---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '21280'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We give an algorithm that, with high probability, maintains a (1-ε)-approximate
    s-t maximum flow in undirected, uncapacitated n-vertex graphs undergoing m edge
    insertions in Õ(m+ n F^*/ε) total update time, where F^{*} is the maximum flow
    on the final graph. This is the first algorithm to achieve polylogarithmic amortized
    update time for dense graphs (m = Ω(n²)), and more generally, for graphs where
    F^* = Õ(m/n). At the heart of our incremental algorithm is the residual graph
    sparsification technique of Karger and Levine [SICOMP '15], originally designed
    for computing exact maximum flows in the static setting. Our main contributions
    are (i) showing how to maintain such sparsifiers for approximate maximum flows
    in the incremental setting and (ii) generalizing the cut sparsification framework
    of Fung et al. [SICOMP '19] from undirected graphs to balanced directed graphs.
acknowledgement: "Monika Henzinger and A. R. Sricharan: This project has received
  funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon
  2020 research and innovation\r\nprogramme (MoDynStruct, No. 101019564) and the Austrian
  Science Fund (FWF) grant DOI\r\n10.55776/Z422, grant DOI 10.55776/I5982, and grant
  DOI 10.55776/P33775 with additional funding from the netidee SCIENCE Stiftung, 2020–2024.
  Harald Räcke: This project has received funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 498605858 and 470029389."
alternative_title:
- LIPIcs
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Gramoz
  full_name: Goranci, Gramoz
  last_name: Goranci
- first_name: Monika H
  full_name: Henzinger, Monika H
  id: 540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000-0002-5008-6530
- first_name: Harald
  full_name: Räcke, Harald
  last_name: Räcke
- first_name: A.
  full_name: Sricharan, A.
  last_name: Sricharan
citation:
  ama: 'Goranci G, Henzinger M, Räcke H, Sricharan A. Incremental approximate maximum
    flow via residual graph sparsification. In: <i>52nd International Colloquium on
    Automata, Languages, and Programming</i>. Vol 334. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum
    für Informatik; 2025:91:1-91:20. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.icalp.2025.91">10.4230/lipics.icalp.2025.91</a>'
  apa: 'Goranci, G., Henzinger, M., Räcke, H., &#38; Sricharan, A. (2025). Incremental
    approximate maximum flow via residual graph sparsification. In <i>52nd International
    Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming</i> (Vol. 334, p. 91:1-91:20).
    Aarhus, Denmark: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.icalp.2025.91">https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.icalp.2025.91</a>'
  chicago: Goranci, Gramoz, Monika Henzinger, Harald Räcke, and A. Sricharan. “Incremental
    Approximate Maximum Flow via Residual Graph Sparsification.” In <i>52nd International
    Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming</i>, 334:91:1-91:20. Schloss
    Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.icalp.2025.91">https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.icalp.2025.91</a>.
  ieee: G. Goranci, M. Henzinger, H. Räcke, and A. Sricharan, “Incremental approximate
    maximum flow via residual graph sparsification,” in <i>52nd International Colloquium
    on Automata, Languages, and Programming</i>, Aarhus, Denmark, 2025, vol. 334,
    p. 91:1-91:20.
  ista: 'Goranci G, Henzinger M, Räcke H, Sricharan A. 2025. Incremental approximate
    maximum flow via residual graph sparsification. 52nd International Colloquium
    on Automata, Languages, and Programming. ICALP: Automata, Languages and Programming,
    LIPIcs, vol. 334, 91:1-91:20.'
  mla: Goranci, Gramoz, et al. “Incremental Approximate Maximum Flow via Residual
    Graph Sparsification.” <i>52nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages,
    and Programming</i>, vol. 334, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik,
    2025, p. 91:1-91:20, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.icalp.2025.91">10.4230/lipics.icalp.2025.91</a>.
  short: G. Goranci, M. Henzinger, H. Räcke, A. Sricharan, in:, 52nd International
    Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum
    für Informatik, 2025, p. 91:1-91:20.
conference:
  end_date: 2025-07-11
  location: Aarhus, Denmark
  name: 'ICALP: Automata, Languages and Programming'
  start_date: 2025-07-08
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-02-17T08:26:06Z
date_published: 2025-06-30T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-20T06:28:00Z
day: '30'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: MoHe
doi: 10.4230/lipics.icalp.2025.91
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2502.09105'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: c178cf554e44204b9f64ebd9b54cf7ba
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2026-02-18T09:02:33Z
  date_updated: 2026-02-18T09:02:33Z
  file_id: '21315'
  file_name: 2025_ICALP_Goranci.pdf
  file_size: 944824
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2026-02-18T09:02:33Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.icalp.2025.91
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       334'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 91:1-91:20
project:
- _id: bd9ca328-d553-11ed-ba76-dc4f890cfe62
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '101019564'
  name: The design and evaluation of modern fully dynamic data structures
- _id: 34def286-11ca-11ed-8bc3-da5948e1613c
  grant_number: Z00422
  name: Efficient algorithms
- _id: bda196b2-d553-11ed-ba76-8e8ee6c21103
  grant_number: I05982
  name: Static and Dynamic Hierarchical Graph Decompositions
- _id: bd9e3a2e-d553-11ed-ba76-8aa684ce17fe
  grant_number: P33775
  name: Fast Algorithms for a Reactive Network Layer
publication: 52nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783959773720'
publication_status: published
publisher: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '22716'
    relation: later_version
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Incremental approximate maximum flow via residual graph sparsification
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 334
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '21262'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Continuous Group Key Agreement (CGKA) is the primitive underlying secure
    group messaging. It allows a large group of N users to maintain a shared secret
    key that is frequently rotated by the\r\ngroup members in order to achieve forward
    secrecy and post compromise security. The group messaging scheme Messaging Layer
    Security (MLS) standardized by the IETF makes use of a CGKA called TreeKEM which
    arranges the N group members in a binary tree. Here, each node is associated with
    a public-key, each user is assigned one of the leaves, and a user knows the corresponding
    secret keys from their leaf to the root. To update the key material known to them,
    a user must just replace keys at log(N) nodes, which requires them to create and
    upload log(N) ciphertexts. Such updates must be processed sequentially by all
    users, which for large groups is impractical. To allow for concurrent updates,
    TreeKEM uses the “propose and commit” paradigm, where multiple users can concurrently
    propose to update (by just sampling a fresh leaf key), and a single user can then
    commit to all proposals at once. Unfortunately, this process destroys the binary
    tree structure as the tree gets pruned and some nodes must be “blanked” at the
    cost of increasing the in-degree of others, which makes the commit operation,
    as well as, future commits more costly. In the worst case, the update cost (in
    terms of uploaded ciphertexts) per user can grow from log(N) to Ω(N). In this
    work we provide two main contributions. First, we show that MLS’ communication
    complexity is bad not only in the worst case but also if the proposers and committers
    are chosen at random: even if there’s just one update proposal for every commit
    the expected cost is already over √N, and it approaches N as this ratio changes
    towards more proposals. Our second contribution is a new variant of propose and
    commit for\r\nTreeKEM which for moderate amounts of update proposals per commit
    provably achieves an update cost of Θ(log(N)) assuming the proposers and committers
    are chosen at random."
acknowledgement: B. Auerbach and B. Erol—Conducted part of this work at ISTA.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Benedikt
  full_name: Auerbach, Benedikt
  id: D33D2B18-E445-11E9-ABB7-15F4E5697425
  last_name: Auerbach
  orcid: 0000-0002-7553-6606
- first_name: Miguel
  full_name: Cueto Noval, Miguel
  id: ffc563a3-f6e0-11ea-865d-e3cce03d17cc
  last_name: Cueto Noval
  orcid: 0000-0002-2505-4246
- first_name: Boran
  full_name: Erol, Boran
  last_name: Erol
- first_name: Krzysztof Z
  full_name: Pietrzak, Krzysztof Z
  id: 3E04A7AA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Pietrzak
  orcid: 0000-0002-9139-1654
citation:
  ama: 'Auerbach B, Cueto Noval M, Erol B, Pietrzak KZ. Continuous group-key agreement:
    Concurrent updates without pruning. In: <i>45th Annual International Cryptology
    Conference</i>. Vol 16007. Springer Nature; 2025:141-172. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01913-4_5">10.1007/978-3-032-01913-4_5</a>'
  apa: 'Auerbach, B., Cueto Noval, M., Erol, B., &#38; Pietrzak, K. Z. (2025). Continuous
    group-key agreement: Concurrent updates without pruning. In <i>45th Annual International
    Cryptology Conference</i> (Vol. 16007, pp. 141–172). Santa Barbara, CA, United
    States: Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01913-4_5">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01913-4_5</a>'
  chicago: 'Auerbach, Benedikt, Miguel Cueto Noval, Boran Erol, and Krzysztof Z Pietrzak.
    “Continuous Group-Key Agreement: Concurrent Updates without Pruning.” In <i>45th
    Annual International Cryptology Conference</i>, 16007:141–72. Springer Nature,
    2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01913-4_5">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01913-4_5</a>.'
  ieee: 'B. Auerbach, M. Cueto Noval, B. Erol, and K. Z. Pietrzak, “Continuous group-key
    agreement: Concurrent updates without pruning,” in <i>45th Annual International
    Cryptology Conference</i>, Santa Barbara, CA, United States, 2025, vol. 16007,
    pp. 141–172.'
  ista: 'Auerbach B, Cueto Noval M, Erol B, Pietrzak KZ. 2025. Continuous group-key
    agreement: Concurrent updates without pruning. 45th Annual International Cryptology
    Conference. CRYPTO: International Cryptology Conference, LNCS, vol. 16007, 141–172.'
  mla: 'Auerbach, Benedikt, et al. “Continuous Group-Key Agreement: Concurrent Updates
    without Pruning.” <i>45th Annual International Cryptology Conference</i>, vol.
    16007, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 141–72, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01913-4_5">10.1007/978-3-032-01913-4_5</a>.'
  short: B. Auerbach, M. Cueto Noval, B. Erol, K.Z. Pietrzak, in:, 45th Annual International
    Cryptology Conference, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 141–172.
conference:
  end_date: 2025-08-21
  location: Santa Barbara, CA, United States
  name: 'CRYPTO: International Cryptology Conference'
  start_date: 2025-08-17
date_created: 2026-02-17T07:41:04Z
date_published: 2025-08-17T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-21T10:53:16Z
day: '17'
department:
- _id: KrPi
doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-01913-4_5
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-01913-4_5
intvolume: '     16007'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/1035
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 141-172
publication: 45th Annual International Cryptology Conference
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - '9783032019134'
  eissn:
  - 1611-3349
  isbn:
  - '9783032019127'
  issn:
  - 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
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  - id: '22664'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
status: public
title: 'Continuous group-key agreement: Concurrent updates without pruning'
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 16007
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '19278'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'When two insulating, neutral materials are contacted and separated, they
    exchange electrical charge1. Experiments have long suggested that this ‘contact
    electrification’ is transitive, with different materials ordering into ‘triboelectric
    series’ based on the sign of charge acquired2. At the same time, the effect is
    plagued by unpredictability, preventing consensus on the mechanism and casting
    doubt on the rhyme and reason that series imply3. Here we expose an unanticipated
    connection between the unpredictability and order in contact electrification:
    nominally identical materials initially exchange charge randomly and intransitively,
    but—over repeated experiments—order into triboelectric series. We find that this
    evolution is driven by the act of contact itself—samples with more contacts in
    their history charge negatively to ones with fewer contacts. Capturing this ‘contact
    bias’ in a minimal model, we recreate both the initial randomness and ultimate
    order in numerical simulations and use it experimentally to force the appearance
    of a triboelectric series of our choosing. With a set of surface-sensitive techniques
    to search for the underlying alterations contact creates, we only find evidence
    of nanoscale morphological changes, pointing to a mechanism strongly coupled with
    mechanics. Our results highlight the centrality of contact history in contact
    electrification and suggest that focusing on the unpredictability that has long
    plagued the effect may hold the key to understanding it.'
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: ScienComp
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: LifeSc
acknowledgement: This project has received financing from the European Research Council
  grant agreement no. 949120 under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
  innovation programme. The Analytical Instrumentation Center of the TU Wien acknowledges
  support by the FFG project ‘ELSA’ under grant no. 884672. C.M.P. and M.O. acknowledge
  the state of Lower Austria and the European Regional Development Fund under grant
  no. WST3-F-542638/004-2021. This research was supported by the Scientific Service
  Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria through resources provided
  by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing facility,
  Electron Microscopy Facility and Lab Support Facility. We thank J. Garcia-Suarez
  and G. Anciaux for the suggestion to look into the roughness power spectral density.
