---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '12168'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Advances in blockchains have influenced the State-Machine-Replication (SMR)
    world and many state-of-the-art blockchain-SMR solutions are based on two pillars:
    Chaining and Leader-rotation. A predetermined round-robin mechanism used for Leader-rotation,
    however, has an undesirable behavior: crashed parties become designated leaders
    infinitely often, slowing down overall system performance. In this paper, we provide
    a new Leader-Aware SMR framework that, among other desirable properties, formalizes
    a Leader-utilization requirement that bounds the number of rounds whose leaders
    are faulty in crash-only executions.\r\nWe introduce Carousel, a novel, reputation-based
    Leader-rotation solution to achieve Leader-Aware SMR. The challenge in adaptive
    Leader-rotation is that it cannot rely on consensus to determine a leader, since
    consensus itself needs a leader. Carousel uses the available on-chain information
    to determine a leader locally and achieves Liveness despite this difficulty. A
    HotStuff implementation fitted with Carousel demonstrates drastic performance
    improvements: it increases throughput over 2x in faultless settings and provided
    a 20x throughput increase and 5x latency reduction in the presence of faults."
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Shir
  full_name: Cohen, Shir
  last_name: Cohen
- first_name: Rati
  full_name: Gelashvili, Rati
  last_name: Gelashvili
- first_name: Eleftherios
  full_name: Kokoris Kogias, Eleftherios
  id: f5983044-d7ef-11ea-ac6d-fd1430a26d30
  last_name: Kokoris Kogias
- first_name: Zekun
  full_name: Li, Zekun
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Dahlia
  full_name: Malkhi, Dahlia
  last_name: Malkhi
- first_name: Alberto
  full_name: Sonnino, Alberto
  last_name: Sonnino
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Spiegelman, Alexander
  last_name: Spiegelman
citation:
  ama: 'Cohen S, Gelashvili R, Kokoris Kogias E, et al. Be aware of your leaders.
    In: <i>International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>.
    Vol 13411. Springer Nature; 2022:279-295. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18283-9_13">10.1007/978-3-031-18283-9_13</a>'
  apa: 'Cohen, S., Gelashvili, R., Kokoris Kogias, E., Li, Z., Malkhi, D., Sonnino,
    A., &#38; Spiegelman, A. (2022). Be aware of your leaders. In <i>International
    Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i> (Vol. 13411, pp. 279–295).
    Grenada: Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18283-9_13">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18283-9_13</a>'
  chicago: Cohen, Shir, Rati Gelashvili, Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias, Zekun Li, Dahlia
    Malkhi, Alberto Sonnino, and Alexander Spiegelman. “Be Aware of Your Leaders.”
    In <i>International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>,
    13411:279–95. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18283-9_13">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18283-9_13</a>.
  ieee: S. Cohen <i>et al.</i>, “Be aware of your leaders,” in <i>International Conference
    on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>, Grenada, 2022, vol. 13411, pp.
    279–295.
  ista: 'Cohen S, Gelashvili R, Kokoris Kogias E, Li Z, Malkhi D, Sonnino A, Spiegelman
    A. 2022. Be aware of your leaders. International Conference on Financial Cryptography
    and Data Security. FC: Financial Cryptography and Data Security, LNCS, vol. 13411,
    279–295.'
  mla: Cohen, Shir, et al. “Be Aware of Your Leaders.” <i>International Conference
    on Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i>, vol. 13411, Springer Nature,
    2022, pp. 279–95, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18283-9_13">10.1007/978-3-031-18283-9_13</a>.
  short: S. Cohen, R. Gelashvili, E. Kokoris Kogias, Z. Li, D. Malkhi, A. Sonnino,
    A. Spiegelman, in:, International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data
    Security, Springer Nature, 2022, pp. 279–295.
conference:
  end_date: 2022-05-06
  location: Grenada
  name: 'FC: Financial Cryptography and Data Security'
  start_date: 2022-05-02
date_created: 2023-01-12T12:10:49Z
date_published: 2022-10-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-10T09:48:54Z
day: '22'
department:
- _id: ElKo
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-18283-9_13
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2110.00960'
  isi:
  - '001423640200013'
intvolume: '     13411'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2110.00960
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 279-295
publication: International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - '9783031182839'
  eissn:
  - 1611-3349
  isbn:
  - '9783031182822'
  issn:
  - 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Be aware of your leaders
type: conference
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 13411
year: '2022'
...