[{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2470-0045"],"eissn":["2470-0053"]},"corr_author":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/m7gr-2t6j","OA_place":"publisher","day":"14","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"abstract":[{"text":"A floating Leidenfrost droplet exhibits curvature inversion of its underside, due to the balance of vapor pressure and surface tension. Using interferometric imaging, we find different behavior for a levitated hydrogel sphere. Curvature inversion is observed briefly just after deposition, but quickly gives way to a steady state with no inversion. We show the essential role of vaporization in shaping the underbelly of the hydrogel, where changes due to direct mass loss are more significant than the balance of vapor pressure and elastic forces.","lang":"eng"}],"file":[{"file_size":3173197,"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","file_name":"2026_PhysicalReviewE_DiazMelian.pdf","creator":"dernst","success":1,"date_updated":"2026-06-16T11:21:53Z","date_created":"2026-06-16T11:21:53Z","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"22014","checksum":"902cc8d177c8d3ae9cfe07c30375c9a9"}],"date_published":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1103/m7gr-2t6j","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","PlanS_conform":"1","publication_status":"published","type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Physical Review E","oa":1,"intvolume":" 113","title":"Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere","arxiv":1,"status":"public","file_date_updated":"2026-06-16T11:21:53Z","publisher":"American Physical Society","citation":{"mla":"Diaz Melian, Vicente L., et al. “Geometry of the Vapor Layer under a Leidenfrost Hydrogel Sphere.” Physical Review E, vol. 113, no. 5, L053502, American Physical Society, 2026, doi:10.1103/m7gr-2t6j.","ista":"Diaz Melian VL, Lenton IC, Binysh J, Souslov A, Waitukaitis SR. 2026. Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere. Physical Review E. 113(5), L053502.","ama":"Diaz Melian VL, Lenton IC, Binysh J, Souslov A, Waitukaitis SR. Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere. Physical Review E. 2026;113(5). doi:10.1103/m7gr-2t6j","apa":"Diaz Melian, V. L., Lenton, I. C., Binysh, J., Souslov, A., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2026). Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere. Physical Review E. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/m7gr-2t6j","short":"V.L. Diaz Melian, I.C. Lenton, J. Binysh, A. Souslov, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review E 113 (2026).","ieee":"V. L. Diaz Melian, I. C. Lenton, J. Binysh, A. Souslov, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Geometry of the vapor layer under a Leidenfrost hydrogel sphere,” Physical Review E, vol. 113, no. 5. American Physical Society, 2026.","chicago":"Diaz Melian, Vicente L, Isaac C Lenton, Jack Binysh, Anton Souslov, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Geometry of the Vapor Layer under a Leidenfrost Hydrogel Sphere.” Physical Review E. American Physical Society, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1103/m7gr-2t6j."},"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","volume":113,"date_created":"2026-06-10T07:36:41Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2507.04982"]},"_id":"21982","article_type":"letter_note","issue":"5","OA_type":"hybrid","has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"month":"05","ddc":["530"],"article_number":"L053502","date_updated":"2026-06-16T11:24:18Z","acknowledgement":"This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop and the Scientific Computing Facility. J.B. acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101106500.","author":[{"full_name":"Diaz Melian, Vicente L","id":"b6798902-eea0-11ea-9cbc-a8e14286c631","last_name":"Diaz Melian","first_name":"Vicente L"},{"last_name":"Lenton","id":"a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb","full_name":"Lenton, Isaac C","first_name":"Isaac C","orcid":"0000-0002-5010-6984"},{"last_name":"Binysh","full_name":"Binysh, Jack","first_name":"Jack"},{"full_name":"Souslov, Anton","last_name":"Souslov","first_name":"Anton"},{"first_name":"Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Waitukaitis"}],"year":"2026","oa_version":"Published Version"},{"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Journal of Physics: Photonics","doi":"10.1088/2515-7647/ae0fd1","scopus_import":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","PlanS_conform":"1","quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","day":"01","OA_place":"publisher","abstract":[{"text":"Through digital imaging, microscopy has evolved from primarily being a means for visual observation of life at the micro- and nano-scale, to a quantitative tool with ever-increasing resolution and throughput. Artificial intelligence, deep neural networks, and machine learning (ML) are all niche terms describing computational methods that have gained a pivotal role in microscopy-based research over the past decade. This Roadmap encompasses key aspects of how ML is applied to microscopy image data, with the aim of gaining scientific knowledge by improved image quality, automated detection, segmentation, classification and tracking of objects, and efficient merging of information from multiple imaging modalities. We aim to give the reader an overview of the key developments and an understanding of possibilities and limitations of ML for microscopy. It will be of interest to a wide cross-disciplinary audience in the physical sciences and life sciences.","lang":"eng"}],"date_published":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","file":[{"date_updated":"2026-03-02T09:05:53Z","date_created":"2026-03-02T09:05:53Z","checksum":"172720f1f0c5c9d06a282e52023a0030","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"21375","relation":"main_file","file_name":"2026_JPhysPhotonics_Volpe.pdf","file_size":16789781,"content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"creator":"dernst"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2515-7647"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ae0fd1","ddc":["530"],"date_updated":"2026-03-23T13:18:11Z","article_number":"012501","author":[{"last_name":"Volpe","full_name":"Volpe, Giovanni","first_name":"Giovanni"},{"full_name":"Wählby, Carolina","last_name":"Wählby","first_name":"Carolina"},{"first_name":"Lei","last_name":"Tian","full_name":"Tian, Lei"},{"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Hecht","full_name":"Hecht, Michael"},{"first_name":"Artur","full_name":"Yakimovich, Artur","last_name":"Yakimovich"},{"last_name":"Monakhova","full_name":"Monakhova, Kristina","first_name":"Kristina"},{"first_name":"Laura","full_name":"Waller, Laura","last_name":"Waller"},{"first_name":"Ivo F.","last_name":"Sbalzarini","full_name":"Sbalzarini, Ivo F."},{"first_name":"Christopher A.","last_name":"Metzler","full_name":"Metzler, Christopher A."},{"first_name":"Mingyang","last_name":"Xie","full_name":"Xie, Mingyang"},{"first_name":"Kevin","full_name":"Zhang, Kevin","last_name":"Zhang"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-5010-6984","first_name":"Isaac C","id":"a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb","last_name":"Lenton","full_name":"Lenton, Isaac C"},{"first_name":"Halina","last_name":"Rubinsztein-Dunlop","full_name":"Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Brunner","full_name":"Brunner, Daniel"},{"first_name":"Bijie","last_name":"Bai","full_name":"Bai, Bijie"},{"first_name":"Aydogan","full_name":"Ozcan, Aydogan","last_name":"Ozcan"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Midtvedt","full_name":"Midtvedt, Daniel"},{"full_name":"Wang, Hao","last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Hao"},{"last_name":"Li","full_name":"Li, Tongyu","first_name":"Tongyu"},{"first_name":"Nataša","full_name":"Sladoje, Nataša","last_name":"Sladoje"},{"first_name":"Joakim","last_name":"Lindblad","full_name":"Lindblad, Joakim"},{"full_name":"Smith, Jason T.","last_name":"Smith","first_name":"Jason T."},{"full_name":"Ochoa, Marien","last_name":"Ochoa","first_name":"Marien"},{"first_name":"Margarida","last_name":"Barroso","full_name":"Barroso, Margarida"},{"first_name":"Xavier","last_name":"Intes","full_name":"Intes, Xavier"},{"first_name":"Tong","full_name":"Qiu, Tong","last_name":"Qiu"},{"first_name":"Li Yu","last_name":"Yu","full_name":"Yu, Li Yu"},{"full_name":"You, Sixian","last_name":"You","first_name":"Sixian"},{"first_name":"Yongtao","full_name":"Liu, Yongtao","last_name":"Liu"},{"last_name":"Ziatdinov","full_name":"Ziatdinov, Maxim A.","first_name":"Maxim A."},{"first_name":"Sergei V.","full_name":"Kalinin, Sergei V.","last_name":"Kalinin"},{"first_name":"Arlo","last_name":"Sheridan","full_name":"Sheridan, Arlo"},{"last_name":"Manor","full_name":"Manor, Uri","first_name":"Uri"},{"full_name":"Nehme, Elias","last_name":"Nehme","first_name":"Elias"},{"first_name":"Ofri","full_name":"Goldenberg, Ofri","last_name":"Goldenberg"},{"first_name":"Yoav","full_name":"Shechtman, Yoav","last_name":"Shechtman"},{"full_name":"Moberg, Henrik K.","last_name":"Moberg","first_name":"Henrik K."},{"first_name":"Christoph","last_name":"Langhammer","full_name":"Langhammer, Christoph"},{"first_name":"Barbora","last_name":"Špačková","full_name":"Špačková, Barbora"},{"full_name":"Helgadottir, Saga","last_name":"Helgadottir","first_name":"Saga"},{"last_name":"Midtvedt","full_name":"Midtvedt, Benjamin","first_name":"Benjamin"},{"last_name":"Argun","full_name":"Argun, Aykut","first_name":"Aykut"},{"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Thalheim","full_name":"Thalheim, Tobias"},{"last_name":"Cichos","full_name":"Cichos, Frank","first_name":"Frank"},{"full_name":"Bo, Stefano","last_name":"Bo","first_name":"Stefano"},{"first_name":"Lars","last_name":"Hubatsch","full_name":"Hubatsch, Lars"},{"first_name":"Jesus","last_name":"Pineda","full_name":"Pineda, Jesus"},{"last_name":"Manzo","full_name":"Manzo, Carlo","first_name":"Carlo"},{"first_name":"Harshith","full_name":"Bachimanchi, Harshith","last_name":"Bachimanchi"},{"first_name":"Erik","full_name":"Selander, Erik","last_name":"Selander"},{"full_name":"Homs-Corbera, Antoni","last_name":"Homs-Corbera","first_name":"Antoni"},{"first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Fränzl, Martin","last_name":"Fränzl"},{"last_name":"De Haan","full_name":"De Haan, Kevin","first_name":"Kevin"},{"full_name":"Rivenson, Yair","last_name":"Rivenson","first_name":"Yair"},{"first_name":"Zofia","last_name":"Korczak","full_name":"Korczak, Zofia"},{"full_name":"Adiels, Caroline Beck","last_name":"Adiels","first_name":"Caroline Beck"},{"first_name":"Mite","full_name":"Mijalkov, Mite","last_name":"Mijalkov"},{"first_name":"Dániel","full_name":"Veréb, Dániel","last_name":"Veréb"},{"first_name":"Yu Wei","last_name":"Chang","full_name":"Chang, Yu Wei"},{"first_name":"Joana B.","full_name":"Pereira, Joana B.","last_name":"Pereira"},{"last_name":"Matuszewski","full_name":"Matuszewski, Damian","first_name":"Damian"},{"last_name":"Kylberg","full_name":"Kylberg, Gustaf","first_name":"Gustaf"},{"first_name":"Ida Maria","last_name":"Sintorn","full_name":"Sintorn, Ida Maria"},{"first_name":"Juan C.","full_name":"Caicedo, Juan C.","last_name":"Caicedo"},{"first_name":"Beth A.","full_name":"Cimini, Beth A.","last_name":"Cimini"},{"first_name":"Muyinatu A.","last_name":"Lediju Bell","full_name":"Lediju Bell, Muyinatu A."},{"full_name":"Saraiva, Bruno M.","last_name":"Saraiva","first_name":"Bruno M."},{"last_name":"Jacquemet","full_name":"Jacquemet, Guillaume","first_name":"Guillaume"},{"full_name":"Henriques, Ricardo","last_name":"Henriques","first_name":"Ricardo"},{"first_name":"Wei","full_name":"Ouyang, Wei","last_name":"Ouyang"},{"full_name":"Le, Trang","last_name":"Le","first_name":"Trang"},{"full_name":"Gómez-De-Mariscal, Estibaliz","last_name":"Gómez-De-Mariscal","first_name":"Estibaliz"},{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Sage, Daniel","last_name":"Sage"},{"last_name":"Muñoz-Barrutia","full_name":"Muñoz-Barrutia, Arrate","first_name":"Arrate"},{"first_name":"Ebba Josefson","full_name":"Lindqvist, Ebba Josefson","last_name":"Lindqvist"},{"full_name":"Bergman, Johanna","last_name":"Bergman","first_name":"Johanna"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","year":"2026","issue":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","OA_type":"gold","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"}],"month":"03","publisher":"IOP Publishing","volume":8,"article_processing_charge":"Yes","citation":{"apa":"Volpe, G., Wählby, C., Tian, L., Hecht, M., Yakimovich, A., Monakhova, K., … Bergman, J. (2026). Roadmap on deep learning for microscopy. Journal of Physics: Photonics. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ae0fd1","short":"G. Volpe, C. Wählby, L. Tian, M. Hecht, A. Yakimovich, K. Monakhova, L. Waller, I.F. Sbalzarini, C.A. Metzler, M. Xie, K. Zhang, I.C. Lenton, H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, D. Brunner, B. Bai, A. Ozcan, D. Midtvedt, H. Wang, T. Li, N. Sladoje, J. Lindblad, J.T. Smith, M. Ochoa, M. Barroso, X. Intes, T. Qiu, L.Y. Yu, S. You, Y. Liu, M.A. Ziatdinov, S.V. Kalinin, A. Sheridan, U. Manor, E. Nehme, O. Goldenberg, Y. Shechtman, H.K. Moberg, C. Langhammer, B. Špačková, S. Helgadottir, B. Midtvedt, A. Argun, T. Thalheim, F. Cichos, S. Bo, L. Hubatsch, J. Pineda, C. Manzo, H. Bachimanchi, E. Selander, A. Homs-Corbera, M. Fränzl, K. De Haan, Y. Rivenson, Z. Korczak, C.B. Adiels, M. Mijalkov, D. Veréb, Y.W. Chang, J.B. Pereira, D. Matuszewski, G. Kylberg, I.M. Sintorn, J.C. Caicedo, B.A. Cimini, M.A. Lediju Bell, B.M. Saraiva, G. Jacquemet, R. Henriques, W. Ouyang, T. Le, E. Gómez-De-Mariscal, D. Sage, A. Muñoz-Barrutia, E.J. Lindqvist, J. Bergman, Journal of Physics: Photonics 8 (2026).","ista":"Volpe G, Wählby C, Tian L, Hecht M, Yakimovich A, Monakhova K, Waller L, Sbalzarini IF, Metzler CA, Xie M, Zhang K, Lenton IC, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H, Brunner D, Bai B, Ozcan A, Midtvedt D, Wang H, Li T, Sladoje N, Lindblad J, Smith JT, Ochoa M, Barroso M, Intes X, Qiu T, Yu LY, You S, Liu Y, Ziatdinov MA, Kalinin SV, Sheridan A, Manor U, Nehme E, Goldenberg O, Shechtman Y, Moberg HK, Langhammer C, Špačková B, Helgadottir S, Midtvedt B, Argun A, Thalheim T, Cichos F, Bo S, Hubatsch L, Pineda J, Manzo C, Bachimanchi H, Selander E, Homs-Corbera A, Fränzl M, De Haan K, Rivenson Y, Korczak Z, Adiels CB, Mijalkov M, Veréb D, Chang YW, Pereira JB, Matuszewski D, Kylberg G, Sintorn IM, Caicedo JC, Cimini BA, Lediju Bell MA, Saraiva BM, Jacquemet G, Henriques R, Ouyang W, Le T, Gómez-De-Mariscal E, Sage D, Muñoz-Barrutia A, Lindqvist EJ, Bergman J. 2026. Roadmap on deep learning for microscopy. Journal of Physics: Photonics. 