@article{20293,
  abstract     = {Motivated by questions arising at the intersection of information theory and geometry, we compare two dissimilarity measures between finite categorical distributions. One is the well-known Jensen–Shannon divergence, which is easy to compute and whose square root is a proper metric. The other is what we call the minmax divergence, which is harder to compute. Just like the Jensen–Shannon divergence, it arises naturally from the Kullback–Leibler divergence. The main contribution of this paper is a proof showing that the minmax divergence can be tightly approximated by the Jensen–Shannon divergence. The bounds suggest that the square root of the minmax divergence is a metric, and we prove that this is indeed true in the one-dimensional case. The general case remains open. Finally, we consider analogous questions in the context of another Bregman divergence and the corresponding Burbea–Rao (Jensen–Bregman) divergence.},
  author       = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Virk, Ziga and Wagner, Hubert},
  issn         = {1099-4300},
  journal      = {Entropy},
  number       = {8},
  publisher    = {MDPI},
  title        = {{Tight bounds between the Jensen–Shannon divergence and the minmax divergence}},
  doi          = {10.3390/e27080854},
  volume       = {27},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20294,
  abstract     = {Little Red Dots (LRDs) are compact, point-like sources characterized by their red color and broad Balmer lines; it is a matter of debate whether they are dominated by active galactic nuclei (AGNs) or dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs). Here we report two LRDs (ID9094 and ID2756) at zspec > 7 recently discovered in the JWST FRESCO GOODS-North field. Both satisfy the “v-shaped” color and compactness criteria for LRDs and are identified as Type-I AGN candidates based on their broad Hβ emission lines (full width at half maximum: 2280 ± 490 km s−1 for ID9094 and 1070 ± 240 km s−1 for ID2756) and narrow [O III] lines (≃300 − 400 km s−1). To investigate their nature, we conducted deep NOEMA follow-up observations targeting the [C II] 158 μm emission line and the 1.3 mm dust continuum. We do not detect [C II] or 1.3 mm continuum emission for either source. If the two LRDs were DSFGs, we would expect significant detections: > 16σ for [C II] and > 3σ for the 1.3 mm continuum of ID9094, and > 5σ for the [C II] of ID2756. Using the 3σ upper limits of [C II] and 1.3 mm, we performed two analyses: (1) UV-to-far-infrared spectral energy distribution fitting with and without AGN components, and (2) comparison of their properties with the L[C II]–SFRtot empirical relation. Both analyses are consistent with a scenario in which AGN activity contributes to the observed properties, though a dusty star-forming origin cannot be fully ruled out. Our results highlight the importance of far-infrared observations for studying LRDs, a regime that remains largely unexplored.},
  author       = {Xiao, Mengyuan and Oesch, Pascal A. and Bing, Longji and Elbaz, David and Matthee, Jorryt J and Fudamoto, Yoshinobu and Fujimoto, Seiji and Marques-Chaves, Rui and Williams, Christina C. and Dessauges-Zavadsky, Miroslava and Valentino, Francesco and Brammer, Gabriel and Covelo-Paz, Alba and Daddi, Emanuele and Fynbo, Johan P.U. and Gillman, Steven and Ginolfi, Michele and Giovinazzo, Emma and Greene, Jenny E. and Gu, Qiusheng and Illingworth, Garth and Inayoshi, Kohei and Kokorev, Vasily and Meyer, Romain A. and Naidu, Rohan P. and Reddy, Naveen A. and Schaerer, Daniel and Shapley, Alice and Stefanon, Mauro and Steinhardt, Charles L. and Setton, David J. and Vestergaard, Marianne and Wang, Tao},
  issn         = {1432-0746},
  journal      = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
  publisher    = {EDP Sciences},
  title        = {{No [C II] or dust detection in two Little Red Dots at zspec > 7}},
  doi          = {10.1051/0004-6361/202554361},
  volume       = {700},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20295,
  abstract     = {Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) is a powerful technique for macroscopic imaging of the electrostatic potential above a surface. Though most often used to image work-function variations of conductive surfaces, it can also be used to probe the surface charge on insulating surfaces. In both cases, relating the measured potential to the underlying signal is non-trivial. Here, general relationships are derived between the measured SKPM voltage and the underlying source, revealing either can be cast as a convolution with an appropriately scaled point spread function (PSF). For charge that exists on a thin insulating layer above a conductor, the PSF has the same shape as what would occur from a work-function variation alone, differing by a simple scaling factor. This relationship is confirmed by: (1) backing it out from finite-element simulations of work-function and charge signals, and (2) experimentally comparing the measured PSF from a small work-function target to that from a small charge spot. This scaling factor is further validated by comparing SKPM charge measurements with Faraday cup measurements for highly charged samples from contact-charging experiments. These results highlight a heretofore unappreciated connection between SKPM voltage and charge signals, offering a rigorous recipe to extract either from experimental data.},