  We thank I.-M. Strugaru for help with testing the device for Young’s modulus measurements.
  Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).
article_number: 664-669
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Juan Carlos A
  full_name: Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A
  id: 4B807D68-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425
  last_name: Sobarzo Ponce
- first_name: Felix
  full_name: Pertl, Felix
  id: 6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af
  last_name: Pertl
  orcid: 0000-0003-0463-5794
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Balazs, Daniel
  id: 302BADF6-85FC-11EA-9E3B-B9493DDC885E
  last_name: Balazs
  orcid: 0000-0001-7597-043X
- first_name: Tommaso
  full_name: Costanzo, Tommaso
  id: D93824F4-D9BA-11E9-BB12-F207E6697425
  last_name: Costanzo
  orcid: 0000-0001-9732-3815
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Sauer, Markus
  last_name: Sauer
- first_name: Annette
  full_name: Foelske, Annette
  last_name: Foelske
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Ostermann, Markus
  last_name: Ostermann
- first_name: Christian M.
  full_name: Pichler, Christian M.
  last_name: Pichler
- first_name: Yongkang
  full_name: Wang, Yongkang
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Yuki
  full_name: Nagata, Yuki
  last_name: Nagata
- first_name: Mischa
  full_name: Bonn, Mischa
  last_name: Bonn
- first_name: Scott R
  full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R
  id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Waitukaitis
  orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176
citation:
  ama: Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Pertl F, Balazs D, et al. Spontaneous ordering of identical
    materials into a triboelectric series. <i>Nature</i>. 2025;638(8051). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6">10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6</a>
  apa: Sobarzo Ponce, J. C. A., Pertl, F., Balazs, D., Costanzo, T., Sauer, M., Foelske,
    A., … Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into
    a triboelectric series. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6</a>
  chicago: Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A, Felix Pertl, Daniel Balazs, Tommaso Costanzo,
    Markus Sauer, Annette Foelske, Markus Ostermann, et al. “Spontaneous Ordering
    of Identical Materials into a Triboelectric Series.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature,
    2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6</a>.
  ieee: J. C. A. Sobarzo Ponce <i>et al.</i>, “Spontaneous ordering of identical materials
    into a triboelectric series,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 638, no. 8051. Springer Nature,
    2025.
  ista: Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Pertl F, Balazs D, Costanzo T, Sauer M, Foelske A, Ostermann
    M, Pichler CM, Wang Y, Nagata Y, Bonn M, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. Spontaneous ordering
    of identical materials into a triboelectric series. Nature. 638(8051), 664–669.
  mla: Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A., et al. “Spontaneous Ordering of Identical Materials
    into a Triboelectric Series.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 638, no. 8051, 664–669, Springer
    Nature, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6">10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6</a>.
  short: J.C.A. Sobarzo Ponce, F. Pertl, D. Balazs, T. Costanzo, M. Sauer, A. Foelske,
    M. Ostermann, C.M. Pichler, Y. Wang, Y. Nagata, M. Bonn, S.R. Waitukaitis, Nature
    638 (2025).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-03-02T23:01:52Z
date_published: 2025-02-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-27T11:42:43Z
day: '20'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: ScWa
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: EM-Fac
doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001428076100015'
  pmid:
  - '39972227'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: fecf302274dd3218d3e7dd22f39a6c0c
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2025-03-04T10:05:18Z
  date_updated: 2025-03-04T10:05:18Z
  file_id: '19289'
  file_name: 2025_Nature_Sobarzo.pdf
  file_size: 3807415
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-03-04T10:05:18Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       638'
isi: 1
issue: '8051'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '949120'
  name: 'Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics'
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1476-4687
  issn:
  - 0028-0836
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - description: News on ISTA website
    relation: press_release
    url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/an-electrifying-turn-in-an-age-old-quest/
  record:
  - id: '20203'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
  - id: '22684'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
volume: 638
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20481'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is widely used in stationary and dynamic
    studies of contact electrification. An obvious question that connects these two
    has been overlooked: when are charge dynamics too fast for stationary studies
    to be meaningful? Using a rapid transfer system to quickly perform KPFM after
    contact, we find the dynamics are too fast in all but the best insulators. Our
    data further suggest that dynamics are caused by bulk as opposed to surface conductivity,
    and that charge-transfer heterogeneity is less prevalent than previously suggested.'
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: LifeSc
acknowledgement: This project has received funding from the European Research Council
  (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
  (Grant agreement No. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service
  Units of The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources
  provided by the Miba Machine Shop, the Nanofabrication Facility and Lab Support
  Facility.
article_number: '146202'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Felix
  full_name: Pertl, Felix
  id: 6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af
  last_name: Pertl
  orcid: 0000-0003-0463-5794
- first_name: Isaac C
  full_name: Lenton, Isaac C
  id: a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb
  last_name: Lenton
  orcid: 0000-0002-5010-6984
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Cramer, Tobias
  last_name: Cramer
- first_name: Scott R
  full_name: Waitukaitis, Scott R
  id: 3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Waitukaitis
  orcid: 0000-0002-2299-3176
citation:
  ama: 'Pertl F, Lenton IC, Cramer T, Waitukaitis SR. No time for surface charge:
    How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin probe force microscopy
    in contact-electrified surfaces. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. 2025;135(14).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/lcsm-xxty">10.1103/lcsm-xxty</a>'
  apa: 'Pertl, F., Lenton, I. C., Cramer, T., &#38; Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). No
    time for surface charge: How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin
    probe force microscopy in contact-electrified surfaces. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>.
    American Physical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/lcsm-xxty">https://doi.org/10.1103/lcsm-xxty</a>'
  chicago: 'Pertl, Felix, Isaac C Lenton, Tobias Cramer, and Scott R Waitukaitis.
    “No Time for Surface Charge: How Bulk Conductivity Hides Charge Patterns from
    Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Contact-Electrified Surfaces.” <i>Physical Review
    Letters</i>. American Physical Society, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/lcsm-xxty">https://doi.org/10.1103/lcsm-xxty</a>.'
  ieee: 'F. Pertl, I. C. Lenton, T. Cramer, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “No time for surface
    charge: How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin probe force microscopy
    in contact-electrified surfaces,” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 135, no.
    14. American Physical Society, 2025.'
  ista: 'Pertl F, Lenton IC, Cramer T, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. No time for surface charge:
    How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin probe force microscopy
    in contact-electrified surfaces. Physical Review Letters. 135(14), 146202.'
  mla: 'Pertl, Felix, et al. “No Time for Surface Charge: How Bulk Conductivity Hides
    Charge Patterns from Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Contact-Electrified Surfaces.”
    <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 135, no. 14, 146202, American Physical Society,
    2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/lcsm-xxty">10.1103/lcsm-xxty</a>.'
  short: F. Pertl, I.C. Lenton, T. Cramer, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review Letters
    135 (2025).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-10-16T13:13:29Z
date_published: 2025-09-30T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-27T11:42:43Z
day: '30'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: ScWa
doi: 10.1103/lcsm-xxty
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
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  - '2502.12718'
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  - '001587263900003'
file:
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fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1103/lcsm-xxty
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       135'
isi: 1
issue: '14'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '949120'
  name: 'Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics'
publication: Physical Review Letters
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1079-7114
  issn:
  - 0031-9007
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
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    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'No time for surface charge: How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from
  Kelvin probe force microscopy in contact-electrified surfaces'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 135
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
_id: '19684'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "The overarching goal of this thesis is to break down the complexity of turbulent
    flows in terms of enumerable, coherent structures and patterns. In a five-paper
    series, we adopt a variety of perspectives and techniques to relate the properties
    of systems of increasing complexity to their underlying coherent structures. \r\n\r\nInitially,
    we take a dynamical systems point of view, seeing turbulent flow as a chaotic
    trajectory bouncing between exact unstable solutions of the underlying equations
    of motion. Using persistent homology, the main tool of topological data analysis
    capturing the persistence across scales of topological features in a point cloud,
    we introduce a method that quantifies visits of turbulent trajectories to unstable
    time-periodic solutions, also called periodic orbits. We demonstrate this method
    first in the Rössler and Kuramoto–Sivashinsky systems. Using this method in 3D
    Kolmogorov flow, we extract a Markov chain from turbulent data, where each node
    corresponds to the neighbourhood of a periodic orbit. The invariant distribution
    of this Markov chain reproduces expectation values on turbulent data when it is
    used to weight averages on the respective periodic orbits.\r\n\r\nIn more realistic,
    wall-bounded settings, such as plane-Couette flow (pcf) driven by the relative
    motion of the walls, or plane-Poiseuille flow (ppf) driven by a pressure gradient,
    finding exact solutions is difficult. We use dynamic mode decomposition (DMD),
    a dimensionality reduction method for sequential data, to identify and approximate
    low-dimensional dynamics without knowing any exact solutions. Most spatially-extended
    systems are equivariant under translations, and in such cases spatial drifts dominate
    DMD, hindering its use in the search for and modelling of low-dimensional dynamics.
    We augment DMD with a symmetry reduction method trained on turbulent data to stop
    it from seeing translations as a feature, improving its ability to extract dynamical
    information in translation-equivariant systems. We find segments of turbulent
    trajectories that linearize well with their symmetry-reduced DMD spectra, akin
    to dynamics near exact solutions. Searching for harmonics in the spectra gives
    leads for periodic orbits with spatial drifts, one of which converges to a new
    solution.\r\n\r\nIn larger domains, turbulence can localize and coexist with surrounding
    laminar flow. Our preceding approaches are global, taking all of a domain into
    account at once, and cannot readily treat each localized patch individually. Working
    first in a minimal oblique domain that can host a single 1D-localized turbulent
    patch, we find that turbulence in ppf is connected to a stable periodic orbit
    at a flow velocity much lower than when turbulence is first onset. We show that,
    well in advance of sustained turbulence, chaos sets in explosively, and for long
    time horizons, time series are consistent with that of a random process.\r\n\r\nFinally,
    in much larger domains, we study and compare 2D-localized turbulence that appears
    as large-scale inclined structures, called stripes, in ppf and pcf. While appearing
    similar, we find that stripes in these two settings differ significantly in terms
    of how they sustain themselves, and in higher velocities, how they proliferate."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: ScienComp
acknowledgement: "The work in this thesis was supported by a grant from the Simons
  Foundation (662960, BH).\r\n"
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Gökhan
  full_name: Yalniz, Gökhan
  id: 66E74FA2-D8BF-11E9-8249-8DE2E5697425
  last_name: Yalniz
  orcid: 0000-0002-8490-9312
citation:
  ama: 'Yalniz G. Transition to turbulence: Data-, solution-, and pattern-driven approaches.
    2025. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19684">10.15479/AT-ISTA-19684</a>'
  apa: 'Yalniz, G. (2025). <i>Transition to turbulence: Data-, solution-, and pattern-driven
    approaches</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19684">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19684</a>'
  chicago: 'Yalniz, Gökhan. “Transition to Turbulence: Data-, Solution-, and Pattern-Driven
    Approaches.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19684">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19684</a>.'
  ieee: 'G. Yalniz, “Transition to turbulence: Data-, solution-, and pattern-driven
    approaches,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.'
  ista: 'Yalniz G. 2025. Transition to turbulence: Data-, solution-, and pattern-driven
    approaches. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.'
  mla: 'Yalniz, Gökhan. <i>Transition to Turbulence: Data-, Solution-, and Pattern-Driven
    Approaches</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19684">10.15479/AT-ISTA-19684</a>.'
  short: 'G. Yalniz, Transition to Turbulence: Data-, Solution-, and Pattern-Driven
    Approaches, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.'
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-05-12T15:12:28Z
date_published: 2025-05-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-02T08:16:32Z
day: '13'
ddc:
- '514'
- '519'
- '532'
- '004'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: BjHo
doi: 10.15479/AT-ISTA-19684
doi_confirm: '1'
file:
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  creator: gyalniz
  date_created: 2025-05-12T15:15:59Z
  date_updated: 2025-05-12T15:43:28Z
  description: '3D visualizations of the turbulent flow (left) and the periodic orbits
    (middle) that are being shadowed along with the local state space projections
    (right) onto the principal components of the respective periodic orbit. Shown
    here are the isosurfaces of velocity (red/blue: ±95% of the instantaneous maximum)
    and vorticity (purple/green: ±65% of the instantaneous maximum) in the x-direction.