8(1), 012501.","ama":"Volpe G, Wählby C, Tian L, et al. Roadmap on deep learning for microscopy. Journal of Physics: Photonics. 2026;8(1). doi:10.1088/2515-7647/ae0fd1","mla":"Volpe, Giovanni, et al. “Roadmap on Deep Learning for Microscopy.” Journal of Physics: Photonics, vol. 8, no. 1, 012501, IOP Publishing, 2026, doi:10.1088/2515-7647/ae0fd1.","chicago":"Volpe, Giovanni, Carolina Wählby, Lei Tian, Michael Hecht, Artur Yakimovich, Kristina Monakhova, Laura Waller, et al. “Roadmap on Deep Learning for Microscopy.” Journal of Physics: Photonics. IOP Publishing, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ae0fd1.","ieee":"G. Volpe et al., “Roadmap on deep learning for microscopy,” Journal of Physics: Photonics, vol. 8, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2026."},"date_created":"2026-03-01T23:01:39Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2303.03793"]},"article_type":"original","_id":"21370","intvolume":" 8","DOAJ_listed":"1","title":"Roadmap on deep learning for microscopy","oa":1,"status":"public","arxiv":1,"file_date_updated":"2026-03-02T09:05:53Z"},{"month":"03","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"OA_type":"hybrid","has_accepted_license":"1","issue":"8106","oa_version":"Published Version","year":"2026","acknowledgement":"This project has received support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 949120) and from the Marie Skłodowska-Curie programme (grant agreement no. 754411). We acknowledge the state of Lower Austria and the European Regional Development Fund under grant no. WST3-F-542638/004-2021. N.M. acknowledges support from grant Fondecyt 1221597. G.G. is a Serra Húnter fellow. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing facility and Lab Support Facility. We thank the Modic group for the use of the Laue camera, T. Zauner for the photography of the experimental set-up and R. Möller for insightful discussions. Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).","author":[{"full_name":"Grosjean, Galien M","last_name":"Grosjean","id":"0C5FDA4A-9CF6-11E9-8939-FF05E6697425","orcid":"0000-0001-5154-417X","first_name":"Galien M"},{"last_name":"Ostermann","full_name":"Ostermann, Markus","first_name":"Markus"},{"first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Sauer","full_name":"Sauer, Markus"},{"full_name":"Hahn, Michael","last_name":"Hahn","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Christian M.","full_name":"Pichler, Christian M.","last_name":"Pichler"},{"first_name":"Florian","full_name":"Fahrnberger, Florian","last_name":"Fahrnberger"},{"first_name":"Felix","orcid":"0000-0003-0463-5794","last_name":"Pertl","id":"6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af","full_name":"Pertl, Felix"},{"first_name":"Daniel","orcid":"0000-0001-7597-043X","last_name":"Balazs","id":"302BADF6-85FC-11EA-9E3B-B9493DDC885E","full_name":"Balazs, Daniel"},{"last_name":"Link","full_name":"Link, Mason M.","first_name":"Mason M."},{"last_name":"Kim","full_name":"Kim, Seong H.","first_name":"Seong H."},{"first_name":"Devin L.","full_name":"Schrader, Devin L.","last_name":"Schrader"},{"first_name":"Adriana","last_name":"Blanco","full_name":"Blanco, Adriana"},{"first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"Gracia","full_name":"Gracia, Francisco"},{"full_name":"Mujica, Nicolás","last_name":"Mujica","first_name":"Nicolás"},{"first_name":"Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Waitukaitis"}],"date_updated":"2026-04-28T12:06:01Z","ddc":["540"],"file_date_updated":"2026-03-24T06:57:08Z","pmid":1,"status":"public","oa":1,"intvolume":" 651","title":"Adventitious carbon breaks symmetry in oxide contact electrification","_id":"21485","article_type":"original","external_id":{"pmid":["41851325"]},"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","citation":{"ieee":"G. M. Grosjean et al., “Adventitious carbon breaks symmetry in oxide contact electrification,” Nature, vol. 651, no. 8106. Springer Nature, pp. 626–631, 2026.","chicago":"Grosjean, Galien M, Markus Ostermann, Markus Sauer, Michael Hahn, Christian M. Pichler, Florian Fahrnberger, Felix Pertl, et al. “Adventitious Carbon Breaks Symmetry in Oxide Contact Electrification.” Nature. Springer Nature, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w.","ista":"Grosjean GM, Ostermann M, Sauer M, Hahn M, Pichler CM, Fahrnberger F, Pertl F, Balazs D, Link MM, Kim SH, Schrader DL, Blanco A, Gracia F, Mujica N, Waitukaitis SR. 2026. Adventitious carbon breaks symmetry in oxide contact electrification. Nature. 651(8106), 626–631.","ama":"Grosjean GM, Ostermann M, Sauer M, et al. Adventitious carbon breaks symmetry in oxide contact electrification. Nature. 2026;651(8106):626-631. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w","mla":"Grosjean, Galien M., et al. “Adventitious Carbon Breaks Symmetry in Oxide Contact Electrification.” Nature, vol. 651, no. 8106, Springer Nature, 2026, pp. 626–31, doi:10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w.","short":"G.M. Grosjean, M. Ostermann, M. Sauer, M. Hahn, C.M. Pichler, F. Fahrnberger, F. Pertl, D. Balazs, M.M. Link, S.H. Kim, D.L. Schrader, A. Blanco, F. Gracia, N. Mujica, S.R. Waitukaitis, Nature 651 (2026) 626–631.","apa":"Grosjean, G. M., Ostermann, M., Sauer, M., Hahn, M., Pichler, C. M., Fahrnberger, F., … Waitukaitis, S. R. (2026). Adventitious carbon breaks symmetry in oxide contact electrification. Nature. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w"},"date_created":"2026-03-23T15:04:00Z","volume":651,"publisher":"Springer Nature","publication_status":"published","type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w","publication":"Nature","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"press_release","description":"News on ISTA website","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/colliding-dust-and-the-sparks-of-creation/"}]},"corr_author":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w","ec_funded":1,"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","grant_number":"949120","_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa"},{"_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"754411","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836"],"eissn":["1476-4687"]},"page":"626-631","date_published":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","file":[{"creator":"dernst","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":12245694,"file_name":"2026_Nature_Grosjean.pdf","relation":"main_file","file_id":"21494","access_level":"open_access","checksum":"dafef9ed575b44be4263e948a47ae056","date_created":"2026-03-24T06:57:08Z","date_updated":"2026-03-24T06:57:08Z"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Insulating oxides are among the most abundant solid materials in the universe1,2,3. Of the many ways in which they influence natural phenomena, perhaps the most consequential is their capacity to transfer electrical charge during contact4,5,6,7,8,9,10—which occurs even between samples of the same oxide—yet the symmetry-breaking parameter that causes this remains unidentified11,12. Here we show that adventitious carbonaceous molecules adsorbed from the environment are the symmetry-breaking factor in same-material oxide contact electrification (CE). We use acoustic levitation to measure charge exchange between a sphere and a plate composed of identical amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2). Although charging polarity is random for co-prepared samples, we control it with baking or plasma treatment. Observing the charge-exchange relaxation afterwards, we see dynamics over a timescale of hours and connect this directly to the presence of adventitious carbon with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, low-energy ion scattering and infrared spectroscopy. Going further, we confirm that adventitious carbon can even determine charge exchange among different oxides. Our results identify the symmetry-breaking parameter that causes insulating oxides to exchange charge in settings ranging from desert sands4 to volcanic plumes5,6, while simultaneously highlighting an overlooked factor in CE more broadly."}],"OA_place":"publisher","day":"18"},{"status":"public","title":"Particle size scaling of non-Gaussian granular charge distributions","intvolume":" 10","_id":"21765","article_type":"original","publisher":"American Physical Society","article_processing_charge":"No","volume":10,"date_created":"2026-04-26T22:01:47Z","citation":{"ieee":"M. Lara, M. Flores, G. Castillo, S. Tassara, S. R. Waitukaitis, and N. Mujica, “Particle size scaling of non-Gaussian granular charge distributions,” Physical Review Materials, vol. 10, no. 4. American Physical Society, 2026.","chicago":"Lara, Macarena, Marcos Flores, Gustavo Castillo, Santiago Tassara, Scott R Waitukaitis, and Nicolás Mujica. “Particle Size Scaling of Non-Gaussian Granular Charge Distributions.” Physical Review Materials. American Physical Society, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1103/qw6t-xqdw.","mla":"Lara, Macarena, et al. “Particle Size Scaling of Non-Gaussian Granular Charge Distributions.” Physical Review Materials, vol. 10, no. 4, 045604, American Physical Society, 2026, doi:10.1103/qw6t-xqdw.","ista":"Lara M, Flores M, Castillo G, Tassara S, Waitukaitis SR, Mujica N. 2026. Particle size scaling of non-Gaussian granular charge distributions. Physical Review Materials. 10(4), 045604.","ama":"Lara M, Flores M, Castillo G, Tassara S, Waitukaitis SR, Mujica N. Particle size scaling of non-Gaussian granular charge distributions. Physical Review Materials. 2026;10(4). doi:10.1103/qw6t-xqdw","apa":"Lara, M., Flores, M., Castillo, G., Tassara, S., Waitukaitis, S. R., & Mujica, N. (2026). Particle size scaling of non-Gaussian granular charge distributions. Physical Review Materials. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/qw6t-xqdw","short":"M. Lara, M. Flores, G. Castillo, S. Tassara, S.R. Waitukaitis, N. Mujica, Physical Review Materials 10 (2026)."},"department":[{"_id":"ScWa"}],"month":"04","issue":"4","OA_type":"closed access","author":[{"last_name":"Lara","full_name":"Lara, Macarena","first_name":"Macarena"},{"first_name":"Marcos","last_name":"Flores","full_name":"Flores, Marcos"},{"full_name":"Castillo, Gustavo","last_name":"Castillo","first_name":"Gustavo"},{"last_name":"Tassara","full_name":"Tassara, Santiago","first_name":"Santiago"},{"full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Waitukaitis","first_name":"Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176"},{"last_name":"Mujica","full_name":"Mujica, Nicolás","first_name":"Nicolás"}],"acknowledgement":"This research was supported by ANID Grants QUIMAL No. 160001, FONDECYT No. 1221597, and FONDEQUIP No. EQM190177. The authors thank Rodrigo Espinoza for the EDS-SEM measurements and Domingo Jullian for fruitful discussions. We also acknowledge the technical assistance of Ricardo Silva and Andrés Espinosa at DFI, FCFM, Universidad de Chile.","year":"2026","oa_version":"None","article_number":"045604","date_updated":"2026-04-28T07:13:56Z","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/qw6t-xqdw","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2475-9953"]},"date_published":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","day":"01","abstract":[{"text":"Dielectric particles of the same material exchange electrical charge during collisions or sliding contacts, yet the underlying charge-exchange mechanism is still not understood. The fact that particles can become highly charged as a result of this effect has significant consequences for many settings, both in nature and industry, such as thunderstorms, volcanic eruptions, particle aggregation during meteorite and planet formation, and the clogging of industrial granular systems. Toward understanding these systems, great efforts have been made to develop precise in situ measurements for particle charge, e.g., to determine ensemble charge distributions or measure exchange during individual contacts. Here, we present experimental results concerning the particle size scaling of the stationary-state charge distributions of oxide particles in the sub-millimeter range. We measure the charge distributions for large ensembles of monodisperse ZrO2:SiO2 composite spheres, ranging from 172 to 545µ⁢m in diameter. These distributions are non-Gaussian and collapse to a single master curve when plotted as functions of the surface charge density Σ=𝑞/4⁢𝜋⁢𝑅2. X-ray fluorescence and atomic force microscopy measurements show that the differences in the measured charge distributions are not due to variations in chemical composition or surface roughness, but rather to size alone. Our findings provide constraints on microscopic models for charge exchange, namely that they should lead to steady-state distributions that are non-Gaussian and scale in a specific way with particle size.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1103/qw6t-xqdw","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication":"Physical Review Materials","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/hylm-ljlf","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2470-0053"],"issn":["2470-0045"]},"date_published":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","file":[{"file_id":"22332","access_level":"open_access","checksum":"f029efcf6dd51e10e3bc7623b5365da6","date_created":"2026-07-14T06:58:35Z","date_updated":"2026-07-14T06:58:35Z","creator":"dernst","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1836050,"file_name":"2026_PhysicalReviewE_Musacchio.pdf","relation":"main_file"}],"supplementarymaterial":"no","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We investigate magnetic active matter in confined geometries using both experiments with magnetic toy robots, Hexbugs, and simulations of elongated magnetic active Brownian particles in circular domains. Standard active particles tend to accumulate at boundaries, forming clusters even at relatively low densities. In the presence of magnetic interactions, we provide evidence for a effect that inhibits clustering and shifts its onset to higher packing fractions. Moreover, magnetic dipolar interactions give rise to collective behaviors such as train-like formations, rotating pairs, and rotating clusters."