  author       = {Lenton, Isaac C and Pertl, Felix and Shafeek, Lubuna B and Waitukaitis, Scott R},
  issn         = {2196-7350},
  journal      = {Advanced Materials Interfaces},
  number       = {19},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy}},
  doi          = {10.1002/admi.202500521},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{20298,
  abstract     = {In this paper, we study the problem of estimating the unknown mean θ of a unit variance Gaussian distribution in a locally differentially private (LDP) way. In the high-privacy regime (ϵ≤1
), we identify an optimal privacy mechanism that minimizes the variance of the estimator asymptotically. Our main technical contribution is the maximization of the Fisher-Information of the sanitized data with respect to the local privacy mechanism Q. We find that the exact solution Qθ,ϵ of this maximization is the sign mechanism that applies randomized response to the sign of Xi−θ, where X1,…,Xn are the confidential iid original samples. However, since this optimal local mechanism depends on the unknown mean θ, we employ a two-stage LDP parameter estimation procedure which requires splitting agents into two groups. The first n1 observations are used to consistently but not necessarily efficiently estimate the parameter θ by θn1~
. Then this estimate is updated by applying the sign mechanism with θ~n1 instead of θ
 to the remaining n−n1 observations, to obtain an LDP and efficient estimator of the unknown mean.},
  author       = {Kalinin, Nikita and Steinberger, Lukas},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics},
  issn         = {2640-3498},
  location     = {Mai Khao, Thailand},
  pages        = {118--126},
  publisher    = {ML Research Press},
  title        = {{Efficient estimation of a Gaussian mean with local differential privacy}},
  volume       = {258},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{20300,
  abstract     = {Simultaneously addressing multiple objectives is becoming increasingly important in modern machine learning. At the same time, data is often high-dimensional and costly to label. For a single objective such as prediction risk, conventional regularization techniques are known to improve generalization when the data exhibits low-dimensional structure like sparsity. However, it is largely unexplored how to leverage this structure in the context of multi-objective learning (MOL) with multiple competing objectives. In this work, we discuss how the application of vanilla regularization approaches can fail, and propose a two-stage MOL framework that can successfully leverage low-dimensional structure. We demonstrate its effectiveness experimentally for multi-distribution learning and fairness-risk trade-offs.},
  author       = {Wegel, Tobias and Kovačević, Filip and Ţifrea, Alexandru and Yang, Fanny},
  booktitle    = {The 28th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics},
  issn         = {2640-3498},
  location     = {Mai Khao, Thailand},
  pages        = {4591--4599},
  publisher    = {ML Research Press},
  title        = {{Learning Pareto manifolds in high dimensions: How can regularization help?}},
  volume       = {258},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{20301,
  abstract     = {We study privately releasing column sums of a d-dimensional table with entries from a universe χ undergoing T row updates, called histogram under continual release. Our mechanisms give better additive ℓ∞-error than existing mechanisms for a large class of queries and input streams. Our first contribution is an output-sensitive mechanism in the insertions-only model (χ = {0, 1}) for maintaining (i) the histogram or (ii) queries that do not require maintaining the entire histogram, such as the maximum or minimum column sum, the median, or any quantiles. The mechanism has an additive error of O(d log2 (dq∗) + log T) whp, where q∗ is the maximum output value over all time steps on this dataset. The mechanism does not require q∗ as input. This breaks the Ω(d log T) bound of prior work when q∗ ≪ T. Our second contribution is a mechanism for the turnstile model that admits negative entry updates (χ = {−1, 0, 1}). This mechanism has an additive error of O(d log2(dK) + log T) whp, where K is the number of times two consecutive data rows differ, and the mechanism does not require K as input. This is useful when monitoring inputs that only vary under unusual circumstances. For d = 1 this gives the first
private mechanism with error O(log2 K + log T) for continual counting in the turnstile model, improving on the O(log2 n + log T) error bound by Dwork et al. (2015), where n is the number of ones in the stream, as well as allowing negative entries, while Dwork et al. (2015) can only handle nonnegative entries (χ = {0, 1}). },
  author       = {Henzinger, Monika H and Sricharan, A. R. and Steiner, Teresa Anna},
  booktitle    = {The 28th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics},
  issn         = {2640-3498},
  location     = {Mai Khao, Thailand},
  pages        = {1990--1998},
  publisher    = {ML Research Press},
  title        = {{Differentially private continual release of histograms and related queries}},
  volume       = {258},
  year         = {2025},
}

@inproceedings{20303,