    Markers along the projections are in sync with the 3D visualizations. The movie
    corresponds to the initial time interval (up to t = 100) of figure 2.2 (a,b);
    periodic orbits and the state space projections are shown only through the shadowing
    events indicated in figure 2.2 (b).'
  file_id: '19686'
  file_name: Movie 2A.1.mp4
  file_size: 37763743
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  title: Chapter 2 - Movie 2A.1
- access_level: open_access
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  content_type: video/mp4
  creator: gyalniz
  date_created: 2025-05-12T15:16:09Z
  date_updated: 2025-05-12T15:43:28Z
  description: 'Turbulent flow (left) in HKW domain and its symmetry reduction (right).
    Shown here are the isosurfaces of streamwise velocity (red/blue: u = 0.5 max/min
    u) and streamwise vorticity (green/purple: ω_x = 0.5 max/min ω_x).'
  file_id: '19687'
  file_name: Movie 3A.1.mp4
  file_size: 3902655
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  title: Chapter 3 - Movie 3A.1
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  creator: gyalniz
  date_created: 2025-05-12T15:16:21Z
  date_updated: 2025-05-12T15:43:28Z
  description: 'Turbulent flow (left) in P2K domain and its symmetry reduction (right).
    Shown here are the isosurfaces of streamwise velocity (red/blue: u = 0.5 max/min
    u) and streamwise vorticity (green/purple: ω_x = 0.5 max/min ω_x).'
  file_id: '19688'
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  creator: gyalniz
  date_created: 2025-05-12T15:16:36Z
  date_updated: 2025-05-12T15:43:28Z
  description: 'Relative periodic orbit RPO_79.4 (left) of the plane-Couette flow
    (HKW domain) and its symmetry reduction (right). Shown here are the isosurfaces
    of streamwise velocity (red/blue: u = 0.5 max/min u) and streamwise vorticity
    (green/purple: ω_x = 0.5 max/min ω_x).'
  file_id: '19689'
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  title: Chapter 3 - Movie 3A.3
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  creator: gyalniz
  date_created: 2025-05-12T15:16:50Z
  date_updated: 2025-05-12T15:43:28Z
  description: 'Symmetry-reduced flow (left), its SRDMD approximation (middle), and
    state space projection (right) showing the spiral-out episode in P2K domain (figure
    3.6 (b) and figure 3.8 (b)). Shown here are the isosurfaces of streamwise velocity
    (red/blue: u = 0.5 max/min u) and streamwise vorticity (green/purple: ω_x = 0.5
    max/min ω_x).'
  file_id: '19690'
  file_name: Movie 3A.4.mp4
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  title: Chapter 3 - Movie 3A.4
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 5ac58b86810698db28cbfc28f351ff70
  content_type: video/mp4
  creator: gyalniz
  date_created: 2025-05-12T15:17:11Z
  date_updated: 2025-05-12T15:43:28Z
  description: Movie demonstrating the quasi-steady Reynolds number descent from turbulence
    to a periodic orbit.
  file_id: '19691'
  file_name: Movie 4A.1.mp4
  file_size: 9209327
  relation: supplementary_material
  title: Chapter 4 - Movie 4A.1
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: ac877f1e1ef39439911bf37cb1793b8e
  content_type: video/mp4
  creator: gyalniz
  date_created: 2025-05-12T15:17:43Z
  date_updated: 2025-05-12T15:43:28Z
  description: Streamwise velocity fluctuations (from laminar) of plane-Couette flow
    (Re^C =335) at the y = 0 wall-normal plane in coordinates stationary with respect
    to the bulk velocity. Here, x is the streamwise direction (the wall at y = 1 moves
    to the right) and z is the spanwise direction. Time is in advectime time units.
    Shown is the full (L_x = L_z = 400) domain.
  file_id: '19692'
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  file_size: 5893993
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  title: Chapter 5 - Movie 5A.1
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  content_type: video/mp4
  creator: gyalniz
  date_created: 2025-05-12T15:17:49Z
  date_updated: 2025-05-12T15:43:28Z
  description: Streamwise velocity fluctuations (from laminar) of plane-Poiseuille
    flow (Re^P =660) at the y = 0.5 wall-normal plane in coordinates stationary with
    respect to the bulk velocity. Here, x is the streamwise direction (the mean negative
    pressure gradient is to the right) and z is the spanwise direction. Time is in
    advectime time units. Shown is the full (L_x = L_z = 400) domain.
  file_id: '19693'
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  file_size: 3990352
  relation: supplementary_material
  title: Chapter 5 - Movie 5A.2
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  content_type: video/mp4
  creator: gyalniz
  date_created: 2025-05-12T15:17:58Z
  date_updated: 2025-05-12T15:43:28Z
  description: Streamwise velocity fluctuations (from laminar) of plane-Poiseuille
    flow (Re^P=660) at the y = 0.5 wall-normal plane in coordinates stationary with
    respect to the average velocity of the downstream tip of the stripe. Here, x is
    the streamwise direction (the mean negative pressure gradient is to the right)
    and z is the spanwise direction. Time is in advectime time units. Shown is a zoom-in
    of the full (L_x = L_z) domain.
  file_id: '19694'
  file_name: Movie 5A.3.mp4
  file_size: 5171009
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  title: Chapter 5 - Movie 5A.3
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  date_created: 2025-05-12T15:27:10Z
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language:
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month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '155'
project:
- _id: 238598C6-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  grant_number: '662960'
  name: Revisiting the Turbulence Problem Using Statistical Mechanics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '9558'
    relation: part_of_dissertation
    status: public
  - id: '12105'
    relation: part_of_dissertation
    status: public
  - id: '13274'
    relation: part_of_dissertation
    status: public
  - id: '14466'
    relation: part_of_dissertation
    status: public
  - id: '7563'
    relation: part_of_dissertation
    status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Björn
  full_name: Hof, Björn
  id: 3A374330-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hof
  orcid: 0000-0003-2057-2754
title: 'Transition to turbulence: Data-, solution-, and pattern-driven approaches'
type: dissertation
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: free access
_id: '22774'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We consider the problem of certifying the feasibility of a (possibly degenerate)
    semidefinite programming problem represented by rational input data together with
    a numerical solution that is guaranteed to be sufficiently close to an exact solution
    of maximal rank. Our method constructs a polynomial system whose set of real solutions
    has an isolated point that satisfies the input program. An experimental comparison
    between the corresponding symbolic-numerical algorithm and the purely symbolic
    algorithm from [3, 5] shows that the hybrid algorithm is able to certify instances
    where the exact method fails.
acknowledgement: "This extended abstract is based on the paper [7], accepted for publication
  at SIAM\r\nJ. Opt. on April 22, 2025, to which we refer for technical details and
  complete proofs. This work has been\r\nsupported by the Doctoral Programme Vienna
  Graduate School on Computational Optimization (VGSCO)\r\nwhich was funded by FWF
  (Austrian Science Fund), project W 1260-N35, and partially supported by the\r\nANR
  JCJC project ANR-21-CE48-0006-01 “HYPERSPACE”.\r\n"
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Vladimir
  full_name: Kolmogorov, Vladimir
  id: 3D50B0BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kolmogorov
- first_name: Simone
  full_name: Naldi, Simone
  last_name: Naldi
- first_name: Jeferson
  full_name: Zapata, Jeferson
  id: 00223538-AF8F-11E9-A4C7-F729E6697425
  last_name: Zapata
citation:
  ama: Kolmogorov V, Naldi S, Zapata J. Certifying solutions of degenerate semidefinite
    programs. <i>ACM Communications in Computer Algebra</i>. 2025;59(4):147-152. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3832046.3832063">10.1145/3832046.3832063</a>
  apa: Kolmogorov, V., Naldi, S., &#38; Zapata, J. (2025). Certifying solutions of
    degenerate semidefinite programs. <i>ACM Communications in Computer Algebra</i>.
    ACM. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3832046.3832063">https://doi.org/10.1145/3832046.3832063</a>
  chicago: Kolmogorov, Vladimir, Simone Naldi, and Jeferson Zapata. “Certifying Solutions
    of Degenerate Semidefinite Programs.” <i>ACM Communications in Computer Algebra</i>.
    ACM, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3832046.3832063">https://doi.org/10.1145/3832046.3832063</a>.
  ieee: V. Kolmogorov, S. Naldi, and J. Zapata, “Certifying solutions of degenerate
    semidefinite programs,” <i>ACM Communications in Computer Algebra</i>, vol. 59,
    no. 4. ACM, pp. 147–152, 2025.
  ista: Kolmogorov V, Naldi S, Zapata J. 2025. Certifying solutions of degenerate
    semidefinite programs. ACM Communications in Computer Algebra. 59(4), 147–152.
  mla: Kolmogorov, Vladimir, et al. “Certifying Solutions of Degenerate Semidefinite
    Programs.” <i>ACM Communications in Computer Algebra</i>, vol. 59, no. 4, ACM,
    2025, pp. 147–52, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3832046.3832063">10.1145/3832046.3832063</a>.
  short: V. Kolmogorov, S. Naldi, J. Zapata, ACM Communications in Computer Algebra
    59 (2025) 147–152.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-08-30T22:01:44Z
date_published: 2025-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-09T08:17:05Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: VlKo
doi: 10.1145/3832046.3832063
external_id:
  unknown:
  - '2405.13625'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1145/3832046.3832063
intvolume: '        59'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1145/3832046.3832063
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 147-152
project:
- _id: 9B9290DE-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  grant_number: W1260-N35
  name: Vienna Graduate School on Computational Optimization
publication: ACM Communications in Computer Algebra
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1932-2240
  issn:
  - 1932-2232
publication_status: published
publisher: ACM
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Certifying solutions of degenerate semidefinite programs
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 59
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '22826'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated the ability to tackle increasingly
    complex tasks through advanced reasoning, long-form content generation,\r\nand
    tool use. Solving these tasks often involves long inference-time computations.\r\nIn
    human problem solving, a common strategy to expedite work is collaboration: by\r\ndividing
    the problem into sub-tasks, exploring different strategies concurrently, etc.\r\nRecent
    research has shown that LLMs can also operate in parallel by implementing\r\nexplicit
    cooperation frameworks, such as voting mechanisms or the explicit creation of
    independent sub-tasks that can be executed in parallel. However, each of\r\nthese
    frameworks may not be suitable for all types of tasks, which can hinder their\r\napplicability.
    In this work, we propose a different design approach: we run LLM\r\n“workers”
    in parallel , allowing them to synchronize via a concurrently-updated\r\nattention
    cache and prompt these workers to decide how best to collaborate. Our\r\napproach
    allows the LLM instances to come up with their own collaboration strategy for
    the problem at hand, all the while “seeing” each other’s memory in the\r\nconcurrent
    KV cache. We implement this approach via Hogwild! Inference: a\r\nparallel LLM
    inference engine where multiple instances of the same LLM run in\r\nparallel with
    the same attention cache, with “instant” access to each other’s memory.1 Hogwild!
    Inference takes advantage of Rotary Position Embeddings (RoPE)\r\nto avoid recomputation
    while improving parallel hardware utilization. We find that\r\nmodern reasoning-capable
    LLMs can perform inference with shared Key-Value\r\ncache out of the box, without
    additional fine-tuning."
acknowledgement: "We thank Vladimir Malinovskii for his help with brainstorming, helpful\r\nfeedback
  and suggesting future work directions. We also thank Philip Zmushko for proofreading."
alternative_title:
- Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Gleb
  full_name: Rodionov, Gleb
  last_name: Rodionov
- first_name: Roman
  full_name: Garipov, Roman
  last_name: Garipov
- first_name: Alina
  full_name: Shutova, Alina
  last_name: Shutova
- first_name: George
  full_name: Yakushev, George
  last_name: Yakushev
- first_name: Erik
  full_name: Schultheis, Erik
  id: 2786b299-e6b0-11f0-91da-9243fe3ef96b
  last_name: Schultheis
- first_name: Vage
  full_name: Egiazarian, Vage
  id: 77451e76-92b2-11ef-a4d1-8dbaa06e16ad
  last_name: Egiazarian
- first_name: Anton
  full_name: Sinitsin, Anton
  last_name: Sinitsin
- first_name: Denis
  full_name: Kuznedelev, Denis
  last_name: Kuznedelev
- first_name: Dan-Adrian
  full_name: Alistarh, Dan-Adrian
  id: 4A899BFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Alistarh
  orcid: 0000-0003-3650-940X
citation:
  ama: 'Rodionov G, Garipov R, Shutova A, et al. Hogwild! Inference: Parallel LLM
    generation via concurrent attention. In: <i>39th Conference on Neural Information
    Processing Systems</i>. Vol 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation;
    2025:52014-52055. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1551">10.52202/085713-1551</a>'
  apa: 'Rodionov, G., Garipov, R., Shutova, A., Yakushev, G., Schultheis, E., Egiazarian,
    V., … Alistarh, D.-A. (2025). Hogwild! Inference: Parallel LLM generation via
    concurrent attention. In <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>
    (Vol. 38, pp. 52014–52055). San Diego, CA, United States: Neural Information Processing
    Systems Foundation. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1551">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1551</a>'
  chicago: 'Rodionov, Gleb, Roman Garipov, Alina Shutova, George Yakushev, Erik Schultheis,
    Vage Egiazarian, Anton Sinitsin, Denis Kuznedelev, and Dan-Adrian Alistarh. “Hogwild!
