{"status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Advances in blockchains have influenced the State-Machine-Replication (SMR) world and many state-of-the-art blockchain-SMR solutions are based on two pillars: Chaining and Leader-rotation. A predetermined round-robin mechanism used for Leader-rotation, however, has an undesirable behavior: crashed parties become designated leaders infinitely often, slowing down overall system performance. In this paper, we provide a new Leader-Aware SMR framework that, among other desirable properties, formalizes a Leader-utilization requirement that bounds the number of rounds whose leaders are faulty in crash-only executions.\r\nWe introduce Carousel, a novel, reputation-based Leader-rotation solution to achieve Leader-Aware SMR. The challenge in adaptive Leader-rotation is that it cannot rely on consensus to determine a leader, since consensus itself needs a leader. Carousel uses the available on-chain information to determine a leader locally and achieves Liveness despite this difficulty. A HotStuff implementation fitted with Carousel demonstrates drastic performance improvements: it increases throughput over 2x in faultless settings and provided a 20x throughput increase and 5x latency reduction in the presence of faults."}],"date_updated":"2023-09-05T15:11:35Z","intvolume":"     13411","quality_controlled":"1","day":"22","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2110.00960"}],"volume":13411,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2110.00960"]},"date_created":"2023-01-12T12:10:49Z","alternative_title":["LNCS"],"publication":"International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security","date_published":"2022-10-22T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","year":"2022","author":[{"last_name":"Cohen","full_name":"Cohen, Shir","first_name":"Shir"},{"last_name":"Gelashvili","full_name":"Gelashvili, Rati","first_name":"Rati"},{"full_name":"Kokoris Kogias, Eleftherios","first_name":"Eleftherios","id":"f5983044-d7ef-11ea-ac6d-fd1430a26d30","last_name":"Kokoris Kogias"},{"first_name":"Zekun","full_name":"Li, Zekun","last_name":"Li"},{"full_name":"Malkhi, Dahlia","first_name":"Dahlia","last_name":"Malkhi"},{"full_name":"Sonnino, Alberto","first_name":"Alberto","last_name":"Sonnino"},{"last_name":"Spiegelman","first_name":"Alexander","full_name":"Spiegelman, Alexander"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"ElKo"}],"page":"279-295","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","scopus_import":"1","oa":1,"publisher":"Springer Nature","publication_status":"published","conference":{"name":"FC: Financial Cryptography and Data Security","end_date":"2022-05-06","start_date":"2022-05-02","location":"Grenada"},"title":"Be aware of your leaders","month":"10","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0302-9743"],"eissn":["1611-3349"],"isbn":["9783031182822"],"eisbn":["9783031182839"]},"doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-18283-9_13","_id":"12168","type":"conference","citation":{"apa":"Cohen, S., Gelashvili, R., Kokoris Kogias, E., Li, Z., Malkhi, D., Sonnino, A., &#38; Spiegelman, A. (2022). Be aware of your leaders. In <i>International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i> (Vol. 13411, pp. 279–295). Grenada: Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18283-9_13\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18283-9_13</a>","short":"S. Cohen, R. Gelashvili, E. Kokoris Kogias, Z. Li, D. Malkhi, A. Sonnino, A. Spiegelman, in:, International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, Springer Nature, 2022, pp. 279–295.","ieee":"S. Cohen <i>et al.</i>, “Be aware of your leaders,” in <i>International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>, Grenada, 2022, vol. 13411, pp. 279–295.","chicago":"Cohen, Shir, Rati Gelashvili, Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias, Zekun Li, Dahlia Malkhi, Alberto Sonnino, and Alexander Spiegelman. “Be Aware of Your Leaders.” In <i>International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>, 13411:279–95. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18283-9_13\">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18283-9_13</a>.","mla":"Cohen, Shir, et al. “Be Aware of Your Leaders.” <i>International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>, vol. 13411, Springer Nature, 2022, pp. 279–95, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18283-9_13\">10.1007/978-3-031-18283-9_13</a>.","ista":"Cohen S, Gelashvili R, Kokoris Kogias E, Li Z, Malkhi D, Sonnino A, Spiegelman A. 2022. Be aware of your leaders. International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security. FC: Financial Cryptography and Data Security, LNCS, vol. 13411, 279–295.","ama":"Cohen S, Gelashvili R, Kokoris Kogias E, et al. Be aware of your leaders. In: <i>International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>. Vol 13411. Springer Nature; 2022:279-295. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18283-9_13\">10.1007/978-3-031-18283-9_13</a>"},"oa_version":"Preprint"}