  abstract     = {Observational genome-wide association studies are now widely used for causal inference in genetic epidemiology. To maintain privacy, such data is often only publicly available as summary statistics, and often studies for the endogenous covariates and the outcome are available separately. This has necessitated methods tailored to two-sample summary statistics. Current state-of-the-art methods modify linear instrumental variable (IV) regression---with genetic variants as instruments---to account for unmeasured confounding. However, since the endogenous covariates can be high dimensional, standard IV assumptions are generally insufficient to identify all causal effects simultaneously. We ensure identifiability by assuming the causal effects are sparse and propose a sparse causal effect two-sample IV estimator, spaceTSIV, adapting the spaceIV estimator by Pfister and Peters (2022) for two-sample summary statistics. We provide two methods, based on L0- and L1-penalization, respectively. We prove identifiability of the sparse causal effects in the two-sample setting and consistency of spaceTSIV. The performance of spaceTSIV is compared with existing two-sample IV methods in simulations. Finally, we showcase our methods using real proteomic and gene-expression data for drug-target discovery.},
  author       = {Huang, Shimeng and Pfister, Niklas and Bowden, Jack},
  booktitle    = {The 28th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics},
  issn         = {2640-3498},
  location     = {Mai Khao, Thailand},
  pages        = {3394--3402},
  publisher    = {ML Research Press},
  title        = {{Sparse causal effect estimation using two-sample summary statistics in the presence of unmeasured confounding}},
  volume       = {258},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20318,
  abstract     = {Lipid membranes and membrane deformations are a long-standing area of research in soft matter and biophysics. Computer simulations have complemented analytical and experimental approaches as one of the pillars in the field. However, setting up and using membrane simulations can come with barriers due to the multidisciplinary effort involved and the vast choice of existing simulations models. In this review, we introduce the non-expert reader to coarse-grained membrane simulations at the mesoscale. Firstly, we give a concise overview of the modelling approaches to study fluid membranes, together with guidance to more specialized references. Secondly, we provide a conceptual guide on how to develop mesoscale membrane simulations. Lastly, we construct a hands-on tutorial on how to apply mesoscale membrane simulations, by providing a pedagogical examination of membrane tether pulling, shape and mechanics of membrane tubes, and membrane fluctuations with three different membrane models, and discussing them in terms of their scope and how resource-intensive they are. To ease the reader's venture into the field, we provide a repository with ready-to-run tutorials.},
  author       = {Muñoz Basagoiti, Maitane and Frey, Felix F and Meadowcroft, Billie and Santana de Freitas Amaral, Miguel and Prada, Adam and Šarić, Anđela},
  issn         = {1744-6848},
  journal      = {Soft Matter},
  number       = {40},
  pages        = {7736--7756},
  publisher    = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  title        = {{A tutorial for mesoscale computer simulations of lipid membranes: Tether pulling, tubulation and fluctuations}},
  doi          = {10.1039/d5sm00148j},
  volume       = {21},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20319,
  abstract     = {The time needed by deep convection to bring the atmosphere back to equilibrium is called convective adjustment timescale or simply adjustment timescale, typically denoted by . In the Community Atmospheric Model|Community Atmosphere Model (CAM),  is the convective available potential energy (CAPE) relaxation timescale and is 1 hr, worldwide. Observational evidence suggests that  is generally longer than 1 hr. Further, continental and oceanic convection are different in terms of the vigor of updrafts and can have different longevities. So using  hour worldwide in CAM has two potential caveats. A longer  improves the simulation of the mean climate. However, it does not address the land‐ocean heterogeneity of atmospheric deep convection. We investigate the prescription of two different CAPE relaxation timescales for land ( hr) and ocean ( to 4 hr). It is arguably an extremely crude parameterization of boundary layer control on atmospheric convection. We contrast a suite of 5‐year‐long simulations with two different  for land and ocean to having one  globally. The choice of longer  over ocean is guided by previous studies and inspired by observational pieces of evidence. Nonetheless, to complement our variable  experiments, we perform a simulation with  hr and  hrs. Most importantly, our key findings are immune to the exact values of prescribed  and . The CAM model, with two  values , improves convective‐stratiform rainfall partitioning and the Madden–Julian oscillation propagation characteristics.},
  author       = {GOSWAMI, BIDYUT B and Polesello, Andrea and Muller, Caroline J},
  issn         = {1942-2466},
  journal      = {Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems},
  number       = {9},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{An assessment of representing land‐ocean heterogeneity via CAPE relaxation timescale in the Community Atmospheric Model 6 (CAM6)}},
  doi          = {10.1029/2025ms005035},