    Inference: Parallel LLM Generation via Concurrent Attention.” In <i>39th Conference
    on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, 38:52014–55. Neural Information
    Processing Systems Foundation, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1551">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1551</a>.'
  ieee: 'G. Rodionov <i>et al.</i>, “Hogwild! Inference: Parallel LLM generation via
    concurrent attention,” in <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing
    Systems</i>, San Diego, CA, United States, 2025, vol. 38, pp. 52014–52055.'
  ista: 'Rodionov G, Garipov R, Shutova A, Yakushev G, Schultheis E, Egiazarian V,
    Sinitsin A, Kuznedelev D, Alistarh D-A. 2025. Hogwild! Inference: Parallel LLM
    generation via concurrent attention. 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing
    Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information
    Processing Systems, vol. 38, 52014–52055.'
  mla: 'Rodionov, Gleb, et al. “Hogwild! Inference: Parallel LLM Generation via Concurrent
    Attention.” <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, vol.
    38, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 52014–55, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1551">10.52202/085713-1551</a>.'
  short: G. Rodionov, R. Garipov, A. Shutova, G. Yakushev, E. Schultheis, V. Egiazarian,
    A. Sinitsin, D. Kuznedelev, D.-A. Alistarh, in:, 39th Conference on Neural Information
    Processing Systems, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp.
    52014–52055.
conference:
  end_date: 2025-12-07
  location: San Diego, CA, United States
  name: 'NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems'
  start_date: 2025-12-02
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-06T22:01:59Z
date_published: 2025-12-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-10T07:06:31Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: DaAl
doi: 10.52202/085713-1551
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1551
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        38'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1551
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 52014-52055
publication: 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9798331338275'
  issn:
  - 1049-5258
publication_status: published
publisher: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: 'Hogwild! Inference: Parallel LLM generation via concurrent attention'
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 38
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: free access
_id: '22825'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "The empirical emergence of neural collapse—a surprising symmetry in the feature
    representations of the training data in the penultimate layer of deep neural\r\nnetworks—has
    spurred a line of theoretical research aimed at its understanding.\r\nHowever,
    existing work focuses on data-agnostic models or, when data structure is\r\ntaken
    into account, it remains limited to multi-layer perceptrons. Our paper fills\r\nboth
    these gaps by analyzing modern architectures in a data-aware regime: we\r\nprove
    that global optima of deep regularized transformers and residual networks\r\n(ResNets)
    with LayerNorm trained with cross entropy or mean squared error loss\r\nare approximately
    collapsed, and the approximation gets tighter as the depth grows.\r\nMore generally,
    we formally reduce any end-to-end large-depth ResNet or transformer training into
    an equivalent unconstrained features model, thus justifying its\r\nwide use in
    the literature even beyond data-agnostic settings. Our theoretical results\r\nare
    supported by experiments on computer vision and language datasets showing\r\nthat,
    as the depth grows, neural collapse indeed becomes more prominent."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: ScienComp
acknowledgement: "M. M. and P. S. are funded by the European Union (ERC, INF2\r\n,
  project number 101161364). Views\r\nand opinions expressed are however those of
  the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those\r\nof the European Union
  or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European\r\nUnion
  nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. This research was supported\r\nby
  the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of ISTA through resources provided by Scientific
  Computing (SciComp)."
alternative_title:
- Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Súkeník, Peter
  id: d64d6a8d-eb8e-11eb-b029-96fd216dec3c
  last_name: Súkeník
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Lampert, Christoph
  id: 40C20FD2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Lampert
  orcid: 0000-0001-8622-7887
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Mondelli, Marco
  id: 27EB676C-8706-11E9-9510-7717E6697425
  last_name: Mondelli
  orcid: 0000-0002-3242-7020
citation:
  ama: 'Súkeník P, Lampert C, Mondelli M. Neural collapse is globally optimal in deep
    regularized ResNets and transformers. In: <i>39th Conference on Neural Information
    Processing Systems</i>. Vol 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation;
    2025:48646-48677. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1450">10.52202/085713-1450</a>'
  apa: 'Súkeník, P., Lampert, C., &#38; Mondelli, M. (2025). Neural collapse is globally
    optimal in deep regularized ResNets and transformers. In <i>39th Conference on
    Neural Information Processing Systems</i> (Vol. 38, pp. 48646–48677). San Diego,
    CA, United States: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1450">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1450</a>'
  chicago: Súkeník, Peter, Christoph Lampert, and Marco Mondelli. “Neural Collapse
    Is Globally Optimal in Deep Regularized ResNets and Transformers.” In <i>39th
    Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, 38:48646–77. Neural Information
    Processing Systems Foundation, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1450">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1450</a>.
  ieee: P. Súkeník, C. Lampert, and M. Mondelli, “Neural collapse is globally optimal
    in deep regularized ResNets and transformers,” in <i>39th Conference on Neural
    Information Processing Systems</i>, San Diego, CA, United States, 2025, vol. 38,
    pp. 48646–48677.
  ista: 'Súkeník P, Lampert C, Mondelli M. 2025. Neural collapse is globally optimal
    in deep regularized ResNets and transformers. 39th Conference on Neural Information
    Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems, Advances in
    Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 38, 48646–48677.'
  mla: Súkeník, Peter, et al. “Neural Collapse Is Globally Optimal in Deep Regularized
    ResNets and Transformers.” <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing
    Systems</i>, vol. 38, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025,
    pp. 48646–77, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1450">10.52202/085713-1450</a>.
  short: P. Súkeník, C. Lampert, M. Mondelli, in:, 39th Conference on Neural Information
    Processing Systems, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp.
    48646–48677.
conference:
  end_date: 2025-12-07
  location: San Diego, CA, United States
  name: 'NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems'
  start_date: 2025-12-02
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-06T22:01:59Z
date_published: 2025-12-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-10T08:11:46Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: MaMo
- _id: GradSch
- _id: ChLa
doi: 10.52202/085713-1450
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2505.15239'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1450
intvolume: '        38'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1450
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 48646-48677
project:
- _id: 911e6d1f-16d5-11f0-9cad-c5c68c6a1cdf
  grant_number: '101161364'
  name: 'Inference in High Dimensions: Light-speed Algorithms and Information Limits'
publication: 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9798331338275'
  issn:
  - 1049-5258
publication_status: published
publisher: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: no
title: Neural collapse is globally optimal in deep regularized ResNets and transformers
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 38
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: free access
_id: '22824'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "We present new fast-rate PAC-Bayesian generalization bounds for multi-task
    and\r\nmeta-learning in the unbalanced setting, i.e. when the tasks have training
    sets of\r\ndifferent sizes, as is typically the case in real-world scenarios.
    Previously, only\r\nstandard-rate bounds were known for this situation, while
    fast-rate bounds were\r\nlimited to the setting where all training sets are of
    equal size. Our new bounds\r\nare numerically computable as well as interpretable,
    and we demonstrate their\r\nflexibility in handling a number of cases where they
    give stronger guarantees\r\nthan previous bounds. Besides the bounds themselves,
    we also make conceptual\r\ncontributions: we demonstrate that the unbalanced multi-task
    setting has different\r\nstatistical properties than the balanced situation, specifically
    that proofs from\r\nthe balanced situation do not carry over to the unbalanced
    setting. Additionally,\r\nwe shed light on the fact that the unbalanced situation
    allows two meaningful\r\ndefinitions of multi-task risk, depending on whether
    all tasks should be considered\r\nequally important or if sample-rich tasks should
    receive more weight than samplepoor ones."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: ScienComp
acknowledgement: This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU)
  of ISTA through resources provided by Scientific Computing (SciComp).
alternative_title:
- Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Hossein
  full_name: Zakerinia, Hossein
  id: 653bd8b6-f394-11eb-9cf6-c0bbf6cd78d4
  last_name: Zakerinia
  orcid: 0009-0007-3977-6462
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Lampert, Christoph
  id: 40C20FD2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Lampert
  orcid: 0000-0001-8622-7887
citation:
  ama: 'Zakerinia H, Lampert C. Fast rate bounds for multi-task and meta-learning
    with different sample sizes. In: <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing
    Systems</i>. Vol 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation; 2025:9062-9093.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-0278">10.52202/085713-0278</a>'
  apa: 'Zakerinia, H., &#38; Lampert, C. (2025). Fast rate bounds for multi-task and
    meta-learning with different sample sizes. In <i>39th Conference on Neural Information
    Processing Systems</i> (Vol. 38, pp. 9062–9093). San Diego, CA, United States:
    Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-0278">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-0278</a>'
  chicago: Zakerinia, Hossein, and Christoph Lampert. “Fast Rate Bounds for Multi-Task
    and Meta-Learning with Different Sample Sizes.” In <i>39th Conference on Neural
    Information Processing Systems</i>, 38:9062–93. Neural Information Processing
    Systems Foundation, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-0278">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-0278</a>.
  ieee: H. Zakerinia and C. Lampert, “Fast rate bounds for multi-task and meta-learning
    with different sample sizes,” in <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing
    Systems</i>, San Diego, CA, United States, 2025, vol. 38, pp. 9062–9093.
  ista: 'Zakerinia H, Lampert C. 2025. Fast rate bounds for multi-task and meta-learning
    with different sample sizes. 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing
    Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information
    Processing Systems, vol. 38, 9062–9093.'
  mla: Zakerinia, Hossein, and Christoph Lampert. “Fast Rate Bounds for Multi-Task
    and Meta-Learning with Different Sample Sizes.” <i>39th Conference on Neural Information
    Processing Systems</i>, vol. 38, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation,
    2025, pp. 9062–93, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-0278">10.52202/085713-0278</a>.
  short: H. Zakerinia, C. Lampert, in:, 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing
    Systems, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 9062–9093.
conference:
  end_date: 2025-12-07
  location: San Diego, CA, United States
  name: 'NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems'
  start_date: 2025-12-02
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-06T22:01:59Z
date_published: 2025-12-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-10T08:37:33Z
day: '02'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: ChLa
doi: 10.52202/085713-0278
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-0278
intvolume: '        38'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-0278
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 9062-9093
publication: 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9798331338275'
  issn:
  - 1049-5258
publication_status: published
publisher: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Fast rate bounds for multi-task and meta-learning with different sample sizes
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 38
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: free access
_id: '22830'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "We introduce AutoJudge, a method that accelerates large language model (LLM)
    inference with task-specific lossy speculative decoding. Instead of matching the
    original model output distribution token-by-token, we identify the generated tokens
    that affect the downstream quality of the response, relaxing the distribution
    match guarantee so that the \"unimportant\" tokens can be generated faster. Our
    approach relies on a semi‑greedy search algorithm to test which of the mismatches
    between target and draft models should be corrected to preserve quality and which
    ones may be skipped. We then train a lightweight classifier based on existing
    LLM embeddings to predict, at inference time, which mismatching tokens can be
    safely accepted without compromising the final answer quality. We evaluate AutoJudge
    with multiple draft/target model pairs on mathematical reasoning and programming
    benchmarks, achieving significant speedups at the cost of a minor accuracy reduction.
    Notably, on GSM8K with the Llama 3.1 70B target model, our approach achieves up
    to \r\n≈\r\n2\r\n×\r\n speedup \\textit{over speculative decoding} at the cost
    of a \r\n≤\r\n1\r\n%\r\n drop in accuracy. When applied to the LiveCodeBench benchmark,
    AutoJudge automatically detects programming-specific important tokens, accepting
    \r\n≥\r\n25\r\n tokens per speculation cycle at a\r\n \r\n2\r\n%\r\n drop in Pass@1.
