[{"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1432-0746"],"issn":["0004-6361"]},"doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202453185","status":"public","acknowledgement":"We thank the anonymous referee for providing a constructive report. We thank Tomer Shenar and Selma de Mink for the interesting discussions that helped us improve the content of Sect. 4. Thank you to Jorick Vink and Andreas Sander for helpful discussions about wind driving. BHA thanks the Caltech Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program and Peter Adams for supporting this project in memory of Alain Porter and Arthur R. Adams. BHA thanks Gwen Rudie for organizing the Carnegie Astrophysics Summer Student Internship (CASSI) program and all the staff at Carnegie Observatories who help to support this program. BHA also thanks Laura Jaliff, Sal Wanying Fu, Ivanna Escala, Johanna Teske, Tony Piro, Brian Lorenz, and Peter Senchyna for their mentorship during this project. Computing resources used for this work were made possible by a grant from the Ahmanson Foundation. We thank the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science for support, including Chris Burns for help with computations. This work used computing resources provided by Northwestern University and the Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA). This research was supported in part through the computational resources and staff contributions provided for the Quest high performance computing facility at Northwestern University which is jointly supported by the Office of the Provost, the Office for Research, and Northwestern University Information Technology. MRD acknowledges support from the NSERC through grant RGPIN-2019-06186, the Canada Research Chairs Program, and the Dunlap Institute at the University of Toronto. BHA is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-2234667.","year":"2025","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"text":"Stars stripped of their hydrogen-rich envelopes through binary interaction are thought to be responsible for both hydrogen-poor supernovae and the hard ionizing radiation observed in low-Z galaxies. A population of these stars was recently observed for the first time, but their prevalence remains unknown. In preparation for such measurements, we estimate the mass distribution of hot, stripped stars using a population synthesis code that interpolates over detailed single and binary stellar evolution tracks. We predict that for a constant star formation rate of 1 M⊙/yr and regardless of metallicity, a scalable model population contains ∼30 000 stripped stars with mass Mstrip > 1 M⊙ and ∼4000 stripped stars that are sufficiently massive to explode (Mstrip > 2.6 M⊙). Below Mstrip = 5 M⊙, the distribution is metallicity-independent and can be described by a power law with the exponent α ∼ −2. At higher masses and lower metallicity (Z ≲ 0.002), the mass distribution exhibits a drop. This originates from the prediction, frequently seen in evolutionary models, that massive low-metallicity stars do not expand substantially until central helium burning or later and therefore cannot form long-lived stripped stars. With weaker line-driven winds at low metallicity, this suggests that neither binary interaction nor wind mass loss can efficiently strip massive stars at low metallicity. As a result, a “helium-star desert” emerges around Mstrip = 15 M⊙ at Z = 0.002, covering an increasingly large mass range with decreasing metallicity. We note that these high-mass stars are those that potentially boost a galaxy’s He+-ionizing radiation and that participate in the formation of merging black holes. This “helium-star desert” therefore merits further study.","lang":"eng"}],"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","day":"01","type":"journal_article","file_date_updated":"2025-06-10T07:00:38Z","citation":{"short":"B. Hovis-Afflerbach, Y.L.L. Götberg, A. Schootemeijer, J. Klencki, A.L. Strom, B.A. Ludwig, M.R. Drout, Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics 697 (2025).","mla":"Hovis-Afflerbach, B., et al. “The Mass Distribution of Stars Stripped in Binaries: The Effect of Metallicity.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 697, A239, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453185\">10.1051/0004-6361/202453185</a>.","chicago":"Hovis-Afflerbach, B., Ylva Louise Linsdotter Götberg, A. Schootemeijer, J. Klencki, A. L. Strom, B. A. Ludwig, and M. R. Drout. “The Mass Distribution of Stars Stripped in Binaries: The Effect of Metallicity.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453185\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453185</a>.","ieee":"B. Hovis-Afflerbach <i>et al.</i>, “The mass distribution of stars stripped in binaries: The effect of metallicity,” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 697. EDP Sciences, 2025.","apa":"Hovis-Afflerbach, B., Götberg, Y. L. L., Schootemeijer, A., Klencki, J., Strom, A. L., Ludwig, B. A., &#38; Drout, M. R. (2025). The mass distribution of stars stripped in binaries: The effect of metallicity. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453185\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453185</a>","ista":"Hovis-Afflerbach B, Götberg YLL, Schootemeijer A, Klencki J, Strom AL, Ludwig BA, Drout MR. 2025. The mass distribution of stars stripped in binaries: The effect of metallicity. Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics. 697, A239.","ama":"Hovis-Afflerbach B, Götberg YLL, Schootemeijer A, et al. The mass distribution of stars stripped in binaries: The effect of metallicity. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. 2025;697. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453185\">10.1051/0004-6361/202453185</a>"},"month":"05","supplementarymaterial":"no","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","date_updated":"2026-09-16T09:06:06Z","article_number":"A239","external_id":{"arxiv":["2412.05356"],"isi":["001494033100007"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453185","department":[{"_id":"YlGo"}],"researchdata_availability":"no","publication_status":"published","publication":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"       697","ddc":["520"],"das_tickbox":"0","_id":"19797","has_accepted_license":"1","article_type":"original","date_created":"2025-06-08T22:01:22Z","oa":1,"isi":1,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","corr_author":"1","date_published":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","file":[{"file_id":"19799","relation":"main_file","success":1,"file_size":6378030,"checksum":"caa92beb22ab3146a75c5b03e926de1f","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_HovisAfflerbach.pdf","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2025-06-10T07:00:38Z","date_updated":"2025-06-10T07:00:38Z"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"arxiv":1,"author":[{"first_name":"B.","last_name":"Hovis-Afflerbach","full_name":"Hovis-Afflerbach, B."},{"full_name":"Götberg, Ylva Louise Linsdotter","orcid":"0000-0002-6960-6911","last_name":"Götberg","first_name":"Ylva Louise Linsdotter","id":"d0648d0c-0f64-11ee-a2e0-dd0faa2e4f7d"},{"full_name":"Schootemeijer, A.","first_name":"A.","last_name":"Schootemeijer"},{"full_name":"Klencki, J.","first_name":"J.","last_name":"Klencki"},{"full_name":"Strom, A. L.","first_name":"A. L.","last_name":"Strom"},{"full_name":"Ludwig, B. A.","last_name":"Ludwig","first_name":"B. A."},{"first_name":"M. R.","last_name":"Drout","full_name":"Drout, M. R."}],"title":"The mass distribution of stars stripped in binaries: The effect of metallicity","OA_place":"publisher","quality_controlled":"1","OA_type":"diamond","volume":697},{"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.17909/cfms-dg96","title":"MWC656 Analysis","author":[{"full_name":"Mueller-Horn, Johanna","last_name":"Mueller-Horn","first_name":"Johanna"}],"department":[{"_id":"YlGo"}],"OA_place":"repository","OA_type":"green","oa_version":"None","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2025-07-05T00:00:00Z","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public","id":"22816"}]},"date_updated":"2026-09-16T08:56:13Z","publisher":"Repository","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.17909/cfms-dg96","open_access":"1"}],"type":"research_data_reference","day":"05","citation":{"ama":"Mueller-Horn J. MWC656 Analysis. 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17909/cfms-dg96\">10.17909/cfms-dg96</a>","ista":"Mueller-Horn J. 2025. MWC656 Analysis, Repository, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17909/cfms-dg96\">10.17909/cfms-dg96</a>.","apa":"Mueller-Horn, J. (2025). MWC656 Analysis. Repository. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17909/cfms-dg96\">https://doi.org/10.17909/cfms-dg96</a>","ieee":"J. Mueller-Horn, “MWC656 Analysis.” Repository, 2025.","short":"J. Mueller-Horn, (2025).","chicago":"Mueller-Horn, Johanna. “MWC656 Analysis.” Repository, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17909/cfms-dg96\">https://doi.org/10.17909/cfms-dg96</a>.","mla":"Mueller-Horn, Johanna. <i>MWC656 Analysis</i>. Repository, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17909/cfms-dg96\">10.17909/cfms-dg96</a>."},"month":"07","doi":"10.17909/cfms-dg96","year":"2025","_id":"22933","ddc":["520"],"status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"The HST spectra obtained for MWC656 and spectral data used for comparison in the publication.\r\nThis DOI is provided by the MAST archive at Space Telescope Science Institute","lang":"eng"}],"oa":1,"date_created":"2026-09-16T08:51:40Z"},{"date_published":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_Bodensteiner.pdf","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2025-06-23T07:54:57Z","date_updated":"2025-06-23T07:54:57Z","file_id":"19866","relation":"main_file","success":1,"file_size":2404827,"checksum":"51d79c82f6030180fb7c5d7ba01b2da8","access_level":"open_access"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"arxiv":1,"title":"Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Multiplicity properties of Oe and Be stars","author":[{"full_name":"Bodensteiner, J.","last_name":"Bodensteiner","first_name":"J."},{"full_name":"Shenar, T.","first_name":"T.","last_name":"Shenar"},{"first_name":"H.","last_name":"Sana","full_name":"Sana, H."},{"last_name":"Britavskiy","first_name":"N.","full_name":"Britavskiy, N."},{"full_name":"Crowther, P. A.","last_name":"Crowther","first_name":"P. A."},{"full_name":"Langer, N.","first_name":"N.","last_name":"Langer"},{"full_name":"Lennon, D. J.","last_name":"Lennon","first_name":"D. J."},{"full_name":"Mahy, L.","last_name":"Mahy","first_name":"L."},{"first_name":"L. R.","last_name":"Patrick","full_name":"Patrick, L. R."},{"first_name":"J. I.","last_name":"Villaseñor","full_name":"Villaseñor, J. I."},{"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Abdul-Masih","full_name":"Abdul-Masih, M."},{"full_name":"Bowman, D. M.","last_name":"Bowman","first_name":"D. M."},{"last_name":"De Koter","first_name":"A.","full_name":"De Koter, A."},{"first_name":"S. E.","last_name":"De Mink","full_name":"De Mink, S. E."},{"first_name":"K.","last_name":"Deshmukh","full_name":"Deshmukh, K."},{"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Fabry","full_name":"Fabry, M."},{"full_name":"Gilkis, A.","last_name":"Gilkis","first_name":"A."},{"orcid":"0000-0002-6960-6911","full_name":"Götberg, Ylva Louise Linsdotter","id":"d0648d0c-0f64-11ee-a2e0-dd0faa2e4f7d","last_name":"Götberg","first_name":"Ylva Louise Linsdotter"},{"full_name":"Holgado, G.","last_name":"Holgado","first_name":"G."},{"full_name":"Izzard, R. G.","last_name":"Izzard","first_name":"R. G."},{"last_name":"Janssens","first_name":"S.","full_name":"Janssens, S."},{"last_name":"Kalari","first_name":"V. M.","full_name":"Kalari, V. M."},{"last_name":"Keszthelyi","first_name":"Z.","full_name":"Keszthelyi, Z."},{"last_name":"Kubát","first_name":"J.","full_name":"Kubát, J."},{"last_name":"Mandel","first_name":"I.","full_name":"Mandel, I."},{"full_name":"Maravelias, G.","first_name":"G.","last_name":"Maravelias"},{"first_name":"L. M.","last_name":"Oskinova","full_name":"Oskinova, L. M."},{"full_name":"Pauli, D.","first_name":"D.","last_name":"Pauli"},{"full_name":"Ramachandran, V.","first_name":"V.","last_name":"Ramachandran"},{"last_name":"Rocha","first_name":"D. F.","full_name":"Rocha, D. F."},{"full_name":"Renzo, M.","last_name":"Renzo","first_name":"M."},{"full_name":"Sander, A. A.C.","first_name":"A. A.C.","last_name":"Sander"},{"last_name":"Schneider","first_name":"F. R.N.","full_name":"Schneider, F. R.N."},{"last_name":"Schootemeijer","first_name":"A.","full_name":"Schootemeijer, A."},{"full_name":"Sen, K.","first_name":"K.","last_name":"Sen"},{"full_name":"Stoop, M.","first_name":"M.","last_name":"Stoop"},{"full_name":"Toonen, S.","last_name":"Toonen","first_name":"S."},{"first_name":"J. T.","last_name":"Van Loon","full_name":"Van Loon, J. T."},{"full_name":"Valli, R.","first_name":"R.","last_name":"Valli"},{"full_name":"Vigna-Gómez, A.","last_name":"Vigna-Gómez","first_name":"A."},{"full_name":"Vink, J. S.","first_name":"J. S.","last_name":"Vink"},{"last_name":"Wang","first_name":"C.","full_name":"Wang, C."},{"full_name":"Xu, X. T.","first_name":"X. T.","last_name":"Xu"}],"OA_place":"publisher","quality_controlled":"1","volume":698,"OA_type":"diamond","publication":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","intvolume":"       698","scopus_import":"1","das_tickbox":"1","ddc":["520"],"_id":"19844","has_accepted_license":"1","article_type":"original","oa":1,"date_created":"2025-06-15T22:01:30Z","publisher":"EDP Sciences","isi":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","date_updated":"2026-09-16T09:14:49Z","article_number":"A38","external_id":{"arxiv":["2502.02641"],"isi":["001497903100011"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452623","department":[{"_id":"YlGo"}],"researchdata_availability":"no","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-6361"],"eissn":["1432-0746"]},"doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202452623","status":"public","acknowledgement":"The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe research and innovation programme (grant agreement numbers 772225: MULTIPLES, and 945806) and is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy EXC 2181/1-390900948 (the Heidelberg STRUCTURES Excellence Cluster). DMB gratefully acknowledges funding from UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) in the form of a Frontier Research grant under the UK government’s ERC Horizon Europe funding guarantee (SYMPHONY; grant number: EP/Y031059/1), and a Royal Society University Research Fellowship (URF; grant number: URF\\R1\\231631). RGI is funded by STFC grant ST/Y002350/1 as part of the BRIDGCE UK network, and thanks IReNA colleagues for stimulating discussions. Z.K. acknowledges support from JSPS Kakenhi Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (23K19071). IM acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for GravitationalWave Discovery (OzGrav), through project number CE230100016. DP acknowledges financial support by the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR) grant FKZ 50OR2005. DFR is thankful for the support of CAPES-Br and FAPERJ/DSC-10 (SEI-260003/001630/2023). AACS and VR are supported by the German Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Project-ID 445674056 (Emmy Noether Research Group SA4064/1-1, PI Sander). AACS and VR are further supported by funding from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Science as part of the Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments. JIV acknowledges support from the European Research Council for the ERC Advanced Grant 101054731. LRP acknowledges support from grant PID2022-140483NB-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. GH acknowledges support from grants PID2021-122397NB-C21/PID2022-136640NB-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/FEDER/10.13039/501100011033. J.K. thanks for the support of a grant GA CR 22-34467S. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement 101164755/METAL) and was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) under grant number 2434/24.","year":"2025","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"text":"Context. Rapidly rotating classical OBe stars have been proposed as the products of binary interactions, and the fraction of Be stars with compact companions implies that at least some are. However, to constrain the interaction physics spinning up the OBe stars, a large sample of homogeneously analyzed OBe stars with well-determined binary characteristics and orbital parameters are required.\r\n\r\nAims. We investigated the multiplicity properties of a sample of 18 Oe, 62 Be, and two Of?p stars observed within the BLOeM survey in the Small Magellanic Cloud. We analyzed the first nine epochs of spectroscopic observations obtained over approximately three months in 2023.