}],"OA_place":"publisher","day":"18","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","PlanS_conform":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1103/hylm-ljlf","publication":"Physical Review E","researchdata_availability":"no","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"file_date_updated":"2026-07-14T06:58:35Z","arxiv":1,"status":"public","oa":1,"intvolume":" 113","title":"Fluidization induced by magnetic interactions in confined active matter","_id":"22307","article_type":"original","external_id":{"arxiv":["2511.21472"]},"date_created":"2026-07-13T10:53:06Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","citation":{"ieee":"M. Musacchio, M. Felber, M. Paoluzzi, A. Gnoli, A. Puglisi, and L. Angelani, “Fluidization induced by magnetic interactions in confined active matter,” Physical Review E, vol. 113, no. 5. American Physical Society, 2026.","chicago":"Musacchio, Marco, Markus Felber, Matteo Paoluzzi, Andrea Gnoli, Andrea Puglisi, and Luca Angelani. “Fluidization Induced by Magnetic Interactions in Confined Active Matter.” Physical Review E. American Physical Society, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1103/hylm-ljlf.","ista":"Musacchio M, Felber M, Paoluzzi M, Gnoli A, Puglisi A, Angelani L. 2026. Fluidization induced by magnetic interactions in confined active matter. Physical Review E. 113(5), 055413.","mla":"Musacchio, Marco, et al. “Fluidization Induced by Magnetic Interactions in Confined Active Matter.” Physical Review E, vol. 113, no. 5, 055413, American Physical Society, 2026, doi:10.1103/hylm-ljlf.","ama":"Musacchio M, Felber M, Paoluzzi M, Gnoli A, Puglisi A, Angelani L. Fluidization induced by magnetic interactions in confined active matter. Physical Review E. 2026;113(5). doi:10.1103/hylm-ljlf","short":"M. Musacchio, M. Felber, M. Paoluzzi, A. Gnoli, A. Puglisi, L. Angelani, Physical Review E 113 (2026).","apa":"Musacchio, M., Felber, M., Paoluzzi, M., Gnoli, A., Puglisi, A., & Angelani, L. (2026). Fluidization induced by magnetic interactions in confined active matter. Physical Review E. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/hylm-ljlf"},"volume":113,"publisher":"American Physical Society","month":"05","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"dataavailabilitystatement":"The data that support the findings of this article are not\r\npublicly available upon publication because it is not technically\r\nfeasible and/or the cost of preparing, depositing, and\r\nhosting the data would be prohibitive within the terms of this\r\nresearch project. The data are available from the authors upon\r\nreasonable request.","OA_type":"hybrid","has_accepted_license":"1","issue":"5","oa_version":"Published Version","year":"2026","acknowledgement":"The authors acknowledge discussions with Lorenzo\r\nCaprini. A.G., M.P., and A.P. acknowledge funding from the\r\nItalianMinistero dell’Università e della Ricerca under the program\r\nPRIN 2022 (“Re-ranking of the final lists”), Grants No.\r\n2022KWTEB7 with CUP No. B53C24006470006. L.A. acknowledges\r\nfunding from the ItalianMinistero dell’Università\r\ne della Ricerca under the program PRIN 2020, Grant No.\r\n2020PFCXPE.","author":[{"last_name":"Musacchio","full_name":"Musacchio, Marco","first_name":"Marco"},{"id":"c12d7e3a-4e8f-11ef-ad48-ffba54b8aa10","last_name":"Felber","full_name":"Felber, Markus","first_name":"Markus"},{"first_name":"Matteo","last_name":"Paoluzzi","full_name":"Paoluzzi, Matteo"},{"first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Gnoli, Andrea","last_name":"Gnoli"},{"full_name":"Puglisi, Andrea","last_name":"Puglisi","first_name":"Andrea"},{"first_name":"Luca","full_name":"Angelani, Luca","last_name":"Angelani"}],"article_number":"055413","date_updated":"2026-07-14T07:00:17Z","ddc":["530"]},{"publication":"Angewandte Chemie","language":[{"iso":"ger"}],"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"researchdata_availability":"upon request","das_tickbox":"1","type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"epub_ahead","doi":"10.1002/ange.5487708","scopus_import":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","supplementarymaterial":"yes","date_published":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","day":"26","OA_place":"publisher","abstract":[{"text":"Kontaktelektrifizierung tritt allgegenwärtig in der Natur auf, doch die Identität der Ladungsträger bleibt in den meisten Fällen unklar, mit Elektronen, Ionen oder nanoskopischen Materialfragmenten als mögliche Kandidaten. Ein Material, bei dem die übertragene Spezies mehr gewiss erscheint, sind Ionomere, d. h. Polymere mit mobilen Ionen, deren Ladung durch fest gebundene Gegenladungen ausgeglichen wird. Wenn Ionomere mit einer neutralen Oberfläche in Kontakt kommen, lädt sich diese mit dem Vorzeichen der mobilen Ionen auf, was stark auf Ionentransfer hindeutet. Der zugrundeliegende Mechanismus sowie die bestimmenden Einflussfaktoren dieses Transfers sind jedoch bislang nur unzureichend verstanden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit zeigen wir, dass die Bindungsaffinität zwischen den mobilen Ionen und dem Ionomer den Ladungstransfer maßgeblich bestimmt. Wir untersuchen Ionomere mit gebundenen Anionen und Kationen und erzeugen mittels Ionenaustausch Proben mit einer Reihe unterschiedlicher übertragbarer Ionen. Für das anionische Ionomer beobachten wir eine starke Abhängigkeit von der Bindungsaffinität, wobei mobile Kationen mit der höchsten Affinität am wenigsten Ladung übertragen. Eine schwächere, aber trotzdem klare Abhängigkeit wurde für das kationische Ionomer gemessen, welches der freien Hydratationsenergie der mobilen Anionen folgt. Mithilfe von optischer Emissionsspektroskopie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma (ICP‐OES) bestätigen wir den Transfer von mobilen Ionen auf die Oberfläche der Gegenprobe. Unsere Ergebnisse bestätigen die Ladungsträgeridentität und den Mechanismus des Ladungstransfers bei ionomerischen Materialien, was auch für das allgemeine Verständnis von Kontaktelektrifizierung von Bedeutung sein könnte.","lang":"eng"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"corr_author":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.5487708","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0044-8249"],"eissn":["1521-3757"]},"acknowledgement":"Diese Forschung wurde durch die Scientific Service Units (SSU) des IST Austria unterstützt, durch Nutzung von Ressourcen der Lab Support Facility (LSF).\r\nOpen Access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","author":[{"first_name":"John R","id":"0cf4072c-94e2-11ee-bdf9-90a13138901e","last_name":"Hoffman Jr","full_name":"Hoffman Jr, John R"},{"full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","last_name":"Freunberger","first_name":"Stefan Alexander","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","first_name":"Scott R","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Waitukaitis","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R"}],"year":"2026","oa_version":"Published Version","ddc":["540"],"date_updated":"2026-07-29T11:00:05Z","article_number":"e5487708","dataavailabilitystatement":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","department":[{"_id":"StFr"},{"_id":"ScWa"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.5487708"}],"month":"07","has_accepted_license":"1","OA_type":"hybrid","article_type":"original","_id":"22601","publisher":"Wiley","citation":{"ieee":"J. R. Hoffman Jr, S. A. Freunberger, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Ionentransfer während der Ionomer Kontaktelektrifizierung: Bindungsaffinität steuert Aufladung,” Angewandte Chemie. Wiley, 2026.","chicago":"Hoffman Jr, John R, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Ionentransfer während der Ionomer Kontaktelektrifizierung: Bindungsaffinität steuert Aufladung.” Angewandte Chemie. Wiley, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.5487708.","mla":"Hoffman Jr, John R., et al. “Ionentransfer während der Ionomer Kontaktelektrifizierung: Bindungsaffinität steuert Aufladung.” Angewandte Chemie, e5487708, Wiley, 2026, doi:10.1002/ange.5487708.","ista":"Hoffman Jr JR, Freunberger SA, Waitukaitis SR. 2026. Ionentransfer während der Ionomer Kontaktelektrifizierung: Bindungsaffinität steuert Aufladung. Angewandte Chemie., e5487708.","ama":"Hoffman Jr JR, Freunberger SA, Waitukaitis SR. Ionentransfer während der Ionomer Kontaktelektrifizierung: Bindungsaffinität steuert Aufladung. Angewandte Chemie. 2026. doi:10.1002/ange.5487708","apa":"Hoffman Jr, J. R., Freunberger, S. A., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2026). Ionentransfer während der Ionomer Kontaktelektrifizierung: Bindungsaffinität steuert Aufladung. Angewandte Chemie. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.5487708","short":"J.R. Hoffman Jr, S.A. Freunberger, S.R. Waitukaitis, Angewandte Chemie (2026)."},"article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2026-07-28T18:03:20Z","status":"public","title":"Ionentransfer während der Ionomer Kontaktelektrifizierung: Bindungsaffinität steuert Aufladung","oa":1},{"researchdata_availability":"upon request","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"publication":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1002/anie.5487708","publication_status":"epub_ahead","quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","das_tickbox":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Contact electrification occurs ubiquitously in nature, but the identity of charge carriers in most situations remains uncertain, with electrons, ions, or nanoscopic material fragments as viable candidates. One material where the species transferred seems more certain is ionomers, i.e., polymers that contain mobile ions balanced by fixed counter‐charges. When ionomers touch a neutral surface, the latter becomes charged in the sign of the mobile ion, strongly suggesting ion transfer. However, the mechanism and governing factors of transfer remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that binding affinity between mobile ion and ionomer controls charge transfer with ionomers. We use ionomers with fixed anions and cations and perform ion exchange to create samples with a series of transferrable ions. We observe a strong binding‐affinity dependence for the anionic ionomer, such that mobile cations with the highest affinity transfers the least charge. Weaker, yet clear dependence was measured for the cationic ionomer, which follows the hydration free energy of the mobile anion. Using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES), we confirm transfer of the mobile ions to the counter sample's surface. Our results confirm the identify and mechanism of charge transfer with ionomeric materials, with potential implications for contact electrification more broadly.","lang":"eng"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"OA_place":"publisher","day":"21","date_published":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","supplementarymaterial":"yes","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1521-3773"],"issn":["1433-7851"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.5487708","corr_author":"1","article_number":"e5487708","date_updated":"2026-07-29T11:25:58Z","ddc":["540"],"oa_version":"Published Version","year":"2026","author":[{"first_name":"John R","full_name":"Hoffman Jr, John R","id":"0cf4072c-94e2-11ee-bdf9-90a13138901e","last_name":"Hoffman Jr"},{"full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","last_name":"Freunberger","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","first_name":"Stefan Alexander"},{"id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Waitukaitis","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","first_name":"Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176"}],"acknowledgement":"This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of IST-Austria through resources provided by the Lab Support Facility (LSF).\r\nOpen Access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","OA_type":"hybrid","has_accepted_license":"1","month":"07","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.5487708"}],"department":[{"_id":"StFr"},{"_id":"ScWa"}],"dataavailabilitystatement":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","date_created":"2026-07-28T18:04:19Z","citation":{"ieee":"J. R. Hoffman Jr, S. A. Freunberger, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Ion transfer during ionomer contact electrification: Binding affinity controls charging,” Angewandte Chemie International Edition. Wiley, 2026.","chicago":"Hoffman Jr, John R, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Ion Transfer during Ionomer Contact Electrification: Binding Affinity Controls Charging.” Angewandte Chemie International Edition. Wiley, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.5487708.","mla":"Hoffman Jr, John R., et al. “Ion Transfer during Ionomer Contact Electrification: Binding Affinity Controls Charging.” Angewandte Chemie International Edition, e5487708, Wiley, 2026, doi:10.1002/anie.5487708.","ista":"Hoffman Jr JR, Freunberger SA, Waitukaitis SR. 2026. Ion transfer during ionomer contact electrification: Binding affinity controls charging. Angewandte Chemie International Edition., e5487708.","ama":"Hoffman Jr JR, Freunberger SA, Waitukaitis SR. Ion transfer during ionomer contact electrification: Binding affinity controls charging. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2026. doi:10.1002/anie.5487708","apa":"Hoffman Jr, J. R., Freunberger, S. A., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2026). Ion transfer during ionomer contact electrification: Binding affinity controls charging. