---
_id: '12514'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The concept of a “speciation continuum” has gained popularity in recent decades.
    It emphasizes speciation as a continuous process that may be studied by comparing
    contemporary population pairs that show differing levels of divergence. In their
    recent perspective article in Evolution, Stankowski and Ravinet provided a valuable
    service by formally defining the speciation continuum as a continuum of reproductive
    isolation, based on opinions gathered from a survey of speciation researchers.
    While we agree that the speciation continuum has been a useful concept to advance
    the understanding of the speciation process, some intrinsic limitations exist.
    Here, we advocate for a multivariate extension, the speciation hypercube, first
    proposed by Dieckmann et al. in 2004, but rarely used since. We extend the idea
    of the speciation cube and suggest it has strong conceptual and practical advantages
    over a one-dimensional model. We illustrate how the speciation hypercube can be
    used to visualize and compare different speciation trajectories, providing new
    insights into the processes and mechanisms of speciation. A key strength of the
    speciation hypercube is that it provides a unifying framework for speciation research,
    as it allows questions from apparently disparate subfields to be addressed in
    a single conceptual model.
acknowledgement: "The authors of this article were supported by LMU Munich (J.B.W.W.),
  a James S. McDonnell Foundation postdoctoral fellowship (A.K.H.). P.N. received
  funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon
  2020 research and innovation program (Grant agreement No. 770826 EE-Dynamics).\r\nWe
  thank participants in the 2019 Gordon Conference on Speciation for the extensive
  conversation on this topic. Thanks to Dan Funk for providing permission to use data
  from Funk et al. 2006, and for comments on the manuscript."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Daniel I.
  full_name: Bolnick, Daniel I.
  last_name: Bolnick
- first_name: Amanda K.
  full_name: Hund, Amanda K.
  last_name: Hund
- first_name: Patrik
  full_name: Nosil, Patrik
  last_name: Nosil
- first_name: Foen
  full_name: Peng, Foen
  last_name: Peng
- first_name: Mark
  full_name: Ravinet, Mark
  last_name: Ravinet
- first_name: Sean
  full_name: Stankowski, Sean
  id: 43161670-5719-11EA-8025-FABC3DDC885E
  last_name: Stankowski
- first_name: Swapna
  full_name: Subramanian, Swapna
  last_name: Subramanian
- first_name: Jochen B.W.
  full_name: Wolf, Jochen B.W.
  last_name: Wolf
- first_name: Roman
  full_name: Yukilevich, Roman
  last_name: Yukilevich
citation:
  ama: 'Bolnick DI, Hund AK, Nosil P, et al. A multivariate view of the speciation
    continuum. <i>Evolution: International journal of organic evolution</i>. 2023;77(1):318-328.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpac004">10.1093/evolut/qpac004</a>'
  apa: 'Bolnick, D. I., Hund, A. K., Nosil, P., Peng, F., Ravinet, M., Stankowski,
    S., … Yukilevich, R. (2023). A multivariate view of the speciation continuum.
    <i>Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>. Oxford University
    Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpac004">https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpac004</a>'
  chicago: 'Bolnick, Daniel I., Amanda K. Hund, Patrik Nosil, Foen Peng, Mark Ravinet,
    Sean Stankowski, Swapna Subramanian, Jochen B.W. Wolf, and Roman Yukilevich. “A
    Multivariate View of the Speciation Continuum.” <i>Evolution: International Journal
    of Organic Evolution</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpac004">https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpac004</a>.'
  ieee: 'D. I. Bolnick <i>et al.</i>, “A multivariate view of the speciation continuum,”
    <i>Evolution: International journal of organic evolution</i>, vol. 77, no. 1.
    Oxford University Press, pp. 318–328, 2023.'
  ista: 'Bolnick DI, Hund AK, Nosil P, Peng F, Ravinet M, Stankowski S, Subramanian
    S, Wolf JBW, Yukilevich R. 2023. A multivariate view of the speciation continuum.
    Evolution: International journal of organic evolution. 77(1), 318–328.'
  mla: 'Bolnick, Daniel I., et al. “A Multivariate View of the Speciation Continuum.”
    <i>Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution</i>, vol. 77, no. 1,
    Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 318–28, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpac004">10.1093/evolut/qpac004</a>.'
  short: 'D.I. Bolnick, A.K. Hund, P. Nosil, F. Peng, M. Ravinet, S. Stankowski, S.
    Subramanian, J.B.W. Wolf, R. Yukilevich, Evolution: International Journal of Organic
    Evolution 77 (2023) 318–328.'
date_created: 2023-02-05T23:00:59Z
date_published: 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-06-18T17:26:56Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1093/evolut/qpac004
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001021686300024'
  pmid:
  - '36622661'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpac004
intvolume: '        77'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpac004
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 318-328
pmid: 1
publication: 'Evolution: International journal of organic evolution'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1558-5646
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A multivariate view of the speciation continuum
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 77
year: '2023'
...