-of-distribution) server-side data to overcome the primary challenge of differentially private clustering methods: the need for a good initialization. Combining our initialization with a simple federated DP-Lloyds algorithm we obtain an algorithm that achieves excellent results on synthetic and real-world benchmark tasks. We also provide a theoretical analysis of our method that provides bounds on the convergence speed and cluster identification success.}, author = {Scott, Jonathan A and Lampert, Christoph and Saulpic, David}, booktitle = {42nd International Conference on Machine Learning}, issn = {2640-3498}, location = {Vancouver, Canada}, pages = {53757--53790}, publisher = {ML Research Press}, title = {{Differentially private federated k-means clustering with server-side data}}, volume = {267}, year = {2025}, } @unpublished{21207, abstract = {Personalized federated learning has emerged as a popular approach to training on devices holding statistically heterogeneous data, known as clients. However, most existing approaches require a client to have labeled data for training or finetuning in order to obtain their own personalized model. In this paper we address this by proposing FLowDUP, a novel method that is able to generate a personalized model using only a forward pass with unlabeled data. The generated model parameters reside in a low-dimensional subspace, enabling efficient communication and computation. FLowDUP's learning objective is theoretically motivated by our new transductive multi-task PAC-Bayesian generalization bound, that provides performance guarantees for unlabeled clients. The objective is structured in such a way that it allows both clients with labeled data and clients with only unlabeled data to contribute to the training process. To supplement our theoretical results we carry out a thorough experimental evaluation of FLowDUP, demonstrating strong empirical performance on a range of datasets with differing sorts of statistically heterogeneous clients. Through numerous ablation studies, we test the efficacy of the individual components of the method.}, author = {Zakerinia, Hossein and Scott, Jonathan A and Lampert, Christoph}, booktitle = {arXiv}, title = {{Federated learning with unlabeled clients: Personalization can happen in low dimensions}}, doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2505.15579}, year = {2025}, } @unpublished{21050, abstract = {In 1873, James C. Maxwell conjectured that the electric field generated by $n$ point charges in generic position has at most $(n-1)^2$ isolated zeroes. The first (non-optimal) upper bound was only obtained in 2007 by Gabrielov, Novikov and Shapiro, who also posed two additional interesting conjectures. In this article, we give the best upper bound known to date on the number of zeroes of the electric field, and construct a counterexample to a conjecture of Gabrielov, Novikov and Shapiro that the number of equilibria cannot exceed those of the distance function defined by the unit point charges. Finally, we note that it is quite possible that Maxwell's quadratic upper bound is not tight, so it is prudent to find smaller bounds. Hence, we also explore examples and construct configurations of charges achieving the highest ratios of the number of electric field zeroes by point charges found to this day.}, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Fillmore, Christopher D and Olivera, Gonçalo}, booktitle = {arXiv}, title = {{Counting equilibria of the electrostatic potential}}, doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2501.05315}, year = {2025}, }