    Our approach requires no human annotation and is easy to integrate with modern
    LLM inference frameworks."
acknowledgement: "We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Denis Mazur for
  his valuable contributions to the\r\nimplementation of API calls used in Algorithm
  1 and for supporting inference with the Llama 405B\r\nmodel. We are also thankful
  for his positive influence on the overall atmosphere and team morale\r\nthroughout
  the course of this project."
alternative_title:
- Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Roman
  full_name: Garipov, Roman
  last_name: Garipov
- first_name: Fedor
  full_name: Velikonivtsev, Fedor
  last_name: Velikonivtsev
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Ermakov, Ivan
  last_name: Ermakov
- first_name: Ruslan
  full_name: Svirschevski, Ruslan
  last_name: Svirschevski
- first_name: Vage
  full_name: Egiazarian, Vage
  id: 77451e76-92b2-11ef-a4d1-8dbaa06e16ad
  last_name: Egiazarian
- first_name: Max
  full_name: Ryabinin, Max
  last_name: Ryabinin
citation:
  ama: 'Garipov R, Velikonivtsev F, Ermakov I, Svirschevski R, Egiazarian V, Ryabinin
    M. AutoJudge: Judge decoding without manual annotation. In: <i>39th Annual Conference
    on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>. Vol 38. Neural Information Processing
    Systems Foundation; 2025:104904-104941. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3163">10.52202/085713-3163</a>'
  apa: 'Garipov, R., Velikonivtsev, F., Ermakov, I., Svirschevski, R., Egiazarian,
    V., &#38; Ryabinin, M. (2025). AutoJudge: Judge decoding without manual annotation.
    In <i>39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i> (Vol.
    38, pp. 104904–104941). San Diego, CA, United States: Neural Information Processing
    Systems Foundation. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3163">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3163</a>'
  chicago: 'Garipov, Roman, Fedor Velikonivtsev, Ivan Ermakov, Ruslan Svirschevski,
    Vage Egiazarian, and Max Ryabinin. “AutoJudge: Judge Decoding without Manual Annotation.”
    In <i>39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, 38:104904–41.
    Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3163">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3163</a>.'
  ieee: 'R. Garipov, F. Velikonivtsev, I. Ermakov, R. Svirschevski, V. Egiazarian,
    and M. Ryabinin, “AutoJudge: Judge decoding without manual annotation,” in <i>39th
    Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, San Diego, CA,
    United States, 2025, vol. 38, pp. 104904–104941.'
  ista: 'Garipov R, Velikonivtsev F, Ermakov I, Svirschevski R, Egiazarian V, Ryabinin
    M. 2025. AutoJudge: Judge decoding without manual annotation. 39th Annual Conference
    on Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing
    Systems, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 38, 104904–104941.'
  mla: 'Garipov, Roman, et al. “AutoJudge: Judge Decoding without Manual Annotation.”
    <i>39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, vol. 38,
    Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 104904–41, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3163">10.52202/085713-3163</a>.'
  short: R. Garipov, F. Velikonivtsev, I. Ermakov, R. Svirschevski, V. Egiazarian,
    M. Ryabinin, in:, 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems,
    Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 104904–104941.
conference:
  end_date: 2025-12-07
  location: San Diego, CA, United States
  name: 'NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems'
  start_date: 2025-12-02
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-06T22:02:00Z
date_published: 2025-12-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-10T11:08:33Z
day: '02'
department:
- _id: DaAl
doi: 10.52202/085713-3163
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2504.20039'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3163
intvolume: '        38'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3163
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 104904-104941
publication: 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9798331338275'
  issn:
  - 1049-5258
publication_status: published
publisher: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: 'AutoJudge: Judge decoding without manual annotation'
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 38
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '19595'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We investigate the locality of magnetic response in polycyclic aromatic molecules
    using a novel deep-learning approach. Our method employs graph neural networks
    (GNNs) with a graph-of-rings representation to predict nucleus independent chemical
    shifts (NICS) in the space around the molecule. We train a series of models, each
    time reducing the size of the largest molecules used in training. The accuracy
    of prediction remains high (MAE < 0.5 ppm), even when training the model only
    on molecules with up to four rings, thus providing strong evidence for the locality
    of magnetic response. To overcome the known problem of generalization of GNNs,
    we implement a k-hop expansion strategy and succeed in achieving accurate predictions
    for molecules with up to 15 rings (almost 4 times the size of the largest training
    example). Our findings have implications for understanding the magnetic response
    in complex molecules and demonstrate a promising approach to overcoming GNN scalability
    limitations. Furthermore, the trained models enable rapid characterization, without
    the need for more expensive DFT calculations.
acknowledgement: The authors express their gratitude to Professor Dr. Peter Chen for
  his continued support. The authors acknowledge the Branco Weiss Fellowship for supporting
  this research as part of a Society in Science grant and the Israel Science Foundation
  for financial support (Grant No. 1745/23 to R.G.-P.). R.G.-P. is a Branco Weiss
  Fellow, a Horev Fellow, and an Alon Scholarship recipient. A.M.B. was supported
  by the ERC StG EARS and the Israeli Science Foundation.
article_number: '144101'
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Yair
  full_name: Davidson, Yair
  last_name: Davidson
- first_name: Aviad
  full_name: Philipp, Aviad
  last_name: Philipp
- first_name: Sabyasachi
  full_name: Chakraborty, Sabyasachi
  last_name: Chakraborty
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bronstein, Alexander
  id: 58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6
  last_name: Bronstein
  orcid: 0000-0001-9699-8730
- first_name: Renana
  full_name: Gershoni-Poranne, Renana
  last_name: Gershoni-Poranne
citation:
  ama: Davidson Y, Philipp A, Chakraborty S, Bronstein AM, Gershoni-Poranne R. How
    local is “local”? Deep learning reveals locality of the induced magnetic field
    of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. <i>Journal of Chemical Physics</i>. 2025;162(14).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0257558">10.1063/5.0257558</a>
  apa: Davidson, Y., Philipp, A., Chakraborty, S., Bronstein, A. M., &#38; Gershoni-Poranne,
    R. (2025). How local is “local”? Deep learning reveals locality of the induced
    magnetic field of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. <i>Journal of Chemical Physics</i>.
    AIP Publishing. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0257558">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0257558</a>
  chicago: Davidson, Yair, Aviad Philipp, Sabyasachi Chakraborty, Alex M. Bronstein,
    and Renana Gershoni-Poranne. “How Local Is ‘Local’? Deep Learning Reveals Locality
    of the Induced Magnetic Field of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.” <i>Journal
    of Chemical Physics</i>. AIP Publishing, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0257558">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0257558</a>.
  ieee: Y. Davidson, A. Philipp, S. Chakraborty, A. M. Bronstein, and R. Gershoni-Poranne,
    “How local is ‘local’? Deep learning reveals locality of the induced magnetic
    field of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,” <i>Journal of Chemical Physics</i>,
    vol. 162, no. 14. AIP Publishing, 2025.
  ista: Davidson Y, Philipp A, Chakraborty S, Bronstein AM, Gershoni-Poranne R. 2025.
    How local is “local”? Deep learning reveals locality of the induced magnetic field
    of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Journal of Chemical Physics. 162(14), 144101.
  mla: Davidson, Yair, et al. “How Local Is ‘Local’? Deep Learning Reveals Locality
    of the Induced Magnetic Field of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.” <i>Journal
    of Chemical Physics</i>, vol. 162, no. 14, 144101, AIP Publishing, 2025, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0257558">10.1063/5.0257558</a>.
  short: Y. Davidson, A. Philipp, S. Chakraborty, A.M. Bronstein, R. Gershoni-Poranne,
    Journal of Chemical Physics 162 (2025).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-04-20T22:01:28Z
date_published: 2025-04-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-14T07:44:59Z
day: '14'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: AlBr
doi: 10.1063/5.0257558
external_id:
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  - '001466311300030'
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  - '40197568'
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isi: 1
issue: '14'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 1b39bd8c-ab3c-11f0-a172-a4c5bf64093b
  grant_number: '863839'
  name: Acoustics-based drone navigation and interaction
publication: Journal of Chemical Physics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1089-7690
  issn:
  - 0021-9606
publication_status: published
publisher: AIP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: software
    url: https://gitlab.com/porannegroup/magnetic_locality
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: How local is “local”? Deep learning reveals locality of the induced magnetic
  field of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
tmp:
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  short: CC BY-NC (4.0)
type: journal_article
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volume: 162
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '17468'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Oxygen redox chemistry is central to life1 and many human-made technologies,
    such as in energy storage2,3,4. The large energy gain from oxygen redox reactions
    is often connected with the occurrence of harmful reactive oxygen species3,5,6.
    Key species are superoxide and the highly reactive singlet oxygen3,4,5,6,7, which
    may evolve from superoxide. However, the factors determining the formation of
    singlet oxygen, rather than the relatively unreactive triplet oxygen, are unknown.
    Here we report that the release of triplet or singlet oxygen is governed by individual
    Marcus normal and inverted region behaviour. We found that as the driving force
    for the reaction increases, the initially dominant evolution of triplet oxygen
    slows down, and singlet oxygen evolution becomes predominant with higher maximum
    kinetics. This behaviour also applies to the widely observed superoxide disproportionation,
    in which one superoxide is oxidized by another, in both non-aqueous and aqueous
    systems, with Lewis and Brønsted acidity controlling the driving forces. Singlet
    oxygen yields governed by these conditions are relevant, for example, in batteries
    or cellular organelles in which superoxide forms. Our findings suggest ways to
    understand and control spin states and kinetics in oxygen redox chemistry, with
    implications for fields, including life sciences, pure chemistry and energy storage.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: ScienComp
acknowledgement: S.A.F. thanks the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA)
  for the support. The Scientific Service Units of ISTA supported this research through
  resources provided by the Imaging and Optics Facility, the Lab Support Facility,
  the Miba Machine Shop and Scientific Computing. This research was partly funded
  by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (10.55776/P37169 and 10.55776/COE5). For open
  access purposes, the author has applied for a CC BY public copyright licence to
  any author-accepted manuscript version arising from this submission. R.H. acknowledges
  funding through CZI grant DAF2020-225401 (10.37921/120055ratwvi) from the Chan Zuckerberg
  Initiative DAF, an advised fund of Silicon Valley Community Foundation (10.13039/100014989).
  H.T.K.N. acknowledges funding by the European Commission Erasmus Mundus Joint Masters
  programme. We thank M. Sixt and M. Chinon for the discussions about O-redox in life
  and R. Jethwa for proofreading. Open access funding was provided by ISTA.
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Soumyadip
  full_name: Mondal, Soumyadip
  id: d25d21ef-dc8d-11ea-abe3-ec4576307f48
  last_name: Mondal
- first_name: Huyen T.K.
  full_name: Nguyen, Huyen T.K.
  last_name: Nguyen
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Hauschild, Robert
  id: 4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hauschild
  orcid: 0000-0001-9843-3522
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
citation:
  ama: Mondal S, Nguyen HTK, Hauschild R, Freunberger SA. Marcus kinetics control
    singlet and triplet oxygen evolving from superoxide. <i>Nature</i>. 2025;646(8085):601–605.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7">10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7</a>
  apa: Mondal, S., Nguyen, H. T. K., Hauschild, R., &#38; Freunberger, S. A. (2025).
    Marcus kinetics control singlet and triplet oxygen evolving from superoxide. <i>Nature</i>.
    Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7</a>
  chicago: Mondal, Soumyadip, Huyen T.K. Nguyen, Robert Hauschild, and Stefan Alexander
    Freunberger. “Marcus Kinetics Control Singlet and Triplet Oxygen Evolving from
    Superoxide.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7</a>.
  ieee: S. Mondal, H. T. K. Nguyen, R. Hauschild, and S. A. Freunberger, “Marcus kinetics
    control singlet and triplet oxygen evolving from superoxide,” <i>Nature</i>, vol.
    646, no. 8085. Springer Nature, pp. 601–605, 2025.
  ista: Mondal S, Nguyen HTK, Hauschild R, Freunberger SA. 2025. Marcus kinetics control
    singlet and triplet oxygen evolving from superoxide. Nature. 646(8085), 601–605.
  mla: Mondal, Soumyadip, et al. “Marcus Kinetics Control Singlet and Triplet Oxygen
    Evolving from Superoxide.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 646, no. 8085, Springer Nature,
    2025, pp. 601–605, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7">10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7</a>.
  short: S. Mondal, H.T.K. Nguyen, R. Hauschild, S.A. Freunberger, Nature 646 (2025)
    601–605.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2024-08-29T10:40:23Z
date_published: 2025-10-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-16T06:53:54Z
day: '16'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: StFr
- _id: Bio
doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001586378900001'
  pmid:
  - '41044415'
file:
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  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2025-10-20T10:26:13Z
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  file_size: 3809247
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-10-20T10:26:13Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       646'
isi: 1
issue: '8085'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 601–605
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 8df062be-16d5-11f0-9cad-f559b6612c7e
  grant_number: P37169
  name: Singlet oxygen in non-aqueous oxygen redox chemistry
- _id: c08e9ad1-5a5b-11eb-8a69-9d1cf3b07473
  grant_number: CZI01
  name: Tools for automation and feedback microscopy
- _id: 5eaf4378-b033-11f1-b276-f928018a46c1
  grant_number: COE05
  name: Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (Freunberger)
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1476-4687
  issn:
  - 0028-0836
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - description: News on ISTA website
    relation: press_release
    url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/taming-the-bad-oxygen/
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Marcus kinetics control singlet and triplet oxygen evolving from superoxide
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 646
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '19743'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The possibility of errors in human-engineered formal verification software,
    such as model checkers, poses a serious threat to the purpose of these tools.