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.5487708","short":"J.R. Hoffman Jr, S.A. Freunberger, S.R. Waitukaitis, Angewandte Chemie International Edition (2026)."},"publisher":"Wiley","_id":"22602","article_type":"original","external_id":{"pmid":["42478784"]},"oa":1,"title":"Ion transfer during ionomer contact electrification: Binding affinity controls charging","pmid":1,"status":"public"},{"file_date_updated":"2026-08-12T13:04:21Z","status":"public","title":"Experimental probing of nanoscale charge features and surface morphology changes during tribocharging","oa":1,"degree_awarded":"PhD","_id":"22684","citation":{"chicago":"Pertl, Felix. “Experimental Probing of Nanoscale Charge Features and Surface Morphology Changes during Tribocharging.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22684.","ieee":"F. Pertl, “Experimental probing of nanoscale charge features and surface morphology changes during tribocharging,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","short":"F. Pertl, Experimental Probing of Nanoscale Charge Features and Surface Morphology Changes during Tribocharging, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026.","apa":"Pertl, F. (2026). Experimental probing of nanoscale charge features and surface morphology changes during tribocharging. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22684","mla":"Pertl, Felix. Experimental Probing of Nanoscale Charge Features and Surface Morphology Changes during Tribocharging. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2026, doi:10.15479/AT-ISTA-22684.","ista":"Pertl F. 2026. Experimental probing of nanoscale charge features and surface morphology changes during tribocharging. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","ama":"Pertl F. Experimental probing of nanoscale charge features and surface morphology changes during tribocharging. 2026. doi:10.15479/AT-ISTA-22684"},"article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2026-08-12T09:44:40Z","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","month":"08","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"ScWa"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"oa_version":"Published Version","year":"2026","acknowledgement":"This project has received financing from the European Research Council grant agreement\r\nno. 949120 under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.\r\nThis research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of The Institute of Science\r\nand Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, the\r\nNanofabrication Facility, the Lab Support Facility, the Scientific Computing Facility and the\r\nElectron Microscopy Facility. We thank Florian Stumpf from Park Systems for useful discussions\r\nand support with scanning probe microscopy. We thank Joaquin Garcia-Suarez and Guillaume\r\nAnciaux for the suggestion to look into the roughness power spectral density. We thank\r\nIrina-Malina Strugaru for help with testing the device for Young’s modulus measurements.\r\n","author":[{"first_name":"Felix","orcid":"0000-0003-0463-5794","full_name":"Pertl, Felix","id":"6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af","last_name":"Pertl"}],"date_updated":"2026-08-27T11:42:44Z","ddc":["530"],"supervisor":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","first_name":"Scott R","last_name":"Waitukaitis","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R"}],"corr_author":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-22684","ec_funded":1,"project":[{"_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa","grant_number":"949120","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663-337X"],"isbn":["978-3-99078-083-1"]},"page":"107","file":[{"checksum":"0a4f5a941c40b921447e72291d72bc6f","file_id":"22690","access_level":"closed","date_created":"2026-08-12T13:04:21Z","date_updated":"2026-08-12T13:04:21Z","creator":"fpertl","file_name":"2026_Pertl_Felix_Thesis.zip","relation":"source_file","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","file_size":31192621},{"file_id":"22691","access_level":"open_access","checksum":"ae60dcdb363222138886b2857643d4e3","date_created":"2026-08-12T13:04:21Z","date_updated":"2026-08-12T13:04:21Z","creator":"fpertl","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":27882509,"relation":"main_file","file_name":"2026_Pertl_Felix_Thesis.pdf"}],"date_published":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"EM-Fac"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Contact electrification (CE) is a simple yet elusive phenomenon that occurs when two materials come into contact and separate, leaving behind net electrical charge. Despite its ubiquity, the microscopic origin of CE remains unclear. In this thesis, we investigate CE from three complementary perspectives: developing a quantitative method to measure charge at the nanoscale, exploring the dynamic behavior of charge on insulating surfaces, and uncovering the role of mechanical history in forming a triboelectric series.\r\n\r\nIn the first part, we establish a rigorous framework for converting qualitative Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) voltage maps into quantitative charge density distributions. Using finite element method (FEM) simulations, we determine the point-spread function of the KPFM tip–sample geometry and demonstrate that the true surface charge can be reconstructed by numerical deconvolution. This procedure enables the recovery of both the magnitude and sign of charge density with high fidelity, resolving nanoscale features that are otherwise obscured. Applying the method to contact-charged SiO$_2$ surfaces, we show that existing analytical approximations, such as parallel plate or spherical models, can miscalculate charge magnitude by orders of magnitude. Our hybrid FEM/KPFM approach therefore provides a fast and general method to convert qualitative KPFM signals into quantitative charge data, enabling nanoscale charge mapping under realistic experimental conditions.\r\n\r\nIn the second part, we study the temporal stability of CE-induced charges and identify the key material factors that determine whether KPFM can capture meaningful charge patterns. Through time-resolved experiments combining a custom-built transfer system with both microscopic and macroscopic measurements, we demonstrate that only the best insulators, such as SiO$_2$, preserve CE charge long enough for stationary imaging. For less conductive polymers, such as PDMS, charge decays within the duration of a single KPFM scan due to bulk conduction. Using a simple capacitor-based model, we reproduce the observed decay dynamics and confirm that the transferred charge decays characteristic to the sample's bulk conductivity. Further, we always observe homogeneous charge transfer.\r\n\r\nIn the third part, we address the question: can we form a triboelectric series with identical materials? Using controlled repetitive contact experiments, we show that nominally identical materials can progressively order themselves into a triboelectric series, where surfaces with more contact history charge negatively relative to fresher ones. By constructing a minimal model based on this ``contact bias'', we replicate the evolution from random to ordered charging observed in experiments. Supporting surface analyses, including atomic force microscopy, reveal that repeated contact induces nanoscale morphological changes, suggesting a mechanism tightly coupled to mechanical strain. These results highlight the crucial role of surface history and nanoscale mechanics in dictating charge transfer, motivating further exploration of mechanisms such as mechanochemical bond cleavage and flexoelectric polarization."}],"day":"12","OA_place":"publisher","doi_confirm":"1","type":"dissertation","publication_status":"published","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-22684","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"20481","status":"public"},{"id":"12109","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"19278","status":"public"},{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"17373"}]}},{"oa":1,"intvolume":" 112","title":"Rolling at right angles: Magnetic anisotropy enables dual-anisotropic active matter","arxiv":1,"status":"public","file_date_updated":"2025-12-29T11:15:42Z","publisher":"American Physical Society","volume":112,"citation":{"ama":"Fitzgerald E, Clavaud C, Das D, Lenton IC, Waitukaitis SR. Rolling at right angles: Magnetic anisotropy enables dual-anisotropic active matter. Physical Review E. 2025;112(6). doi:10.1103/1ss8-31rb","ista":"Fitzgerald E, Clavaud C, Das D, Lenton IC, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. Rolling at right angles: Magnetic anisotropy enables dual-anisotropic active matter. Physical Review E. 112(6), 065418.","mla":"Fitzgerald, Eavan, et al. “Rolling at Right Angles: Magnetic Anisotropy Enables Dual-Anisotropic Active Matter.” Physical Review E, vol. 112, no. 6, 065418, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:10.1103/1ss8-31rb.","apa":"Fitzgerald, E., Clavaud, C., Das, D., Lenton, I. C., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). Rolling at right angles: Magnetic anisotropy enables dual-anisotropic active matter. Physical Review E. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/1ss8-31rb","short":"E. Fitzgerald, C. Clavaud, D. Das, I.C. Lenton, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review E 112 (2025).","ieee":"E. Fitzgerald, C. Clavaud, D. Das, I. C. Lenton, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Rolling at right angles: Magnetic anisotropy enables dual-anisotropic active matter,” Physical Review E, vol. 112, no. 6. American Physical Society, 2025.","chicago":"Fitzgerald, Eavan, Cécile Clavaud, Debasish Das, Isaac C Lenton, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Rolling at Right Angles: Magnetic Anisotropy Enables Dual-Anisotropic Active Matter.” Physical Review E. American Physical Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1103/1ss8-31rb."},"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","date_created":"2025-12-21T23:01:34Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2508.05643"]},"_id":"20847","article_type":"original","issue":"6","OA_type":"hybrid","has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"}],"month":"12","ddc":["530"],"article_number":"065418","date_updated":"2025-12-29T11:19:34Z","acknowledgement":"This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [Grant DOI: 10.55776/ESP298]. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant\r\nAgreement No. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing Facility, and Lab Support Facility. We wish to acknowledge the crucial contributions of Alexandre Morin in getting the project off the ground, and Jack Merrin for creating the SU-8 deposition protocol used in the construction of our\r\ncells. We also wish to thank Kimberley Modic and Hamza Nasir for their work on single-particle characterization. ","author":[{"first_name":"Eavan","id":"2df8ab8f-080d-11ed-979a-bfe651ca3afa","last_name":"Fitzgerald","full_name":"Fitzgerald, Eavan"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-1843-3803","first_name":"Cécile","full_name":"Clavaud, Cécile","id":"5f654c5d-04a1-11eb-ab36-ba9ffec58bd8","last_name":"Clavaud"},{"full_name":"Das, Debasish","last_name":"Das","first_name":"Debasish"},{"id":"a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb","last_name":"Lenton","full_name":"Lenton, Isaac C","first_name":"Isaac C","orcid":"0000-0002-5010-6984"},{"id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Waitukaitis","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","first_name":"Scott R"}],"year":"2025","oa_version":"Published Version","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2470-0045"],"eissn":["2470-0053"]},"project":[{"_id":"bd8eede5-d553-11ed-ba76-eaded0d13485","grant_number":"E 298","name":"MixQUIckR: Mixing with QUIncke Rollers"},{"grant_number":"949120","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/1ss8-31rb","corr_author":"1","ec_funded":1,"OA_place":"publisher","day":"01","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"abstract":[{"text":"We report on an experimental active matter system with motion restricted to four cardinal directions. Our particles are magnetite-doped colloidal spheres driven by the Quincke electrorotational instability. The absence of a magnetic field (|𝑩|=0) leads to circular trajectories interspersed with short spontaneous runs. Intermediate fields (|𝑩|≲20mT) linearize the motion along the axis perpendicular to 𝑩. At high magnetic fields, we observe the surprising emergence of a second, distinct linearization along the axis parallel to 𝑩. With numerical simulations, we show that this behavior can be explained by anisotropic magnetic susceptibility.","lang":"eng"}],"file":[{"creator":"dernst","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":2131491,"relation":"main_file","file_name":"2025_PhysReviewE_Fitzgerald.pdf","file_id":"20862","access_level":"open_access","checksum":"d593e933f976c3f3cde37ad66539d57d","date_created":"2025-12-29T11:15:42Z","date_updated":"2025-12-29T11:15:42Z"}],"date_published":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1103/1ss8-31rb","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","PlanS_conform":"1","publication_status":"published","type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"publication":"Physical Review E"},{"project":[{"_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa","grant_number":"949120","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2196-7350"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500521","ec_funded":1,"corr_author":"1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) is a powerful technique for macroscopic imaging of the electrostatic potential above a surface. Though most often used to image work-function variations of conductive surfaces, it can also be used to probe the surface charge on insulating surfaces. In both cases, relating the measured potential to the underlying signal is non-trivial. Here, general relationships are derived between the measured SKPM voltage and the underlying source, revealing either can be cast as a convolution with an appropriately scaled point spread function (PSF). For charge that exists on a thin insulating layer above a conductor, the PSF has the same shape as what would occur from a work-function variation alone, differing by a simple scaling factor. This relationship is confirmed by: (1) backing it out from finite-element simulations of work-function and charge signals, and (2) experimentally comparing the measured PSF from a small work-function target to that from a small charge spot. This scaling factor is further validated by comparing SKPM charge measurements with Faraday cup measurements for highly charged samples from contact-charging experiments. These results highlight a heretofore unappreciated connection between SKPM voltage and charge signals, offering a rigorous recipe to extract either from experimental data.","lang":"eng"}],"day":"01","OA_place":"publisher","file":[{"relation":"main_file","file_name":"2025_AdvMaterialsInterfaces_Lenton.pdf","file_size":1830117,"content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2025-12-30T09:31:11Z","date_created":"2025-12-30T09:31:11Z","checksum":"906fcc7733be8ce8a83600427b82cd5a","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"20908"}],"date_published":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","doi":"10.1002/admi.202500521","scopus_import":"1","type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","PlanS_conform":"1","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Advanced Materials Interfaces","DOAJ_listed":"1","title":"A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy","intvolume":" 12","oa":1,"file_date_updated":"2025-12-30T09:31:11Z","status":"public","arxiv":1,"volume":12,"article_processing_charge":"Yes","citation":{"apa":"Lenton, I. C., Pertl, F., Shafeek, L. B., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. Advanced Materials Interfaces. