{"month":"02","publication_status":"published","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Differentiated X chromosomes are expected to have higher rates of adaptive divergence than autosomes, if new beneficial mutations are recessive (the “faster-X effect”), largely because these mutations are immediately exposed to selection in males. The evolution of X chromosomes after they stop recombining in males, but before they become hemizygous, has not been well explored theoretically. We use the diffusion approximation to infer substitution rates of beneficial and deleterious mutations under such a scenario. Our results show that selection is less efficient on diploid X loci than on autosomal and hemizygous X loci under a wide range of parameters. This “slower-X” effect is stronger for genes affecting primarily (or only) male fitness, and for sexually antagonistic genes. These unusual dynamics suggest that some of the peculiar features of X chromosomes, such as the differential accumulation of genes with sex-specific functions, may start arising earlier than previously appreciated."}],"date_published":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","acknowledgement":"We thank the Vicoso and Barton groups and ISTA Scientific Computing Unit. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. This work was supported by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreements no. 715257 and no. 716117).","file_date_updated":"2023-08-16T11:43:33Z","intvolume":"         7","day":"01","oa_version":"Published Version","volume":7,"publisher":"Oxford University Press","file":[{"file_name":"2023_EvLetters_Mrnjavac.pdf","file_id":"14068","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2023-08-16T11:43:33Z","relation":"main_file","checksum":"a240a041cb9b9b7c8ba93a4706674a3f","date_updated":"2023-08-16T11:43:33Z","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":2592189}],"ddc":["570"],"date_updated":"2023-08-16T11:44:32Z","citation":{"ista":"Mrnjavac A, Khudiakova K, Barton NH, Vicoso B. 2023. Slower-X: Reduced efficiency of selection in the early stages of X chromosome evolution. Evolution Letters. 7(1), qrac004.","chicago":"Mrnjavac, Andrea, Kseniia Khudiakova, Nicholas H Barton, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Slower-X: Reduced Efficiency of Selection in the Early Stages of X Chromosome Evolution.” <i>Evolution Letters</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrac004\">https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrac004</a>.","short":"A. Mrnjavac, K. Khudiakova, N.H. Barton, B. Vicoso, Evolution Letters 7 (2023).","apa":"Mrnjavac, A., Khudiakova, K., Barton, N. H., &#38; Vicoso, B. (2023). Slower-X: Reduced efficiency of selection in the early stages of X chromosome evolution. <i>Evolution Letters</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrac004\">https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrac004</a>","ieee":"A. Mrnjavac, K. Khudiakova, N. H. Barton, and B. Vicoso, “Slower-X: Reduced efficiency of selection in the early stages of X chromosome evolution,” <i>Evolution Letters</i>, vol. 7, no. 1. Oxford University Press, 2023.","ama":"Mrnjavac A, Khudiakova K, Barton NH, Vicoso B. Slower-X: Reduced efficiency of selection in the early stages of X chromosome evolution. <i>Evolution Letters</i>. 2023;7(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrac004\">10.1093/evlett/qrac004</a>","mla":"Mrnjavac, Andrea, et al. “Slower-X: Reduced Efficiency of Selection in the Early Stages of X Chromosome Evolution.” <i>Evolution Letters</i>, vol. 7, no. 1, qrac004, Oxford University Press, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrac004\">10.1093/evlett/qrac004</a>."},"type":"journal_article","year":"2023","date_created":"2023-02-06T13:59:12Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"BeVi"}],"status":"public","ec_funded":1,"author":[{"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Mrnjavac","id":"353FAC84-AE61-11E9-8BFC-00D3E5697425","full_name":"Mrnjavac, Andrea"},{"last_name":"Khudiakova","id":"4E6DC800-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425","full_name":"Khudiakova, Kseniia","orcid":"0000-0002-6246-1465","first_name":"Kseniia"},{"last_name":"Barton","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Nicholas H"},{"last_name":"Vicoso","orcid":"0000-0002-4579-8306","id":"49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Vicoso, Beatriz","first_name":"Beatriz"}],"issue":"1","title":"Slower-X: Reduced efficiency of selection in the early stages of X chromosome evolution","article_type":"original","publication":"Evolution Letters","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrac004","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","external_id":{"isi":["001021692200001"],"pmid":["37065438"]},"quality_controlled":"1","article_number":"qrac004","pmid":1,"_id":"12521","oa":1,"keyword":["Genetics","Ecology","Evolution","Behavior and Systematics"],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2056-3744"]},"project":[{"grant_number":"716117","name":"Optimal Transport and Stochastic Dynamics","_id":"256E75B8-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"250BDE62-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Prevalence and Influence of Sexual Antagonism on Genome Evolution","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"715257"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]}