    An established approach to mitigate this problem are certificates—lightweight,
    easy-to-check proofs of the verification results. In this paper, we develop novel
    certificates for model checking of Markov decision processes (MDPs) with quantitative
    reachability and expected reward properties. Our approach is conceptually simple
    and relies almost exclusively on elementary fixed point theory. Our certificates
    work for arbitrary finite MDPs and can be readily computed with little overhead
    using standard algorithms. We formalize the soundness of our certificates in Isabelle/HOL
    and provide a formally verified certificate checker. Moreover, we augment existing
    algorithms in the probabilistic model checker Storm with the ability to produce
    certificates and demonstrate practical applicability by conducting the first formal
    certification of the reference results in the Quantitative Verification Benchmark
    Set.
acknowledgement: This project has received funding from the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt),
  the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE12, a KI-Starter grant from the Ministerium
  für Kultur und Wissenschaft NRW, the DFG RTG 378803395 (ConVeY), the EU’s Horizon
  2020 research and innovation programmes under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement
  Nos. 101034413 (IST-BRIDGE) and 101008233 (MISSION), and the DFG RTG 2236 (UnRAVeL).
  Experiments were performed with computing resources granted by RWTH Aachen University
  under project rwth1632.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Krishnendu
  full_name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu
  id: 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Chatterjee
  orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X
- first_name: Tim
  full_name: Quatmann, Tim
  last_name: Quatmann
- first_name: Maximilian
  full_name: Schäffeler, Maximilian
  last_name: Schäffeler
- first_name: Maximilian
  full_name: Weininger, Maximilian
  id: 02ab0197-cc70-11ed-ab61-918e71f56881
  last_name: Weininger
  orcid: 0000-0002-0163-2152
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Winkler, Tobias
  last_name: Winkler
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Zilken, Daniel
  id: d8ebc24a-3f98-11f0-9044-8296d4f39ab3
  last_name: Zilken
citation:
  ama: 'Chatterjee K, Quatmann T, Schäffeler M, Weininger M, Winkler T, Zilken D.
    Fixed point certificates for reachability and expected rewards in MDPs. In: <i>31st
    International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis
    of Systems</i>. Vol 15697. Springer Nature; 2025:130-151. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_7">10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_7</a>'
  apa: 'Chatterjee, K., Quatmann, T., Schäffeler, M., Weininger, M., Winkler, T.,
    &#38; Zilken, D. (2025). Fixed point certificates for reachability and expected
    rewards in MDPs. In <i>31st International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for
    the Construction and Analysis of Systems</i> (Vol. 15697, pp. 130–151). Hamilton,
    ON, Canada: Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_7">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_7</a>'
  chicago: Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Tim Quatmann, Maximilian Schäffeler, Maximilian
    Weininger, Tobias Winkler, and Daniel Zilken. “Fixed Point Certificates for Reachability
    and Expected Rewards in MDPs.” In <i>31st International Conference on Tools and
    Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems</i>, 15697:130–51. Springer
    Nature, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_7">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_7</a>.
  ieee: K. Chatterjee, T. Quatmann, M. Schäffeler, M. Weininger, T. Winkler, and D.
    Zilken, “Fixed point certificates for reachability and expected rewards in MDPs,”
    in <i>31st International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction
    and Analysis of Systems</i>, Hamilton, ON, Canada, 2025, vol. 15697, pp. 130–151.
  ista: 'Chatterjee K, Quatmann T, Schäffeler M, Weininger M, Winkler T, Zilken D.
    2025. Fixed point certificates for reachability and expected rewards in MDPs.
    31st International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and
    Analysis of Systems. TACAS: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis
    of Systems, LNCS, vol. 15697, 130–151.'
  mla: Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “Fixed Point Certificates for Reachability and
    Expected Rewards in MDPs.” <i>31st International Conference on Tools and Algorithms
    for the Construction and Analysis of Systems</i>, vol. 15697, Springer Nature,
    2025, pp. 130–51, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_7">10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_7</a>.
  short: K. Chatterjee, T. Quatmann, M. Schäffeler, M. Weininger, T. Winkler, D. Zilken,
    in:, 31st International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction
    and Analysis of Systems, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 130–151.
conference:
  end_date: 2025-05-08
  location: Hamilton, ON, Canada
  name: 'TACAS: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems'
  start_date: 2025-05-03
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-05-25T22:17:09Z
date_published: 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-16T06:57:17Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: KrCh
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_7
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2501.11467'
file:
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  date_created: 2025-06-02T10:49:52Z
  date_updated: 2025-06-02T10:49:52Z
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  file_size: 732136
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-06-02T10:49:52Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_7
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '     15697'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 130-151
project:
- _id: 0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '863818'
  name: 'Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications'
- _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '101034413'
  name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program'
- _id: 4029cfc7-b034-11f1-9e55-88ab2ff3b6ee
  grant_number: COE12
  name: Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Chatterjee)
publication: 31st International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction
  and Analysis of Systems
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1611-3349
  isbn:
  - '9783031906527'
  issn:
  - 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
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    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Fixed point certificates for reachability and expected rewards in MDPs
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 15697
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '19740'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Two standard models for probabilistic systems are Markov chains (MCs) and
    Markov decision processes (MDPs). Classic objectives for such probabilistic models
    for control and planning problems are reachability and stochastic shortest path.
    The widely studied algorithmic approach for these problems is the Value Iteration
    (VI) algorithm which iteratively applies local updates called Bellman updates.
    There are many practical approaches for VI in the literature but they all require
    exponentially many Bellman updates for MCs in the worst case. A preprocessing
    step is an algorithm that is discrete, graph-theoretical, and requires linear
    space. An important open question is whether, after a polynomial-time preprocessing,
    VI can be achieved with sub-exponentially many Bellman updates. In this work,
    we present a new approach for VI based on guessing values. Our theoretical contributions
    are twofold. First, for MCs, we present an almost-linear-time preprocessing algorithm
    after which, along with guessing values, VI requires only subexponentially many
    Bellman updates. Second, we present an improved analysis of the speed of convergence
    of VI for MDPs. Finally, we present a practical algorithm for MDPs based on our
    new approach. Experimental results show that our approach provides a considerable
    improvement over existing VI-based approaches on several benchmark examples from
    the literature.
acknowledgement: This research was partially supported by the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt)
  grant and Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE12 grant.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Krishnendu
  full_name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu
  id: 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Chatterjee
  orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X
- first_name: Mahdi
  full_name: Jafariraviz, Mahdi
  last_name: Jafariraviz
- first_name: Raimundo J
  full_name: Saona Urmeneta, Raimundo J
  id: BD1DF4C4-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Saona Urmeneta
  orcid: 0000-0001-5103-038X
- first_name: Jakub
  full_name: Svoboda, Jakub
  id: 130759D2-D7DD-11E9-87D2-DE0DE6697425
  last_name: Svoboda
  orcid: 0000-0002-1419-3267
citation:
  ama: 'Chatterjee K, Jafariraviz M, Saona Urmeneta RJ, Svoboda J. Value iteration
    with guessing for Markov chains and Markov decision processes. In: <i>31st International
    Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems</i>.
    Vol 15697. Springer Nature; 2025:217-236. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_11">10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_11</a>'
  apa: 'Chatterjee, K., Jafariraviz, M., Saona Urmeneta, R. J., &#38; Svoboda, J.
    (2025). Value iteration with guessing for Markov chains and Markov decision processes.
    In <i>31st International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction
    and Analysis of Systems</i> (Vol. 15697, pp. 217–236). Hamilton, ON, Canada: Springer
    Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_11">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_11</a>'
  chicago: Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Mahdi Jafariraviz, Raimundo J Saona Urmeneta, and
    Jakub Svoboda. “Value Iteration with Guessing for Markov Chains and Markov Decision
    Processes.” In <i>31st International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the
    Construction and Analysis of Systems</i>, 15697:217–36. Springer Nature, 2025.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_11">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_11</a>.
  ieee: K. Chatterjee, M. Jafariraviz, R. J. Saona Urmeneta, and J. Svoboda, “Value
    iteration with guessing for Markov chains and Markov decision processes,” in <i>31st
    International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis
    of Systems</i>, Hamilton, ON, Canada, 2025, vol. 15697, pp. 217–236.
  ista: 'Chatterjee K, Jafariraviz M, Saona Urmeneta RJ, Svoboda J. 2025. Value iteration
    with guessing for Markov chains and Markov decision processes. 31st International
    Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems.
    TACAS: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, LNCS,
    vol. 15697, 217–236.'
  mla: Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “Value Iteration with Guessing for Markov Chains
    and Markov Decision Processes.” <i>31st International Conference on Tools and
    Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems</i>, vol. 15697, Springer
    Nature, 2025, pp. 217–36, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_11">10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_11</a>.
  short: K. Chatterjee, M. Jafariraviz, R.J. Saona Urmeneta, J. Svoboda, in:, 31st
    International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis
    of Systems, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 217–236.
conference:
  end_date: 2025-05-08
  location: Hamilton, ON, Canada
  name: 'TACAS: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems'
  start_date: 2025-05-03
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-05-25T22:17:06Z
date_published: 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-16T06:56:56Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: KrCh
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_11
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2505.06769'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 45da6efbcbed20aada16c48c8e55e2d6
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2025-06-02T07:31:12Z
  date_updated: 2025-06-02T07:31:12Z
  file_id: '19767'
  file_name: 2025_TACAS_Chatterjee.pdf
  file_size: 557481
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-06-02T07:31:12Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_11
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '     15697'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 217-236
project:
- _id: 0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '863818'
  name: 'Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications'
- _id: 4029cfc7-b034-11f1-9e55-88ab2ff3b6ee
  grant_number: COE12
  name: Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Chatterjee)
publication: 31st International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction
  and Analysis of Systems
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1611-3349
  isbn:
  - '9783031906527'
  issn:
  - 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Value iteration with guessing for Markov chains and Markov decision processes
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 15697
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
_id: '19744'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We consider the problem of refuting equivalence of probabilistic programs,
    i.e., the problem of proving that two probabilistic programs induce different
    output distributions. We study this problem in the context of programs with conditioning
    (i.e., with observe and score statements), where the output distribution is conditioned
    by the event that all the observe statements along a run evaluate to true, and
    where the probability densities of different runs may be updated via the score
    statements. Building on a recent work on programs without conditioning, we present
    a new equivalence refutation method for programs with conditioning. Our method
    is based on weighted restarting, a novel transformation of probabilistic programs
    with conditioning to the output equivalent probabilistic programs without conditioning
    that we introduce in this work. Our method is the first to be both a) fully automated,
    and b) providing provably correct answers. We demonstrate the applicability of
    our method on a set of programs from the probabilistic inference literature.
acknowledgement: This work was partially supported by ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt)
  and Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE12. Petr Novotný is supported by the
  Czech Science Foundation grant no. GA23-06963S.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Krishnendu
  full_name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu
  id: 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Chatterjee
  orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X
- first_name: Ehsan
  full_name: Kafshdar Goharshadi, Ehsan
  id: 103b4fa0-896a-11ed-bdf8-87b697bef40d
  last_name: Kafshdar Goharshadi
  orcid: 0000-0002-8595-0587
- first_name: Petr
  full_name: Novotný, Petr
  id: 3CC3B868-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Novotný
- first_name: Dorde
  full_name: Zikelic, Dorde
  id: 294AA7A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Zikelic
  orcid: 0000-0002-4681-1699
citation:
  ama: 'Chatterjee K, Goharshady E, Novotný P, Zikelic D. Refuting equivalence in
    probabilistic programs with conditioning. In: <i>31st International Conference
    on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems</i>. Vol
    15697. Springer Nature; 2025:279-300. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_14">10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_14</a>'
  apa: 'Chatterjee, K., Goharshady, E., Novotný, P., &#38; Zikelic, D. (2025). Refuting
    equivalence in probabilistic programs with conditioning. In <i>31st International
    Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems</i>
    (Vol. 15697, pp. 279–300). Hamilton, ON, Canada: Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_14">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_14</a>'
  chicago: Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Ehsan Goharshady, Petr Novotný, and Dorde Zikelic.