  volume       = {17},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20320,
  abstract     = {The pseudoforest version of the Strong Nine Dragon Tree Conjecture states that if a graph G has maximum average degree mad(G) = 2 maxH⊆G e(H)/v(H) at most 2(k + d/d+k+1), then it has a decomposition into k + 1 pseudoforests where in one pseudoforest F the components of F have at most d edges. This was proven in 2020 in Grout and Moore (2020). We strengthen this
theorem by showing that we can find such a decomposition where additionally F is acyclic, the diameter of the components of F is at most 2ℓ + 2, where ℓ =⌊d−1/k+1⌋, and at most 2ℓ + 1 if
d ≡ 1 mod (k + 1). Furthermore, for any component K of F and any z ∈ N, we have diam(K) ≤ 2z if e(K) ≥ d − z(k − 1) + 1. We also show that both diameter bounds are best possible as an
extension for both the Strong Nine Dragon Tree Conjecture for pseudoforests and its original conjecture for forests. In fact, they are still optimal even if we only enforce F to have any constant maximum degree, instead of enforcing every component of F to have at most d edges.},
  author       = {Mies, Sebastian and Moore, Benjamin and Smith-Roberge, Evelyne},
  issn         = {0195-6698},
  journal      = {European Journal of Combinatorics},
  number       = {12},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Beyond the pseudoforest strong Nine Dragon Tree theorem}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.ejc.2025.104214},
  volume       = {130},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20321,
  abstract     = {Microsecond-to-millisecond motions are instrumental for many biomolecular functions, including enzymatic activity and ligand binding. Bloch-McConnell Relaxation Dispersion (BMRD) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a key technique for studying these dynamic processes. While BMRD experiments are routinely used to probe protein motions in solution, the experiment is more demanding in the solid state, where dipolar couplings complicate the spin dynamics. It is believed that high deuteration levels are required and sufficient to obtain accurate and quantitative data. Here we show that even under fast magic-angle spinning and high levels of deuteration artifactual “bumps” in 15N R1ρ BMRD profiles are common. The origin of these artifacts is identified as a second-order three-spin Mixed Rotational and Rotary Resonance (MIRROR) recoupling condition. These artifacts are found to be a significant confounding factor for the accurate quantification of microsecond protein dynamics using BMRD in the solid state. We show that the application of low-power continuous wave (CW) decoupling simultaneously with the 15N spin-lock leads to the suppression of these conditions and enables quantitative measurements of microsecond exchange in the solid state. Remarkably, the application of decoupling allows the measurement of accurate BMRD even in fully protonated proteins at 100 kHz MAS, thus extending the scope of μs dynamics measurements in MAS NMR.},
  author       = {Tatman, Benjamin and Sridharan, Vidhyalakshmi and Uttarkabat, Motilal and Jaroniec, Christopher P. and Ernst, Matthias and Rovo, Petra and Schanda, Paul},
  issn         = {1520-5126},
  journal      = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
  number       = {32},
  pages        = {29315--29326},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
  title        = {{Bumps on the road: The way to clean relaxation dispersion magic-angle spinning NMR}},
  doi          = {10.1021/jacs.5c09057},
  volume       = {147},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20322,
  abstract     = {For correlated real symmetric or complex Hermitian random matrices, we prove that the local eigenvalue statistics at any cusp singularity are universal. Since the density of states typically exhibits only square root edge or cubic root cusp singularities, our result completes the proof of the Wigner–Dyson–Mehta universality conjecture in all spectral regimes for a very general class of random matrices. Previously only the bulk and the edge universality were established in this generality (Alt et al. in Ann Probab 48(2):963–1001, 2020), while cusp universality was proven only for Wigner-type matrices with independent entries (Cipolloni et al. in Pure Appl Anal 1:615–707, 2019; Erdős et al. in Commun. Math. Phys. 378:1203–1278, 2018). As our main technical input, we prove an optimal local law at the cusp using the <jats:italic>Zigzag strategy</jats:italic>, a recursive tandem of the characteristic flow method and a Green function comparison argument. Moreover, our proof of the optimal local law holds uniformly in the spectrum, thus we also provide a significantly simplified alternative proof of the local eigenvalue universality in the previously studied bulk (Erdős et al. in Forum Math. Sigma 7:E8, 2019) and edge (Alt et al. in Ann Probab 48(2):963–1001, 2020) regimes.},
  author       = {Erdös, László and Henheik, Sven Joscha and Riabov, Volodymyr},
  issn         = {1432-0916},
  journal      = {Communications in Mathematical Physics},
  number       = {10},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Cusp universality for correlated random matrices}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00220-025-05417-z},
  volume       = {406},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20325,