\r\n\r\nMethods. Radial velocities (RVs) of all stars were measured using cross-correlation based on different sets of absorption and emission lines. Applying commonly used binarity criteria, we classified objects as binaries, binary candidates, and apparently single (RV stable) objects. We further inspected the spectra for double-lined spectroscopic binaries and cross-matched with catalogs of X-ray sources and photometric binaries.\r\n\r\nResults. We classify 14 OBe stars as binaries, and an additional 11 as binary candidates. The two Of?p stars are apparently single. We find two more objects that are most likely currently interacting binaries. Without those, the observed binary fraction for the remaining OBe sample of 78 stars is fobs+candOBe = 0.18 ± 0.04 (fobs+candOBe = 0.32±0.05 including candidates). This binary fraction is less than half of that measured for OB stars in BLOeM. Combined with the lower fraction of SB2s, this suggests that OBe stars do indeed have fundamentally different present-day binary properties than OB stars. We find no evidence for OBe binaries with massive compact companions, in contrast to expectations from binary population synthesis.\r\n\r\nConclusions. Our results support the binary scenario as an important formation channel for OBe stars, as post-interaction binaries may have been disrupted or the stripped companions of OBe stars are harder to detect. Further observations are required to characterize the detected binaries, their orbital parameters, and the nature of their companions.","lang":"eng"}],"day":"01","type":"journal_article","file_date_updated":"2025-06-23T07:54:57Z","citation":{"ama":"Bodensteiner J, Shenar T, Sana H, et al. Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Multiplicity properties of Oe and Be stars. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. 2025;698. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452623\">10.1051/0004-6361/202452623</a>","ista":"Bodensteiner J, Shenar T, Sana H, Britavskiy N, Crowther PA, Langer N, Lennon DJ, Mahy L, Patrick LR, Villaseñor JI, Abdul-Masih M, Bowman DM, De Koter A, De Mink SE, Deshmukh K, Fabry M, Gilkis A, Götberg YLL, Holgado G, Izzard RG, Janssens S, Kalari VM, Keszthelyi Z, Kubát J, Mandel I, Maravelias G, Oskinova LM, Pauli D, Ramachandran V, Rocha DF, Renzo M, Sander AAC, Schneider FRN, Schootemeijer A, Sen K, Stoop M, Toonen S, Van Loon JT, Valli R, Vigna-Gómez A, Vink JS, Wang C, Xu XT. 2025. Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Multiplicity properties of Oe and Be stars. Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics. 698, A38.","apa":"Bodensteiner, J., Shenar, T., Sana, H., Britavskiy, N., Crowther, P. A., Langer, N., … Xu, X. T. (2025). Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Multiplicity properties of Oe and Be stars. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452623\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452623</a>","ieee":"J. Bodensteiner <i>et al.</i>, “Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Multiplicity properties of Oe and Be stars,” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 698. EDP Sciences, 2025.","short":"J. Bodensteiner, T. Shenar, H. Sana, N. Britavskiy, P.A. Crowther, N. Langer, D.J. Lennon, L. Mahy, L.R. Patrick, J.I. Villaseñor, M. Abdul-Masih, D.M. Bowman, A. De Koter, S.E. De Mink, K. Deshmukh, M. Fabry, A. Gilkis, Y.L.L. Götberg, G. Holgado, R.G. Izzard, S. Janssens, V.M. Kalari, Z. Keszthelyi, J. Kubát, I. Mandel, G. Maravelias, L.M. Oskinova, D. Pauli, V. Ramachandran, D.F. Rocha, M. Renzo, A.A.C. Sander, F.R.N. Schneider, A. Schootemeijer, K. Sen, M. Stoop, S. Toonen, J.T. Van Loon, R. Valli, A. Vigna-Gómez, J.S. Vink, C. Wang, X.T. Xu, Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics 698 (2025).","chicago":"Bodensteiner, J., T. Shenar, H. Sana, N. Britavskiy, P. A. Crowther, N. Langer, D. J. Lennon, et al. “Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Multiplicity Properties of Oe and Be Stars.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452623\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452623</a>.","mla":"Bodensteiner, J., et al. “Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Multiplicity Properties of Oe and Be Stars.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 698, A38, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452623\">10.1051/0004-6361/202452623</a>."},"supplementarymaterial":"yes","month":"06"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"arxiv":1,"date_published":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_Patrick.pdf","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2025-06-23T07:09:38Z","date_updated":"2025-06-23T07:09:38Z","file_id":"19863","relation":"main_file","file_size":2130448,"success":1,"checksum":"93a907bf48da7e2ba7d75b53ea6011f5","access_level":"open_access"}],"OA_place":"publisher","quality_controlled":"1","volume":698,"OA_type":"diamond","title":"Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): The multiplicity properties and evolution of BAF-type supergiants","author":[{"first_name":"L. R.","last_name":"Patrick","full_name":"Patrick, L. R."},{"last_name":"Lennon","first_name":"D. J.","full_name":"Lennon, D. J."},{"full_name":"Najarro, F.","last_name":"Najarro","first_name":"F."},{"first_name":"T.","last_name":"Shenar","full_name":"Shenar, T."},{"last_name":"Bodensteiner","first_name":"J.","full_name":"Bodensteiner, J."},{"full_name":"Sana, H.","first_name":"H.","last_name":"Sana"},{"full_name":"Crowther, P. A.","first_name":"P. A.","last_name":"Crowther"},{"full_name":"Britavskiy, N.","last_name":"Britavskiy","first_name":"N."},{"last_name":"Langer","first_name":"N.","full_name":"Langer, N."},{"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Schootemeijer","full_name":"Schootemeijer, A."},{"full_name":"Evans, C. J.","last_name":"Evans","first_name":"C. J."},{"full_name":"Mahy, L.","last_name":"Mahy","first_name":"L."},{"orcid":"0000-0002-6960-6911","full_name":"Götberg, Ylva Louise Linsdotter","id":"d0648d0c-0f64-11ee-a2e0-dd0faa2e4f7d","first_name":"Ylva Louise Linsdotter","last_name":"Götberg"},{"full_name":"De Mink, S. E.","first_name":"S. E.","last_name":"De Mink"},{"full_name":"Schneider, F. R.N.","last_name":"Schneider","first_name":"F. R.N."},{"full_name":"O’Grady, A. J.G.","first_name":"A. J.G.","last_name":"O’Grady"},{"first_name":"J. I.","last_name":"Villaseñor","full_name":"Villaseñor, J. I."},{"full_name":"Bernini-Peron, M.","last_name":"Bernini-Peron","first_name":"M."},{"full_name":"Bowman, D. M.","first_name":"D. M.","last_name":"Bowman"},{"full_name":"De Koter, A.","last_name":"De Koter","first_name":"A."},{"full_name":"Deshmukh, K.","first_name":"K.","last_name":"Deshmukh"},{"full_name":"Gilkis, A.","last_name":"Gilkis","first_name":"A."},{"first_name":"G.","last_name":"González-Torà","full_name":"González-Torà, G."},{"first_name":"V. M.","last_name":"Kalari","full_name":"Kalari, V. M."},{"full_name":"K̃Eszthelyi, Z.","first_name":"Z.","last_name":"K̃Eszthelyi"},{"last_name":"Mandel","first_name":"I.","full_name":"Mandel, I."},{"last_name":"Menon","first_name":"A.","full_name":"Menon, A."},{"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Moe","full_name":"Moe, M."},{"full_name":"Oskinova, L. M.","last_name":"Oskinova","first_name":"L. M."},{"full_name":"Pauli, D.","first_name":"D.","last_name":"Pauli"},{"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Renzo","full_name":"Renzo, M."},{"full_name":"Sander, A. A.C.","first_name":"A. A.C.","last_name":"Sander"},{"first_name":"K.","last_name":"Sen","full_name":"Sen, K."},{"full_name":"Stoop, M.","first_name":"M.","last_name":"Stoop"},{"full_name":"Van Loon, J. T.","first_name":"J. T.","last_name":"Van Loon"},{"full_name":"Toonen, S.","first_name":"S.","last_name":"Toonen"},{"full_name":"Tramper, F.","last_name":"Tramper","first_name":"F."},{"first_name":"J. S.","last_name":"Vink","full_name":"Vink, J. S."},{"first_name":"C.","last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, C."}],"has_accepted_license":"1","article_type":"original","oa":1,"date_created":"2025-06-15T22:01:29Z","publication":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"       698","das_tickbox":"1","ddc":["520"],"_id":"19842","publisher":"EDP Sciences","isi":1,"date_updated":"2026-09-16T09:11:14Z","article_number":"A39","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"Yes","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","department":[{"_id":"YlGo"}],"publication_status":"published","researchdata_availability":"no","external_id":{"arxiv":["2502.02644"],"isi":["001497903100028"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452949","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Given the uncertain evolutionary status of blue supergiant stars, their multiplicity properties hold vital clues to better understand their origin and evolution. As part of The Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM) campaign in the Small Magellanic Cloud, we present a multi-epoch spectroscopic survey of 128 supergiant stars of spectral type B5–F5, which roughly correspond to initial masses in the 6–30 M⊙ range. The observed binary fraction for the B5–9 supergiants is 25 ± 6% (10 ± 4%) and 5 ± 2% (0%) for the A–F stars, which were found using a radial-velocity (RV) variability threshold of 5 km s−1 (10 km s−1) as a criterion for binarity. Accounting for observational biases, we find an intrinsic multiplicity fraction of less than 18% for the B5–9 stars and 8−7+9% for the AF stars, for the orbital periods up to 103.5 days and mass ratios (q) in the 0.1 < q < 1 range. The large stellar radii of these supergiant stars prevent short orbital periods, but we demonstrate that this effect alone cannot explain our results. We assessed the spectra and RV time series of the detected binary systems and find that only a small fraction display convincing solutions. We conclude that the multiplicity fractions are compromised by intrinsic stellar variability, such that the true multiplicity fraction may be significantly smaller. Our main conclusions from comparing the multiplicity properties of the B5–9- and AF-type supergiants to that of their less evolved counterparts is that such stars cannot be explained by a direct evolution from the main sequence. Furthermore, by comparing their multiplicity properties to red supergiant stars, we conclude that the AF supergiant stars are neither progenitors nor descendants of red supergiants."}],"doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202452949","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1432-0746"],"issn":["0004-6361"]},"acknowledgement":"We thank Sipra Hota for kindly sharing the SMC UVIT catalogue prior to publication. LRP, FN. and FT acknowledge support by grants PID2019-105552RB-C41 and PID2022-137779OB-C41 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. LRP acknowledges support from grant PID2022-140483NB-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. TS acknowledges support by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) under grant number 0603225041. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement numbers 772225: MULTIPLES). DMB gratefully acknowledges support from UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) in the form of a Frontier Research grant under the UK government’s ERC Horizon Europe funding guarantee (SYMPHONY; grant number: EP/Y031059/1), and a Royal Society University Research Fellowship (grant number: URF\\R1\\231631). GGT is supported by the German Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Project-ID 496854903 (SA4064/2-1, PI Sander). AACS is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) in the form of an Emmy Noether Research Group – Project-ID 445674056 (SA4064/1-1, PI Sander). GGT and AACS further acknowledges support from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Science as part of the Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments. This paper benefited from discussions at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern through ISSI International Team project 512 (Multiwavelength View on Massive Stars in the Era of Multimessenger Astronomy). DP acknowledges financial support by the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR) grant FKZ 50OR2005. JIV acknowledges support from the European Research Council for the ERC Advanced Grant 101054731. PAC is supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council research grant ST/V000853/1 (PI. V. Dhillon). JSV is supported by Science and Technology Facilities Council funding under grant number ST/V000233/1. DFR is thankful for the support of the CAPES-Br and FAPERJ/DSC-10 (SEI-260003/001630/2023). This work has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 945806) and is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy EXC 2181/1-390900948 (the Heidelberg STRUCTURES Excellence Cluster).","status":"public","year":"2025","citation":{"apa":"Patrick, L. R., Lennon, D. J., Najarro, F., Shenar, T., Bodensteiner, J., Sana, H., … Wang, C. (2025). Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): The multiplicity properties and evolution of BAF-type supergiants. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452949\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452949</a>","ama":"Patrick LR, Lennon DJ, Najarro F, et al. Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): The multiplicity properties and evolution of BAF-type supergiants. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. 2025;698. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452949\">10.1051/0004-6361/202452949</a>","ista":"Patrick LR, Lennon DJ, Najarro F, Shenar T, Bodensteiner J, Sana H, Crowther PA, Britavskiy N, Langer N, Schootemeijer A, Evans CJ, Mahy L, Götberg YLL, De Mink SE, Schneider FRN, O’Grady AJG, Villaseñor JI, Bernini-Peron M, Bowman DM, De Koter A, Deshmukh K, Gilkis A, González-Torà G, Kalari VM, K̃Eszthelyi Z, Mandel I, Menon A, Moe M, Oskinova LM, Pauli D, Renzo M, Sander AAC, Sen K, Stoop M, Van Loon JT, Toonen S, Tramper F, Vink JS, Wang C. 2025. Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): The multiplicity properties and evolution of BAF-type supergiants. Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics. 698, A39.","ieee":"L. R. Patrick <i>et al.</i>, “Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): The multiplicity properties and evolution of BAF-type supergiants,” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 698. EDP Sciences, 2025.","short":"L.R. Patrick, D.J. Lennon, F. Najarro, T. Shenar, J. Bodensteiner, H. Sana, P.A. Crowther, N. Britavskiy, N. Langer, A. Schootemeijer, C.J. Evans, L. Mahy, Y.L.L. Götberg, S.E. De Mink, F.R.N. Schneider, A.J.G. O’Grady, J.I. Villaseñor, M. Bernini-Peron, D.M. Bowman, A. De Koter, K. Deshmukh, A. Gilkis, G. González-Torà, V.M. Kalari, Z. K̃Eszthelyi, I. Mandel, A. Menon, M. Moe, L.M. Oskinova, D. Pauli, M. Renzo, A.A.C. Sander, K. Sen, M. Stoop, J.T. Van Loon, S. Toonen, F. Tramper, J.S. Vink, C. Wang, Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics 698 (2025).","mla":"Patrick, L. R., et al. “Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): The Multiplicity Properties and Evolution of BAF-Type Supergiants.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 698, A39, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452949\">10.1051/0004-6361/202452949</a>.","chicago":"Patrick, L. R., D. J. Lennon, F. Najarro, T. Shenar, J. Bodensteiner, H. Sana, P. A. Crowther, et al. “Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): The Multiplicity Properties and Evolution of BAF-Type Supergiants.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452949\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452949</a>."},"month":"06","supplementarymaterial":"no","type":"journal_article","day":"01","file_date_updated":"2025-06-23T07:09:38Z"},{"date_published":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"arxiv":1,"title":"A high fraction of close massive binary stars at low metallicity","author":[{"full_name":"Sana, H.","last_name":"Sana","first_name":"H."},{"full_name":"Shenar, T.","first_name":"T.","last_name":"Shenar"},{"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Bodensteiner","full_name":"Bodensteiner, J."},{"first_name":"N.","last_name":"Britavskiy","full_name":"Britavskiy, N."},{"last_name":"Langer","first_name":"N.","full_name":"Langer, N."},{"full_name":"Lennon, D. J.","last_name":"Lennon","first_name":"D. J."},{"full_name":"Mahy, L.","last_name":"Mahy","first_name":"L."},{"full_name":"Mandel, I.","last_name":"Mandel","first_name":"I."},{"first_name":"S. E.","last_name":"De Mink","full_name":"De Mink, S. E."},{"first_name":"L. R.","last_name":"Patrick","full_name":"Patrick, L. R."},{"first_name":"J. I.","last_name":"Villaseñor","full_name":"Villaseñor, J. I."},{"full_name":"Dirickx, M.","last_name":"Dirickx","first_name":"M."},{"last_name":"Abdul-Masih","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Abdul-Masih, M."},{"full_name":"Almeida, L. A.","last_name":"Almeida","first_name":"L. A."},{"full_name":"Backs, F.","last_name":"Backs","first_name":"F."},{"full_name":"Berlanas, S. R.","last_name":"Berlanas","first_name":"S. R."