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500521","short":"I.C. Lenton, F. Pertl, L.B. Shafeek, S.R. Waitukaitis, Advanced Materials Interfaces 12 (2025).","ama":"Lenton IC, Pertl F, Shafeek LB, Waitukaitis SR. A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. Advanced Materials Interfaces. 2025;12(19). doi:10.1002/admi.202500521","mla":"Lenton, Isaac C., et al. “A Duality between Surface Charge and Work Function in Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy.” Advanced Materials Interfaces, vol. 12, no. 19, e00521, Wiley, 2025, doi:10.1002/admi.202500521.","ista":"Lenton IC, Pertl F, Shafeek LB, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. Advanced Materials Interfaces. 12(19), e00521.","chicago":"Lenton, Isaac C, Felix Pertl, Lubuna B Shafeek, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “A Duality between Surface Charge and Work Function in Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy.” Advanced Materials Interfaces. Wiley, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202500521.","ieee":"I. C. Lenton, F. Pertl, L. B. Shafeek, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “A duality between surface charge and work function in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy,” Advanced Materials Interfaces, vol. 12, no. 19. Wiley, 2025."},"date_created":"2025-09-07T22:01:33Z","publisher":"Wiley","article_type":"original","_id":"20295","external_id":{"arxiv":["2506.07187"],"isi":["001560163400001"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","OA_type":"gold","issue":"19","month":"10","isi":1,"department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"date_updated":"2025-12-30T09:31:25Z","article_number":"e00521","ddc":["530"],"oa_version":"Published Version","year":"2025","author":[{"full_name":"Lenton, Isaac C","id":"a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb","last_name":"Lenton","first_name":"Isaac C","orcid":"0000-0002-5010-6984"},{"last_name":"Pertl","id":"6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af","full_name":"Pertl, Felix","first_name":"Felix","orcid":"0000-0003-0463-5794"},{"last_name":"Shafeek","id":"3CD37A82-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Shafeek, Lubuna B","orcid":"0000-0001-7180-6050","first_name":"Lubuna B"},{"last_name":"Waitukaitis","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","first_name":"Scott R"}],"acknowledgement":"This project received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing Facility, and Lab Support Facility. The authors wish to thank Dmytro Rak and Juan Carlos Sobarzo for letting us use their equipment. The authors wish to thank Evgeniia Volobueva for advice in preparing PFIB samples. The authors wish to thank the contributions of the whole Waitukaitis group for useful discussions and feedback."},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Includes all data and Python code needed to reproduce figures for the publication: No Time for Surface Charge: How Bulk Conductivity Hides Charge Patterns from Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Contact-Electrified Surfaces."}],"day":"18","OA_place":"repository","date_published":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","project":[{"name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","grant_number":"949120","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa"}],"corr_author":"1","ec_funded":1,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14888054","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"20481","relation":"used_in_publication"}]},"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.14888054","type":"research_data_reference","article_processing_charge":"No","citation":{"ieee":"F. Pertl, “No Time for Surface Charge: How Bulk Conductivity Hides Charge Patterns from Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Contact-Electrified Surfaces.” Zenodo, 2025.","chicago":"Pertl, Felix. “No Time for Surface Charge: How Bulk Conductivity Hides Charge Patterns from Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Contact-Electrified Surfaces.” Zenodo, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14888054.","ista":"Pertl F. 2025. No Time for Surface Charge: How Bulk Conductivity Hides Charge Patterns from Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Contact-Electrified Surfaces, Zenodo, 10.5281/ZENODO.14888054.","mla":"Pertl, Felix. No Time for Surface Charge: How Bulk Conductivity Hides Charge Patterns from Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Contact-Electrified Surfaces. Zenodo, 2025, doi:10.5281/ZENODO.14888054.","ama":"Pertl F. No Time for Surface Charge: How Bulk Conductivity Hides Charge Patterns from Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Contact-Electrified Surfaces. 2025. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.14888054","apa":"Pertl, F. (2025). No Time for Surface Charge: How Bulk Conductivity Hides Charge Patterns from Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Contact-Electrified Surfaces. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14888054","short":"F. Pertl, (2025)."},"date_created":"2025-10-23T09:34:58Z","publisher":"Zenodo","_id":"20523","title":"No Time for Surface Charge: How Bulk Conductivity Hides Charge Patterns from Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Contact-Electrified Surfaces","oa":1,"status":"public","date_updated":"2025-12-01T14:57:52Z","ddc":["530"],"oa_version":"Published Version","year":"2025","author":[{"id":"6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af","last_name":"Pertl","full_name":"Pertl, Felix","first_name":"Felix","orcid":"0000-0003-0463-5794"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","OA_type":"green","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14888054","open_access":"1"}],"month":"02","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"}]},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/trapping-particles-to-explain-lightning/","description":"News on ISTA website","relation":"press_release"}]},"publication":"Physical Review Letters","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1103/5xd9-4tjj","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","PlanS_conform":"1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Optical tweezers are widely used as a highly sensitive tool to measure forces on micron-scale particles. One such application is the measurement of the electric charge of a particle, which can be done with high precision in liquids, air, or vacuum. We experimentally investigate how the trapping laser itself can electrically charge such a particle, in our case a ∼1  μ⁢m SiO2 sphere in air. We model the charging mechanism as a two-photon process which reproduces the experimental data with high fidelity.","lang":"eng"}],"OA_place":"publisher","day":"21","file":[{"file_id":"20717","access_level":"open_access","checksum":"a5f76b1230cc7b039ecd0dbd6f99e775","date_created":"2025-12-01T08:19:46Z","date_updated":"2025-12-01T08:19:46Z","creator":"dernst","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1761373,"file_name":"2025_PhysReviewLetters_Stoellner.pdf","relation":"main_file"}],"date_published":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","project":[{"_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","grant_number":"949120","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"805041","name":"Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate","_id":"629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0031-9007"],"eissn":["1079-7114"]},"ec_funded":1,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/5xd9-4tjj","corr_author":"1","article_number":"218202","date_updated":"2026-04-28T13:09:27Z","ddc":["530","550"],"year":"2025","oa_version":"Published Version","author":[{"id":"4bdcf7f6-eb97-11eb-a6c2-9981bbdc3bed","last_name":"Stöllner","full_name":"Stöllner, Andrea","first_name":"Andrea","orcid":"0000-0002-0464-8440"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-5010-6984","first_name":"Isaac C","full_name":"Lenton, Isaac C","last_name":"Lenton","id":"a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb"},{"first_name":"Artem","orcid":"0000-0003-0393-5525","id":"37D278BC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Volosniev","full_name":"Volosniev, Artem"},{"first_name":"James","full_name":"Millen, James","last_name":"Millen"},{"first_name":"Renjiro","full_name":"Shibuya, Renjiro","last_name":"Shibuya"},{"last_name":"Ishii","full_name":"Ishii, Hisao","first_name":"Hisao"},{"first_name":"Dmytro","full_name":"Rak, Dmytro","last_name":"Rak","id":"70313b46-47c2-11ec-9e88-cd79101918fe"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-7183-5203","first_name":"Zhanybek","id":"45E67A2A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Alpichshev","full_name":"Alpichshev, Zhanybek"},{"first_name":"Grégory","full_name":"David, Grégory","last_name":"David"},{"first_name":"Ruth","full_name":"Signorell, Ruth","last_name":"Signorell"},{"full_name":"Muller, Caroline J","id":"f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b","last_name":"Muller","orcid":"0000-0001-5836-5350","first_name":"Caroline J"},{"first_name":"Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","last_name":"Waitukaitis","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank Todor Asenov and Abdulhamid Baghdadi for their outstanding technical support and Dr. Michael Gleichweit and Mercede Azizbaig Mohajer for the helpful discussions. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreements No. 949120 and No. 805041) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF, Project No. 200021-236446). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop and the Scientific Computing service unit.","OA_type":"hybrid","has_accepted_license":"1","issue":"21","month":"11","department":[{"_id":"ZhAl"},{"_id":"CaMu"},{"_id":"ScWa"}],"volume":135,"citation":{"chicago":"Stöllner, Andrea, Isaac C Lenton, Artem Volosniev, James Millen, Renjiro Shibuya, Hisao Ishii, Dmytro Rak, et al. “Using Optical Tweezers to Simultaneously Trap, Charge, and Measure the Charge of a Microparticle in Air.” Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1103/5xd9-4tjj.","ieee":"A. Stöllner et al., “Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 135, no. 21. American Physical Society, 2025.","short":"A. Stöllner, I.C. Lenton, A. Volosniev, J. Millen, R. Shibuya, H. Ishii, D. Rak, Z. Alpichshev, G. David, R. Signorell, C.J. Muller, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review Letters 135 (2025).","apa":"Stöllner, A., Lenton, I. C., Volosniev, A., Millen, J., Shibuya, R., Ishii, H., … Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air. Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/5xd9-4tjj","mla":"Stöllner, Andrea, et al. “Using Optical Tweezers to Simultaneously Trap, Charge, and Measure the Charge of a Microparticle in Air.” Physical Review Letters, vol. 135, no. 21, 218202, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:10.1103/5xd9-4tjj.","ista":"Stöllner A, Lenton IC, Volosniev A, Millen J, Shibuya R, Ishii H, Rak D, Alpichshev Z, David G, Signorell R, Muller CJ, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air. Physical Review Letters. 135(21), 218202.","ama":"Stöllner A, Lenton IC, Volosniev A, et al. Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air. Physical Review Letters. 