  abstract     = {Inferring genealogical relationships of wild populations is useful because it gives direct estimates of mating patterns and variance in reproductive success. Inference can be improved by including information about parentage shared between siblings, or by modelling phenotypes or population data related to mating. However, we currently lack a framework to infer parent–offspring relationships, sibships and population parameters in a single analysis. To address this, we here extend a previous method, Fractional Analysis of Paternity and Sibships, to include population data for the case where one parent is known. We illustrate this with the example of pollen dispersal in a natural hybrid zone population of the snapdragon Antirrhinum majus. Pollen dispersal is leptokurtic, with half of mating events occurring within 30 m, but with a long tail of mating events up to 859 m. Using simulations, we find that both sibship and population information substantially improve pedigree reconstruction, and that we can expect to resolve median dispersal distances with high accuracy.},
  author       = {Ellis, Thomas and Field, David and Barton, Nicholas H},
  issn         = {1365-294X},
  journal      = {Molecular Ecology},
  number       = {15},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{Joint estimation of paternity, sibships and pollen dispersal in a snapdragon hybrid zone}},
  doi          = {10.1111/mec.70051},
  volume       = {34},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20327,
  abstract     = {Confinement is a prominent phenomenon in condensed-matter and high-energy physics that has recently become the focus of quantum-simulation experiments of lattice gauge theories (LGTs). As such, a theoretical understanding of the effect of confinement on LGT dynamics is not only of fundamental importance but also can lend itself to upcoming experiments. Here we show how confinement in a Z2 LGT can be  avoided by proximity to a resonance between the fermion mass and the electric field strength. Furthermore, we show that this local deconfinement can become global for certain initial conditions, where information transport occurs over the entire chain. In addition, we show how this can lead to strong quantum many-body scarring starting in different initial states. Our findings provide deeper insights into the nature of confinement in Z2 LGTs and can be tested on current and near-term quantum devices.},
  author       = {Desaules, Jean-Yves Marc and Iadecola, Thomas and Halimeh, Jad C.},
  issn         = {2469-9969},
  journal      = {Physical Review B},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{Mass-assisted local deconfinement in a confined Z2 lattice gauge theory}},
  doi          = {10.1103/mfg2-t6gb},
  volume       = {112},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20329,
  abstract     = {Nanocrystals (NCs) of various compositions have made important contributions to science and technology, with their impact recognized by the 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery and synthesis of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Over four decades of research into NCs has led to numerous advancements in diverse fields, such as optoelectronics, catalysis, energy, medicine, and recently, quantum information and computing. The last 10 years since the predecessor perspective “Prospect of Nanoscience with Nanocrystals” was published in ACS Nano have seen NC research continuously evolve, yielding critical advances in fundamental understanding and practical applications. Mechanistic insights into NC formation have translated into precision control over NC size, shape, and composition. Emerging synthesis techniques have broadened the landscape of compounds obtainable in colloidal NC form. Sophistication in surface chemistry, jointly bolstered by theoretical models and experimental findings, has facilitated refined control over NC properties and represents a trusted gateway to enhanced NC stability and processability. The assembly of NCs into superlattices, along with two-dimensional (2D) photolithography and three-dimensional (3D) printing, has expanded their utility in creating materials with tailored properties. Applications of NCs are also flourishing, consolidating progress in fields targeted early on, such as optoelectronics and catalysis, and extending into areas ranging from quantum technology to phase-change memories. In this perspective, we review the extensive progress in research on NCs over the past decade and highlight key areas where future research may bring further breakthroughs.},
  author       = {Ibáñez, Maria and Boehme, Simon C. and Buonsanti, Raffaella and De Roo, Jonathan and Milliron, Delia J. and Ithurria, Sandrine and Rogach, Andrey L. and Cabot, Andreu and Yarema, Maksym and Cossairt, Brandi M. and Reiss, Peter and Talapin, Dmitri V. and Protesescu, Loredana and Hens, Zeger and Infante, Ivan and Bodnarchuk, Maryna I. and Ye, Xingchen and Wang, Yuanyuan and Zhang, Hao and Lhuillier, Emmanuel and Klimov, Victor I. and Utzat, Hendrik and Rainò, Gabriele and Kagan, Cherie R. and Cargnello, Matteo and Son, Jae Sung and Kovalenko, Maksym V.},
  issn         = {1936-086X},
  journal      = {ACS Nano},
  number       = {36},
  pages        = { 31969–32051},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
  title        = {{Prospects of nanoscience with nanocrystals: 2025 edition}},
