--- _id: '12339' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Copy-number and point mutations form the basis for most evolutionary novelty through the process of gene duplication and divergence. While a plethora of genomic sequence data reveals the long-term fate of diverging coding sequences and their cis-regulatory elements, little is known about the early dynamics around the duplication event itself. In microorganisms, selection for increased gene expression often drives the expansion of gene copy-number mutations, which serves as a crude adaptation, prior to divergence through refining point mutations. Using a simple synthetic genetic system that allows us to distinguish copy-number and point mutations, we study their early and transient adaptive dynamics in real-time in Escherichia coli. We find two qualitatively different routes of adaptation depending on the level of functional improvement selected for: In conditions of high gene expression demand, the two types of mutations occur as a combination. Under low gene expression demand, negative epistasis between the two types of mutations renders them mutually exclusive. Thus, owing to their higher frequency, adaptation is dominated by copy-number mutations. Ultimately, due to high rates of reversal and pleiotropic cost, copy-number mutations may not only serve as a crude and transient adaptation but also constrain sequence divergence over evolutionary time scales.' article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Isabella full_name: Tomanek, Isabella id: 3981F020-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Tomanek orcid: 0000-0001-6197-363X - first_name: Calin C full_name: Guet, Calin C id: 47F8433E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Guet orcid: 0000-0001-6220-2052 citation: ama: Tomanek I, Guet CC. Flow cytometry YFP and CFP data and deep sequencing data of populations evolving in galactose. 2022. doi:10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57ds apa: Tomanek, I., & Guet, C. C. (2022). Flow cytometry YFP and CFP data and deep sequencing data of populations evolving in galactose. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57ds chicago: Tomanek, Isabella, and Calin C Guet. “Flow Cytometry YFP and CFP Data and Deep Sequencing Data of Populations Evolving in Galactose.” Dryad, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57ds. ieee: I. Tomanek and C. C. Guet, “Flow cytometry YFP and CFP data and deep sequencing data of populations evolving in galactose.” Dryad, 2022. ista: Tomanek I, Guet CC. 2022. Flow cytometry YFP and CFP data and deep sequencing data of populations evolving in galactose, Dryad, 10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57ds. mla: Tomanek, Isabella, and Calin C. Guet. Flow Cytometry YFP and CFP Data and Deep Sequencing Data of Populations Evolving in Galactose. Dryad, 2022, doi:10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57ds. short: I. Tomanek, C.C. Guet, (2022). date_created: 2023-01-23T09:00:37Z date_published: 2022-12-23T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-08-03T14:23:06Z day: '23' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: CaGu doi: 10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57ds main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57ds month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publisher: Dryad related_material: record: - id: '12333' relation: used_in_publication status: public status: public title: Flow cytometry YFP and CFP data and deep sequencing data of populations evolving in galactose type: research_data_reference user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2022' ...