2025;135(21). doi:10.1103/5xd9-4tjj"},"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","date_created":"2025-11-30T23:02:07Z","publisher":"American Physical Society","_id":"20705","article_type":"original","external_id":{"arxiv":["2507.17591"]},"oa":1,"title":"Using optical tweezers to simultaneously trap, charge, and measure the charge of a microparticle in air","intvolume":" 135","file_date_updated":"2025-12-01T08:19:46Z","arxiv":1,"status":"public"},{"publication":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","related_material":{"link":[{"description":"News on ISTA website","relation":"press_release","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/science-is-like-magic-just-real/"}],"record":[{"status":"public","id":"20749","relation":"research_data"}]},"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2516865122","page":"e2516865122","date_published":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","file":[{"creator":"dernst","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":10621381,"file_name":"2025_PNAS_Shi.pdf","relation":"main_file","file_id":"20744","access_level":"open_access","checksum":"c40dc4c909724b9d1146636612e8821a","date_created":"2025-12-09T12:45:53Z","date_updated":"2025-12-09T12:45:53Z"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Acoustic levitation provides a unique method for manipulating small particles as it completely evades effects from gravity, container walls, or physical handling. These advantages make it a tantalizing platform for studying complex phenomena in many-particle systems. In most standing-wave traps, however, particles interact via acoustic scattering forces that cause them to merge into a single dense object. Here, we introduce a complementary approach that combines acoustic levitation with electrostatic charging to assemble, adapt, and activate complex, separated many-particle systems. The key idea is to superimpose electrostatic repulsion on the intrinsic acoustic attraction, rendering a so-called “mermaid” potential where interactions are attractive at short range and repulsive at long range. By controlling the attraction–repulsion balance, we can levitate expanded structures where all particles are separated, collapsed structures where they are in contact, and hybrid ones consisting of both expanded and collapsed components. We find that collapsed and expanded structures are inherently stable, whereas hybrid ones exhibit transient stability governed by acoustically unstable dimers. Furthermore, we show how electrostatics allow us to adapt between configurations on the fly, either by quasistatic discharge or discrete up/down charge steps. Finally, we demonstrate how large structures experience selective energy pumping from the acoustic field—thrusting some particles into motion while others remain stationary—leading to complex dynamics including coupled rotations and oscillations. Our approach establishes a design space beyond acoustic collapse, offering possibilities to study many-particle systems with complex interactions, while suggesting pathways toward scalable integration into materials processing and other applications.","lang":"eng"}],"OA_place":"publisher","day":"16","corr_author":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2516865122","project":[{"name":"Dynamically reconfigurable self-assembly with triangular DNA-origami bricks","grant_number":"FTI23-G-011","_id":"8dd93da8-16d5-11f0-9cad-d2c70200d9a5"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1091-6490"]},"year":"2025","oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledgement":"We thank Dustin Kleckner, Jack-William Barotta, and Daniel M. Harris for insightful discussions. We acknowledge the Miba machine shop at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria for instrumentation support. M.C.H. and C.P.G. acknowledge funding by the Gesellschaft für Forschungsförderung Niederösterreich under project FTI23-G-011.","author":[{"first_name":"Sue","full_name":"Shi, Sue","id":"5c5b9247-15b2-11ec-abd3-fd958715639c","last_name":"Shi"},{"last_name":"Hübl","id":"5eb8629e-15b2-11ec-abd3-e6f3e5e01f32","full_name":"Hübl, Maximilian","first_name":"Maximilian"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-5154-417X","first_name":"Galien M","last_name":"Grosjean","id":"0C5FDA4A-9CF6-11E9-8939-FF05E6697425","full_name":"Grosjean, Galien M"},{"full_name":"Goodrich, Carl Peter","id":"EB352CD2-F68A-11E9-89C5-A432E6697425","last_name":"Goodrich","orcid":"0000-0002-1307-5074","first_name":"Carl Peter"},{"first_name":"Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","last_name":"Waitukaitis","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"date_updated":"2026-05-20T08:41:15Z","ddc":["530"],"month":"12","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"CaGo"}],"OA_type":"hybrid","has_accepted_license":"1","issue":"50","_id":"20727","article_type":"original","external_id":{"arxiv":["2507.01739"]},"citation":{"short":"S. Shi, M. Hübl, G.M. Grosjean, C.P. Goodrich, S.R. Waitukaitis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (2025) e2516865122.","apa":"Shi, S., Hübl, M., Grosjean, G. M., Goodrich, C. P., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). Electrostatics overcome acoustic collapse to assemble, adapt, and activate levitated matter. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2516865122","mla":"Shi, Sue, et al. “Electrostatics Overcome Acoustic Collapse to Assemble, Adapt, and Activate Levitated Matter.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 50, National Academy of Sciences, 2025, p. e2516865122, doi:10.1073/pnas.2516865122.","ista":"Shi S, Hübl M, Grosjean GM, Goodrich CP, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. Electrostatics overcome acoustic collapse to assemble, adapt, and activate levitated matter. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(50), e2516865122.","ama":"Shi S, Hübl M, Grosjean GM, Goodrich CP, Waitukaitis SR. Electrostatics overcome acoustic collapse to assemble, adapt, and activate levitated matter. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2025;122(50):e2516865122. doi:10.1073/pnas.2516865122","chicago":"Shi, Sue, Maximilian Hübl, Galien M Grosjean, Carl Peter Goodrich, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Electrostatics Overcome Acoustic Collapse to Assemble, Adapt, and Activate Levitated Matter.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2516865122.","ieee":"S. Shi, M. Hübl, G. M. Grosjean, C. P. Goodrich, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Electrostatics overcome acoustic collapse to assemble, adapt, and activate levitated matter,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 50. National Academy of Sciences, p. e2516865122, 2025."},"article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","volume":122,"date_created":"2025-12-07T23:02:00Z","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","APC_amount":"5599.52 EUR","file_date_updated":"2025-12-09T12:45:53Z","arxiv":1,"status":"public","oa":1,"intvolume":" 122","title":"Electrostatics overcome acoustic collapse to assemble, adapt, and activate levitated matter"},{"contributor":[{"first_name":"Maximilian","last_name":"Hübl","id":"5eb8629e-15b2-11ec-abd3-e6f3e5e01f32"},{"first_name":"Galien M","orcid":"0000-0001-5154-417X","id":"0C5FDA4A-9CF6-11E9-8939-FF05E6697425","last_name":"Grosjean"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","has_accepted_license":"1","OA_type":"green","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.15752991","month":"11","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.15752991"}],"type":"research_data_reference","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"CaGo"}],"date_updated":"2026-05-20T08:41:14Z","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"used_in_publication","id":"20727","status":"public"}]},"ddc":["530"],"year":"2025","oa_version":"Published Version","author":[{"full_name":"Shi, Sue","last_name":"Shi","id":"5c5b9247-15b2-11ec-abd3-fd958715639c","first_name":"Sue"}],"title":"Datasets and code for manuscript \"Electrostatics overcome acoustic collapse to assemble, adapt, and activate levitated matter\"","oa":1,"status":"public","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.15752991","corr_author":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Datasets and code for publication \"Electrostatics overcome acoustic collapse to assemble, adapt, and activate levitated matter\""}],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2025-12-09T13:36:16Z","citation":{"mla":"Shi, Sue. Datasets and Code for Manuscript “Electrostatics Overcome Acoustic Collapse to Assemble, Adapt, and Activate Levitated Matter.” Zenodo, 2025, doi:10.5281/ZENODO.15752991.","ista":"Shi S. 2025. Datasets and code for manuscript ‘Electrostatics overcome acoustic collapse to assemble, adapt, and activate levitated matter’, Zenodo, 10.5281/ZENODO.15752991.","ama":"Shi S. Datasets and code for manuscript “Electrostatics overcome acoustic collapse to assemble, adapt, and activate levitated matter.” 2025. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.15752991","short":"S. Shi, (2025).","apa":"Shi, S. (2025). Datasets and code for manuscript “Electrostatics overcome acoustic collapse to assemble, adapt, and activate levitated matter.” Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.15752991","ieee":"S. Shi, “Datasets and code for manuscript ‘Electrostatics overcome acoustic collapse to assemble, adapt, and activate levitated matter.’” Zenodo, 2025.","chicago":"Shi, Sue. “Datasets and Code for Manuscript ‘Electrostatics Overcome Acoustic Collapse to Assemble, Adapt, and Activate Levitated Matter.’” Zenodo, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.15752991."},"day":"10","publisher":"Zenodo","OA_place":"repository","_id":"20749","date_published":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z"},{"alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"ScWa"}],"month":"08","ddc":["530"],"date_updated":"2026-07-29T13:11:25Z","acknowledgement":"The project in Chapter 2 has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under\r\nthe European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement\r\nNo. 949120).\r\nThe project in Chapter 3 has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under\r\nthe European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement\r\nNo. 949120).\r\nThe project in Chapter 4 has received financing from the European Research Council grant\r\nagreement No. 949120 under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation\r\nprogramme. The Analytical Instrumentation Center of the TU Wien acknowledges support by\r\nthe FFG project ‘ELSA’ under grant no. 884672. C.M.P. and M.O. acknowledge the state\r\nof Lower Austria and the European Regional Development Fund under grant no. WST3-F542638/004-2021.\r\n","author":[{"id":"4B807D68-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425","last_name":"Sobarzo Ponce","full_name":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A","first_name":"Juan Carlos A"}],"year":"2025","oa_version":"Published Version","oa":1,"title":"Tribocharging of identical insulators: Triboelectric series, triboelectric cycles and surface charges","status":"public","file_date_updated":"2025-08-28T08:19:07Z","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","citation":{"chicago":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A. “Tribocharging of Identical Insulators: Triboelectric Series, Triboelectric Cycles and Surface Charges.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20203.","ieee":"J. C. A. Sobarzo Ponce, “Tribocharging of identical insulators: Triboelectric series, triboelectric cycles and surface charges,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.","apa":"Sobarzo Ponce, J. C. A. (2025). Tribocharging of identical insulators: Triboelectric series, triboelectric cycles and surface charges. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20203","short":"J.C.A. Sobarzo Ponce, Tribocharging of Identical Insulators: Triboelectric Series, Triboelectric Cycles and Surface Charges, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.","mla":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A. Tribocharging of Identical Insulators: Triboelectric Series, Triboelectric Cycles and Surface Charges. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025, doi:10.15479/AT-ISTA-20203.","ama":"Sobarzo Ponce JCA. Tribocharging of identical insulators: Triboelectric series, triboelectric cycles and surface charges. 2025. doi:10.15479/AT-ISTA-20203","ista":"Sobarzo Ponce JCA. 2025. Tribocharging of identical insulators: Triboelectric series, triboelectric cycles and surface charges. Institute of Science and Technology Austria."},"date_created":"2025-08-21T11:42:59Z","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"20203","degree_awarded":"PhD","doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-20203","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","publication_status":"published","type":"dissertation","doi_confirm":"1","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"12109","status":"public"},{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"15322"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"19278","status":"public"}]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-99078-062-6"],"issn":["2663-337X"]},"project":[{"name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","grant_number":"949120","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-20203","ec_funded":1,"corr_author":"1","supervisor":[{"last_name":"Waitukaitis","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","first_name":"Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176"}],"OA_place":"publisher","day":"27","abstract":[{"text":"Tribocharging, or contact electrification, is the phenomenon in which two initially neutral materials exchange electric charge through contact and subsequent separation. While it is widely observed in everyday life and crucial to numerous natural processes, even the most basic aspects of tribocharging are still a mystery—what are the charge carriers involved and what drives their exchange? This work spans three separate projects that address different aspects of tribocharging. First, we introduce a novel strategy combining Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations with Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) to quantitatively extract surface charge density from surface voltage maps. Second, we present a simple theoretical model that allows for the existence of triboelectric cycles, under the assumption that multiple charge carrying species are involved. Third, we present experimental evidence that identical materials can spontaneously evolve into a triboelectric series, driven by contact history. Modeling this behavior enables the replication of experimental results with simulations, and even experimentally forcing the appearance of a pre-designed series by manipulating contact history. Together, the findings from these projects challenge traditional views on tribocharging, provide new tools for probing it, and open up new avenues of research—all with the hopes of bringing us closer