},{"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Bernini-Peron","full_name":"Bernini-Peron, M."},{"last_name":"Bowman","first_name":"D. M.","full_name":"Bowman, D. M."},{"full_name":"Bronner, V. A.","first_name":"V. A.","last_name":"Bronner"},{"first_name":"P. A.","last_name":"Crowther","full_name":"Crowther, P. A."},{"full_name":"Deshmukh, K.","last_name":"Deshmukh","first_name":"K."},{"full_name":"Evans, C. J.","last_name":"Evans","first_name":"C. J."},{"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Fabry","full_name":"Fabry, M."},{"full_name":"Gieles, M.","first_name":"M.","last_name":"Gieles"},{"full_name":"Gilkis, A.","last_name":"Gilkis","first_name":"A."},{"full_name":"González-Torà, G.","first_name":"G.","last_name":"González-Torà"},{"first_name":"G.","last_name":"Gräfener","full_name":"Gräfener, G."},{"full_name":"Götberg, Ylva Louise Linsdotter","orcid":"0000-0002-6960-6911","first_name":"Ylva Louise Linsdotter","last_name":"Götberg","id":"d0648d0c-0f64-11ee-a2e0-dd0faa2e4f7d"},{"last_name":"Hawcroft","first_name":"C.","full_name":"Hawcroft, C."},{"full_name":"Hénault-Brunet, V.","first_name":"V.","last_name":"Hénault-Brunet"},{"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Herrero","full_name":"Herrero, A."},{"last_name":"Holgado","first_name":"G.","full_name":"Holgado, G."},{"full_name":"Izzard, R. G.","last_name":"Izzard","first_name":"R. G."},{"full_name":"De Koter, A.","last_name":"De Koter","first_name":"A."},{"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Janssens","full_name":"Janssens, S."},{"full_name":"Johnston, C.","first_name":"C.","last_name":"Johnston"},{"full_name":"Josiek, J.","first_name":"J.","last_name":"Josiek"},{"full_name":"Justham, S.","last_name":"Justham","first_name":"S."},{"full_name":"Kalari, V. M.","first_name":"V. M.","last_name":"Kalari"},{"full_name":"Klencki, J.","first_name":"J.","last_name":"Klencki"},{"last_name":"Kubát","first_name":"J.","full_name":"Kubát, J."},{"full_name":"Kubátová, B.","last_name":"Kubátová","first_name":"B."},{"full_name":"Lefever, R. R.","first_name":"R. R.","last_name":"Lefever"},{"first_name":"J. Th","last_name":"Van Loon","full_name":"Van Loon, J. Th"},{"last_name":"Ludwig","first_name":"B.","full_name":"Ludwig, B."},{"last_name":"Mackey","first_name":"J.","full_name":"Mackey, J."},{"last_name":"Maíz Apellániz","first_name":"J.","full_name":"Maíz Apellániz, J."},{"first_name":"G.","last_name":"Maravelias","full_name":"Maravelias, G."},{"full_name":"Marchant, P.","first_name":"P.","last_name":"Marchant"},{"full_name":"Mazeh, T.","first_name":"T.","last_name":"Mazeh"},{"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Menon","full_name":"Menon, A."},{"full_name":"Moe, M.","first_name":"M.","last_name":"Moe"},{"last_name":"Najarro","first_name":"F.","full_name":"Najarro, F."},{"full_name":"Oskinova, L. M.","last_name":"Oskinova","first_name":"L. M."},{"first_name":"R.","last_name":"Ovadia","full_name":"Ovadia, R."},{"full_name":"Pauli, D.","first_name":"D.","last_name":"Pauli"},{"last_name":"Pawlak","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Pawlak, M."},{"full_name":"Ramachandran, V.","first_name":"V.","last_name":"Ramachandran"},{"last_name":"Renzo","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Renzo, M."},{"first_name":"D. F.","last_name":"Rocha","full_name":"Rocha, D. F."},{"first_name":"A. A.C.","last_name":"Sander","full_name":"Sander, A. A.C."},{"full_name":"Schneider, F. R.N.","first_name":"F. R.N.","last_name":"Schneider"},{"last_name":"Schootemeijer","first_name":"A.","full_name":"Schootemeijer, A."},{"first_name":"E. C.","last_name":"Schösser","full_name":"Schösser, E. C."},{"last_name":"Schürmann","first_name":"C.","full_name":"Schürmann, C."},{"first_name":"K.","last_name":"Sen","full_name":"Sen, K."},{"full_name":"Shahaf, S.","last_name":"Shahaf","first_name":"S."},{"full_name":"Simón-Díaz, S.","last_name":"Simón-Díaz","first_name":"S."},{"last_name":"Van Son","first_name":"L. A.C.","full_name":"Van Son, L. A.C."},{"last_name":"Stoop","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Stoop, M."},{"full_name":"Toonen, S.","first_name":"S.","last_name":"Toonen"},{"full_name":"Tramper, F.","last_name":"Tramper","first_name":"F."},{"last_name":"Valli","first_name":"R.","full_name":"Valli, R."},{"full_name":"Vigna-Gómez, A.","first_name":"A.","last_name":"Vigna-Gómez"},{"full_name":"Vink, J. S.","first_name":"J. S.","last_name":"Vink"},{"full_name":"Wang, C.","first_name":"C.","last_name":"Wang"},{"full_name":"Willcox, R.","first_name":"R.","last_name":"Willcox"}],"OA_place":"repository","quality_controlled":"1","volume":9,"OA_type":"green","publication":"Nature Astronomy","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"         9","page":"1337-1346","das_tickbox":"1","_id":"20352","article_type":"original","oa":1,"date_created":"2025-09-14T22:01:32Z","publisher":"Springer Nature","isi":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","date_updated":"2026-09-16T10:03:32Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2509.12488"],"isi":["001568077900001"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x","department":[{"_id":"YlGo"}],"publication_status":"published","researchdata_availability":"no","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2397-3366"]},"doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x","status":"public","acknowledgement":"Based on data collected at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) under programme ID 112.25R7. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe research and innovation programme (grant agreement numbers 772225: MULTIPLES, 772086: ASSESS and 945806: TEL-STARS, ADG101054731: Stellar-BHs-SDSS-V, and 101164755: METAL). This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) under grant number 0603225041. We acknowledge support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (research grant ST/V000853/1 and ST/V000233/1), UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) and the UK government’s ERC Horizon Europe funding guarantee (grant number EP/Y031059/1), a Royal Society University Research Fellowship (grant number URF\\R1\\231631), a Royal Society–Science Foundation Ireland University Research Fellowship, the German Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Project-ID 496854903, 445674056 and 443790621, Germany’s Excellence Strategy EXC 2181/1-390900948), the Klaus Tschira Foundation, the JSPS Kakenhi Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (23K19071) and international fellowships (at the Graduate school of Science, Tokyo University), the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav; project number CE230100016), the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR) grants FKZ 50OR2005 and 50OR2306, Agencia Española de Investigación (AEI) of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades (MICIU) and the European Regional Development Fund, FEDER and Severo Ochoa Programme (grants PID2021-122397NB-C21 and CEX2019-000920-S), the NextGeneration EU/PRTR and MIU (UNI/551/2021) trough grant Margarita Salas-UL, the CAPES-Br and FAPERJ/DSC-10 (SEI-260003/001630/2023), MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 by ‘ERDF A way of making Europe’ (grants PID2019-105552RB-C41 and PID2022-137779OB-C41, PID2021-125485NB-C22, CEX2019-000918-M) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (State Agency for Research of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) and SGR-2021-01069 (AGAUR), the Spanish Government Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (10.13 039/501 100 011 033; grant PID2022-136 640 NB-C22), the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC; grant 2022-AEP 005), the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (BEKKER fellowship BPN/BEK/2022/1/00106) and National Science Center (NCN, Poland; grant number OPUS 2021/41/B/ST9/00757), the ‘La Caixa’ Foundation (ID 100010434) under the fellowship code LCF/BQ/PI23/11970035, the Research foundation Flanders (FWO) PhD fellowship under project 11E1721N and senior postdoctoral fellowship under number 12ZY523N, and the Netherlands Research Council NWO (VIDI 203.061 grant).","year":"2025","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"At high metallicity, a majority of massive stars have at least one close stellar companion. The evolution of such binaries is subject to strong interaction processes, which heavily impact the characteristics of their life-ending supernova and compact remnants. For the low-metallicity environments of high-redshift galaxies, constraints on the multiplicity properties of massive stars over the separation range leading to binary interaction are crucially missing. Here we show that the presence of massive stars in close binaries is ubiquitous, even at low metallicity. Using the Very Large Telescope, we obtained multi-epoch radial velocity measurements of a representative sample of 139 massive O-type stars across the Small Magellanic Cloud, which has a metal content of about one-fifth of the solar value. We find that 45% of them show radial velocity variations that demonstrate that they are members of close binary systems, and predominantly have orbital periods shorter than 1 year. Correcting for observational biases indicates that at least 70+11−6 %  of the O stars in our sample are in close binaries, and that at least 68+7\r\n−8% of all O stars interact with a companion star during their lifetime. We found no evidence supporting a statistically significant trend of the multiplicity properties with metallicity. Our results indicate that multiplicity and binary interactions govern the evolution of massive stars and determine their cosmic feedback and explosive fates."}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.12488"}],"type":"journal_article","day":"02","citation":{"short":"H. Sana, T. Shenar, J. Bodensteiner, N. Britavskiy, N. Langer, D.J. Lennon, L. Mahy, I. Mandel, S.E. De Mink, L.R. Patrick, J.I. Villaseñor, M. Dirickx, M. Abdul-Masih, L.A. Almeida, F. Backs, S.R. Berlanas, M. Bernini-Peron, D.M. Bowman, V.A. Bronner, P.A. Crowther, K. Deshmukh, C.J. Evans, M. Fabry, M. Gieles, A. Gilkis, G. González-Torà, G. Gräfener, Y.L.L. Götberg, C. Hawcroft, V. Hénault-Brunet, A. Herrero, G. Holgado, R.G. Izzard, A. De Koter, S. Janssens, C. Johnston, J. Josiek, S. Justham, V.M. Kalari, J. Klencki, J. Kubát, B. Kubátová, R.R. Lefever, J.T. Van Loon, B. Ludwig, J. Mackey, J. Maíz Apellániz, G. Maravelias, P. Marchant, T. Mazeh, A. Menon, M. Moe, F. Najarro, L.M. Oskinova, R. Ovadia, D. Pauli, M. Pawlak, V. Ramachandran, M. Renzo, D.F. Rocha, A.A.C. Sander, F.R.N. Schneider, A. Schootemeijer, E.C. Schösser, C. Schürmann, K. Sen, S. Shahaf, S. Simón-Díaz, L.A.C. Van Son, M. Stoop, S. Toonen, F. Tramper, R. Valli, A. Vigna-Gómez, J.S. Vink, C. Wang, R. Willcox, Nature Astronomy 9 (2025) 1337–1346.","chicago":"Sana, H., T. Shenar, J. Bodensteiner, N. Britavskiy, N. Langer, D. J. Lennon, L. Mahy, et al. “A High Fraction of Close Massive Binary Stars at Low Metallicity.” <i>Nature Astronomy</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x</a>.","mla":"Sana, H., et al. “A High Fraction of Close Massive Binary Stars at Low Metallicity.” <i>Nature Astronomy</i>, vol. 9, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 1337–46, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x\">10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x</a>.","ieee":"H. Sana <i>et al.</i>, “A high fraction of close massive binary stars at low metallicity,” <i>Nature Astronomy</i>, vol. 9. Springer Nature, pp. 1337–1346, 2025.","ista":"Sana H, Shenar T, Bodensteiner J, Britavskiy N, Langer N, Lennon DJ, Mahy L, Mandel I, De Mink SE, Patrick LR, Villaseñor JI, Dirickx M, Abdul-Masih M, Almeida LA, Backs F, Berlanas SR, Bernini-Peron M, Bowman DM, Bronner VA, Crowther PA, Deshmukh K, Evans CJ, Fabry M, Gieles M, Gilkis A, González-Torà G, Gräfener G, Götberg YLL, Hawcroft C, Hénault-Brunet V, Herrero A, Holgado G, Izzard RG, De Koter A, Janssens S, Johnston C, Josiek J, Justham S, Kalari VM, Klencki J, Kubát J, Kubátová B, Lefever RR, Van Loon JT, Ludwig B, Mackey J, Maíz Apellániz J, Maravelias G, Marchant P, Mazeh T, Menon A, Moe M, Najarro F, Oskinova LM, Ovadia R, Pauli D, Pawlak M, Ramachandran V, Renzo M, Rocha DF, Sander AAC, Schneider FRN, Schootemeijer A, Schösser EC, Schürmann C, Sen K, Shahaf S, Simón-Díaz S, Van Son LAC, Stoop M, Toonen S, Tramper F, Valli R, Vigna-Gómez A, Vink JS, Wang C, Willcox R. 2025. A high fraction of close massive binary stars at low metallicity. Nature Astronomy. 9, 1337–1346.","apa":"Sana, H., Shenar, T., Bodensteiner, J., Britavskiy, N., Langer, N., Lennon, D. J., … Willcox, R. (2025). A high fraction of close massive binary stars at low metallicity. <i>Nature Astronomy</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x</a>","ama":"Sana H, Shenar T, Bodensteiner J, et al. A high fraction of close massive binary stars at low metallicity. <i>Nature Astronomy</i>. 2025;9:1337-1346. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x\">10.1038/s41550-025-02610-x</a>"},"supplementarymaterial":"no","month":"09"},{"_id":"19546","publication":"arXiv","date_created":"2025-04-11T08:34:49Z","oa":1,"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Random matrices beyond Wigner-Dyson-Mehta","_id":"62796744-2b32-11ec-9570-940b20777f1d","grant_number":"101020331"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Cipolloni","first_name":"Giorgio","id":"42198EFA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Cipolloni, Giorgio","orcid":"0000-0002-4901-7992"},{"first_name":"László","last_name":"Erdös","id":"4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Erdös, László","orcid":"0000-0001-5366-9603"},{"id":"31d731d7-d235-11ea-ad11-b50331c8d7fb","last_name":"Henheik","first_name":"Sven Joscha","orcid":"0000-0003-1106-327X","full_name":"Henheik, Sven Joscha"},{"id":"149b70d4-896a-11ed-bdf8-8c63fd44ca61","last_name":"Kolupaiev","first_name":"Oleksii","orcid":"0000-0003-1491-4623","full_name":"Kolupaiev, Oleksii"}],"title":"Eigenvector decorrelation for random matrices","OA_place":"repository","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"19540","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"},{"id":"22923","relation":"later_version","status":"public"}]},"corr_author":"1","date_published":"2025-01-30T00:00:00Z","arxiv":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"preprint","day":"30","ec_funded":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718","open_access":"1"}],"month":"01","citation":{"short":"G. Cipolloni, L. Erdös, S.J. Henheik, O. Kolupaiev, ArXiv (n.d.).","chicago":"Cipolloni, Giorgio, László Erdös, Sven Joscha Henheik, and Oleksii Kolupaiev. “Eigenvector Decorrelation for Random Matrices.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718</a>.","mla":"Cipolloni, Giorgio, et al. “Eigenvector Decorrelation for Random Matrices.” <i>ArXiv</i>, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718\">10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718</a>.","ieee":"G. Cipolloni, L. Erdös, S. J. Henheik, and O. Kolupaiev, “Eigenvector decorrelation for random matrices,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","ama":"Cipolloni G, Erdös L, Henheik SJ, Kolupaiev O. Eigenvector decorrelation for random matrices. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718\">10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718</a>","apa":"Cipolloni, G., Erdös, L., Henheik, S. J., &#38; Kolupaiev, O. (n.d.). Eigenvector decorrelation for random matrices. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718</a>","ista":"Cipolloni G, Erdös L, Henheik SJ, Kolupaiev O. Eigenvector decorrelation for random matrices. arXiv, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718\">10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718</a>."},"year":"2025","status":"public","acknowledgement":"Supported by the ERC Advanced Grant “RMTBeyond” No. 101020331.","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We study the sensitivity of the eigenvectors of random matrices, showing that\r\neven small perturbations make the eigenvectors almost orthogonal. More\r\nprecisely, we consider two deformed Wigner matrices $W+D_1$, $W+D_2$ and show\r\nthat their bulk eigenvectors become asymptotically orthogonal as soon as\r\n$\\mathrm{Tr}(D_1-D_2)^2\\gg 1$, or their respective energies are separated on a\r\nscale much bigger than the local eigenvalue spacing. Furthermore, we show that\r\nquadratic forms of eigenvectors of $W+D_1$, $W+D_2$ with any deterministic\r\nmatrix $A\\in\\mathbf{C}^{N\\times N}$ in a specific subspace of codimension one\r\nare of size $N^{-1/2}$. This proves a generalization of the Eigenstate\r\nThermalization Hypothesis to eigenvectors belonging to two different spectral\r\nfamilies."