---
_id: '11723'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Plant cell growth responds rapidly to various stimuli, adapting architecture
to environmental changes. Two major endogenous signals regulating growth are the
phytohormone auxin and the secreted peptides rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs).
Both trigger very rapid cellular responses and also exert long-term effects [Du
et al., Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 71, 379–402 (2020); Blackburn et al., Plant Physiol.
182, 1657–1666 (2020)]. However, the way, in which these distinct signaling pathways
converge to regulate growth, remains unknown. Here, using vertical confocal microscopy
combined with a microfluidic chip, we addressed the mechanism of RALF action on
growth. We observed correlation between RALF1-induced rapid Arabidopsis thaliana
root growth inhibition and apoplast alkalinization during the initial phase of
the response, and revealed that RALF1 reversibly inhibits primary root growth
through apoplast alkalinization faster than within 1 min. This rapid apoplast
alkalinization was the result of RALF1-induced net H+ influx and was mediated
by the receptor FERONIA (FER). Furthermore, we investigated the cross-talk between
RALF1 and the auxin signaling pathways during root growth regulation. The results
showed that RALF-FER signaling triggered auxin signaling with a delay of approximately
1 h by up-regulating auxin biosynthesis, thus contributing to sustained RALF1-induced
growth inhibition. This biphasic RALF1 action on growth allows plants to respond
rapidly to environmental stimuli and also reprogram growth and development in
the long term.
acknowledgement: We thank Sarah M. Assmann, Kris Vissenberg, and Nadine Paris for
kindly sharing seeds; Matyáš Fendrych for initiating this project and providing
constant support; Lukas Fiedler for revising the manuscript; and Huibin Han and
Arseny Savin for contributing to genotyping. This work was supported by the Austrian
Science Fund (FWF) I 3630-B25 (to J.F.) and the Doctoral Fellowship Progrmme of
the Austrian Academy of Sciences (to L.L.) We also acknowledge Taif University Researchers
Supporting Project TURSP-HC2021/02 and funding “Plants as a tool for sustainable
global development (no. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000827).”
article_number: e2121058119
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Lanxin
full_name: Li, Lanxin
id: 367EF8FA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Li
orcid: 0000-0002-5607-272X
- first_name: Huihuang
full_name: Chen, Huihuang
id: 83c96512-15b2-11ec-abd3-b7eede36184f
last_name: Chen
- first_name: Saqer S.
full_name: Alotaibi, Saqer S.
last_name: Alotaibi
- first_name: Aleš
full_name: Pěnčík, Aleš
last_name: Pěnčík
- first_name: Maciek
full_name: Adamowski, Maciek
id: 45F536D2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Adamowski
orcid: 0000-0001-6463-5257
- first_name: Ondřej
full_name: Novák, Ondřej
last_name: Novák
- first_name: Jiří
full_name: Friml, Jiří
id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Friml
orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
citation:
ama: Li L, Chen H, Alotaibi SS, et al. RALF1 peptide triggers biphasic root growth
inhibition upstream of auxin biosynthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences of the United States of America. 2022;119(31). doi:10.1073/pnas.2121058119
apa: Li, L., Chen, H., Alotaibi, S. S., Pěnčík, A., Adamowski, M., Novák, O., &
Friml, J. (2022). RALF1 peptide triggers biphasic root growth inhibition upstream
of auxin biosynthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2121058119
chicago: Li, Lanxin, Huihuang Chen, Saqer S. Alotaibi, Aleš Pěnčík, Maciek Adamowski,
Ondřej Novák, and Jiří Friml. “RALF1 Peptide Triggers Biphasic Root Growth Inhibition
Upstream of Auxin Biosynthesis.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2121058119.
ieee: L. Li et al., “RALF1 peptide triggers biphasic root growth inhibition
upstream of auxin biosynthesis,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
of the United States of America, vol. 119, no. 31. National Academy of Sciences,
2022.
ista: Li L, Chen H, Alotaibi SS, Pěnčík A, Adamowski M, Novák O, Friml J. 2022.
RALF1 peptide triggers biphasic root growth inhibition upstream of auxin biosynthesis.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
119(31), e2121058119.
mla: Li, Lanxin, et al. “RALF1 Peptide Triggers Biphasic Root Growth Inhibition
Upstream of Auxin Biosynthesis.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
of the United States of America, vol. 119, no. 31, e2121058119, National Academy
of Sciences, 2022, doi:10.1073/pnas.2121058119.
short: L. Li, H. Chen, S.S. Alotaibi, A. Pěnčík, M. Adamowski, O. Novák, J. Friml,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
119 (2022).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2022-08-04T20:06:49Z
date_published: 2022-07-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-05-14T11:01:00Z
day: '25'
ddc:
- '580'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: JiFr
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2121058119
external_id:
isi:
- '000881496900002'
pmid:
- '35878023'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: ae6f19b0d9efba6687f9e4dc1bab1d6e
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2022-08-08T07:42:09Z
date_updated: 2022-08-08T07:42:09Z
file_id: '11747'
file_name: 2022_PNAS_Li.pdf
file_size: 2506262
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-08-08T07:42:09Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 119'
isi: 1
issue: '31'
keyword:
- Multidisciplinary
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 26538374-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FWF
grant_number: I03630
name: Molecular mechanisms of endocytic cargo recognition in plants
- _id: 26B4D67E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
grant_number: '25351'
name: 'A Case Study of Plant Growth Regulation: Molecular Mechanism of Auxin-mediated
Rapid Growth Inhibition in Arabidopsis Root'
publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
of America
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1091-6490
issn:
- 0027-8424
publication_status: published
publisher: National Academy of Sciences
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: RALF1 peptide triggers biphasic root growth inhibition upstream of auxin biosynthesis
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 119
year: '2022'
...