article published yes Joseph Atherton author Melissa A Stouffer author 4C9372C4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 Fiona Francis author Carolyn A. Moores author SiHi department Neurons extend axons to form the complex circuitry of the mature brain. This depends on the coordinated response and continuous remodelling of the microtubule and F-actin networks in the axonal growth cone. Growth cone architecture remains poorly understood at nanoscales. We therefore investigated mouse hippocampal neuron growth cones using cryo-electron tomography to directly visualise their three-dimensional subcellular architecture with molecular detail. Our data showed that the hexagonal arrays of actin bundles that form filopodia penetrate and terminate deep within the growth cone interior. We directly observed the modulation of these and other growth cone actin bundles by alteration of individual F-actin helical structures. Microtubules with blunt, slightly flared or gently curved ends predominated in the growth cone, frequently contained lumenal particles and exhibited lattice defects. Investigation of the effect of absence of doublecortin, a neurodevelopmental cytoskeleton regulator, on growth cone cytoskeleton showed no major anomalies in overall growth cone organisation or in F-actin subpopulations. However, our data suggested that microtubules sustained more structural defects, highlighting the importance of microtubule integrity during growth cone migration. https://research-explorer.ista.ac.at/download/12283/12461/2022_JourCellBiology_Atherton.pdf application/pdfno The Company of Biologists2022 eng Cell Biology 0021-9533 1477-9137 35383828 00078384040001010.1242/jcs.259234 1357 Atherton, J., Stouffer, M. A., Francis, F., &#38; Moores, C. A. (2022). Visualising the cytoskeletal machinery in neuronal growth cones using cryo-electron tomography. <i>Journal of Cell Science</i>. The Company of Biologists. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.259234">https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.259234</a> Atherton, Joseph, et al. “Visualising the Cytoskeletal Machinery in Neuronal Growth Cones Using Cryo-Electron Tomography.” <i>Journal of Cell Science</i>, vol. 135, no. 7, 259234, The Company of Biologists, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.259234">10.1242/jcs.259234</a>. Atherton J, Stouffer MA, Francis F, Moores CA. Visualising the cytoskeletal machinery in neuronal growth cones using cryo-electron tomography. <i>Journal of Cell Science</i>. 2022;135(7). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.259234">10.1242/jcs.259234</a> J. Atherton, M.A. Stouffer, F. Francis, C.A. Moores, Journal of Cell Science 135 (2022). J. Atherton, M. A. Stouffer, F. Francis, and C. A. Moores, “Visualising the cytoskeletal machinery in neuronal growth cones using cryo-electron tomography,” <i>Journal of Cell Science</i>, vol. 135, no. 7. The Company of Biologists, 2022. Atherton, Joseph, Melissa A Stouffer, Fiona Francis, and Carolyn A. Moores. “Visualising the Cytoskeletal Machinery in Neuronal Growth Cones Using Cryo-Electron Tomography.” <i>Journal of Cell Science</i>. The Company of Biologists, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.259234">https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.259234</a>. Atherton J, Stouffer MA, Francis F, Moores CA. 2022. Visualising the cytoskeletal machinery in neuronal growth cones using cryo-electron tomography. Journal of Cell Science. 135(7), 259234. 122832023-01-16T10:03:24Z2023-08-04T10:28:34Z