}],"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10718","external_id":{"arxiv":["2410.10718"]},"publication_status":"draft","department":[{"_id":"LaEr"}],"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","date_updated":"2026-09-16T10:00:54Z"},{"OA_place":"repository","quality_controlled":"1","OA_type":"green","volume":38,"title":"HALO: Hadamard-assisted lower-precision optimization for LLMs","author":[{"full_name":"Ashkboos, Saleh","last_name":"Ashkboos","first_name":"Saleh"},{"id":"66374281-f394-11eb-9cf6-869147deecc0","first_name":"Mahdi","last_name":"Nikdan","full_name":"Nikdan, Mahdi"},{"first_name":"Soroush","last_name":"Tabesh","id":"06000900-6068-11ef-8d61-c2472ef2e752","full_name":"Tabesh, Soroush","orcid":"0009-0003-4119-6281"},{"last_name":"Lopez Castro","first_name":"Roberto","id":"18495c31-fb57-11ef-ba0d-c290e10e394e","full_name":"Lopez Castro, Roberto"},{"full_name":"Hoefler, Torsten","last_name":"Hoefler","first_name":"Torsten"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-3650-940X","full_name":"Alistarh, Dan-Adrian","id":"4A899BFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Alistarh","first_name":"Dan-Adrian"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"arxiv":1,"date_published":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","conference":{"end_date":"2025-12-07","name":"NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems","start_date":"2025-12-02","location":"San Diego, CA, United States"},"alternative_title":["Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"],"publisher":"Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation","date_created":"2026-09-06T22:02:00Z","oa":1,"publication":"39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"        38","das_tickbox":"0","page":"131755-131780","_id":"22827","department":[{"_id":"DaAl"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"publication_status":"published","researchdata_availability":"no","external_id":{"arxiv":["2501.02625"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3966","date_updated":"2026-09-17T06:39:18Z","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"ama":"Ashkboos S, Nikdan M, Tabesh S, Lopez Castro R, Hoefler T, Alistarh D-A. HALO: Hadamard-assisted lower-precision optimization for LLMs. In: <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>. Vol 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation; 2025:131755-131780. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3966\">10.52202/085713-3966</a>","ista":"Ashkboos S, Nikdan M, Tabesh S, Lopez Castro R, Hoefler T, Alistarh D-A. 2025. HALO: Hadamard-assisted lower-precision optimization for LLMs. 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 38, 131755–131780.","apa":"Ashkboos, S., Nikdan, M., Tabesh, S., Lopez Castro, R., Hoefler, T., &#38; Alistarh, D.-A. (2025). HALO: Hadamard-assisted lower-precision optimization for LLMs. In <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i> (Vol. 38, pp. 131755–131780). San Diego, CA, United States: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3966\">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3966</a>","ieee":"S. Ashkboos, M. Nikdan, S. Tabesh, R. Lopez Castro, T. Hoefler, and D.-A. Alistarh, “HALO: Hadamard-assisted lower-precision optimization for LLMs,” in <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, San Diego, CA, United States, 2025, vol. 38, pp. 131755–131780.","mla":"Ashkboos, Saleh, et al. “HALO: Hadamard-Assisted Lower-Precision Optimization for LLMs.” <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, vol. 38, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 131755–80, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3966\">10.52202/085713-3966</a>.","chicago":"Ashkboos, Saleh, Mahdi Nikdan, Soroush Tabesh, Roberto Lopez Castro, Torsten Hoefler, and Dan-Adrian Alistarh. “HALO: Hadamard-Assisted Lower-Precision Optimization for LLMs.” In <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, 38:131755–80. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3966\">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3966</a>.","short":"S. Ashkboos, M. Nikdan, S. Tabesh, R. Lopez Castro, T. Hoefler, D.-A. Alistarh, in:, 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 131755–131780."},"month":"12","supplementarymaterial":"no","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2501.02625"}],"type":"conference","day":"01","abstract":[{"text":"Quantized training of Large Language Models (LLMs) remains an open challenge, as maintaining accuracy while performing all matrix multiplications in low precision has proven difficult. This is particularly the case when fine-tuning pre-trained models, which can have large weight, activation, and error (output gradient) outlier values that make lower-precision optimization difficult. To address this, we present HALO, a new quantization-aware training approach for Transformers that enables accurate and efficient low-precision training by combining 1) strategic placement of Hadamard rotations in both forward and backward passes, which mitigate outliers, 2) high-performance kernel support, and 3) FSDP integration for low-precision communication. Our approach ensures that all large matrix multiplications during the forward and backward passes are executed in lower precision. Applied to LLaMa models, HALO achieves near-full-precision-equivalent results during fine-tuning on various tasks, while delivering up to 1.41x end-to-end speedup for full fine-tuning on RTX 4090 GPUs. HALO efficiently supports both standard and parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT). Our results demonstrate the first practical approach to fully quantized LLM fine-tuning that maintains accuracy in INT8 and FP6 precision, while delivering performance benefits.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9798331338275"],"eissn":["1049-5258"]},"doi":"10.52202/085713-3966","acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European\r\nUnion’s Horizon 2020 program (grant agreement PSAP, No. 101002047. This research also obtained\r\nfunding from the “UrbanTwin: An urban digital twin for climate action: Assessing policies and\r\nsolutions for energy, water and infrastructure” project, funded by the ETH-Domain Joint Initiative\r\nprogram in the Strategic Area Energy, Climate and Sustainable Environment.","status":"public","year":"2025"},{"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","date_updated":"2026-09-17T06:56:40Z","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-2479","external_id":{"arxiv":["2502.06343"]},"publication_status":"published","researchdata_availability":"yes","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"},{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"SyCr"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank the Causal Learning and Artificial Intelligence group at ISTA for the continuous feedback\r\non the project and valuable discussions. We thank the Social Immunity group at ISTA, particularly\r\nJinook Oh, for the annotation program and Michaela Hoenigsberger for supporting our ecological\r\nexperiment. Riccardo Cadei is supported by a Google Research Scholar Award and a Google Initiated\r\nGift to Francesco Locatello. This research was funded in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)\r\n10.55776/COE12). It was further partially supported by the ISTA Interdisciplinary Project Committee\r\nfor the collaborative project “ALED” between Francesco Locatello and Sylvia Cremer. For open\r\naccess purposes, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any author accepted\r\nmanuscript version arising from this submission.\r\n","status":"public","year":"2025","doi":"10.52202/085713-2479","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1049-5258"],"isbn":["9798331338275"]},"abstract":[{"text":"In many scientific experiments, the data annotating cost constraints the pace\r\nfor testing novel hypotheses. Yet, modern machine learning pipelines offer a\r\npromising solution—provided their predictions yield correct conclusions. We\r\nfocus on Prediction-Powered Causal Inferences (PPCI), i.e., estimating the\r\ntreatment effect in an unlabeled target experiment, relying on training data with\r\nthe same outcome annotated but potentially different treatment or effect modifiers.\r\nWe first show that conditional calibration guarantees valid PPCI at population\r\nlevel. Then, we introduce a sufficient representation constraint transferring validity\r\nacross experiments, which we propose to enforce in practice in Deconfounded\r\nEmpirical Risk Minimization, our new model-agnostic training objective. We\r\nvalidate our method on synthetic and real-world scientific data, solving impossible\r\nproblem instances for Empirical Risk Minimization even with standard invariance\r\nconstraints. In particular, for the first time, we achieve valid causal inference\r\non a scientific experiment with complex recording and no human annotations,\r\nfine-tuning a foundational model on our similar annotated experiment.","lang":"eng"}],"day":"01","type":"conference","dataavailabilitystatement":"We share all the code implementation in the supplementary material.\r\nOur new experimental ecology dataset preview is anonymously shared on Figshare at\r\nhttps://figshare.com/s/9a490b6f6eeebd73350b. We further rely on ISTAnt dataset publicly\r\navailable at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26484934.v2. The synthetic experiments\r\non CausalMNIST relies on MNIST dataset LeCun [1998], publicly available. Additional\r\nexperimental details are reported in Section 5 and Appendices B-C.","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2502.06343"}],"supplementarymaterial":"yes","month":"12","citation":{"chicago":"Cadei, Riccardo, Ilker Demirel, Piersilvio De Bartolomeis, Lukas Lindorfer, Sylvia Cremer, Cordelia Schmid, and Francesco Locatello. “Prediction-Powered Causal Inferences.” In <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, 38:82200–229. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-2479\">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-2479</a>.","mla":"Cadei, Riccardo, et al. “Prediction-Powered Causal Inferences.” <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, vol. 38, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 82200–29, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-2479\">10.52202/085713-2479</a>.","short":"R. Cadei, I. Demirel, P. De Bartolomeis, L. Lindorfer, S. Cremer, C. Schmid, F. Locatello, in:, 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 82200–82229.","apa":"Cadei, R., Demirel, I., De Bartolomeis, P., Lindorfer, L., Cremer, S., Schmid, C., &#38; Locatello, F. (2025). Prediction-Powered Causal Inferences. In <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i> (Vol. 38, pp. 82200–82229). San Diego, CA, United States: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-2479\">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-2479</a>","ama":"Cadei R, Demirel I, De Bartolomeis P, et al. Prediction-Powered Causal Inferences. In: <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>. Vol 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation; 2025:82200-82229. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-2479\">10.52202/085713-2479</a>","ista":"Cadei R, Demirel I, De Bartolomeis P, Lindorfer L, Cremer S, Schmid C, Locatello F. 2025. Prediction-Powered Causal Inferences. 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 38, 82200–82229.","ieee":"R. Cadei <i>et al.</i>, “Prediction-Powered Causal Inferences,” in <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, San Diego, CA, United States, 2025, vol. 38, pp. 82200–82229."},"corr_author":"1","date_published":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"arxiv":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Cadei, Riccardo","id":"0fa8b76f-72f0-11ef-b75a-a5da96e5ad6b","last_name":"Cadei","first_name":"Riccardo"},{"full_name":"Demirel, Ilker","first_name":"Ilker","last_name":"Demirel"},{"first_name":"Piersilvio","last_name":"De Bartolomeis","full_name":"De Bartolomeis, Piersilvio"},{"id":"85f0e6d3-06b3-11ec-8982-8c5049fa4455","last_name":"Lindorfer","first_name":"Lukas","full_name":"Lindorfer, Lukas"},{"first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Cremer","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868"},{"full_name":"Schmid, Cordelia","last_name":"Schmid","first_name":"Cordelia"},{"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Locatello","id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683"}],"title":"Prediction-Powered Causal Inferences","quality_controlled":"1","volume":38,"OA_type":"green","OA_place":"repository","das_tickbox":"1","page":"82200-82229","_id":"22832","publication":"39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"        38","date_created":"2026-09-06T22:02:01Z","oa":1,"project":[{"grant_number":"COE12","_id":"a392d8f0-b034-11f1-b88e-d3025c6734f6","name":"Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Locatello)"}],"publisher":"Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation","conference":{"location":"San Diego, CA, United States","start_date":"2025-12-02","name":"NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems","end_date":"2025-12-07"},"alternative_title":["Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"]},{"type":"conference","day":"01","ec_funded":1,"supplementarymaterial":"yes","month":"12","citation":{"ama":"Yu H, Inal B, Arvanitidis G, Hauberg S, Locatello F, Fumero M. Connecting neural models latent geometries with relative geodesic representations. In: <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>. Vol 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation; 2025:125316-125360. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3769\">10.52202/085713-3769</a>","apa":"Yu, H., Inal, B., Arvanitidis, G., Hauberg, S., Locatello, F., &#38; Fumero, M. (2025). Connecting neural models latent geometries with relative geodesic representations. In <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i> (Vol. 38, pp. 125316–125360). San Diego, CA, United States: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3769\">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3769</a>","ieee":"H. Yu, B. Inal, G. Arvanitidis, S. Hauberg, F. Locatello, and M. Fumero, “Connecting neural models latent geometries with relative geodesic representations,” in <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, San Diego, CA, United States, 2025, vol. 38, pp. 125316–125360.","ista":"Yu H, Inal B, Arvanitidis G, Hauberg S, Locatello F, Fumero M. 2025. Connecting neural models latent geometries with relative geodesic representations. 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 38, 125316–125360.","chicago":"Yu, Hanlin, Berfin Inal, Georgios Arvanitidis, Søren Hauberg, Francesco Locatello, and Marco Fumero. “Connecting Neural Models Latent Geometries with Relative Geodesic Representations.” In <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, 38:125316–60. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3769\">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3769</a>.","mla":"Yu, Hanlin, et al. “Connecting Neural Models Latent Geometries with Relative Geodesic Representations.” <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, vol. 38, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 125316–60, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3769\">10.52202/085713-3769</a>.","short":"H. Yu, B. Inal, G. Arvanitidis, S. Hauberg, F. Locatello, M. Fumero, in:, 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 125316–125360."