to understanding this puzzling phenomenon.","lang":"eng"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"EM-Fac"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"date_published":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","file":[{"checksum":"661b9d3786cfc985be811befc3262bf5","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"20237","date_updated":"2025-08-27T14:50:32Z","date_created":"2025-08-27T14:50:32Z","success":1,"creator":"jsobarzo","file_name":"2025_Sobarzo_JuanCarlos_Thesis.pdf","relation":"main_file","file_size":12667200,"content_type":"application/pdf"},{"file_id":"20238","access_level":"closed","checksum":"ca2f24e6c3b55912982521707552a0f5","date_created":"2025-08-27T14:50:32Z","date_updated":"2025-08-28T08:19:07Z","creator":"jsobarzo","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","file_size":18940521,"relation":"source_file","file_name":"2025_Sobarzo_JuanCarlos_Thesis.zip"}],"page":"96"},{"month":"02","isi":1,"department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"EM-Fac"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","OA_type":"hybrid","issue":"8051","oa_version":"Published Version","year":"2025","author":[{"first_name":"Juan Carlos A","last_name":"Sobarzo Ponce","id":"4B807D68-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425","full_name":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A"},{"full_name":"Pertl, Felix","last_name":"Pertl","id":"6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af","orcid":"0000-0003-0463-5794","first_name":"Felix"},{"last_name":"Balazs","id":"302BADF6-85FC-11EA-9E3B-B9493DDC885E","full_name":"Balazs, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel","orcid":"0000-0001-7597-043X"},{"first_name":"Tommaso","orcid":"0000-0001-9732-3815","full_name":"Costanzo, Tommaso","last_name":"Costanzo","id":"D93824F4-D9BA-11E9-BB12-F207E6697425"},{"first_name":"Markus","full_name":"Sauer, Markus","last_name":"Sauer"},{"last_name":"Foelske","full_name":"Foelske, Annette","first_name":"Annette"},{"first_name":"Markus","full_name":"Ostermann, Markus","last_name":"Ostermann"},{"first_name":"Christian M.","last_name":"Pichler","full_name":"Pichler, Christian M."},{"first_name":"Yongkang","full_name":"Wang, Yongkang","last_name":"Wang"},{"full_name":"Nagata, Yuki","last_name":"Nagata","first_name":"Yuki"},{"first_name":"Mischa","full_name":"Bonn, Mischa","last_name":"Bonn"},{"last_name":"Waitukaitis","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","first_name":"Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176"}],"acknowledgement":"This project has received financing from the European Research Council grant agreement no. 949120 under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. The Analytical Instrumentation Center of the TU Wien acknowledges support by the FFG project ‘ELSA’ under grant no. 884672. C.M.P. and M.O. acknowledge the state of Lower Austria and the European Regional Development Fund under grant no. WST3-F-542638/004-2021. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing facility, Electron Microscopy Facility and Lab Support Facility. We thank J. Garcia-Suarez and G. Anciaux for the suggestion to look into the roughness power spectral density. We thank I.-M. Strugaru for help with testing the device for Young’s modulus measurements. Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).","date_updated":"2026-08-27T11:42:43Z","article_number":"664-669","ddc":["530"],"file_date_updated":"2025-03-04T10:05:18Z","pmid":1,"status":"public","title":"Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series","intvolume":" 638","oa":1,"article_type":"original","_id":"19278","external_id":{"isi":["001428076100015"],"pmid":["39972227"]},"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","volume":638,"citation":{"short":"J.C.A. Sobarzo Ponce, F. Pertl, D. Balazs, T. Costanzo, M. Sauer, A. Foelske, M. Ostermann, C.M. Pichler, Y. Wang, Y. Nagata, M. Bonn, S.R. Waitukaitis, Nature 638 (2025).","apa":"Sobarzo Ponce, J. C. A., Pertl, F., Balazs, D., Costanzo, T., Sauer, M., Foelske, A., … Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series. Nature. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6","ista":"Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Pertl F, Balazs D, Costanzo T, Sauer M, Foelske A, Ostermann M, Pichler CM, Wang Y, Nagata Y, Bonn M, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series. Nature. 638(8051), 664–669.","mla":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A., et al. “Spontaneous Ordering of Identical Materials into a Triboelectric Series.” Nature, vol. 638, no. 8051, 664–669, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6.","ama":"Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Pertl F, Balazs D, et al. Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series. Nature. 2025;638(8051). doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6","chicago":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A, Felix Pertl, Daniel Balazs, Tommaso Costanzo, Markus Sauer, Annette Foelske, Markus Ostermann, et al. “Spontaneous Ordering of Identical Materials into a Triboelectric Series.” Nature. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6.","ieee":"J. C. A. Sobarzo Ponce et al., “Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series,” Nature, vol. 638, no. 8051. Springer Nature, 2025."},"date_created":"2025-03-02T23:01:52Z","publisher":"Springer Nature","type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Nature","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"20203","status":"public"},{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"22684"}],"link":[{"url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/an-electrifying-turn-in-an-age-old-quest/","relation":"press_release","description":"News on ISTA website"}]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6","corr_author":"1","ec_funded":1,"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"949120","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1476-4687"],"issn":["0028-0836"]},"date_published":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","file":[{"date_created":"2025-03-04T10:05:18Z","date_updated":"2025-03-04T10:05:18Z","file_id":"19289","access_level":"open_access","checksum":"fecf302274dd3218d3e7dd22f39a6c0c","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":3807415,"relation":"main_file","file_name":"2025_Nature_Sobarzo.pdf","creator":"dernst","success":1}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"EM-Fac"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"When two insulating, neutral materials are contacted and separated, they exchange electrical charge1. Experiments have long suggested that this ‘contact electrification’ is transitive, with different materials ordering into ‘triboelectric series’ based on the sign of charge acquired2. At the same time, the effect is plagued by unpredictability, preventing consensus on the mechanism and casting doubt on the rhyme and reason that series imply3. Here we expose an unanticipated connection between the unpredictability and order in contact electrification: nominally identical materials initially exchange charge randomly and intransitively, but—over repeated experiments—order into triboelectric series. We find that this evolution is driven by the act of contact itself—samples with more contacts in their history charge negatively to ones with fewer contacts. Capturing this ‘contact bias’ in a minimal model, we recreate both the initial randomness and ultimate order in numerical simulations and use it experimentally to force the appearance of a triboelectric series of our choosing. With a set of surface-sensitive techniques to search for the underlying alterations contact creates, we only find evidence of nanoscale morphological changes, pointing to a mechanism strongly coupled with mechanics. Our results highlight the centrality of contact history in contact electrification and suggest that focusing on the unpredictability that has long plagued the effect may hold the key to understanding it."}],"day":"20","OA_place":"publisher"},{"year":"2025","oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, the Nanofabrication Facility and Lab Support Facility.","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-0463-5794","first_name":"Felix","last_name":"Pertl","id":"6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af","full_name":"Pertl, Felix"},{"last_name":"Lenton","id":"a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb","full_name":"Lenton, Isaac C","orcid":"0000-0002-5010-6984","first_name":"Isaac C"},{"last_name":"Cramer","full_name":"Cramer, Tobias","first_name":"Tobias"},{"full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","last_name":"Waitukaitis","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176"}],"date_updated":"2026-08-27T11:42:43Z","article_number":"146202","ddc":["530"],"month":"09","isi":1,"department":[{"_id":"ScWa"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","OA_type":"hybrid","issue":"14","article_type":"original","_id":"20481","external_id":{"isi":["001587263900003"],"arxiv":["2502.12718"]},"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","date_created":"2025-10-16T13:13:29Z","volume":135,"citation":{"ieee":"F. Pertl, I. C. Lenton, T. Cramer, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “No time for surface charge: How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin probe force microscopy in contact-electrified surfaces,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 135, no. 14. American Physical Society, 2025.","chicago":"Pertl, Felix, Isaac C Lenton, Tobias Cramer, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “No Time for Surface Charge: How Bulk Conductivity Hides Charge Patterns from Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Contact-Electrified Surfaces.” Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1103/lcsm-xxty.","ama":"Pertl F, Lenton IC, Cramer T, Waitukaitis SR. No time for surface charge: How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin probe force microscopy in contact-electrified surfaces. Physical Review Letters. 2025;135(14). doi:10.1103/lcsm-xxty","mla":"Pertl, Felix, et al. “No Time for Surface Charge: How Bulk Conductivity Hides Charge Patterns from Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in Contact-Electrified Surfaces.” Physical Review Letters, vol. 135, no. 14, 146202, American Physical Society, 2025, doi:10.1103/lcsm-xxty.","ista":"Pertl F, Lenton IC, Cramer T, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. No time for surface charge: How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin probe force microscopy in contact-electrified surfaces. Physical Review Letters. 135(14), 146202.","short":"F. Pertl, I.C. Lenton, T. Cramer, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review Letters 135 (2025).","apa":"Pertl, F., Lenton, I. C., Cramer, T., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). No time for surface charge: How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin probe force microscopy in contact-electrified surfaces. Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/lcsm-xxty"},"publisher":"American Physical Society","file_date_updated":"2025-10-23T09:32:31Z","status":"public","arxiv":1,"intvolume":" 135","title":"No time for surface charge: How bulk conductivity hides charge patterns from Kelvin probe force microscopy in contact-electrified surfaces","oa":1,"publication":"Physical Review Letters","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","id":"20523","status":"public"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"22684","status":"public"}]},"type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","PlanS_conform":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","doi":"10.1103/lcsm-xxty","scopus_import":"1","file":[{"date_updated":"2025-10-23T09:32:31Z","date_created":"2025-10-23T09:32:31Z","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"20522","checksum":"7e45e89b8db0b7f01e63185c68e4b0f9","file_size":1692251,"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","file_name":"2025_PhysReviewLetters_Pertl.pdf","creator":"dernst","success":1}],"date_published":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is widely used in stationary and dynamic studies of contact electrification. An obvious question that connects these two has been overlooked: when are charge dynamics too fast for stationary studies to be meaningful? Using a rapid transfer system to quickly perform KPFM after contact, we find the dynamics are too fast in all but the best insulators. Our data further suggest that dynamics are caused by bulk as opposed to surface conductivity, and that charge-transfer heterogeneity is less prevalent than previously suggested.","lang":"eng"}],"day":"30","OA_place":"publisher","corr_author":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/lcsm-xxty","ec_funded":1,"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","grant_number":"949120","_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1079-7114"],"issn":["0031-9007"]}},{"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2470-0053"],"issn":["2470-0045"]},"corr_author":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The tendency of materials to order in triboelectric series has prompted suggestions that contact electrification might have a single, unified underlying description. However, the possibility of “triboelectric cycles,” i.e., series that loop back onto themselves, is seemingly at odds with such a coherent description. In this work, we propose that if multiple charge carrying species are at play, both triboelectric series and cycles are possible. We show how series arise naturally if only a single charge carrier species is involved and if the driving mechanism is approach toward thermodynamic equilibrium, and simultaneously, that cycles are forbidden under such conditions. Suspecting multiple carriers might relax the situation, we affirm this is the case by explicit construction of a cycle involving two carriers, and then extend this to show how more complex cycles emerge. Our work highlights the importance of series and cycles towards determining the underlying mechanism(s) and carrier(s) in contact electrification."