book chapter published yes Yuzhou Zhang author 3B6137F2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A870000-0003-2627-6956 Lanxin Li author 367EF8FA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A870000-0002-5607-272X Jiří Friml author 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A870000-0002-8302-7596 Elison BBlancaflor editor JiFr department Tracing Evolution of Auxin Transport and Polarity in Plants project International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme project Molecular mechanisms of endocytic cargo recognition in plants project Tropisms are among the most important growth responses for plant adaptation to the surrounding environment. One of the most common tropisms is root gravitropism. Root gravitropism enables the plant to anchor securely to the soil enabling the absorption of water and nutrients. Most of the knowledge related to the plant gravitropism has been acquired from the flowering plants, due to limited research in non-seed plants. Limited research on non-seed plants is due in large part to the lack of standard research methods. Here, we describe the experimental methods to evaluate gravitropism in representative non-seed plant species, including the non-vascular plant moss Physcomitrium patens, the early diverging extant vascular plant lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii and fern Ceratopteris richardii. In addition, we introduce the methods used for statistical analysis of the root gravitropism in non-seed plant species. Springer Nature2021 eng 978-1-0716-1676-5 3464724610.1007/978-1-0716-1677-2_2 236843-51 Y. Zhang, L. Li, and J. Friml, “Evaluation of gravitropism in non-seed plants,” in <i>Plant Gravitropism</i>, vol. 2368, E. B. Blancaflor, Ed. Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 43–51. Zhang, Y., Li, L., &#38; Friml, J. (2021). Evaluation of gravitropism in non-seed plants. In E. B. Blancaflor (Ed.), <i>Plant Gravitropism</i> (Vol. 2368, pp. 43–51). Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1677-2_2">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1677-2_2</a> Zhang Y, Li L, Friml J. 2021.Evaluation of gravitropism in non-seed plants. In: Plant Gravitropism. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 2368, 43–51. Zhang, Yuzhou, et al. “Evaluation of Gravitropism in Non-Seed Plants.” <i>Plant Gravitropism</i>, edited by Elison B Blancaflor, vol. 2368, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 43–51, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1677-2_2">10.1007/978-1-0716-1677-2_2</a>. Y. Zhang, L. Li, J. Friml, in:, E.B. Blancaflor (Ed.), Plant Gravitropism, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 43–51. Zhang, Yuzhou, Lanxin Li, and Jiří Friml. “Evaluation of Gravitropism in Non-Seed Plants.” In <i>Plant Gravitropism</i>, edited by Elison B Blancaflor, 2368:43–51. MIMB. Springer Nature, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1677-2_2">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1677-2_2</a>. Zhang Y, Li L, Friml J. Evaluation of gravitropism in non-seed plants. In: Blancaflor EB, ed. <i>Plant Gravitropism</i>. Vol 2368. MIMB. Springer Nature; 2021:43-51. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1677-2_2">10.1007/978-1-0716-1677-2_2</a> 102672021-11-11T09:26:10Z2025-04-14T07:45:00Z