},"year":"2025","acknowledgement":"We thank Gregor Krzmanc, German Magai, Vital Fernandez for insightful discussions in the early\r\nstages of the project. HY was supported by the Research Council of Finland Flagship programme:\r\nFinnish Center for Artificial Intelligence FCAI. HY wishes to acknowledge CSC - IT Center for\r\nScience, Finland, for computational resources. GA was supported by the DFF Sapere Aude Starting\r\nGrant “GADL”. SH was supported by a research grant (42062) from VILLUM FONDEN and partly\r\nfunded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation through the Center for Basic Research in Life Science\r\n(NNF20OC0062606). SH received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the\r\nEuropean Union’s Horizon Programme (grant agreement 101125003). MF is supported by the MSCA\r\nIST-Bridge fellowship which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research\r\nand innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101034413.","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9798331338275"],"eissn":["1049-5258"]},"doi":"10.52202/085713-3769","abstract":[{"text":"Neural models learn representations of high-dimensional data on low-dimensional\r\nmanifolds. Multiple factors, including stochasticities in the training process, model\r\narchitectures, and additional inductive biases, may induce different representations,\r\neven when learning the same task on the same data. However, it has recently been\r\nshown that when a latent structure is shared between distinct latent spaces, relative\r\ndistances between representations can be preserved, up to distortions. Building\r\non this idea, we demonstrate that exploiting the differential-geometric structure of\r\nlatent spaces of neural models, it is possible to capture precisely the transformations\r\nbetween representational spaces trained on similar data distributions. Specifically,\r\nwe assume that distinct neural models parametrize approximately the same underlying manifold, and introduce a representation based on the pullback metric\r\nthat captures the intrinsic structure of the latent space, while scaling efficiently\r\nto large models. We validate experimentally our method on model stitching and\r\nretrieval tasks, covering autoencoders and vision foundation discriminative models,\r\nacross diverse architectures, datasets, pretraining schemes and modalities. Code is\r\navailable at https://github.com/marc0git/RelativeGeodesics.","lang":"eng"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3769","external_id":{"arxiv":["2506.01599"]},"researchdata_availability":"yes","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"FrLo"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"None","date_updated":"2026-09-17T07:09:28Z","publisher":"Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation","alternative_title":["Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"],"conference":{"name":"NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems","location":"San Diego, CA, United States","start_date":"2025-12-02","end_date":"2025-12-07"},"_id":"22831","page":"125316-125360","das_tickbox":"0","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"        38","publication":"39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","date_created":"2026-09-06T22:02:01Z","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program","_id":"fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c","grant_number":"101034413"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Yu, Hanlin","last_name":"Yu","first_name":"Hanlin"},{"full_name":"Inal, Berfin","last_name":"Inal","first_name":"Berfin"},{"full_name":"Arvanitidis, Georgios","last_name":"Arvanitidis","first_name":"Georgios"},{"full_name":"Hauberg, Søren","first_name":"Søren","last_name":"Hauberg"},{"last_name":"Locatello","first_name":"Francesco","id":"26cfd52f-2483-11ee-8040-88983bcc06d4","full_name":"Locatello, Francesco","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-0683"},{"last_name":"Fumero","first_name":"Marco","id":"1c1593eb-393f-11ef-bb8e-ab4f1e979650","full_name":"Fumero, Marco"}],"title":"Connecting neural models latent geometries with relative geodesic representations","volume":38,"quality_controlled":"1","related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"software","url":" https://github.com/marc0git/RelativeGeodesics"}]},"corr_author":"1","date_published":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","arxiv":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"arxiv":1,"corr_author":"1","date_published":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","OA_place":"repository","quality_controlled":"1","OA_type":"green","volume":58,"author":[{"full_name":"Bilu, Margaret","first_name":"Margaret","last_name":"Bilu","id":"98C47862-10D5-11EA-BEDD-0F6F3DDC885E"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-8314-0177","full_name":"Browning, Timothy D","id":"35827D50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Timothy D","last_name":"Browning"}],"title":"A motivic circle method","article_type":"original","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"A motivic circle method","_id":"05A4F6F0-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"893012"},{"_id":"bd8a4fdc-d553-11ed-ba76-80a0167441a3","grant_number":"P36278","name":"Rational curves via function field analytic number theory"}],"oa":1,"date_created":"2026-09-13T22:01:57Z","publication":"Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"        58","page":"1179-1242","das_tickbox":"0","_id":"22929","publisher":"Société Mathématique de France","date_updated":"2026-09-17T08:22:39Z","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","department":[{"_id":"TiBr"}],"publication_status":"published","researchdata_availability":"no","external_id":{"arxiv":["2304.09645"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.24033/asens.2628","issue":"5","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The circle method has been successfully used over the last century to study rational points on hypersurfaces. More recently, a version of the method over function fields, combined with spreading out techniques, has led to a range of results about moduli spaces of rational curves on hypersurfaces. In this paper a version of the circle method is implemented in the setting of the Grothendieck ring of varieties. This allows us to approximate the classes of these moduli spaces directly, without relying on point counting, and leads to a deeper understanding of their geometry."},{"lang":"fre","text":"La méthode du cercle a été utilisée avec succès au cours du siècle dernier pour l’étude\r\ndes points rationnels sur les hypersurfaces. Plus récemment, une version fonctionnelle de cette méthode,\r\ncombinée à des techniques d’étalement, a mené à une série de résultats sur les espaces de modules de\r\ncourbes sur les hypersurfaces. Dans cet article on implémente une version de la méthode du cercle dans\r\nle cadre de l’anneau de Grothendieck des variétés. Cela permet d’approximer les classes de ces espaces\r\nde modules directement, sans recours au comptage de points, ce qui donne accès à une compréhension\r\nplus profonde de leur géométrie."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0012-9593"],"eissn":["1873-2151"]},"doi":"10.24033/asens.2628","acknowledgement":"The authors are grateful to Yohan Brunebarbe, Tom Burel, Antoine\r\nChambert-Loir, Loïs Faisant, Mirko Mauri and Will Sawin for useful comments. Thanks are\r\nalso due to the anonymous referees for numerous helpful remarks. M.B. received funding\r\nfrom the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the\r\nMarie Skłodowska-Curie Grant agreement No. 893012. T.B. was supported by a FWF grant\r\n(DOI 10.55776/P36278) and by a grant from the Institute for Advanced Study School of\r\nMathematics.","status":"public","year":"2025","citation":{"ista":"Bilu M, Browning TD. 2025. A motivic circle method. Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure. 58(5), 1179–1242.","ieee":"M. Bilu and T. D. Browning, “A motivic circle method,” <i>Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure</i>, vol. 58, no. 5. Société Mathématique de France, pp. 1179–1242, 2025.","apa":"Bilu, M., &#38; Browning, T. D. (2025). A motivic circle method. <i>Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure</i>. Société Mathématique de France. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24033/asens.2628\">https://doi.org/10.24033/asens.2628</a>","ama":"Bilu M, Browning TD. A motivic circle method. <i>Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure</i>. 2025;58(5):1179-1242. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24033/asens.2628\">10.24033/asens.2628</a>","mla":"Bilu, Margaret, and Timothy D. Browning. “A Motivic Circle Method.” <i>Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure</i>, vol. 58, no. 5, Société Mathématique de France, 2025, pp. 1179–242, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24033/asens.2628\">10.24033/asens.2628</a>.","chicago":"Bilu, Margaret, and Timothy D Browning. “A Motivic Circle Method.” <i>Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure</i>. Société Mathématique de France, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.24033/asens.2628\">https://doi.org/10.24033/asens.2628</a>.","short":"M. Bilu, T.D. Browning, Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure 58 (2025) 1179–1242."},"month":"05","supplementarymaterial":"yes","ec_funded":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2304.09645"}],"keyword":["Circle method","moduli spaces of curves","hypersurfaces","Grothendieck ring of varieties","motivic integration"],"type":"journal_article","day":"01"},{"isi":1,"publisher":"Springer Nature","das_tickbox":"0","page":"2859-2900","ddc":["510"],"_id":"18074","publication":"Annales Henri Poincare","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"        26","date_created":"2024-09-15T22:01:42Z","oa":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","project":[{"_id":"fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c","grant_number":"101034413","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program"}],"article_type":"original","title":"Aharonov–Casher theorems for Dirac operators on manifolds with boundary and APS boundary condition","author":[{"full_name":"Fialova, Marie","id":"e9c9844d-9e21-11ec-b482-f96fc09f7c4d","first_name":"Marie","last_name":"Fialova"}],"quality_controlled":"1","OA_type":"hybrid","PlanS_conform":"1","volume":26,"OA_place":"publisher","date_published":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","corr_author":"1","file":[{"file_id":"20124","relation":"main_file","success":1,"file_size":728124,"access_level":"open_access","checksum":"d8d2d6dbce293c9ee6eaa9262e597147","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2025_AnnalesHenriPoincare_Fialova.pdf","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2025-08-05T11:24:25Z","date_created":"2025-08-05T11:24:25Z"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"arxiv":1,"type":"journal_article","day":"01","file_date_updated":"2025-08-05T11:24:25Z","ec_funded":1,"month":"08","supplementarymaterial":"yes","citation":{"chicago":"Fialova, Marie. “Aharonov–Casher Theorems for Dirac Operators on Manifolds with Boundary and APS Boundary Condition.” <i>Annales Henri Poincare</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7</a>.","mla":"Fialova, Marie. “Aharonov–Casher Theorems for Dirac Operators on Manifolds with Boundary and APS Boundary Condition.” <i>Annales Henri Poincare</i>, vol. 26, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 2859–900, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7\">10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7</a>.","short":"M. Fialova, Annales Henri Poincare 26 (2025) 2859–2900.","ieee":"M. Fialova, “Aharonov–Casher theorems for Dirac operators on manifolds with boundary and APS boundary condition,” <i>Annales Henri Poincare</i>, vol. 26. Springer Nature, pp. 2859–2900, 2025.","ista":"Fialova M. 2025. Aharonov–Casher theorems for Dirac operators on manifolds with boundary and APS boundary condition. Annales Henri Poincare. 26, 2859–2900.","ama":"Fialova M. Aharonov–Casher theorems for Dirac operators on manifolds with boundary and APS boundary condition. <i>Annales Henri Poincare</i>. 2025;26:2859-2900. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7\">10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7</a>","apa":"Fialova, M. (2025). Aharonov–Casher theorems for Dirac operators on manifolds with boundary and APS boundary condition. <i>Annales Henri Poincare</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7</a>"},"acknowledgement":"First and foremost I am grateful to Jan Philip Solovej for fruitful meetings during (and after) my PhD programme, when this work was done. Further I would like to thank Joshua Hunt, Anna Sisak, Jakub Löwit, Błażej Ruba, Volodymir Riabov, Lukas Schimmer and Georgios Koutentakis for valuable discussions. Many thanks belong to Rafael Benguria for hosting my visit, during which some of the work has been done. I am also grateful to Marina Prokhorova who first initiated the discussion of this project topic and to Annemarie Luger for her valuable comments during my PhD defence and in particular pointing out the qualitative difference in our two main results. I would like to acknowledge support for research on this paper from VILLUM FONDEN through the QMATH Centre of Excellence grant. nr. 10059. This project also received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101034413. I am grateful to the two reviewers for reading carefully my manuscript and pointing out several issues contributing thus significantly to the readability and clarity of this paper.\r\nOpen access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).","status":"public","year":"2025","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1424-0637"]},"doi":"10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7","abstract":[{"text":"The Aharonov–Casher theorem is a result on the number of the so-called zero modes of a system described by the magnetic Pauli operator in R2. In this paper we address the same question for the Dirac operator on a flat two-dimensional manifold with boundary and Atiyah–Patodi–Singer boundary condition. More concretely we are interested in the plane and a disc with a finite number of circular holes cut out. We consider a smooth compactly supported magnetic field on the manifold and an arbitrary magnetic field inside the holes.","lang":"eng"}],"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-024-01482-7","external_id":{"arxiv":["2304.13373"],"isi":["001304370000001"]},"researchdata_availability":"no","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"RoSe"}],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","oa_version":"Published Version","date_updated":"2026-09-17T11:06:35Z"},{"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"ToHe"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737054","external_id":{"arxiv":["2506.00496"]},"date_updated":"2026-09-18T07:41:29Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Published Version","month":"08","citation":{"ama":"Gupta A, Henzinger TA, Kueffner K, Mallik K, Pape D. Monitoring robustness and individual fairness. In: <i>Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining</i>. Vol 2. Association for Computing Machinery; 2025:790-801. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737054\">10.1145/3711896.3737054</a>","ieee":"A. Gupta, T. A. Henzinger, K. Kueffner, K. Mallik, and D. Pape, “Monitoring robustness and individual fairness,” in <i>Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining</i>, Toronto, Canada, 2025, vol. 2, pp. 790–801.","apa":"Gupta, A., Henzinger, T. A., Kueffner, K., Mallik, K., &#38; Pape, D. (2025). Monitoring robustness and individual fairness. In <i>Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining</i> (Vol. 2, pp. 790–801). Toronto, Canada: Association for Computing Machinery. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737054\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737054</a>","ista":"Gupta A, Henzinger TA, Kueffner K, Mallik K, Pape D. 2025. Monitoring robustness and individual fairness. Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. KDD: Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining vol. 2, 790–801.","short":"A. Gupta, T.A. Henzinger, K. Kueffner, K. Mallik, D. Pape, in:, Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Association for Computing Machinery, 2025, pp. 790–801.","mla":"Gupta, Ashutosh, et al. “Monitoring Robustness and Individual Fairness.” <i>Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining</i>, vol. 2, Association for Computing Machinery, 2025, pp. 790–801, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737054\">10.1145/3711896.3737054</a>.","chicago":"Gupta, Ashutosh, Thomas A Henzinger, Konstantin Kueffner, Kaushik Mallik, and David Pape. “Monitoring Robustness and Individual Fairness.” In <i>Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining</i>, 2:790–801. Association for Computing Machinery, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737054\">https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737054</a>."},"file_date_updated":"2025-09-08T08:46:31Z","type":"conference","day":"03","ec_funded":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In automated decision-making, it is desirable that outputs of decision-makers be robust to slight perturbations in their inputs, a property that may be called input-output robustness. Input-output robustness appears in various different forms in the literature, such as robustness of AI models to adversarial or semantic perturbations and individual fairness of AI models that make decisions about humans. We propose runtime monitoring of input-output robustness of deployed, black-box AI models, where the goal is to design monitors that would observe one long execution sequence of the model, and would raise an alarm whenever it is detected that two similar inputs from the past led to dissimilar outputs. This way, monitoring will complement existing offline ''robustification'' approaches to increase the trustworthiness of AI decision-makers. We show that the monitoring problem can be cast as the fixed-radius nearest neighbor (FRNN) search problem, which, despite being well-studied, lacks suitable online solutions. We present our tool Clemont, which offers a number of lightweight monitors, some of which use upgraded online variants of existing FRNN algorithms, and one uses a novel algorithm based on binary decision diagrams--a data-structure commonly used in software and hardware verification. We have also developed an efficient parallelization technique that can substantially cut down the computation time of monitors for which the distance between input-output pairs is measured using the L∞norm. Using standard benchmarks from the literature of adversarial and semantic robustness and individual fairness, we perform a comparative study of different monitors in Clemont, and demonstrate their effectiveness in correctly detecting robustness violations at runtime."