}],"day":"29","date_published":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"20203","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Physical Review E","title":"Multiple charge carrier species as a possible cause for triboelectric cycles","intvolume":" 109","pmid":1,"status":"public","article_processing_charge":"No","volume":109,"citation":{"ieee":"J. C. A. Sobarzo Ponce and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Multiple charge carrier species as a possible cause for triboelectric cycles,” Physical Review E, vol. 109, no. 3. American Physical Society, 2024.","chicago":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Multiple Charge Carrier Species as a Possible Cause for Triboelectric Cycles.” Physical Review E. American Physical Society, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108.","ama":"Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Waitukaitis SR. Multiple charge carrier species as a possible cause for triboelectric cycles. Physical Review E. 2024;109(3). doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108","mla":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A., and Scott R. Waitukaitis. “Multiple Charge Carrier Species as a Possible Cause for Triboelectric Cycles.” Physical Review E, vol. 109, no. 3, L032108, American Physical Society, 2024, doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108.","ista":"Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Waitukaitis SR. 2024. Multiple charge carrier species as a possible cause for triboelectric cycles. Physical Review E. 109(3), L032108.","apa":"Sobarzo Ponce, J. C. A., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2024). Multiple charge carrier species as a possible cause for triboelectric cycles. Physical Review E. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L032108","short":"J.C.A. Sobarzo Ponce, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review E 109 (2024)."},"date_created":"2024-04-14T22:01:03Z","publisher":"American Physical Society","_id":"15322","article_type":"letter_note","external_id":{"pmid":["38632754"],"isi":["001199745200004"]},"issue":"3","isi":1,"month":"03","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"}],"article_number":"L032108","date_updated":"2026-07-29T13:11:24Z","year":"2024","oa_version":"None","author":[{"full_name":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A","id":"4B807D68-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425","last_name":"Sobarzo Ponce","first_name":"Juan Carlos A"},{"last_name":"Waitukaitis","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","first_name":"Scott R"}]},{"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) is a powerful technique for investigating the electrostatic properties of material surfaces, enabling the imaging of variations in work function, topology, surface charge density, or combinations thereof. Regardless of the underlying signal source, SKPM results in a voltage image, which is spatially distorted due to the finite size of the probe, long-range electrostatic interactions, mechanical and electrical noise, and the finite response time of the electronics. In order to recover the underlying signal, it is necessary to deconvolve the measurement with an appropriate point spread function (PSF) that accounts the aforementioned distortions, but determining this PSF is difficult. Here, we describe how such PSFs can be determined experimentally and show how they can be used to recover the underlying information of interest. We first consider the physical principles that enable SKPM and discuss how these affect the system PSF. We then show how one can experimentally measure PSFs by looking at well-defined features, and that these compare well to simulated PSFs, provided scans are performed extremely slowly and carefully. Next, we work at realistic scan speeds and show that the idealized PSFs fail to capture temporal distortions in the scan direction. While simulating PSFs for these situations would be quite challenging, we show that measuring PSFs with similar scan conditions works well. Our approach clarifies the basic principles and inherent challenges to SKPM measurements and gives practical methods to improve results."}],"day":"28","date_published":"2024-07-28T00:00:00Z","file":[{"success":1,"creator":"dernst","file_name":"2024_JourApplPhysics_Lenton.pdf","relation":"main_file","file_size":2537502,"content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"6141d05cd68d540a7446dce9490975db","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"17386","date_updated":"2024-08-05T08:19:58Z","date_created":"2024-08-05T08:19:58Z"}],"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","grant_number":"949120","_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1089-7550"],"issn":["0021-8979"]},"ec_funded":1,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215151","corr_author":"1","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"22684","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}]},"publication":"Journal of Applied Physics","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","doi":"10.1063/5.0215151","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","citation":{"chicago":"Lenton, Isaac C, Felix Pertl, Lubuna B Shafeek, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Beyond the Blur: Using Experimentally Determined Point Spread Functions to Improve Scanning Kelvin Probe Imaging.” Journal of Applied Physics. AIP Publishing, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215151.","ieee":"I. C. Lenton, F. Pertl, L. B. Shafeek, and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 136, no. 4. AIP Publishing, 2024.","short":"I.C. Lenton, F. Pertl, L.B. Shafeek, S.R. Waitukaitis, Journal of Applied Physics 136 (2024).","apa":"Lenton, I. C., Pertl, F., Shafeek, L. B., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2024). Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging. Journal of Applied Physics. AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215151","ista":"Lenton IC, Pertl F, Shafeek LB, Waitukaitis SR. 2024. Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging. Journal of Applied Physics. 136(4), 045305.","mla":"Lenton, Isaac C., et al. “Beyond the Blur: Using Experimentally Determined Point Spread Functions to Improve Scanning Kelvin Probe Imaging.” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 136, no. 4, 045305, AIP Publishing, 2024, doi:10.1063/5.0215151.","ama":"Lenton IC, Pertl F, Shafeek LB, Waitukaitis SR. Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging. Journal of Applied Physics. 2024;136(4). doi:10.1063/5.0215151"},"date_created":"2024-08-04T22:01:21Z","article_processing_charge":"No","volume":136,"publisher":"AIP Publishing","article_type":"original","_id":"17373","external_id":{"isi":["001281681100003"]},"intvolume":" 136","title":"Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging","oa":1,"file_date_updated":"2024-08-05T08:19:58Z","status":"public","date_updated":"2026-08-27T11:42:44Z","article_number":"045305","ddc":["530"],"year":"2024","oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No. 949120). This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing Facility, and Lab Support Facility. The authors wish to thank Dmytro Rak and Juan Carlos Sobarzo for letting us use their equipment. The authors wish to thank the contributions of the whole Waitukaitis Group for useful discussions and feedback.","author":[{"full_name":"Lenton, Isaac C","last_name":"Lenton","id":"a550210f-223c-11ec-8182-e2d45e817efb","first_name":"Isaac C","orcid":"0000-0002-5010-6984"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-0463-5794","first_name":"Felix","last_name":"Pertl","id":"6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af","full_name":"Pertl, Felix"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-7180-6050","first_name":"Lubuna B","id":"3CD37A82-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Shafeek","full_name":"Shafeek, Lubuna B"},{"first_name":"Scott R","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","last_name":"Waitukaitis","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","issue":"4","month":"07","isi":1,"department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}]},{"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"8101","relation":"research_paper","status":"public"}]},"publication":"Physical Review Letters","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.130.098202","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"text":"Models for same-material contact electrification in granular media often rely on a local charge-driving parameter whose spatial variations lead to a stochastic origin for charge exchange. Measuring the charge transfer from individual granular spheres after contacts with substrates of the same material, we find instead a “global” charging behavior, coherent over the sample’s whole surface. Cleaning and baking samples fully resets charging magnitude and direction, which indicates the underlying global parameter is not intrinsic to the material, but acquired from its history. Charging behavior is randomly and irreversibly affected by changes in relative humidity, hinting at a mechanism where adsorbates, in particular, water, are fundamental to the charge-transfer process.","lang":"eng"}],"day":"03","file":[{"file_name":"Main_Preprint.pdf","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":2301864,"success":1,"creator":"ggrosjea","date_created":"2023-02-28T12:20:27Z","date_updated":"2023-02-28T12:20:27Z","checksum":"c4f2f6eea0408811f8f4898e15890355","file_id":"12698","access_level":"open_access"},{"checksum":"6af6ed6c97a977f923de4162294b43c4","file_id":"12699","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2023-02-28T12:20:55Z","date_updated":"2023-02-28T12:20:55Z","success":1,"creator":"ggrosjea","relation":"main_file","file_name":"Suppl_info.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":1138625},{"file_name":"Suppl_vid1.mp4","relation":"main_file","file_size":793449,"content_type":"video/mp4","success":1,"creator":"ggrosjea","date_updated":"2023-02-28T12:37:54Z","date_created":"2023-02-28T12:37:54Z","checksum":"3f20365fb9515bdba3a111d912c8d8b4","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"12700"},{"creator":"ggrosjea","success":1,"file_size":455925,"content_type":"video/mp4","relation":"main_file","file_name":"Suppl_vid2.mp4","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"12701","checksum":"90cecacbe0e2f9dea11f91a4ba20c32e","date_updated":"2023-02-28T12:37:54Z","date_created":"2023-02-28T12:37:54Z"}],"date_published":"2023-03-03T00:00:00Z","keyword":["General Physics","Electrostatics","Triboelectricity","Soft Matter","Acoustic Levitation","Granular Materials"],"project":[{"_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","grant_number":"949120"},{"_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","grant_number":"754411","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0031-9007"],"eissn":["1079-7114"]},"corr_author":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.130.098202","ec_funded":1,"date_updated":"2025-04-23T08:51:13Z","article_number":"098202","ddc":["530","537"],"oa_version":"Preprint","year":"2023","author":[{"last_name":"Grosjean","id":"0C5FDA4A-9CF6-11E9-8939-FF05E6697425","full_name":"Grosjean, Galien M","orcid":"0000-0001-5154-417X","first_name":"Galien M"},{"full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","last_name":"Waitukaitis","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","first_name":"Scott R"}],"acknowledgement":"We would like to thank Troy Shinbrot, Victor Lee and Daniele Foresti for helpful discussions. This project has received funding from the European Research Council Grant Agreement No. 949120 and from the the Marie Sk lodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754411 under\r\nthe European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program.","has_accepted_license":"1","issue":"9","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.02488"}],"month":"03","isi":1,"department":[{"_id":"ScWa"}],"volume":130,"article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2023-02-28T12:14:46Z","citation":{"short":"G.M. Grosjean, S.R. Waitukaitis, Physical Review Letters 130 (2023).","apa":"Grosjean, G. M., & Waitukaitis, S. R. (2023). Single-collision statistics reveal a global mechanism driven by sample history for contact electrification in granular media. Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.130.098202","mla":"Grosjean, Galien M., and Scott R. Waitukaitis. “Single-Collision Statistics Reveal a Global Mechanism Driven by Sample History for Contact Electrification in Granular Media.” Physical Review Letters, vol. 130, no. 9, 098202, American Physical Society, 2023, doi:10.1103/physrevlett.130.098202.","ista":"Grosjean GM, Waitukaitis SR. 2023. Single-collision statistics reveal a global mechanism driven by sample history for contact electrification in granular media. Physical Review Letters. 130(9), 098202.","ama":"Grosjean GM, Waitukaitis SR. Single-collision statistics reveal a global mechanism driven by sample history for contact electrification in granular media. Physical Review Letters. 2023;130(9). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.130.098202","chicago":"Grosjean, Galien M, and Scott R Waitukaitis. “Single-Collision Statistics Reveal a Global Mechanism Driven by Sample History for Contact Electrification in Granular Media.” Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.130.098202.","ieee":"G. M. Grosjean and S. R. Waitukaitis, “Single-collision statistics reveal a global mechanism driven by sample history for contact electrification in granular media,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 130, no. 9. American Physical Society, 2023."},"publisher":"American Physical Society","article_type":"original","_id":"12697","external_id":{"pmid":["36930925"],"isi":["000946178200008"],"arxiv":["2211.02488"]},"intvolume":" 130","title":"Single-collision statistics reveal a global mechanism driven by sample history for contact electrification in granular media","oa":1,"pmid":1,"file_date_updated":"2023-02-28T12:37:54Z","status":"public","arxiv":1}]