  doi          = {10.1021/acsnano.5c07838},
  volume       = {19},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20330,
  abstract     = {The evolution of sexual dimorphism (the difference in average trait values between females and males, SD), is often thought to be constrained by shared genetic architecture between the sexes. Indeed, it is commonly expected that SD should negatively correlate with the intersex correlation (the genetic correlation between effects of segregating variants in females and males, r fm), either because (1) traits with ancestrally low r fm are less constrained in their ability to respond to sex-specific selection and thus evolve to be more dimorphic, or because (2) sex-specific selection, driving sexual dimorphism evolution, also acts to reduce r fm. Despite the intuitive appeal and prominence of these ideas, their generality and the conditions in which they hold remain unclear. Here, we develop models incorporating sex-specific stabilizing selection, mutation and genetic drift to examine the relationship between r fm and SD. We show that the two commonly-discussed mechanisms with the potential to generate a negative correlation between SD and r fm could just as easily generate a positive association, since the standard line of reasoning hinges on a hidden assumption that sex-specific adaptation more frequently favors increased dimorphism than reduced dimorphism. Our results provide, to our knowledge, the first mechanistic framework for understanding the conditions under which a correlation between r fm and SD may arise and offer a compelling explanation for inconsistent empirical evidence. We also make the intriguing observation that—even when selection between the two sexes is identical—drift generates nonzero SD. We quantify this effect and discuss its significance.},
  author       = {Puixeu Sala, Gemma and Hayward, Laura},
  issn         = {1943-2631},
  journal      = {Genetics},
  number       = {3},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{The relationship between sexual dimorphism and intersex correlation: Do models support intuition?}},
  doi          = {10.1093/genetics/iyaf175},
  volume       = {231},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20348,
  abstract     = {Central Asia hosts some of the world’s last relatively healthy mountain glaciers and is heavily dependent on snow and ice melt for downstream water supply, though the causes of this stable glacier state are not known. We combine recent in-situ observations, climate reanalysis and remote sensing data to force a land-surface model to reconstruct glacier changes over the last two decades (1999–2023) and disentangle their causes over a benchmark glacierized catchment in Tajikistan. We show that snowfall and snow depth have been substantially lower since 2018, leading to a decline in glacier health and reduced runoff generation. Remote-sensing observations confirm wider snow depletion across the Northwestern Pamirs, suggesting that a lack of snowfall might be a cause of mass losses regionally. Our results provide an explanation for the recent decline in glacier health in the region, and reinforce the need to better understand the variability of precipitation.},
  author       = {Jouberton, Achille and Shaw, Thomas and Miles, Evan and Kneib, Marin and Fugger, Stefan and Buri, Pascal and Mccarthy, Michael and Kayumov, Abdulhamid and Navruzshoev, Hofiz and Halimov, Ardamehr and Kabutov, Khusrav and Homidov, Farrukh and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {2662-4435},
  journal      = {Communications Earth and Environment},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Snowfall decrease in recent years undermines glacier health and meltwater resources in the Northwestern Pamirs}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s43247-025-02611-8},
  volume       = {6},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20349,
  abstract     = {Oogenesis – the formation and development of an oocyte – is fundamental to reproduction and embryonic development. Due to its accessibility to genetic manipulations and the ability to culture and experimentally manipulate oocytes ex vivo, zebrafish has emerged as a powerful vertebrate model system for studying oogenesis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of zebrafish oogenesis, from early germ cell formation to oocyte maturation and fertilization. We discuss recent advances in uncovering the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving this complex process and highlight key knowledge gaps that remain to be addressed.},
  author       = {Hofmann, Laura and Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J},
  issn         = {1096-3634},
  journal      = {Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Decoding zebrafish oogenesis: From primordial germ cell development to fertilization}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.semcdb.2025.103650},
  volume       = {175},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20350,
  abstract     = {Context. Rotation plays an important role in stellar evolution. However, the mechanisms behind the transport of angular momentum in stars at various stages of their evolution are not well understood. To improve our understanding of these processes, it is necessary to measure and validate the internal rotation profiles of stars across different stages of evolution and mass regimes.