}],"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"year":"2025","status":"public","acknowledgement":"This work was supported in part by the ERC project ERC-2020-AdG 101020093 and the SBI Foundation Hub for Data Science &Analytics, IIT Bombay.","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2154-817X"],"isbn":["9798400714542"]},"doi":"10.1145/3711896.3737054","volume":2,"quality_controlled":"1","OA_place":"publisher","title":"Monitoring robustness and individual fairness","author":[{"full_name":"Gupta, Ashutosh","id":"335E5684-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Gupta","first_name":"Ashutosh"},{"full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724","first_name":"Thomas A","last_name":"Henzinger","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"8121a2d0-dc85-11ea-9058-af578f3b4515","first_name":"Konstantin","last_name":"Kueffner","orcid":"0000-0001-8974-2542","full_name":"Kueffner, Konstantin"},{"full_name":"Mallik, Kaushik","orcid":"0000-0001-9864-7475","first_name":"Kaushik","last_name":"Mallik","id":"0834ff3c-6d72-11ec-94e0-b5b0a4fb8598"},{"full_name":"Pape, David","first_name":"David","last_name":"Pape"}],"arxiv":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"22808","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}],"link":[{"relation":"software","url":"https://github.com/ariez-xyz/clemont"}]},"file":[{"file_id":"20310","relation":"main_file","file_size":7745940,"success":1,"checksum":"81e18cdf9ca5f6dfa79425b326ea9725","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2025_KDD_Gupta.pdf","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2025-09-08T08:46:31Z","date_created":"2025-09-08T08:46:31Z"}],"date_published":"2025-08-03T00:00:00Z","corr_author":"1","conference":{"end_date":"2025-08-07","name":"KDD: Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","start_date":"2025-08-03","location":"Toronto, Canada"},"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery","oa":1,"date_created":"2025-09-07T22:01:33Z","project":[{"name":"Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"101020093","_id":"62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","_id":"20292","ddc":["000"],"page":"790-801","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"         2","publication":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining"},{"oa_version":"Preprint","article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_updated":"2026-09-18T07:41:29Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2507.20711"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1","department":[{"_id":"ToHe"}],"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0302-9743"],"eisbn":["9783032054357"],"eissn":["1611-3349"]},"doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1","year":"2025","acknowledgement":"This work is supported by the European Research Council under Grant No.: ERC-2020-AdG 101020093.","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Fairness in AI is traditionally studied as a static property evaluated once, over a fixed dataset. However, real-world AI systems operate sequentially, with outcomes and environments evolving over time. This paper proposes a framework for analysing fairness as a runtime property. Using a minimal yet expressive model based on sequences of coin tosses with possibly evolving biases, we study the problems of monitoring and enforcing fairness expressed in either toss outcomes or coin biases. Since there is no one-size-fits-all solution for either problem, we provide a summary of monitoring and enforcement strategies, parametrised by environment dynamics, prediction horizon, and confidence thresholds. For both problems, we present general results under simple or minimal assumptions. We survey existing solutions for the monitoring problem for Markovian and additive dynamics, and existing solutions for the enforcement problem in static settings with known dynamics."}],"ec_funded":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2507.20711"}],"day":"13","type":"conference","citation":{"ista":"Cano Cordoba F, Henzinger TA, Kueffner K. 2025. Algorithmic fairness: A runtime perspective. 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification. RV: Runtime Verification, LNCS, vol. 16087, 1–21.","ieee":"F. Cano Cordoba, T. A. Henzinger, and K. Kueffner, “Algorithmic fairness: A runtime perspective,” in <i>25th International Conference on Runtime Verification</i>, Graz, Austria, 2025, vol. 16087, pp. 1–21.","apa":"Cano Cordoba, F., Henzinger, T. A., &#38; Kueffner, K. (2025). Algorithmic fairness: A runtime perspective. In <i>25th International Conference on Runtime Verification</i> (Vol. 16087, pp. 1–21). Graz, Austria: Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1</a>","ama":"Cano Cordoba F, Henzinger TA, Kueffner K. Algorithmic fairness: A runtime perspective. In: <i>25th International Conference on Runtime Verification</i>. Vol 16087. Springer Nature; 2025:1-21. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1\">10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1</a>","chicago":"Cano Cordoba, Filip, Thomas A Henzinger, and Konstantin Kueffner. “Algorithmic Fairness: A Runtime Perspective.” In <i>25th International Conference on Runtime Verification</i>, 16087:1–21. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1</a>.","mla":"Cano Cordoba, Filip, et al. “Algorithmic Fairness: A Runtime Perspective.” <i>25th International Conference on Runtime Verification</i>, vol. 16087, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 1–21, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1\">10.1007/978-3-032-05435-7_1</a>.","short":"F. Cano Cordoba, T.A. Henzinger, K. Kueffner, in:, 25th International Conference on Runtime Verification, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 1–21."},"month":"09","date_published":"2025-09-13T00:00:00Z","corr_author":"1","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"22808","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}]},"arxiv":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"author":[{"id":"708cad98-e86a-11ef-8098-bdae2d7c6af1","last_name":"Cano Cordoba","first_name":"Filip","orcid":"0000-0002-0783-904X","full_name":"Cano Cordoba, Filip"},{"last_name":"Henzinger","first_name":"Thomas A","id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","orcid":"0000-0002-2985-7724"},{"first_name":"Konstantin","last_name":"Kueffner","id":"8121a2d0-dc85-11ea-9058-af578f3b4515","full_name":"Kueffner, Konstantin","orcid":"0000-0001-8974-2542"}],"title":"Algorithmic fairness: A runtime perspective","OA_place":"repository","volume":16087,"OA_type":"green","quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"     16087","publication":"25th International Conference on Runtime Verification","_id":"21090","page":"1-21","project":[{"_id":"62781420-2b32-11ec-9570-8d9b63373d4d","grant_number":"101020093","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Vigilant Algorithmic Monitoring of Software"}],"oa":1,"date_created":"2026-01-29T16:01:41Z","publisher":"Springer Nature","alternative_title":["LNCS"],"conference":{"end_date":"2025-09-19","name":"RV: Runtime Verification","start_date":"2025-09-15","location":"Graz, Austria"}},{"intvolume":"       122","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","_id":"19627","ddc":["000"],"article_type":"original","project":[{"name":"Prix Lopez-Loretta 2019 - Marco Mondelli","_id":"059876FA-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E"},{"_id":"92099302-16d5-11f0-9cad-f9a785f54fbd","name":"Trustworthy Deep Learning Theory: Private Over-Parameterized Models and Robust LLMs"},{"name":"Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Mondelli)","_id":"74caaef7-b034-11f1-8f2d-e0e993bb422e","grant_number":"COE12"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","oa":1,"date_created":"2025-04-27T22:02:13Z","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","isi":1,"file":[{"date_updated":"2025-05-05T07:27:54Z","date_created":"2025-05-05T07:27:54Z","creator":"dernst","file_name":"2025_PNAS_Bombari.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"1ac6f78e368d35a0cafb4d2d9bd63443","access_level":"open_access","file_size":2328320,"success":1,"file_id":"19648","relation":"main_file"}],"corr_author":"1","date_published":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"22857","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"arxiv":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Bombari, Simone","last_name":"Bombari","first_name":"Simone","id":"ca726dda-de17-11ea-bc14-f9da834f63aa"},{"id":"27EB676C-8706-11E9-9510-7717E6697425","last_name":"Mondelli","first_name":"Marco","orcid":"0000-0002-3242-7020","full_name":"Mondelli, Marco"}],"title":"Privacy for free in the overparameterized regime","OA_place":"publisher","volume":122,"OA_type":"hybrid","quality_controlled":"1","pmid":1,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.2423072122","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0027-8424"],"eissn":["1091-6490"]},"APC_amount":"2754,32 EUR","year":"2025","status":"public","acknowledgement":"This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Grant number COE 12. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. The authors were also supported by the 2019 Lopez-Loreta prize, and Simone Bombari was supported by a Google PhD fellowship. We thank Diyuan Wu, Edwige Cyffers, Francesco Pedrotti, Inbar Seroussi, Nikita P. Kalinin, Pietro Pelliconi, Roodabeh Safavi, Yizhe Zhu, and Zhichao Wang for helpful discussions.","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Differentially private gradient descent (DP-GD) is a popular algorithm to train deep learning models with provable guarantees on the privacy of the training data. In the last decade, the problem of understanding its performance cost with respect to standard GD has received remarkable attention from the research community, which formally derived upper bounds on the excess population risk  RP  in different learning settings. However, existing bounds typically degrade with over-parameterization, i.e., as the number of parameters  p  gets larger than the number of training samples  n  -- a regime which is ubiquitous in current deep-learning practice. As a result, the lack of theoretical insights leaves practitioners without clear guidance, leading some to reduce the effective number of trainable parameters to improve performance, while others use larger models to achieve better results through scale. In this work, we show that in the popular random features model with quadratic loss, for any sufficiently large  p , privacy can be obtained for free, i.e.,  |RP|=o(1) , not only when the privacy parameter  ε  has constant order, but also in the strongly private setting  ε=o(1) . This challenges the common wisdom that over-parameterization inherently hinders performance in private learning."}],"issue":"15","file_date_updated":"2025-05-05T07:27:54Z","day":"15","type":"journal_article","citation":{"short":"S. Bombari, M. Mondelli, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (2025).","mla":"Bombari, Simone, and Marco Mondelli. “Privacy for Free in the Overparameterized Regime.” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>, vol. 122, no. 15, e2423072122, National Academy of Sciences, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423072122\">10.1073/pnas.2423072122</a>.","chicago":"Bombari, Simone, and Marco Mondelli. “Privacy for Free in the Overparameterized Regime.” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423072122\">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423072122</a>.","ama":"Bombari S, Mondelli M. Privacy for free in the overparameterized regime. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. 2025;122(15). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423072122\">10.1073/pnas.2423072122</a>","ista":"Bombari S, Mondelli M. 2025. Privacy for free in the overparameterized regime. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(15), e2423072122.","apa":"Bombari, S., &#38; Mondelli, M. (2025). Privacy for free in the overparameterized regime. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. National Academy of Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423072122\">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423072122</a>","ieee":"S. Bombari and M. Mondelli, “Privacy for free in the overparameterized regime,” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>, vol. 122, no. 15. National Academy of Sciences, 2025."},"month":"04","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_number":"e2423072122","date_updated":"2026-09-21T13:07:01Z","external_id":{"isi":["001471214000001"],"pmid":["40215275"],"arxiv":["2410.14787"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423072122","department":[{"_id":"MaMo"}],"publication_status":"published"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"arxiv":1,"corr_author":"1","date_published":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","file":[{"date_updated":"2026-02-19T08:04:38Z","date_created":"2026-02-19T08:04:38Z","file_name":"2025_ICML_Bombari.pdf","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","checksum":"d4ba4f7717b362ca38878f45e57bd643","success":1,"file_size":887526,"relation":"main_file","file_id":"21335"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"22857","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}]},"OA_place":"publisher","quality_controlled":"1","volume":267,"OA_type":"gold","author":[{"full_name":"Bombari, Simone","last_name":"Bombari","first_name":"Simone","id":"ca726dda-de17-11ea-bc14-f9da834f63aa"},{"id":"27EB676C-8706-11E9-9510-7717E6697425","first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Mondelli","orcid":"0000-0002-3242-7020","full_name":"Mondelli, Marco"}],"title":"Spurious correlations in high dimensional regression: The roles of regularization, simplicity bias and over-parameterization","has_accepted_license":"1","project":[{"name":"Inference in High Dimensions: Light-speed Algorithms and Information Limits","grant_number":"101161364","_id":"911e6d1f-16d5-11f0-9cad-c5c68c6a1cdf"},{"name":"Trustworthy Deep Learning Theory: Private Over-Parameterized Models and Robust LLMs","_id":"92099302-16d5-11f0-9cad-f9a785f54fbd"}],"oa":1,"date_created":"2026-02-18T11:58:00Z","publication":"Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning","intvolume":"       267","page":"4839-4873","ddc":["000"],"_id":"21324","conference":{"start_date":"2025-07-13","location":"Vancouver, Canada","name":"ICML: International Conference on Machine Learning","end_date":"2025-07-19"},"alternative_title":["PMLR"],"publisher":"ML Research Press","date_updated":"2026-09-21T13:07:01Z","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","department":[{"_id":"MaMo"}],"publication_status":"published","external_id":{"arxiv":["2502.01347"]},"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"text":"Learning models have been shown to rely on spurious correlations between non-predictive features and the associated labels in the training data, with negative implications on robustness, bias and fairness. In this work, we provide a statistical characterization of this phenomenon for high-dimensional regression, when the data contains a predictive core feature x and a spurious feature y. Specifically, we quantify the amount of spurious correlations C learned via linear regression, in terms of the data covariance and the strength λ of the ridge regularization. As a consequence, we first capture the simplicity of y through the spectrum of its covariance, and its correlation with x through the Schur complement of the full data covariance. Next, we prove a trade-off between C and the in-distribution test loss L, by showing that the value of λ that minimizes L lies in an interval where C is increasing. Finally, we investigate the effects of over-parameterization via the random features model, by showing its equivalence to regularized linear regression. Our theoretical results are supported by numerical experiments on Gaussian, Color-MNIST, and CIFAR-10 datasets.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2640-3498"]},"status":"public","acknowledgement":"Marco Mondelli is funded by the European Union (ERC, INF2, project number 101161364). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. Simone Bombari is supported by a Google PhD fellowship. The authors would like to thank GuanWen Qiu for helpful discussions.","year":"2025","citation":{"chicago":"Bombari, Simone, and Marco Mondelli. “Spurious Correlations in High Dimensional Regression: The Roles of Regularization, Simplicity Bias and over-Parameterization.” In <i>Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning</i>, 267:4839–73. ML Research Press, 2025.","mla":"Bombari, Simone, and Marco Mondelli. “Spurious Correlations in High Dimensional Regression: The Roles of Regularization, Simplicity Bias and over-Parameterization.” <i>Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning</i>, vol. 267, ML Research Press, 2025, pp. 4839–73.","short":"S. Bombari, M. Mondelli, in:, Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning, ML Research Press, 2025, pp. 4839–4873.","ieee":"S. Bombari and M. Mondelli, “Spurious correlations in high dimensional regression: The roles of regularization, simplicity bias and over-parameterization,” in <i>Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning</i>, Vancouver, Canada, 2025, vol. 267, pp. 4839–4873.","ama":"Bombari S, Mondelli M. Spurious correlations in high dimensional regression: The roles of regularization, simplicity bias and over-parameterization. In: <i>Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning</i>. Vol 267. ML Research Press; 2025:4839-4873.","ista":"Bombari S, Mondelli M. 2025. Spurious correlations in high dimensional regression: The roles of regularization, simplicity bias and over-parameterization. Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning. ICML: International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR, vol. 267, 4839–4873.","apa":"Bombari, S., &#38; Mondelli, M. (2025). Spurious correlations in high dimensional regression: The roles of regularization, simplicity bias and over-parameterization. In <i>Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning</i> (Vol. 267, pp. 4839–4873). Vancouver, Canada: ML Research Press."},"month":"07","day":"30","type":"conference","file_date_updated":"2026-02-19T08:04:38Z"},{"author":[{"last_name":"Carpentier","first_name":"Rémi","full_name":"Carpentier, Rémi"},{"last_name":"Kim","first_name":"Jaesung","full_name":"Kim, Jaesung"},{"full_name":"Capizzi, Mariacristina","last_name":"Capizzi","first_name":"Mariacristina"},{"full_name":"Kim, Hyeongju","first_name":"Hyeongju","last_name":"Kim"},{"id":"404F5528-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Fäßler","first_name":"Florian","orcid":"0000-0001-7149-769X","full_name":"Fäßler, Florian"},{"last_name":"Hansen","first_name":"Jesse","id":"1063c618-6f9b-11ec-9123-f912fccded63","full_name":"Hansen, Jesse","orcid":"0000-0001-7967-2085"},{"first_name":"Min Jeong","last_name":"Kim","full_name":"Kim, Min Jeong"},{"last_name":"Denarier","first_name":"Eric","full_name":"Denarier, Eric"},{"last_name":"Blot","first_name":"Béatrice","full_name":"Blot, Béatrice"},{"full_name":"Degennaro, Marine","first_name":"Marine","last_name":"Degennaro"},{"first_name":"Sophia","last_name":"Labou","full_name":"Labou, Sophia"},{"last_name":"Arnal","first_name":"Isabelle","full_name":"Arnal, Isabelle"},{"full_name":"Marcaida, Maria J.","last_name":"Marcaida","first_name":"Maria J."},{"last_name":"Peraro","first_name":"Matteo Dal","full_name":"Peraro, Matteo Dal"},{"full_name":"Kim, Doory","first_name":"Doory","last_name":"Kim"},{"last_name":"Schur","first_name":"Florian KM","id":"48AD8942-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Schur, Florian KM","orcid":"0000-0003-4790-8078"},{"full_name":"Song, Ji-Joon","last_name":"Song","first_name":"Ji-Joon"},{"first_name":"Sandrine","last_name":"Humbert","full_name":"Humbert, Sandrine"}],"title":"Structure of the Huntingtin F-actin complex reveals its role in cytoskeleton organization","OA_place":"publisher","volume":11,"PlanS_conform":"1","OA_type":"gold","quality_controlled":"1","pmid":1,"file":[{"date_updated":"2025-09-23T07:57:51Z","date_created":"2025-09-23T07:57:51Z","creator":"dernst","file_name":"2025_ScienceAdvance_Carpentier.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"4e2407bdabf8d53f399eb8a20d86218e","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"file_size":3599137,"relation":"main_file","file_id":"20372"}],"date_published":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","corr_author":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"isi":1,"publisher":"AAAS","DOAJ_listed":"1","intvolume":"        11","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Science Advances","_id":"20370","ddc":["570"],"project":[{"name":"Structure and isoform diversity of the Arp2/3 complex","grant_number":"P33367","_id":"9B954C5C-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"},{"name":"In Situ Actin Structures via Hybrid Cryo-electron Microscopy","grant_number":"E435","_id":"7bd318a1-9f16-11ee-852c-cc9217763180"},{"grant_number":"CZI01","_id":"62909c6f-2b32-11ec-9570-e1476aab5308","name":"CryoMinflux-guided in-situ molecular census and structure determination"},{"_id":"bd980d18-d553-11ed-ba76-ceaa645c97eb","grant_number":"101076260","name":"A molecular atlas of Actin filament IDentities in the cell motility machinery"},{"_id":"3AC91DDA-15DF-11EA-824D-93A3E7B544D1","name":"FWF Open Access Fund","call_identifier":"FWF"}],"article_type":"original","has_accepted_license":"1","oa":1,"date_created":"2025-09-22T08:00:52Z","external_id":{"pmid":["40971423"],"isi":["001575751700013"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124","department":[{"_id":"FlSc"}],"publication_status":"published","article_processing_charge":"Yes","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_number":"eadw4124","date_updated":"2026-09-24T08:17:37Z","file_date_updated":"2025-09-23T07:57:51Z","day":"19","type":"journal_article","citation":{"short":"R. Carpentier, J. Kim, M. Capizzi, H. Kim, F. Fäßler, J. Hansen, M.J. Kim, E. Denarier, B. Blot, M. Degennaro, S. Labou, I. Arnal, M.J. Marcaida, M.D. Peraro, D. Kim, F.K. Schur, J.-J. Song, S. Humbert, Science Advances 11 (2025).","chicago":"Carpentier, Rémi, Jaesung Kim, Mariacristina Capizzi, Hyeongju Kim, Florian Fäßler, Jesse Hansen, Min Jeong Kim, et al. “Structure of the Huntingtin F-Actin Complex Reveals Its Role in Cytoskeleton Organization.” <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124\">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124</a>.","mla":"Carpentier, Rémi, et al. “Structure of the Huntingtin F-Actin Complex Reveals Its Role in Cytoskeleton Organization.” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 11, no. 38, eadw4124, AAAS, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124\">10.1126/sciadv.adw4124</a>.","ama":"Carpentier R, Kim J, Capizzi M, et al. Structure of the Huntingtin F-actin complex reveals its role in cytoskeleton organization. <i>Science Advances</i>. 2025;11(38). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124\">10.1126/sciadv.adw4124</a>","ista":"Carpentier R, Kim J, Capizzi M, Kim H, Fäßler F, Hansen J, Kim MJ, Denarier E, Blot B, Degennaro M, Labou S, Arnal I, Marcaida MJ, Peraro MD, Kim D, Schur FK, Song J-J, Humbert S. 2025. Structure of the Huntingtin F-actin complex reveals its role in cytoskeleton organization. Science Advances. 11(38), eadw4124.","apa":"Carpentier, R., Kim, J., Capizzi, M., Kim, H., Fäßler, F., Hansen, J., … Humbert, S. (2025). Structure of the Huntingtin F-actin complex reveals its role in cytoskeleton organization. <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124\">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw4124</a>","ieee":"R. Carpentier <i>et al.</i>, “Structure of the Huntingtin F-actin complex reveals its role in cytoskeleton organization,” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 11, no. 38. AAAS, 2025."},"month":"09","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adw4124","APC_amount":"1395,61 EUR","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2375-2548"]},"year":"2025","status":"public","acknowledgement":"We thank C. Cuveillier, J. Delaroche, T. Ferraro, and A. Zanchi for help with TIRF experiments, electron microscopy preparation, data analysis, and cell cultures, respectively; A. Antkowiak, C. Bosc, C. Fassier, A. Fourest-Lieuvin, and V. Brandt for helpful discussions. We acknowledge the contribution of the Photonic Imaging Center of Grenoble Institute Neuroscience which is part of the ISdV core facility and certified by the IBiSA label and ICM.Quant (RRID:SCR_026393) core facility of the Paris Brain Institute (ICM); the AniRA lentivector production facility from the CELPHEDIA Infrastructure and SFR Biosciences (UAR3444/CNRS, US8/Inserm, ENS de Lyon, UCBL); the Scientific Service Units (SSUs) of ISTA through resources provided by Scientific Computing (SciComp, A. Schloegl and S. Elefante); and the Electron Microscopy Facility (EMF, V.V. Hodirnau). The software programs used for the processing were supported by SBGrid (www.sbgrid.org). This work was supported by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (AXYON: ANR-18-CE16-0009-01, S.H.), Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grants (P33367, F.K.M.S.; E435, J.M.H.), ChanZuckerberg Initiative (CZI) grant (DAF2021-234754, F.K.M.S.), Hereditary Disease Foundation Research Grant (HDF 990846, M.C.), European Union (ERC: ActinID 101076260, F.K.M.S.), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM: équipe labellisée DEQ202203014675, S.H.; PhD fellowship, FDT202001010865, R.C.), Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI) (Korea-Switzerland global research support grant: RS-2023-00266300, J.-J.S.), National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea (Korea-Austria collaborative grant NRF-2019K1A3A1A181160, J.-J.S. and F.K.M.S.; NRF-2020R1A2B5B03001517 and RS-2024-00333346 and RS-2024-00436173, J.-J.S.; 2021R1C1C1006700, D.K.).","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"text":"The Huntingtin protein (HTT), named for its role in Huntington’s disease, has been best understood as a scaffolding protein that promotes vesicle transport by molecular motors along microtubules. Here, we show that HTT also interacts with the actin cytoskeleton, and its loss of function disturbs the morphology and function of the axonal growth cone. We demonstrate that HTT organizes F-actin into bundles. Cryo–electron tomography (cryo-ET) and subtomogram averaging (STA) structural analyses reveal that HTT’s N-terminal HEAT and Bridge domains wrap around F-actin, while the C-terminal HEAT domain is displaced; furthermore, HTT dimerizes via the N-HEAT domain to bridge parallel actin filaments separated by ~20 nanometers. Our study provides the structural basis for understanding how HTT interacts with and organizes the actin cytoskeleton.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"38"},{"isi":1,"publisher":"American Physical Society","date_created":"2025-09-10T05:41:30Z","oa":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","project":[{"name":"Cavity electromechanics across a quantum phase transition","_id":"0aa3608a-070f-11eb-9043-e9cd8a2bd931","grant_number":"P33692"},{"grant_number":"754411","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"eb9b30ac-77a9-11ec-83b8-871f581d53d2","name":"Protected states of quantum matter"}],"article_type":"original","ddc":["530"],"_id":"20324","publication":"Physical Review Applied","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"        24","quality_controlled":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","OA_type":"hybrid","volume":24,"OA_place":"publisher","title":"Dual relaxation oscillations in a Josephson-junction array","author":[{"full_name":"Mukhopadhyay, Soham","orcid":"0000-0001-5263-5559","first_name":"Soham","last_name":"Mukhopadhyay","id":"FDE60288-A89D-11E9-947F-1AF6E5697425"},{"id":"6c55e976-15b2-11ec-abd3-d790e8937fde","last_name":"Lancheros Naranjo","first_name":"Diego A","full_name":"Lancheros Naranjo, Diego A"},{"full_name":"Senior, Jorden L","orcid":"0000-0002-0672-9295","first_name":"Jorden L","last_name":"Senior","id":"5479D234-2D30-11EA-89CC-40953DDC885E"},{"first_name":"Andrew P","last_name":"Higginbotham","id":"4AD6785A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Higginbotham, Andrew P","orcid":"0000-0003-2607-2363"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"arxiv":1,"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"18057","status":"public","relation":"earlier_version"}]},"corr_author":"1","date_published":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","file":[{"file_id":"20335","relation":"main_file","success":1,"file_size":1370466,"access_level":"open_access","checksum":"6cc3c9beeb7c0a88ee0a072c9a32b78b","content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","file_name":"2025_PhysReviewAppl_Mukhopadhyay.pdf","date_created":"2025-09-10T07:29:06Z","date_updated":"2025-09-10T07:29:06Z"}],"month":"07","citation":{"short":"S. Mukhopadhyay, D.A. Lancheros Naranjo, J.L. Senior, A.P. Higginbotham, Physical Review Applied 24 (2025).","chicago":"Mukhopadhyay, Soham, Diego A Lancheros Naranjo, Jorden L Senior, and Andrew P Higginbotham. “Dual Relaxation Oscillations in a Josephson-Junction Array.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/qvls-7s3q\">https://doi.org/10.1103/qvls-7s3q</a>.","mla":"Mukhopadhyay, Soham, et al. “Dual Relaxation Oscillations in a Josephson-Junction Array.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 24, 014035, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/qvls-7s3q\">10.1103/qvls-7s3q</a>.","ama":"Mukhopadhyay S, Lancheros Naranjo DA, Senior JL, Higginbotham AP. Dual relaxation oscillations in a Josephson-junction array. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. 2025;24. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/qvls-7s3q\">10.1103/qvls-7s3q</a>","ista":"Mukhopadhyay S, Lancheros Naranjo DA, Senior JL, Higginbotham AP. 2025. Dual relaxation oscillations in a Josephson-junction array. Physical Review Applied. 24, 014035.","ieee":"S. Mukhopadhyay, D. A. Lancheros Naranjo, J. L. Senior, and A. P. Higginbotham, “Dual relaxation oscillations in a Josephson-junction array,” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 24. American Physical Society, 2025.","apa":"Mukhopadhyay, S., Lancheros Naranjo, D. A., Senior, J. L., &#38; Higginbotham, A. P. (2025). Dual relaxation oscillations in a Josephson-junction array. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/qvls-7s3q\">https://doi.org/10.1103/qvls-7s3q</a>"},"day":"17","type":"journal_article","file_date_updated":"2025-09-10T07:29:06Z","ec_funded":1,"abstract":[{"text":"We report relaxation oscillations in a one-dimensional array of Josephson junctions, wherein the array dynamically switches between low-current and high-current states. The oscillations are current-voltage dual to those ordinarily observed in single junctions. The current-voltage dual circuit quantitatively accounts for temporal dynamics of the array, including the dependence on biasing conditions. Injection locking of the oscillations results in well-developed current plateaux. A thermal model explains the self-consistent reduction of the superconducting gap due to overheating of the array in the high-current state. Our work suggests that overheating determines the switching from the high-current state to the low-current state.","lang":"eng"}],"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"status":"public","acknowledgement":"We gratefully acknowledge support from the Miba Machine Shop and the Nanofabrictation Facility at IST Austria. This work was supported by the Austrian FWF under Grant No. P33692-N (S.M., J.S., and A.P.H.), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411 (J.S.), and a NOMIS Foundation research grant (A.P.H.).","year":"2025","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2331-7019"]},"doi":"10.1103/qvls-7s3q","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"AnHi"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/qvls-7s3q","external_id":{"isi":["001537333100001"],"arxiv":["2408.07829 "]},"date_updated":"2026-09-24T10:13:38Z","article_number":"014035","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","oa_version":"Published Version"},{"year":"2025","status":"public","acknowledgement":"The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions. We are also grateful to Christelle Fraïsse, Marwan Elkrewi, and Filip Ruzicka for the help in this project.","doi":"10.1093/gbe/evaf021","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1759-6653"]},"abstract":[{"text":"Sex-linked and autosomal loci experience different selective pressures and evolutionary dynamics. X (or Z) chromosomes are often hemizygous in males (or females), as Y (or W) chromosomes often degenerate. Such hemizygous regions can be under greater efficacy of selection, as recessive mutations are immediately exposed to selection in the heterogametic sex leading to faster adaptation and faster divergence on the X chromosome (the so-called Faster-X or Faster-Z effect). However, in young nonrecombining regions, Y/W chromosomes often have many functional genes, and many X/Z-linked loci are therefore diploid. The sheltering of recessive mutations on the X/Z by the Y/W homolog is expected to drive slower adaptation for diploid X/Z loci, i.e. a reduction in the efficacy of selection. While the Faster-X effect has been studied extensively, much less is known empirically about the evolutionary dynamics of diploid X or Z chromosomes. Here, we took advantage of published population genomic data in the female-heterogametic human parasite Schistosoma japonicum to characterize the gene content and diversity levels of the diploid and hemizygous regions of the Z chromosome. We used different metrics of selective pressures acting on genes to test for differences in the efficacy of selection in hemizygous and diploid Z regions, relative to autosomes. We found consistent patterns suggesting reduced Ne, and reduced efficacy of purifying selection, on both hemizygous and diploid Z regions. Moreover, relaxed selection was particularly pronounced for female-biased genes on the diploid Z, as predicted by recent theoretical work.","lang":"eng"}],"issue":"2","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"file_date_updated":"2025-03-10T08:25:59Z","day":"01","type":"journal_article","month":"02","citation":{"short":"A. Mrnjavac, B. Vicoso, Genome Biology and Evolution 17 (2025).","mla":"Mrnjavac, Andrea, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Reduced Efficacy of Selection on a Young Z Chromosome Region of Schistosoma Japonicum.” <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>, vol. 17, no. 2, evaf021, Oxford University Press, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf021\">10.1093/gbe/evaf021</a>.","chicago":"Mrnjavac, Andrea, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Reduced Efficacy of Selection on a Young Z Chromosome Region of Schistosoma Japonicum.” <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>. Oxford University Press, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf021\">https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf021</a>.","ieee":"A. Mrnjavac and B. Vicoso, “Reduced efficacy of selection on a young Z chromosome region of schistosoma japonicum,” <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>, vol. 17, no. 2. Oxford University Press, 2025.","apa":"Mrnjavac, A., &#38; Vicoso, B. (2025). Reduced efficacy of selection on a young Z chromosome region of schistosoma japonicum. <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf021\">https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf021</a>","ama":"Mrnjavac A, Vicoso B. Reduced efficacy of selection on a young Z chromosome region of schistosoma japonicum. <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>. 