    “Refuting Equivalence in Probabilistic Programs with Conditioning.” In <i>31st
    International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis
    of Systems</i>, 15697:279–300. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_14">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_14</a>.
  ieee: K. Chatterjee, E. Goharshady, P. Novotný, and D. Zikelic, “Refuting equivalence
    in probabilistic programs with conditioning,” in <i>31st International Conference
    on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems</i>, Hamilton,
    ON, Canada, 2025, vol. 15697, pp. 279–300.
  ista: 'Chatterjee K, Goharshady E, Novotný P, Zikelic D. 2025. Refuting equivalence
    in probabilistic programs with conditioning. 31st International Conference on
    Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems. TACAS: Tools
    and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, LNCS, vol. 15697,
    279–300.'
  mla: Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “Refuting Equivalence in Probabilistic Programs
    with Conditioning.” <i>31st International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for
    the Construction and Analysis of Systems</i>, vol. 15697, Springer Nature, 2025,
    pp. 279–300, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_14">10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_14</a>.
  short: K. Chatterjee, E. Goharshady, P. Novotný, D. Zikelic, in:, 31st International
    Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems,
    Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 279–300.
conference:
  end_date: 2025-05-08
  location: Hamilton, ON, Canada
  name: 'TACAS: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems'
  start_date: 2025-05-03
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-05-25T22:17:10Z
date_published: 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-16T06:57:43Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: KrCh
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_14
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2501.06579'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 7dcd85e7e753bfa994c10b3cf9ebc185
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2025-06-02T11:13:49Z
  date_updated: 2025-06-02T11:13:49Z
  file_id: '19773'
  file_name: 2025_TACAS_Chatterjee_Goharshadi.pdf
  file_size: 532181
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-06-02T11:13:49Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90653-4_14
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '     15697'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 279-300
project:
- _id: 0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '863818'
  name: 'Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications'
- _id: 4029cfc7-b034-11f1-9e55-88ab2ff3b6ee
  grant_number: COE12
  name: Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Chatterjee)
publication: 31st International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction
  and Analysis of Systems
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1611-3349
  isbn:
  - '9783031906527'
  issn:
  - 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Refuting equivalence in probabilistic programs with conditioning
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 15697
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '19667'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The problem of checking satisfiability of linear real arithmetic (LRA) and
    non-linear real arithmetic (NRA) formulas has broad applications, in particular,
    they are at the heart of logic-related applications such as logic for artificial
    intelligence, program analysis, etc. While there has been much work on checking
    satisfiability of unquantified LRA and NRA formulas, the problem of checking satisfiability
    of quantified LRA and NRA formulas remains a significant challenge. The main bottleneck
    in the existing methods is a computationally expensive quantifier elimination
    step. In this work, we propose a novel method for efficient quantifier elimination
    in quantified LRA and NRA formulas. We propose a template-based Skolemization
    approach, where we automatically synthesize linear/polynomial Skolem functions
    in order to eliminate quantifiers in the formula. The key technical ingredient
    in our approach are Positivstellensätze theorems from algebraic geometry, which
    allow for an efficient manipulation of polynomial inequalities. Our method offers
    a range of appealing theoretical properties combined with a strong practical performance.
    On the theory side, our method is sound, semi-complete, and runs in subexponential
    time and polynomial space, as opposed to existing sound and complete quantifier
    elimination methods that run in doubly-exponential time and at least exponential
    space. On the practical side, our experiments show superior performance compared
    to state of the art SMT solvers in terms of the number of solved instances and
    runtime, both on LRA and on NRA benchmarks.
acknowledgement: This work was partially funded by ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt) and
  Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE12.
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Krishnendu
  full_name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu
  id: 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Chatterjee
  orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X
- first_name: Ehsan
  full_name: Kafshdar Goharshadi, Ehsan
  id: 103b4fa0-896a-11ed-bdf8-87b697bef40d
  last_name: Kafshdar Goharshadi
  orcid: 0000-0002-8595-0587
- first_name: Mehrdad
  full_name: Karrabi, Mehrdad
  id: 67638922-f394-11eb-9cf6-f20423e08757
  last_name: Karrabi
  orcid: 0009-0007-5253-9170
- first_name: Harshit J.
  full_name: Motwani, Harshit J.
  last_name: Motwani
- first_name: Maximilian
  full_name: Seeliger, Maximilian
  last_name: Seeliger
- first_name: Dorde
  full_name: Zikelic, Dorde
  id: 294AA7A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Zikelic
  orcid: 0000-0002-4681-1699
citation:
  ama: 'Chatterjee K, Goharshady E, Karrabi M, Motwani HJ, Seeliger M, Zikelic D.
    Quantified linear and polynomial arithmetic satisfiability via template-based
    skolemization. In: <i>Proceedings of the 39th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>.
    Vol 39. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence; 2025:11158-11166.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33213">10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33213</a>'
  apa: 'Chatterjee, K., Goharshady, E., Karrabi, M., Motwani, H. J., Seeliger, M.,
    &#38; Zikelic, D. (2025). Quantified linear and polynomial arithmetic satisfiability
    via template-based skolemization. In <i>Proceedings of the 39th AAAI Conference
    on Artificial Intelligence</i> (Vol. 39, pp. 11158–11166). Philadelphia, PA, United
    States: Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33213">https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33213</a>'
  chicago: Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Ehsan Goharshady, Mehrdad Karrabi, Harshit J. Motwani,
    Maximilian Seeliger, and Dorde Zikelic. “Quantified Linear and Polynomial Arithmetic
    Satisfiability via Template-Based Skolemization.” In <i>Proceedings of the 39th
    AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>, 39:11158–66. Association for the
    Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33213">https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33213</a>.
  ieee: K. Chatterjee, E. Goharshady, M. Karrabi, H. J. Motwani, M. Seeliger, and
    D. Zikelic, “Quantified linear and polynomial arithmetic satisfiability via template-based
    skolemization,” in <i>Proceedings of the 39th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>,
    Philadelphia, PA, United States, 2025, vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 11158–11166.
  ista: 'Chatterjee K, Goharshady E, Karrabi M, Motwani HJ, Seeliger M, Zikelic D.
    2025. Quantified linear and polynomial arithmetic satisfiability via template-based
    skolemization. Proceedings of the 39th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.
    AAAI: Conference on Artificial Intelligence vol. 39, 11158–11166.'
  mla: Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “Quantified Linear and Polynomial Arithmetic
    Satisfiability via Template-Based Skolemization.” <i>Proceedings of the 39th AAAI
    Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>, vol. 39, no. 11, Association for the
    Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2025, pp. 11158–66, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33213">10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33213</a>.
  short: K. Chatterjee, E. Goharshady, M. Karrabi, H.J. Motwani, M. Seeliger, D. Zikelic,
    in:, Proceedings of the 39th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Association
    for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2025, pp. 11158–11166.
conference:
  end_date: 2025-03-04
  location: Philadelphia, PA, United States
  name: 'AAAI: Conference on Artificial Intelligence'
  start_date: 2025-02-25
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-05-11T22:02:39Z
date_published: 2025-04-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-16T06:55:21Z
day: '11'
department:
- _id: KrCh
doi: 10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33213
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2412.16226'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33213
intvolume: '        39'
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.16226
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 11158-11166
project:
- _id: 0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '863818'
  name: 'Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications'
- _id: 4029cfc7-b034-11f1-9e55-88ab2ff3b6ee
  grant_number: COE12
  name: Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Chatterjee)
publication: Proceedings of the 39th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2374-3468
  issn:
  - 2159-5399
publication_status: published
publisher: Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Quantified linear and polynomial arithmetic satisfiability via template-based
  skolemization
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 39
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '19669'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'We consider a class of optimization problems defined by a system of linear
    equations with min and max operators. This class of optimization problems has
    been studied under restrictive conditions, such as, (C1) the halting or stability
    condition; (C2) the non-negative coefficients condition; (C3) the sum upto 1 condition;
    and (C4) the only min or only max operator condition. Several seminal results
    in the literature focus on special cases. For example, turn-based stochastic games
    correspond to conditions C2 and C3; and Markov decision process to conditions
    C2, C3, and C4. However, the systematic computational complexity study of all
    the cases has not been explored, which we address in this work. Some highlights
    of our results are: with conditions C2 and C4, and with conditions C3 and C4,
    the problem is NP-complete, whereas with condition C1 only, the problem is in
    UP intersects coUP. Finally, we establish the computational complexity of the
    decision problem of checking the respective conditions.'
acknowledgement: This research was partially supported by the ERC CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt)
  grant and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) 10.55776/COE12 grant.
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Krishnendu
  full_name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu
  id: 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Chatterjee
  orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X
- first_name: Ruichen
  full_name: Luo, Ruichen
  id: b391db08-1ffe-11ee-8b67-d18ddcfb5a14
  last_name: Luo
- first_name: Raimundo J
  full_name: Saona Urmeneta, Raimundo J
  id: BD1DF4C4-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Saona Urmeneta
  orcid: 0000-0001-5103-038X
- first_name: Jakub
  full_name: Svoboda, Jakub
  id: 130759D2-D7DD-11E9-87D2-DE0DE6697425
  last_name: Svoboda
  orcid: 0000-0002-1419-3267
citation:
  ama: 'Chatterjee K, Luo R, Saona Urmeneta RJ, Svoboda J. Linear equations with min
    and max operators: Computational complexity. In: <i>Proceedings of the 39th AAAI
    Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>. Vol 39. Association for the Advancement
    of Artificial Intelligence; 2025:11150-11157. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33212">10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33212</a>'
  apa: 'Chatterjee, K., Luo, R., Saona Urmeneta, R. J., &#38; Svoboda, J. (2025).
    Linear equations with min and max operators: Computational complexity. In <i>Proceedings
    of the 39th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i> (Vol. 39, pp. 11150–11157).
    Philadelphia, PA, United States: Association for the Advancement of Artificial
    Intelligence. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33212">https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33212</a>'
  chicago: 'Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Ruichen Luo, Raimundo J Saona Urmeneta, and Jakub
    Svoboda. “Linear Equations with Min and Max Operators: Computational Complexity.”
    In <i>Proceedings of the 39th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>,
    39:11150–57. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2025.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33212">https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33212</a>.'
  ieee: 'K. Chatterjee, R. Luo, R. J. Saona Urmeneta, and J. Svoboda, “Linear equations
    with min and max operators: Computational complexity,” in <i>Proceedings of the
    39th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence</i>, Philadelphia, PA, United
    States, 2025, vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 11150–11157.'
  ista: 'Chatterjee K, Luo R, Saona Urmeneta RJ, Svoboda J. 2025. Linear equations
    with min and max operators: Computational complexity. Proceedings of the 39th
    AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI: Conference on Artificial Intelligence
    vol. 39, 11150–11157.'
  mla: 'Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. “Linear Equations with Min and Max Operators:
    Computational Complexity.” <i>Proceedings of the 39th AAAI Conference on Artificial
    Intelligence</i>, vol. 39, no. 11, Association for the Advancement of Artificial
    Intelligence, 2025, pp. 11150–57, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33212">10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33212</a>.'
  short: K. Chatterjee, R. Luo, R.J. Saona Urmeneta, J. Svoboda, in:, Proceedings
    of the 39th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Association for the Advancement
    of Artificial Intelligence, 2025, pp. 11150–11157.
conference:
  end_date: 2025-03-04
  location: Philadelphia, PA, United States
  name: 'AAAI: Conference on Artificial Intelligence'
  start_date: 2025-02-25
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-05-11T22:02:40Z
date_published: 2025-04-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-16T06:55:47Z
day: '11'
department:
- _id: KrCh
doi: 10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33212
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2412.12228'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i11.33212
intvolume: '        39'
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.12228
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 11150-11157
project:
- _id: 0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '863818'
  name: 'Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications'
- _id: 4029cfc7-b034-11f1-9e55-88ab2ff3b6ee
  grant_number: COE12
  name: Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Chatterjee)
publication: Proceedings of the 39th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2374-3468
  issn:
  - 2159-5399
publication_status: published
publisher: Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Linear equations with min and max operators: Computational complexity'
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 39
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '19771'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "This artifact allows to review and reproduce the Isabelle proofs and practical
    experiments from the paper *Fixed Point Certificates for Reachability and Expected
    Rewards in MDPs*.\r\nThe contents are two-fold:\r\nFirst, the artifact contains
    a formally verified certificate checker for the certificates presented in the
    paper.\r\nThe formal Isabelle/HOL proofs of the background theory can be inspected,
    checked by Isabelle and the code extraction can be retraced.\r\n\r\nSecond, the
    artifact contains a modified version of the model checking tool `Storm` with support
    for certificate generation. Together with the provided scripts and benchmark files,
    this allows to reproduce the experiments from the paper.\r\nAn appropriate subset
    of the experiments is given to allow a review in a timely manner. In addition,
    original logfiles from our experiments are provided, allowing a detailed inspection.\r\n\r\nThe
    package includes convenient installation scripts for [the TACAS 2023 VM](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7113223)
    (based on Ubuntu 22.04).\r\nA native installation on Linux or macOS systems (including
    the newer ARM-based machines) is also possible."