Aims. Our aim is to constrain the internal rotation profile of the 12-M⊙ β Cep pulsator HD 192575 from the observed pulsational multiplets and the asymmetries of their component frequencies.
Methods. We updated the forward asteroseismic modelling of HD 192575 based on new TESS observations. We inverted the rotation profile from the symmetric part of the splittings and computed the multiplet asymmetries due to the Coriolis force and stellar deformation, which we treated perturbatively. We compared the computed asymmetries with the observed asymmetries.
Results. Our new forward asteroseismic modelling is in agreement with previous results but with increased uncertainties, partially due to increased frequency precision, which required us to relax certain constraints. Ambiguity in the mode identification is the main source of the uncertainty, which also affects the inferred rotation profiles. Almost all acceptable rotation profiles occur in the regime below 0.4 d−1 and favour weak radial differential rotation, with a ratio of core to envelope rotation of less than 2. We find that the quality of the match between the observed and theoretically predicted mode asymmetries is strongly dependent on the mode identification and the internal structure of the star.
Conclusions. Our results offer the first detailed rotation inversion for a β Cep pulsator. They show that the rotation profile and the mode asymmetries provide a valuable tool for further constraining the evolutionary properties of HD 192575, and in particular the details of angular momentum transport in massive stars.},
  author       = {Vanlaer, V. and Bowman, D. M. and Burssens, S. and Das, Srijan B and Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle and Mathis, S. and Aerts, C.},
  issn         = {1432-0746},
  journal      = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},
  publisher    = {EDP Sciences},
  title        = {{Interior rotation modelling of the β Cep pulsator HD 192575 including multiplet asymmetries}},
  doi          = {10.1051/0004-6361/202452885},
  volume       = {701},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20351,
  abstract     = {Rab GTPases organize intracellular trafficking and provide identity to organelles. Their spatiotemporal activation by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) is tightly controlled to ensure fidelity. Our structural and functional comparison of the tri-longin domain RabGEFs Mon1-Ccz1 and Fuzzy-Inturned reveals the molecular basis for their target specificity. Both complexes rely on a conserved sequence motif of their substrate GTPases for the catalytic mechanism, while secondary interactions allow discrimination between targets. We also find that dimeric Mon1-Ccz1 from fungi and the metazoan homologs with the additional third subunit RMC1/Bulli bind membranes through electrostatic interactions via distinct interfaces. Protein-lipid interaction studies and functional characterization in flies reveal an essential function of RMC1/Bulli as mediator of GEF complex membrane recruitment. In the case of Fuzzy-Inturned, reconstitution experiments demonstrate that the BAR (Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs) domain protein CiBAR1 can support membrane recruitment of the GEF. Collectively, our study demonstrates the molecular basis for the adaptation of TLD-RabGEFs to different cellular functions.},
  author       = {Wilmes, Stephan and Tönjes, Jesse and Drechsler, Maik and Ruf, Anita and Schäfer, Jan Hannes and Lürick, Anna and Januliene, Dovile and Apelt, Steven and Di Iorio, Daniele and Wegner, Seraphine V. and Loose, Martin and Moeller, Arne and Paululat, Achim and Kümmel, Daniel},
  issn         = {2375-2548},
  journal      = {Science Advances},
  number       = {35},
  pages        = {eadx2893},
  publisher    = {AAAS},
  title        = {{Mechanistic adaptation of the metazoan RabGEFs Mon1-Ccz1 and Fuzzy-Inturned}},
  doi          = {10.1126/sciadv.adx2893},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2025},
}