2025;17(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf021\">10.1093/gbe/evaf021</a>","ista":"Mrnjavac A, Vicoso B. 2025. Reduced efficacy of selection on a young Z chromosome region of schistosoma japonicum. Genome Biology and Evolution. 17(2), evaf021."},"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","article_processing_charge":"Yes","oa_version":"Published Version","article_number":"evaf021","date_updated":"2026-09-24T11:18:17Z","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf021","external_id":{"isi":["001423671400001"],"pmid":["39913672"]},"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"BeVi"}],"_id":"19370","ddc":["570"],"intvolume":"        17","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Genome Biology and Evolution","date_created":"2025-03-09T23:01:27Z","oa":1,"article_type":"original","has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://git.ista.ac.at/amrnjava/schistosomes_slower_z","relation":"software"}],"record":[{"relation":"earlier_version","status":"public","id":"18549"}]},"file":[{"date_created":"2025-03-10T08:25:59Z","date_updated":"2025-03-10T08:25:59Z","file_name":"2025_GBE_Mrnjavac.pdf","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"e3aa993e3d6dad10cb806c243fa57408","access_level":"open_access","file_size":768371,"success":1,"relation":"main_file","file_id":"19378"}],"corr_author":"1","date_published":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"title":"Reduced efficacy of selection on a young Z chromosome region of schistosoma japonicum","author":[{"id":"353FAC84-AE61-11E9-8BFC-00D3E5697425","last_name":"Mrnjavac","first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Mrnjavac, Andrea"},{"id":"49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Beatriz","last_name":"Vicoso","orcid":"0000-0002-4579-8306","full_name":"Vicoso, Beatriz"}],"OA_type":"gold","volume":17,"quality_controlled":"1","pmid":1,"OA_place":"publisher"},{"department":[{"_id":"IlCa"}],"publication_status":"published","external_id":{"isi":["001414753300007"],"arxiv":["2501.04446"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452907","date_updated":"2026-09-24T13:45:58Z","article_number":"A68","article_processing_charge":"Yes","oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"ista":"Scalco M, Gerasimov R, Bedin LR, Vesperini E, Correnti M, Nardiello D, Burgasser A, Richer H, Caiazzo I, Heyl J, Libralato M, Anderson J, Griggio M. 2025. JWST photometry and astrometry of 47 Tucanæ. Discontinuity in the stellar sequence at the star--brown dwarf transition. Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics. 694, A68.","ieee":"M. Scalco <i>et al.</i>, “JWST photometry and astrometry of 47 Tucanæ. Discontinuity in the stellar sequence at the star--brown dwarf transition,” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 694. EDP Sciences, 2025.","ama":"Scalco M, Gerasimov R, Bedin LR, et al. JWST photometry and astrometry of 47 Tucanæ. Discontinuity in the stellar sequence at the star--brown dwarf transition. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. 2025;694. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452907\">10.1051/0004-6361/202452907</a>","apa":"Scalco, M., Gerasimov, R., Bedin, L. R., Vesperini, E., Correnti, M., Nardiello, D., … Griggio, M. (2025). JWST photometry and astrometry of 47 Tucanæ. Discontinuity in the stellar sequence at the star--brown dwarf transition. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452907\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452907</a>","short":"M. Scalco, R. Gerasimov, L.R. Bedin, E. Vesperini, M. Correnti, D. Nardiello, A. Burgasser, H. Richer, I. Caiazzo, J. Heyl, M. Libralato, J. Anderson, M. Griggio, Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics 694 (2025).","mla":"Scalco, M., et al. “JWST Photometry and Astrometry of 47 Tucanæ. Discontinuity in the Stellar Sequence at the Star--Brown Dwarf Transition.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 694, A68, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452907\">10.1051/0004-6361/202452907</a>.","chicago":"Scalco, M., R. Gerasimov, L. R. Bedin, E. Vesperini, M. Correnti, D. Nardiello, A. Burgasser, et al. “JWST Photometry and Astrometry of 47 Tucanæ. Discontinuity in the Stellar Sequence at the Star--Brown Dwarf Transition.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452907\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452907</a>."},"month":"02","type":"journal_article","day":"04","file_date_updated":"2025-04-16T07:13:31Z","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"text":"Using JWST Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) images of the globular cluster 47,Tucanæ, (or NGC,104), taken at two epochs just 7 months apart, we derived proper-motion membership down to F322W2 ∼ 27. We identified an intriguing feature at the very low-mass end of the main sequence, around ∼ 0.08,M_⋅, at magnitudes F322W2 ∼ 24 and m_ F150W2 ∼ 25. This feature, dubbed 'kink', is characterized by a prominent discontinuity in the slope of the main sequence. A similar discontinuity is seen in theoretical isochrones with oxygen-poor chemistries, related to the rapid onset of absorption. We therefore hypothesize that the cluster hosts disproportionately more oxygen-poor stars near the bottom of the main sequence compared to the upper main sequence and the red giant branch. Our results show no strong or conclusive evidence of a rise in the brown dwarf luminosity function at faint magnitudes, in contrast to previous findings likely affected by faint red background galaxies. In our analysis, we accounted for this contamination by using proper motion membership.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1432-0746"],"issn":["0004-6361"]},"doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202452907","acknowledgement":"We dedicate this paper to the memory of our colleague Prof. Harvey Richer (⋆ April 1944 —† 13 November 2023), a highly accomplished astronomer and expert in stellar populations and in particular within globular clusters, who passed away during this project. Harvey grew up in Montreal and was at least the second star man to graduate from his high school, having been preceded by William Shatner by more than a decade. He worked at the University of British Columbia for most of his career, and his focus was the late stages of stellar evolution, in particular carbon stars and white dwarfs. We thank the referee for his valuable suggestions and comments, which helped improve the paper, as well as for his prompt revision.","status":"public","year":"2025","OA_place":"publisher","quality_controlled":"1","OA_type":"diamond","volume":694,"title":"JWST photometry and astrometry of 47 Tucanæ. Discontinuity in the stellar sequence at the star--brown dwarf transition","author":[{"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Scalco","full_name":"Scalco, M."},{"full_name":"Gerasimov, R.","first_name":"R.","last_name":"Gerasimov"},{"full_name":"Bedin, L. R.","last_name":"Bedin","first_name":"L. R."},{"full_name":"Vesperini, E.","first_name":"E.","last_name":"Vesperini"},{"full_name":"Correnti, M.","first_name":"M.","last_name":"Correnti"},{"full_name":"Nardiello, D.","first_name":"D.","last_name":"Nardiello"},{"last_name":"Burgasser","first_name":"A.","full_name":"Burgasser, A."},{"first_name":"H.","last_name":"Richer","full_name":"Richer, H."},{"id":"8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d","last_name":"Caiazzo","first_name":"Ilaria","orcid":"0000-0002-4770-5388","full_name":"Caiazzo, Ilaria"},{"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Heyl","full_name":"Heyl, J."},{"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Libralato","full_name":"Libralato, M."},{"full_name":"Anderson, J.","last_name":"Anderson","first_name":"J."},{"last_name":"Griggio","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Griggio, M."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"arxiv":1,"date_published":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","file":[{"creator":"dernst","file_name":"2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_Scalco.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2025-04-16T07:13:31Z","date_created":"2025-04-16T07:13:31Z","file_size":18080704,"success":1,"relation":"main_file","file_id":"19569","checksum":"db765ce222df60a1e7c19da1968906a8","access_level":"open_access"}],"isi":1,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","has_accepted_license":"1","article_type":"original","date_created":"2025-01-21T15:29:36Z","oa":1,"publication":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","intvolume":"       694","scopus_import":"1","ddc":["520"],"_id":"18866"},{"month":"02","supplementarymaterial":"yes","citation":{"chicago":"Grah, Rok, Calin C Guet, Gašper Tkačik, and Mato Lagator. “Linking Molecular Mechanisms to Their Evolutionary Consequences: A Primer.” <i>Genetics</i>. Oxford University Press, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae191\">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae191</a>.","mla":"Grah, Rok, et al. “Linking Molecular Mechanisms to Their Evolutionary Consequences: A Primer.” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 229, no. 2, iyae191, Oxford University Press, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae191\">10.1093/genetics/iyae191</a>.","short":"R. Grah, C.C. Guet, G. Tkačik, M. Lagator, Genetics 229 (2025).","ama":"Grah R, Guet CC, Tkačik G, Lagator M. Linking molecular mechanisms to their evolutionary consequences: a primer. <i>Genetics</i>. 2025;229(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae191\">10.1093/genetics/iyae191</a>","apa":"Grah, R., Guet, C. C., Tkačik, G., &#38; Lagator, M. (2025). Linking molecular mechanisms to their evolutionary consequences: a primer. <i>Genetics</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae191\">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae191</a>","ista":"Grah R, Guet CC, Tkačik G, Lagator M. 2025. Linking molecular mechanisms to their evolutionary consequences: a primer. Genetics. 229(2), iyae191.","ieee":"R. Grah, C. C. Guet, G. Tkačik, and M. Lagator, “Linking molecular mechanisms to their evolutionary consequences: a primer,” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 229, no. 2. Oxford University Press, 2025."},"type":"journal_article","day":"01","file_date_updated":"2025-04-16T09:41:04Z","dataavailabilitystatement":"Strains and plasmids are available upon request. All experimental raw data can be found in Supplementary Data 1. All code underpinning this work is available at https://github.com/Lagator-Group/Linking-Molecular-Mechanisms-to-their-Evolutionary-consequence-a-primer or upon request.  Supplemental material available at GENETICS online","issue":"2","abstract":[{"text":"A major obstacle to predictive understanding of evolution stems from the complexity of biological systems, which prevents detailed characterization of key evolutionary properties. Here, we highlight some of the major sources of complexity that arise when relating molecular mechanisms to their evolutionary consequences and ask whether accounting for every mechanistic detail is important to accurately predict evolutionary outcomes. To do this, we developed a mechanistic model of a bacterial promoter regulated by 2 proteins, allowing us to connect any promoter genotype to 6 phenotypes that capture the dynamics of gene expression following an environmental switch. Accounting for the mechanisms that govern how this system works enabled us to provide an in-depth picture of how regulated bacterial promoters might evolve. More importantly, we used the model to explore which factors that contribute to the complexity of this system are essential for understanding its evolution, and which can be simplified without information loss. We found that several key evolutionary properties—the distribution of phenotypic and fitness effects of mutations, the evolutionary trajectories during selection for regulation—can be accurately captured without accounting for all, or even most, parameters of the system. Our findings point to the need for a mechanistic approach to studying evolution, as it enables tackling biological complexity and in doing so improves the ability to predict evolutionary outcomes.","lang":"eng"}],"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"acknowledgement":"The authors thank Nick Barton, Stepan Denisov, Claudia Igler, Srdjan Sarikas, Anna Staron, and the anonymous reviewers for useful comments and discussions that helped improve our work.\r\nFunding for this work was provided by the Wellcome Trust–Royal Society Sir Henry Dale Fellowship (216779/Z/19/Z) and the Royal Society Research Grant (RG\\R2\\232522) to M.L.","status":"public","year":"2025","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1943-2631"]},"doi":"10.1093/genetics/iyae191","publication_status":"published","researchdata_availability":"upon request","department":[{"_id":"CaGu"},{"_id":"GaTk"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae191","external_id":{"pmid":["39601269"],"isi":["001379194200001"]},"date_updated":"2026-10-01T08:30:12Z","article_number":"iyae191","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","oa_version":"Published Version","isi":1,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","oa":1,"date_created":"2025-01-29T08:21:35Z","has_accepted_license":"1","article_type":"original","ddc":["570"],"das_tickbox":"1","_id":"18936","publication":"Genetics","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"       229","quality_controlled":"1","pmid":1,"OA_type":"hybrid","volume":229,"OA_place":"publisher","title":"Linking molecular mechanisms to their evolutionary consequences: a primer","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-2539-3560","full_name":"Grah, Rok","id":"483E70DE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Rok","last_name":"Grah"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6220-2052","full_name":"Guet, Calin C","id":"47F8433E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Calin C","last_name":"Guet"},{"id":"3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Gašper","last_name":"Tkačik","orcid":"0000-0002-6699-1455","full_name":"Tkačik, Gašper"},{"last_name":"Lagator","first_name":"Mato","id":"345D25EC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Lagator, Mato"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"corr_author":"1","date_published":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","file":[{"date_created":"2025-04-16T09:41:04Z","date_updated":"2025-04-16T09:41:04Z","creator":"dernst","file_name":"2025_Genetics_Grah.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"f730e416795969449ef49d97b82ac494","access_level":"open_access","file_size":1511688,"success":1,"file_id":"19580","relation":"main_file"}]}]