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Krishnendu
  full_name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu
  id: 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Chatterjee
  orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X
- first_name: Tim
  full_name: Quatmann, Tim
  last_name: Quatmann
- first_name: Maximilian
  full_name: Schäffeler, Maximilian
  last_name: Schäffeler
- first_name: Maximilian
  full_name: Weininger, Maximilian
  id: 02ab0197-cc70-11ed-ab61-918e71f56881
  last_name: Weininger
  orcid: 0000-0002-0163-2152
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Winkler, Tobias
  last_name: Winkler
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Zilken, Daniel
  id: d8ebc24a-3f98-11f0-9044-8296d4f39ab3
  last_name: Zilken
citation:
  ama: 'Chatterjee K, Quatmann T, Schäffeler M, Weininger M, Winkler T, Zilken D.
    Artifact: Fixed point certificates for reachability and expected rewards in MDPs.
    2025. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14626585">10.5281/ZENODO.14626585</a>'
  apa: 'Chatterjee, K., Quatmann, T., Schäffeler, M., Weininger, M., Winkler, T.,
    &#38; Zilken, D. (2025). Artifact: Fixed point certificates for reachability and
    expected rewards in MDPs. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14626585">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14626585</a>'
  chicago: 'Chatterjee, Krishnendu, Tim Quatmann, Maximilian Schäffeler, Maximilian
    Weininger, Tobias Winkler, and Daniel Zilken. “Artifact: Fixed Point Certificates
    for Reachability and Expected Rewards in MDPs.” Zenodo, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14626585">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14626585</a>.'
  ieee: 'K. Chatterjee, T. Quatmann, M. Schäffeler, M. Weininger, T. Winkler, and
    D. Zilken, “Artifact: Fixed point certificates for reachability and expected rewards
    in MDPs.” Zenodo, 2025.'
  ista: 'Chatterjee K, Quatmann T, Schäffeler M, Weininger M, Winkler T, Zilken D.
    2025. Artifact: Fixed point certificates for reachability and expected rewards
    in MDPs, Zenodo, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14626585">10.5281/ZENODO.14626585</a>.'
  mla: 'Chatterjee, Krishnendu, et al. <i>Artifact: Fixed Point Certificates for Reachability
    and Expected Rewards in MDPs</i>. Zenodo, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14626585">10.5281/ZENODO.14626585</a>.'
  short: K. Chatterjee, T. Quatmann, M. Schäffeler, M. Weininger, T. Winkler, D. Zilken,
    (2025).
date_created: 2025-06-02T10:13:24Z
date_published: 2025-01-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-16T06:57:17Z
day: '09'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: KrCh
doi: 10.5281/ZENODO.14626585
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14626585
main_file_link:
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  url: https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14626585
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Zenodo
related_material:
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status: public
title: 'Artifact: Fixed point certificates for reachability and expected rewards in
  MDPs'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '19843'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Social dilemmas are collective-action problems where individual interests
    are at odds with group interests. Such dilemmas occur frequently at all scales
    of human interactions. When dealing with collective-action problems, people often
    act reciprocally. They adjust their behavior to match the previous behavior of
    the recipient. The literature distinguishes two kinds of reciprocity. According
    to direct reciprocity, individuals react to their immediate experiences with the
    recipient. They are more likely to cooperate if the recipient previously cooperated
    with them. According to indirect reciprocity, individuals react to the recipient’s
    general behavior, irrespectively of whether or not they benefited directly. In
    practice, the two kinds of reciprocity are often intertwined; people typically
    base their decisions on both direct experiences and indirect observations. Yet
    only recently have researchers begun to explore how the two kinds of reciprocity
    interact. So far, this research only addresses a single type of social dilemma,
    the donation game, where the effects of individual behaviors are independent.
    Instead, here we allow for all pairwise social dilemmas. By applying novel techniques
    to generalize the theory of zero-determinant strategies, we establish an important
    proof of principle: In all social dilemmas, socially optimal outcomes can be sustained
    as an equilibrium, using either direct or indirect reciprocity, or arbitrary mixtures
    thereof. These results neither require games to be repeated infinitely often,
    nor that individual opinions are synchronized. In this way, we considerably generalize
    the scope of models of reciprocity, and we build further bridges between the literatures
    on direct and indirect reciprocity.'
acknowledgement: 'This work was supported by the European Research Council CoG 863818
  (ForM-SMArt) (to K.C.) and the European Research Council Starting Grant 850529:
  E-DIRECT (to C.H.).'
article_number: pgaf154
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Valentin
  full_name: Hübner, Valentin
  id: 2c8aa207-dc7d-11ea-9b2f-f22972ecd910
  last_name: Hübner
  orcid: 0009-0001-5009-4987
- first_name: Laura
  full_name: Schmid, Laura
  id: 38B437DE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Schmid
  orcid: 0000-0002-6978-7329
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Hilbe, Christian
  id: 2FDF8F3C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hilbe
  orcid: 0000-0001-5116-955X
- first_name: Krishnendu
  full_name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu
  id: 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Chatterjee
  orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X
citation:
  ama: Hübner V, Schmid L, Hilbe C, Chatterjee K. Stable strategies of direct and
    indirect reciprocity across all social dilemmas. <i>PNAS Nexus</i>. 2025;4(5).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf154">10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf154</a>
  apa: Hübner, V., Schmid, L., Hilbe, C., &#38; Chatterjee, K. (2025). Stable strategies
    of direct and indirect reciprocity across all social dilemmas. <i>PNAS Nexus</i>.
    Oxford University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf154">https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf154</a>
  chicago: Hübner, Valentin, Laura Schmid, Christian Hilbe, and Krishnendu Chatterjee.
    “Stable Strategies of Direct and Indirect Reciprocity across All Social Dilemmas.”
    <i>PNAS Nexus</i>. Oxford University Press, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf154">https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf154</a>.
  ieee: V. Hübner, L. Schmid, C. Hilbe, and K. Chatterjee, “Stable strategies of direct
    and indirect reciprocity across all social dilemmas,” <i>PNAS Nexus</i>, vol.
    4, no. 5. Oxford University Press, 2025.
  ista: Hübner V, Schmid L, Hilbe C, Chatterjee K. 2025. Stable strategies of direct
    and indirect reciprocity across all social dilemmas. PNAS Nexus. 4(5), pgaf154.
  mla: Hübner, Valentin, et al. “Stable Strategies of Direct and Indirect Reciprocity
    across All Social Dilemmas.” <i>PNAS Nexus</i>, vol. 4, no. 5, pgaf154, Oxford
    University Press, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf154">10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf154</a>.
  short: V. Hübner, L. Schmid, C. Hilbe, K. Chatterjee, PNAS Nexus 4 (2025).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-06-15T22:01:30Z
date_published: 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-16T06:58:23Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: KrCh
doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf154
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '40417077'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: efd6648db3fc3ea0cdd7155d667e5f11
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2025-06-23T08:09:50Z
  date_updated: 2025-06-23T08:09:50Z
  file_id: '19867'
  file_name: 2025_PNASNexus_Huebner.pdf
  file_size: 2551195
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-06-23T08:09:50Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf154
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         4'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '863818'
  name: 'Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications'
publication: PNAS Nexus
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2752-6542
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
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    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Stable strategies of direct and indirect reciprocity across all social dilemmas
tmp:
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  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 4
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '19074'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The public goods game is among the most studied metaphors of cooperation
    in groups. In this game, individuals can use their endowments to make contributions
    towards a good that benefits everyone. Each individual, however, is tempted to
    free-ride on the contributions of others. Herein, we study repeated public goods
    games among asymmetric players. Previous work has explored to which extent asymmetry
    allows for full cooperation, such that players contribute their full endowment
    each round. However, by design that work focusses on equilibria where individuals
    make the same contribution each round. Instead, here we consider players whose
    contributions along the equilibrium path can change from one round to the next.
    We do so for three different models – one without any budget constraints, one
    with endowment constraints, and one in which individuals can save their current
    endowment to be used in subsequent rounds. In each case, we explore two key quantities:
    the welfare and the resource efficiency that can be achieved in equilibrium. Welfare
    corresponds to the sum of all players’ payoffs. Resource efficiency relates this
    welfare to the total contributions made by the players. Compared to constant contribution
    sequences, we find that time-dependent contributions can improve resource efficiency
    across all three models. Moreover, they can improve the players’ welfare in the
    model with savings.'
acknowledgement: 'This work was supported by the European Research Council CoG 863818
  (ForM-SMArt) (to K.C.) and the European Research Council Starting Grant 850529:
  E-DIRECT (to C.H.), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
  under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement #754411 and the French Agence Nationale
  de la Recherche (under the Investissement d’Avenir programme, ANR-17-EURE-0010),
  and ARC SRIEAS Grant SR200100005 Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future (to
  M.K.). Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST
  Austria).'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Valentin
  full_name: Hübner, Valentin
  id: 2c8aa207-dc7d-11ea-9b2f-f22972ecd910
  last_name: Hübner
  orcid: 0009-0001-5009-4987
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Hilbe, Christian
  id: 2FDF8F3C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hilbe
  orcid: 0000-0001-5116-955X
- first_name: Manuel
  full_name: Staab, Manuel
  last_name: Staab
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Kleshnina, Maria
  id: 4E21749C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kleshnina
  orcid: 0000-0002-5518-8317
- first_name: Krishnendu
  full_name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu
  id: 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Chatterjee
  orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X
citation:
  ama: Hübner V, Hilbe C, Staab M, Kleshnina M, Chatterjee K. Time-dependent strategies
    in repeated asymmetric public goods games. <i>Dynamic Games and Applications</i>.
    2025;15:1617-1645. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-025-00627-5">10.1007/s13235-025-00627-5</a>
  apa: Hübner, V., Hilbe, C., Staab, M., Kleshnina, M., &#38; Chatterjee, K. (2025).
    Time-dependent strategies in repeated asymmetric public goods games. <i>Dynamic
    Games and Applications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-025-00627-5">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-025-00627-5</a>
  chicago: Hübner, Valentin, Christian Hilbe, Manuel Staab, Maria Kleshnina, and Krishnendu
    Chatterjee. “Time-Dependent Strategies in Repeated Asymmetric Public Goods Games.”
    <i>Dynamic Games and Applications</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-025-00627-5">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-025-00627-5</a>.
  ieee: V. Hübner, C. Hilbe, M. Staab, M. Kleshnina, and K. Chatterjee, “Time-dependent
    strategies in repeated asymmetric public goods games,” <i>Dynamic Games and Applications</i>,
    vol. 15. Springer Nature, pp. 1617–1645, 2025.
  ista: Hübner V, Hilbe C, Staab M, Kleshnina M, Chatterjee K. 2025. Time-dependent
    strategies in repeated asymmetric public goods games. Dynamic Games and Applications.
    15, 1617–1645.
  mla: Hübner, Valentin, et al. “Time-Dependent Strategies in Repeated Asymmetric
    Public Goods Games.” <i>Dynamic Games and Applications</i>, vol. 15, Springer
    Nature, 2025, pp. 1617–45, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-025-00627-5">10.1007/s13235-025-00627-5</a>.
  short: V. Hübner, C. Hilbe, M. Staab, M. Kleshnina, K. Chatterjee, Dynamic Games
    and Applications 15 (2025) 1617–1645.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-02-23T23:01:57Z
date_published: 2025-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-16T06:58:23Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: KrCh
doi: 10.1007/s13235-025-00627-5
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001415587800001'
file:
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  checksum: de0a412cbb7d98bf5e6a551c26acbefa
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  date_created: 2025-12-30T08:01:35Z
  date_updated: 2025-12-30T08:01:35Z
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file_date_updated: 2025-12-30T08:01:35Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-025-00627-5
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        15'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1617-1645
project:
- _id: 0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '863818'
  name: 'Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications'
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
publication: Dynamic Games and Applications
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2153-0793
  issn:
  - 2153-0785
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '19903'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Time-dependent strategies in repeated asymmetric public goods games
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 15
year: '2025'
...
